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    Circuit and Working

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    lovi
    This document describes a visitor counter circuit that uses light-dependent resistors (LDRs) and a microcontroller to count the number of people entering and exiting an area. The circuit uses CD4026 counter ICs and 7-segment displays to increment the count each time an LDR sensor detects a person interrupting the light. By subtracting the exit count from the entrance count, the number of current visitors can be calculated. The circuit is assembled on a printed circuit board along with the LDR, displays, and other components.

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    Circuit and Working

    Uploaded by

    lovi
    37 views5 pages
    This document describes a visitor counter circuit that uses light-dependent resistors (LDRs) and a microcontroller to count the number of people entering and exiting an area. The circuit uses CD4026 counter ICs and 7-segment displays to increment the count each time an LDR sensor detects a person interrupting the light. By subtracting the exit count from the entrance count, the number of current visitors can be calculated. The circuit is assembled on a printed circuit board along with the LDR, displays, and other components.

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    This document describes a visitor counter circuit that uses light-dependent resistors (LDRs) and a microcontroller to count the number of people entering and exiting an area. The circuit uses CD4026 counter ICs and 7-segment displays to increment the count each time an LDR sensor detects a person interrupting the light. By subtracting the exit count from the entrance count, the number of current visitors can be calculated. The circuit is assembled on a printed circuit board along with the LDR, displays, and other components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views5 pages

    Circuit and Working

    Uploaded by

    lovi
    This document describes a visitor counter circuit that uses light-dependent resistors (LDRs) and a microcontroller to count the number of people entering and exiting an area. The circuit uses CD4026 counter ICs and 7-segment displays to increment the count each time an LDR sensor detects a person interrupting the light. By subtracting the exit count from the entrance count, the number of current visitors can be calculated. The circuit is assembled on a printed circuit board along with the LDR, displays, and other components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Presented here is a simple counter that counts the number of visitors entering or

    exiting an auditorium or any other place where you have installed this circuit at the
    gates. On receiving an interrupt from light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensors, the
    circuit increments the count and shows it on a 7-segment display.
    With these units installed at the entrance and exit gates, you can calculate the
    number of visitors present in the room by subtracting the count at the exit gate
    from the count at the entrance gate. The system should be installed on a door such
    that only one person can cross through at a time, interrupting the light falling on the
    LDR sensor.

    Circuit and working


    The circuit is built around popular CD4026 counter ICs (IC1 and IC2), lightdependent resistor (LDR1), transistor BC547 (T1), common-cathode seven-segment
    displays (DIS1 and DIS2) and a few other components. The advantage of using
    CD4026 counter IC is that it drives a 7-segment display without the need of a driver
    IC.

    Fig
    . 1: Circuit of visitor counter
    The resistance of LDR1 decreases when the intensity of light falling on it increases
    and vice versa. In dark or absence of light, the LDR exhibits a resistance in the
    range of mega-ohms, which decreases to a few hundred ohms in presence of bright
    light.
    In this circuit, the amount of light falling on LDR1 decreases as a person crosses the
    entrance/exit gate and his shadow falls on LDR1. Consequently, the resistance of
    LDR1 increases to provide a clock pulse to pin 1 of IC1 through transistor T1. During
    this time, LED1 stops glowing momentarily, indicating that someone is entering or
    exiting the hall.

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    ICI consists of a Johnson decade counter and an output decoder that converts the
    Johnson code into a 7-segment decoded output for driving one stage in a numerical
    display. When it receives a clock at pin 1, it advances the count on display DIS1 by
    one. Similarly, the count on the display advances by one with each person
    entering through the gate. When the count reaches 9, one cycle completes.
    Carry-out pin 5 of IC1 is connected to clock pin 1 of IC2 to cascade another counter.
    On the next clock after count 9, it goes high to provide a clock pulse to IC2,
    advancing its counter by one. Now IC1 starts all over again.
    DIS1 shows the units digit and DIS2 shows the tens digit of the count. After
    completion of each cycle, tens digit advances by one. You can add more CD4026
    counters with 7-segment displays for further extending the display to three digits,
    four digits, etc. For this, you have to connect carry-out pin 5 of each CD4026 to
    clock pin 1 of the next CD4026 as shown in the circuit diagram. Pin 15 of both IC1
    and IC2 are connected to ground through resistor R5. A reset switch (S1) is
    connected to 6V for resetting the display to 00.

    Fig. 2: An actual-size, single-side PCB

    for the visitor counter


    Component layout for the PCB

    Fig. 3:

    Download PCB and component layout PDFs: click here


    Construction and testing
    An actual-size, single-side PCB for the visitor counter is shown in Fig. 2 and its
    component layout in Fig. 3. After assembling the circuit on a PCB, enclose it in a
    suitable case. Fix LED1, DIS1 and DIS2 on the front panel. Use a two-pin connector
    for connecting the power supply to the PCB.

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    This is a simple circuit and should work immediately after assembly. To check the
    circuit for proper functioning, verify voltage levels on various test points as per the
    test point table.

    Proper installation is very important. Mount LDR1 on the gate such that light falling
    on it is interrupted when somebody passes through the gate. We have used a fixed
    resistor here but, if necessary, you can use a preset in place of R2 for tuning the
    system to your environment.

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