Thirsty Concrete

Imagine a huge, concrete mixing truck parked atop a black, asphalt-looking parking lot
begins to unload a deluge of water, the stream hurtling towards the ground. But instead of pooling
into puddles, the water vanishes. The truck keeps unloading water at a relentless pace, spilling
over 1,000 gallons in a single minute, but the water never rests on the parking lot surface for
longer than a few seconds before disappearing.

Topmix Permeable, a type of concrete that helps filter rainwater. CREDIT: TARMAC

The parking lot is paved with a type of permeable concrete that can absorb 1,056 gallons
of water every 60 seconds. Unlike conventional concrete, it has a high void content of between
20-35%.
Permeable paving materials arent newarchitects

and urban designers have been using
the material for more than a decade to pave pedestrian areasbut

Topmix Permeable, a new
paving material created by British building materials manufacturer Tarmac, is one of the first
permeable pavements that has a practical application as concrete, meaning it could ostensibly hold
more weight than early permeable pavements used for low-weight pedestrian environments. And
since concrete is the second most-used product in the world, behind water, that opens up the
potential for Topmix to reshape the way that cities pave their surfacesand

deal with stormwater.

As the worlds population continues to shift from rural to urban areas, natural drainage
systems are being replaced with impermeable surfaces, mostly concrete that hinder the
environments ability to drain rainwater.
In a forest, for instance, somewhere between 80 and 90 percent of rainwater is absorbed
back into the groundin
urban areas, that absorption can fall to just 10 percent of rainwater.
Humans have dealt with this by creating their own system of infrastructurestormwater

drainage
systems and sewer systemsbut

much of this infrastructure is becoming increasingly outdated
and unable to keep up with an increase in precipitation events linked to climate change.
Permeable paving sources are extremely important. Otherwise, water gets concentrated
into systems that were designed in ways that are becoming increasingly expensive, Dana
Buntrock, an architecture professor at the University of California, Berkeley, told ThinkProgress.
The function of the pavement cant become blocked by dirt, because Topmix Permeable
has an average permeability rate of 36,000mm/hr. The minimum required permeability rates will
vary greatly according to local climate conditions, but as an approximate guide, the average
permeability required to cope with a 100-year storm event is 300mm/hr. As the permeability rate
of this material is so great, there would have to be an unrealistic amount of dirt applied to the
surface for the pavement to cease functioning effectively. It is recommended that permeable
paving must still be able to function effectively when blocked by up to 95%.
We wouldnt recommend to use Topmix Permeable in areas which are going to be used
for activities such as stockpiling sawdust or in areas where there will be heavy silt loads e.g.
large recycling centres but is suitable for most other applications.
These days, storms are breaking records

When extreme precipitation events overwhelm a citys available infrastructure, flash

floods become an increasingly damaging threat. In 2007, intense floods throughout the United

Kingdom caused some $4.8 billion in damagebut

only 12 percent of flooding incidents were
related to an overflow from rivers. The rest were caused by an overflow of surface water and
inadequate drainage.
These days, storms are breaking records, Buntrock said. With the volume of water
thats coming out of the sky, [dealing with stormwater] is going to be even more critical.
In the United States, many of the nations oldest sewage systems were built to combine
sewage with stormwater, sending the noxious mix out into whatever body of water was nearest for
draining. Beginning in the 20th century, engineers figured out that this wasnt the best way to deal
with sewage, and began installing treatment plants at the end of their combined lines, treating
stormwater and sewage together. But many of the countrys oldest citiesconcentrated

along the
East Coast, where heavy precipitation events have been increasing most noticeably over the past
50 yearsare

still saddled with a legacy of antiquated water systems that dump a mix of
stormwater and sewage into bodies of water during extreme rainfall events.
Beginning in the 1990s, Buntrock explained, the EPA began requiring cities to split new
systems, and began promoting ways to address old problems with existing systems. Some cities,
like Washington, D.C. and Minneapolis, have separated their old combined lines. Other cities, like
Chicago, have invested billions in new infrastructure meant to guard against heavy precipitation
events. But as the United States water infrastructure reaches a critical point in its life cycle, and
as climate change threatens to overwhelm existing stormwater drainage systems with increasingly
extreme precipitation events, architects see something like Tarmacs Topmix Permeable as an
intriguing solution.

A close-up of Topmix Permeable. CREDIT: Tarmac

Traditional impermeable concrete, usually sand-based, only needs to absorb 300

millimeters of water an hourjust

enough to safely handle a major storm event every 100
years, according to Tech Insider. But Topmix employs something called no-fines concretea

concrete that, instead of fine material like sand, is made of tiny pieces of crushed granite.
Composition: Ready-mixed concrete is a mixture of:
- A cementitious material which may be cement or a mixture of cement with an addition
(e.g. fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag or silica fume).
- Fine and coarse aggregate (granite).
- Water
- Admixtures or additives may be added to modify the properties of the fresh or hardened
concrete.
Pigments may be added to colour the product.
Surface skid resistance: It is therefore recommended for low speed applications, typically
less than 30 miles per hour. Additional care and consideration should be given for surface
material selection in areas of higher slip risk, such as slopes or where heavy breaking may occur.
Heavily trafficked areas: Even though Tarmacs TOPMIX PERMEABLE does not soften
in hot weather and is resistant to scuffing when tested in accordance with TRL Report 176
Appendix G, we would still recommend that an impermeable surface is used in areas exposed to
frequent tight turning circles and sections carrying very heavy traffic. Designs for these areas
would typically incorporate a full S/uDS (Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems) foundation with
an impermeable surfacing such as a traditional asphalt or concrete on the top. Run-off may be
into the adjoining fully pervious pavement or another drainage channel depending on the site.
The pervious foundation across the site acts as a reservoir and water can be dealt with in the
same way as a fully pervious pavement.
When rainwater falls on Topmix, it drains through the porous concrete and a base layer of
gravel, filtering out pollutants like motor oil in the process. Eventually, the rainwater percolates
down into the ground, recharging natural aquifers. In times of intense rainfall, the process helps
keep stormwater infrastructure from becoming overwhelmed by effectively acting as a reservoir
pulling

water out of the surface and into the ground, where it takes a while to seep back into the
environment naturally.
Depending on the area that is being paved, Topmix offers three different design options,
ranging from an option that allows all water to permeate back into the soil to an option that
includes an impermeable membrane that allows water to be captured and used for things like
irrigation or flushing toilets. If the ground isnt capable of absorbing large amounts of rainwater,

that water can simply be directed elsewherewhether

to a recycling system or into existing
infrastructure.
You wouldnt have to build a $3 billion tank if you were actually just trickling it into the
ground at the source, Buntrock said of the technologys potential appeal. Cities dont have a lot
of money for their infrastructure, and they dont want to spend it on things they dont have to.
Buntrock said that she envisioned a time when permeable surfaces are as common place as
low-flow toilets or low-wattage lightbulbsa
sustainable material made commonplace through
regulations.

At some point, governments that are really under pressure are going to say you cant pave with nonpermeable paving on this area
Part of what I find fascinating is the way regulations are constantly moving us into
innovating materials. Fire-resistant lumber comes about because were trying to reduce collective
disasters, she said. At some point, governments that are really under pressure are going to say
you cant pave with non-permeable paving on this area, because the sewer systems are under
stress.
But dont expect permeable concrete to become the default paving material just yetso

far, Topmix is only available in the United Kingdom, and the technology comes with its fair share
of contradictions. In the product literature, Tarmac warns against using Topmix to pave a heavily
trafficked areas, suggesting it might be more appropriate for places like parking lots and
driveways rather than highways. And although Tarmac claims the product has excellent freezemelt ability due to the amount of space between particles (allowing space for water to freeze),
its unclear how the material would hold up in really cold climates.
It also wouldnt offer much protection against sea level rise, which threatens to overrun
coastal cities infrastructure with more frequent floods.
That kind of technology is great for reducing rain-driven flooding and fluvial flooding
(from rivers), which is a big issue. But it wont make any difference to sea level rise, Kristina
Hill, an associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley, told ThinkProgress in an
email. Nearer to sea level, groundwater could actually come up as sea level rises, and there wont
be anywhere for the rainwater to go as it lands on that permeable pavement. The soil will already
be saturated.
While helping to prevent surface water flooding during storms, the concrete could also
help to make roads or cycle paths safer by preventing puddles that could pose a risk, according to
Tarmac.

It works by having a permeable layer of concrete on top that allows water to drain
through a matrix of relatively large pebbles into a loose base of rubble beneath. Drainage
channels incorporated into the rubble can help to increase the amount of water it can cope with.

The company says by adding drainage systems into the aggregate beneath the Topmix Permeable layer, it can increase
the amount of water it is able to absorb. A graphic showing how the system works is shown above

System A: Full infiltration with:

-Topmix Permeable from Lafarge Tarmac

-Pervious aggregate sub-base
-Undisturbed permeable soil

This system allows all water falling onto the pavement to permeate through the TOPMIX
PERMEABLE surface layer, pass through the lower pavement courses and into the sub-grade.
Some water may be retained within the pavement reservoir before permeating into the subgrade. Full infiltration systems do not discharge any additional water into traditional drainage
systems. Geotextiles may be incorporated into the system depending on the nature of the subgrade.

System B: Partial infiltration with: -Topmix Permeable from Lafarge Tarmac

-Pervious aggregate sub-base

-Dranage system
-Undisturbed permeable soil

This system is viable for locations where the underlying ground offers some level of
permeability and infiltration is acceptable. Within the sub-base layer outlet pipes are installed
that allow any excess water that cannot penetrate into the existing ground to be drained into
other drainage devices such as watercourses, swales or sewers.
This system is typically used where the sub-grade is not capable of draining all of the
water as a means of reducing the volume of run-off from the site. Geotextiles may be
incorporated into the system depending on the nature of the project.

System C: Full attenuation with:

-Topmix Permeable from Lafarge Tarmac

-Pervious aggregate sub-base
-Dranage system
-Impermeable membrane
-Undisturbed permeable soil

Use of this system is typically adopted where water recycling is desired, in areas where
water may be contaminated, or where the sub-grade is impermeable or becomes weak when
saturated. The system includes the installation of an impermeable membrane above the subgrade
and the provision of outlet pipes within the sub-base layer. Full attenuation allows water to be
captured and harvested for re-use in non-potable applications such as irrigation or flushing
toilets. Geotextiles may be incorporated into the system depending on the nature of the project.

These 3 designs can be used for a wide range of practical applications, including:
Low volume residential roads and parking lots
Pavements, bike and pedestrian pathways

 Patios
Tennis courts
Road shoulders
Swimming pool decks
Alleyways
Driveways
Greenhouse floors
Pavement edge drains and gutters
Hardstanding for sports facilities
Underneath permeable blocks for ground stabilisation.

Still, with climate change driving sea level rise and greater rain events, city planners,
engineers, and architects are starting to think more about water as they plan for the future.
In general, for a long time when we thought about environmental consequences in
buildings, water wasnt one of the big ones [that regulatory authorities] thought aboutwe

thought about fire, we thought about human health and air quality, Buntrock said. Water is
getting more attention now.

Source:
http://www.sciencealert.com/watch-this-new-thirsty-concrete-absorbs-4-000-litres-of-water-in-60seconds
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3243247/An-end-puddles-Bizarre-thirsty-concretesucks-hundreds-gallons-water-minute.html
http://www.tarmac.com/solutions/readymix/topmix-permeable/

Imaginai-v un
imens, camion de
amestec de beton
parcat pe varful
unui, aspect asfalt
lot de parcare negru
ncepe s se descarce un potop de ap, fluxul npusteau spre sol. Dar, n loc de punere n comun n bl i,
apa dispare. Camionul continu descrcarea de ap ntr-un ritm neobosit, deversnd peste 1.000 de
galoane ntr-un singur minut, dar apa nu se sprijin pe suprafaa de parcare mult mai mult de cteva
secunde nainte de a disprea.
Topmix Permeabil, un tip de beton, care ajut la filtru apa de ploaie. CREDIT: TARMAC
Lotul de parcare este pavat cu un tip de beton permeabil, care poate absorbi 1.056 litri de ap la fiecare 60
de secunde. Spre deosebire de beton convenional, are un coninut ridicat de goluri ntre 20-35%.
Materiale de pavaj nu sunt noi permeabili - arhitec i i designeri din mediul urban au fost folosind
materialul de mai mult de un deceniu pentru a deschide zonele pietonale - dar Topmix permeabila, un nou
material creat de pavaj britanic productor de materiale de construc ii Tarmac, este una dintre primele
pavaje permeabile care are o aplicabilitate practic ca betonul, ceea ce nseamn c ar putea de ine n mod

ostentativ n greutate mai mult dect pavaje permeabile timpurie utilizate pentru medii de pietoni cu
emisii reduse de greutate. i, din moment ce betonul este cel de-al doilea produs cel mai utilizat n lume,
n spatele ap, care deschide potenialul pentru Topmix de a remodela modul n care ora ele s deschid
suprafeele lor - i de a face cu apa meteorica.
n timp ce populaia lumii continu s se mute din zonele rurale ctre zonele urbane, sistemele de drenaj
naturale sunt nlocuite cu suprafee impermeabile, cea mai mare parte din beton care mpiedic
capacitatea mediului de a se scurge apa de ploaie.
ntr-o pdure, de exemplu, undeva intre 80 si 90 la suta din apa de ploaie este absorbit napoi n pmnt n zonele urbane, c absorbia poate scdea pn la doar 10 la suta din apa de ploaie. Oamenii s-au ocupat
de acest lucru prin crearea propriului lor sistem de infrastructur - sisteme de drenare a apelor pluviale i
a sistemelor de canalizare - dar o mare parte din aceast infrastructur devine din ce n ce mai dep ite i
n imposibilitatea de a ine pasul cu creterea numrului de fenomene de precipita ii legate de schimbrile
climatice.
"Sursele de pavare permeabila sunt extrem de importante. n caz contrar, apa se concentreaz n sisteme
care au fost proiectate n moduri care devin din ce n ce mai scumpe ", Dana Buntrock, profesor de
arhitectur la Universitatea din California, Berkeley, a declarat ThinkProgress.
Funcia trotuar nu poate deveni blocate de murdrie, deoarece Topmix permeabila are o rat medie de
permeabilitate de 36,000mm / or. Ratele minime cerute de permeabilitate vor varia foarte mult n func ie
de condiiile climatice locale, ci ca un ghid aproximative, permeabilitatea medie necesar pentru a face
fa unei furtuni de 100 de ani, este de 300mm / or. Pe msur ce rata de permeabilitate a acestui
material este att de mare, ar trebui s fie o cantitate nerealist de murdrie aplicat pe suprafa a de trotuar
s nu mai funcioneze n mod eficient. Se recomand ca pavajul permeabil trebuie s fie n continuare n
msur s funcioneze eficient atunci cnd blocat de pn la 95%.
Nu recomandm s utilizai Topmix permeabila n zonele care urmeaz a fi utilizate pentru activit i, cum
ar fi stocarea rumegu sau n zonele n care vor fi ncrcturi grele, de exemplu, nmol centre de reciclare
mari, dar este potrivit pentru cele mai multe alte aplicaii.
Aceste zile, furtuni sunt de rupere de nregistrri

Atunci cnd evenimentele de precipitaii extreme cople easc disponibile infrastructura unui ora , viituri
devin o ameninare din ce n ce duntoare. n 2007, inundaiile intense pe ntreg teritoriul Regatului Unit
a provocat unele 4.8 miliarde $ n daune - dar numai 12 la suta din incidente de inunda ii au fost legate de
un exces de ruri. Restul au fost cauzate de un exces de ap de suprafa i de drenaj inadecvate.
"Aceste zile, furtuni sunt de rupere recorduri", a spus Buntrock. "Cu volumul de ap care iese din cer,
[care se ocup cu apele pluviale] va fi chiar mai critic."
In Statele Unite, multe dintre cele mai vechi sisteme de canalizare a na iunii au fost construite pentru a se
combina cu canalizare a apelor pluviale, trimiterea amestecului nociv afar, n orice corp de ap a fost cel
mai apropiat de drenaj. ncepnd cu secolul 20, ingineri a dat seama c acest lucru nu a fost cel mai bun
mod de a face cu canalizare, i a nceput instalarea sta iilor de epurare a la sfr itul liniilor lor combinate,
tratarea apelor pluviale i de canalizare mpreun. Dar multe dintre cele mai vechi ora e ale rii concentrate de-a lungul Coastei de Est, n cazul n care evenimentele precipita ii abundente au crescut cel
mai mult n mod semnificativ n ultimii 50 de ani - sunt nc mpovrate cu o mo tenire a sistemelor de

ap demodate, care cupa basculanta un amestec de apa pluviala si canalizare in corpurile de ap n timpul
evenimentelor de precipitaii extreme.
ncepnd cu anii 1990, Buntrock a explicat, EPA a nceput s cear ora elor s mpr i sisteme noi, i a
nceput s promoveze metode de a aborda problemele vechi cu sistemele existente. Unele ora e, cum ar fi
Washington, D.C. i Minneapolis, s-au separat liniile lor combinate vechi. Alte ora e, cum ar fi Chicago,
s-au investit miliarde n noi infrastructuri de paza mpotriva evenimentelor de precipita ii abundente. Dar,
ca i infrastructura de ap Statele Unite ajunge la un punct critic n ciclul su de via , i ca schimbrile
climatice amenin s copleeasc sistemele de drenaj existente, cu apele pluviale, evenimente de
precipitaii extreme din ce n ce, arhitecti vezi ceva de genul Tarmac lui Topmix permeabila ca o solu ie
intrigant.
O close-up de Topmix Permeabil. CREDIT: Tarmac
beton impermeabil tradiional, de obicei, pe baz de nisip, trebuie doar s absoarb 300 de milimetri de
ap pe or - doar suficient s se ocupe n condi ii de siguran un eveniment major de furtun la fiecare
100 de ani, n conformitate cu Tech Insider. Dar, Topmix foloseste ceva numit neprezentri amenzi din
beton - un beton care, n loc de material "fin", cum ar fi nisipul, este realizat din buc i mici de granit
zdrobit.
Compoziie: beton gata amestecat este un amestec de:
- Un material pe baz de ciment, care poate fi ciment sau un amestec de ciment cu adaos (de exemplu,
cenua zburtoare, sol granulat zgur de furnal sau fum de silice).
- Fin i agregat grosier (granit).
- Apa
- Aditivi sau aditivi pot fi adugai pentru a modifica propriet ile betonului proaspt sau ntrit.
Pigmenii pot fi adugate pentru a colora produsul.
rezisten la derapare de suprafa: De aceea este recomandat pentru aplica ii de vitez redus, n mod
tipic mai puin de 30 de mile pe or. ngrijire suplimentar i trebuie luat n considerare pentru selectarea
materialului de suprafa n zonele cu risc de alunecare mai mare, cum ar fi pante sau n cazul n care se
pot produce rupere grele.
zonele puternic traficate: Chiar dac Tarmac lui TOPMIX permeabil nu se nmoaie n vreme cald i este
rezistent la gripare atunci cnd este testat n conformitate cu TRL Raport de 176 Anexa G, ne-ar
recomanda, totui, c o suprafa impermeabil este utilizat n zonele expuse la frecvente cercuri de
cotitur strnse i seciuni care transport trafic foarte grele. Modele pentru aceste domenii ar ncorpora n
mod tipic o fundaie S complet / UDS (Sisteme de drenaj urbane durabile), cu suprafe e ale impermeabil,
cum ar fi asfalt tradiional sau beton de pe partea de sus. Run-off poate fi n trotuar nvecinat complet
permeabila sau a unui alt canal de drenaj n funcie de site. Funda ia permeabila peste site-ul actioneaza
ca un rezervor de ap i pot fi tratate n acela i mod ca i un pavaj complet permeabila.
Atunci cnd apa de ploaie cade pe Topmix, se scurge prin beton poros i un strat de baz de pietri ,
filtrarea poluanilor, cum ar fi uleiul de motor n proces. n cele din urm, apa de ploaie infiltreaz n jos
n pmnt, rencrcarea acvifere naturale. n vremuri de precipita ii abundente, procesul ajuta la
mentinerea infrastructurii apelor pluviale de a deveni cople i i de ac ionnd eficient ca un rezervor -

trgnd apa din suprafa i n sol, n cazul n care este nevoie de un timp s se infiltreze napoi n mediul
nconjurtor n mod natural.
In functie de zona pe care este pavat, Topmix ofer trei opiuni de design diferite, variind de la o op iune
care permite toat apa s ptrund napoi n sol la o op iune care include o membran impermeabil, care
permite apei s fie captat i folosit pentru lucruri cum ar fi irigarea sau nro irea fe ei toalete. n cazul n
care solul nu este capabil s absoarb cantiti mari de ap de ploaie, apa poate fi pur i simplu ndreptate
n alt direcie - dac ntr-un sistem de reciclare sau n infrastructura existent.
"Nu ar trebui s construiasc un rezervor de 3 miliarde $ n cazul n care au fost de fapt doar se scurge n
pmnt la surs", a declarat Buntrock potenialului recurs tehnologiei de. "Ora ele nu au o mul ime de
bani pentru infrastructura lor, i nu doresc s-l cheltui pe lucruri care nu trebuie."
Buntrock a spus c ea a imaginat un moment n care suprafeele permeabile sunt plasate la fel de comune
ca i toalete cu flux redus sau becuri cu emisii reduse de putere mai - un material durabil fcut un lucru
obinuit prin reglementri.
La un moment dat, guvernele care sunt ntr-adevr sub presiune vor spune ca nu poate deschide cu
pavarea non-permeabile la acest domeniu
"O parte din ceea ce mi se pare fascinant este modul n care reglementrile ne se deplaseaz n mod
constant n materiale inovatoare. cherestea rezistente la foc vine pe cale, deoarece ncercm s reduc
dezastre colective ", a spus ea. "La un moment dat, guvernele care sunt ntr-adevr sub presiune vor spune
ca nu poate deschide cu pavarea non-permeabile pe aceast zon, deoarece sistemele de canalizare sunt
sub stres."
Dar nu se asteapta beton permeabil pentru a deveni implicit un material de pavaj doar nc - pn n
prezent, Topmix este disponibil numai n Regatul Unit, iar tehnologia vine cu partea sa de contradic ii. n
literatura de produs, Tarmac avertizeaz mpotriva utilizrii Topmix pentru a deschide zone de trafic
intens, ceea ce sugereaz c ar putea fi mai potrivite pentru locuri ca loturi de parcare i drumurile de
acces, mai degrab dect autostrzi. i, de i Tarmac susine c produsul are "excelent prin congelare prin
topire" capacitate din cauza cantitii de spa iu ntre particule (care permit spa iu pentru apa s nghe e),
este neclar modul n care materialul ar rezista n zonele cu clim foarte rece.
De asemenea, nu s-ar oferi mult protecie mpotriva cre terii nivelului mrii, care amenin s npdit
infrastructura oraelor de coast cu inundaii mai frecvente.
"Acest tip de tehnologie este mare pentru reducerea inunda iilor determinate de ploi i inunda ii fluvial
(de ruri), care este o mare problem. Dar nu va face nici o diferen la cre terea nivelului mrii, "Kristina
Hill, profesor asociat la Universitatea din California, Berkeley, a declarat ThinkProgress ntr-un e-mail.
"Aproape de nivelul marii, a apelor subterane ar putea veni de fapt ca nivelul mrii se ridic, i nu vor fi
oriunde pentru apa de ploaie pentru a merge deoarece terenurile pe care trotuar permeabile. Solul va fi
deja saturate. "
n timp ce ajuta la prevenirea inundaiilor apelor de suprafa n timpul furtunilor, betonul ar putea ajuta,
de asemenea, s fac drumuri sau piste pentru biciclete sigure prin prevenirea bltoace care ar putea
prezenta un risc, potrivit Tarmac.
Acesta acioneaz printr-un strat permeabil de beton deasupra, care permite apei s se scurg printr-o
matrice de pietricele relativ mari, ntr-o baz n vrac de moloz dedesubt. Canale de drenaj ncorporate n
moloz poate contribui la creterea cantitii de ap se poate face fata.

Compania spune ca prin adaugarea de sisteme de drenaj n agregatul de sub stratul Permeabil Topmix,
aceasta poate crete cantitatea de ap este capabil s absoarb. O demonstra ie grafic modul n care
funcioneaz este prezentat mai sus, sistemul
Acest sistem permite toat apa care cad pe trotuar s ptrund prin stratul de suprafa permeabil
TOPMIX, trece prin cursurile de pavaj inferioare i n sub-clasa. Ap pot fi re inute n rezervor nainte de
a pavajului ptrunznd n sub-clasa. Sisteme complete de infiltrare nu evacueaz apa suplimentar n
sistemele de drenaj tradiionale. Geotextile pot fi ncorporate n sistem, n func ie de natura sub-clasa.
Acest sistem este viabil pentru locaiile unde terenul care stau la baza ofera un anumit nivel de
permeabilitate i de infiltrare este acceptabil. n stratul de sub-baz evi de evacuare sunt instalate, care
permit orice exces de ap, care nu pot ptrunde n sol existente, care urmeaz s fie drenat n alte
dispozitive de drenaj, cum ar fi cursuri de ap, Swales sau sistemul de canalizare.
Folosirea acestui sistem este adoptat n mod obinuit n cazul n care se dore te de reciclare a apei, n
zonele n care apa poate fi contaminate, sau n cazul n care sub-grad este impermeabil sau devine slab
atunci cnd saturate. Sistemul include instalarea unei membrane impermeabile deasupra subgrade i
furnizarea de evi de evacuare n stratul de sub-baz. Atenuarea deplin permite apei s fie capturat i
recoltate pentru reutilizare n aplicaii nepotabila, cum ar fi irigarea sau toalete nro irea fe ei. Geotextile
pot fi ncorporate n sistem, n funcie de natura proiectului.Aceste 3 modele pot fi folosite pentru o gam
larg de aplicaii practice, inclusiv: Volumul redus de drumuri reziden iale i locuri de parcare
ci pavaje, i biciclete pentru pietoni Patios Terenuri de tenis acostamentelor
punile piscina n aer Aleile driveways pardoseli cu efect de ser
Scurgere de margine Pavaje i jgheaburi Hardstanding pentru instala ii sportive
Blocuri de Dedesubt permeabile pentru stabilizarea solului.Cu toate acestea, cu schimbrile climatice,
de conducere creterea nivelului mrii i evenimente de ploaie mai mare, urbani tilor, ingineri, arhitec i i
ncep s se gndeasc mai mult la ap ca ei plan pentru viitor.
"n general, pentru o lung perioad de timp, cnd ne-am gndit la consecin e asupra mediului n cldiri,
apa nu a fost una dintre cele mari [c autorit ile de reglementare] gndit - ne-am gndit la foc, ne-am
gndit la sntatea uman i calitatea aerului," Buntrock a spus. "Apa devine din ce mai mult aten ie
acum."