Hid QQ Survey

CIVIL
HARAMAYA
NASIR SIRAJ
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
UNIVERSITY
TURA MASKALA
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

E.C.
1. Quantity surveying
What is quantity surveying?
Quantity surveying is calculating the total amount of works in building and estimating the
probable cost of executing them
By quantity surveying:
the total construction cost of the project is approximately estimated
the completion time of the project is fixed
bigger works are broken into smaller units so that evaluation and control is simple
the total amount of construction materials required by the project is calculated
the method of construction is forecasted
the types of equipment, tools and machineries are known ahead
the number and qualification of workers required are known ahead
the work schedule, labor schedule and materials schedule are prepared
Bill of quantities is prepared for competent bidders to submit their offer
approval is obtained from concerned authorities for budgeted constructions
2. What is necessary?
In order to have reliable estimate of building, the following are critically necessary
complete and detailed drawings of the building are necessary with all the necessary
dimensions and descriptions include
1. Market price of construction materials at site of construction is necessary
2. Current labor cost at site of construction is necessary
3. How do we estimate?
To provide an estimate very close to an actual work, we need have to good knowledge on
blue print reading, once we understand the entire nature of the building, we can take
dimensions of items from the drawing and calculate for their quantity. The calculated amount
of work is then multiplied by the current market price of all materials and labor to complete
the work
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HARAMAYA
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4. Works to be established
The works incorporated in all buildings are not the same. They vary depending on their type .
But most buildings have similar works, and the most widely expected are out lined below in
two categories
A. SUBSTRUCTURE
This part of building which is located below the grade beam or the ground floor level. It is
usually assumed as foundation work. Some times in small construction projects, it is
customary to classify works in phases. In a two- phase construction, the substructure is
regarded as phase one construction, and every evaluation of profits and loss is made at the
end of this phase
B. SUPER STRUCTURE
This is part of the building, which is located above the grade beam, or the ground floor level.
It is part of the building that is giving the service the building is designed for. In most
buildings the super structure starts by constructing the ground floor columns after the ground
floor slab is casted.
5. What are the works in each category?

When estimation is carried for building, all works in the building are first categorized in
either sub structure or the super structure of the building as follows
A. Substructure works
The works that are categorized in substructure are:
1. Earth work: this incorporates all works related with the earth or the soil.
It consists of the following primary works
1.1 site excavation: before any construction is taken hand, the construction site should be
cleared from debris, dirt collection, trees, bushes, and organic materials to an average
depth of 20-30cm
Excavation or top soil clearance or site clearance: the main purpose of this work is
3. to make the ground leveled for setting out works
4. to remove organic materials away from the construction site that may harmfully
react with the cement
Site clearance is made over the entire plinth area of the building by giving minimum of onemeter clearance gap around the perimeter of the building.
Plinth area is area of detract between the building and the ground
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5. Unit: The unit of measurement for the site excavation is square meter (m2)
1cm
1cm
the shaded region

represents the
planith area of
the building
clearance gap
1cm
W
1cm
A is the area of site

excavation
A=L*W
=(L+2m)*(w+2m)
L=length of planith
W= width of the planith
-fig 1.
1.2 Deep excavation: this excavation is made for foundation. It may different for the
different types of foundation, but the most popular types are:
a. Pit excavation: which is made for footings
b. Trench excavation: which is made for foundation walls
such excavation have their depth greater than their width that is why they are called deep
excavations. The method of calculation is by taking the exact geometric figure of the
foundations. No working allowance is made during estimations. The allowance which is
made at construction sites is paid for based on measured amounts.
6. Units: the unit of measurement for deep excavation is cubic meter (m3)
Illustration:
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1.5m
2m
2m
V= volume of pit
excavation
V= L*e*h
V=2m*2m*1.5m
V= 6m
fig 2
0.5m
4m
1m
V= volume of trench
excavation
l is the length of
foundation wall
l= 2*6m + 2*4m = 20m
V= 20m*0.5m*1m
v= 10m
0.5m
5m
0.5m
0.5m
fig. 3
1.2. Bulk excavation: this excavation is made in larger horizontal size than its vertical depth.
It is usually made for:
a. removal of poor soil from the site of replace with selected material
b. mat foundations
c. allowing hard core under ground floor slab
* units: the unit of bulk excavation is:
- square meter (m2) if the depth is less than 30m
- cubic meter (m3) if the depth is greater than 30cm
1.4 Back fill: this is soil that is filled back to an extra excavated space in the foundation.
Sometimes, when the soil at construction site is very poor, it is dangerous to fill back the
excavated soil. Therefore filling selected material is recommended. In both cases the volume
of open spaces around footings and trenches is calculated.
Units: the unit of measurement for back fill is cubic meter (m3)
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There are two methods of calculating the volume of back fill.
a. The total volume of work that is placed in the trench or pit is deducted from the total
volume of excavation
b. The exact free space is directly calculated from the drawing
Illustration:
20
20
2m
1.2m
0.3m
2m
V= the volume of void space to be

filled by the back fill
L= the length of the void space
L= 2*2m+2*0.2m=4.4m
w= width of void space=0.9m
V= L*w*h
V= 4.4m*0.9m*1.2m= 4.75m
fig. 4
1.5. Cart away: is take out the material from the construction site. Cart away is calculated by
deducting the back fill from the total volume of soil excavated.
* Unit: the unit of measurement for cart away is cubic meter (m3)
V = T.S B.F
T.S is total soil and B.F is back fill
V = (S.E+D.E+B.E) B.F S.E is soil excavated from bulk excavation

Note: since cart away is measured by cubic meter, all the other soil amounts are changed to
meter cube. Site excavation for instance is changed in to volume by multiplying the area with
the depth of excavation.
2. Concrete work
This work incorporates all items related with concrete.
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It consists of the following works in substructure

2.1. Lean concrete: this is a thin layer of low class concrete discharged under footing pads
and foundation trenches for the purpose of leveling the ground and detaching the structure
from organic soils.
unit: the unit of measurement for lean concrete is square meter (m2)
The area of lean concrete is calculated by tacking equal size with the footing pad or the
foundation trench.
Refer back to fig 4 for illustration. The total area of lean concrete for the footing pad is just
equal to the area of the footing pad.
A= l*w
A = 2m*2m
A = 4m2
Refer back to fig.3 for another illustration. The length of the trench is already calculated as
20m. Therefore the area of lean concrete for the trench will be
A= L*W
A= 20m*0.5m
A= 10m2
2.2. Footing: the footing is composed of the footing pad and the footing column, which
altogether transmit the super structure load safely to the supporting ground.
The footing for, estimation purposes, is taken as that located below the grade beam level.
Unit: the unit of measurement for footing is cubic meter (m3)
The footing pad and the column footing are separately estimated and finally added together.
Refer back to fig.4
V= volume of concrete for the footing
V1 = volume of footing pad
V= V1+V2
V2 = volume of footing column
V1 = 2m*2m*0.3m
= 1.2m3
V2 = 0.2m*0.2m*1.2m
= 0.05m3
V= 1.2m3 + 0.05m3
= 1.25m3
2.3. Grade beam: the grade beam is a line of reinforced concrete member constructed round
the ground floor slab of the building.
Unit: the unit of measurement for grade beam is cubic meter (m3)
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Sometimes where lump sum method of estimation is adopted, grade beam can be measured
by meter linear (ml).
Refer back to fig.3 once again please
The length of the grade beam is equal to the length of the foundation wall because the grade
beam follows the line of foundation wall. Therefore, the length of the grade beam will be
20m. As shown on the section, the width of grade beam is equal with the foundation wall.
Therefore, the width of the grade beam is 50cm. If we assume 30cm depth for the grade
beam, then the volume of the grade beam will be
V= L*w*h
V= 20m*0.5m*0.3m
V= 3m3
2.4. Ground floor slab: the ground floor slab is the final concrete work in substructure. It
incorporates filling of concrete floor over a leveled crushed stone called hard core .
Unit: the unit of measurement for ground floor slab is
-
Cubic meter (m3) if the thickness of slab is greater than 10cm

Square meter (m2) if the thickness of slab is less than 10cm
Refer back to fig.3

V= 5m*4m *0.1m = 0.2m3
3. Stone work
This work incorporates all items of works related with stone.
It consists of the following works.
3.1. Foundation wall: the foundation wall is an undressed stone walls constructed under
grade beam for the purpose of supporting the grade beam and stiffening the foundation.
Unit: the unit of measurement for foundation wall is cubic meter (m3)
The volume of foundation wall is calculated by taking the length of lean concrete or the grade
beam equal to the length of foundation wall.
Refer back to fig.3
The length of foundation wall is already calculated as 20cm. the width of foundation wall is
0.5m, and the depth of foundation wall is 95cm, because the bottom 5cm is left for the lean
concrete. Therefore, the volume of foundation wall will be
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V= l*w*h
V= 20m*0.5m*0.95m
V= 9.5m3
3.2. Hard core: the hard core is crushed stone provided under ground floor slab to give
uniform support for the slab. It is usually constructed in 25cm thickness.
Unit: the unit of measurement for hard core is square meter (m2)
Refer back to fig.3 the area of hard core is just equal to area of ground floor slab.
A=l*w
A= 5m*4m
A= 20m2
7. SUPER STRUCTURE OF BUILDING

1. Concrete work
1.1 Columns
Estimation for the super structure columns may be made by taking all the floors as one. But
this creates complications for bidding, as the cost of constructing ground floor columns and
third floor columns is not the same. Therefore, it is suggested that estimation shall be made
for each floor separately.
8. Unit: the unit of measurement for column is cubic meter (m3)
30
600
30
530
Tie beam lay out
there are four columns of size 20cm*20cm

if we assume 3m height for the columns, then
the volume of concrete for all the columns is
v= 0.2m*0.2m*3m
= 0.12m
The total volume for four columns will be:
v= 0.12m * 4 = 0.48m
fig.5
1.2. Beams
Clear distinction, during estimation, shall be made for intermediate and top tie beams.
9. Unit: the unit of measurement for beams is cubic meter (m3)
Note: great care is taken not to repeatedly calculate the volume of concrete at intersection
points of the beams.
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Refer back o fig.5
During calculating the volume of concrete for the columns, we have stopped at the bottom
face of the beams for the height of columns. This means that the beams run over the columns.
And therefore, we calculate the length of the tie beams, taking the necessary care not to
intersect them at columns. If we assume 40cm depth for the beam,
L= length of tie beams
v= volume of concrete for tie beams
L= 2*6m + 2*5.6m
v = l*w*h
L= 23.2m
v= 23.3m*0.3m*0.4m = 2.78m3
1.3. Slabs
Concrete slabs may be of two types as floor slab and roof slab. The volume of concrete for
slab of each floor is estimated separately. The clear length of slab in between beams is
multiplied with the clear width of the slab and its thickness.
10. Unit: the unit of measurement for slab is
- cubic meter (m3) for thickness greater than 10cm
- square meter (m2) for thickness less than 10cm
Refer back to fig.5
The rectangular surrounded by beams is the area of the slab. Lets assume a thickness of
10cm for the slab, and therefore, the volume of the concrete is v
V= l*w*h
V= 6m*5m*0.1m
= 0.3m3
1.4 stair cases

Staircase is a successive arrangement of steps to facilitate ascending and descending floor to
floor. Staircase, for estimation purpose, is classified in to three parts as steps, slab and
landing. The volume of concrete for the steps, the slab and the landing is calculated separetly,
and finally summed up together.
a. Steps: the steps are first made to resemble identical triangles, and the total volume of
concrete for all steps is calculated at once.
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HARAMAYA
g
r
r
r
r= riser of the steps

g= going of the steps
l= span of the steps
v= n(12(r*g*l))
n= number of steps
g
g
UNIVERSITY
fig.6
b. Landing
The volume of concrete for the landing is calculated just like the slabs. The length of the
landing is multiplied with the width and the thickness.
Refer back to fig.6
Assume thickness of the landing is t
V= l*w*h => l*w*t
Notice: the beam supporting the landing is categorized in beams, not in the staircase.
1.5 slab
The slab is the soffit of the staircase. It is sometimes called as the waist of the staircase. It
is wisely calculated because it has inclined length. Pythagoras theorem is used to find the
actual length of the slab under the steps.
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g
r
r
g
a
b
r
r
5r
BY pythagoras
theorem
c= a + b
c refers to the actual length of slab

l=(5r) + (5g)
v= volume of concrete for the slab
v= l*w*t
r
5g
fig.7
2. Masonry work
This work incorporates all works related with construction of walls for super structure part.
There are many types of masonry works classified based on the types of masonry unit used.
Some of the most widely used are:
a. Block masonry:
Concrete blocks are used for these walls. Hollow concrete blocks (HCB) or solid
concrete blocks (SCB) are usually used in various sizes such as 40cm*20cm*20cm,
40cm*15cm*20cm, 40cm*10cm*20cm and others. In any case, concrete block
masonry is measured by square meter (m2)
b. Brick masonry:
Clay brick are used for these walls. Standard sizes of bricks, 25cm*12cm*6cm are
used in various bonds to construct boundary and partition walls. The wall may be
constructed in 12cm for stretcher bond, 25cm in Flemish or header bond and so on.
The masonry is measured by square meter (m2)
c. Stone masonry:
Stone of various patterns are used for these walls. Stone masonry is usually measured
by cubic meter (m3) unless it is used as facing work in thin layers over boundary
walls.
3. Roof work
This incorporates the upper cover of the building in any form (CIS, asbestos, tiles, concrete).
The most widely used roofing materials is the corrugated iron sheet (CIS). It is measured by
square meter (m2). Mostly CIS roofs are inclined at some slope. And hence it is necessary to
calculate the actual length of the sloped roof by using Pythagoras theorem
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HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
500cm
1.2m
l=
60cm
5.6m
fig.8
600cm
actual length of the

roof
by pythagoras theorem
l =5.6+1.2
l= 5.73m
A= area of the roof
A= 5.73m*6m
A= 34.38m
4. Skirting
Skirting is the line of tile or timber provided at the junction point of a floor and a wall to
protect the wall from splash of water and deterioration of the paints near the floors. It is
measured by meter length by taking the internal perimeter of the building.
l= length of internal perimeter of the room
l= 2*5m+2*4m
l= 10m+8m
l= 18m
there is no skirting on the door. therefore the
width of the door should be deducted
l= 18m-0.8m
l= 17.2m
400
20
20
500
20
20
fig.9
5. Floor finish
This incorporates the finishing provided to the floors, such as terrazzo tiles, ceramic tiles,
poly vinyl chloride (PVC) tiles or rubber. The total area of the room is calculated, and the
deduction is made for partition walls. It is measured by square meter (m2)
Refer back to fig.9
A= area of floor finish
* we have floor finishes under the door
A= l*w
a= l*w
A= 5m*4m
a= 0.8m*0.2m
A= 20m2
a= 0.16m2
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Then the total area of the floor finish will be A= 20m2 + 0.16m2 = 20.16m2
6. Ceiling work
Ceilings are usually assumed to be equal to the floor area of the room. They are measured by
square meter (m2).
Refer back to fig.9
The area of ceiling is equal to the total area of floor finish except the area of the floor under
the door.
A= l*w
A= 5m*4m
A= 20m2
7. Plastering work
Plastering is the application of thin layer of mortar on walls for the purpose of creating
smooth surface for painting. Plastering can be applied to walls and ceilings externally or
internally. It is 12mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm thickness is practicable. It is measured by square
meter (m2) by multiplying the length of the wall by its height. Deductions are made for doors
and windows.
8. Rendering works
Rendering is similar with plastering except that the mortar used for rendering is produced by
using courser fine sand particles. The unit of measurement for rendering is meter square (m2)
9. Window sill
Window sills are measured by meter length by assuming 2.5cm bearing into window edges
The width and thicknesses of the window sill material is specified with its length.
10. Gutter
Gutter is first developed in to its full width, and the total length of the gutter is used for
measurement.
11. Down pipe
Down pipe is measured by length in similar manner with the gutter.
Generally, the above works are usually found in the construction or normal buildings, in other
works in special constructions are found, then the estimator shall take the necessary measures
to adopt a unit suitable for measuring the work at construction sites.
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B. standard formats
there are many standard formats in quantity surveying that are used for simple
communication among all parties involved in the construction world.
The standard formats are not the same throughout the world, but Ethiopian papers are more
or less the same. By these formats we can communicate without meeting in person.
Some of these papers are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Take off sheet

Abstract form or Bill of Quantities
Material list
Bar schedule or reinforcement schedule
Take off Sheet

Take of sheet is tabular standard in which dimensions of items from the blue print (working
drawing) are transferred for further calculation.
The quantity of works is specially calculated in this sheet.
The take of sheet consists of four columns, namely, timesing column, dimensions column,
squaring column and description column.
All the column have specific purposes.
1. Timesing column: this column is mainly used to
- Write unit less numbers that are used for multiplying identical items. Eg. 2 or
- Write constants like where necessary
2.
forward slash is followed after the unit less numbers or constants

mens " Times" eg. 2/ or /
simplified numbers are not allowed as in the case of area of triangle.
Eg. / not 0.5/
Dimension column: in this column the dimension of work to be calculated are
written vertically down. The area or the volume of an items is calculated by
multiplying this dimensions.
11. Rules:
the dimension column is used with the following rules.
Dimensions of an item are written vertically down in order of length, width and
height.
Eg. 3m <= length
2m <= width
1m <= height
Dimensions are written in two significant digits.
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E.C.
-
Eg. 3.574 (wrong) => 3.57 (correct) 3.577(wrong) 3.58 (correct)

Mathematical operation other than multiplication are not allowed.
Squared or cubed numbers are not written here. Because they are not dimensions.
When all the dimensions of an item are written, a line is drawn under the last
dimension extending to the squaring column.
1.
Is the timesing column
1
2
3
Description
3.00m
2.
Is the dimension
3/
2.00m
column
1.00m
3.
Is the squaring column
Description is the description
Column.
3.squaring column:
In this column, the product of the dimensions is written. The columns contains the area or
volume of an item of work.
12. Rules: the squaring column is used with the following rules.
- underline once for incomplete items, and twice for complete items.
- never overwrite numbers when mistaken. Cancel the wrong number and write
the correct number on top of the wrong one.
- addition and subtraction are possible here. Never divide or multiply any
number in the squaring column.
- dont forget to write units of items
- numbers are rounded off to the next significant digit.
4. Description column:
In this column the description of the item in the squaring column is written. Ordinally English
is used to describe the works, the amount of which is written in the squaring column.
13. Rules: The description column is used with the following rules.
all mathematical operations are allowed here
some procedures, which are very difficult to write in the remaining columns are
written here.
Some assumptions on missing dimensions are written here
Sketches (if any) are shown here
Sine, cosine, log, square root and others are worked here
Generally, the above columns are properly filled by the necessary numbers to prevent
misunderstanding among the parties using the take off sheet for works control and evaluation.
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Paper management
Usually A4 papers (210mm x 297mm) are used for takeoff sheets. A4 paper is what you are
reading now. The paper is classified in to three sections.
-
Header section
Body
Footer section
contains information about the construction

contains the take off sheet table
contains signatures of concerned authorities
Look at the attached take off sheet. It is a complete sheet that is widely used in many
engineering offices and construction sites.
Sometimes, two take off sheet tables may be drawn on a single paper to save economy of
paper. But this is not a good practice as it results in confined arrangement of dimensions and
reading such papers is usually hectic!!
Project
: ----------------------------------------
Location : ----------------------------------------Owner
: -----------------------------------------
Contractor: ----------------------------------------Consultant: ----------------------------------------Take off sheet

1
description
--------------------------Sign by estimator
--------------------------------sign by super visor
We have put every step in detail. You will then see how the calculated quantities is written in
the standard take off sheet. Try your best to understand the following drawings of the simple
building before you going to the calculations. Or you can watch the take off sheet table along
with the drawings so that you can get the dimensions as per their appearance in the take off
sheet.
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A
15cm HCB parapet
+460
20
+360
floor plan
500
520
540
100
20
+280
+180
80/210
+330
20
20
400
20
+0.00
+30
NGL
420
440
150
Side elevation
F1
F1
520
footing
lay out
F1
4 Pcs
150
50cm x 30cm Grade beam
0.00 NGL
-200
F1
420
F1
Drawing 1
-230
NGL
-150
5cm lean concrete
- 10cm RC slab
- 25cm Hard core
- compacted soil
The following listed works are incorporated in the construction of the building shown above.
A. Substructure
1. Earth work
1.1.Site excavation
1.2.Deep excavation
1.3.Bulk excavation
1.4.Back fill
1.5.Cart away
2. Concrete work
2.1. lean concrete
2.2. Footing
2.3. Grade beam
2.4. Ground Floor Slab
3.Stone work
3.1. foundation wall
3.2. Hard core
B. Super structure
1. Concrete work
1.1.Column
1.2.Beam
2. Masonry work
2.1.20cm HCB
2.2.15cm HCB
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3.
4.
5.
6.
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Roof work
Floor finish
Skirting
Plastering
6.1.Internal plastering
6.2.External plastering
A. Substructure
1. Earth work
1.1 site excavation: the site is cleared with a minimum of 1m extra spaces around the
perimeter of the building. The building touches the ground with its footings extending
75cm off from the centers of the columns. Therefore, the total contact area of the building
and the ground is 6.70m x 5.70m. by adding the extra 1m we will have 8.70m x 7.70m.
hence the area of site excavation will be A
A=LXW
A = 8.70m x 7.70m
A = 66.99m
Plinth area
6.70
5.70
7.70
Total clearance
area
8.70
1.2. Deep excavation: there are two excavations. Pit and trench excavation
1.2.1. pit excavation:
Pit excavations are made for footings, we have four identical footings of size 1.50m x 1.50m.
Depth of excavation from NGL is 2.30m. let us say this depth includes the lean concrete
under the footing pad. The volume of pit excavation for one footing is v
V = l*w*h
V = 1.50m x 1.50m x 2.30m
V = 5.18m3
Then the total volume of pit excavation for all footings will be
V = 4 x 5.18m3
20.72m3
Note: no working space is considered during estimation. But payment is made at construction
site for the extra excavations the contractor makes.
1.2.2. Trench excavation:
Trench is excavated for foundation walls. Find the length of wall from the foundation plane.
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50
fig.10
440
50
50
340
50
V is rhe total volume of trench excavation

V= l*w*h
first the total length of foundation wall
should be calculated
use wall method to find the length
l= 2*3.4 + 2*5.4
l= 17.60m
v= 17.60m*0.50m*1.50m
v= 13.20m
v= 13.20m - 4/(0.20m*0.20m*1.50m)
v= 13.20m- 0.24m
v= 12.96m
The columns are already constructed and therefore, there is no excavations on their point.
Hence the volumes of the columns should be deducted from the total volume.
1.3. Bulk excavation:
The thickness of the beam is 30cm. whereas the total thickness of the ground slab and the
hard core is 35cm. this implies that there is 5cm down bulk excavation for the hard core.
Therefore we estimate this excavation by using the area of the hard core.
Since the depth of the excavation is less than 30cm, we measure by its area (m2).
A= l*w
A= 4.40*3.40
A= 14.96m2
1.4. Back fill:
There is back fill around column footing. The volume of soil, which is required to fill the
void, is equal to the volume of void around the footing.
Refer to drawing 1
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65
20
65
65
20
65
there is an other alternative

v= volume of the footing minus volume of
the column
v=(1.5*1.5*2)-(0.2*0.2*2)
v= 4.5m- 0.08m
v= 4.42m this is only for one footing
V = 4*4.42m
V = 17.68m total
UNIVERSITY
the shadede region is back filled

v= is the volume of the shaded region
v= l*w*h
L is the total length of the shaded region
l= 2/1.50m + 2/0.2m
l= 3.00m+0.40m
l= 3.4m
v= l*w*h
v= 3.40m*0.65m*2.00m
v= 4.42m
the total volume of the back fill for all footing is
v= 4*4.42m
v= 17.68m
To find the volume of the soil to be disposed of the site, deduct the back fill from the total
volume of excavated. This is true only when the soil excavated is not expansive soil.
We have soils from site excavations, deep excavation and bulk excavation. All these should
changes ti volume by multiplying by their respective thickness.
C.A = T.S- B.F
= (S.E + D.E +B.E)-B.F
= ((66.99m2 *0.25m) +(20.72m3 + 17.6m3)+(14.96m2 *0.5m)) -17.68m3
= 33.5m3 is the total volume of the soil to be disposed off the construction site.
2. Stone work
2.1 Foundation wall: the stone for the foundation wall is measured by its volume.The
volume is then calculated by the product of the length, the width and the height. From
the given drawing the depth of the foundation wall is 50cm, and its depth is 145cm
after deducting 5cm for the lean concrete. The length of the foundation is already
calculated in the trench excavation. It is 16.7m. this length is calculated including the
four columns that have already been put in place. Lts use it and finally we will
deduct the columns.
V= l*w*h
V= 17.6m*0.50m*1.45m
V= 12.76m2
V is total volume of the columns to be deducted from the volume of the stone.
V= 4(0.20m*0.20m*1.45m)
V= 0.23m3
The actual volume of the stone in the foundation wall will be 12.76m3 0.23m3 = 12.53m3
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
21

E.C.
2.2. Hard core: hard core is measured by m2 . refer fg.10, the hard core is provided in the
inner portion of the 3.4m by 4.4m rectangle. Therefore, the area of the hard core will be A
A= l*w
A= 4.40m*3.40m
A= 14.96m2
3. Concrete work
3.1.Lean concrete: we have lean concrete in two places. It is found under the
Footing pad, and under the foundation wall. In both places it is measured by its area. The area
of the lean concrete is made just equal to the area of the element above it.
14. Under footing: there are four footing equal in size with the size of footings.
Therefore the area of lean concrete is A
A= l*w
A= 4(1.50m*1.50m)
A= 9.00m2
15. Under foundation wall: the length of the foundation wall is calculated as17.60m
including the columns. Lets use this length and we will deduct the columns.
A= l*w
A= 17.60m*0.50m
A= 8.80m2
The area of the columns should be deducted a= 4(0.20m*0.20m) = 0.16m2
Therefore, the area of lean concrete under the foundation wall is 8.80m2 0.16m2 = 8.64m2
The total area of the lean concrete then will be A
A= 9.00m2 + 8.64m2
A = 17.64m2
3.2.Footing: we have four footings of the same size. The footing is the
summation of the footing pad and the footing column. The footing column
is the column that is constructed from the footing pad to the grade beam.
a. Footing pad: volume of the concrete for footing pad is V
V= 4(1.50m*1.50m*0.25m) 5cm is deducted for lean concrete
V = 2.25m3
b. Footing column: volume of concrete for the footing of column is v
V= 4(0.20m*0.20m*2.00m)
V= 0.32m3
22
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UNIVERSITY
The total volume of concrete for the footing will be 2.25m3 + 0.32m3 = 2.57m3
3.3.Grade beam: grade beam is measured by the volume. The length of the
Grade beam is equal to the length of the foundation wall without any deduction. Because, the
grade beam runs on the top of the columns, and therefore, the full length is taken.
V= l*w*h
V= 17.60m*0.50m*0.30m
V= 2.64m3
3.4.Ground floor slab: ground floor slab is measured by the volume. Because
its thickness is 10cm. the size of the slab is just equal to the size of hard
core.
Refer back to fig.10
The volume of the concrete the slab is v
V= l*w*h
V= 4.40m*3.40m*0.10m
V= 1.50m3
B. superstructure
1. Concrete work
1.1. Columns: there are four columns of identical size. There volume will be v
V= l*w*h
V= 0.20m*0.20m*3.00m
V= 0.12m3
Total volume of the column will be v= 0.12m3*4 = 0.48m3
1.2. Beams: the length of the tie beam is calculated from the floor plan of the building.
L= 2*5.40m + 2*4.00m = 18.80m
The volume of concrete for tie beam is,
V= l*w*h
= 18.80m*0.20m*0.30m
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
23

E.C.
= 1.13m3
2.1. 20cm HCB
HCB is measured by its area. The area of the wall is calculated by the product of the length
and height of the wall. Therefore, the total area of the wall is A
A= l*w*h
The length of the wall is L=2*4.00m+2*5.00m = 18.00m and the height is 3m.
A= 18.00m x 3.00m = 54m2
The area of door and windows should be deducted, because they are not covered by HCB.
Ad area of door and Aw is area of window,
Ad = 0.80m * 2.10m = 1.68m2
Aw = 1.00m*1.00m = 1.00m2
Therefore, the total area of the HCB is A
A= 54.00m2 (1.68m2 + 1.00m2)
A= 51.32m2
2.2. 15cm HCB
15cm HCB is provided above the tie beam for the parapet wall. The area of this wall is
calculated carefully by developing the wall to its full length.
80
take 25cm
space from the
side walls
20
525
440
525
Lets calculate the area of the back wall.

A= 4.40m*1.00m = 4.40m2
Then area of the side walls is. Lets divide the trapezium into rectangle and triangle.
A= 2(2.25m * 0.20m) = 2.1m2 for the bottom 20cm rectangle.
A= 2(1/2(5.25*0.80m)) = 4.20m2 for the top 80cm triangle.
24
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
The total area of the parapet is A= 1.40m2 + 2.10m2 + 4.20m2 = 12.70m2

3. Roof work
The roof (CIS) is measured by area (m2). Sometimes there is a practice by which the
horizontal projection of the roof is used the length of the roof. But the actual height of the
roof should be used. The length is calculated by using the Pythagoras theorem.
Refer back to elevation in drawing 1. The roofing sheet is one block down from the top of
parapet. That is shown by hidden lines to guide the roof. Therefore, the height of the roof,
called "pitch" is 100cm 20cm = 80cm. so we have a right angle triangle with
base 6.00m including 60cm overhang, and height 80cm. look at the following
picture.
80
l is actua length of the roof

l = 6m + 0.8m
l = 6.05m
A= is the area of the roof
A=6.05m*4.40m
A=26.62m
600
4. Floor finish
floor finish is measured by area of the room. A= 4.00m*5.00m = 20.00m2 and the area of the
floor finish under the door is A= 0.80m*0.20m = 0.16m2. therefore the total area of the floor
finish will be A= 20.00m2 + 0.16m2 = 20.16m2
5. Ceiling
The area of the ceiling is similar with the area of floor finish except that under the door.
Therefore the area of the ceiling will be A= 4.00m*5.00m = 20.00m2
6. Skirting
The length of the skirting is equal to the internal perimeter of the room except the door
2/4.00m+2/5.00m = 8.00m+10.00m = 18.00m is internal perimeter of the room.
L= 18.00m- 0.80m = 17.20m is the total length of the skirting.
7. Plastering
we have internal and external plastering
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
25

E.C.
Internal plastering is applied to the internal perimeter of the room where skirting is applied.
Therefore, the length of the skirting before deduction is used as length of internal plastering.
A= l*h
A= 18.00m*3.00m = 54.00m2
the door and the window should be deducted from 54m2 area of the wall.
A= 54m2 (1.68m2 + 1.00m2)
Lets assume the external plastering is only applied to line of columns and beams, and the
remaining wall is rendered.
a. Columns: the area of plastering for the column is l*w. the total length of the column
to be plastered is 1. Eight faces of the column are plastered in 20cm size.
L=8/0.20m = 1.60m the height of the column to be plastered is 3m
therefore, the area of plastering for the columns will be A= 1.60m x 3.00m = 4.80m2
b. Grade beams and tie beams: the area of plastering for the beams is l*w. the length and
depth of the grade beam and the tie beam is the same. So, we can calculate for both of
them at once. L is length of grade beam or the tie beam.
L = 2/4.40m + 2/5.40m = 8.80m + 10.80m = 19.60m
Total length of the beam and the grade beam is L
L= 2/19.60m = 39.20m
and the thickness of the both of them is 30cm.
Total area of plastering for the tie beam and the grade beam will be A.
A= 39.20m * 0.30m = 11.76m2
8. Rendering
As assumed before, the external walls, except the beam and the column, are all rendered.
Rendering is measured by area (m2). The height of the front, rare and side walls is the same
below the tie beam, i.e. 3m. therefore, lets first find the length of the walls.
L= 2/5.00m + 2/4.00m = 18.00m
Area of rendering under tie beam is A
A= l*w
A= 18.00m*3.00m
26
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
A= 54.00m2
Area of rendering for the parapet is : Rare parapet = 4.40m*1.00m = 4.40m2
Side parapet = 2(1/2(0.20m+ 1.00m) 5.40m)
= 6.48m2
The total area of rendering for parapet is 10.88m2
Therefore, the total area of rendering for the walls will be 54.00 m2 + 10.88 m2 = 64.88 m2.
Now look at the following take off sheet. It shows how the above estimated quantities are
written in the take off sheet. Read carefully, and try to miss nothing!!
Project
: construction of a residence
Location
: CMC, Ambo
Owner
: Ato Bilisuma Biyana
Contractor: ABD general contractor

Consultant: ERG consultants
1
description
A. SUBSTRUCTURE
1. Earth work
1.1.Site excavation
8.70m
7.70m
1.50m
1.50m
2.30m
66.99m2 Total area of the excavation to an

average depth of 25cm from NG:
1.2. Deep excavation
1.2.1.Pit excavation
20.70m
17.60m
0.50m
1.50m
Total volume of deep excavation for

footings
1.2.2. trench excavation
L= 2/3.40m + 2/5.40m
L= 6.80m + 10.80m
L= 17.60m
13.20m3 Volume of trench includingcolumns

4/
0.20m
0.20m
1.50m
0.24m3 Ddt. Ditto. For columns
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
27

E.C.
12.96 m3 Total volume of trench excavation for
foundation wall.
1.3.Bulk excavation
4.40m
3.40m
14.96 m3 Total area of bulk excavation under hard
core
1.50m
1.50m
2.00m
4/
1.4. Back fill
18.00m3
0.20m
0.20m
2.00m
4/
Total volume of back fill including the

column
Ddt. Ditto. For the columns
0.32m3
Total volume of net soil to be back filled
17.68m3
around the footing pads.
description
1.5 cart away
C.A = T.S B.F
C.A = (S.E+ D.E + B.E) B.F
C.A = (66.99m2*0.25m + 20.70m3
+12.96m3 + 14.96m2* 0.05m)- 17.68m3
C.A = 33.48m3
33.48m3 Total volume of soil to be disposed off
17.60m
0.50m
1.45m
12.76m3
4/
0.20m
0.20m
1.45m
0.23m3 Ddt. Ditto. For the columns

Total volume of stone in foundation wall
12.53m3
4.40m
3.40m
14.96m2
4/
2. stone work
2.1.foundation wall
l= length of foundation wall
l= 17.60m(see trench excavation)
volume of foundation wall including
columns
1.50m
1.50m
9.00m2
Total area of 25cm thick hard core

3. concrete work
3.1.lean concrete
3.1.1. under footing pad
area of lean concrete under footing pad
28
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
3.1.2. under foundation wall
l= length of lean concrete

l= 17.60m (see trench excavation)
17.60m
0.50m
8.80m2 area of lean concrete under foundation

wall
0.20m
0.20m
0.16m2 Ddt. Ditto. For the columns

17.64m2 Total area of lean concrete
1.50m
1.50m
0.25m
4/
3.2.
2.25m3
4/
0.20m
0.20m
2.00m
2
3
17.60m
0.50m
0.30m
4.40m
3.40m
0.10m
footing
volume of concrete for the footing pad
0.32m3 ditto but for the footing column

description
3
2.57m Total volume of concrete for the footing
3.3. Grade beam
L= length of the grade beam
L= 17.60m(see trench excavation)
3
2.64m Total volume of concrete for grade beam
3.4.Ground floor slab
1.50m3 Total area of ground floor slab
Note: Ddt. Means deduct. That is to mean you have to subtract the said amount.
Ditto. Means from the above or just like the above
Ddt.Ditto. means subtract the said amount from the one stated above
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
29

E.C.
2
4/
3
0.20m
0.20m
3.00m
0.48m3
18.80m
0.20m
0.30m
18.00m
3.00m
Description
A. SUPER STRUCTURE
1. Concrete work
1.1. Column
Total volume of concrete for the columns
1.2.Tie beams
L=length of tie beam
L=2/5.40m + 2/4.00m
L= 10.80m+8.00m
L= 18.80m
1.13m3 Total volume of concrete for tie beam

2. Masonry work
2.1.20cm HCB
L= length of 20cm HCB wall
L= 2/5.00m+2/4.00m
L= 10.00m+8.00m
L= 18.00m
54.00m3 Area of boundary wall
0.80m
2.10m
1.68m2 Ddt. Ditto. For door
1.00m
1.00m
1.00m2 Ditto but for the window
51.32m2 Total area of 20cm HCB
30
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
2.2. 15cm HCB

100
Rare wall
100
20
4.40m
1.00m
440
525
4.40m2 Area of rare parapet wall

0.25m
0.80m
2/ /
4.20m2 Area of side parapet wall (triangular)

2/
5.25m
0.80m
8.40m2 Ditto. But for the triangular
17.00m2 Total area of 15cm HCB for parapet wall
3. Roof work
l
0.8m
6.00m
l is actua length of the roof
l = 6m + 0.8m
l = 6.05m
6.05m
4.00m
26.62m2 Total area of roof covering

4. Floor finish
5.00m
4.00m
Area of floor finish in the room

20.00m
0.80m
0.20m
2
0.16m
20.16m2
5.00m
4.00m
Ditto but under door

Total area of floor finish
5. Ceiling
Total area of ceiling
20.00m
6. Skirting
L= length of skirting
L= 2/5.00m + 2/4.00m = 18.00m
18.00m
Total internal perimeter of the room

18.00m Ddt. Ditto for door
0.80m Total length of the skirting
17.20m
7. Plastering
L= internal perimeter of the room
L= 18.00m (see skirting)
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
31

E.C.
3.00m
Internal area of wall

54.00m2
Ddt.ditto. for the door
0.80m
2.10m
1.68m2
Ditto. But for the window

Total area of internal plastering
1.00m
1.00m
1.00m2
51.32m2
1.60m
3.06m
4.80m2
19.60m
0.3m
5.88m2
19.60m
0.30m
a. Columns
L= 8/0.20m = 1.60m
Area of plastering to columns
b. Grade beam
L= length of grade beam
L= 2/5.40m + 2/4.4m = 19.60m
Area of plastering to grade beams
c. Tie beam
L= length of Tie beam
L= 19.60m
Ditto but Tie beams
Total area of external plastering
5.88m2
16.56m2
1
18.00m
3.00m
54.00m2
Description
8. Rendering
8.1.Below tie beam
L= length of the wall to be rendered
L=2/4.00m + 2/5.00m= 18.00m
Area of external wall
0.80m
2.10m
1.68m2 Ddt. Ditto. For the door
1.00m
1.00m
4.40m
1.00m
1.00m2 Ditto. But for the window

8.2. Above Tie beam
4.40m2 Area of rendering for the rare parapet
2/ /
5/
5.40m
0.80m
4.32m2 Ditto. But for the side parapet (triangular part)
5.40m
0.20m
2.16m2 Ditto. But for the rectangular part
62.20m2 Total area of rendering for external walls
9. Gutter
32
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
4.40m Total length of 50cm DL gutter

10. Window sill
L= length of the window sill
L= 1.00+ 2/2.5cm
1.05m
Total length of 25cm wide window sill

11. Openings
1
0.80m x 2.10m corrugated metal sheet door
1
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
1.00m x 1.00m wooden window
33

E.C.
Calc. no. 1
Page 1 of 8
1
Description
A. Substructure
1. Earth work
1.1 site excavation
x
1.00m clearance gap
A=12bh
= 12(x)(4.40m)
4.40m
30
3.40m
x= tan 30 x 4.40m
= 2.55m
4.40m 30
2.55m
12/ /
A= 12bh
= 0.5(2.55m*4.40m)
we have 12 triangles
of this size
4.40m
2.55m
4.40m
67.32m2
Total area of site excavation to an average depth of 25cm from NGL.

1.2. trench excavation
x
1.00m clearance gap
A=12bh
= 12(x)(4.40m)
4.40m
30
3.40m
x= tan 30 x 4.40m
= 2.55m
4.40m 30
12/ /
2.55m
21.96m
0.50m
0.90m
A= 12bh
= 0.5(2.55m*4.40m)
we have 12 triangles
of this size
4.40m
3
9.88m
Total volume of trench excavation for foundation wall

1.3. back fill
x
x
2.9m
1.68m
2.90m
0.05m
2.9m
30
x= 0.58*2.90m
= 1.68m
1.46m3 Total volume of back fill under hard core
---------------------------Sign by contractor
----------------------------------sign by supervisor
34
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
21.96m
0.50m
UNIVERSITY
Description
4.4. cart away
C.A. = T.S. B.F
S.E = 67.32m2 * 0.25m
= 16.83m3
T.S = S.E + D.E
= 16.83m3 + 9.88m3
= 26.71m3
C.A = 26.71m3 1.46m3
= 25.25m3

2. concrete work
2.1. lean concrete
L= centerline perimeter of the lean concrete
L= 21.96m
10.98m2 Total area of 5cm thick lean concrete
21.96m
0.30m
0.20m
2.2. grade beam

1.32m3 Volume of concrete for grade beam
2.3. Floor slab
12/ /
12/ /
3m 30
1.74m
3.00m
0.10m
x=3*tan30
=0.58*3
= 1.74m
3.18m3 Ditto. But for floor slab

4.45m3 Total volume of concrete for grade beam and ground floor slab
1.74m
3.00m
31.32m2 Total area of 25cm thickness hard core
21.96m
0.50m
1.05m
11.53m3
3.2. foundation wall

L= 21.96m (see trench excavation)
Total volume of stone work for foundation
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
35

E.C.
1
3
21.96m
0.30m
2.80m
18.45m3
Description
B. superstructure
1. stone work
l= 21.96m (see trench excavation)
volume of wall including door
1.20m
0.30m
2.10m
0.76m3 Ddt. Ditto. For door
2/
1.00m
0.30m
1.00m
21.96m
0.30m
0.20m
0.60m3 Ditto. But for windows

17.09m3 Total volume of dressed stone walls
2. concrete work
l= 21.96m (see trench)
1.32m3 total volume of concrete for tie beam
3. Roof work
c= (1.20m) + (3.90m)
c = 16.65m
c=4.08m
pitch = 1.2cm
c
r
30
33
tan30= 0.58
12/ /
2.37m
4.08m
r= 3.90m
58.02m2
Total area of roof

4. Floor finish
3m
12/ / 1.74m
3.00m
31.32m2
1.20m
0.30m
12/ /
a= 0.58*c
a= 0.58*4.08m
a= 2.37m
30
=0.58*3
= 1.74m
Area of internal floor
Ditto. But under door

0.36m2 Total area of floor finish
31.68m2
5. Ceiling
1.74m
3.00m
31.32m
Total area of ceiling
36
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
12/ /
UNIVERSITY
20.88m
3.00m
62.64m2
Description
6.plastering
6.1. internal plastering
L= internal perimeter of the wall
L= 12*1.74m= 20.88m
Internal wall area
1.20m
2.10m
2.52m2 Ddt. Ditto for door
1.00m
1.00m
22.92m
3.00m
2/
1.00m
1.00m
2.00m2 Ditto but for windows

58.12m2 Total area of internal plastering
L= external perimeter of the wall
L= 12*1.91m = 22.92m
2 Area of external wall
68.76m
2.00m2 Ditto but for window
64.24m2 Total area of external plastering
7. Openings
7.1. Door
1 1.20m x 2.10m sheet metals door
2 1.00m x 1.00m sheet metal window
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
37

E.C.
150 W2
150
Dinning Room
150 W2
2520
175
Toilet
D2
Worked example two
scale 1:50
compiled by: Tura Maskala

Nasir Siraj
haramaya university
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
38
D1
Kitchen
305
660
2085 40
D6
15
40
55
175
55
20
60
3030110
D5
120 120
300
320
340
20
221
3 3 9 ,4 8
20
Living Room
W4
300
320
340
660
30
3 03 0
20
15
20
33 86 66
346
798
20
432
34 91 22
HARAMAYA
3
20
15
15
495
w1
15
90
D2
45
175
D1
90
bath room
184,84
70
Master bed room
392
D2
D1
90
63,83
115
300
bed room 1
w3
110
15
190,07
305
Worked example two
3030
216
150 320
300
w2
UNIVERSITY
412
D1
660
B
bed room 2
320
150
w
2
25
20
366

Nasir Siraj
haramaya university
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
scale 1:50
247
221
120
20
130
CIVIL
Worked example two
90
201
99
20cm HCB
Rendered wall
120
90
10cm HCB
rendered wall
25

Nasir Siraj
haramaya university
210
Rendered wall
210
plastered and painted
scale 1:50
25
90
FRONT ELEVATION
120
Front Elevation
25
80
20cm HCB
Rendered wall
Worked example two
plastered and painted
Rendered wall

Nasir Siraj
haramaya university
120
210
300
120
Rendered wall
25
90
100
120
90
10cm HCB
rendered wall
scale 1:50
25
REAR ELEVATION
Rear Elevation
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
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25

E.C.
200
300
Worked example two
10

Nasir Siraj
haramaya university
NGL
10cm thick RCslab

25cm thick hard core
10
Footing 1 (9 pcs)
typical wall section
90
30
300
25
25
20
200
20
5cm lean concrete
40
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
Description
A. Substructure
1. Earth work
1.1. Site excavation
8.40m
plinth area
9.78m
11.78m
10.40m
11.78m
10.40m
9/
2.00m
2.00m
1.85m
122.51m2 Total area of site excavation to an average depth of

25cm
1.2. Pit excavation
66.60m3 Total volume of pit excavation for isolated footings.
1.3. Trench excavation
50
301
798
39.24m
0.50m
0.95m
50
l= length of trench
l= 3/7.98m + 6/2.55m
l= 39.24m
347
50
50
255
50
255
50
18.64m3 Volume of trench including columns

9/
0.20m
0.20m
0.95m
3.01m
2.55m
0.10m
0.34m3 Ddt. Ditto for columns

18.30m3 Total volume of trench excavation for foundation wall.
1.4. Bulk excavation
Refer to fig. 1
1.54m3 Volume of bulk excavation in bay A and B
3.47m
2.55m
0.10m
1.77m3 Ditto but in bay C and D
3.31m3 Total volume of both excavation under hard core
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E.C.
1
Description
1.5. Back fill
2.00m
2.00m
1.50m
35
9/
150
20
20
200
200
54.00m3 Volume of footing including column

9/
0.20m
0.20m
1.50m
0.54m3 Ddt. Ditto for column
53.46m3 Total volume of back fill around footing column
1.6. Cart away
C.A = T.S B.F
T.S = S.E + D.E + T.E+ B.E
= (122.51m2 x 0.25m) 66.60m3 + 18.30m3 3.31m3
= 115.53m3
C.A = 155.53m3 53.46m3
= 65.38m3
9/
2.00m
2.00m
39.24m
0.50m
9/
0.20m
0.20m
9/
0.20m
0.20m
1.50m
9/
2.00m
2.00m
0.30m
39.24m
0.50m
0.25m

2. Concrete work
2.1. Lean concrete
a. Under footing pad
3 Area of lean concrete under footing pad
36.00m
b. Under foundation wall
L= 39.24m (see trench)
19.62m2 Ditto but under foundation wall
0.36m2 Ddt. Ditto for columns
55.26m2 Total area of lean concrete
2.2. Footing
0.54m3 Volume of concrete for footing column
10.80m3 Ditto but for footing pad

11.34m3 Total volume of concrete for footing
2.3. Grade beam
L= 39.24m (see trench excavation)
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HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
4.91m3 Total volume of concrete for grade beam

1
2
2/
Description
2.4. Ground floor slab
See fig. 1
3.01m
2.55m
0.10m
1.54m3 Volume of concrete for slab in bay A and B

2/
3.47m
2.55m
0.10m
3.31m3 Total volume of concrete for slab
39.24m
0.50m
0.90m
17.66m3
9/
3. STONE WORK
3.1. Foundation wall
L= 39.24m (see trench)
Volume of stone including columns
0.20m
0.20m
0.90m
2/
3.01m
2.55m
2/
3.47m
2.55m
0.32m3 Ddt. Ditto for column

17.34m3 Total volume of stone for foundation wall
3.2. Hard core
See fig. 1
15.35m2 Area of hard core in bay A and B
33.05m2 Total area of 25cm thick hard core
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E.C.
2
9/
3
0.20m
0.20m
3.00m
1.08m3
1.08m3
Description
B. SUPER STRUCTURE
1. Concrete work
1.1. Columns
Volume of concrete for ground floor columns
Ditto but for 1st floor columns
1.2. beams
20
346
fig.2
20
l= 3/7.98m + 6/3.00m
= 23.94m + 18.00m
= 41.94m
392
41.94m
0.20m
0.25m
20
20
300
20
300
20
2/
3.46m
3.00m
0.10m
2.10m Volume of concrete for floor beams

2.10m3 Ditto but for tie beam
1.3. Floor slab
See fig. 2
2.08m3 Volume of concrete for slab in bay A and B
2/
18/ /
3.92m
3.00m
0.10m
0.30m
0.18m
0.10m
1.10m
1.10m
0.15m

4.43m3 Total volume of concrete for floor slab
1.4. Stair case
Height of flight = h
h= 325 10 = 315cm
number of steps = n
n = 315/18 = 18 steps
assuming 18cm riser and 30cm going
a. Steps
3 Volume of concrete for steps
0.54m
b. Landing
0.18m3 Ditto but for landing

c. Soffit
6.30m
1.10m
0.15m
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CIVIL
HARAMAYA
1.04m3
1.76m3
18 x 18
18 x 30
53.52m
3.00m
160.56m2
3.00m
3.00m
2/
4/
0.60m
2.10m
1.50m
1.20m
1.20m
2.10m
0.85m
2.10m
31.32m
3.15m
4/
2/
UNIVERSITY
18 x 18 = 324
18 x 30 = 540
c = a + b
= 324 + 540
= 629.72
= 630
Ditto but for soffit

Total volume of concrete for soffit
Description
2. Masonry work
2.1. 20cm HCB
L= total length of 20cm wall
= 4/3.92m + 4/3.46m + 8/3.00m
= 15.68m + 13.84m + 24.00m
= 53.52m
Total area of wall in ground floor
9.00m2 Ddt. Ditto for W4

2.52m2 Ditto but for W3
2.52m2 Ditto but for D5
137.53m2 Total area of 20cm HCB for ground and first floors
2.2. 15cm HCB
L= length of 15cm HCB
L= 2.21m + 3.20m + 1.75m + 3.42m + 0.60m + 3.15m
+ 3.05m + 2.21m + 3.00m + 0.45m + 0.60m +
+ 1.86m + 1.90m + 3.92m
= 31.32m
98.66m2 Total area of wall for both floors
0.90m
2.10m
7.56m2
Ddt. Ditto for D1
2.94m2
Ditto but for D2
0.70m
2.10m
88.16m2
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E.C.
Total area of 15cm HCB for ground and 1st floor
partition walls
2.3. 10cm HCB
120
3.30m
1.20m
4/ /
1
330
330
7.92m2 Total area of 10cm HCB for parapet wall

Description
3. Roof work
798
120
330
60
2/
3.51m
7.98m
330
330
798
60
A= area of roof sheet

= 7.98 x C
C2 = a2 + b2
C = [(3.30m)2 + (1.20m)2]1/2
C = 3.51m
56.02m2 Total area of roof work
4. Skirting
L1 = total length of internal wall for ground floor.
L1 = 758+300+230+2/321+2/305+320+2/175+4/20+40
+282+60+522+75+170+342
= 4587cm = 45.87m
L= total length of skirting in ground floor
L= 45.87m (0.85m+2/0.9m)
L= 43.22m
45.87m
3.15m
43.22m Total length of internal skirting of ground floor

L2= total length of internal wall in upper floor
L2= 2/300+4/221+2/305+620+3/115+4/171+3/130+
190+175+2/114+2/20+392+247+495
= 5900cm = 59m
L= total length of skirting in upper floor
= 59m- (6/0.90m+4/0.70m)
= 50.80m
50.80m Total length of 10cm high skirting in upper floor
5. Plastering
5.1. Internal plastering
a. Ground floor
L= 45.87m (see skirting)
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CIVIL
HARAMAYA
144.49m2 Total internal wall area in ground floor
2/
1.50m
1.20m
0.85m
2.10m
1.79m2
0.60m
2.01m
1.21m2
1
2
2/
3
0.90m
2.10m
59.00m
3.25m
2/
6/
4/
UNIVERSITY
1.50m
1.20m
0.90m
2.10m
0.70m
2.10m
3.00m
1.20m
87.48m
0.25m
Ditto but for W3
Description
134.11m2 Total area of internal wall plastering and painting to
ground floor.
b. Upper floor
L= 59m (see skirting)
2 Total area of internal wall in upper floor.
191.75m
167.33m2 Total area of internal plastering and painting to upper
floor.
5.2. External plastering
a. Beams
L= (2/660+2/790)x3
= 87.48m
21.87m2
4.80m
6.00m
28.80m2
50.67m2
53.52m
Ditto but for D5
Area of plastering for beam

b. Columns
L= 24/0.20m = 4.80m
H= 2/3.00m = 6.00m
Ditto but for columns
Total area of external plastering for beams and
columns.
6. Rendering
6.1.Below Tie beam
L= 8/3m+4/3.92m+4/3.46m
= 24m+15.68m+13.84m
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E.C.
3.00m
= 53.52m
160.50m
Area of rendering for wall below Tie beam

3.00m
3.00m
9.00m3
Ddt. Ditto for W4
0.60m
2.01m
2/
2.41m2
Ditto but for W3
1
Description
3.10m
1.20m
4/
1.50m
1.20m
1.20m
2.10m
135.77m2 Total area of rendering for wall below the beam
6.2. Above Tie beam
4/ /
3.30m
1.20m
7.58m
3.00m
330
7.92m2 Area of rendering for wall above Tie beam

143.69m2 Total area of rendering
7. Floor finish
7.1.Ground floor
2
22.74m Area of floor finish in living and dining
3.92m
1.40m
5.49m2 Ditto but in living room
0.90m
2.67m
2.40m2 Ditto but in living room
1.10m
1.60m
1.76m2 Ditto but in stair case
2.82m
1.10m
3.10m2 Ditto but in stair case
1.10m
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CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
1.75m
1.93m2 Ditto but in corridor
1.10m
1.10m
1.21m2 Ditto in Toilet
3.05m
2.21m
6.74m2 Ditto but in kitchen
0.85m
0.20m
0.17m2 Ditto but in D6
0.90m
0.15m
1
0.14m2 Ditto but under D1

Description
0.70m
0.15m
3.00m
2.21m

45.99m2 Total area of floor finish for ground floor.
7.2. Upper floor
6.63m2 Area of floor finish in bed room 1
3.05m
2.21m
6.74m2 Ditto but in bed room 2
1.15m
1.71m
1.97m2 Ditto but in Bath room 1
1.30m
1.71m
2.23m2 Ditto but in bath room 2
4.54m
1.15m
5.22m2 Ditto but in corridor
2.47m
4.95m
12.23m2 Ditto but in master bed room
3.09m
1.45m
4.48m2
3/
2/
0.90m
0.15m
0.70m
0.15m
Ditto but in master bed room

40.12m2 Total area of floor finish for upper floor
8. Ceiling
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E.C.
40.12m2
Total area of ceiling.
9. Openings
9.1. Doors
4
3 90cm x 210cm ply wood door
1 70cm x 210cm ply wood door
1 120cm x 210cm glazed corrugated sheet metal door.
Ditto but 85cm x 210cm
9.2. Windows
4
2 150cm x 120cm LTZ frame glazed window
1 Ditto but 60cm x 201cm
1 Ditto but 300cm x 120cm
Ditto but 300cm x300cm French window
FORM WORK
Form work is a temporary supporting structure for concrete and other works. The estimation
of form work is conducted by taking the area of the member covered by the form work. After
the area of the form work is calculated it is changed to volume by multiplying with the
thickness of the board for purchasing purposes. The normal take off sheet paper can be used
for estimation of form work. The dimensions will be written in the dimension column, and
proper description shall be given in the description column.
For instance, look at the following method of writing in the take off sheet.
Lets say we have eight columns of size 30cm by 30cm and the height for all columns is
300cm.
Timesing Dimension Squaring
8/
1.30m
3.00m
Description
A. Super structure
1. Form work
1.1. Column
L= the developed length of the side of the column
L= 4/32.5cm=> 2.5cm is given for the thickness of
the board.
L= 130cm
31.20m2 Total area of form work for column
The same way the area of form work for all concrete members of the building is calculated.
The thickness of the form work board is added to one side of the concrete member.
50
CIVIL
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Experienced site carpenters can estimate the quantity of other struts. Braces and ties
roughly. There is no hard and fast rule for the estimation of such members as there number
cannot be clearly stated.
BAR SCHEDULE
The take off sheet has no room for estimation of reinforcement bars. Therefore, an other
separate sheet of paper is necessary.
Bar schedule is a tabular format that is specially used for estimating the quantity of
reinforcement bars required for a given project. A complete set of structural drawings is
necessary to take sizes and shapes of bars of different members of RC structures.
The bar schedule consists of around 8 column and sometimes the columns may even be
more. In many construction sites and engineering offices the following table is used.
Bar
Dia.
mark (mm)
Shape of
bending
Length
(m)
No
Total
length
Unit
weight
Total
weight
Location remark
1.Bar mark: in this column the mark of the bar is written. It is customary to mark bars or
Structural drawings for identification purposes.The marks may be given by English
Alphabets, numbers or symbols in circles.
Eg.
2. Diameter: in this column the diameter of the bar is written in mm eg. 12mm
3. Shape of bending: in this column the shape of the bar with its bending dimensions
Sketched. this will help the bar bender to prepare the bars according to the
specifications.
Eg.
20
470
20
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E.C.
4. Length: in this column the developed length of the bar is written in meter. This helps
bar bender to cut the bars appropriately before bending.
Eg. 4.90m
5. Number : in this column the amount of the bars is written. Eg. 4
6. Total length: in this column the total length of the bar is written in meter. It is
calculated by multiplying the length of the bar with the number. Eg. 19.60m
7. Unit weight: in this column the weight of the bar per 1m length is written in kg. the
unit weight of any bar depends on its diameter. Therefore, the following formula is
used to calculate the unit weight of the bar per meter length in Kg.
W = 0.222 ( 2/36)
W = 0.00617 2
W= weight of the bar in Kg per 1m length
= diameter of the bar in mm
Eg. The unit weight of 10mm bar in 1m length is w
W= 0.00617 2
= 0.00617 * 100 = 0.617 kg
8. Total weight: in this column the total weight of the bars is written. It is calculated by
multiplying the unit weight with the total length of the bar.
Eg. 12.09 kg
9. Location: in this column the location of the bar or the RC member is written.
Eg. Footing
10. Remark: in this column any necessary information, for instance, the exact position of
the bar in the RC member may be written,
Eg. Negative bar
Note: in some engineering offices you may find other formats different from the one shown
above. You can adjust yourselves with any of the one you understood the techniques of
transferring the necessary dimensions of the bars of the respective columns of the format.
Now, refer to the following structural drawing of the residential building, and carefully
look how the quantities are taken. For simplicity, you have first shown the technique in
drawing statements and then filled the table properly.
52
CIVIL
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UNIVERSITY
F1
C1
F1
C1
20
120
20
115
120
NGL
600
25
1412mm c/c 200mm

L= 155
120
8mm c/c 200mm

C1
F1
600
F1
C1
25
A 1412mm c/c 200mm
-20-
+ 325
A
412mm L = 342
-322-
F1 (4 Pcs)
A
C
412
D 8mm c/c 200mm
- 145
210mm
20
20
210mm
210mm
312mm A
F
G
20
20
238mm c/c 200mm

L= 90
210mm
25
200
210mm L= 220
5
5
8mm c/c 200mm
-575-
20
20
-30-
210mm A F 210mm
I
25
C1(4Pcs) Sec A-A
- 120
-217412mm
L = 247
0.00
25
50
+25
25
200
20
210mm L= 220
310mm L= 620
-620Beam on Axis 1,2,A,B at level 0.00 (GB) and +3.25 (TB)
H
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
20
20
20
312mm
Sec. B-B
Sec. A-A
210mm L= 660
-620-
312mm
5
5
20
20
308mm c/c 200mm

L= 90
53

E.C.
As you can see in the structural drawing the bar marked "A" is located in the footing pad as
bottom reinforcement (mesh). The developed length of this bar is 1.55m, and there are 14
bars in one footing. And there are a total of 4 footing in the building; this will make the total
amount of the bars 4x14 = 56. If the length of one bar is 1.55m, then the total length of all the
56 bars will be 56 x 1.55m = 86.80m. the weight of 12mm diameter bar in one meter length is
calculated by 0.006172 = 0.888 kg. if the weight of 1m length of the bar weighs 0.888 kg,
then the total weight of 86.80m long bar will be 0.888 x 86.80 = 77.08 kg. the specific
location of the bar is in the footing named "F1".
Note: all the double underlined numbers are to be filled in the bar schedule appropriately.
You can refer to the table at the end of this explanation.
Lets see again how the bar marked "D" is calculated. The bar marked "D" is a stirrup, which
is located in all the columns labeled "C1" the developed length of the stirrup is 0.90m. there
are totally 92 stirrups with this size in all the column labeled "C" the total length of the 92
bars with one stirrup taking 0.90m will be 0.90m x92 = 82.80m. The unit weight of the bar
with 8mm diameter is 0.395 kg. This will make the total weight of the bars 0.395kg x 82.8m
= 32.71kg.
Lets once again see how the bar marked "E" is calculated. As you can see on the
structural drawing of the building, the bar marked "E" is straight bar provided in the ground
floor slab as bottom reinforcement. The clear span of the slab is 575cm. you can calculate it
by taking 2.5cm concrete covering on all sides of the slab. You will add a straight bar with
length of 5.7m. the total number of the bar is calculated by dividing the clear span of the slab
to the center to center spacing of the bars and adding one. I.e 575/20 = 28.75. add one on this
29.75 and approximate it to the next figure will give you 30 bars on one side. But the slab is
reinforced on both sides in a similar manner. Therefore, the total number of the bars will be
2*30 = 60 bars.
Now, following the same procedures, you can calculate the remaining figures in the table
below and check that you have done them properly.
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CIVIL
HARAMAYA
Bar
Dia.
mark (mm)
A
12
Shape of
bending
20
20
Length
(m)
1.55
No
UNIVERSITY
Weight
(kg/m)
0.888
Total
weight
77.08
location
56
Total
length
86.8
remark
F1
Mesh
2.47
16
39.52
0.888
35.09
C1
Main
3.42
16
54.72
0.888
48.59
C1
Main
0.9
92
82.8
0.395
32.71
C1
Stirrup
5.7
60
342
0.395
135.09
Slab
Mesh
2.2
32
70.4
0.617
43.44
Beam
Negative
6.6
16
105.6
0.617
65.16
Beam
Top
6.2
24
148.8
0.888
132.23
Beam
Bottom
0.9
240 216
0.395
85.32
Beam
stirrup
115
12
12
247
322
5
5
8
20
10
20
20
10
620
20
12
620
5
5
20
20
20
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E.C.
SPECIFICATIONS
There are various ways executing a single work, unless one way is specifically mentioned.
Such statements that are used for detailed explanation of works in a project are called
specifications.
Specifications are usually necessary for the contractor (bidder in case of bidding) to
understand the scope of the work, and foresee method of executing it.
Contractors are expected to give their offer reasonably (neither too cheap nor too expensive)
based on the description of the work given in the bill of quantity or bid of document.
This will help on prospective bidders in analyzing the total material requirements, labor need
and completions time with some other un expected risks.
Therefore clear descriptions of all works shall be given in the bid document so that
contractors can simply understand what expected from them.
When you prepare specifications for works in a project:
You must avoid using repeated words

You must avoid non popular abbreviations
You must use clear English with less technical words
You must include all data necessary for the contractor to break down the cost of the
work
Generally as guide line some specifications are given below for the most widely
known works in building constructions.
A. Sub structure
- Earth work
.1 site excavation
Details shall be given on the following conditions.
Depth of site excavation

Eg. 25cm below ground level
Presence of tree and bushes
Eg. Tree with trunk circumference greater than 80cm are counted in number but these
with girth less than 80cm are included in area excavation.
Presence of existing building
Eg. Some times when old buildings are to be replaced by new ones, demolition of
existing building may be regarded as site clearance.
Sample specifications
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Clear the site to an average b/n depth of 25cm from NGL with all trees, bushes and
dirt collections and other organic materials completely removed from the
constructions site.
.2 trench excavations
Details shall be given on the following conditions
thickness of the foundations wall

eg. 50cm thick foundations wall
depth of the trench
eg. Use one of the following words to specify the depth of the trench
-
n/e 1cm
n/e 1.5cm
n/e 2cm
Note n/e is an abbreviation to mean not exceeding
nature of the ground or the soil

Eg. Use one of the following words to specify the nature of the soil
Ordinary soil
Hard rock
Soft soil
Possible presence of timbering
Eg . Sometimes when soft soils are excavated, the side of the trench falls in creating
extra timbering cost to the contractor un less he is notified before.
Sample specification
Trench excavation for 50cm thick foundation wall on ordinary soil to a depth
n/e 1.5cm from NGL
1.3. Pit excavation
Details shall be given on the following words to specify the depth of the pit
- n/e 1.5cm
- n/e 2.5cm
- n/e 3.5cm
Nature of the soil or the ground
Possible presence of timbering
Pit excavation for isolated footing on soft soil to a depth n/e 2.5cm from NGL. Timbering
may be necessary to prevent collapse of pit.
1.4. Bulk excavation
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E.C.
-
Depth of excavation
Eg . 40cm
Purpose of excavation
Eg. To remove black cotton soil out from the foundation
Bulk excavation under hard core to remove black cotton soil to an average depth of 40cm
from NGL.
1.5. Back filling
-
Whether the soil is to be bought or taken from the site

Eg .Sometimes ,when the soil at the construction site is very poor, it cannot be
used for back filling ,and therefore, selected material is necessary for filling.
Location of the back fill
Eg. Around footing
Thickness of layer to be compacted
Eg. 2.5cm
Backfill around footing pad and foundation wall by using selected material of trusted quality
compacted in 2.5cm layer.
1.6
Cart Away

-
Distance to dispose the soil

Eg . 2km away from the construction site
Dispose off surplus excavated material 2km away from the construction site. Any social or
Environmental complaints are borne by the contractor.
2. Concrete work
2.1. Lean concrete

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-
Grade of concrete
E.g. C-5
Mix ratio of concrete
E.g. 1:4:8
Thickness of lean concrete
Eg.5cm
Location of lean concrete
E.g. Under footing pad
Discharge 5cm thick lean concrete in C-5 grade or 1:4:8 ratio under footing pad.
2.2 . Footing
2.3. Grade bean
2.4.Ground floor slab
For all the above concrete members of building the same class concrete can be used , and
-
Grade of concrete
Eg. C-25
Mix ratio
Eg. 1:2:3
Thickness of concrete members
Eg .10cm thick concrete slab
Minimum cement content
Eg. 300kg/
Maximum size of course aggregate
Eg. 20mm
Provide C -25 concrete in 1:2:3 ratio with minimum cement content of 300kg/
. The
maximum size of coarse aggregate shall be 20mm , and the concrete shall be thoroughly
compacted around reinforcing bars.
3 .stone work
3.1 .Foundation wall
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-
Thickness of foundation wall

Eg. 40cm thick foundation wall
Nature of type of stone
Eg. Trachytic or basaltic stone
Dressing of stone. Use one of the following words.
- Undressed stone
- Semi dressed stone
- Dressed stone
Type and mix ratio of mortar
Eg. 1:4 cement mortar or 1:2:9 compo mortar
Supply and construct 50cm thick foundation wall with dressed basaltic or equivalent stone
bedded in cement mortar of 1:4 mix ratio.
3.2 Hard core
-
Thickness of hard core

Eg. 25cm thick
Nature or type of stone
Eg. Basaltic or equivalent stone
Any blinder
Eg. Blinded with red ash or scoria
supply and construct 25cm thick basaltic or equivalent stone hard core blinded with red ash
and scoria.
1. Concrete work
1.1. Columns
1.2 . Floor Beams
1.3. Tie beams
1.4. Floor Slabs
1.5. Roof slabs
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For all above concrete works, similar descriptions can be used

-
Grade of concrete
Minimum cement content of concrete
Maximum size of coarse aggregate
Size of member
Refer back to substructure
2. Masonry Work
2.1. Brick masonry
Type of bond
Eg. English or Flemish Bond
Thickness of wall
Eg.25cm
Mortar mix ratio
Eg. 1:4
Supply and construct 25cm thick well burnt sound brick wall in header bond
bedded in cement mortar of 1:4 mix ratio both sides left for plastering.
2.2.
Concrete Block Masonry

Thickness of the concrete block
Eg. 10cm, 20cm, and 15cm
Types of concrete block
Eg. Hollow concrete block or solid concrete (HCB/SCB)
Grade or mix ratio of mortar
Eg cement mortar in 1:4 mix ratio
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Supply and construct 15cm thick HCB partition wall bedded in cement mortar of 1:4
ratio
2.3.
Stone masonry
Thickness of the wall

Eg.30cm , or 40cm
Degree of dressing
Eg. Undressed, semi dressed, dressed
Type of stone masonry
Eg. Ashlar masonry or Rubble masonry
Grade of the mortar
Eg. Cement mortar of 1:4
Supply and construct 30cm thick fully dressed Ashlar masonry super structure wall
bedded in cement mortar of 1:4 mix ratio.
3. Roof work
Type of roofing materials

Eg. CIS
Brand ( if necessary)
Eg.Akaki or DH Gheda
Gauge or thickness
Eg. The gauge of the a roofing material is the thickness of the sheet
G -28 has a sheet thickness of 0.40cm
Supply and construct G-28 well galvanized corrugated sheet of iron of Akaki brand: price
includes all accessories.
4. Floor finish
Type of floor finishing materials

Eg. Terrazzo tile , PVC tile or ceramic tile
Size of material
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Eg. 20cm x 20cm x 2cm

Grade of the mortar
Eg. 1:4
Construct 20vm x20cmx 2cm terrazzo tile finishing bedded in cement mortar of 1:3 mix
ratio.
5. Plastering
Thickness of plaster
Eg. 25cm
Number of coats
Eg. 3
Grade of mortar
Eg . 1:3
Location of plaster
Eg. Internal wall
Type of mortar
Eg . Line mortar
Apply three coats of cement mortar plastering in 1:3 ratio to internal walls and ceiling
6. Ceiling
Type of the ceiling materials

Eg. Chip wood
Size and thickness of materials
Eg. 60cm x60cm x 8mm
Whether price include other fixtures
Supply and fix 60cm x60cm x 8mm chip wood ceiling on 7cm x 5cm zigba ceiling batten
spaced 60cm on centers. Price includes ceiling battens.
7. Skirting
Type of materials for skirting
Eg. Terrazzo tile skirting
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Size of material and height of skirting

Eg .2cm thick and 10cm high skirting
Grade of mortar
Eg. 1:4
Supply and construct 10cm high terrazzo tile skirting with 2cm thick tiles bedded in cement
mortar of 1:3 ratio
8. Rendering
Type of mortar for rendering

Eg. Compo mortar or cement mortar
Mix ratio
Eg. 1:2:9 for compo mortar
Thickness of rendering
Eg. 25mm
Apply 25mm thick 1:2:9 compo mortar rendering to external wall of main building
9. Glazing
Type of glass
Eg. Clear glass
Thickness of glass
Eg.3mm
Brand( if necessary)
Supply and fix 3mm thick clear glass to all opening.
10. Metal work
Type of metal
Eg.LTZor RHS
Thickness of metals
Eg. 4mm
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Supply and fix AKaki made LTZ steel door and window frames coated with antirust
paints.
11. Carpentery Work

Details can be given on the following conditions
Type of carpentry work
Eg .truss and form work
Type of materials
Eg .zigbakeraro
Whether price includes other fixtures
Supply and construct 7cm x 5cm zigba purlins at a center to center spacing of 90cm.
Generally for more information how specification are prepared. You can consult the
attached sample of bill of quantities of a selected project.
Bill of quantity
Bill of quantities is a table with 5 columns that specially contains the specifications of all
works in a project along with their amount. It is sold to contractors for non-refundable
money. The contractors read the specifications of the work in the bill of quantities and give
their own cost. The execution of each work in the bill of quantities . It is sometimes called
Abstract Form
The following table shows a typical abstract form.
Item
Description of work(2)
No.(1)
Unit(3) Quantity(4)
Rate(5)
Amount(6)
1. Item No. In this column, the item number of the work is written, and this number may
be obtained from the take-off sheet.
2. Description: In this column, the description of the work is written as per their
specification.
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3. Unit : In this column, the unit of measurement for the item is written.
4. Quantity :In this column, the amount of the work is written.
5. Rate : In this column, this column is filled by bidders. It is used to write the unit price
that the contractor offers for each work in the bill of quantities.
6. Amount : This column is too filled by the bidders. It is used to write the total price of
the work is written by multiplying the unit price with the quantity of the work.
It is the summation of these costs that gives the grand total construction cost of the
project. The following is the sample of bill of quantity prepared for the constructions of
the building. The quantities of which are calculated up to page 68 of this hand out. You
can refer back to the take -off sheet for more information on the items, and how they are
transferred.
Item
No.
1.1
1.2
Description of work
A. SUBSTRUCTURE
1. Earth work
Clear the to an average depth of 25cm
from NGL
Pit excavation for footing to a depth n/e
2.00 on ordinary soil.
1.3
Trench excavations for 50cm thick

foundation wall to a depth n/e 1m on
ordinary soil.
1.4
Bulk excavation under hard core to a

depth n/e 10cm from NGL
1.5
Back filling around footings with the soil

already excavated bay tamping in 25cm
thick layers
Unit
Quantity
Rate
Amo
unt
122.51
66.60
18.30
3.31
1.6
53.46
Dispose- off surplus excavated material

2km away from the construction site
65.38
2.1
2.2.
Total carried to summery

2. Concrete work
Construct 5cm thick C-5 lean concrete
with minimum cement content of
150kg/ under footing pad and
foundation wall
Supply C-5 concrete in 1:2:3 mix ratio
with maximum size of 20mm coarse
aggregate well vibrated around
reinforcement bars for footing.
55.26
11.34
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2.3.
(Form work &reinforcement measured

separately )
Ditto but for grade beam
2.4.
Ditto but for ground floor slab

3. Stone work
3.1
3.2
1.1
UNIVERSITY
4.9
3.31
Supply and construct 50cm thick basaltic

or equivalent stone foundation wall
bedded in cement mortar of 1:4 ratio
Supply and construct 25cm thick basaltic
or other equivalent stone hard core well
blinded with red ash or scoria
Total carried summery
B. SUPERSTRUCTURE
1. Concrete work
Supply C-25 concrete in 1:2:3
mix ratio with maximum size of
20mm coarse aggregate well
vibrated and compacted around
reinforcement bars for
a) Ground columns
b) Upper columns
17.34
33.05
1.08
1.08
1.2
Ditto but for

a) Floor beams
b) Tie beam
2.1
2.1
1.3
Ditto but for slab
4.43
1.4
Ditto but for stair case

2. MASONRY
WORK
Supply and construct 20cm thick class B
hollow concrete block bedded in cement
mortar of 1:4
Ditto but for 15cm HCB
137.53
2.1
2.2
2.3
Ditto but for 10cm HCB

Total carried summery
3. ROOF WORK
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88.16
7.92
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3.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
Supply and construct G-28 CIS of DH

Gheda brand with all fixtures
Total carried summary
4. SKIRTING
Construct 10cm high skirting with 2cm
thick terrazzo tile and bedded in cement
mortar of 1:4
a) In ground floor
b) Upper floor
Total carried summary
5. PLASTERING
Apply 3 coats of 25mm thick cement
mortar plastering to internal walls of
a) Ground floor
b) Upper floor
Ditto but for external plastering

56.02
m
m
43.22
50.80
134.11
167.33
50.67
Bid document
Bid document is a package containing the bill of quantities of a building project along with
the necessary architectural, structural, sanitary, and electrical drawings. The main objective
of bid document is:
-
To invite competent bidder in a transparent way

To make legal contractual agreement on conditions work
To set up a mechanism by which the construction progress can be controlled
What does Bid Document contain?

1. Invitation to bidders
Prospective bidders are invited through accessible mass medias (television, magazines
with wide coverage throughout the country).In the invitations to bidders, the following
are stated.
a) The owner of the project
Eg. Ministry of education
b) The type of project
Eg. Construction of elementary school
c) The location the project
Eg.Awash 7 kilo, Afar region
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d) The minimum licence grade for the bidders

Eg .GC-7 and above
e) The amount of bid bond in percent of the total construction cost
Eg. 5%
f) The engineering estimate of the project(As per the Megabit 1993 version)
Eg. 1,450,000 Birr
g) Address to collect the bid document from.
h) Cost of bid document
i) Submission date for the finished documents
j) Opening date for the package
k) Right of client to reject the bid fully or partially,
2. Conditions of contract
This is the governing part of the document that mainly states how the whole contractual
agreement is enforced, workers are administered, payment is made, disputed are settled,
failures are treated and so on. Almost all conditions of contract are more or less the same in
interpreting Ethiopian Building and Civil Codes. Important changes may arise on facts of:
a) Completion time of the project

-the completion time shall be reported in calendar days
b) Payment system
-payment is usually made every month based on measured amount of work. But
sometimes it is possible to settle payment at the end of some phase of construction.
c) Total construction cost and its type

-Contracts may be made for the execution of all the work in the project or any part
thereof, the cost may be for the labour or for materials supply.
d) Penalties
-For late submission of work behind schedule, the contractor may be penalized
depending on the agreement.
These and other agreements may be made between the contractors and client. The
agreement should be written in the condition of contract.
3. Past performance
In the bid document sold to prospective bidders, a table requesting information on the
past performance of bidders can be included to allow the contractors to specify some
project they were recently engaged in, and how they dealt with. This will help to
differentiate among competent bidders based on the performance the showed on the
projects of similar magnitude to ours. The performance is measured by the completion
time and the project cost (variation)
4. Equipment owned or leased:

Contractors may be requested to provide information on equipment they own that is
required by the project, as it is very determinant to effectively complete the works
thereof.
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5. Performance bond certificate
Sometimes when performance bonds are given by insurance companies, it is
customary to have item in certificate form. It ensures that the insurance company has
granted the client for the successful performance of the contractor in the life of project
construction.
6. Drawings:
Drawings are key instrument to understand the scope of the project, and the
construction method. Contractors badly need them, to estimate actual quantities for
themselves. Therefore, floor plan, site plans, foundation plans, roof plans, elevations,
sections, details, structural drawings sanitary drawings, and electrical drawings are
enclosed.
7. Bill of quantities
The specifications of all the works in the project are written in the abstract form. The
contractors will fill in unit prices against each item of work in the bill of quantities.
The total construction cost is calculated by summing up the prices in the total price
column.
Break down of materials

Every work in constructions can be broken it to smaller piece of works so that the
materials requirement can be assessed. To effect this, full specifications for all works
at necessary.
To calculate the quantity of materials required for a given work ,the break down sheet
attached can be used. Refer to the attached break down analysis sheet and look how it
quantities are broken down.
Example :
Calculate the quantity of materials required for 12 concrete for 1:2:3 ratio and w/c
of 0.5
Cement=1/6(12 ) x 1.05 x 1.30 x1400kg/ =3822kg
Sand=2/6(12 ) x 1.05 x1.3
=5.4
Gravel=3/6(12 ) x1.05 x1.3
=8.19
Water =cement x w/c
3822kg x 0.5=1911kg
Otherwise, if the grade of the concrete is known, the first page of break down sheet
can be used.
Example:
Grade of concrete is C-20
From the beak down
Specified grade, 275kg of cement, 0.39 of sand and 0.78 of gravel and 110litters
of water is required. The volume of our concrete is 12 . Therefore,
Cement=12 x 275kg/ =3300kg
Sand=12 0.39 / =4.68
Gravel=12 x 0.78 =9.36
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Water=12
110 kg/
UNIVERSITY
=1320kg
Example:
Calculate the amount of material for 50cm undressed foundation wall bedded in cement
mortar of 1:2 ratios, if the volume of the foundation is 4 .
From the attached table you can see that for the foundation wall the following materials are
required.
Stone=1
Cement=150kg
Sand=0.42
Therefore, the amount of materials required for 4

Stone=4
Cement=4

Sand=4
150
0.42
=4
foundation wall will be
=60kg
=1.68
Example: calculate the amount of materials required for 25mm thick cement mortar
plastering in 1:3 mix ratios in three coats, if the area of plastering is 100 .
From table, the amount of materials required 10 area of wall plastering is:
Cement=114.84kg
Sand=0.25
Therefore, the amount of the materials required for 100
plastering will be
Cement= (114.84 x 100)/10=1148.4kg

Sand= (0.25 x100)/10=2.5
Bidding
Bidders are invited to offer their price for all works in the bill of quantities, and compactions
are made among them based on their offer. It is not only the price but their past performance
equipment, professional person. But price plays the greatest role in selecting the winner.
According to the new rule, for governmental projects, contractors eligible party in the process
of bidding are those who are registered by the revenue office regarding live.
A contractor is supposed to submit his offer in two copies, one originals and one copies
before the expiry of the submission date.
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When the bid box is opened, prospective bidders or their legal representative will wait the
process, and all participants have the right to see every ones offer.
Each package is opened in front of the bidder, and here the presence of bid bond checked.
Once all the participants witnessed the legality of all bids, next step will be carry arithmetic
check and on the correctness of total price.
For arithmetic check, only those with offer in the range of +20% of the engineering estimate
are taken. The engineering estimate is set by the client (owner).
Contractors with price below 20% and above 20% of the engineering estimate are regarded as
non-responsive, and therefore they shall be rejected, and their bid bond are returned.
After the arithmetic check and the responsiveness, the following steps are followed to select
one contractor from the responsive bidders. This is according to WUDB megabit 1993
version.
1. Engineering estimate: This is the first estimation made by the employer of the party.
For big projects owned by the government bureaus and ministries, this estimate is the
50% of the estimation by consultant, and 50% of estimation of the ministry.
Eg. If estimation by ministry is 1,500,000 and by the consultant is 1,800,000 birr then
the engineering estimate will be
=50% (1,500,000) + 50% (1,800,000)
=1,650,000 Birr
2. Average estimate: This is the average of price offered by responsive contractors in the
project.
Eg
Contractor
Offer
A
1,326,734
B
1,967,926
C
1,588,926
D
1,766,000
E
1,400,000
The average cost offered by the above bidders is their sum divided by their number
(8,050.252)/5=1,610,050 Bir
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Materials List
Break Down
Prepared by: Nasir
Siraj &
Tura Maskala
Haramaya University
Civil Engineering
5th year
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3. Arranged estimate: This is an estimate, which is arranged by taking the sum of

25% engineering estimate and 75% of the average estimate.
Eg : arranged estimate=25% (1,650,000) +75% (1,610.050.40)

=1,620,037.80
4. Base line: The base line is calculated by taking _15% of the arranged
project cost
=1,620,037.80 -15% (1,620,037.80)
=1,377,032.20birr
5. Winner: The winner of this bid is the contractor whose offer is the least
beyond base line. This means only contractor with the least offer above
1,377,032.20 will awarded.
Based on the example contractor E wins the project by an amount equal to to
1,400,000 Birr
Now the client sends a letter of acceptance to the successful bidders informing , that he
won the project for the stated sum. The contractor must show up in 15 days a notifications
to sign on the contract agreement.
The other contractors can be notified that their offer has not been successful, but some
period called the bid validity , their bid bond will not be returned .until successful
contractor responds the time specified and signs on the documents, furnishes the
performance bond. If the winner fails to signs the agreement on the part specified, the
client has full right to forfeit the bid bond, and invite once contractor from loser. If all the
contractor, by one reason or another, fail to sign the agreement, their the bond will be
taken by the employer, and the employer has full right to prepare another bid.
1. Material list calculation for concrete
concrete
Class one concreteC-20 and above
Class two concrete.C-15 and below
Never include lean concrete in any one of above classes as it is
assumed to take no load at all
The following table for breakdown of concrete is given on the following
assumptions.
Assuming 30% shrinkage and 5% wastage
For mechanical mix..w/c=0.4-0.5
For hand mix w/c=0.4-0.65
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Note :- hand mix shall only be allowed for class concrete and shall not
be allowed for concrete of class C-20 and above.
Type of work
Materials required to procedure 1 of concrete
Concrete grade C -7
Mixing method mechanical
Mix ratio 1:4:8
Specified use beam conc.
Concrete grade C-15
Mixing mechanical
Mix ratio 1:2:4
Specific use stru. Conc.
Concrete grade C-20
Mix ratio 1:2:3
Specific use struc.conc.
Cement=150 kgs
Sand=773 kgs
Gravel=1890kgs
Water=60 litter
Cement=200 kgs
Sand=754 kgs
Gravel=1843 kgs
Water=80 litters
Cement=275kgs
Sand=754 kgs
Gravel =843 kgs
Water=10 litter
Concrete grade C-25

Mix ratio 1:2:3
Specific use stru. conc
Cement=300 kgs
Sand=777.5 kgs
Gravel=1645.5 kgs
Water=120litter
Materials list calculation

Roofing
Corrugated iron sheet roofing
Corrugated asbestos roofing
A. Corrugated iron sheet nailed on wooden truss
a. Roof covering up to 150 slope
Materials required:
1. roofing sheet=1.38 /corrugated
2. rubber washer=10 pcs/corrugated
3. dome beaded nail=10pcs/corrugated
b. Roof ridge 33cm wide
Materials required
1. Covering of 2m length=5 pcs/9m
2. Dome headed nail =0.05 kgs/m
c. Valley covers
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Materials required
1. Covering of 2m length=5 pcs/9m/
2. Halls 6cm =0.06kgs/m/
d. Gutter
Materials required:
1. Gutter with 2%wastrg=1.02 mt/m/
2. Lead=50gm/m
3. Acid =0.06littres
4. Screws=3pcs/m/
5. Metal brackets=3 pcs/m
e. Down pipe
Materials required
1. Down pipe=8 pcs/m
2. Metals bracket=1pcs/m
3. Kut and bolts=4pcs
f. Fascia board
Materials required
1. Fascia board with 10%wastage=1.1
2. Halls =0.07kgs/m
B. Corrugated asbestos sheet

a. Roof covering for up to 200 slope
Materials required
1. Roof covering =2.25 /asbestos sheet
2. Hooks
= 12pcs/asbestos sheet
3. Washer =12pcs/asbestos sheet
C. Carpentry and joinery

a. Eucalyptus truss for span up to 10 ml
Materials required
1. 10cm-12cm upper and lower eucalyptus wood truss member with
50% wastage =1.5ml/ml
2. Halls = 0.04kgs/ml
3. Band iron=0.12kgs/ml
4. 8cm -10 cm vertical and diagonal truss member with 60%
wastage=1.6ml/ml
5. Halls =0.06kgs/ml
6. Band iron =0.17kgs/ml
b. Truss out of 5 x 6cm zigba wood up to 10m span

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Materials required
1. 5 x10 cm zigba wood upper member in the truss with
15%wastage=1.15kgs/ml
2. Halls =0.03kgs/ml
3. Brand iron=0.12kgs/ml
4. 5 x10 cm zigba wood lower member with 15% wastage=1.2kgs/ml
5. 2(2.5 x 15 cm) zigba wood lower member with 15% wastage=2.30
mts/ml
6. Noll=0.04kgs/ml
7. Band iron=0.20kgs/m
c. Truss out of 2.5x15cm zigba wood
Material required
1. 2(2.5 x15cm) zigba wood upper and lower materials with 15%
wastage =2.30mts/ml
2. Nails=0.03kgs/ml
3. Band iron=0.10kgs/ml
4. 2(2.5 x15cm) diagonal and vertical member with 29%
wastage=2.4mts/ml
The general formula for quantizing concrete making materials is given below. You can use
this formula for more calculation over any concrete of your need.
Assume the following:
Concrete mix ratio is= a:b:c
Total volume of concrete=z
Total sum of part=r
Density of cement=u
Density of fine aggregate=v
Density of coarse aggregate=w
Amount of cement=(a/r) z x u x 1.30 x1.05
Amount of sand=(b/r) z x v x1.30 x 1.05
Amount of gravel=(c/r) z x w x 1.30 x 1.05
Note: 1.30 is given for the shrinkage property of the concrete and 1.05 is given for the
probability of wastage at site.
Materials list calculation for plastering

Plastering
Cement mortar plasteringcement and sand are used
Lime mortar plastering lime and sand are used
Compo mortar plastering cement, lime and sand are used
A. Cement mortar plastering on walls per 10 square meter
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Proportion
of cement
mortar
Cement:san
d
1:3
1:4
1:5
1:6
B.
AREA
12mm thick with
20% wastage
Volume of mortar
is 0.144
15mm thick with

15% wastage
Volume of mortar
is 0.172
20mm with thick

12% wastage
Volume of mortar
is 0.22
25mm with 10%

wastage
Volume of mortar is
0.25
Cement
( kgs )
sand
( )
Cement
(kgs)
sand
( )
Cement
(kgs)
Sand
( )
Cement
(kgs)
Sand
( )
66.15
53.00
44.1
37.80
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.16
79.10
63.80
52.68
45.15
0.17
0.16
0.19
0.19
102.90
82.43
68.60
58.80
0.22
0.24
0.25
0.25
114.84
92.00
76.56
65.62
0.25
0.25
0.27
0.28
Lime mortar plastering on walls per 10 squared meter
Area
Proportion of
lime mortar
Lime :
cement
5mm with 5%
wastage
Volume of mortar
is 0.0575
10mm thick with

15% wastage
Volume of mortar
is0.115
12mm thick with

15% wastage
Volume of mortar is
0.138
1:2
Lime
(kgs)
45.08
Sand
( )
0.048
Lime
(kgs)
91.77
Sand
( )
0.097
Lime
(kgs)
110.12
Sand
( )
0.116
1:3
25.36
0.054
50.20
0.109
60.86
0.130
1:4
27.54
0.058
55.09
0.116
666.10
0.139
78
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
2.1.
2.2.
UNIVERSITY
Cement=150kgs/
Sand=0.42 /
40 cm thick dressed super structure stone wall bedded in cement mortar

of mix ratio 1:4
Material required
1. Stone =1.5kgs/
2. Mortar =0.4 /
Brick masonry
1. Half brick wall bedded in compo mortar of mix ratio 1:2:9 both sides left for
plastering.
Materials required :
1. Brick =58 pcs/ ( 5% wastage is assumed)
2. Compo mortar= 0.0353 ( 10 mm joints and 15% wastage are
assumed)
2.1.Cement=5 kgs/
2.2.Lime =14 kgs/
2.3.Sand =0.8 /
2. One brick wall bedded in compo mortar of ratio 1:2:9 mix ratio both side left for
plastering.
Material required
1. Brick =115pcs/
(5% wastage is assumed)
2. Compo mortar=0.085 / ( 10mm joints & 15% wastage are
assumed).
2.1 Cement =12.5 kgs/
2.2 Lime=34 kgs/
2.3 Sand=0.8 /
3. One and half brick will bedded in compo mortar of ratio 1:2:9 both
sides left for plastering.
Material required
1. Brick =173pcs/ (5% wastage is assumed)
2. Compo mortar=0.113 / (10mm joints & 15%wastage are assumed)
2.1. Cement=17kgs/
2.2. Lime=45kgs/
2.3. Sand=0.27 /
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
79

E.C.
Hollow concrete block masonry

I.
II.
III.
10cm thick hollow concrete block wall bedded in cement mortar 1:4
Materials required
1. H.C.B with 5% wastage=13pcs/
2. Mortar with 20% wastage=0.0153 /
2.1.Cement=5 kgs/
2.2.Sand=0.014 /
Material required
1. H.C.B with 5% wastage =13 pcs/
2.1.Cement=6kgs/
2.2.Sand=0.028 /
Material required
1. H.C.B. with 5% wastage =13pcs/
2.1.Cement=10kgs/
2.2.Sand=0.028 /
4 .material list calculation for mortar

mortar
cement mortarcement and sand are used
lime mortarlime and sand are used
compo mortarcement, lime and sand are used
A. CEMENT MORTAR
No.
Type of work
Cement mortar 1:3
Materials required to produce in meter cube of

mortar
Cement(kg)
Sand( )
460
0.99
Cement mortar 1:3
368
1.05
Cement mortar 1:3
306
1.10
80
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
B. COMPO MORTAR
No.
Type of work
1
2
3
Compo mortar 1:1:6

Compo mortar 1:2:9
Compo mortar :1:3
UNIVERSITY
Material required to produce

1
Cement(kg) lime ( ) Sand(
221
300
0.95
147
399
0.95
195
528
0.89
C. LIGHT WEIGHT SCREED

NO.
1
2
Type Of work
Cement pumice 1:6

Cement pumice 1:8
Material required to produce

1

Cement(kg)
Pumice(
263
1.13
205
1.17
5. Material List Calculation for rendering

Rendering
Cement mortar rendering is the most widely applied type and hence is here
adopted.
1. Cement mortar rendering on walls per 10 square meters of area of a wall
with 20% wastage &1:3 mix ratio.
Mortar=0.06 /10
i. Cement=27.56kgs
ii. Sand=0.06
2. Cement mortar rendering on walls per 10 square meter of area of wall
with 20% wastage &1:4 mix ratio.
Mortar=0.06 /10
i. Cement=22.08kgs
ii. Sand=0.06
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
81

E.C.
6.Material List Calculation for pointing
Pointing
Brick wall pointed with cement mortar 1:3 with 15% wastage per 10 square
meters of area of wall.
Material required
1. Mortar =0.03 /10
1.1.Cement=13.78kgs/10
1.2.Sand=0.03
Stone wall pointed with cement 1:3 with 12% wastage per 10 square meters of
area of wall.
Materials required
1. Mortar=0.06 /
1.1.Cement=27.56kgs/
1.2.Sand=0.06
Bricks wall pointed with cement mortar1:3 with 10% wastage per 10 square
meters of area of wall.
Materials required
1. Mortar=0.02 /
1.2.
Sand=0.02
Brick wall pointed with cement mortar 1:4 with 15% wastage per 10 square
meters of wall
Materials required
1. Mortar=0.03 /
1.1.
Cement=11.04kgs/10
1.2.
Sand=0.03
Stone wall pointed with cement mortar 1:4 with 12% wastage per 10 square
meters of area of wall
Material require
1. Mortar=0.06 /10
1.2.Sand=0.06
Hollow block wall pointed with cement mortar 1:4 with 10% wastage per 10
square meter of wall
Material required
1. Mortar=0.02 /10
82
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
1.2.Sand=0.02
MATERIAL LIST CALCULATION FOR FLOORING
flooring
Flooring includes all these material used for covering the surface wall and floor.
A. FLOORING
i.
20 x20 x2 Terrazzo tile with 20%wastage bedded in cement
mortar of mix ratio 1:4
Material required:
1. Terrazzo tile=26pcs/
2. 2.5cm thick mortar with10% wastage
2.2.Sand=0.0275 /
ii. Cement screed flooring with an average thickness of 2.5cm
Material required
1. Mortar of 1:3 ratio with 15% wastage =0.03
2. 2.1 cement=13.78kgs/
3. 2.2 sand=0.024 /
iii. 2cm thick marble slate flooring bedded with cement mortar 1:4
Material required:
1. Marble slate with 20%wastage =1.20 /
1.2.Sand=0.29 /
iv.
2cm thick marble chip
Materials required
1. Marble chip with 20% wastage=1.20 /
2.1. Cement=10.12 kgs/
2.2. Sand=0.29 /
v.
1.5mm, 2mm or 2.5mm thick plastic flooring
Materials required
1. Plastic tile with 5% wastage(size 25 x 25)=17pcs/
2. Plastic tile with 5% wastage (30 x30 )=12pcs/m2
3. Adhesive including wastage =0.3kgs/m2
vi.
Wooden flooring
Materials required
1. Boarding with 2% wastage=0.02m2/m2
2. Nails (4-6 cm length) = 0.06kgs/m2
vii.
Carpet flooring
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
83

E.C.
Materials required
1. Carpet with 5% wastage =0.05m2/m2
B. WALLING
i.
Ceramic tiles with 5% wastage bedded in cement mortar 1:4
Materials required
1. Ceramic tiles( size 15 x15 ) =47pcs/ m2
2. Mortar with 10% wastage =0.001 m2/m2
2.1 cement =0.37kg/ m2
2.2 sand =0.001m3/ m2
2.3 Cement for grouting the joint = 0.01kgs/ m2
ii.
Mosaic wall tiles with 20% wastage bedded in cement mortar 1:4
Materials required
1. Mosaic tiles =1.02 m2/ m2
2. Mortar with 10% wastage = 0.01 m2/ m2
2.1 cement=0.37 kg/ m2
2.2 sand =0.001 m3/ m2
2.3 cement for grouting the joints =0.02 kgs/ m2
C. SKIRTING
i.
Terrazzo tile or ( cement tile) for skirting bedded in cement mortar1:4
Materials required
1. Tile with 10% wastage ( 10 x10 ) 17pcs/1m3/ m2
2. Mortar with 10% wastage 0.04 1m2/ m2
2.1 cement=0.22 kgs/ml
2.2 sand=0.006 m3/ pcs
ii.
plastic tile for skirting bedded in proper adhesive

materials required
1. plastic tile with 2% wastage =1.02 m2/ml
2. adhesive including wastage =0.01 kgs/ml
iii.
marble slate for skirting bedded in cement mortar 1:4

materials required
1. marbles slate with 10% wastage
2. mortar with 10% wastage =0.003
/ml
84
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
iv.
UNIVERSITY
wooden skirting bedded in screws and fishers

materials required
1. wood with 10% wastage =1.10 m/ml
2. fishers =5 pcs/ml
3. screw =5 pcs/ml
D. WINDOW SILL
i.
Marble slate window sill width 27 cm bedded in cement mortar of 1:4
Materials required
1. Marble slate 2 or 3 cm thick=1m/m2
2. Mortar with 10% wastage =0.007
2.1 cement 1.6 kgs/ml

2.2 sand =0.007
ii.
precast concrete window sill 5cm thick and 27 cm wide

materials required
1. concrete with 10% wastage =0.015
2. mortar with 10% wastage =0.007
/ml
/ml
2.1.cement= 2.6kg/ml
2.2.sand=0.007
/ml
8. Materials List Calculating for Painting

PAINTING
a. Two coats of plastic emulsion point to internal newly plastered surface
Materials required
1. Priming coat to fill the pores of the surface to prepare smooth base
for the first paint coat =62.5 gm/m2
1.1 stucco =50gm/m2
1.2 animal or vinavil glue=12.5gm/m2
first coat =0.07 lit/ m2
second coat=0.06 li/ m2
brush for plastic paint 40 x 140 mm=1pcs/500 m2
sand paper=0.01 m2/ m2
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
85

E.C.
gypsum=0.035 kg/ m2
b. Three coats of plastic emulsion paint to internal newly plastered surface
Materials required
1. Priming coat to fill the pores of the surface to prepare smooth base
for the first paint coat =62.5 gm/m2
1.1.Stucco =50gm/ m2
1.2.Animal or vinavil glue=12.5gm/ m2
2. First coat=0.07 lit/ m2
3. second coat=0.06 li/ m2
4. third coat=0.05 lit/ m2
5. brush for plastic paint 40 x 140 mm=1pcs/500 m2
6. sand paper=0.01 m2/ m2
7. gypsum=0.03 kg/ m2
c. two coats of plastic emulsion paint to external newly plastered surface
Materials required
1. Priming coat = 62.5 gm/ m2
1.1. Stucco =50 gm/ m2
7. cement mortar = 0.02 kg/ m2
d. Three coats of plastic emulsion paint to external newly plastered surface
Materials required
1.1 Stucco =50 gm/ m2
86
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY

7. cement mortar = 0.02 kg/ m2
e. Two coats of plastic emulsion paint to external rendered surface
Materials required
f. Three coats of plastic emulsion paint to external rendered surface
Materials required
1
First coat=0.13 lit/ m2

3. third coat = 0.10 lit/m2
g. two coats of synthetic enamel paint to wooden surface
material required
1
First coat=0.6 lit/ m2

3. solvent or thinner for 1st and 2nd coat = 0.51 lit/gal
4. brush 4" or 5" =1pcs/200 m2
5. stucco = 0.05 kgs/m2
6. sand paper 0.007 m2/ m2
h. three coats of synthetic enamel paint to wooden surface
material required
3. third coat = 0.04 lit/ m2
4. solvent or thinner for 1st and 2nd coat = 0.51 lit/gal
5. brush 4" or 5" =1pcs/200 m2
i. two coats of varnish to wooden surface
material required
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
87

E.C.
3. brush 4" or 5" =1pcs/200 m2
j. cement paint to porous smooth surface
materials required
1. cement paint = 0.51 lit/m2
2. brush 4" or 5" =1pcs/200 m2
k. cement paint to porous rough surface
materials required
3. cement paint = 1.25 lit/m2
4. brush 4" or 5" =1pcs/200 m2
l. three coats of plastic emulsion paint to chip wood ceiling
Materials required
1.1 Stucco =50 gm/ m2
3. Knitting
3.1. Stucco = 0.05 lit/m2
3.2. Gypsum = 0.04 lit/ m2
4. Second coat = 0.08 lit/ m2
m. three coats of synthetic enamel paint to steel surface
materials required:
1. anti-rust = 0.04 lit/ m2
2. solvent (thinner) for 1st or 2nd coat = 0.5 lit/ m2
3. first coat = 0.04 lit/ m2
88
CIVIL
HARAMAYA
UNIVERSITY
4. second coat = 0.04 lit/ m2

6. solvent (thinner) for 1st or 2nd coat = 0.51 lit/ m2
7. brush 4" or 5" =1pcs/300 m2
n. galvanized iron
1. first coat = 0.04 lit/ m2
2. second coat = 0.04 lit/ m2
4. solvent (thinner) for 1st or 2nd coat = 0.51 lit/ gal
5. brush 4" or 5" =1pcs/300 m2
Note: galvanized iron shall not be painted until it has been exposed to the weather for half a
year as paint.
9. Material list calculation for damp proofing

DAMP PROOFING
a.
One coat of bitumen for plastered wall surface
Materials required:
1. Bitumen emulsion for primer coat with 5% wastage = 0.42 kgs/ m2
2. One coat of bitumen emulsion with 5% wastage = 0.79 kgs/ m2
Ditto but two coats
Materials required:

2. two coat of bitumen emulsion with 5% wastage = 1.59 kgs/ m2
b. One coat of bitumen for ground slab
Materials required:
HARAMAYA UNIVERSIY
89

E.C.
Ditto but two coats
1.
Bitumen emulsion for primer coat with 5% wastage = 0.42 kgs/ m2
2.
two coat of bitumen emulsion with 5% wastage = 1.59 kgs/ m2
c. One coat of bitumen for roof slab
Materials required
1.
2.
One ply of glass fibres with 10% wastage & lap = 1.2 m2/ m2
Ditto but two coats
Materials required
1.
2.
Two plies of glass fibres with 10% wastage & lap = 2.4 m2/ m2
3.
two coats of bitumen emulsion with 5% wastage = 4.5 kgs/ m2
4.
two coats of reflecting finish with 5% wastage = 0.32 kgs/ m2
90

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CIVIL

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

5. What are the works in each category?

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

the shaded region

A is the area of site

HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

V= the volume of void space to be

T.S is total soil and B.F is back fill

V = (S.E+D.E+B.E) B.F S.E is soil excavated from bulk excavation

HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

It consists of the following works in substructure

V1 = volume of footing pad

V2 = volume of footing column

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

Cubic meter (m3) if the thickness of slab is greater than 10cm

Refer back to fig.3

HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

7. SUPER STRUCTURE OF BUILDING

Tie beam lay out

there are four columns of size 20cm*20cm

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

v= volume of concrete for tie beams

1.4 stair cases

HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

r= riser of the steps

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

c refers to the actual length of slab

HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

actual length of the

* we have floor finishes under the door

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

Take off sheet

Take off Sheet

forward slash is followed after the unit less numbers or constants

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

Eg. 3.574 (wrong) => 3.57 (correct) 3.577(wrong) 3.58 (correct)

contains information about the construction

Contractor: ----------------------------------------Consultant: ----------------------------------------Take off sheet

--------------------------------sign by super visor

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

15cm HCB parapet

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

QUANTITY SURVEYING 2007

V is rhe total volume of trench excavation

HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

there is an other alternative