Get with the
PROGRAMMING
SCRATCH
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Coding
is a hoot!
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www.dk.com
What is Scratch?
A computer doesnt have a smart brain
like you, so everything you want it to do
must be broken down into lists of
simple instructions called programs.
Giving instructions to the computer is
known as programming, or coding.
What Youll Learn:
To do tasks, computers
need simple instructions
called programs
Scratch is a great place
to start programming
What the ingredients of
a Scratch project are
A program is a list of
instructions for the
computer
What Does a Computer Understand?
Instructions for computers have to be written
following special rules and using only words the
computer understands. These words and rules make
up a programming language. There are lots of
different programming languages. Many have funny
names, such as JavaScript, C++, and Python.
What is Scratch?
Scratch is a computer programming language thats
easy for beginners to use. In Scratch, programs are
made by joining together coloured blocks using the
mouse. These groups of blocks (called scripts) tell
characters on the screen (called sprites) what to do.
Scratch is free, safe, and fun to experiment with.
Scratch Projects
With Scratch, you can make your own interactive
stories, animations, games, music, and art.
Scratch has large collections (or libraries) of
cool graphics and fun sounds you can play
around with. Let your imagination
run wildyoull soon
pick up the coding
skills you need!
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The blocks fit
together like
jigsaw pieces
We can
make lots of
sounds!
Learn more at
www.dk.com and
http://scratch.mit.edu
What Makes Up a Scratch Project?
Heres a Scratch project. Think of it like a play. The action takes
place in an area called the stage. The actors (the sprites) are
controlled by lists of instructions (the scripts). Behind is the
backdrop the scenery, which can be changed.
Click the green flag to
run (start) a program
Shark patrol
by abcd (unshared)
Backdrop
(background
picture)
Click the red button to
stop a program
Add a script to make
the shark sprite move
Sprites are used for
all the objects we
want to move or
control
clicked
Scripts for Sprites
forever
next costume
wait
0.25 secs
move 10 steps
if on edge, bounce
This is an example of a script. It makes the shark
sprite bounce around the stage, opening and
closing its mouth. Each block gives an instruction
to the sprite. A block might tell a sprite to move,
change how it looks, talk in speech bubbles, react
to other sprites, or make a sound.
Show What You Know
Fill in the spaces to practice the key language of Scratch.
1. A ................................. is a set of instructions (program) in Scratch.
2. Objects that perform actions in a project are called ......................................
3. In a Scratch program, the action takes place on the ......................................
4. Starting a program is called ................................................. it.
5. A collection of sounds or graphics is called a ............................................
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Learn more at
www.dk.com and
http://scratch.mit.edu
Answers:
1. script, 2. sprites, 3. stage
4. running, 5. library
when
This is the stage
Scratch Activities
PROGRAM
MOVE TO A BEAT
Have your sprite dance to a drum beat.
Choose your sprite:
New sprite:
Choose a sprite
from the library
Enter the code:
when
clicked
forever
move 30 steps
play drum 1
for 0.25 beats
move -30 steps
play drum 2
for 0.25 beats
GO!
Click the green flag to
run (start) a program
PROGRAM
KEY MOVES
Use the arrow keys to move the sprite.
Enter the code:
GO!
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when up arrow key pressed
when down arrow key pressed
point in direction 0
point in direction 180
move
move
10
steps
10
steps
when left arrow key pressed
when right arrow key pressed
point in direction -90
point in direction 90
move
move
10
steps
10
Press the arrow
keys to move
Learn more at
www.dk.com and
http://scratch.mit.edu
steps
Scratch Activities
PROGRAM
COLOUR CHANGE
Press a key and change the colour of a sprite.
Choose your sprite:
New sprite:
Choose a sprite
from the library
Enter the code:
when space key pressed
change color
GO!
effect by 25
Press
space bar to
change colours
Tip:
change color
You can choose
a different effect
or
effect by 25
Type a
different
number
Then press
the space
bar again
PROGRAM
SAY SOMETHING
What do you want your sprite to say?
Choose your sprite:
New sprite:
Choose a sprite
from the library
Coding
is a hoot!
Enter the code:
when this sprite clicked
say Coding is a hoot! for 2
Type in any words
GO!
Click on the
sprite to start
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
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Learn more at
www.dk.com and
http://scratch.mit.edu
secs
Scratch
Glossary
animation
Changing pictures quickly to
make something appear to
move on the screen.
backdrop
The picture behind the sprites
on the stage.
LINGO
Why is it called Scratch?
Scratching is a way of mixing
different sounds to make new
music. The Scratch
programming language
enables you to mix pictures,
sounds, and scripts to make
new computer programs.
data
Informationfor example,
numbers or words.
debug
To remove bugs; to find and fix
the errors in a program.
operating system (OS)
The program that controls
everything on your computer,
such as OS X or Windows.
run
To start a program.
event
Something that happens on the
computer, like a mouse click.
script
A stack of instructions that are
run in order.
input
Data that goes into a program;
for example, from the keyboard.
sprite
A picture on the stage that a
script can move and change.
library
A collection of sprites, sounds,
or costumes.
stage
The area containing the sprites,
where a Scratch project runs.
loop
An instruction that makes other
instructions repeat.
string
The word used by programmers
for data that contains words.
condition
A true or false? question that
is used to make a decision in a
computer program.
program
A list of instructions that tell a
computer what to do.
costume
The picture a sprite shows
on the stage.
operator
A block that works something
out from data, such as adding
two numbers together.
variable
A place to store data in a
program. A variable always
has a name and a value.
backpack
A way to copy things between
Scratch projects.
block
An instruction in Scratch.
Blocks can be joined together.
bug
A mistake in a program. Its
called a bug because insects
got into the wiring of the first
computers, causing errors.
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
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Learn more at
www.dk.com and
http://scratch.mit.edu
