VVVI

EMC09/Kyoto
23P3-1
Estimation of Electric Shielding Effectiveness of a

Metallic Enclosure with off-centered Aperture
Mingyue Li#1 , Yougang Gao#2 , Dan Shi#3 ,Yuanmao Shen#4 Heyong Liu#5 Jing Bai#6
#
School of Electronic Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

10 Xitucheng Road, Beijing, China
1
[email protected]
AbstractThis work is performed to investigate the effects of

apertures on the electric shielding effectiveness of a rectangular
metallic enclosure with off-centered aperture by using an
analytical formulation and simulation FEKO. The electric
shielding effectiveness were calculated as a function of frequency,
enclosure dimensions, aperture dimensions, position which was
not in the centre within the enclosure by employing a
transmission line equivalent circuit approach. In this work the
model is extended to include higher order modes in the
transmission line (TL) models .Theoretical values of shielding
effectiveness are in good agreement with simulation FEKO.
Key words: apertures, off-centered circuit modelling, electric
shielding, shielding effectiveness, shielded enclosure .
I. INT RODUCTION
Electro magnetic shielding is frequently used to reduce the
emissions or improve the immunity of electronic equip ment.
The ability of a shield ing enclosure to do this is characterized
by its shielding effectiveness, defined as the rat io of field
strengths in the presence and absence of the enclosure. At
each point in an enclosure, we can define an electric shield ing
effectiveness SE and a magnetic shield ing effectiveness SM.
If apertures are present in a panel made of high conductivity
material .The SE will depend mainly on the penetration of
energy through the aperture rather than the walls. In this study
the conductivity of the enclosure walls is sufficiently large
that only aperture penetration is important and we present the
results for the SE .
SE o f a rectangular enclosure has been studied by many
authors. In some cases, numerical simulat ions are utilized to
model the enclosure precisely [1], [2], [3]. It can model
complex structures but often require much co mputing time
and memo ry in order to model a prob lem with sufficient detail.
This means that although they are good in pred icting the
shielding of a particular enclosure, it is difficult for designers
to use them to investigate the effect of design parameters of
SE and SM. A simplified analytical fo rmulat ion method was
proposed by [4] wh ich provide much faster means of
calculating SE and enabling the effect of design parameters to
be investigated. Numerical methods that have been used to
calculate shielding include transmission-line modeling [5],
fin ite-difference t ime-do main (FDTD) method , and method
of mo ments (MoM) [6].
Our aim here is to improve the technique developed by
Robinson et al. [4] wh ich using analytical formu lation to
determine the SE and SM of a metallic enclosure apertures by
taking into account the contributions of modes higher than

TE10 mode in the enclosure. In this work the electric shield ing
effectiveness was calculated as a function of frequency,
enclosure dimensions, aperture dimensions,
aperture
positions , observation points and especially the aperture is
off-centered by employing a transmission line equivalent
circuit approach. So me papers have investigated the SE of the
metallic enclosure with o ff-centered aperture, but they just
include that the aperture is changed along X axis. In our paper,
we take into account the other case that the aperture is
changed along Z axis. Our fo rmulat ion applies only to
rectangular enclosures with rectangular apertures, but these
comprise a large proportion of shields used in practical design.
Future works can be carried out to incorporate enclosures of
various positions and sizes at frequencies higher than 1 GHz.
II. THEORY
In our paper, we follow closely the approach taken by
Robinson et al., where a rectangular aperture in an empty
rectangular enclosure is represented by the equivalent circuit
shown in Figure 1.The rad iating source is represented by
voltage V0 and impedance Z0 =377 , the enclosure by the
shorted waveguide whose characterize impedance and
propagation constant are Zg and Kg . We transform all the
voltages and impedance to point P and proceed according to
that of Robinson et al. with some improvements.
A. Slot Impedance
The aperture is represented as a length of coplanar strip
transmission line, shorted at each end. Its characteristic
impedance is g iven by an expression indicated by Gupta et al.
[7]:
1 4 1 w b 2
e
2
ZOS 120S ln 2
2

4
1 1 we b
The effective width, we is given by
we
w
5t
4S
4S w
1 ln
where t is the thickness of the enclosure wall.
Copyright 2009 IEICE
637
1
(1)
(2)
EMC09/Kyoto
23P3-1
For the m-th TEm0 and n-th TE1n transverse electric modes
of propagation , the enclosure is represented by a cavity
formed by a section of shorted waveguide whose
characteristic
impedance, respectively, is
Z my 0
1 O m 2a
Z0
Z1xn
1 O n 2d
Z0
(9)
(10)
And the propagation constant is represented respectively by
kmy 0
k1xn
where
k0
1 O m 2a
k0
1 O n 2d
k0
(11)
(12)
2S O ,We now transform vm 0 , v1n Z m 0
Z1n and the short circuit at the end of the waveguide to P,
vlmy 0 , vly1n ,source impedance
giving an equivalent voltage
y
x
y
x
, Zl1n ,and load impedance Zrm0 , Z r1n .
Zlmo
Fig.1:Rectangular Enclosure with aperture and its equivalent circuit
cos kmy 0 p y j Z m 0
We have refers to C m which is the aperture modal coupling

to account for the coupling between aperture and the
enclosure when considering modes higher than TE10 mode,
vlx1n
cos k1xn p y j Z1n
C m is give by Farhana et al.[8]:
y
m
Cmy
y
ap
E dx
x0 l
x0
sin(
S x x0
) sin
dx
a
l
S mx
(3)
In this paper, we have extended to the aperture impendence

to include the factor Cn .
x
n
E E dz
x
n
x
ap
z0 w
z0
sin(
S z z0
) sin
dz
b
w
(4)
Z
1 y
Cm jZ os tan(k0 l 2)
2
1 x
Cn jZ os tan(k0 l 2)
2
Z apx
x
l1n
y
Z rm
0
Zrx1n
So the shunt impedance of the aperture of length l and

width w, respectively, is
y
ap
y
lmo
S nz
Z m0 jZ my 0 tan kmy 0 p y
1 j Z m0 Z my 0 tan kmy 0 p y
Z1n jZ1xn tan k1xn px
1 j Z1n Z1xn tan k1xn px
(13)
(14)
(15)
jZ my 0 tan kmy 0 d p y
(16)
jZ1xn tan k1xn a px
(17)
The voltage at P is
(5)
S
m
p
x
Z my 0 sin kmy 0 p y sin
v1n
nS p y
Z1xn sin k1xn p y sin

d
vm 0
vlmy 0
y
v pmo
y
vlmy 0 Z rm
0
v px1n
vlx1n Z rx1n
(6)
Z
Z
y
lmo
x
l 1n
Vtmy 0
B. Electric Shielding Effectiveness

By Thevenins theorem, co mbin ing Z 0 , v0 and Z ap gives
y
Z rm
0
(18)
Z rx1n
(19)
(20)
y
pmo
Vt1xn
x
p1n
(21)
an equivalent voltage
vm 0
v0 Z apy
v1n
v0 Z apx
Zm0
Z 0 Z apy
Z1n
Z 0 Z apx
Z
Z
Z apy
Z apx
Z
Z
Z apy
x
0 Z ap
Vtmy 02 Vt1xn 2
(22)
(7)
In the absence of the enclosure , the load impedance at P is
simp ly Z 0 and the voltage at P is v pc v0 2 ,so the electric
Vt
shielding is, therefore, given by
(8)
638
SE
20log10 Vt v pc
20log10 2Vt v0
(23)
EMC09/Kyoto
23P3-1
III. RESULT
For the validation of the present technique, we consider a
rectangular enclosure of size ( 300mmh 120mmh300mm)
with a rectangular aperture of size (100mmh5mm) located in
front of the wall. We calculated it with MATLAB and
simu lation with FEKO, the result is as show in the Figure 2 to
Figure 4.
a=300mm,b=120mm,d=300mm,l=100mm,w=5mm,t=1.5mm,Py=150mm,Px=150mm
100
Analytical
result
Simulation of FEKO
50
IV. CONCLUSION
The calculat ion of electric shielding effect iveness depends
upon the frequency, polarization of the applied field, the
dimensions of the enclosure, the aperture, wall thickness, the
number of apertures, and the position within the enclosure.
The formulation described in this paper takes into account the
off-centered aperture on one face of the enclosure, we have
refers to C m and Cn wh ich is the aperture modal coupling to
-50
200
400
600
800
Frequency (MHz)
1000
1200
1400
Fig.2: Calculated and FEKO analysis of SE at point P of 300120300mm

enclosure with 1005mm off-centered aperture ( Y
3b 4 ).
account for the coupling between aperture and the enclosure

when considering modes higher than TE10 mode .It gives good
agreement with simu lation over wide frequency range. It can
predict the electric shield ing effectiveness of the rectangular
aperture of arbit rary location on one face of the rectangular
enclosure. The existence of a peak in the shield ing
effectiveness for the off-centered aperture is an interesting
observation and further theory investigate need to be carried
out to understand this phenomenon. The results generated
fro m this research can be used by designers of practical
shielded enclosures.
100
Analytical
result
Electric Shielding Effectiveness (dB)
Simulation of FEKO
50
-50
REFERENCES
0
200
400
600
800
Frequency (MHz)
1000
1200
1400
[1]
Fig.3: Calculated and FEKO analysis of SE at point P of 300h120h300 mm

enclosure with 100h5mm off-centered aperture ( Y
3b 4 )
100
[2]
[3]
[4]
120
Analytical result
Electric Shielding Effectiveness (dB)
Figure 2 to Figure 4 shows the calculated and simu lations

of FEKO SE at different points P for a off-centered aperture
( Y 3b 4 ) , size 100h5mm. We can see that they are good
agreement , both above and below cut-off frequency of 500
MHz. The reasonably good agreement between analytical
formulat ion and simulation of FEKO shows that the
contributions of higher order modes must be taken into
account when analyzing the shielding effectiveness for offcentered apertures. Fro m Figure 3 we can see that the result is
not very good agreement between 800M and 1100M, the
reason probably is that the observation is near to the aperture,
modes higher than TE10 affected the shielding effectiveness
obviously.
Simulation of FEKO
80
[5]
60
40
[6]
20
0
-20
[7]
-40
-60
[8]
0
200
400
600
800
Frequency (MHz)
1000
1200
1400
Fig.4: Calculated and FEKO analysis of SE at point P of 300h120h300mm

enclosure with 100h5mm off-centred aperture ( Y
[9]
3b 4 )
639
K.S. Kunz, and R.J. Luebbers, The Finite Difference Time Domain
Method for Electromagnetic. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993.
C. Christopoulos, The Transmission Line Modeling Method TLM.
IEEE Press, New York, 1995.
P.P. Silvester and R.L. Ferrari, Finite Elements for Electrical Engineers.
Cambridge University Press,2pndP Edition, Cambridge, 1990.
M.P. Robinson, T.M. Benson, C. Christopoulos, J.F. Dawson,
M.D.Ganley, A.C. Marvin, S.J. Porter, and D.W.P. Thomas,
"Analytical formulation for the shielding effectiveness of enclosures
with apertures," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 40, no. 3, pp.
240-247, Aug. 1998.
C. H. Kraft, Modeling leakage through finite apertures with TLM,
in IEEE Int. Symp. Electromagn. Compat., Chicago, IL, Aug. 1994,
pp.7376.
G. Cerri, R. De Leo, and V. M. Primiani, Theoretical and
experimental evaluation of the electromagnetic radiation from
apertures in shielded enclosures, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.,
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Norwood, MA: Artech House,1979, ch. 7.
Farhana Ahmad Poad,Mohd Zarar Mohd Jenu,C.Christopoulos and
D.W.P.Thomas, Estimation of Electric and Magnetic Shielding
Effectiveness of a Metallic Enclosure with Aperture, IEEE
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F. Sarto, M.S. Sarto, M.C. Larciprete, and C. Sibilia, Transparent
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EMC09/Kyoto
23P3-1
[10] Attari et al., 'Application of the Transmission Line Matrix Method to

the Calculation of the Shielding Effectiveness for Metallic Enclosures',
IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Sociery,
Vol.2002
[11] Azaro et al., 'A circuital Approach to Evaluating the Electromagnetic

Field on Rectangular Apertures Backed by Rectangular Cavities', IEEE
Transactions on Microwave Theory and T echniques, vol. 50, No.
10,October 2002
640

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EMC09/Kyoto

Estimation of Electric Shielding Effectiveness of a

School of Electronic Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

AbstractThis work is performed to investigate the effects of

taking into account the contributions of modes higher than

where t is the thickness of the enclosure wall.

Copyright 2009 IEICE

And the propagation constant is represented respectively by

2S O ,We now transform vm 0 , v1n Z m 0

Z1n and the short circuit at the end of the waveguide to P,

vlmy 0 , vly1n ,source impedance

giving an equivalent voltage

Fig.1:Rectangular Enclosure with aperture and its equivalent circuit

We have refers to C m which is the aperture modal coupling

cos k1xn p y  j Z1n

C m is give by Farhana et al.[8]:

In this paper, we have extended to the aperture impendence

So the shunt impedance of the aperture of length l and

jZ1xn tan k1xn a  px

B. Electric Shielding Effectiveness

shielding is, therefore, given by

Copyright 2009 IEICE

Fig.2: Calculated and FEKO analysis of SE at point P of 300120300mm

account for the coupling between aperture and the enclosure

Electric Shielding Effectiveness (dB)

Fig.3: Calculated and FEKO analysis of SE at point P of 300h120h300 mm

Electric Shielding Effectiveness (dB)

Figure 2 to Figure 4 shows the calculated and simu lations

Fig.4: Calculated and FEKO analysis of SE at point P of 300h120h300mm

Copyright 2009 IEICE

[10] Attari et al., 'Application of the Transmission Line Matrix Method to

[11] Azaro et al., 'A circuital Approach to Evaluating the Electromagnetic

Copyright 2009 IEICE

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cos k1xn p y j Z1n

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