Rainfall Intensity & Design Calculations

Table5: RAINFALL DATA RECORD IN YEARS (1999-2010)
YEAR
RAINFALL
199
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
1177
1036
1030
7669
775.9
904.6
641.3
1041
851.2
902.8
912.5
2010
678.3
Table6: RAINFALL INTENSITY

RETURN PERIOD
2 YEAR
5 YEAR
10 YEAR
25 YEAR
50 YEAR
1OO YEAR
REFE
RENC
E
MAXIMUM DAILY INTENSITY (mm/hr)

47.5
57.2
63.3
71.1
76.9
82.7
CALCULATIONS
OUTPU
T
INFILTRATION
The infiltration rate at time 3.0 hrs. (Clayey soil)
Assume rainfall duration = 3 hrs and storm event takes 0.05
Hrs to reach interception.
f o = 483 mm/hr
fc
= 36 mm/hr
k = 0.64 min1
HOR
f ( t )=f c + ( f of c )
TON
k (t t 0)
f ( 3 hrs ) =36 + (483 - 36) e38.4 ( 0.05)
EQU
= 101.53 mm/hr
ATIO
N
Infiltration =
NRCS
( 38.4 hr 1 )
101.53 mm /hr
3 hrs
(OK)
= 33.8 mm
DIRECT RUNOFF DEPTH AND VOLUME
(SCS)
CUR
A = 14 ha ( 34.6 acre )
VE
P = 98.11mm (3.86 inches)
NUM
BER
MET
HOD
Hydrologic soil group D (clay soils)

50% land use
= 0.1-ha lots
10% townhouses
= 0.05-ha lots
25% schools, parking lots, gutters
15% open space, park yards with good grass cover.
Table7: The composite Curve Number corresponding to

AMCII Conditions
101.53
mm/hr
33.8 mm
Land use
Area (ha)
CN
Area C
N
Detached
87
609
1.4
92
128.8
3.5
98
343
2.1
80
168
houses (0.1ha lots)

Townhouse
s
(0.05-ha
lots
Schools,
streets
&
gutters e.tc.
Open
space,
parks e.tc.
Sums
14
1248
Thus, the composite CN,

CN =
CN II =
1248.8
14
23 CN II
10+ 0.13CN II
= 89
23 ( 89 )
10+ 0.13 ( 89 )
= 95
Max. possible retention from for this basin at AMC III is
1000
CN
S =
S=
1000
95
10
- 10 = 0.5262 in
S = 0.5262 in (13.4 mm)

Initial abstractions,
I a = 0.2S
I a = 0.2 13.4
Because
Dp> I a
( P0.2 S )2
P+0.8 S
Pe
Pe
= 2.67 mm
( 98.110.2 13.4 )2
98.11+0.8(13.4 )
35.6
mm (Say
36
36 mm
mm)
And
Vr
Pe A
36 ( 14 10 4 m2 )
1000 mm/m
= 5040
m3
5040
m3
NRCS
TIME OF CONCENTRATION ( T c )
(SCS)
VELO Table 8:
CITY
Reach
Flow
A to B
Description
Overland
120
B to C
(forest)
Overland
240
1.5
500
0.5
750
MET
HOD
Slope (%)
Length (m)
(shallow
gutter
&
grass
C to D
waterway)
Storm water
sewer
with
manholes,
inlets
e.tc
(n = 0.015,
D to E
D=9000 mm
Open
channel
GRAP
H OF A to B ;
SLOP
v = 0.65 ft/sec ( 0.198 m/sec )

t AB
E(%)
L
V
120
0.198
= 606 seconds
vs
VELO B to C ;
CITY
(ft/s)
v = 2.8 ft/sec ( 0.853 m/sec )

t BC
L
V
240
0.853
= 281 seconds
The travel time in the storm sewer from C to D

1
n
2/ 3
D
4
( )
1
0.9
0.015 4
2/3
( )
S1 /2
( 0.015 )1 /2
= 3.0 m/s
L
V
t CD
500
3
= 167 seconds
The travel time in the open channel from D to E;

Using bank-full velocity,
1
n
( 2 /3 )
1
0.019
1 /2
(0.67)2/ 3
(0.005)1/ 2
= 2.8 m/s
t DE
L
V
750
2.8
= 268
seconds
Tc
=
Tc
T AB
T BC
T CD +T DE
= (606 +281+167+268) = 1322 seconds

1322
( 60
60 )
hrs. = 0.367 hr. ( 22minutes)
0.37 hr.
PEAK FLOW ESTIMATION ( PEAK DISCHARGE )

NRCS
The rainfall distributions an SCS Type II
(SCS)
A = 14 ha (14 10 4
MET
T c = 0.367 hr.
HOD
m 2 ) 0.054 mi 2
P = 98.11 mm (3.86 in)

CN = 95 for the AMC-II conditions
S = 13.4 mm
Pe = 36 mm (1.417 in)
NRCS
Table10: Adjustment factor,
(SCS)
areas :
Brow
n,Stei
n
&
Warn
er,
Pond and swampy area

0
0.2
1.0
3.0
5.0
F p ,for ponds and swampy

Fp
1.00
0.97
0.87
0.75
0.72
2001)
The ratio
I a /P = 0.10
Storm Type II, Coefficients:- C o = 2.55323

C1 = - 0.61512
C2
= - 0.16403
Table
2
Coeffi
Using,
K=C o + C1 log 10 t c
cients
for
SCS
(NRC
S)
Substitution yields
2
+ C2 ( log 10 t c )
K= 2.55323-0.61512 ( log 10 0.367 ) -0.16403 ( log 10 0.367 )

= 2.9638
The unit peak runoff rate,

qu = C f
10k
= 1.0 102.9638 = 920 cfs/ mi2 /in
qu =
920
cfs/ mi2
Peak discharge from the drainage basin ( Q p )

Q p = qu A Pe
= 920 (0.054) (1.417) = 70.41 cfs ( 1.994 m3 /sec)
Qp =
1.994
Note: 1 cfs = 0.02832 m3 /sec
m3 /sec)
Adjusted Peak Discharge ( Q pa )

Q pa =
Fp
Qp
= 0.87 70.41
= 61.26 cfs (1.735 m3 /sec)
Q pa =
1.735
m
STORAGE CAPACITY OF DETENTION POND
/sec
4
A = 14 ha (34.6 acres) 14 10
m2 )
-Imperviousness development = 45 %
-Hydrologic Soil Group D (Clay Soil)
GRAP
-Time of Concentration = 0.36 hour (22 minutes)
HICA
-The 10-year, 1-hour point precipitation is 36 mm (1.417
inches)
PEAK
DISC
HAR
Table 11:
GE
Draina
F-
MET
ge
value
HOD
Table:
CN
Tc
Rainfa
ll
(hours
area
depth
Pre-
(acres)
34.
0.37
develo
6
0.37
NRCS
pment
Post-
(SCS)
develo
pment
34.
6
75
(mm)
63.3
95
63.3
Table12: Maximum Unit Flow Release Rates (cfs/acre):

Design
Return Period
NRCS Hydrological Soil Group
(Years)
A
0.02
0.0.7
0.13
0.24
0.33
0.50
2
5
10
25
50
100
B
0.03
0.13
0.23
0.41
0.56
0.85
C&D
0.04
0.17
0.33
0.52
0.68
1.00
The allowable peak release rate:

Catchment Area = 14 ha (34.6 acres)
10 year release rate = 0.33 (Hydrological Soil Group D)
= 0.33 34.6
Qo
= 11.34 cfs (0.0333 m3 /sec).
Peak inflow rate for the developed conditions:

Qi = 61.26 cfs (1.735 m3 /sec)
Runoff depth = 126.6 mm
The ratio
Qo
Qi
rate ( Qi ):
Qo
Qi
of design release rate ( Qo ) to the inflow
11.34
61.26
= 0.1851
From the Figure:

Vs
Vr
= 0.4690
The storage volume,
Vs
= (V r)
Vs
Vr
( )
= ( 1.9685 0.4690)
= 0.9232 inches.
Vs
Convert
to acre feet,
V s watershed inches
Watershed areaacres
(
)
)
V s=
12 ft
Vs
= ( 0.9232 inches )
acres
( 34.6
12 ft )
= 2.662 acre feet.

To convert the storage volume to cubic meter:
Vs
3288
Vs
= ( 2.662) ( 1235 )
= 3288 m3
The detention volume required for the 10 year storm is
m3
3288 m3 .
Note: 1 ac ft = 1235 m3
DISCHARGE CAPACITY OF THE STRUCTURE (SINDE

BRIDGE):
1.80m
6.50m
A1
4.34m
A2
1.34m
A3 A4
h1 = 0.768m
h2 = 2.920m
h3
=1.306m
Wetted Area
[( A )]
A1 =
1
1.8 0.76 = 0.68 m 2
2
A2
1
2
A3 =
1
2
A4 =
1
2
6.50(0.768+2.920) = 12 m 2
4.34(2.920+1.306) = 9.2 m 2
1.341.306 = 0.88 m
(A) = 22.76 m2
Wetted Perimeter
[( P)]
P1 = ( 1.802 + ( 0.768
= 1.957m
2
2.152
P2 = ( 6.50
+(
= 6.847m
2
2
A= 22.76
m
P3 = ( 4.002
P4
4.226
2
+(
P=
= 5.819m
16.47m
1.300
1.306
=
+(
= 1.843m
2
(P) = 16.47m
R
1.382m
R=
A
P
22.76
= 16.47 = 1.382m
Bed slope (S): S = (1.574 1.553)/30 = 0.0007.

MAN
Flow velocity:
NING
S
V =
FOR
MUL
A
1
n
1
0.025
R2 /3
S 1/ 2
22.76
( 16.47
2/ 3
0.0007
1 /2
= 1.3129 m/sec
Discharge = VA = 1.3129 22.76 = 30 m3 /sec
Q=
m3 /s
30
TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP FOR MBEYA

Rainfall Intensity & Design Calculations

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Table5: RAINFALL DATA RECORD IN YEARS (1999-2010)

Table6: RAINFALL INTENSITY

MAXIMUM DAILY INTENSITY (mm/hr)

f ( 3 hrs ) =36 + (483 - 36) e38.4 ( 0.05)

DIRECT RUNOFF DEPTH AND VOLUME

P = 98.11mm (3.86 inches)

Hydrologic soil group D (clay soils)

Table7: The composite Curve Number corresponding to

houses (0.1ha lots)

Thus, the composite CN,

Max. possible retention from for this basin at AMC III is

S = 0.5262 in (13.4 mm)

v = 0.65 ft/sec ( 0.198 m/sec )

v = 2.8 ft/sec ( 0.853 m/sec )

The travel time in the storm sewer from C to D

The travel time in the open channel from D to E;

= (606 +281+167+268) = 1322 seconds

hrs. = 0.367 hr. ( 22minutes)

PEAK FLOW ESTIMATION ( PEAK DISCHARGE )

The rainfall distributions an SCS Type II

P = 98.11 mm (3.86 in)

Table10: Adjustment factor,

Pond and swampy area

F p ,for ponds and swampy

Storm Type II, Coefficients:- C o = 2.55323

K= 2.55323-0.61512 ( log 10 0.367 ) -0.16403 ( log 10 0.367 )

The unit peak runoff rate,

= 1.0 102.9638 = 920 cfs/ mi2 /in

Peak discharge from the drainage basin ( Q p )

Note: 1 cfs = 0.02832 m3 /sec

Adjusted Peak Discharge ( Q pa )

= 61.26 cfs (1.735 m3 /sec)

STORAGE CAPACITY OF DETENTION POND

-Time of Concentration = 0.36 hour (22 minutes)

-The 10-year, 1-hour point precipitation is 36 mm (1.417

Table12: Maximum Unit Flow Release Rates (cfs/acre):

NRCS Hydrological Soil Group

The allowable peak release rate:

= 11.34 cfs (0.0333 m3 /sec).

Peak inflow rate for the developed conditions:

of design release rate ( Qo ) to the inflow

From the Figure:

The storage volume,

= 2.662 acre feet.

DISCHARGE CAPACITY OF THE STRUCTURE (SINDE

Bed slope (S): S = (1.574 1.553)/30 = 0.0007.

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP FOR MBEYA

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