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    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Ella Ramiso
    This document summarizes research on producing tea from the tawa-tawa plant. Tawa-tawa leaves have traditionally been used to treat dengue fever in the Philippines. The document outlines a study where tawa-tawa leaf extract was found to increase platelet counts in animal models by 47% and reduce bleeding time by 62%. The document then describes the process used to make tawa-tawa tea, which involves picking, drying, cutting the leaves and extracting compounds from the leaves using ethyl acetate and column chromatography. The abundant availability of tawa-tawa plants provides an opportunity for a booming herbal medicine market with more affordable alternatives to synthetic medications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Ella Ramiso
    52 views5 pages
    This document summarizes research on producing tea from the tawa-tawa plant. Tawa-tawa leaves have traditionally been used to treat dengue fever in the Philippines. The document outlines a study where tawa-tawa leaf extract was found to increase platelet counts in animal models by 47% and reduce bleeding time by 62%. The document then describes the process used to make tawa-tawa tea, which involves picking, drying, cutting the leaves and extracting compounds from the leaves using ethyl acetate and column chromatography. The abundant availability of tawa-tawa plants provides an opportunity for a booming herbal medicine market with more affordable alternatives to synthetic medications.

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    This document summarizes research on producing tea from the tawa-tawa plant. Tawa-tawa leaves have traditionally been used to treat dengue fever in the Philippines. The document outlines a study where tawa-tawa leaf extract was found to increase platelet counts in animal models by 47% and reduce bleeding time by 62%. The document then describes the process used to make tawa-tawa tea, which involves picking, drying, cutting the leaves and extracting compounds from the leaves using ethyl acetate and column chromatography. The abundant availability of tawa-tawa plants provides an opportunity for a booming herbal medicine market with more affordable alternatives to synthetic medications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    52 views5 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Ella Ramiso
    This document summarizes research on producing tea from the tawa-tawa plant. Tawa-tawa leaves have traditionally been used to treat dengue fever in the Philippines. The document outlines a study where tawa-tawa leaf extract was found to increase platelet counts in animal models by 47% and reduce bleeding time by 62%. The document then describes the process used to make tawa-tawa tea, which involves picking, drying, cutting the leaves and extracting compounds from the leaves using ethyl acetate and column chromatography. The abundant availability of tawa-tawa plants provides an opportunity for a booming herbal medicine market with more affordable alternatives to synthetic medications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Production of Coffee Liqueur from Spent Coffee Ground (SCG)

    Chapter 1
    Introduction
    Spent coffee ground (SCG) is the main residue generated during the production of
    instant coffee by thermal water extraction from roasted coffee beans. This waste is
    composed mainly of polysaccharides such as cellulose and galactomannans that are
    not solubilized during the extraction process, thus remaining as unextractable,
    insoluble solids. In this context, the application of an enzyme cocktail (mannanase,
    endoglucanase, exoglucanase, xylanase and pectinase) with more than one
    component that acts synergistically with each other is regarded as a promising
    strategy to solubilise/hydrolyse remaining solids, either to increase the soluble solids
    yield of instant coffee or for use as raw material in the production of bioethanol and
    food additives (mannitol). Wild fungi were isolated from both SCG and coffee beans
    and screened for enzyme production. The enzymes produced from the selected wild
    fungi and recombinant fungi were then evaluated for enzymatic hydrolysis of SCG, in
    comparison to commercial enzyme preparations. Out of the enzymes evaluated on
    SCG, the application of mannanase enzymes gave better yields than when only
    cellulase or xylanase was utilised for hydrolysis. The recombinant mannanase
    (Man1) provided the highest increments in soluble solids yield (17 %), even when
    compared with commercial preparations at the same protein concentration (0.5 mg/g
    SCG). The combination of Man1 with other enzyme activities revealed an additive
    effect on the hydrolysis yield, but not synergistic interaction, suggesting that the
    highest soluble solid yields was mainly due to the hydrolysis action of mannanase.

    INTRODUCTION Two of many people's favorite drinks: coffee and alcohol. It is their way of relaxing themselves
    from thinking so many things. For coffee, two raw materials are used, Coffee bean and coffee ground. Coffee is a
    brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. It is slightly acidic and can have a stimulating effect on humans
    because of its caffeine content and also one of the most popular drinks in the world. Coffee has been for decades
    the most commercialized food product and most widely consumed beverage in the world. Since the opening of
    the first coffee house in Mecca at the end of the fifteenth century, coffee consumption has greatly increased all
    around the world. Researchers have found a way to turn used coffee grounds into an alcoholic beverages. In
    recent years, the industry of distilled spirits has put out a call for new beverages with different flavors created from
    unusual raw materials. To answer this call, some scientist examined the potential of used coffee grounds.

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235717627_Enzymatic_Hydrolysis_of_Spe
    nt_Coffee_Ground
    (2 "Don't Throw Out Your Leftover Coffee Grounds!". Huffington Post. 4 August 2014.
    Retrieved 25 December 2014.
    3Jump up ^ Martin, Deborah L; Gershuny, Grace, eds. (1992). "Coffee wastes". The
    Rodale book of composting. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-87857991-4. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
    4Jump up ^ "NORTH COAST GARDENING: Winter vegetable growing". Eureka
    Times-Standard. 24 December 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
    5Jump up ^ "Coffee for Your Plants? Starbucks Offers Free Coffee Grounds for
    Gardeners". Starbucks.com. Retrieved December 13, 2015.

    6Jump up ^ "About Us | Coffee Grounds to Ground". Groundtoground.org. Retrieved


    October 26, 2011.
    7Jump up ^ Chalker-Scott, Ph.D, Linda (2009). "Coffee grounds will they perk up
    plants?" (PDF). Master Gardener. Puyallup Research and Extension Center,
    Washington State University. Retrieved 25 December 2014.)

    Production of Tawa-Tawa Tea from Tawa-Tawa Leaves


    Chapter 1
    Introduction
    Tawa-tawa (Euphorbia hirta), also known as mangagaw, is a hairy herb grown in
    open grasslands, roadsides and pathways. It is considered one of the most popular
    folkloric treatment for dengue in the Philippines. Tawa-tawa doesnt just totally cure
    the epidemic disease but it also helps prevent or delay the effects of dengue wherein
    it increases the platelet count of the patients blood.
    This weed can grow up to 60 cm long with a hairy stem which produces plentiful
    latex. The leaves are hairy and elliptical with slender dentate margin. The plant has
    many flowers about 5 to 8 centimeters found in axillary cymes at each leaf note. The
    fruit is a capsule with three valves and produces tiny, oblong, four-sided red seeds. It
    has a white or brown main root.
    Chemical constituents are responsible for its medicinal properties: gallic acid,
    quercetin and a phenolic substance C 28H18O15. In other countries like Indonesia this
    plant can be made as paste of pseudoball that is put on source or applied to
    stomach to expel worms and malignant tumors. The plant can be boiled and drank to
    expel worms and it can be eaten to cure the dysentery.
    A study conducted by the students of University of Santo Tomas using animal
    models that they found a phenolic compounds in tawa-tawa, an active ingredients

    that are suspected to be responsible in the increased platelet count of the tested
    animals.
    Results showed that its platelet counts increased by 47%. The bleeding time was
    reduced up to 62% while the blood clotting time decreased to 58%.
    Tawa-tawa plants are picked, washed, air dried, cut and place in a closed container.
    Ethyl acetate is used in the percolation process of the leaves for one week. The
    extract is concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The crude extract is purified by
    column chromatography and subjected to several tests.
    The abundance of tawa-tawa plants paved the way unto the booming market of
    herbal medicine. In addition, these herbal medicines are much more affordable than
    the synthetic ones.

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