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    The Language of Anatomy

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    java_biscocho1229
    The document discusses anatomical terminology used to describe the orientation and location of body structures. It defines directional terms like superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior that describe positions relative to other structures. Regional terms name specific areas of the body. Planes and sections describe imaginary cut lines through the body. The body has two main cavities - the dorsal cavity protected by bone and containing the brain and spinal cord, and the ventral cavity containing the chest and abdomen.

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    The Language of Anatomy

    Uploaded by

    java_biscocho1229
    938 views4 pages
    The document discusses anatomical terminology used to describe the orientation and location of body structures. It defines directional terms like superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior that describe positions relative to other structures. Regional terms name specific areas of the body. Planes and sections describe imaginary cut lines through the body. The body has two main cavities - the dorsal cavity protected by bone and containing the brain and spinal cord, and the ventral cavity containing the chest and abdomen.

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    anatomy and physiology: how to deal with all that medical terms in your head?

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    The document discusses anatomical terminology used to describe the orientation and location of body structures. It defines directional terms like superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior that describe positions relative to other structures. Regional terms name specific areas of the body. Planes and sections describe imaginary cut lines through the body. The body has two main cavities - the dorsal cavity protected by bone and containing the brain and spinal cord, and the ventral cavity containing the chest and abdomen.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    938 views4 pages

    The Language of Anatomy

    Uploaded by

    java_biscocho1229
    The document discusses anatomical terminology used to describe the orientation and location of body structures. It defines directional terms like superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior that describe positions relative to other structures. Regional terms name specific areas of the body. Planes and sections describe imaginary cut lines through the body. The body has two main cavities - the dorsal cavity protected by bone and containing the brain and spinal cord, and the ventral cavity containing the chest and abdomen.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

    Anatomical Position and Directional Terms


    -To accurately describe body parts and position, it is a must to have an
    initial reference point and set of directional terms. To avoid confusions, it is
    always assumed that the body is n a standard position called anatomical
    position.
    -The terminology that describes orientation and direction assumes that the
    body is upright, with arms at the side, feet slightly apart and the palms of
    the hands facing forwards and thumbs point away from body

    Orientation and Directional Terms

    DIRECTIONAL TERMS DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION

    • Superior (cranial or
    upper part
    cephalad)

    • Inferior (caudal) lower part

    • Anterior (ventral) front

    • Posterior (dorsal) back

    • Medial near midline

    • Lateral far from midline

    • Intermediate between two structures


    DIRECTIONAL TERMS DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION

    nearer attachment; close to the


    • Proximal origin of the body part or point
    of attachment

    farther attachment; farther from


    • Distal the origin of the body part or
    part of attachment

    • Superficial on surface

    • Deep away from the surface

    • Ipsilateral on the same side


    • Contralateral on opposite side

    Directional terms are used by medical personnel and anatomists to allow them to explain
    exactly where one body structure is in relation to another.
    Example:
    Using regular terms: The ears are located on each side of the head to the right and left of the
    nose
    Using anatomical terminology: The ears are lateral to the nose

    Body Regional Terms


    -When view externally the body is divided into regions or areas

    Anterior Body Landmarks


    • Abdominal-anterior body trunk
    • Acromial-point of shoulder
    • Antecubital-anterior surface of elbow
    • Axillary-armpit
    • Brachial-arm
    • Buccal-cheek
    • Carpal-wrist
    • Cervical-neck region
    • Coxal-hip
    • Crural-leg
    • Digital-fingers, toes
    • Femoral-thigh
    • Fibular-side of the leg
    • Frontal-forehead
    • Inguinal-groin
    • Mammary-breast
    • Manus-hand
    • Memtal-chin
    • Nasal-nose
    • Oral-mouth
    • Orbital-bony eye socket (orbit)
    • Palmar-palm
    • Patellar-anterior knee (kneecap)
    • Pelvic-area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
    • Pollex-thumb
    • Pubic-genital region
    • Sternal-breastbone
    • Tarsal-ankle
    • Thoracic-chest
    • Umbilical-navel

    Posterior Body Landmarks


    • calcaneal-heel
    • cephalic-head
    • deltoid-curve of shoulder formed by large
    deltoid
    • dorsal-back
    • gluteal-buttocks
    • lumbar-area of back between ribs and hips;
    loin
    • occipital-posterior surface of head
    • olecranal-back of elbow
    • perineal region-region between the anus and
    external
    • plantar-sole
    • popliteal-posterior knee area
    • sacral-area between hips
    • scapular-shoulder blade region
    • sural-posterior surface of lower leg; calf
    • vertebral-area of spine

    Body Planes and Sections


    -When preparing to look at the internal structure of the body, it is necessary to make a section or
    cut. When the section is made through the body wall or through an organ, it is made along an
    imaginary line called a plane.

    Three Types of Planes or Sections


    • Sagittal Section- cut made along the lengthwise, or longitudinal,
    plane of the body, dividing the body into left and right parts. If the cut
    is made down the median plane of the body, and the right and left
    parts are equal in size, it is called midsagittal or median section
    • Frontal section- cut made along a lengthwise plane that divides
    body into anterior and posterior part. Also called coronal section
    • Transverse section- cut made along a horizontal plane, dividing
    the body into superior and anterior parts. Also called cross section
    Body Cavities
    -The body has two sets of internal cavities that provide different degrees of protection to the
    organs within them.

    Dorsal Body Cavity


    -well protected by bone
    • The cranial cavity is the space inside the bony skull. The brain is well protected because it
    occupies the cranial cavity
    • The spinal cavity extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column. The
    spinal cord, which is a continuation of the brain is protected by the vertebrae, which surround the
    spinal cavity
    Ventral Body Cavity
    -it contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen
    • The thoracic cavity is separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a dome-shaped muscle,
    the diaphragm. The thoracic cavity houses the lungs and heart.
    • The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into abdominal cavity which contains most of the
    organs in the digestive system, the liver, the kidneys, and the spleen; its lower part, pelvic cavity,
    contains the reproductive organs and urinary bladder.

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