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Rainfall Intensity & Design Calculations

The document contains rainfall and hydrological data from 1999-2010 for Mbeya, Tanzania. It includes tables of annual rainfall amounts, rainfall intensity, infiltration rates, runoff calculations, time of concentration, and peak discharge estimations. The peak discharge for a 10-year storm is estimated to be 1.735 cubic meters per second. Storage requirements for a detention pond are calculated to be 3288 cubic meters. Discharge capacity through a bridge is estimated at 30 cubic meters per second using Manning's equation.

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Nivanoh James
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300 views16 pages

Rainfall Intensity & Design Calculations

The document contains rainfall and hydrological data from 1999-2010 for Mbeya, Tanzania. It includes tables of annual rainfall amounts, rainfall intensity, infiltration rates, runoff calculations, time of concentration, and peak discharge estimations. The peak discharge for a 10-year storm is estimated to be 1.735 cubic meters per second. Storage requirements for a detention pond are calculated to be 3288 cubic meters. Discharge capacity through a bridge is estimated at 30 cubic meters per second using Manning's equation.

Uploaded by

Nivanoh James
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Table5: RAINFALL DATA RECORD IN YEARS (1999-2010)

YEAR
RAINFALL

199

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

1177

1036

1030

7669

775.9

904.6

641.3

1041

851.2

902.8

912.5

2010
678.3

Table6: RAINFALL INTENSITY


RETURN PERIOD
2 YEAR
5 YEAR
10 YEAR
25 YEAR
50 YEAR
1OO YEAR

REFE
RENC
E

MAXIMUM DAILY INTENSITY (mm/hr)


47.5
57.2
63.3
71.1
76.9
82.7

CALCULATIONS

OUTPU
T

INFILTRATION
The infiltration rate at time 3.0 hrs. (Clayey soil)
Assume rainfall duration = 3 hrs and storm event takes 0.05
Hrs to reach interception.
f o = 483 mm/hr
fc

= 36 mm/hr

k = 0.64 min1
HOR

f ( t )=f c + ( f of c )

TON

k (t t 0)

f ( 3 hrs ) =36 + (483 - 36) e38.4 ( 0.05)

EQU

= 101.53 mm/hr

ATIO
N

Infiltration =

NRCS

( 38.4 hr 1 )

101.53 mm /hr
3 hrs

(OK)

= 33.8 mm

DIRECT RUNOFF DEPTH AND VOLUME

(SCS)
CUR

A = 14 ha ( 34.6 acre )

VE

P = 98.11mm (3.86 inches)

NUM
BER
MET
HOD

Hydrologic soil group D (clay soils)


50% land use
= 0.1-ha lots
10% townhouses
= 0.05-ha lots
25% schools, parking lots, gutters
15% open space, park yards with good grass cover.

Table7: The composite Curve Number corresponding to


AMCII Conditions

101.53
mm/hr
33.8 mm

Land use

Area (ha)

CN

Area C
N

Detached

87

609

1.4

92

128.8

3.5

98

343

2.1

80

168

houses (0.1ha lots)


Townhouse
s

(0.05-ha

lots
Schools,
streets

&

gutters e.tc.
Open
space,
parks e.tc.
Sums

14

1248

Thus, the composite CN,


CN =

CN II =

1248.8
14

23 CN II
10+ 0.13CN II

= 89

23 ( 89 )
10+ 0.13 ( 89 )

= 95

Max. possible retention from for this basin at AMC III is

1000
CN

S =

S=

1000
95

10

- 10 = 0.5262 in

S = 0.5262 in (13.4 mm)


Initial abstractions,
I a = 0.2S
I a = 0.2 13.4
Because

Dp> I a

( P0.2 S )2

P+0.8 S

Pe

Pe

= 2.67 mm

( 98.110.2 13.4 )2
98.11+0.8(13.4 )

35.6

mm (Say

36
36 mm

mm)
And
Vr

Pe A
36 ( 14 10 4 m2 )
1000 mm/m

= 5040

m3

5040
m3

NRCS
TIME OF CONCENTRATION ( T c )

(SCS)
VELO Table 8:
CITY

Reach

Flow

A to B

Description
Overland

120

B to C

(forest)
Overland

240

1.5

500

0.5

750

MET
HOD

Slope (%)

Length (m)

(shallow
gutter

&

grass
C to D

waterway)
Storm water
sewer

with

manholes,
inlets

e.tc

(n = 0.015,
D to E

D=9000 mm
Open
channel

GRAP
H OF A to B ;
SLOP

v = 0.65 ft/sec ( 0.198 m/sec )


t AB

E(%)

L
V

120
0.198

= 606 seconds

vs
VELO B to C ;
CITY
(ft/s)

v = 2.8 ft/sec ( 0.853 m/sec )


t BC

L
V

240
0.853

= 281 seconds

The travel time in the storm sewer from C to D


1
n

2/ 3

D
4

( )

1
0.9
0.015 4

2/3

( )

S1 /2

( 0.015 )1 /2

= 3.0 m/s
L
V

t CD

500
3

= 167 seconds

The travel time in the open channel from D to E;


Using bank-full velocity,

1
n

( 2 /3 )

1
0.019

1 /2

(0.67)2/ 3

(0.005)1/ 2

= 2.8 m/s
t DE

L
V

750
2.8

= 268

seconds
Tc

=
Tc

T AB

T BC

T CD +T DE

= (606 +281+167+268) = 1322 seconds


1322
( 60
60 )

hrs. = 0.367 hr. ( 22minutes)

0.37 hr.

PEAK FLOW ESTIMATION ( PEAK DISCHARGE )


NRCS

The rainfall distributions an SCS Type II

(SCS)

A = 14 ha (14 10 4

MET

T c = 0.367 hr.

HOD

m 2 ) 0.054 mi 2

P = 98.11 mm (3.86 in)


CN = 95 for the AMC-II conditions
S = 13.4 mm
Pe = 36 mm (1.417 in)

NRCS

Table10: Adjustment factor,

(SCS)

areas :

Brow
n,Stei
n

&

Warn
er,

Pond and swampy area


0
0.2
1.0
3.0
5.0

F p ,for ponds and swampy


Fp
1.00
0.97
0.87
0.75
0.72

2001)
The ratio

I a /P = 0.10

Storm Type II, Coefficients:- C o = 2.55323


C1 = - 0.61512
C2

= - 0.16403

Table
2
Coeffi

Using,
K=C o + C1 log 10 t c

cients
for
SCS
(NRC
S)

Substitution yields

2
+ C2 ( log 10 t c )

K= 2.55323-0.61512 ( log 10 0.367 ) -0.16403 ( log 10 0.367 )


= 2.9638

The unit peak runoff rate,


qu = C f

10k

= 1.0 102.9638 = 920 cfs/ mi2 /in

qu =
920
cfs/ mi2

Peak discharge from the drainage basin ( Q p )


Q p = qu A Pe
= 920 (0.054) (1.417) = 70.41 cfs ( 1.994 m3 /sec)

Qp =
1.994

Note: 1 cfs = 0.02832 m3 /sec

m3 /sec)

Adjusted Peak Discharge ( Q pa )


Q pa =

Fp

Qp

= 0.87 70.41

= 61.26 cfs (1.735 m3 /sec)

Q pa =
1.735
m

STORAGE CAPACITY OF DETENTION POND

/sec

4
A = 14 ha (34.6 acres) 14 10

m2 )

-Imperviousness development = 45 %
-Hydrologic Soil Group D (Clay Soil)
GRAP

-Time of Concentration = 0.36 hour (22 minutes)

HICA

-The 10-year, 1-hour point precipitation is 36 mm (1.417

inches)

PEAK
DISC
HAR

Table 11:

GE

Draina

F-

MET

ge

value

HOD

Table:

CN

Tc

Rainfa
ll

(hours

area

depth

Pre-

(acres)
34.

0.37

develo

6
0.37

NRCS

pment
Post-

(SCS)

develo
pment

34.
6

75

(mm)
63.3

95

63.3

Table12: Maximum Unit Flow Release Rates (cfs/acre):


Design
Return Period

NRCS Hydrological Soil Group

(Years)
A
0.02
0.0.7
0.13
0.24
0.33
0.50

2
5
10
25
50
100

B
0.03
0.13
0.23
0.41
0.56
0.85

C&D
0.04
0.17
0.33
0.52
0.68
1.00

The allowable peak release rate:


Catchment Area = 14 ha (34.6 acres)
10 year release rate = 0.33 (Hydrological Soil Group D)
= 0.33 34.6
Qo

= 11.34 cfs (0.0333 m3 /sec).

Peak inflow rate for the developed conditions:


Qi = 61.26 cfs (1.735 m3 /sec)
Runoff depth = 126.6 mm
The ratio

Qo
Qi

rate ( Qi ):

Qo
Qi

of design release rate ( Qo ) to the inflow

11.34
61.26

= 0.1851

From the Figure:


Vs
Vr

= 0.4690

The storage volume,

Vs

= (V r)

Vs
Vr

( )

= ( 1.9685 0.4690)
= 0.9232 inches.
Vs

Convert

to acre feet,

V s watershed inches
Watershed areaacres
(
)
)
V s=
12 ft

Vs

= ( 0.9232 inches )

acres
( 34.6
12 ft )

= 2.662 acre feet.


To convert the storage volume to cubic meter:

Vs

3288
Vs

= ( 2.662) ( 1235 )

= 3288 m3
The detention volume required for the 10 year storm is

m3

3288 m3 .
Note: 1 ac ft = 1235 m3

DISCHARGE CAPACITY OF THE STRUCTURE (SINDE


BRIDGE):
1.80m

6.50m

A1

4.34m

A2

1.34m

A3 A4

h1 = 0.768m

h2 = 2.920m

h3

=1.306m

Wetted Area

[( A )]

A1 =

1
1.8 0.76 = 0.68 m 2
2

A2

1
2

A3 =

1
2

A4 =

1
2

6.50(0.768+2.920) = 12 m 2

4.34(2.920+1.306) = 9.2 m 2
1.341.306 = 0.88 m

(A) = 22.76 m2
Wetted Perimeter

[( P)]

P1 = ( 1.802 + ( 0.768
= 1.957m

2
2.152
P2 = ( 6.50
+(
= 6.847m
2
2

A= 22.76
m

P3 = ( 4.002

P4

4.226
2

+(

P=

= 5.819m
16.47m

1.300
1.306

=
+(
= 1.843m
2

(P) = 16.47m
R

1.382m

R=

A
P

22.76

= 16.47 = 1.382m

Bed slope (S): S = (1.574 1.553)/30 = 0.0007.


MAN

Flow velocity:

NING
S

V =

FOR
MUL
A

1
n
1
0.025

R2 /3

S 1/ 2

22.76
( 16.47
2/ 3

0.0007
1 /2

= 1.3129 m/sec
Discharge = VA = 1.3129 22.76 = 30 m3 /sec

Q=
m3 /s

30

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP FOR MBEYA

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