EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 2
1. A 100 MVA, 33 kV 3 phase generator has sub-transient reactance of 15 %. The generator
is connected to the motors through a transmission line and transformers as shown in
Figure 1. The motors have rated inputs of 30 MVA, 20 MVA and 50 MVA at 30 kV
with 20 % sub-transient reactance. The 3 phase transformers are rated at 110 MVA,
32 kV / 110 kV Y with leakage reactance of 8 %. The line has a reactance of 50 .
Selecting the generator rating as the base quantities in the generator circuit, determine
the base quantities in other parts of the system and evaluate the corresponding p.u.
T1
line
M1
M2
values. [Xp.u
= 0.06838p.u., Xp.u
= 0.3886p.u.,Xp.u
= 0.5509p.u., Xp.u
= 0.8264p.u.,
M3
Xp.u = 0.3305p.u.]
Figure 1:
Solution: Generator reactance on its own base is 0.15 p.u.
Transformer T1s p.u. reactance on new base MVA and kV is
2
100
32
T1
Xp.u = 0.08
= 0.06838p.u.
110
33
Base Voltage on secondary of transformer T1 is
33
110
= 113.43kV
32
Hence, the p.u. impedance of transmission line is
50 100
= 0.3886p.u.
113.432
The base value of voltage for motor circuit is
113.43
32
= 33kV
110
Hence, the p.u. reactance of motors are
2
100
30
M1 : 0.2
= 0.5509p.u.
30
33
100
M3 : 0.2
50
100
M2 : 0.2
20
30
33
2
= 0.3305p.u.
Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi
30
33
2
= 0.8264p.u.
EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 2
2. The single line diagram of a power system is shown in Figure 2. The specifications are
given below.
G1: 80 MVA, 11 kV, X= 18 % ; T1: 20 MVA, 11/220 kV, X=12 % ; T2: 20 MVA,
220/11 kV, X=10 % ; T3: 20 MVA, 11/110 kV, X=8 % ; T4: 20 MVA, 110/11 kV, X=6
% ; M1= 40 MVA, 10.8 kV, X=15 % ;
Series reactances of line 1 and line 2 are 50 and 60 respectively. Take generator ratings
T1
line1
T2
T3
as base quantities. [Xp.u
= 0.48p.u, Xp.u
= 0.0826p.u., Xp.u
= 0.4p.u.,Xp.u
= 0.32p.u.,
line2
T4
M1
load
Xp.u = 0.3966p.u., Xp.u = 0.24p.u., Xp.u = 0.289p.u., Zp.u = 3.2 + 2.4i]
(a) Draw an impedance diagram with per-unit values.
(b) If the Motor is replaced by a load of 20 MVA, 11 kV 0.8 p.f lagging, calculate Zp.u
of the load
Figure 2:
Solution:
(a) p.u. reactance of generator on its own base is 0.18 p.u.
p.u. reactance of T1 is
T1
Xpu
80
= 0.12
20
11
11
2
= 0.48p.u.
Vbase on the secondary side of T1=220 kV.
p.u. reactance of Line 1
line1
Xpu
=
50 80
= 0.0826p.u.
2202
p.u. reactance of T2 is
80
= 0.1
20
11
11
2
= 0.4p.u.
80
= 0.08
20
11
11
2
= 0.32p.u.
T2
Xpu
p.u. reactance of T3 is
T3
Xpu
Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi
EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 2
Vbase on the secondary side of T3=110 kV.
p.u. reactance of Line 2
line2
Xpu
=
60 80
= 0.3966p.u.
1102
p.u. reactance of T4 is
T4
Xpu
80
= 0.06
20
11
11
2
= 0.24p.u.
2
= 0.289p.u.
p.u. reactance of M1 is
M1
Xpu
80
= 0.15
40
10.8
11
(b)
112
= 1.5125
80
112
=
= 4.84 + 3.63i
16 12i
Zp.u. = 3.2 + 2.4i
Zbase =
Zactual
3. A 100 MVA, 13.8 kV, 3 phase generator has reactance of 20 %. The generator is connected to a 3 phase transformer (T1) rated 100 MVA, 12.5 kV/110 kV with 10 %
reactance. The HV side of the transformer is connected to a transmission line of reactance 100 . The far end of the line is connected to a step-down transformer T2 made
of 3 single phase transformers, connected in Y - , each rated 30 MVA, 66 kV/10 kV
with 10 % reactance. The generators supply two motors connected on the LV side of
T2. The motors are rated at 25 MVA and 50 MVA both at 10 kV with 15 % reactance.
Draw the reactance diagram showing all the values in p.u. Take generator rating as
T1
line
T2
M1
base.
[Xp.u
= 0.0820p.u., Xp.u
= 0.6780p.u., Xp.u
= 0.0985p.u., Xp.u
= 0.5319p.u.,
M2
Xp.u = 0.2659p.u. ]
Solution: Generator reactance on its base is 0.2 p.u.
p.u. reactance of T1 is
2
100
12.5
T1
Xpu = 0.1
= 0.0820p.u.
100
13.8
Vbase on the secondary side of T1=13.8
110
= 121.44kV
12.5
Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi
EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 2
100 100
= 0.6780p.u.
121.442
121.44
on the secondary side of T2=10
= 10.62kV
3 66
2
100
10
T2
Xpu = 0.1
= 0.0985p.u.
90
10.62
p.u. reactance of transmission line =
Vbase
M1
Xpu
100
= 0.15
25
10
10.62
2
= 0.5319p.u.
M2
Xpu
100
= 0.15
50
10
10.62
2
= 0.2659p.u.
4. A 3 bus system is given in Figure 3. The ratings of various components are listed below.
G1: 50 MVA, 13.8 kV, X=0.15 p.u.; G2: 40 MVA, 13.2 kV, X=0.2 p.u.; G3: 30 MVA,
11 kV, X=0.25 p.u.; T1: 45 MVA, 11 kV / 110 kV, X=0.1 p.u.; T2: 25 MVA, 12.5 kV
/ 115 kV, X=0.15 p.u.; T3: 40 MVA, 12.5 kV / 115 kV, X=0.1 p.u.
The line impedances are as shown in figure. Determine the reactance diagram based on
T1
50 MVA and 13.8 kV as base quantities in Generator 1.
[Xp.u
= 0.0705p.u.,
line12
line23
T2
G2
T3
Xp.u = 0.1312p.u., Xp.u = 0.0656p.u., Xp.u = 0.2083p.u., Xp.u = 0.1936p.u., Xp.u
=
0.0868p.u]
Figure 3:
Solution:
T1
Xpu
G1
Xpu
= 0.15p.u.
2
50
11
= 0.1
= 0.0705p.u.
45
13.8
Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi
EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 2
Vbase on secondary of T1 = 13.8
110
= 138kV
11
50 50
= 0.1312p.u.
1382
25 50
line23
= Xpu
=
= 0.0656p.u.
1382
line12
Xpu
=
line13
Xpu
12.5
= 15kV
115
2
50
12.5
= 0.15
= 0.2083p.u.
25
15
Vbase on primary of T2 = 138
T2
Xpu
G2
Xpu
50
= 0.2
40
13.2
15
2
= 0.1936p.u.
12.5
= 15kV
115
2
50
12.5
= 0.1
= 0.0868p.u.
40
15
Vbase on primary of T3 = 138
T3
Xpu
5. The primary side reactance of a 5 kVA, 200/400 V transformer is 4 . Determine
per-unit value of reactance referred to
(a) primary side, and
(b) secondary side.
[Xp.u. = 0.5p.u.]
Consider base quantities as 5 kVA and 200 V on the low voltage side of the transformer.
Solution: The per-unit value of reactance referred to primary side is
4 0.005
= 0.5p.u
0.22
The ohmic value of reactance referred to secondary side is
2
400
= 16
4
200
The per-unit value of reactance referred to secondary side is
16 0.005
= 0.5p.u
0.42
Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi
EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 2
6. 3 single phase transformers, each of rating 11/33 kV, 100 MVA are connected in Y - .
If the reactance of each single phase transformer is 6 as referred to LV side, calculate
the p.u. reactance of the resulting 3 phase transformer.
[Xp.u. = 4.9589p.u.]
Solution: p.u. reactance referred to primary
P rimary
Xp.u.
=
300
2 6 = 4.9589p.u.
11 3
The ohmic value of reactance referred to secondary side is
2
33
6
= 18
11 3
Vbase on secondary is 33 kV.
Secondary
Xp.u.
=
300
18 = 4.9589p.u.
332
Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi
