Scribd
Upload
7 views2 pages

Euler

1) Euler equations are a special case of differential equations of the form anxnyn(n) + an-1xn-1yn-1(n-1) + ... + a2x2y'' + a1xy' + a0y = f(x). 2) By making the substitution x = ez or z = ln(x), Euler equations can be transformed into a linear differential equation with constant coefficients. 3) As an example, the differential equation x2y'' + 2xy' - l(l+1)y = 0 is transformed using the substitution into the simpler form d2y/dz2 + dy/dz - l(l+1

Uploaded by

FayazKhanPathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views2 pages

Euler

1) Euler equations are a special case of differential equations of the form anxnyn(n) + an-1xn-1yn-1(n-1) + ... + a2x2y'' + a1xy' + a0y = f(x). 2) By making the substitution x = ez or z = ln(x), Euler equations can be transformed into a linear differential equation with constant coefficients. 3) As an example, the differential equation x2y'' + 2xy' - l(l+1)y = 0 is transformed using the substitution into the simpler form d2y/dz2 + dy/dz - l(l+1

Uploaded by

FayazKhanPathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

EULER EQUATIONS

Differential equations of the form:


a n x n y ( n ) + a n 1 x n 1 y ( n 1) + ...a 2 x 2 y + a1 xy + a 0 y = f ( x ) (1)

represent a special case of Eulers equation.


Equations of this sort can always be transformed into a linear differential equation with
constant coefficients by making the substitution:
x = e z or z = ln x (2)

Lets consider the specific differential equation:


x 2 y + 2 xy l (l + 1) y = 0

(3)

When we make the substitution shown in (2) we get:


dy dy dz
dy
(4)
=

= e z
dx dz dx
dz

the last step occurring because dx/dz = ez, so dz/dx = e-z.


The second derivative becomes:
d 2 y d dy d z dy d z dy dz z dy z d 2 y z
= = e
= e + e 2 e =
=
e

dz dz
dz dx
dx 2 dx dx dx
dz
dz
(5)
d y
dy
e 2 z 2 e 2 z
dz
dz
2

Remembering that x2 = e2z and x = ez, we can use equations (4) and (5) to rewrite (3) as:
d 2 y dy
+
l (l + 1) y = 0
dz 2 dz

(6)

which is a simple second order homogeneous constant coefficient ordinary differential


equation.
The characteristic equation for (6) can be written as:

r 2 + r l (l + 1) = 0 (7)
Which can be factored as:
( r l )( r + l + 1) = 0 (8)

This gives a solution to (6) of:


y = c1e lz + c 2 e ( l +1) z

(9)

Since x = ez, eq. (9) becomes:


y = c1 x l + c 2 x ( l +1)

(10)

You might also like