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Chap015 - Scheduling

This document discusses scheduling in operations management. It defines scheduling as establishing the timing of equipment, facilities, and human activities in an organization. Effective scheduling can yield cost savings and increases in productivity. The document then covers scheduling for high-volume, intermediate-volume, and low-volume systems. It discusses sequencing and priority rules for low-volume job shop scheduling and provides an example comparing scheduling rules. The document also covers two work center sequencing using Johnson's Rule and discusses difficulties in scheduling.

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spchheda4996
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148 views22 pages

Chap015 - Scheduling

This document discusses scheduling in operations management. It defines scheduling as establishing the timing of equipment, facilities, and human activities in an organization. Effective scheduling can yield cost savings and increases in productivity. The document then covers scheduling for high-volume, intermediate-volume, and low-volume systems. It discusses sequencing and priority rules for low-volume job shop scheduling and provides an example comparing scheduling rules. The document also covers two work center sequencing using Johnson's Rule and discusses difficulties in scheduling.

Uploaded by

spchheda4996
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

15-1 Scheduling

Operations Management

William J. Stevenson

8th edition
S P CHHEDA & CO
15-2 Scheduling

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-3 Scheduling

Scheduling
 Scheduling: Establishing the timing of
the use of equipment, facilities and
human activities in an organization
 Effective scheduling can yield
 Cost savings
 Increases in productivity

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-4 Scheduling

High-Volume Systems
 Flow system: High-volume system with
Standardized equipment and activities
 Flow-shop scheduling: Scheduling for high-
volume flow system

Work Center #1 Work Center #2 Output

S P CHHEDA & CO
Scheduling Manufacturing
15-5 Scheduling

Operations
High-volume JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
Build A
Intermediate- A Done
volume Build B

Low-volume B Done

Build C
Service C Done
operations Build D
On time!

Ship

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-6 Scheduling

High-Volume Success Factors


 Process and product design
 Preventive maintenance
 Rapid repair when breakdown occurs
 Optimal product mixes
 Minimization of quality problems
 Reliability and timing of supplies

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-7 Scheduling

Intermediate-Volume Systems
 Outputs are between standardized high-
volume systems and made-to-order job
shops
 Run size, timing, and sequence of jobs
 Economic run size:

2DS p
Q0 
H p u

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-8 Scheduling

Scheduling Low-Volume Systems


 Loading - assignment of jobs to
process centers
 Sequencing - determining the order
in which jobs will be processed
 Job-shop scheduling
 Scheduling for low-volume
systems with many
variations
in requirements

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-9 Scheduling

Gantt Load Chart


Figure 15.2

 Gantt chart - used as a visual aid for


loading and scheduling
Work Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri.
Center
1 Job 3 Job 4
2 Job 3 Job 7
3 Job 1 Job 6 Job 7
4 Job 10

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-10 Scheduling

Loading
 Infinite loading
 Finite loading
 Vertical loading
 Horizontal loading
 Forward scheduling
 Backward scheduling
 Schedule chart

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-11 Scheduling

Sequencing

 Sequencing: Determine the order in


which jobs at a work center will be
processed.

 Workstation: An area where one person


works, usually with special equipment,
on a specialized job.

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-12 Scheduling

Sequencing

 Priority rules: Simple heuristics


used to select the order in
which jobs will be processed. Everything is
#1 Priority

 Job time: Time needed for


setup and processing of a job.

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-13 Scheduling

Priority Rules
Table 15.2

 FCFS - first come, first served


 SPT - shortest processing time
 EDD - earliest due date
 CR - critical ratio
 S/O - slack per operation
 Rush - emergency
Top Priority

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-14 Scheduling

Example 2
Table 15.4
Average
Average Average Number of
Flow Time Tardiness Jobs at the
Rule (days) (days) Work Center
FCFS 20.00 9.00 2.93
SPT 18.00 6.67 2.63
EDD 18.33 6.33 2.68
CR 22.17 9.67 3.24

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-15 Scheduling

Two Work Center Sequencing


 Johnson’s Rule: technique for minimizing
completion time for a group of jobs to be
processed on two machines or at two work
centers.
 Minimizes total idle time
 Several conditions must be satisfied

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-16 Scheduling

Johnson’s Rule Conditions


 Job time must be known and constant
 Job times must be independent of
sequence
 Jobs must follow same two-step
sequence
 Job priorities cannot be used
 All units must be completed at the first
work center before moving to second

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-17 Scheduling

Johnson’s Rule Optimum Sequence


1. List the jobs and their times at each work
center
2. Select the job with the shortest time
3. Eliminate the job from further consideration
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all jobs have
been scheduled

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-18 Scheduling

Scheduling Difficulties
 Variability in
 Setup times
 Processing times
 Interruptions
 Changes in the set of jobs
 No method for identifying optimal schedule
 Scheduling is not an exact science
 Ongoing task for a manager

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-19 Scheduling

Minimizing Scheduling Difficulties


 Set realistic due dates
 Focus on bottleneck operations
 Consider lot splitting of large jobs

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-20 Scheduling

Scheduling Service Operations


 Appointment systems
 Controls customer arrivals for service
 Reservation systems
 Estimates demand for service
 Scheduling the workforce
 Manages capacity for service
 Scheduling multiple resources
 Coordinates use of more than one
resource

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-21 Scheduling

Cyclical Scheduling
 Hospitals, police/fire departments,
restaurants, supermarkets
 Rotating schedules
 Set a scheduling horizon
 Identify the work pattern
 Develop a basic employee schedule
 Assign employees to the schedule

S P CHHEDA & CO
15-22 Scheduling

Service Operation Problems


 Cannot store or inventory services
 Customer service requests are random
 Scheduling service involves
 Customers
 Workforce
 Equipment

S P CHHEDA & CO

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