Clarifier Design Chap 11
Clarifier Design Chap 11
Clarifier Design Chap 11
Chapter 11
Secondary Clarifiers
SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
Hindered (Zone) settling
DESIGN CRITERIA
Overflow rate(surface loading)
Solids loading
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A
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1. Inlet zone
2. Settling zone
3. Sludge zone
4. Outlet zone
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Central feed
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from the channel the flow discharges through the orifices into sedimentation tank
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Settling Zone
It depends on the following desing parameters:
Settling characteristics of the suspended matter
Detention time
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Sludge Zone
Rectangular tanks the bottom is slightly sloped to facilitate sludge scraping
a pair of endless conveyor chains
bridge type mechanism
continously pulls the settled material into a sludge hopper where it is pumped out
periodically.
Motion of scraper momentarily resuspend lighter particles a few cm above the scraper
blades
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Circular tanks
The bottom of the tank is sloped to form an inverted cone and the sludge is
scraped to a relatively small hopper located near the center of the tank
Velocity or scraper important
Very high velocty resuspension of settled particles (<5mm/sn)
Travelling bridge with sludge suction headers and pumps not very good
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Outlet Zone
weir channels are used
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to increase weir length (i.e to decrease weir loading) double-sided weirs can be
used
Typical weirs 90o V notch metal plates bolted onto the effluent collection
through
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May be placed
at the opposite and of the rectangular basins
if the weir loading causes the required weir length to be greater than tank width
the channel may be extended to a length of 1/3 the basin length (Reynolds)
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Influent
Effluent
Orifices
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Example:
Design circular secondary clarifiers for an extended aeration activated sludge
system receiving a flow of 250 000 m3/d average, 375 000 m3/d peak flow.
The activated sludge system has MLSS concentration of 4160 mg/l. Return
activated sludge recycle ratio is 1
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Bulking sludge
MLSS with poor settling characteristics.
In a bulking sludge condition ,the MLSS floc does not compact or settle well,
and floc particles one discharged in the clarifier effluent.
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Filamenteous bulking
caused by the growth of filamenteous organisms
low DO, low F/M, complete mixing conditions favor the growth of
filamentous organisms
Viscous bulking
caused by an excessive amount of extracellular biopolymer, which
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0.002 -0.008
kg Cl2
kg MLSSd
Good solution:
Use of selectors
specific bioreactor
favors the growth of floc-forming bacteria
instead of filamenteous bacteria.
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Selectors
Selectors
Filamenteous bacteria
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Rising Sludge
Sludge that has good settling characteristics will be observed to
rise or float to the surface after a relatively short settling period
Denitrification
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Nocardia Foam
Two bacteria genera
Nocardia
Microthix parcivella
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