Partial Differential Equation-Tutorial 3
Partial Differential Equation-Tutorial 3
Partial Differential Equation-Tutorial 3
Find the solution of utt = c²uxx , - < x < , t > 0 with initial condition
u( x , 0 ) = and ut = ( x , 0 ) = 0
1 0 x 1 , 2 x 3
0 otherwise
Solution
General solution = U ( x , t ) = F ( x - ct ) + G ( x + ct )
And from the d’Alembert solution we have :
1 1 x ct
u(x,t)=
2
[ f ( x - ct ) + f ( x + ct )] +
2c
x ct
g ( x ) dx
when g(x) = 0 ,
1 , 0 x - ct 1 - ct
1
1 , 2 x - ct 3 - ct
Hence u ( x , t ) = 2
0 , else
+
1, 0 x ct 1 ct
1
1, 2 x ct 3 ct
2
0 , else
0
1 x ct
+
2c x ct
0dx
f (x)
1 , 0 x 1
1 , 2 x 3
0 , els e
f ( x ct ) f ( x ct )
1 , 0 x ct 1
1 , 2 x ct 3
0 , else
1 , 0 x ct 1
1 , 2 x ct 3
0 , e lse
i) t = 0
by sketching the graph u ( x , 0 ) at t = 0
Let c = 1, at t = 0
1
u ( x , 0 ) = 2 [ f ( x – 1(0) ) + f ( x + 1(0)] + 0
1
= [ f ( x ) + f ( x) ]
2
u ( x , 0 ) = f(x)
ii) At t = 1 and c = 1
U(x,1) = 1 [f(x–1) +f(x+1)]
2
= f (x–1) +f(x+1)
2 2
Graph = f (x–1)
2
Graph = f (x+1)
2
Graph = f (x–2)
2
Graph = f (x+2)
2
Graph = f (x–2) + f ( x – 2)
2 2
At t = 3
U(x,3) = 1 [f(x–3) + f(x+3)]
2
= f (x–3) +f(x+3)
2 2
Graph = f (x–3)
2
Graph = f (x+3)
2