Page 1 of 46

Chapter 4 Integration
Try these 4.1

1 5 x2
e
+c
5
1
(b) e 27 x dx =
e27 x + c
7

sin 3 x + c
(c) cos 3 x =
dx
2
3
2

(a)

dx
e=

(d)

dx
tan 5 x +=
2

(e)

1 27 x
27 x
dx
c
+c

+=
2 =
7 ln 2
7 ln 2

(f)

x
dx
5 =

5 x2

1
ln sec 5 x + + c
5
2

7x

5x
+c
ln 5

Try these 4.2

x3
1
dx
ln( x 4 + 5) + c
x4 + 5 =
4
x
1
(b) 2 =
dx
ln( x 2 1) + c
x 1
2
cos x
(c) =
dx ln(sin x) + c
sin x
3x + 1
1
6x + 2
1
(d) 2
dx
dx
ln 3 x 2 + 2 x + 1 c
=
=
2

3x + 2 x + 1
2 3x + 2 x + 1
2
(a)

Try these 4.3

(a)

=
dx

2
x(1 + x )

1+ x
1
1
2 x(1 + x 2 ) 2 dx
=

2
2

1 (1 + x 2 )
=
1
2
2

dx

+c

= 1 + x2 + c
(b)

cos8 x
7
sin
x
cos
x
d
x
=

+c

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 2 of 46

(c)

(2 x

2x +1
1
=
dx
(4 x + 2)(2 x 2 + 2 x + 3) 3 dx
3
+ 2 x + 3)
2

1 (2 x 2 + 2 x + 3) 2
+c
2
2
1
=

+c
2
4(2 x + 2 x + 3) 2
Try these 4.4

1x

dx esin
esin =

1x

+c
1 x2
1
1
1
x
dx e tan x + c
(b)
e tan =
2
1+ x
3
1 x3+1
+1
(c) x 2 e x =
dx
e +c
3
(d) sin xecos x dx =
ecos x + c
(a)

Exercise 4A
1 7x
e +c
7
1 4 x+2
x+2
e 4=
e
+c
dx
4
1 5 2 x
5 2x
e=
e
dx
+c
2
1
1
=
dx
ln 4 x + 5 + c
4x + 5
4
3
3
=
dx
ln 7 x 2 + c
7x 2
7
2
2
=
dx
ln 4 3x + c
4 3x
3

dx
e =

x+
tan 2=
4

10

11

7x

ln sec 2 x + + c
2
4

tan 3x + c
sec 2 3x dx =
3
2

=
dx
cos 2 x =
dx
sin 2 x + c

4
2
4

sec 2 x
4

1
dx =sin ( x + 2) dx =
cos ( x + 2) + c
cosec ( x + 2)
1
1
=
dx
sec 2 (3x +=
1) dx
tan (3x + 1) + c
2
cos (3x + 1)
3
1

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 3 of 46

dx 2 3 x e =
dx
6x e =
sin x e dx = sin xe
2

12

x3

2 x3

cos x

13

2e x + c
cos x

dx = ecos x + c

14

15

16

17

18

1
1
x
e x=
e=
dx 2
dx 2e x + c
x
2 x
2
2
1
1 2
xe x dx =

2 xe x dx =e x + c
2
2
1
1
1
(e3 x e x ) 2 dx = e6 x 2e 4 x + e 2 x dx = e6 x e 4 x + e 2 x + c
6
2
2
x
1
2x
1
=
dx
=
dx
ln x 2 + 9 + c
2
2
x +9
2 x +9
2
cos x
1
2cos x
1
=
dx
=
dx
ln 2sin x + 1 + c
2sin x + 1
2 2sin x + 1
2

4sec 2 x
=
dx 2 ln 2 tan x 5 + c
2 tan x 5

2x2
2
=
dx
ln 5 x 3 + c
3
5 x
3

21

22

e3 x
1
=
dx
ln e3 x + 1 + c
e +1
3
2
arcsin x
1
=
dx
[arcsin x ] + c
2
2
1 x

23

24

25

26

27

28

19
20

3x

tan 2 3x =
+ 1 dx

sec 2 =
3 x dx

x ) dx
sec (3=

1
ln sec(3x) + tan(3x) + c
3

1
1
sin =
dx cos + c
x
x
cos5 x
4
sin x cos
=
x dx
+c
5
1 sin 4 x
esin 4 x cos=
e
+c
4 x dx
4
1
1 t3
t3
t3
t 2 e=
dt
3t 2 e=
dt
e +c
3
3
1

x
1
1 10
1
1
d=
x ln x 2 + 9 =
ln 10 ln =
9
ln
2
x +9
2
2 9
2
0 2

Try these 4.5

(a)

xe x dx

Let u = x 2
du = 2 xdx
1

du =
xdx
2
When =
x 0,=
u 0
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 4 of 46

When =
x 1,=
u 1
1

xe x dx =

e 12 =
1

1
2

e du = 12 eu
0

1 u
0 2

1
2

(e 1)

1
xe x dx =
2 (e 1)
2

(b)

4x +1
dx
0 ( x + 2) 2
Let u= x + 2
du = dx
Since u = x + 2 x = u 2
4 x + 1= 4(u 2) + 1= 4u 7

( x + 2) 2 =
u2
When=
x 0,=
u 2
When=
x 1,=
u 3
1 4x +1
3 4u 7

dx =
du
2

0 ( x + 2)
2
u2
34
7
= 2 du
2 u
u
3
7
7
7

= 4 ln u + = 4 ln 3 + 4 ln 2 +
u 2
3
2

3 7
= 4 ln
2 6
Exercise 4B
1

(4x + 2)

dx

u = 4x + 2
du = 4 dx
1
du = dx
4
u2
x=
4
x
1 1 u2
dx=

du
3
(4 x + 2)
4 4
u3
1
=
u 2 2u 3 ) du
16
1 1 1
=
+
+C
16 u u 2

1
1
1
=
+
+c
2
16 4 x + 2 (4 x + 2)

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 5 of 46

dx
6x 2 + 8
u = 6x2 + 8
du = 12x dx
1
du = xdx
12
x
1
dx =
2
12
6x + 8
1
=
u 1/ 2 du
12
1 u1/ 2
=
+c
12 1
2
1
=
(6 x 2 + 8)1/ 2 + c
6
3
x
dx
3
3
1 (2 x 1)
u = 2x 1
du = 2 dx
1
du = dx
2
1
x = (u + 1)
2
x = 3, u = 6 1 = 5
x = 1, u = 2 1 = 1
3
x
1
dx =
3
1 (2 x 1)
4
5
1
1
1
=
+ 3 du
2
1
4 u
u
2

1
du
u

u +1
du
u3

1
=
4

1
1
u 2u 2
1

1 1
1
5 50 1 2

1 1 1 3
=

+
4 5 50 2

1
4

1 10 1 + 75 1 64 8
=
=4 50 =25
4
50
2
3x 2
dx
6
0 1+ x
y = x3
dy = 3x2 dx
1 + x 6 = 1 + y2
x = 2, y = 23 = 8
x = 0, y = 03 = 0

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 6 of 46

3x 2
dx
6
0 1+ x
8
1
=
dy
2
0 1+ y

= tan 1 ( y )
0
1
= tan
=
(8) 1.446

3x + 1
dx
3x 2
u = 3x 2
du = 3 dx
1
du = dx
3
u + 3 = 3x + 1
x = 2, u = 6 2 = 4
x = 1, u = 3 2 = 1
2 3x + 1
1 4u+3
dx =
du
1
3 1 u1/ 2
3x 2
1 4 1/ 2
=
u + 3u 1/ 2 du

3 1
5

1 2 3/2

u + 6u1/ 2
3 3
1

1 2 3/ 2
2

(4) + 6(4)1/ 2 + 6

3 3
3

1 16
+ 12 6
3 3
32
=
9

2
3

x x 2 + 9 dx

u = x2 + 9
du = 2x dx
1
du = x dx
2
x = 0, u = 9
x = 4, u = 42 + 9 = 25
4
1
x x 2 + 9 dx =
0
2

25

u1/ 2 du

25

= u 3/ 2
3
9
1
253 / 2 93 / 2
=
3
1
=
[125 27]
3
98
=
3

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 7 of 46

8 x 3 + 12 x + 2

dx
x 4 + 3x2 + x
u = x4 + 3x2 + x
du = (4x3 + 6x + 1) dx
2 du = (8x3 + 12x +2) dx
8x 3 + 12x + 2
2du
=
dx =
4
2
u
x + 3x + x

2u

1/ 2

du

= 4u1/2 + c
= 4 (x4 + 3x2 + x)1/2 + c
x
dx
1 + x4
u = x2
du = 2x dx

1
du = 2 x dx
2
x

dx
=
1+ x
4

1
tan 1 ( x 2 ) + c
2

sin x

1
1
1
=
du
tan 1 (u ) + c
2
2 1+ u
2

cos x + 1 dx

u = cos x + 1
du = sin x dx
2
u1/ 2 du =
u 3/ 2 + c
3
2
=
(cos x + 1)3/ 2 + c
3
5
(2 x + 1) (4 x 1) dx

10

u = 4x 1
du = 4 dx
1
du = dx
4
u +1
=x
4

1
1
2x + 1 = 2 u + + 1
4
4
1
3
=
u+
2
2

(2 x + 1) (4 x 1) dx=
5

1 1
3
u + ( u 5 ) du

4 2
2

1 6
u + 3u 5 ) du
8
1 u 7 3u 6
= +
+c
87
6

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 8 of 46

1 (4 x 1)7 1
+ (4 x 1)6 + c

8
7
2

=
11

1
(tan 1 x )2 dx
+1
u = tan1 x
1
dx
du = 2
x +1

u3
+c
3
(tan 1 x )3
=
+c
3

12

u 2 du=

ex

4 +5

dx

u = x4 + 5
du = 4x3 dx
1
du = x 3 dx
4

x e

3 4x +5

dx =

4e

du

1 u
e +c
4
1 x4 + 5
=
e
+c
4
x3
dx
13
1 + x4
u = 1 + x4
du = 4x3 dx
1
du = x 3 dx
4
x3
1 1
1
1
=
dx
=
du
ln u +=
c
ln (1 + x 4 ) + c
4
1+ x
4 u
4
4
=

14

9x e

4 3x 2

dx

u = 4 3x2
du = 6x dx
1
du =
x dx
6

9 xe

4 3 x2

dx =

9 u
e du
6

3
=
eu + c
2
3 4 3 x2
=
e
+c
2

15

x (x

+ 4) dx

u = x2 + 4
du = 2x dx

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 9 of 46

1
du = x dx
2

x (x

1 8
+ 4)8 dx =
u du
2

1 9
u +c
18
1 2
=
( x + 4)9 + c
18
x 2/3
dx
16
1 + x1/3
u = 1 + x1/3
1
du = x 2 / 3 dx
3
3x2/3 du = dx
x1/3 = u 1
x2/3 = (u 1)2
3(u 1)2 du = dx
x1/3 = u 1
x 2/3
(u 1) 2 (u 1) 2
d
x
=
3
du
1 + x1/3
u
(u 2 2u + 1) (u 2 2u + 1)
=3
du
u
(u 4 2u 3 + u 2 2u 3 + 4u 2 2u + u 2 2u + 1)
=3
du
u
(u 4 4u 3 + 6u 2 4u + 1)
=3
du
u
1

= 3 u 3 4u 2 + 6u 4 + du
u

4
1

= 3 u 4 u 3 + 3u 2 4u + ln u + c
4
3

4
3
2
3
=
1 + x1/ 3 4 1 + x1/ 3 + 9 1 + x1/ 3 12 (1 + x1/3 ) + ln (1 + x1/3 ) + c
4
sec 2 4 x
dx
17
(1 3tan 4 x)5
u = 1 3 tan 4x
du = (12 sec2 4x) dx
sec 2 4 x
1 1
dx =
du
5
(1 3tan 4 x)
12 u 5
=

1 u 4
=

+c
12 4
=

1 4
u +c
48
1
4
=(1 3tan 4 x ) + c
48

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 10 of 46

18

1 ( x )

1 x
u = sin1(x)
1
dx
du =
1 x2

3e

dx

d=
u 3eu + c

= 3 esin
19

e sin

1x

+c

x cos x

dx
2

2
du = 2x dx
1
du = x dx
2

1
1

x cos x 2 + dx =
cos u du = sin u + c
2
2
2

=
sin x 2 + + c
2
2

2x + 1
dx
20
2
x + x 1
u = x2 + x 1
du = (2x + 1) dx
2x + 1
1
=
dx
=
du ln u + c
2
x + x 1
u

u = x2 +

= ln x 2 + x 1 + c
21

cos 3x

4 + sin 3x dx

u = 4 + sin 3x
du = 3 cos 3x dx
1
du = cos3x dx
3
cos 3x
1 1
dx =
du
4 + sin 3x
3 u
1
=
ln u + c
3
1
= ln 4 + sin 3x + c
3

Try these 4.6

(a)

x cos x

dx

dv
=
u x=
,
cos x
dx
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 11 of 46

du
= 1,=
v sin x
dx
x dx x sin x sin x dx
x cos=

= x sin x + cos x + c
(b)

x 2 sin x dx

2 dv
=
u x=
,
sin x
dx
du
= 2 x, v = cos x
dx
/2

/2

/2

x 2 cos x + 2 x cos x dx
x sin x dx =
0
2

/2

x cos x + 2 [ x sin x + cos x ]

=
0
2

=
cos + 2 sin + 2 cos [ 2]
2
2
2
2
4
= 2
/2

Hence

sin
2 x dx=

(c)

sin

x dx

dv
1
u sin
x,
1
=
=
dx
du
1
= =
,v x
dx
1 x2

=
dx
sin

x sin 1 x

= x sin 1 x x(1 x 2 )

= x sin 1 x

1 x2
2

dx

dx

1
1
2 2
2
x
(1
x
)
dx

= x sin 1 ( x) + 1 x 2 + c
Hence

sin

x=
dx x sin 1 x + 1 x 2 + c

Exercise 4C
1

x ln x dx

dv
=x
dx
du 1
1 2
= =
, v
x
dx x
2

u = ln x,

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 12 of 46

2
1

=
x ln x dx x 2 ln x
1
2
1

1
x dx
2

1
1
= x 2 ln x x 2
2
4 1

1
= (2 ln 2 1) ln 1
2
3
= 2ln 2
4
2

cos x dx

u = x2,

dv
= cos x
dx

du
= 2=
x , v sin x
dx
=
x dx
x cos
x sin x dx
2

u = x,

x 2 sin x 2 x sin x dx

dv
= sin x
dx

du
= 1, v = cos x
dx
x cos x + cos x dx
x sin dx =

= x cos x + sin x
2
2
x cos x dx= x sin x + x cos x sin x + c
3

1/ 2

ln x dx

dv
= x1/ 2
dx
du 1
2 3/2
= =
, v
x
dx x
3
2 3/2
2 1/ 2
1/ 2
x=
ln x dx
x
ln x
x dx
3
3
2 3/ 2
4
=
x ln x x 3/ 2 + c
3
9

u = ln x,

/2

x sin 2x dx

dv
= sin 2 x
dx
du
1
= 1, v = cos 2 x
dx
2

u = x,

/2

/2

x sin 2 x dx =
2 x cos 2 x +
0

/2

1
cos 2 x dx
2

/ 2

1
1

=
2 x cos 2 x + 4 sin 2 x
0

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 13 of 46

=
=

1
cos + sin
4
4

4
xe 2 x dx

dv
= e 2x
dx
du
1 2x
= 1,=
v
e
dx
2
1 2x 1 2x
1 2x 1 2x
xe 2 x dx =
xe e dx =
xe e + c
2
2
2
4

u = x,

ln x dx

dv
= x2
dx
du 1
1 3
= =
, v
x
dx x
3
1 3
1 2
x 2=
ln x dx
x ln x
x dx
3
3
1 3
1
=
x ln x x 3 + c
3
9

u = ln x,

ln x dx

dv
= x3
dx
du 1
1 4
= =
, v
x
dx x
4
1 4
1 3
1 4
1
x 3 ln x d=
x
x ln x
x d=
x
x ln x x 4 + c
4
4
4
16
3
x arctan x dx

u = ln x,

dv
= x3
dx
du
1
x4
= =
,
v
dx 1 + x 2
4
1 4
1
x4
x3=
arctan x dx
x arctan x
dx
4
4 1 + x2

u = arctan x,

x2 1
x2 + 1 x4
x4 + x2
x2
x2 1
1

x 3 arctan
=
x dx

1 4
1 2
1
x arctan x
x 1+ 2
dx
4
4
x +1

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 14 of 46

1 4
1 1

x arctan x x 3 x + arctan x + c
4
4 3

x4 1
1
x
arctan x x 3 + + c
4
12
4

x 1 + x dx =

1/ 2

x (1 + x) dx

dv
u = x, = (1 + x )1/ 2
dx
du
2
= 1, =
v
(1 + x )3 / 2
dx
3
1

x (1 + x)1/ 2 dx = x (1 + x)3/ 2
0
3

2
(1 + x)3/ 2 dx
0 3

4
2

= x (1 + x)3/ 2 (1 + x)5/ 2
15
3
0
2
4
4
= (2)3 / 2 (2)5 / 2 +
3
15
15
4
16
4
= 2
2+
3
15
15
4
4
4
=
2+ =
2 +1
15
15 15

10

e 3 x dx

dv
= e 3 x
dx

u = x2,

du
1
= 2x , v = e 3x
dx
3
1
2
x 2 e 3 x dx =
x 2 e 3 x +
xe 3 x dx
3
3

xe

3 x

u = x,

dx

dv
= e 3 x
dx

du
= 1,
dx

v=

1 3x
e
3

1
1 3 x
dx =
x e 3 x +
e dx
3
3
1 3x 1 3x
=
xe e + C
3
9
1
2
2 3 x
x 2 e 3 x dx =
x 2 e 3 x xe 3 x
e +c
3
9
27
1
2
2

=
e 3 x x 2 + x + + c
3
3
9

xe

3 x

11

x 2 ln x dx

u = ln x,

dv
= x2
dx

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 15 of 46

du 1
1 3
, v
= =
x
dx x
3

1
=
x ln x dx x 3 ln
1
3

x
1

1 2
x dx
3

1
1
= x 3 ln x x 3
9 1
3
8
8 1
=
ln 2 +
3
9 9
8
7
=
ln 2
3
9
12
arccos (2 x) dx
u = arccos(2x),

du
=
dx

dv
=1
dx

2
=
, v x
1 4x 2

=
x ) dx
arccos(2

x arccos(2 x) +

2x
1 4x2

dx

= x arccos(2 x) + 2 x (1 4 x 2 ) dx

= x arccos(2 x) +

1/ 2

1
8 x (1 4 x 2 ) 1/ 2 dx
4

1/ 2
1
1 4x2 ) + c
(
2
1
= x arccos (2 x)
1 4x2 + c
2

= x arccos (2 x)

13

ln(5 x ) dx

dv
= x2
dx
du 1
1 3
= =
, v
x
dx x
3
1 3
1 2
2
x=
ln 5 x dx
x ln(5 x )
x dx
3
3
1 3
1
=
x ln(5 x) x 3 + c
3
9

u = ln (5x),

14

(ln x )2 dx

=
u

ln x ) ,
(=
dx
2

dv

du 2
= =
ln x , v x
dx x
e

2
2
=
( ln x ) dx x ( ln x ) 1
1

ln x dx
e

2 ln x dx

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 16 of 46

u = ln x,

dv
=1
dx

du 1
= =
, v x
dx x

[ x ln x ]1 1 l dx
1
e
= [ x ln x x ]1
e

ln x dx
=

/2

e
2
(ln x) 2 dx = x ( ln x ) 2 [ x ln x x ]1

1
e

= e ( ln e ) 2e ln e + 2e + 2
= e+2
15

e x sin x dx

u = ex ,

dv
= sin x
dx

du
= e x , v = cos x
dx

/ 2

0
/2

e x cos x
e x sin x dx =

/ 2
0

/ 2

e x cos x dx

e x cos x dx

u = ex,

dv
= cos x
dx

du
x
= e=
, v sin x
dx

/ 2

/ 2

e x cos x dx e x sin x
=
0

/ 2

/ 2

e x sin x dx

e x cos x + e x sin x
e x sin x dx =

/ 2
0

/ 2

e x sin x dx

e x sin x dx = e / 2 cos + e / 2 sin / 2 e0 cos 0 + e0 sin 0

2

/2
= e +1
/2
1
1 + e / 2
e x sin x dx =

0
2
2

/ 2

16

arctan x dx
1

u = arctan x,

dv
=1
dx

du
1
= =
,v x
dx 1 + x 2
x
arctan x dx [ x arctan x ]
=
1+ x
1

dx

= x arctan x ln 1 + x 2
2

0
1
= arctan (1) ln 2
2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 17 of 46

1
ln 2
4 2
x 5 1 + x 3 dx =

17

(1 + x 3 )1/ 2 dx

dv
u = x3, = x 2 (1 + x 3 )1/ 2
dx
3/2
du
1
2
=3x 2 , v = 1 + x 3

dx
3
3
3/2
2
2 2
x 5 (1 + x 3 )1/ 2 dx = x 3 1 + x 3

x (1 + x 3 )3 / 2 dx
9
3
3/ 2
3/ 2
2 3
2 2 5
=
x (1 + x 3 )
3x 2 (1 + x 3 ) dx
9
9 5 2
3/ 2
5/ 2
2 3
4
=
x (1 + x 3 )
1 + x3 ) + c
(
9
45

18

/2

3 x cos2 x dx

dv
= cos2 x
dx
du
1
= 3,=
v
sin 2x
dx
2

u = 3x,

/2

=
3x cos 2 x dx
x sin 2 x
2
0

/2

/2

3
sin 2 x dx
2

/2

3
3

x sin 2 x + cos 2 x
2
4
0

=
=

19

3
3
3

sin + cos cos 0

4
4
4

3 3
3
=
=

4 4
2

ln d =

1/ 2

ln d

dv
=
,
1/ 2
u ln=
d
du 1
2 3/2
= =

, v
d
3

=
1/ 2 ln d
1

2 3/ 2

3 ln
1

2 1/ 2
d
3

4
2

= 3/ 2 ln 3/ 2
3
9

1
2
4
4
=
(8) ln 4 (8) +
3
9
9
16
28
=
ln 4
3
9
20

ln x 2 dx

u = ln x2,

dv
=1
dx

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 18 of 46

du 2
= =
, v x
dx x

=
ln x 2 dx x ln x 2
1
1

2dx

= x ln x 2 2 x
1
= (2 ln 4 4) ( 2)
= 2 ln 4 2
= ln 16 2

Try these 4.7

(a)

x
x
dx =
dx
+ 7 x + 12
( x + 3)( x + 4)
x
A
B

+
( x + 3)( x + 4) x + 3 x + 4
x A( x + 4) + B( x + 3)
When x =4, 4 = B, B =4
When x =3, 3 =A
x
3
4

+
( x + 3)( x + 4)
x+3 x+4
x
3
4

x 2 + 7 x + 12 = x + 3 + x + 4 dx
=3ln x + 3 + 4 ln x + 4 + c

x
3ln x + 3 + 4 ln x + 4 + c
dx =
x + 7 x + 12
3x 2 + x + 1
dx
(b)
( x + 1)(2 x 2 + 1)

3x 2 + x + 1
A
Bx + C

+ 2
2
( x + 1)(2 x + 1) x + 1 2 x + 1
3 x 2 + x + 1 A(2 x 2 + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
When x =
1, 3 =
3 A, A =
1
When x = 0, 1 = A + C C = 0
Equating coefficients of x 2 : 3 = 2 A + B B = 1

3x 2 + x + 1
1
x

+ 2
2
( x + 1)(2 x + 1) x + 1 2 x + 1

3x 2 + x + 1
x
1
dx
( x + 1)(2 x 2 + 1)=
x + 1 + 2 x 2 + 1 dx
1
1
4x
=
dx + 2
dx
x +1
4 2x +1
1
= ln x + 1 + ln 2 x 2 + 1 + c
4
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 19 of 46

x3
x 2 + 3x + 2dx
x 3
2
x + 3x + 2 x3

(c)

x3 + 3x 2 + 2 x
3 x 2 2 x
3 x 2 9 x 6
7x + 6

x3
7x + 6
x 3+
2
x + 3x + 2
( x + 1)( x + 2)
7x + 6
A
B

+
( x + 1)( x + 2) x + 1 x + 2
7 x + 6 A( x + 2) + B( x + 1)
When x =1, 1 =A
When x =2, 8 = B B =8

x3
dx =
x 2 + 3x + 2

x 3 x + 1 + x + 2dx

1 2
x 3 x ln x + 1 + 8ln x + 2 + c
2

Exercise 4D
1
2

x+2
x 2
2
dx = + dx =+
1
dx =
x + 2 ln x + c
x
x x
x
2x + 3
2x 4 + 7
2( x 2)
7
=
dx
=
dx
+
dx
x2
x2
x2
2x 2
7
= 2+
dx = 2 x + 7 ln x 2 + c
x2
5x + 7
dx
2x 1
5
2
2 x 1 5x + 7
5
5x
2
9
2
5x + 7
5 19 / 2
d=
x
+
dx
2x 1
2 2x 1
5
19
=
x+
ln 2 x 1 + c
2
4

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 20 of 46

x2
dx
x2
x+2

x2 x

x2 2x
2x
2x 4
4

x 2 dx = x + 2 + x 2 dx
=

1 2
x + 2 x + 4ln x 2 + c
2

x3 + x + 2
dx
x +1

x2 x + 2
x + 1 x3 + x + 2
x3 + x2
x2 + x + 2
x2 x
2x + 2
2x + 2
0

x3 + x + 2
dx= x 2 x + 2 dx
x +1
1 3 1 2
=
x x + 2x + c
3
2

dx
+
dx
( x + 2) ( x =
3)
x + 2 x 3
1 / 5

1/ 5

x + 2 + x 3 dx

1
1
ln x + 2 + ln x 3 + c
5
5
4
A
B
=
+
dx
dx
7
( x 3) ( x 7)
x3 x7
1
1
=
+
dx
x3 x7
=

=
ln x 3 + ln x 7 + c
8

3x

(2 x + 3)( x + 1) dx

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 21 of 46

2 x + 3 + x + 1 dx

9
ln 2 x + 3 3 ln x + 1 + c
2
x
x
dx =
dx
9
x 2 + 5x + 6
( x + 2)( x + 3)
A
B
=
+
dx
x+2 x+3
2
3
=
+
dx
x+2 x+3
dx
2 x + 3 x +=
1

=
2ln x + 2 + 3 ln x + 3 + c
x+2
dx
8x + 4
x+2
=
dx
(3 x 2)( x 2)
A
B
=
+
dx
3x 2 x 2
2
1
=
+
dx
3x 2 x 2
2
=
ln 3x 2 + ln x 2 + c
3
5x 2
dx
11
6 x2 + x 2
5x 2
=
dx
(3 x + 2) (2 x 1)
A
B
=
+
dx
3x + 2 2 x 1
16 / 7
1/ 7
=
+
dx
3x + 2 2 x 1
16
1
=
ln 3x + 2 +
ln 2 x 1 + c
21
14
4x
4x
A
B
C
dx =
dx =
+
+
dx
12
2
( x 4)( x 3)
( x 2)( x + 2)( x 3)
x2 x+2 x3
2
2 / 5 12 / 5
2
12
=

+
dx =
2ln x 2 ln x + 2 + ln x 3 + c
x2 x+2 x3
5
5
4x + 2
A
B
C
dx =
+
+
dx
13
( x 1)( x + 2)( x + 3)
x 1 x + 2 x + 3
1/ 2
2
5/2
=
+

dx
x 1 x + 2 x + 3
1
5
=
ln x 1 + 2ln x + 2 ln x + 3 + c
2
2
2
8 x + 2 x 24
dx
14
( x 2 + 4 x )( x 2)
10

3x

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 22 of 46

8 x 2 + 2 x 24
dx
x( x + 4) ( x 2)
A
B
C
= +
+
dx
x x+4 x2
3
4
1
= +
+
dx
x x+4 x2
=

= 3ln x + 4ln x + 4 + ln x 2 + c
15

3x2 + 8 x 8
dx
( x + 2)(2 x 2 3 x 2)

3x 2 + 8 x 8
dx
( x + 2)(2 x + 1)( x 2)
A
B
C
=
+
+
dx
x + 2 2x + 1 x 2
1
3
1
=
+
+
dx
x + 2 2x + 1 x 2
3
= ln x + 2 + ln 2 x + 1 + ln x 2 + c
2
43 22 x 3 x 2
dx
(2 x 2 7 x + 3) ( x + 2)

16

43 22 x 3 x 2
dx
(2 x 1)( x 3) ( x + 2)
A
B
C
=
+
+
dx
2x 1 x 3 x + 2
5
2
3
=

+
dx
2x 1 x 3 x + 2
5
=
ln 2 x 1 2ln x 3 + 3 ln x + 2 + c
2
1
dx
17
2
x( x + 1)
1
A Bx + C
+ 2
2
x( x + 1) x
x +1
1
1
x

dx =

dx
x( x 2 + 1)
x x2 + 1
1
= ln x ln x 2 + 1 + c
2
1
dx
18
x3 8
1
=
dx
2
( x 2)( x + 2 x + 4)
1
A
Bx + C

+ 2
2
( x 2)( x + 2 x + 4) x 2 x + 2 x + 4
=

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 23 of 46

1
1
x+
1
1 / 12
3 dx
dx
=
12
x3 8
x 2 x2 + 2x + 4
1/12
1
=
dx
ln x 2
x2
12
1
1
x+
x+4
12
3 dx = 1
dx
2
2
x + 2x + 4
12 x + 2 x + 4
1
2x + 8
=
dx
2
24 x + 2 x + 4
1
2x + 2
1
6
=
dx +
dx
2
2
24 x + 2 x + 4
24 x + 2 x + 4
1
2x + 2
1
1
=
dx +
dx
2
2
24 x + 2 x + 4
4 x + 2x + 4
1
1
1
=
ln x 2 + 2 x + 4 +
dx
24
4 ( x + 1)2 + 3
1
1
1
=
ln x 2 + 2 x + 4 +
dx
24
4 ( x + 1)2 + 3 2

x +1
1
1 1
ln x 2 + 2 x + 4 +
tan 1
+c
24
4
3
3

x +1
1
1
1
3
=
dx
ln x 2 +
ln x 2 + 2 x + 4 +
tan 1
+c
8
12
24
12
3
5x2 4 x + 4
dx
( x + 2) ( x 2 2 x + 2)
Using the methods from the chapter on partial fractions,

19

( )

=
A

16
9
6
=
,B =
,C
5
5
5

9
6
x
5x2 4 x + 4
16 / 5
5

+ 5
( x + 2) ( x 2 2 x + 2) x + 2 x 2 2 x + 2
9
6
x
5x2 4 x + 4
16 / 5
5
5 dx
=
dx
+ 2
2
( x + 2)( x 2 x + 2)
x + 2 x 2x + 2

16
1
1
9x 6
dx + 2
dx

5 x+2
5 x 2x + 2
9
(2 x 2) + 3
16
1
1 2
=
dx + 2
dx
5 x+2
5 x 2x + 2
16
1
9
(2 x 2)
3
1
dx + 2
dx + 2
dx
=

5 x+2
10 x 2 x + 2
5 x 2x + 2
1
1
=
Now 2
x 2 x + 2 ( x 1) 2 + 1
=

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 24 of 46

5x2 4 x + 4
16
1
9
2x 2
3
1
dx =
dx +
dx +
dx
2
2
( x + 2)( x 2 x + 2)
5 x+2
10 x 2 x + 2
5 ( x 1) 2 + 1
16
9
3
=
ln x + 2 +
ln x 2 2 x + 2 + tan 1 ( x 1) + c
5
10
5
4x2 + 4x + 1
dx
20
x( x + 1)
4
2
x + x 4x2 + 4x + 1

4x2 + 4x
1
4x2 + 4x + 1
1
= 4+

x ( x + 1)
x ( x + 1)
A
B
=4 + +
x x +1
1
1
=4 +
x x +1

4x2 + 4x + 1
dx =
x( x + 1)

4 + x x + 1 dx

= 4 x + ln x ln x + 1 + c
21

x + 3x 2
dx
x2 1
x2 + 1
x 2 1 x 4 + 3x 2
4

x4 x2
x 2 + 3x 2
x2

1
3x 1

x + 3x 2
3x 1
x2 + 1 +
2
x 1
( x 1)( x + 1)
A
B
x2 + 1 +
+
x 1 x +1
1
2
x2 + 1 +
+
x 1 x +1
4

x 4 + 3x 2
1
2
dx= x 2 + 1 +
+
dx
2
x 1
x 1 x +1
1 3
=
x + x + ln x 1 + 3 ln x + 1 + c
3
x3 + x2 + 2 x + 1
dx
x( x 2 + 1)

22

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 25 of 46

1
x3 + x x3 + x2 + 2x + 1
x3 + x
x2 + x + 1

x3 + x 2 + 2 x + 1
x2 + x + 1
1+
3
x +x
x( x 2 + 1)

x 2 + x + 1 A Bx + C
+ 2
x( x 2 + 1) x
x +1
1
1
1+ + 2
x x +1

x3 + x2 + 2x + 1
1
1
dx = 1 + + 2
dx
3
x +x
x x +1

=
x + ln x + tan 1 ( x) + c
23

x 2 + 3x + 3
dx
x2 + 2 x + 1
1
2
x + 2 x + 1 x 2 + 3x + 3
x2 + 2x + 1

x+2

x + 3x + 3
x+2
d=
x
1+ 2
dx
2
+ 2x + 1
x + 2x + 1
x+2
x+2
A
B
=

+
x 2 + 2 x + 1 ( x + 1) 2 x + 1 ( x + 1) 2
1
1

+
x + 1 ( x + 1) 2
3

x3 + 3x + 3
1
1
dx =1 +
+
dx
2
x + 2x + 1
x + 1 ( x + 1)2
1
= x + ln x + 1
+C
x +1

24

3x 2 + 3x + 2
A
Bx + C

+ 2
2
(2 x + 1) ( x + 1) 2 x + 1 x + 1
3x2 + 3x + 2 A (x2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (2x + 1)
1 3 3
5
When x =
, +2= A
2 4 2
4
5 5
= A
4 4
A=1
When x = 0, 2 = A + C C = 1
Equating coefficients of x2, 3 = A + 2B B = 1
3x 2 + 3x + 2
1
x +1

+ 2
2
(2 x + 1)( x + 1) 2 x + 1 x + 1

3x 2 + 3x + 2
dx=
0 (2 x + 1)( x 2 + 1)

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

1
x
1
+ 2
+ 2
dx
0 2x + 1
x +1 x +1

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 26 of 46

1
1

= ln 2 x + 1 + ln x 2 + 1 + tan 1 ( x)
2
2
0
1
1

= ln (3) + ln(2) +
2
2
4
1

=
ln 6 +
2
4
2
4 x + 5x + 6
A
Bx + C

+
25
( x + 2)( x 2 + 9) x + 2 x 2 + 9

4 x 2 + 5 x + 6= A( x 2 + 9) + ( Bx + C ) ( x + 2)
When x = 2, 16 10 + 6 = 13A
12
A=
13
108
= 2C
When x = 0, 6 = 9A + 2C 6
13
30
=
2C
13
15
C=
13
Equating coefficients of x2, 4 = A + B B = 4

12 40
=
13 13

40
15
x
4 x 2 + 5 x + 6 12 / 13 13
13
=
+
( x + 2)( x 2 + 9)
x+2
x2 + 9
40
15
x
4 x 2 + 5x + 6
12 / 13 13
13 dx
dx

=
+
2
2
( x + 2)( x + 9)
x+2
x +9
40
x
12 / 13 13
15 / 13
=
+ 2

dx
x+2
x + 9 x 2 + 32

12
20
15 1
x
ln x + 2 +
ln x 2 + 9 tan 1 + c
13
13
13
3

3
12
20
5
x
=
ln x + 2 +
ln x 2 + 9 tan 1 + c
13
13
13
3
3
2
x +x +x+2
dx
26
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2
x2 + 2
x 2 + 1 x 4 + 3x 2 + 2
=

x4 + x2
2x2 + 2
2x2 + 2
0
3
2
x + x + x + 2 Ax + B Cx + D
2
+ 2
( x 2 + 1)( x 2 + 2)
x +1
x +2

x3 + x 2 + x + 2= ( Ax + B) ( x 2 + 2) + (Cx + D) ( x 2 + 1)

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 27 of 46

Equating coefficients of x3, 1 = A + C

Equating coefficients of x2, 1 = B + D
Equating coefficients of x, 1 = 2A + C
Equating constants, 2 = 2B + D
Using [1] and [2], C = 1 A = 0
Using [3] and [4], D = 0 B = 1
x3 + x2 + x + 2
1
x
=
dx
+ 2
dx

4
2
2
x + 3x + 2
x +1 x + 2
1
= tan 1 ( x) + ln x 2 + 2 + c
2
2
1
3x 5
dx
27
0 ( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2)

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]

3x 2 5
Ax + B
C
2
+
2
( x + x + 1)( x 2) x + x + 1 x 2

3x 2 5= ( Ax + B) ( x 2) + C ( x 2 + x + 1)
When x = 2, 7 = 7C C = 1
Equating coefficients of x2, 3 = A + C A = 2
Equating constants 5 = 2B + C B = 3
3x 2 5
2x + 3
1
= 2
+
2
( x + x + 1)( x 2) x + x + 1 x 2
1 2x + 3
3x 2 5
1
=
dx
+
dx
2
2
0 ( x + x + 1)( x 2)
0 x + x +1
x2
1 2x + 1 + 2
1
dx
=
+
0 x2 + x + 1
x2
1 2x + 1
2
1
dx
=
+ 2
+
0 x2 + x + 1
x + x +1 x 2
1 2x + 1
2
1
dx
= 2
+
+
2
0 x + x +1
x
2
1 3

x + 2 + 4

x+
1
2 + ln ( x 2)
ln x 2 + x + 1 + 2
tan 1
3

2
2

3
1

4 3
4
3
tan 1 2 + ln 1 ln 1 +
tan 1 2
= ln 3 +
3
3

3
3

2
2

4 3 4 3
=
ln 3 +

ln 2
3 6
3 3
3 4 3
= ln +

2 18

+ ln 2

3 2
= ln +
3
2 9

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 28 of 46

Try these 4.8

(a)

sin x dx = sin x sin x dx

= sin x(1 cos x) dx
= sin x(1 2 cos x + cos x) dx
= sin x 2sin x cos x + sin x cos
5

x dx

x dx

2
1
cos3 x cos5 x + c
3
5
5
(b) cos x dx = cos x cos 4 x dx
= cos x +

cos x(1 sin x) dx

= cos x(1 2sin x + sin x) dx
= cos x 2 cos x sin x + cos x sin
2

2 3
1
sin x + sin 5 x + c
3
5
2
1 + cos 2 x
4
(c) cos x dx =
dx
2

1
= 1 + 2 cos 2 x + cos 2 2 xdx
4
1
1 + cos 4 x
dx
= 1 + 2 cos 2 x +
4
2
1 3
1
= + 2 cos 2 x + cos 4 xdx
4 2
2
13
1

= x + sin 2 x + sin 4 x + c
42
8

= sin x

Try these 4.9

(a)

tan x dx = tan x (sec x 1)dx

= tan x sec x tan x ) dx
= tan x sec x sec x + 1) dx
4

1 3
tan x tan x + x + c
3
(b) tan 5 x dx = tan 3 x tan 2 x dx
=

tan
= tan
= tan
= tan
=

x(sec 2 x 1) dx

x sec 2 x tan 3 x dx

x sec 2 x tan x tan x 2 dx

x sec 2 x tan x(sec 2 x 1) dx

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 29 of 46

tan

1
1
tan 4 x tan 2 x + ln sec x + c
4
2

x sec 2 x tan x sec 2 x + tan x dx

Try these 4.10

(a) cos 6 x sin 3 x dx

2 cos 6sin 3x = sin 9 x sin 3 x

1
1
cos 6 x sin 3 x = sin 9 x sin 3 x
2
2
1
1
cos 6 x sin 3 x dx = sin 9 x sin 3 x dx
2
2
1
1
= cos 9 x + cos 3 x + c
18
6

(b)

cos8 x cos 2 x dx

2 cos8 x cos 2 x = cos10 x + cos 6 x

1
cos8 x cos 2 x dx = 2 cos10 x + cos 6 x dx
1 1
1

= sin10 x + sin 6 x + c
2 10
6

(c) sin10 x sin x dx

2sin10 x sin x = cos11x cos 9 x

1
sin10 x sin x dx = cos11x cos 9 x dx
2
1 1
1

= sin11x sin 9 x + c
2 11
9

Try these 4.11

1 1 x
tan + c
3
3
1
1
1
5x
dx =
dx
tan 1 + c
(b) =
2
2
2
4 + 25 x
2 + (5 x)
10
2
4
4
dx =
(c) 2
dx
2
9 x + 6 x + 16

1 15
9 x + +
3
9

4
1
=
dx
2
2
9

1
15

x+
3 9

(a)

dx =
dx
=
9+ x
3 +x
2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

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Page 30 of 46

1
x+

4
9
3 +c
=
tan 1
9
15
15

1
x+

4
3 +c
=
tan 1
15
3 15

9
(d)

dx
x2 2x
x2 2 x =
( x 2 + 2 x )

=
1 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)
1
1

dx =
dx

2
x 2x
1 ( x + 1) 2
sin 1 ( x + 1) + c
Exercise 4E
1
2

(tan x) 4
+c
4
1
1
1
sin 7 x sin 3x dx =

(cos10 x cos 4 x) dx =

sin10 x + sin 4 x + c
2
20
8
1
1
= sin 4 x
sin10 x + c
8
20
1
dx
(a)
25 x 2 + 4
1
1
=
dx
4
25
x2 +
25
1
1
=
dx
2
25
2
2
x +
5

2
tan 3 x sec
=
x dx

2
(tan x)3 sec
=
x dx

x
1 5
+c
=
tan 1
25 2
2
5
1
5x
=
tan 1 + c
10
2
1
dx
(b)
16 x 2 + 9

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 31 of 46

1
16

1
16

1
x2 +

9
16
1

dx

3
x +
4

dx

1 4
x
=
tan 1
+c
16 3
3 / 4

1
4x
tan 1 + c
12
3
1
1
1
dx =
dx
2
2
2x + 6
2 x +3
1
1
=
dx
2 x2 + 3 2

(c)

=
4

cos

( )

x
tan 1
+c
2 3
3
1

x sin 4 x dx
2

1 + cos2 x 1 cos2 x
=

dx

2
2

1
= (1 + cos2 x ) (1 2 cos2 x + cos2 2 x ) dx
8
1
= 1 2cos 2 x + cos 2 2 x + cos 2 x 2cos 2 2 x + cos3 2 x dx
8
1
= 1 cos2 x cos2 2 x + cos3 2 x dx
8
1
1 1 + cos 4 x
1
=1 cos 2 x dx
dx +
cos 2 x (1 sin 2 2 x) dx
8
8
2
8
3
1
1
1
1 1
1 sin 2 x 1 sin 2 x
= x sin 2 x x + sin 4 x +
+c

8
2
8
8 2
8 2 8 23

1
1
1
=
x
sin 4 x
sin 3 2 x + c
16
64
48

/4

tan 2 x sec 4 x dx

=
=

/4

0
/ 4

tan 2 x (1 + tan 2 x) sec 2 x dx

tan 2 x sec 2 x + tan 4 x sec 2 x dx

/4

1
1

tan 3 x + tan 5 x
3
5
0

( )

( )

1
1
tan 3 + tan 5
4 5
4
3
1 1
=
+
3 5

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 32 of 46

8
15

1
dx
+ 6 x + 13
1
=
dx
( x + 3)2 + 4
1
=
dx
( x + 3)2 + 2 2

1
x + 3
tan 1
+c
2
2

=
7

4 x 2 dx

x = 2 sin so = sin-1
dx = 2 cos d

4 x2 =

x
2

4 4sin 2

4(1 sin 2 )

= 4 cos2
= 2 cos

4 x 2 dx =
2 cos (2 cos ) d

= 4 cos2 d

1 + cos2

2 d
2 1 + cos 2 d

=4

=
2 + sin 2 + c
2

2 [ + sin cos ] + c
=

x x 4 x
=
2 sin 1 +
+c
2
2 2

1
(a)
cos8=
x cos6 x dx
(cos14 x + cos2 x ) dx
2
1
1
=
sin14 x + sin 2 x + c
28
4
1
(b)
x cos3 x dx
sin 7=
(sin10 x + sin 4 x ) dx
2
1
1
=

cos10 x cos 4 x + c
20
4
1
(c)
cos6 x=
sin 2 x dx
(sin8 x sin 4 x ) dx
2
1
1
=
cos8 x + cos 4 x + c
16
8

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 33 of 46

1
dx
4 x + 4 x + 10
4x2 + 4x + 10 = 4(x2 + x) + 10

= 4 x + + 10 1

2
2

= 4x + +9

2
1
1
dx =
2
0 4 x + 4 x + 10

1
4

x +

1 3
+
2 2

4 x +

1
2
+3
2

dx

dx

1 2 1 x + 2
= tan

4 3
3

2 0
1
1
1
tan 1 (1) tan 1
=
3
6
6
= 0.077
10
(a) x2 + 2x + 3 = (x2 2x) + 3
= (x 1)2 + 3 + 1
= 4 (x 1)2
1
1
dx =
dx
2
3 + 2x x
4 ( x 1)2

x 1
= sin 1
+c
2
(b) x2 4x + 5 = (x2 + 4x) + 5
= (x + 2)2 + 5 + 4
= 9 (x + 2)2
1
1
dx =
dx
5 4 x x2
9 ( x + 2)2

x+2
= sin 1
+c
3
(c) x2 6x + 7 = (x2 + 6x) + 7
= (x + 3)2 + 7 + 9
= 16 (x + 3)2
1
1
dx =
dx
2
7 6x x
16 ( x + 3)2
x + 3
= sin1
+c
4
1
dx
11
2
x 4 + x2
x = 2 tan

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 34 of 46

dx = 2 sec2 d
x2 = 4 tan2

4 + x2 =

4 + 4 tan 2

4 (1 + tan 2 )

= 4sec 2
= 2 sec
1

dx
4 + x2
1
=
2sec 2 d
2
4 tan (2sec )
1 sec
d
=
4 tan 2
1
1
cos2
=

d
4 cos sin 2
1 cos
=
d
4 sin 2
1
1
dx =
cos (sin )2 d
2
2
4
x 4+x
2

1 (sin ) 1
+c
1
4
1
=

+c
4sin
x
x
tan = , so sin =
2
2
x +4

12

1 x2 + 4
dx =

+c
4
x
4 + x2
1

1 cos x dx

1 cos d =
2sin 2 d
2

2 sin2 = 1 cos 2

2 sin2 = 1 cos
2

2 sin d
2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 35 of 46

=
2 2 cos + c
2
13

x2
dx
2
0 1+ x
x = tan
dx = sec2 d
1 + x2 = 1 + tan2 = sec2
When x = 0, tan = 0 = 0

x = 1, tan = 1 =
4
2
1

/
4
x
tan 2

=
sec 2 d
d
x
0 1 + x2
0
sec 2

/4

0
/ 4

tan 2 d
sec 2 1 d

[ tan ]0

/4

=1
4 4
4
sin x
dx
1 + cos x
Let u = 1 + cos x
du = sin x dx
du = sin x dx
1 + cos x =
u
=tan

14

sin x
dx=
1 + cos x

= u

1
2

1
du
u

du

u1/ 2
+c
1/ 2
=
2u1/ 2 + c
Since u = 1 + cos x
sin x
dx =
2 1 + cos x + c

1 + cos x

15

dx
9 x2
x = 3 sin
dx = 3 cos d
x2 = 9 sin2
2

9 x2 =
=

9 9sin 2

9 (1 sin 2 )

= 9 cos2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 36 of 46

= 3 cos

3cos
dx =
d
2
9sin ( 3cos )
9x
1

9sin

9 cosec d

d
2

1
1
cot + c
cosec 2 d =
9
9

Since sin =

x
, cot =
3

9 x2
x

2
1 9x
dx =

+c
9
x
9 x2

Review exercise 4
1

(a)

x (1 + x)

1/ 2

dx

dv
= (1 + x )1/ 2
dx
du
2
= 1, v = (1 + x )3 / 2
dx
3
1/ 2
2
2
x (1 + x ) dx =
x (1 + x )3 / 2
(1 + x )3 / 2 dx
3
3
5/ 2
2
2
(1
+
x
)
=
x (1 + x)3/ 2
+c
3
3 5/2
2
4
=
x (1 + x)3/ 2 (1 + x)5/ 2 + c
3
15

u = x,

/4

(b) (i)

2cos

4 x dx

1 + cos2 x
2
1
+
cos8
x
cos2 4 x =
2

Using cos2 x =

/ 4

/ 4

2cos 2 4 x =
dx

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

1 + cos8x dx
0

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 37 of 46

/ 4

= x + sin 8 x
8

0
1
=
+ sin 2
4 8

=
4

(ii)

1
2
(ln x) dx =
x

1
3
3 (ln x)
1

1
1
(ln 2)3 (l n1)3
3
3
1
3
= (ln 2)
3
= 0.111

x cosec ( x) dx
2

u = x,

dv
= cosec 2 x
dx

du
= 1,
dx

x cosec
3

v = cot x
2

x dx =
x cot x + cot x dx

= x cot x + ln sinx + c
2 2x + 1
2
2
3
2 x 3 ln x + 2
dx =2
dx =
(a)
1
1
1
x+2
x+2
= (4 3 ln 4) (2 3 ln 3)
= 4 3 ln 4 2 + 3 ln 3
= 2 + 3(ln 3 - ln 4)

3
= 2 + 3 ln
4
1
1
dx
(b)
0 (1 + x )(2 x )
1
A
B

+
(1 + x)(2 x) 1 + x 2 x
1 = A(2 x) + B (1 + x)
1
When x = 2, 1 = 3B B =
3
1
When x = 1, 1 = 3A A =
3
1
1
1
3 + 3

=
(1 + x)(2 x) 1 + x 2 x
1
1
1 1 1
1
=
dx
+
dx
0 (1 + x )(2 x )
0
3 1+ x 2 x
1
1
=
ln (1 + x ) ln (2 x )] 0
[
3

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 38 of 46

1 1 + x
1 2 1 1
= ln =
ln ln

3 2 x 0 3 1 3 2
1
=
ln (2 2)
3
1
= ln 4
3
1
dx
(a)
2
( x 9)3 / 2
x = 3 sec
dx
= 3sec tan
d
dx = 3 sec tan d
/2
(x 2 9)3=
(9sec 2 9)3 / 2

3/2

= 9(sec 2 1)
= (9 tan2)3/2
= 27 tan3
1
1
dx =
3sec tan d

2
3/ 2
( x 9)
27 tan 3
1 sec
=
d
9 tan 2
1
1
cos2
=

d
9 cos sin 2
1
=
(sin )2 cos d
9
1 (sin ) 1
=
+c
1
9
1
=
+c
9sin

=
Now sec

x
3
, so cos
=
3
x

x2 9
sin =
x
1
1
x

+c
( x 2 9)3/2 =
2
9 x 9

(b)

) dx
x (1 + 3x=
2 1/ 2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

1
6 x (1 + 3x 2 )1/ 2 dx
6

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 39 of 46

1 (1 + 3x 2 )3/ 2
+c
6 3 / 2
1
=(1 + 3x 2 )3/ 2 + c
9
1
4x
dx
0
2x
x = 4 sin2
dx = 8 sin cos d

4x
=
2x

4 4sin 2
=
8sin 2

4(1 sin 2 )
8sin 2

4 cos2
1 cos
=
2
8sin
2 sin
Change the limits:
When x = 0, sin = 0 = 0
1

When x = 1, sin = =
2
6

/6 1
4 x2
cos
8 sin cos d
dx =
0
0
2x
2 sin
8 /6 2
=
cos d
2 0
8 / 6 1 + cos 2
d
=
2
2 0

/6

+ 2 sin 2
0
4 1

=
+ sin

6
2
3
2

3
= 2 2 +

4
6

3
= 2 +

2
3
5
2
dx
6
2
4 x 5x + 6
2
2
=
2
x 5 x + 6 ( x 2)( x 3)
2
A
B

+
( x 2)( x 3) x 2 x 3
2 = A (x 3) + B (x 2)
When x = 3, 2 = B
When x = 2, 2 = A, A = 2
5
5 2
2
2

dx =
+
dx
2
4 x 5x + 6
4 x 2
x3
4
2

= [2 ln | x 2 | + 2ln | x 3 |]4
5

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 40 of 46

x 3
= 2ln

x 2 4

2
1
= 2 ln 2 ln
3
2
2 1
= 2ln
3 2
4
= 2 ln
3
2

4
16
= ln=
ln
3
9
7

1 + cos8 x
dx
2
1
1

= x + sin 8 x + c
2
8

sin

(a)

4 x dx =

ln ( x + 4) dx

(b)

u = ln (x + 4),

dv
=1
dx

du
1
= =
, v x
dx x + 4

ln ( x + 4) d=x

x ln ( x + 4)

x + 4 dx

4
dx
x+4
= x ln ( x + 4) x + 4 ln ( x + 4) + c

= x ln ( x + 4) 1

xe

(c)

3x

dx

dv
= e3 x
dx
du
1
= 1, v = e3 x
dx
3
1 3x
1 3x
3x
dx
xe=
xe
e dx
3
3
1
1
= xe3 x e3 x + c
3
9

u = x,

x 3 ln x dx

dv
= x3
dx
du 1
1 4
= =
,v
x
dx x
4

u = lnx,

=
x ln x dx x 4 ln x
1
4
1

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

1 3
x dx
4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 41 of 46

1 1
1

= e 4 ln e ln1 x 4
4 16 1
4
1
1
1
= e4 e4
4
16
16
1
3
=
+ e4
16 16
1
=
(1 + 3e 4 )
16
9

4 x dx

Let y = 4x
ln y = x ln 4
1 dy
= ln 4
y dx
dy
= 4 x ln 4
dx
d
4 x = 4 x ln 4

dx
[ 4 x ]0 =
4 x ln 4 dx
4

44 40 =
ln 4

4 x dx

1
[ 63] =
ln 4

4 x dx

63
4 x dx =
0
ln 4
5
A
Bx + C

+
( x + 1)( x 2 + 4) x + 1 x 2 + 4

10

=
5 A( x 2 + 4) + ( Bx + C ) ( x + 1)
When x =1, 5 =
5A A =
1
When x = 0, 5 = 4 A + C C = 1

Equating coefficients of x 2 , 0 =
A+ B B=
1
5
1
1 x
=
+

( x + 1)( x 2 + 4) x + 1 x 2 + 4
2
2
5
1
1 x
=
dx
+ 2
dx
2
0 ( x + 1)( x + 4)
0 x +1
x +4
2
1
1
x
=
+ 2
2
dx
0 x +1
x +4 x +4

1
1
1 x
2
ln x + 1 2 tan 2 2 ln x + 4

1
1
1
1

= ln 3 tan 1 (1) ln 8 ln 1 tan 1 (0) ln 4

2
2
2
2

1
1
= ln 3 ln 8 + ln 4
8 2
2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 42 of 46

1 1
+ ln
8 2 2
3
= ln

2 8
1
A
B
C

+
+
11
( x 1) 2 ( x 2) x 1 ( x 1) 2 x 2
1 = A(x 1) (x 2) + B (x 2) + C (x 1)2
When x = 1, 1 = B, B = 1
When x = 2, 1 = C
Equating coefficients of x2 0 = A + C A = 1
1
1
1
1
=

2
2
( x 1) ( x 2)
x 1 ( x 1)
x2
1
1
1
1
dx =

+
dx
2
2
( x 1) ( x 2)
x 1 ( x 1)
x2
1
= ln x 1 +
+ ln | x 2 | + c
x 1
1
=
+ ln | x 2 | ln x 1 + c
x 1
3
1
dx
12
2
2
0 ( x + 9)
x = 3 tan
dx = 3 sec2 d
(x2 + 9)2 = (9 tan2 + 9)2
= [9 (1 + tan2)]2
= 81 sec4
3

When x = 3 , tan =
=
3
6
When x = 0, tan = 0 = 0
3
/ 6 3sec 2 d
1
=
d
x
0 ( x 2 + 9) 2
0
81 sec 4
1 /6 1
=
d
27 0 sec 2
1 /6 2
=
cos d
27 0
1 /6 2
1 / 6 1 + cos 2
cos d =
d
27 0
27 0
2
= ln 3

1
54

/6

+ 2 sin 2
0

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 43 of 46

1 1

+ sin

54 6 2
3
1 1 3
=
+

54 6 2 2
1
3
=
+

54 6
4
13
x2 6x + 16
= (x2 + 6x) + 16
= (x2 + 6x + (3)2) + 16 (1) (3)2
= 25 (x + 3)2
1
1
x + 3
dx
=
= s in 1

+c
5
x 2 6 x + 16
25 ( x + 3) 2
=

14

1
dx
4
( x 4) (7 x )
x = 4 cos2 + 7 sin2
dx = (8 cos sin + 14 sin cos) d
dx = 6 sin cos d
(x 4) (7 x) = (4 cos2 + 7 sin2 4) (7 4 cos2 7 sin2)
= (4 (1 cos2) + 7 sin2) (7 (1 sin2) 4 cos2)
= (4 sin2 + 7 sin2) (7 cos2 4 cos2)
= (3 sin2) (3 cos2)
= 9 sin2 cos2

( x=
4)(7 x )

2
9sin
=
cos2 3sin cos

When x = 7, 7 = 4 cos2 + 7 sin2

7 = 4(1 sin2) + 7 sin2

3 = 3 sin2 sin = 1, =
2
When x = 4, 4 = 4 cos2 + 7 sin2
4 = 4 (1 sin2) + 7 sin2
4 = 4 + 3 sin2
sin = 0 = 0
7
/ 2 6sin cos
1
dx =
d =

4
0
3sin cos
( x 4)(7 x)

15

/ 2

/ 2

2d = [ 2 ]0 = 2 =
2

/12

x sin 3x dx

dv
= sin 3 x
dx
du
1
= 1, v = cos 3x
dx
3

u = x,

/12

/12

1
1

x sin 3x dx =
3 x cos3x + 3
0

1
3
=
cos
+
3 12
12

/12

cos3x dx

/12

9 sin 3x
0

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 44 of 46

36

2 1

+ sin
2
9
4
2
2
=

+
72
18
2
=
(4 )
72
15 13x + 4 x 2
A
B
C

+
+
16
(1 x) 2 (4 x) 1 x (1 x) 2 4 x
15 13x + 4x2 = A(1 x) (4 x) + B (4 x) + C (1 x)2
When x = 1, 6 = 3B, B = 2
When x = 4, 15 52 + 64 = 9C, 27 = 9C, C = 3
Equating coefficients of x2, 4 = A + C A = 1
15 13x + 4 x 2
1
2
3

+
+

(1 x) 2 (4 x) 1 x (1 x) 2 4 x

15 13 x + 4 x 2
dx =
2
2 (1 x ) (4 x )

1
2
3
+
+
dx
1 x (1 x )2 4 x
3

2
= ln 1 x +
3ln 4 x
1 x

2
2

= ln 2 +
3ln 1 ln 1 2 3ln 2
2

= ln 2 1 + 2 + 3 ln 2
= 1 + 2 ln2

17

/6

sec 2 2 x dx

/6

= tan 2 x
2
0
1

=
tan
2
3

/6

3
2

=
tan 2 2 x dx

/6

sec 2 2 x 1 dx

/6
3
[ x ]0
2
3
=

2
6
1 1 x2
dx
18
2 2
0 (1 + x )
x = tan
dx = sec2 d
1 x2 = 1 tan2
1 + x2 = 1 + tan2 = sec2

When x = 1, tan = 1 =

When x = 0, tan = 0 = 0
/ 4 1 tan 2
/4
sec 2 =
d
(1 tan 2 ) cos 2 d
4
0
0
sec

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 45 of 46

/ 4

0
/ 4

cos 2 sin 2 d
cos 2 d
/ 4

= sin 2
2
0
1
1
= =
sin
2
2 2
2
x + x7
Ax + B
C

+
19
( x 2 + 2 x + 2) ( x 1) x 2 + 2 x + 2 x 1
x2 + x 7 = (Ax + B) (x 1) + C (x2 + 2x + 2)
When x = 1, 5 = 5C C = 1
Equating coefficients of x2, 1 = A + C A = 2
When x = 0, 7 = B + 2C B = 5
x2 + x 7
2x + 5
1
2
2

( x + 2 x + 2)( x 1) x + 2 x + 2 x 1
2x + 2
3
1
= 2
+ 2

x + 2x + 2 x + 2x + 2 x 1
x2 + x 7
dx
( x + 2 x + 2)( x 1)
2x + 2
3
=
dx +
dx
2
x + 2x + 2
( x + 1) 2 + 1

x 1 dx

= ln x 2 + 2 x + 2 + 3 tan 1 ( x + 1) ln x 1 + c
/2

20

cos x dx

x dv
=
u e=
,
cos x
dx
du
x
, v sin x
= e=
dx
/2

e cos x dx
=

/ 2

e x sin x
0

/ 2

e x sin x dx

/ 2

Now look at

sin x dx

x dv
,
sin x
=
u e=
dx
du
= e x , v = cos x
dx
/ 2

So

/ 2

/ 2

e x cos x +
e x sin x dx =
0

/ 2

cos x dx

/ 2

e x sin x + e x cos x
e x cos x dx =
0

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

/ 2

cos x dx

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Page 46 of 46

/2

e x cos x =
dx e / 2 1

/2

=
e x cos
x dx

1 /2
(e 1)
2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 4

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013