UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL

MALAYSIA MELAKA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN
PEMBUATAN

No Dokumen :
BMFU 2922
Tarikh Pelaksanaan :
Jun 2015
Tarikh Perubahan :

ENGINEERING PRACTICE
Bil. Perubahan : 0

SUB-MODULE OF
BASIC DRAWING & CAD
1.0

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, student should be able to;

a)
b)
c)

2.0

Generate multi-view drawing from 3D object

Identify the type of line in technical drawing
Perform basic 2D dimensioning technique

INTRODUCTION
Drawing is one of the methods for communication in human development history.

Before other communication technologies are developed, people informed themselves through
conversation and by looking at the drawing, paintings or sculptures in public places. Drawing
is the principle source of information that everyone could understand.
Technical drawings are the other distinct form of drawing. People have used drawing
to represent the design of object to be built or constructed. The technical drawing is usually
created accordance with standardized convention for layout, nomenclature, interpretation,
appearance size.etc. The end goal of technical drawing is to convey all the required
information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component.
Today drawings are usually made by using commercial software such AutoCAD, Solid
Works, CATIA .etc.
3.0

THEORY

3.1

An orthographic projection to represent a 3D object in 2D

Most drawings produced and used in industry are multiview drawings. Multiview

drawings are used to provide accurate 3-dimensional object information on 2 dimensional

media, a means of communicating all of the information necessary to transform an idea or
concept into reality. The standards and conventions of multiview drawings have been
developed over many years, which equip us with a universally understood method of

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communication. Multiview drawings usually require several orthographic projections to define

the shape of a 3-dimensional object.
An orthographic projection is a system of drawings that represent different sides of an
object. These drawings are formed by projecting the edges of the object perpendicular to the
desired planes of projection. Orthographic projections allow us to represent the shape of an
object using 2 or more views. These views together with dimensions and notes are sufficient to
manufacture the part

Six principle view

The 6 principle views of an orthographic projection are shown below. Each principle view is
created by looking at the object in the directions indicated below and drawing what is seen
as well as what is hidden from view.

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3.2

Type of Line

In technical Engineering drawings, each line has a definite meaning and is drawn in
accordance to the line conventions as illustrated in the figure below. Two widths of lines are
typically used on drawings; the thick line width should be 0.6 mm and the thin line width should
be 0.3 mm.

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I.

Visible Line
Visible lines are used to represent visible edges and boundaries.

II.

Hidden Line
Hidden lines are used to represent edges and boundaries that are not visible from the
viewing direction.

III.

Center Line
Center lines are used to represent axes of symmetry.

IV.

Dimension Line, Extension Line and Leader

Dimension lines are used to show the sizes and locations of objects.

V.

Cutting Plane Lines

Cutting Plane lines are used to represent the location of an imaginary cut has been
made, so that the interior of the object can be viewed.

VI.

Phantom Line
Phantom lines are used to represent imaginary features or objects, such as a rotated
position of a part.

VII.

Break Line
Break lines are used to represent imaginary cut, so that the interior of the object can
be viewed.

3.3

Dimension concept

Dimension is a way of displaying the size information and feature location on

a drawing

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4.0

Generally consist of lines and number:

Dimension lines
Extension lines
Leader lines
Number to indicate the measurement

EQUIPMENTS/ SOFTWARE
AutoCAD 2008/ Bridge CAD

5.0

PROCEDURES
5.1

Start up AutoCAD 2008

i.

Select the AutoCAD 2008 option on the Program menu or select the
AutoCAD 2008 icon on the Desktop. Once the program is loaded into
memory, the AutoCAD 2008 drawing screen will appear on the screen
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5.2

Note that AutoCAD automatically assigns generic name, Drawing X, as new

drawings are created. In our example, AutoCAD opened the graphics
window using the default system units and assigned the drawing name
Drawing1.

Drawing Unit Setup

Every object we construct in a CAD system is measured in units. We should determine the value
of the units within the CAD system before creating the first geometric entities.
i. In pull down menu ,select :
6.0

[Format] [Units]
[Format]

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[Units]

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ii.Click on the Length Type option to display the

different types of length units available. Confirm the
Length Type is set to Decimal.

iii.On your own, examine the other settings that are

available.
iv.In the insertion scale dialog box, set the unit to
millimeter.
v.Set the Precision to two digits after the decimal point
as shown.
vi.Pick OK to exit the Drawing Units dialog box

5.3

Drawing Unit Setup

Next, we will set up the Drawing Limits; setting the Drawing Limits controls the extents of the
display of the grid. It also serves as a visual reference that marks the working area. It can also
be used to prevent construction outside the grid limits and as a plot option that defines an
area to be plotted/printed.
Note that this setting does not limit the region for geometry construction.

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i.

In the pull-down menus, select:

[Format]

[Drawing limits]

ii.

In the command prompt area, near the bottom of the

AutoCAD drawing screen, the message Reset Model
Space Limits: Specify lower left corner or [On/Off]
<0.00, 0.00>: is displayed. Press the key once to accept
the ENTER default coordinates <0.00, 0.00>.

iii.

In the command prompt area, the message Specify

upper right corner <0.00, 0.00>: is displayed. ENTER
coordinates value for A4 size paper = <297,210>.

iv.

In the pull-down menus, select:

[View] [Zoom] [All]
The Zoom All command will adjust the display so that all
objects in the drawing are displayed to be as large as
possible. If no objects are constructed,
the Drawing
Limits are used to adjust the current viewport.

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6.0

EXERCISE- GUIDE PLATE

In this exercise, you will use some basic command to draw the object given. There is two
important toolbar that will help you to create a drawing which is draw and modify toolbars.
During this exercise, you also will use several methods for specifying the locations of points
when we create planar geometric entities.

Absolute coordinates (Format: X,Y): Type the X and Y coordinates to locate the point
on the current coordinate system relative to the origin.

Relative rectangular coordinates (Format: @X,Y): Type the X and Y coordinates

relative to the last point.

Relative polar coordinates (Format: @Distance<angle): Type a distance and angle

relative to the last point.

Direct Distance entry technique: Specify a second point by first moving the cursor to
indicate direction and then entering a distance.

Follow the step below to complete this exercise.

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Plotting the drawing

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QUESTION
1. Draw the wall bracket in figure below accordingly (in inch unit).
2. Create the appropriate dimensions in the drawings as shown in the figure below.
3. Draw the FRONT VIEW, SIDE VIEW and TOP VIEW. Objects front is shown below.

FRONT

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Example Drawing (3views)

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