PHYSICS

Class

II IIT-JEE Achiever 2016-17

Intensive Revision Program
Solution to Worksheet - 13

Topics

Heat Transfer and Thermal Radiation

Date:

19-12-2016

Multiple choice questions with one correct alternative

1. Two bodies A and B having temperature 327C and 427C are radiating heat to the surroundings. The
surroundings temperature is 27C. The ratio of heat radiation of A to that of B is
(A) 5.2
(B) 0.32
(C) 0.52
(D) 3.2
Ans (C)
According to Stefans law
E = T 4 T04

E1 = [(600) (300)4]
E2 = 2 [(700)2 (300)4]
E1 (600) 4 (300)4
=
= 0.52
E 2 (700) 4 (300)4
2. Three rods of same dimensions have thermal conductivities 3K, 2K and K respectively. They are
arranged as shown below
50C
100C

3K

2K

K
T
0C

What will be the temperature T of the junction?

200
100
50
C
C
C
(A)
(B)
(C) 75C
(D)
3
3
3
Ans (A)
In equilibrium,
Rate of flow of heat through rod 1 = Sum of rate of flow of heat through rods 2 and 3
dQ dQ dQ
i.e.,
=
+

dt 1 dt 2 dt 3
or (3k) (100 T) = (2k) (T 50) + k (T 0)
200C
or 400 = 6T or T =
3
3. The ends A of a rod AB of length 1 m is maintained at 100C and the end B at 10C. The temperature at
a distance of 60 cm from the end B is
(A) 64C
(B) 36C
(C) 46C
(D) 72C
Ans (A)
Rate of flow of heat
2IIT1617PPWS13S

 KA(1 2 )
=
t
d
KA(100 ) KA( 10)

=
40
60
100 10
=
2
3
300 3 = 2 20
5 = 320
= 64C
4. A wall has two layers A and B, each made of different materials. Both layers are of same thickness. But,
the thermal conductivity of material A is twice that of B. If, in the steady state, the temperature
difference across the wall is 24 C, then the temperature difference across the layer B is
(A) 8 C
(B) 12 C
(C) 16 C
(D) 20 C
Ans (C)
k A ( 1 ) t k B ( 2 ) t
=
l
l
That is kA (1 ) = kB(2 )
Given that
kA= 2kB, therefore 2(1 )
= ( 2)
Also, (1 ) + ( 2) = 24
Solving these equations, we find
( 2) = 16 C
5. Heat is flowing through two cylindrical rods of same material. The diameter of the rods are in the ratio of
1 : 2 and lengths are in the ratio of 2 : 1. If the temperature difference across the ends of the rods is
same, then the ratio of heat conducted per second by them will be
(A) 1 : 1
(B) 1 : 2
(C) 1 : 4
(D) 1 : 8
Ans (D)
D 2
k 1 ( T1 T2 ) t
Q1 = 4
l1

D 22
k
( T1 T2 ) t
Q2 = 4
l2
Therefore,

Q1 D12l2 1 1 1
=
= =
Q 2 D 22l1 4 2 8

6. Two spheres of radii R1 and R2 have densities 1 and 2 and specific heat C1 and C2. If they are heated to
the same temperature, the ratio of their rates of cooling will be
R C
RC
R C
R C
(A) 2 2 2
(B) 1 2 2
(C) 2 1 2
(D) 2 2 1
R 11C1
R 2 1C1
R 12 C1
R 11C 2

Ans (A)
Rate of emission of radiations per unit area per second will be same for both the spheres. That is
2IIT1617PPWS13S

Q1
Q2
=
2
( 4R1 ) t ( 4R 22 ) t
or

m1C11
m C
= 2 22 2
2
( 4R1 ) t ( 4R 2 ) t

4 3
4 3
R 1 1C11 R 2 2 C2 2
3

or
= 3
2
( 4R1 ) t
( 4R 22 ) t

1
R C
Hence t = 2 2 2
2 R 11C1
t
7. A body cools in 7 minutes from 60C to 40C. What time (in minutes) does it take to cool from 40C to
28C if the surrounding temperature in 10C? Assume Newtons law of cooling is valid
(A) 3.5
(B) 10
(C) 7
(D) 10
Ans (C)
dQ
Rate of cooling ,
temperature difference
dt
60 40
= K(60 10)
In 1st case,
7
2
or K =
35
40 28
= K(40 10)
In 2nd case,
t
Hence t = 7 minutes.
8. The energy spectrum of a black body exhibits a maximum around a wavelength 0. The temperature of
the black body is now around a wavelength 30/4. The power radiated by one black body will now
increase by a factor of
64
256
4
16
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
27
81
3
9
Ans (B)
Let at temperature T, black body emits energy E at wavelength 0.
E (T)4
(i)
(From Stefans law)
Also, from Weins displacement law,
1

(ii)
T
Thus from (i) and (ii), we get

1
E
0

(iii)

Hence eqn (iii), we get

4

1
1
E or E

0
3 0 / 4

(iv)

From (iii) and (iv), we get

2IIT1617PPWS13S

 256
E =
E
81

9. The ends of two rods of different materials with their thermal conductivities, radii of cross sections and
lengths all in the ratio 1 : 2 are maintained at the same temperature difference. If the rate of flow of heat
in the larger rod is 4 cal/sec, then that in the shorter rod will be
(A) 1 cal/sec
(B) 2 cal/sec
(C) 8 cal/sec
(D) 16 cal/sec
Ans (A)
The amount of heat transmitted through a conductor is given by
KAt
Q=
l
Rate of transmission of heat,
Q KA
r= =
t
l
Since, temperature difference = constant.
Therefore, we have
KA
R
l
R 1 K1A1 / l1

=
R 2 K 2 A 2 / l2
or

R1 K1 A1 l2
=

R 2 K 2 A 2 l1
2

R k r l
therefore, 1 = 1 1 2
R 2 k 2 r2 l1
k
1 r 1 l 2
Substituting, 1 = ; 1 = ; 2 =
k 2 2 r2 2 l1 1
R2 = 4 cal s2
we get, R1 = 1 cal s1
10. Five rods of same dimensions are arranged as shown in the figure. They have thermal conductivities k1,
k2, k3, k4 and k5 when points A and B are maintained at different temperatures. No heat flows through the
C
central rod if
k1
k2
(A) k1k4 = k2k3
(B) k1 = k4 and k2 = k3
A
k5
B
k1 k 2
(C)
=
k3
k4
k 4 k3
D

(D) k1k2 = k3k4

Ans (A)
No heat flows through the central rod, if we have
K1 K 3
=
K2 K4
K1K4 = K2K3

2IIT1617PPWS13S

11. Three identical thermal conductors are connected as shown in the figure. Considering no heat loss due to
radiation, the temperature at the junction is
60 C
Q1
(A) 60C

20 C
(B) 20C
Q
(C) 50C
Q2
70 C
(D) 10C
Ans (C)
Suppose temperature of junction is . As no heat loss occurs, so
KA
KA
KA
(60 ) +
(70 ) =
( 20)
L
L
L
60 + 70 = = 20
130 2 = 20
3 = 150
= 50
12. The radiation emitted by a star A is 10,000 times than of the sun. If the surface temperature of the sun
and the star are 6000 K and 2000 K respectively, the ratio of the radii of the star A and the sun is
(A) 300 : 1
(B) 600 : 1
(C) 900 : 1
(D) 1200 : 1
Ans (C)
From Stefans law, we have
E = A e T4
E A T4
or E r2 T4
[ A = r2]

E
r 2T 4
r
E1 T2
1 = 12 14 1 =

E 2 r2 T2
r2
E 2 T1

Substituting
E1 = 10,000 E2; T1 = 6000 K;
r 900
T1 = 2000K; we get 1 =
r2
1
13. One end of a thermally insulated rod is kept at a temperature T1 and the other at T2. The rod is composed
of two sections of lengths l1 and l2 and thermal conductivities K1 and K2 respectively. The temperature at
the interface of the two sections is
(K1l1T1 + K 2l2T2 )
(A)
(K1l1 + K 2l2 )
(K 2l2T1 + K1l1T2 )
(B)
(K1l1 + K 2l2 )
(K 2l1T1 + K1l2T2 )
(C)
(K 2l1 + K1l2 )
(K1l2T1 + K 2l1T2 )
(D)
(K1l2 + K 2l1 )

Ans (D)
Two sections of thermally insulated rod are in series, therefore rate of flow of heat in them is
K1A(T1 T) K 2 A(T T2 )
=
l1
l2
2IIT1617PPWS13S

Where T is the temperature of the interface.

K1l2 (T1 T) = K2l1 (T T2)
or K1l2T1 K1l2T = K2l1T K2l1T2
or K1l2T1 + K2l2T2 = (K1l2 + K2l1) T
K l T + K 2l1T2
Hence T = 1 2 1
K1l2 + K 2l1
14. Two identical rods AC and CB made of two different metals having thermal conductivities in the ratio
2 : 3 are kept in contact with each other at the end C as shown in the figure. A is at 100C and B is at
25C. Then the junction C is at
(A) 55C
(B) 60C
(C) 75C
(D) 50C
Ans (A)
For conduction of heat
K ( )t
Q= A 1 2
d
Let temperature of junction
K1 (100 ) = K2 ( 25)
K1 25
=
K 2 100

2 25
=
3 100
3 75 = 200 2
5 = 275
= 55C
15. Two spheres of radii 8 cm and 2 cm are cooling. Their temperatures are 127C and 527C respectively.
Find the ratio of energy radiated by them at the same time.
(A) 0.06
(B) 0.5
(C) 1
(D) 2
Ans (C)
T1 = 127C = 273 + 127 K = 400 K
T2 = 527C = 273 + 527 K = 800 K
Now, Q = A 0, T4 t
Q
Q
A = 4r 2
AT 4 or, r 2T 4
t
t
2

Q r T 8 400
1 = 1 1 =

Q 2 r2 T2 2 800
2

1
1
= (4) = 16 = 1
16
2
2

2IIT1617PPWS13S

DPP
16. A spherical shell of inner radius R1 & outer shell R2 is having variable thermal conductivity given by
K = a0Tx where a0 is constant, T is temperature in Kelvin & r is the distance from centre. Two surfaces
of shell are maintained at temperature T1 (for inner surface) & T2 (outer surface) respectively. (T1 > T2).
Heat current flowing through the shell would be
4a 0 (T12 T22 )
4a 0 R12 R 22 (T12 T22 )
(A)
R1R 2
(B)
R 2 R1
R 22 R12
(C)

4a 0 (T1 T2 )R1R 2
R 2 R1

(D)

4a 0 (T12 T22 )(R1 + R 2 )2

R 2 R1

Ans (B)
Temperature is decreasing as we are going out, let at a distance x from the centre, the temperature
dT
gradient is
dx
dT
At this location, K = a 0Tx from H = a 0Tx 4x 2
dx
dT
H = a 0Tx 4x 2
dx

R2

2
Hdx
=

x 3 T 4a 0TdT
R1
1

H=

4a 0 R 12 R 22 (T12 T22 )
R 22 R 12

17. Three rods of material x and three rods of material y are connected as shown
in the figure. All the rods are of identical length and cross-section area. If the
end A is maintained at 60C and the junction E at 10C, calculate the
temperature of the junction D. The thermal conductivities of x and y are 0.92
and 0.46 SI units.
(A) 20C
(B) 30C
(C) 40C
(D) 35C
Ans (A)
Use the principle total heat entering at a junction is equal to total heat leaving that junction. If T1, T2 and
T3 are the temperature at B, C and D respectively, write equations at these junctions. Simplify these to
obtain.
4T1 2T2 T3 = 60
2T1 6T2 + 2T3 = 20
T1 + 2T2 4T3 = 10
The temperatures: at B 30C and at C, D 20C.
18. The figure shows a system of two concentric spheres of radii r1 and r2 and kept at temperatures T1 and T2
respectively. The radial rate of flow of heat in a substance between the two concentric spheres is
proportional to
r1r2
(A)
(B) (r2 r1)
(r2 r1 )
(C)

(r2 r1 )
r1r2

2IIT1617PPWS13S

r
(D) log 2
r1
7

Ans (A)

19. Assuming the sun to be a spherical body of radius R at a temperature of T K, evaluate the total radiant
power, incident on the earth, at a distance r from the sun, is
4r02 R 2 T 4
r02 R 2 T 4
r02 R 2 T 4
R 2 T 4
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
r2
r2
r2
4r 2
Ans (C)
Energy radiated per second by the sun:
E = T44R2
This energy falls uniformly on the inner surface of spheres centred around the sun. If r is the distance of
the earth from the sun, then energy falling per second on unit area of the sphere of radius r is
2R 2 T 4 R 2 T 4
=
2r 2
r2
It is only from the front hemisphere of the sun that the energy is falling on the earth and it is only on the
front half of the earth.
4R 2
4r 2
Therefore,
and
have to be used
2
2
The radiant power incident on the earth is given by
R 2 T 4 r02 R 2 T 4
Q = r02
=
r2
r2
20. An electric heater is placed inside a room of total wall area 137 m2 and maintained at a temperature 20C
inside, outside temperature 10C. The walls are made up of three composite materials. Innermost layer
is made up of wood of thickness 2.5 cm, middle layer is of cement of thickness 1 cm and the exterior
layer is 25 cm thick. Assuming there is no loss of heat through any other way, the power of electric
heater is [the thermal conductivity of wood = 0.125 W/m2C, cement = 1.5 W/m2C and
brick = 1 W/m2C]
(A) 9000 W
(B) 8500 W
(C) 8800 W
(D) 9400 W
Ans (A)

2IIT1617PPWS13S

21. A rod of length l with thermally insulated lateral surface is made of a material whose thermal
C
conductivity K varies as K = , where C is a constant. The ends are at temperatures T1 and T2. The heat
T
flow density is
T
T
T
C
C
(A) Clog 2
(B) log 2
(D) Cl log 2
(C) log(T1T2 )
T1
l
l
T1
T1

Ans (B)

22. A planet radiates heat at a rate proportional to the fourth power of its surface temperature T. If such a
steady temperature of the planet is due to an exactly equal amount of heat received from the sun then
which of the following statement is true?
(A) The planets surface temperature varies inversely as the distance of the sun.
(B) The planets surface temperature varies directly as the square of its distance from the sun.
(C) The planets surface temperature varies inversely as the square root of its distance from the sun.
(D) The planets surface temperature is proportional to the fourth power of its distance from the sun.
Ans (C)
Rate of loss of energy by unit area of the planet = T4, where is the Stefans constant. Let Q be the
total energy emitted by the sun in every second.
If d is the distance of the planet from the sun, then Q falls uniformly over the inner surface of the sphere
Q
of radius d. Rate of gain of heat by unit area of planet =
4d 2
For steady temperature of planet
Q
T 4 =
4d 2
1/4
Q
1
Q
4
T =
or
T=
or
T
2
2
4d
d
4d

2IIT1617PPWS13S

23. What is the rate of flow of heat through a tapering rod of length l tapering from radius r1 to r2, when the
temperature of the ends are 1 C and 2 C and coefficient of thermal conductivity is K?
Kr1r2 (1 2 )
Kr r ( 2 )
K(r1 r2 )(1 2 )
Kr 2 r 2 ( 2 )
(B) 1 2 1
(C) 1 2 1
(D)
l
l
l
l
Ans (A)
Let O be the apex of the rod. Consider a section at a distance x from O and let x1 and x2 be the distances
to ends from O.

(A)

24. A sphere and a cube of same material and same total surface area are placed in the same evacuated space
turn by turn after they are heated to the same temperature. Find the ratio of their initial rates of cooling in
the enclosure.

(A)
:1
(B)
:1
(C)
:1
(D)
:1
6
3
6
3

Ans (A)

2IIT1617PPWS13S

10

25. A planet is at an average distance d from the sun and its average surface temperature is T. Assume that
the planet receives energy only from the sun and loses energy only through radiation from its surface.
Neglect atmospheric effects. If T dn, the value of n is
1
1
(D)
(A) 2
(B) 1
(C)
2
4
Ans (C)
Let P be the power radiated by the sun and R be the radius of planet.
Energy radiated by planet = 4R2(T4)
For thermal equilibrium
P
R 2 = 4R 2 (T 4 )
4d 2
1
or
T d 1/2
T4 2
d
1
Hence, n =
2
26. Three rods of identical cross-sectional area and made from the same metal form the sides of an isosceles
triangle ABC right angled at B. The points A and B are maintained at temperatures T and 2 T
respectively in the steady state. Assuming that only heat conduction takes place, temperature of point C
will be
3T
(A)
2 +1
T
(B)
2 +1
T
(C)
3 2 1

T
2 1

(D)

Ans (A)
As TB > TA, heat flows from B to A through both paths BA and BCA
Rate of heat flow in BC = Rate of heat flow in CA
KA

2T Tc
l

) = KA(T T)
c

2l

Solving this, we get, Tc =

2IIT1617PPWS13S

3T
2 +1
11

27. A body cools from 62C to 50C in 10 minutes and to 42C in the next 10 minutes. The temperature of
the surrounding is
(A) 16C
(B) 26C
(C) 36C
(D) 21C
Ans (B)
Let the temperature of the surrounding be 0. According to Newtons law of cooling,
62 50
62 + 50

= K
0
10
2

12
112

or
= K
0
... (1)
10
2

50 42
50 + 42

and
= K
0
10
2

8
92

or
= K 0
... (2)
10
2

divide (1) by (2), we get

12 10 112 20
3 112 20
or
=
=
10 8
92 20
2 92 20
or 276 60 = 224 40
52
or
0 =
= 26C
2

or

276 224 = 20

Read the passage given below and answer questions by choosing the correct
alternative

A highly conducting solid sphere of radius R, density and specific heat s is kept in an evacuated chamber.
A parallel beam of thermal radiation of intensity I is incident on its surface, consider the sphere to be
perfectly black body and its temperature at certain instant considered as t = 0 is T0. Take Stefans constant
as .
28. The equation which gives the temperature T of the sphere as a function of time is
T

T0

dT
3dt
(A)
=

4
I 4 T
4Rs
T

dT
3t
(C)
=

4
I 4 T
8Rs

T0

dT
3dt
(B)
=

4
4T
4Rs
T

3dT
5t
(D)
=

4
I 4 T
8Rs

T0

T0

Ans (A)
The rate at which energy is absorbed by sphere is, P1= R2I
Let at any time t, the temperature of the sphere is T, then rate at which heat has been radiated is
P2 = 4R2T4
Net absorption rate, P = R2I 4 R2T4
dT
ms
= R 2 [1 4T 4 ]
dt
dT
R 2 dt
3dt

=
=
4
4 3
I 4T
R s 4Rs
3

2IIT1617PPWS13S

12

T0

dT
3dt

=

4
I 4 T
4Rs
Solving above equation you get T as a function of t.
29. Maximum attainable temperature of the sphere is
1/2

I
(A)

1/3

I
(B)

1/4

I
(C)

Ans (C)
1/4

For maximum temperature,

dT
I
= 0 we get Tmax =

dt
4

***

2IIT1617PPWS13S

13

(D) Never occurs