Assignment -1

Q.NO.1-ANS

Network Diagram

Task

Expected
Time

Crash
Time

Immediate
predecesso
r
Start

Cost/week Slack
crashed

Critical
Path

Weeks
Crash
able
1

5000

Yes

Start

6000

No

Start

2500

No

4000

Yes

n/a

No

3000

No

B,D,E

7000

Yes

a. In this problem A-D-G is the critical path as it consists of all the critical activities which
are resulting in 0 slack. It is also the longest path covering the entire network right
from the Start node to the dummy End node. The estimated duration of this project is
12 weeks.
b. Activity ,which has the lowest cost/week of 4000$ is crashed first because the activity
with lowest crash cost/week will be crashed first. It is crashed 2 week. A-D-G is the
critical path after this but now A-F has now become the critical path as it has the
completion time of 10 weeks. Now activity A has been crashed as it has a cost of 5000$
and activity F and G cannot be crashed as their cost is 10,000$ (3000+7000).So now the
project completion time is 9 weeks. Now both F and G can be crashed for 2 weeks and
the total cost incurred is 20000$.Now project completion is 7 weeks and all the paths are
critical and further reduction is not possible. So the minimum time in which task that
can be completed is 7 weeks.
c. The Least additional cost required for completing the project in 7 weeks is = (2 * 4000)
+ 5000 + (2 * 3000) + (2 * 7000) = 33,000 $
d. The project duration that will minimize the total project cost will be 8 weeks only. If the
project is crashed from 9 weeks to 8 weeks the cost incurred is 10000$ (Path F-G is
crashed) the cost is too high. If the project is not finished with in time the it will not
only incur a penalty of 10,000$ but will also result in the increase in the normal activity
cost. Therefore, the optimal number of weeks which will ensure the completion of the
task with least cost will be 8 weeks.
Q.NO.2 -ANS
The QFD diagram is drawn in excel in sheet( House of Quality1.)
QFD: The leftmost portion of the Quality Function Deployment describes the wants of the
customers , which in our case is :
Demanded Quality.
PLACEMENT
QUALITY TEACHING

INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
RESEARCH SCOPE
SKILL DEVELOPMENT

These wants of the students are important for the institution as it will ensure the satisfaction of
the students which will in turn result in brand name of the college. The weights shows the
importance of these wants and higher weight signifies greater importance of a particular want.
Relative weight explains the importance of a factor with respect to all the existing ones.

The middle portion of the QFD shows the hows. These are the ones that will play a role in the
fulfillment of the wants of the students. These are:
Direction Of Improvements
Teachers
Alumni
Infrastructure
Management
Staff
Pea dodgy
Relationship with industry

The upper most portion of the QFD determines the existing correlation of these hows. For
example infrastructure facilities have a strong positive correlation with the management.
The relationship between the hows and the wants are also depicted with different signs. For
example 100 placements have a strong relationship with the Industrial contact.
The bottom part of the QFD measures the ease with which the hows can be ensured in the
institution on a scale of 1-10. To understand this idea we can take the example of Promotions.
The right most part is there for competitor analysis to see in which are the areas the company is
lagging. To work upon the weak areas and the strong areas of the present scenario.

Q.NO.3 -ANS

Farmer calling KCC

During working hours

No

IVR
Response

Yes
Welcome
message by
Agent
Is the query
answered?

Close Call

Generate
Reports

Call a higher
lever expert

Establish
conference
call
Yes
Will revert
back with
message or
call back the
farmer in
suitable time

No

Is the query
answered by expert?

Process flow diagram

In the above process flow diagram we have shown the process of the call received to the problem
solved .In case the problem is not solved then the customer care will revert back with call or
msg. The above flow diagram is shows the ways it can handle the problem asked below
In These scenario call centres are expected to handle traffic from any part of the
country/state. In case, the operator at the Call Centre is unable to address the farmers
query.
Then, the call needs a call forward to identified agricultural specialists.
In order to understand this service design perform a service blue print analysis.
KCC aims to handle the doubts regarding the farming issues.
Evidence in our case will be the toll free no which they use to connect to responder who is
behind the line of invisibility. The responder has to be fluent and should have sound knowledge
of agriculture. He can provide the solutions if not given by him then the call should be
transferred to the centre of expert, he then answers the questions. If expert also does not have the
information then the caller will be told that KCC will revert back by call or via message.

Evidence

Toll free
No.

Line of interaction

Line of invisibility
Responde
r

Line of internal
Interaction

Expert

Blue Print
Q.NO.4-ANS
4 A)-By applying Exponential smoothing, with 0.6 forecasting technique forecast
value for sixth year is 56.304
YEAR
1
2
3
4
5
6

DEMAND
45
50
52
56
58

FCST=.6
45
45
48
50.4
53.76
56.304

4 B)- By applying Exponential smoothing, with 0.9 forecasting technique forecast

value for sixth year is 57.7575
YEAR
1
2
3
4
5
6

DEMAND
45
50
52
56
58

4 C)- Trend projection with regression:

SUMMARY
OUTPUT
Regression
Statistics
Multiple R 0.9884
83
R Square
0.9770
99
Adjusted
0.9694
R Square
66
Standard
0.8944
Error
27
Observati
5
ons
ANOVA

FCST=.9
45
45
49.5
51.75
55.575
57.7575

df
Regressio
n
Residual
Total

Intercept
X Variable
1

SS

MS

102.4

102.4

3
4

2.4
104.8

0.8

Coeffic
ients

Stan
dard
Error

t Stat

P-value

42.6

0.938
083
0.282
843

45.41
175
11.31
371

2.3507
6E-05
0.0014
81065

3.2

F
128

Signific
ance F
0.0014
81065

Lower
95%

Uppe
r
95%

39.614
60074
2.2998
68255

45.58
54
4.100
132

Lowe
r
95.0
%
39.61
46
2.299
868

Uppe
r
95.0
%
45.58
54
4.100
132

Using regression analysis we have found the equation Y=42.6 +3.3X By putting the
value of different years in place of X we got the forecasted demand.

Year
1
2
3
4
5
6

Actual
demand
45
50
52
56
58

Forecast demand using trend

45.8
49
52.2
55.4
58.6
61.8

4- D)
YEAR

DEMA
ND

Two
Years
Movin
g
Avera
ge

Deviat
ion

1
2
3

45
50
52

47.5

4.5

56

51

58

54

Percentag
es

TREND
PROJECTI
ON

8.65384615
4
8.92857142
9
6.89655172
4

DEVIATION

45.8
49
52.2

0.2

55.4

0.6

58.6

0.6

0.3846
15
1.0714
29
1.0344
83

6
MAD

4.5

MSE

20.416
67

MAPE

0.4666
67
0.2533
33
8.15965643
6

0.8301
76

When we analyze the MAD, MSE, MAPE of smoothing consent alpha= 0.6, alpha= 0.9, trend
projection and moving average. We can see that the error we get less in trend projection method.
So we should use trend projection forecasting method.

FORECAST
WITH 0.6

FORECAST
WITH 0.9

TREND
ANALYSIS

3.54375

2 YEAR
MOVING
AVERAGE
4.5

MAD

4.71

MSE

22.5844

13.79828125

20.41667

0.253333

MAPE

8.75066313

6.644503126

8.159656436

0.830176

0.466667

Q.NO. 5 ANS
A- Assuming that 10 observations are adequate for these purpose, determine the
three-sigma control limits for defects per suit.

SUIT
S

DEFECTS

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
AVG

8
0
7
12
5
10
2
4
6
6
6
CONTROL
LIMITS
UCL
LCL

13.348
47
0

LCL CANNOT BE
NEGATIVE

-1.348
47

In this case, c-chart which is a control chart for attribute will be used to determine whether the
errors are within the control limits or not. c-charts are effective tool for controlling the number
of defects per unit of output. The Poisson probability distribution which has a variance equal to
its mean is the basis for c -chart. Because cbar is the mean of the defects per unit, the standard
deviation is equal to cbar.
Therefore, the control limits are (0 , 13.35) for three sigma control limits.

B- Suppose that the next suit has 13 flaws. What can you say about the process
now?
SUIT
S
1
2
3
4
5
6

DEFEC
TS
8
0
7
12
5
10

7
8
9
10
11
AVG

2
4
6
6
13
6.6363
64
UCL
LCL

14.364
71
0

LCL CANNOT BE
NEGATIVE

1.091
98

The defect added for the 11th sample is 13 and therefore the control limits are (0 , 14.36) for
three sigma control limits. It is accepted with this UCL.
Since the suit has 13 flaws and for the 10 sample the UCL is 13.35 ,generally it is accepted as it
is below the UCL .One thing is to be noted that since the UCL is in fraction and defects cannot
be in fraction so 13 defects can become the upper limit of rejection. It totally depends upon the
organization whether the defects should touch the UCL or not.