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Spring 2005 Part 1

The document is the instructions for Part I and Part II of a qualifying exam. It provides physical constants and lists 14 problems to solve, with instructions to complete 4 problems from Part I (problems 1-5) and 7 problems from Part II (problems 6-14). It gives details on each individual problem, ranging from classical mechanics questions to quantum mechanics questions. Calculators are allowed but no other reference materials. Problems must be clearly marked for grading.

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51 views

Spring 2005 Part 1

The document is the instructions for Part I and Part II of a qualifying exam. It provides physical constants and lists 14 problems to solve, with instructions to complete 4 problems from Part I (problems 1-5) and 7 problems from Part II (problems 6-14). It gives details on each individual problem, ranging from classical mechanics questions to quantum mechanics questions. Calculators are allowed but no other reference materials. Problems must be clearly marked for grading.

Uploaded by

paimo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spring 2005 Qualifying Exam

Part I

Calculators are allowed. No reference material may be used.


Please clearly mark the problems you have solved and want to be graded.
Do only mark the required number of problems.
Physical Constants:
Planck constant: h = 6.6260755 10-34 Js, = 1.05457266 10-34 Js
Boltzmann constant: kB = 1.380658 10-23 J/K
Elementary charge: e = 1.60217733 10-19 C
Avogadro number: NA = 6.0221367 1023 particles/mol
Speed of light: c = 2.99792458 108 m/s
Electron rest mass: me = 9.1093897 10-31 kg
Proton rest mass: mp = 1.6726231 10-27 kg
Neutron rest mass: mn = 1.6749286 10-27 kg
Bohr radius a0 = 5.29177 10-11 m
Compton wavelength of the electron: c = h/(me c) = 2.42631 10-12 m
Permeability of free space: 0 = 4 10-7 N/A2
Permittivity of free space: 0 = 1/0c2
Mass of sun: 1.99*1030 kg
Useful integral:

x
0

e ax dx

m!
a m 1

Section I:
Work 4 out of 5 problems, problem 1 problem 5.
Problem 1:
A particle of mass m traveling with (non-relativistic) velocity u 1 makes a head-on
collision with a second particle of mass M, which is at rest in the laboratory. If the
collision is completely inelastic, what fraction of the original kinetic energy remains after
the collision?
Problem 2:
Find the average distance <r> from the nucleus for the electron in the n = 2, l = 1 state of
hydrogen. The normalized radial function is
R12 ( r )

r
2 6a 05 / 2

exp( r /( 2a 0 )) .

Problem 3:
(a) At what distance from a single conductor carrying a direct current of 20 A is the
magnetic field produced equal to earths magnetic field (Bearth ~ 5 x 10-5 T)?
(b) Suppose a two-conductor household power cord supplies 20A current to an electric
heater. How does the answer to part (a) change, qualitatively, in terms of distance from
the cable, and what fundamental conservation law is involved in producing this change?
Problem 4:
At present we believe that there are ~1011 stars per galaxy and on the order of 1011
galaxies in the visible universe. The size of visible universe is 1.4*1010 light years.
Assuming that the average star is like the Sun calculate
(a) the average density of luminous matter in the universe, and
(b) the average number of atoms per 1m3 this corresponds to, assuming it is mostly
hydrogen.
Problem 5:
Determine the work that can be obtained from the one cycle of the ideal Carnot machine
in which the working substance is a photon gas. The energy density of this gas is given
by the u = T4 and the pressure is P = (1/3)u.

Section II:
Work 7 out of the 9 problems, problem 6 problem 14.
Problem 6:
Water circulates throughout a house in a hot-water heating system. If the water is
flowing at a speed of 0.2 m/s through a 5.0 cm-diameter pipe in the basement under a
pressure of 3.0 atm, what will be the flow speed and pressure in a 1 cm-diameter pipe on
the second floor 5.0 m above the basement? Assume the pipes do not divide into
branches. (1 atm = 101 kPa)
Problem 7:

In circuit in the figure above there is a uniform magnetic field which points into the page.
The magnitude of the field is decreasing at a rate of 200 T/s. Find the reading of the
ammeter.
Problem 8:
A uniform, dense rope of length b and mass per unit length is coiled on a smooth table.
You lift one end of the rope by hand vertically upward at constant speed u0. Find the
force that you must apply to the rope when the end is a distance a above the table (a < b).

Problem 9:
Find the value of Cx in the circuit shown if C1 = 3.3 nF, C2 = 6.8 nF and the voltage ratio
V0/V1 is to be 5 (V1 is the voltage across capacitor C1).

Problem 10:
A hole is drilled straight through the earth, passing through its center. The mass of the
Earth is M = 6*1024 kg and its radius is R = 6400 km; G = 6.67*10-11 Nm2/kg2.
(a) Find the force on a particle of mass m as function of its distance r from the center.
Assume that the density of the Earth is constant.
(b) Write the differential equation for the motion of the particle.
(c) If you drop the particle in the hole, what is the period of its motion? Make a
numerical estimate.
(d) What is this type of motion called?
Problem 11:
A converging magnetic field is often used as a magnetic mirror. Consider a symmetric
converging field with Bz/z = f(z). Show that the radial component of B in cylindrical
coordinates, namely B, where = xi + yj is given by B = -(/2)f(z).
Problem 12:
A capacitor, C = 100F, is charged to a potential of 25 kV. The capacitor is then
discharged through a 1 k resistor immersed in and at equilibrium with 500 ml of water.
The water is at an initial temperature of 20 oC. Find the final, equilibrium temperature of
the water (specific heat 4187 J/kgoC), if the resistor has specific heat of 710 J/kgoC and a
mass of 100 g.

Problem 13:
An electron (m = 9.11*10-31 kg) moves with a speed v = 3.8*106 m/s (non-relativistic)
back and forth inside a one-dimensional box (U = 0) of length L. The potential is infinite
elsewhere, hence the electron may not escape the box.
(a) If the electron were a classical particle, what would be its energy?
(b) Now treat the electron quantum-mechanically but assume it has the energy you found
in part (a). If the quantum number associated with the state of the electron is n = 2, what
is the length of the box?
(c) What is the energy of the ground state?
(d) Write down the wave function for the first excited state.
Problem 14:
A free particle with mass m is subjected to a time-dependent force F(t) = F0 exp(t/,
where F0 and are constants
(a) Find the velocity v(t) of the particle as a function of time,
given that v = 0 at time t = 0.
(b) What is the total work done on the particle by the force?

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