This document provides an example of a modal analysis for a two-story building. Key steps include:
1) Defining the mass and stiffness matrices and determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes.
2) Verifying the orthogonality of the mode shapes.
3) Normalizing the first mode shape.
4) Using the response spectrum to estimate maximum base shear and moment considering 5% damping.
This document provides an example of a modal analysis for a two-story building. Key steps include:
1) Defining the mass and stiffness matrices and determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes.
2) Verifying the orthogonality of the mode shapes.
3) Normalizing the first mode shape.
4) Using the response spectrum to estimate maximum base shear and moment considering 5% damping.
This document provides an example of a modal analysis for a two-story building. Key steps include:
1) Defining the mass and stiffness matrices and determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes.
2) Verifying the orthogonality of the mode shapes.
3) Normalizing the first mode shape.
4) Using the response spectrum to estimate maximum base shear and moment considering 5% damping.
This document provides an example of a modal analysis for a two-story building. Key steps include:
1) Defining the mass and stiffness matrices and determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes.
2) Verifying the orthogonality of the mode shapes.
3) Normalizing the first mode shape.
4) Using the response spectrum to estimate maximum base shear and moment considering 5% damping.
Ahmed Elgamal Michael Fraser Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
Use: Esteel = 29,000 ksi Ic = 164.8 in4 h1 = 15 ft h2 = 12 ft m=
W lb 40 ft 30 ft lb s 2 kip s 2
= 30 2 = 93 . 17 = 0 . 09317 g ft 386.4 in s 2 in in
12EI EI 48EIc k column = 3 c k floor i = 412 3c = h 3i hi hi
40 ft
30 ft
Plan View
(a) For the two-story building shown above, define the two-degree-of-freedom free vibration matrix equation in terms of k and m. Using this matrix equation, determine the natural frequencies 1 and 2 (in terms of k and m). Using these expressions for 1 and 2, plug in numerical values and determine 1 and 2 in radians. For each natural frequency, define and sketch the corresponding mode shape. (b) Verify that the modes are orthogonal as expected. (c) Normalize the first mode such that 1Tm1 = 1.0 (d) Use the normalized first mode (from above) to verify that 1Tk1 = 12 (e) Use the El Centro Response Spectrum and a damping ratio of 5% to estimate the maximum base shear and moment. (f) Find a 0 and a 1 in c = a 0 m + a 1k for a viscous damping of 5% in modes 1 and 2.
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Ahmed Elgamal Michael Fraser Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
48 EI c 48(29000 ksi ) 164.8 in 4
k1 = = = 39.335 kip in h13 (180 in )3 k2 =
48 EI c 48(29000 ksi ) 164.8 in 4
= = 76.826 kip in h23 (144 in )3
m = 0.09317
kip s 2 in
Write the equation of motion in matrix form:
3m 0 u1 k1 + k 2 0 m u + k
2 2
k 2 u1 0 = k 2 u2 0
= 2u and rearrange to get
substitute in u
k1 + k 2 2 3m k 2 u1 0
= k 2 2 m u2 0 k2
Take the determinant and set equal to zero
k1 + k 2 2 3m k2 =0 k2 k2 2 m
3m 2 4 mk1 2 4mk 2 2 + k1k 2 = 0
substituting k1, k2, and m: 0.0260419467 4 - 32.2963556 2 + 3021.95071 = 0 Solving this quadratic equation for 2 yields
12 =
+ 32.2963556 1 043.05459 314.789917
0.0520838934
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Ahmed Elgamal Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
+ 32.2963556 + 1 043.05459 314.789917 22 = 0.0520838934 or, rad 2 = 101.95 2 s rad 2 22 = 1138 2 s 2 1
rad s rad 2 = 33.734 s
1 = 10.097
1 = 1.607 Hz 2
f 2 = 2 = 5.369 Hz 2
1 = 0.6223 Sec f1 1 T2 = = 0.1863 Sec f2
f1 =
T1 =
Determining 1st Mode Shape:
k1 + k 2 12 3m k 2 11 0 Plug k1, k2, m, and 1 = 10.097 rad/sec into = 2
k k m 2 2 1
21 0
39.335 + 76.826 10.097 2 (3 0.09317 )
11 0 76.826
= 76.826 76.826 10.097 2 (0.09317 ) 21 0
87.665 76.826 11 0 76.826 67.327 = 0
21
87.66511 76.82621 = 0 let 21 = 1 , then
87.66511 76.826(1) = 0
11 =
76.826 = 0.876 87.665
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Ahmed Elgamal Michael Fraser Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
0.876 = 11 =
21 1.000
Determining 2nd Mode Shape:
k + k 22 3m k 2 12 0 Plug k1, k2, m, and 2 = 33.734 rad/sec into 1 2 = k2 k 2 22 m 22 0
39.335 + 76.826 33.734 2 (3 0.09317 )
12 0 76.826
= 2 76.826 76.826 33.734 (0.09317 ) 22 0
201.917 76.826 12 0 76.826 29.200 = 0
22
201.91712 76.82622 = 0 let 22 = 1 , then
201.91712 76.826(1) = 0
12 =
76.826 = 0.380 201.917
0.380 = 12 =
22 1.000
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Ahmed Elgamal Michael Fraser Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example 30
30
22 = 1.000
25
25
20
20
height (ft)
height (ft)
21 = 1.000
15
11 = 0.876
12 = -0.380
15
10
10
0 0
0.5
-0.5
1.5
st
0.5
1.5
nd
1 Mode Shape
2 Mode Shape
(b) Verify that the modes are orthogonal as expected.
T T To verify that the modes are orthogonal, need to show that i m j = i k T 1m
T 1k
= 0 , for ij
0 0.380 (3)0.09317 2 0.380 = [0.876 1]
= 0 .024485 9.317 x10
=0
0 0.09317 1
39.335 + 76.826 76.826 0.380
0.380 = [0.876 1]
= [24.9310 9.5264] =0
76.826 1 76.826 1
T Can also show 2m
= T 2k
=0
(c) Normalize the first mode such that 1Tm1 = 1.0
T 1m
0 0.876 (3)0.09317 = [0.876 1]
= 0.30766 0 0.09317 1
Divide 1 by
0.30766 , therefore
1.5793 = 11 =
21 1.8029
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T Check: 1m
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
0 1.5793 (3)0.09317 = [1.5793 1.8029]
= 1.00 0 0.09317 1.8029
Ahmed Elgamal Michael Fraser ok
(d) Use the normalized first mode (from above) to verify that 1Tk1 = 12
T 1k
2 39.335 + 76.826 76.826 1.5793 rad 2 rad 2 = [1.5793 1.8029] = 1 = 101.950 2 = 10.097
76.826 1.8029 s s
76.826
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Ahmed Elgamal Michael Fraser Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
(e) Use the El Centro Response Spectrum and a damping ratio of 5% to estimate the maximum base shear and moment.
From Response Spectrum:
For T1 = 0.622 sec and = 5%, D1 = 2.8 in. and A1 = 0.8g = 309.12 in/s2 For T2 = 0.0.186 sec and = 5%, D2 = 0.31 in. and A2 = 0.9g = 347.76 in/s2 f jn =
Ln An m j jn Mn
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Ahmed Elgamal Michael Fraser Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
