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TCSC Mode of Oper

This document discusses series FACTS devices and focuses on modeling the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC). It provides details on: 1) The basic configuration of a TCSC, which consists of a series controlled capacitor shunted by a thyristor controlled reactor. 2) The three operating modes of a TCSC - thyristor blocked, thyristor bypassed, and vernier operation with phase control. 3) A mathematical model for calculating the overall reactance of a TCSC based on its delay angle and component reactances.

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rahul kumar
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241 views4 pages

TCSC Mode of Oper

This document discusses series FACTS devices and focuses on modeling the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC). It provides details on: 1) The basic configuration of a TCSC, which consists of a series controlled capacitor shunted by a thyristor controlled reactor. 2) The three operating modes of a TCSC - thyristor blocked, thyristor bypassed, and vernier operation with phase control. 3) A mathematical model for calculating the overall reactance of a TCSC based on its delay angle and component reactances.

Uploaded by

rahul kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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74

Chapter-4
MODELING OF SERIES FACTS DEVICES

4.1

Introduction
Series FACTS devices are powerful controllers recognized for

power flow, power oscillation damping and improving transient


stability [22] [33]. Normally series FACTS devices are used for power
flow control in transmission lines and also used to damp the power
system oscillations. Because of slow response of proportional and
integral power flow (PIPF) controller series FACTS devices are not in a
position to effectively damp the power system oscillations [17]. It
needs some auxiliary signal to improve the performance of series
FACTS devices to damp the power system oscillations. In this work
fuzzy logic power oscillation damping (FLPOD) controller along with
PIPF controller is proposed to achieve this.
In this work most popular two series FACTS devices TCSC and SSSC
are considered

4.2

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)

4.2.1 Introduction
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) provides powerful
means of controlling and increasing power transfer level of a system
by varying the apparent impedance of a specific transmission line. A
TCSC can be utilized in a planned way for contingencies to enhance
power system stability. Using TCSC, it is possible to operate stably at

75

power levels well beyond those for which the system was originally
intended without endangering system stability [17]. Apart from this,
TCSC is also being used to mitigate SSR (sub synchronous
resonance).
4.2.2 Configuration
TCSC is a series compensating FACTS device using to control
power flow in transmission lines and improves transient stability in
power system. TCSC controls the power flow in transmission lines by
varying the impedance of TCSC by controlling the delay angle of
thyristor valves. The basic scheme of TCSC [5] [19] [33] is shown in
Fig. 4.1. It consists of the series controlled capacitor shunted by a
Thyristor controlled Reactor.
The impedance (XTCSC) of TCSC for different values of delay
angle () of thyristor valves is shown in Fig.4.2. The TCSC has two
operating ranges around its internal circuit resonance (r): One is the
Clim 180o Where XTCSC() is capacitive, and the other is the 90o
Llim where XTCSC() is inductive. The internal circuit resonance
depends on the ratio between Inductor and Capacitor reactance of
TCSC. Different ratios of reactance yield different resonance points (r)
[26].

Fig. 4.1

Basic scheme of TCSC

76

Fig.4.2.

XTCSC vs. characteristic of TCSC

4.2.3 Modes of operation


TCSC can operate in three modes [24]. They are
(i) Thyristor blocked (no gating and zero thyristor conduction) shown
in Fig.4.3 (a).
(ii) Thyristor

bypassed

(continuous

gating

and

full

thyristor

conduction) shown in Fig.4.3 (b).


(iii)Vernier operation with phase control of gating signals shown in
Fig.4.3(c) and 4.3(d).
In case of blocked operating mode, the TCSC net
impedance is just capacitive reactance.
In case of bypass mode, as the thyristors are fully
conducting, most of the line current flows through
thyristors and hence TCSC has small net inductive
reactance.

77

In Vernier control, thyristors are conducted in such a


manner that a controlled amount of inductive current can
circulate

through

the

capacitor,

thereby

increasing

effective capacitive/inductive reactance of the module.

Fig.4.3.

Modes of TCSC operation

4.2.4 TCSC model


The basic scheme of TCSC is shown in Figure 1. The overall
reactance of the TCSC is given in terms of delay angle () as [19]
XTCSC () = B1 (XC + B2) B4B5 + XC

-------------------- (4.1)

Where
B1 = [2( - ) + Sin 2( - )] / ,

--------------------(4.2)

B2 = XCXL / (XC - XL),

-------------------- (4.3)

B3 = (XC / XL),

-------------------- (4.4)

B4 = B3 tan [B3 ( - )] tan ( - ),

--------------------(4.5)

B5 = 4B22 Cos2 ( - )

--------------------(4.6)

XC = Reactance of TCSC capacitor = 1/(2fC)

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