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    Basic Research - Wikipedia

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    Basic research, also called pure or fundamental research, aims to improve scientific theories and understanding of natural phenomena through exploratory studies. It generates new ideas and principles that form the basis for progress across fields, even if applications are not immediately obvious. While often curiosity-driven, basic research supports applied science and innovation. Applied research then uses theories to develop technologies or techniques to alter phenomena. The two areas frequently coordinate in research and development efforts.

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    Basic Research - Wikipedia

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    Basic research, also called pure or fundamental research, aims to improve scientific theories and understanding of natural phenomena through exploratory studies. It generates new ideas and principles that form the basis for progress across fields, even if applications are not immediately obvious. While often curiosity-driven, basic research supports applied science and innovation. Applied research then uses theories to develop technologies or techniques to alter phenomena. The two areas frequently coordinate in research and development efforts.

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    Basic research, also called pure or fundamental research, aims to improve scientific theories and understanding of natural phenomena through exploratory studies. It generates new ideas and principles that form the basis for progress across fields, even if applications are not immediately obvious. While often curiosity-driven, basic research supports applied science and innovation. Applied research then uses theories to develop technologies or techniques to alter phenomena. The two areas frequently coordinate in research and development efforts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    201 views2 pages

    Basic Research - Wikipedia

    Uploaded by

    xaviigta
    Basic research, also called pure or fundamental research, aims to improve scientific theories and understanding of natural phenomena through exploratory studies. It generates new ideas and principles that form the basis for progress across fields, even if applications are not immediately obvious. While often curiosity-driven, basic research supports applied science and innovation. Applied research then uses theories to develop technologies or techniques to alter phenomena. The two areas frequently coordinate in research and development efforts.

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    Basicresearch

    FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    Basicresearch,alsocalledpureresearchorfundamentalresearch,isscientificresearchaimedtoimprove
    scientifictheoriesforimprovedunderstandingorpredictionofnaturalorotherphenomena.[1]Appliedresearch,in
    turn,usesscientifictheoriestodeveloptechnologyortechniquestointerveneandalternaturalorother
    phenomena.Thoughoftendrivenbycuriosity,[2]basicresearchfuelsappliedscience'sinnovations.[3]Thetwoaims
    areoftencoordinatedinresearchanddevelopment.
    Althoughmanydiscoverieshavebeenserendipitous,[2]discoverysciencespecificallyseeksdiscoveries,and,along
    withtheoreticalscienceandexperimentalscience,isnowkeytobasicresearchandissometimesexpressly
    planned.[4]

    Contents
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6

    Overview
    Basicversusappliedscience
    Physics
    Seealso
    References
    Furtherreading

    Overview
    Basicresearchadvancesfundamentalknowledgeabouttheworld.Itfocusesonrefutingorsupportingtheoriesthat
    explainobservedphenomena.Pureresearchisthesourceofmostnewscientificideasandwaysofthinkingabout
    theworld.Itcanbeexploratory,descriptive,orexplanatoryhowever,explanatoryresearchisthemostcommon.[5]
    Basicresearchgeneratesnewideas,principles,andtheories,whichmaynotbeimmediatelyutilizedbut
    nonethelessformthebasisofprogressanddevelopmentindifferentfields.Today'scomputers,forexample,could
    notexistwithoutresearchinpuremathematicsconductedoveracenturyago,forwhichtherewasnoknown
    practicalapplicationatthetime.Basicresearchrarelyhelpspractitionersdirectlywiththeireverydayconcerns
    nevertheless,itstimulatesnewwaysofthinkingthathavethepotentialtorevolutionizeanddramaticallyimprove
    howpractitionersdealwithaprobleminthefuture.[5]
    IntheUnitedStates,basicresearchisfundedmainlybyfederalgovernmentanddonemainlyatuniversitiesand
    institutes.[6]Asgovernmentfundinghasdiminishedinthe2010s,however,privatefundingisincreasingly
    important.[7]

    Basicversusappliedscience
    Appliedsciencefocusesonthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtechniques.Incontrast,basicsciencedevelops
    scientificknowledgeandpredictions,principallyinnaturalsciencesbutalsoinotherempiricalsciences,whichare
    usedasthescientificfoundationforappliedscience.Basicsciencedevelopsandestablishesinformationtopredict
    phenomenaandperhapstounderstandnature,whereasappliedscienceusesportionsofbasicsciencetodevelop

    interventionsviatechnologyortechniquetoaltereventsoroutcomes.[8][9]Appliedandbasicsciencescaninterface
    closelyinresearchanddevelopment.[10][11]Theinterfacebetweenbasicresearchandappliedresearchhasbeen
    studiedbytheNationalScienceFoundation.Theyconductedastudywheretheyfollowedkeyeventsthatoccurred
    inbasicscientificresearchwhichledtomajorinnovations(i.e.oralcontraceptives,videotaperecorders).Their
    studyfoundthatbasicresearchplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentinalloftheinnovations.Thenumberofbasic
    scienceresearchthatassistedintheproductionofinnovationpeakedbetweenthe20and30yearmarkbehindthe
    innovationitself.Whileinnovationoccursprimarilyintheprivatesectorunderthetitleappliedscience,inalmost
    allcasesbasicscienceresearchwasanecessaryprecursor.Roughly76%ofbasicresearchisconductedby
    Universities.[12]
    Adistinctioncanbemadebetweenbasicscienceanddisciplinessuchasmedicineandtechnology.[8][9][13][14][15]
    TheycanbegroupedasSTM(science,technology&medicine)orSTS(science,technology&society).These
    groupsareinterrelatedandinfluenceeachother,[16][17][18][19][20]althoughtheymaydifferinthespecificssuchas
    methodsandstandards.[9][13][20][21]
    TheNobelPrizemixesbasicwithappliedsciencesforitsawardinPhysiologyorMedicine.Incontrast,theRoyal
    SocietyofLondonawardsdistinguishnaturalsciencefromappliedscience.[22]

    Physics
    "Basicscience"or"fundamentalscience"mayalsorefertophysics.Inphilosophyofscience,thebranchesof
    scienceareoftendescribedsuchthatfundamentalphysicsisthefoundationunderlyingtheothers,calledspecial
    sciences,thatrestuponandinprinciplearederivablefromandreducibletofundamentalphysics.[23][24][25]Ina
    conceivedunityofscience,thespecialsciencesinvestigatedomainswhoseentitiesandlawsemergefromthe
    domainoftheidealizedfundamentalphysics.[26]Basicsciencemayalsobeusedtorefertothenaturalsciencesin
    general,ascomparedtothesocialsciencesandappliedsciences.[9][10][13][16][17][18]
    Whereasfundamentalphysicsseekslawsofuniversalregularity,specialsciencesusuallyincludeceterisparibus
    laws,predictivelyaccuratetohighprobabilityin"normalconditions"orwith"allelseequal",buthaving
    exceptions.[24]Althoughexceptionless,chemistry'slawswerepresumablyreducedtofundamentalphysicsto
    quantummechanicsandthenquantumelectrodynamics[27][28]andsochemistry,presumedtoemerge,isaspecial
    science.[26]Bridgingphysicalsciencestobiologicalsciencesviabiochemistry,andinfluencingsciencesgenerally,
    chemistryhasbeenviewedasthecentralscience.[29][30]

    Seealso
    Blueskiesresearch
    Hardandsoftscience
    Normativescience
    Puremathematics

    References
    1."Whatisbasicresearch?"(PDF).NationalScienceFoundation.Retrieved20140531.
    2."Curiositycreatescures:Thevalueandimpactofbasicresearch(http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Education/factsheet_Curiosit
    yCreatesCures.htm)Archived(https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130308/http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Education/factshe
    et_CuriosityCreatesCures.htm)October20,2013,attheWaybackMachine.,NationalInstituteofGeneralMedical
    Sciences,NationalInstitutesofHealth.

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