This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

UNIT 5

Multiview Drawings

After completing this unit, you will be able to:

Explain the relationship between an orthographic
projection and a multiview drawing.
Identify and define the three dimensions of an object.
Define the three regular views.
C

Identify three principal planes of projection.

Explain three visualization principles for multiview
drawings.
Identify the three types of flat surfaces.
Explain characteristics of cylindrical surfaces.
Explain characteristics of fillets, rounds, and runouts.

Identify differences between third-angle and firstangle projection.

The purpose of a drawing is to show the size and
shape of the object. A drawing can also provide certain
information on how an object is to be made. Various
methods of presentation are available to the designer or
drafter. However, the best way to show every feature of
an object in its true size and shape is to use an
arrangement of more than one view known as a
multiview drawing. Multiview drawings are created
using the principles of orthographic projection. Many
drafting and print reading texts use the terms
orthographic projection and multiview drawing
interchangeably.

Orthographic Projections of Views

Any view of an object drawn by a drafter can be
explained as the projection of an objects features onto
a two-dimensional plane. For a drawing, the plane is
often a piece of paper or computer screen. Simply
defined, orthographic projection is a system wherein
parallel lines, called projectors, are used to project the
object onto a projection plane.

The projectors are perpendicular to the projection

plane, thus resulting in an exact and very precise view.
If more than one projection plane is used, the result is a
multiview projection. In general terms, a multiview
drawing is a drawing based on the principles of
orthographic projection.
The different views of a multiview drawing are
systematically arranged. This allows anyone reading
the drawing to connect the views together, thus
forming a mental picture, Figure 5-1.

Projection Explained
A skilled technician reading a print must be able
to visualize the object as a whole. This means they
must be able to look at the views in a drawing and
interpret those into a mental picture. Understanding
how views are projected and arranged will help you
later in the visualization process.
One way to help you understand the multiview
system is to observe how a cardboard box unfolds.
Each side of the box is oriented similar to orthographic
projection views. The sides are at right angles to each
other and have a definite relationship. See Figure 5-2.
If the front of the box remains in position, the four
adjoining sides unfold similar to how the views of a
multiview drawing are arranged.
Now think of the cardboard box as made out of
glass. Place an object inside of the glass box and
imagine that the points of the object are projected onto
the glass planes as views. See Figure 5-3. Imaginary
projection lines are used to bring the separate views to
each projection plane. If the glass box is unfolded like
the cardboard box, six views are shown in an
orthographic arrangement. Once you have perfected
mentally projecting orthographic views using the glass
box, you will be able to see orthographic views looking
at any object, Figure 5-4.

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74 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

Projected points

Glass box
Figure 5-1.
The views of a multiview drawing are systematically arranged so anyone can visualize the object.

Top
T

Top

Rear

Front

Left

side

Front

Right

side

t
Ri

id

Rear

Left side

Front

Right side

Bottom

Figure 5-2.
Each side of an unfolded cardboard box is oriented similar to orthographic projection views.

Selection of Views
An orthographic projection can result in six
normal views, as previously illustrated. Since there are
three directions in space, an object can be viewed from
the right or left, top or bottom, and front or back.
However, only those views necessary to clearly
describe the object need to appear in the

drawing. Seldom is an object so complex that all six

normal views are required. Usually, the necessary
details can be shown in two or three views. Three
views will almost always fully describe an object, but
more views can be used if there is a lot of detail on the
opposite sides of an object. Directions other than the
six normal directions are defined as auxiliary views,
which are discussed in Unit 7.

Bottom

Figure 5-3.
If an object is placed inside of a glass box and projected onto each side, when the glass box is unfolded, six views are
shown in an orthographic arrangement.

75

76 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

principal planes of projection will be established and

only three regular views used. The front view will
project onto a plane called the frontal plane, the top
view will project onto a plane called the horizontal
plane, and the right side view will project onto a plane
called the profile plane. See Figure 5-5.
With these three planes of projection in mind, here
are some principles to help you read the print.

Top
Right
side
Front

Front

Right
side

Principle One. A flat surface is oriented

perpendicular, parallel, or inclined to a plane of
projection. See Figure 5-6.
u Principle Two. As a result of Principle One, all
flat surfaces appear in a multiview drawing as:
A) a line, if oriented perpendicular.
B) true size and shape, if oriented parallel.
C) foreshortened, if oriented inclined. See
Figure 5-7.
u Principle Three. All surfaces appear in every
view of a multiview drawing, even if only as a
line and even if represented by a hidden line.

Figure 5-4.
Looking at a three-dimensional object, you must be able to see the orthographic views of the object.

In educational settings, the front, top, and right

side views are typically used to describe an object. This
type of drawing can be referred to as a three-view
drawing. Yet, many objects made of flat sheet metal
require only one view, while cylindrical objects may
only require two views. The following rules will help
in the selection of views.
u Only views clearly describing the shape of the
object should be drawn.
u Select views containing the fewest hidden lines.
For reference, compare the two side views in
Figure 5-3.
u If practical, draw the object in its functioning
(operating) position.
u If practical, draw the view best describing the
shape of the object as the front view.

Throughout the field of drafting, three terms

predominantly used for the three dimensions of an
object are height, width, and depth. The height and
width of the object are shown in the front view, but not
the depth. The width and depth of the object are shown
in the top view, but not the height. The height and
depth of an object are shown in a side view, but not the
width.
Height is defined as the top-to-bottom
measurement for an object, as you look at the front
view. Remember, the front of the object is not always
selected as the front view! Width is defined as the leftto-right measurement of an object, as you look at the
front view. Depth is defined as the front-to-back
distance of the object, as based on the orientation of the
object for the views. Standardizing the terms used for
the measurements is critical to studying print reading
and for completing the exercises in this unit.

Three Types of Surfaces

There are three basic types of flat surfaces in an
orthographic projection. A normal surface is parallel to
one of the three projection planes and, therefore,
perpendicular to the other two. For example, each
surface of a cube is normal and the top flat surface of a
cylinder is normal. If normal surfaces are examined
with respect to the three principles:
u A normal surface appears true size and shape in
only one view.
u The normal surface appears as a line in two of
the three regular views.
Think about this for a while. Very often, when you
look at a line in a multiview drawing, you are looking
at the edge view of a surface. When you look at the
front view of a cube, you see the top and right side
surfaces as lines. Study Figure 5-8A. With respect to
the top surface of the cube in the front view, if you only
see the front edge along the front surface, you are
still thinking in two dimensions. As your visualization
ability increases, you will see
these lines as surfaces that extend back.

H
P

F P

Horizontal
Frontal

One of the keys to reading a multiview drawing is

familiarity with the terminology used for the
dimensions of an object. It is critical to discuss the
scientific explanation of projections using standard
terms. As you have probably noticed, each projected
view is two dimensional, even though the object is
three dimensional.

Frontal

Dimensions of an Object
Visualization of Objects
Another necessary step on the road to successful
print reading is understanding how views are created
by projection. You will examine how flat, or planar,
surfaces are oriented in space and how they appear in a
multiview drawing. At this stage, three

Figure 5-5.
Three basic projection planes are used to explain multiview drawings.

Profile

Top

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78 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

A second type of flat surface is the inclined

surface. An inclined surface is perpendicular to one
plane of projection, but inclined to the other two planes
of projection. If inclined surfaces are examined with
respect to the three principles:
u An inclined surface appears as a line in only one
of the three regular views.
u An inclined surface appears as a foreshortened
shape in two of the three regular views.

Perpendicular

Parallel

Study Figure 5-8B. Surface C is perpendicular to

the frontal plane, so it appears as a line in the front
view. However, it is inclined to the horizontal and
profile planes, so it appears as a foreshortened shape in
those two views. Analyze surfaces A and B in the same
way. In summary, the shape of an inclined surface
appears twice in three regular views, but a normal
surface shape only appears once! The normal surface is
true size and shape, but the inclined surface is never
true size and shape in a regular view.

Inclined

Figure 5-6.
A flat surface is oriented perpendicular, parallel, or inclined to a plane of projection.

A third type of planar surface is the oblique

surface. An oblique surface is not only inclined, but
rotated. Therefore, it is inclined to all three planes of
projection. It is not true shape and size in any view. In
fact, it may appear a little distorted due to the
projection angle it forms with the projection plane. It
also does not appear as a line in any view. See Figure
5-9.
Edge view
(looks like a line)

True size
and shape

Foreshortened
shape

R
F

A
Figure 5-8.
AThis object has normal surfaces. BThis object has normal and inclined surfaces.

Figure 5-9.
An oblique surface is not only inclined, but rotated.
Surfaces B and X are oblique surfaces.

Cylindrical and Curved Surfaces

Figure 5-7.
A flat surface can appear in a projection as an edge, in true size and shape, or foreshortened.

B
B

Cylindrical surfaces present another set of visual

challenges to the print reader. Technically, cylindrical
surfaces are made of thousands of elements that form
a curved surface about an axis, Figure 5-10. The
designer has often planned it so that a flat surface is
tangent to a curved surface, thus making a smooth
transition between the curve and the flat. See objects B
and D in Figure 5-10. In these cases, no lines are
shown at the element of tangency. Be aware, however,
some CAD programs that automatically generate the
views from the model show these elements of
tangency. Also, when flat surfaces form intersections
and cutouts with cylindrical surfaces, the projections
can be tricky. Study Figure 5-11 to help you visualize
how cylindrical surfaces are projected in multiview
drawings.

A
No visible
line here

C
No visible lines
at tangencies
D
Figure 5-10.
Cylindrical surfaces. A flat surface is often tangent to a
curved surface, as shown in B and D.

79

80 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

81

meanings a line in a multiview drawing can have,

whether it is visible or hidden. As you learn how to
read prints, keep these three meanings in mind.

First-Angle and Third-Angle

Projection
The system of projection explained earlier in the
unit is common throughout the United States. The
projection of a view is basically what the viewer sees
when looking at the object through the glass projection
plane. The glass box is unfolded in such a way as to
place the top view above the front view. This is known
as third-angle projection. In many countries,
especially in Europe, a slightly different projection
system is used that results in the views being located
differently.
The two projection systems used in industrial
drawings are identified as third-angle projection and
first-angle projection. These two types result from
a theoretical division of space into four quadrants by
vertical and horizontal planes, Figure 5-15. The viewer
of the four quadrants is considered to be in front of the
frontal plane and above the horizontal plane. The views
are arranged by folding the two planes into one by
collapsing the second and fourth quadrants and the
views are then seen from the front. As a result of this,
there are no second or fourth angle projections. If there
were, the views would overlap.

Figure 5-11.
This figure helps illustrate how cylindrical surfaces are projected in multiview drawings.

Fillets, Rounds, and Runouts

Molded and cast objects have rounded edges
called fillets and rounds. See Figure 5-12. Fillets are
interior rounded edges. Rounds are exterior rounded
edges. Most CAD programs have a command called
FILLET to perform this task of rounding corners, both

interior and exterior.

Round

These rounded corners also create situations

where the drafter has to decide whether or not to
project the edge. Conventional practice calls for the
lines to be shown if needed for clarity in describing the
object. This is sometimes a judgment call. If the edge is
shown, the line is projected as if the corner is sharp or
square. When a rounded corner intersects a curved
surface, the edge fades, or tails out. This is called a
runout. Note, however, this is different than runout as
defined in Unit 13, Geometric Dimensioning and
Tolerancing. See Figure 5-13 for an example of how
runouts may be drawn. This is another case wherein
views automatically created from a 3D model by the
CAD program may differ from views created by a
CAD operator using two-dimensional CAD lines and
conventional practice.

Meanings of a Multiview Line

Fillet

Figure 5-12.
Molded and cast objects have rounded edges called
fillets and rounds.

In summary, there are many different perimeter

shapes that a flat surface can have, from circular, to
square, to polygonal. Yet, if the surface is
perpendicular to the projection plane, it simply projects
as a line. Therefore, many lines in a multiview drawing
represent the edge view of planar surfaces. Curved
surfaces also are seen as edge views if the curved
surface is perpendicular to the projection plane. See
Figure 5-14.
A second meaning a multiview line can have is
simply an intersectionan edge where two surfaces
meet and nothing more. A third meaning a multiview
line can have is the maximum contour
element of a curved surface. In some views, this will be
represented by a line. These are the three

Runout
Figure 5-13.
When rounded edges intersect curved surfaces, a
runout is used to show how the edge tails out.
Computer-generated views from a CAD model may
show this differently.

A
B

C
B

C
A

A
A

C
C

A = Edge view of a flat

or curved surface
B = Intersection of two surfaces
only (just an edge)

C=

A
Figure 5-14.
This figure shows how to interpret several lines on a multiview drawing.

Maximum contour of a
curved surface

82 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

n
tal

o
ri

Viewe

zon

tal

43

Figure 5-15.
The two types of projection are based on a theoretical
division of space into four quadrants. Quadrants two and
four are not used.

Front view
rw
ee
Vi

Viewer
Fr

As presented earlier in the unit, in third-angle

projection, the object resides in the third angle of
space. So, the projection planes are considered to be
between the viewer and the object. The views are
projected toward the viewer onto the planes. See
Figure 5-16. When quadrants two and four are
collapsed, the top view appears above the front view.
In contrast, in first-angle projection, the object
resides in the first angle of space. So, the projection
planes are on the opposite sides of the object as the
viewer. In other words, the object is between the
viewer and the projection planes. See Figure 5-17. The
individual views are the same as those obtained in
third-angle projection, but their arrangement on the
drawing is different. In essence, the top view ends up
below the front view and a right side view is on the left
side of the front view.
In summary, the individual views are the same for
both angles of projection. The only difference between
the two types is the arrangement of views on the
drawing. The ASME and ISO standard symbols to
indicate first-angle and third-angle projection are
shown in Figure 5-18. One of the two versions of the
symbol should be included in the title block for
drawings that are read within the international
community.

Fro

tal

ri

zon

tal

First-Angle Projection

Viewer
Third-Angle Projection

H o ri
zon tal

Fron
tal

Front view

First-Angle Projection
Figure 5-18.
The type of projection for a drawing is indicated by one of
these two symbols appearing in the title block.

Third-Angle Projection

Third-Angle Drawing

Figure 5-16.
In third-angle projection, the projection plane is considered to be between the viewer and the object and the views are
projected toward the viewer onto the plane.

First-Angle Drawing

Figure 5-17.
In first-angle projection, the projection plane is on the opposite side of the object as the viewer and the views are
projected onto the plane on the far side of the object.

Top view

iewer

Top view

Viewe r

83

84 Print Reading for Industry

Review Questions
Circle the answer of choice, fill in the blank, or write a short answer.
1.

Multiview drawings are created using the principles of ______________________________________ projection.

2. Any view of an object can scientifically be explained as the projection on a objects features on to a(n)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
3.

True or False? In orthographic projection, the projectors are parallel with each other.

4.

True or False? While multiview drawings are often arranged in a certain manner, it does not matter how
they are arranged on the paper as long as they are correctly labeled.

There are _____ normal ways to view an object.

A. two
B. four
C. six
D. eight
6. List the three predominate terms used to define the three dimensions of an object: ____________________

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

Review Activity 5-1

Normal Surfaces
Study each pictorial (3D) drawing and the
identification letters placed on, or pointing to, the
normal surfaces. Match the ID letter to the
corresponding number for each of the multiview
(orthographic) callouts. Note: The letter I is not used.
J

A
G

5.

H
B

C
2

9
6

8
6

10

8
4
5
7

a(n) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
10. Flat surfaces are defined by how they are oriented to the three principal planes of projection. List the

14. Of the following, select the one statement that is not a meaning a line in a multiview drawing can have:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Edge view of a flat surface.

Maximum contour element of a curved surface.
Intersection edge where two surfaces meet, nothing more.
Tangency element between a curved surface and a flat surface.

15. In the United States, industrial prints use the ___________________________________________ -angle projection
system, whereas many other countries use _____________________________________________ -angle projection.

10
Whatchamacallit Bracket

Doohickey Block

three names given to flat surfaces: __________________________________________________________________________

of tangency.
13. True or False? Interior rounded corners are called rounds and exterior rounded corners are called fillets.

parallel, or inclined.
9. If a surface is perpendicular to a plane of projection, it projects on to that plane as

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

view and as a foreshortened shape in ______________________________________________________________ views.

12. True or False? When a flat surface transitions into a cylindrical surface, a line is shown at the element

8. True or False? A flat surface is oriented to a plane of projection in one of three ways: perpendicular,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. An inclined surface will appear as a(n) _____________________________________________________________ in one

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. List the names given to the three principal planes of projection: _________________________________________

85

Note: In the pictorial view, arrows pointing directly to a line are referencing a surface that is not visible, rather
around the back of the object.

Doohicky Block
_________ 1

_________ 6

Whatchamacallit Bracket
_________ 1
_________ 6

_________ 2

_________ 7

_________ 2

_________ 7

_________ 3

_________ 8

_________ 3

_________ 8

_________ 4

_________ 9

_________ 4

_________ 9

_________ 5

_________ 10

_________ 5

_________ 10

86 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

Review Activity 5-2

Review Activity 5-3

Normal and Inclined Surfaces

Study each pictorial (3D) drawing and the
identification letters placed on, or pointing to, the
normal or inclined surfaces. Match the ID letter to the
corresponding number for each of the multiview
(orthographic) callouts. Note: The letter I is not used.

Sketching Missing Lines

Sketch the missing line(s) in the following
multiview drawings. The final drawing should
present a clear view of the object and all views must
agree. Include all visible lines, hidden lines, and
center lines.

A
F

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

G
A

1.

B
C

D
J

G
E

H
1

1
2

2
5

3
5

8
7

10

Thingamabob Wedge

8
Gadget Corner Block

Note: In the pictorial view, arrows pointing directly to a line are referencing a surface that is not visible, rather
around the back of the object.

Thingamabob Wedge
_________ 1
_________ 6

Gadget Corner Block

_________ 1
_________ 6

_________ 2

_________ 7

_________ 2

_________ 7

_________ 3

_________ 8

_________ 3

_________ 8

_________ 4

_________ 9

_________ 4

_________ 9

_________ 5

_________ 10

_________ 5

_________ 10

10

87

88 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

Review Activity 5-4

Review Activity 5-5

True Size and Shape Identification

Analyze each of the multiview drawings. Place a
T for true size and shape or an F for foreshortened size
and shape in the blanks below each multiview.
Remember, normal surfaces appear true size and shape
in only one view. Inclined surfaces appear
foreshortened in shape and size in two views. The first
problem is done for you as an example.
1.

Projection Plane Orientation and

Surface Type Identification
For each of the four pictorial drawings, imagine
a frontal projection plane in front of the object, a
horizontal plane of projection above the object, and
a profile projection plane to the right, as described
in this unit. In the charts below, fill in the number of
surfaces oriented to each of the three projection
planes as indicated for each
2.

BCD

1.

2.

column (parallel, perpendicular, or inclined). Include

all surfaces, even the bottom, back, and left-side
surfaces. The first object has been done for you as an
example. Also, enter the number of each type of
surface in the second chart. Note: The total for each
row of the first chart should be the same and it should
also match the total of the second chart, as shown in
the first problem.
4.

3.

3.

4.

Front

Front

Front

Perpendicular to

Normal

1.

Inclined to

Normal

2.

Frontal

Frontal

Horizontal

Inclined

Horizontal

Profile

Oblique

Profile

Total

C
B

Front
Parallel to

Total

Inclined
Oblique
Total

Total

E
A

Normal

3.

EF

Frontal

Normal

4.
Frontal

H
A

Horizontal

Inclined

Horizontal

Profile

Oblique

Profile

Total

Total

Inclined
Oblique
Total

Total

89

90 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

Review Activity 5-6

Piston
Study the print and answer the questions.
1. Which view is represented by:
A.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10A

2. How many visible lines are in view:

A.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How many hidden lines are in view:

A.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

X
A
2.72
.38

4. What are the three overall dimensions of the object:

Height

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Width

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Depth

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

.14

1.31
.14

.36

40

40

5. How many normal surfaces does this object have? ________________________________________________________

1.50

6. How many inclined surfaces does this object have? _______________________________________________________

7. How is the depth of surface X determined? ________________________________________________________________

1.25

8. How wide is surface X? ______________________________________________________________________________________

C
10B

9. How wide is surface Z? ______________________________________________________________________________________

10. Given three choices (edge view, intersection, contour):
A. What does line 10A mean? _____________________________________________________________________________
B. What does line 10B mean? _____________________________________________________________________________

.73

1.10

91

92 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings 93

Industry Print Exercise 5-1

Refer to the print PR 5-1 and answer the questions below.
1. This drawing has the three regular views. What are they? ________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What term is applied to the dimension value of 2 1/8? __________________________________________________
3. The circular feature in the right side view is ____________________________________________ in the front view.
4. What is the height of this part? _____________________________________________________________________________
5. The top view shows the true size and shape of a surface that encompasses four holes. What type of surface is it?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the total width of this part? ________________________________________________________________________

7. Which letter of the alphabet, M, H, or L, best describes the general shape of the normal surface facing the frontal
plane? _____________________________________________________________________________________
8. How many hidden lines are there in the right side view? ________________________________________________
9. How does the bottom, flat surface of the object appear in the top view: true size and shape, foreshortened shape, or
edge view? ________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. In the top view, the right-most vertical line has what meaning: edge view of a surface, intersection of two surfaces
only, or maximum contour of a curved surface? ____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Review questions based on previous units:

11. What is the name of this part? ______________________________________________________________________________
12. What is the drawing number or part number? ____________________________________________________________
13. In what state is this company located? _____________________________________________________________________
14. What is the five-digit material code specified for this part? ______________________________________________
15. What is the last name of the person who drew this drawing? ____________________________________________

PR 5-1.
Print provided by Sunnen Products Company.

94 Print Reading for Industry

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

Industry Print Exercise 5-2

Refer to the print PR 5-2 and answer the questions below.
1. Not counting the removed view and pictorial views, how many regular views does this
object have? __________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How many of the regular views feature height? ___________________________________________________________

3. If the view that is closest to the center of the sheet is the front view, what is the name of the view directly below it?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The flat surface that shows true size and shape in the top view is parallel to the _______________________
plane of projection.
5. In which view is the viewing-plane line shown for the removed view? _________________________________
6. What two dimensions (names) are featured in the left side view? _______________________________________
7. Does this object appear to have any inclined surfaces? ___________________________________________________
8. Which dimension is greater, width or depth? ______________________________________________________________
9. What is the name of the removed view? ___________________________________________________________________
10. Are hidden lines shown in the top view? __________________________________________________________________

Review questions based on previous units:

11. Which view features cutting-plane lines? __________________________________________________________________
12. What is the drawing number or part number? ____________________________________________________________
13. How many views feature section lines? ____________________________________________________________________

14. What is the most recent date associated with this drawing? ______________________________________________
15. The annotation on the left side view features a couple of ___________________________________________ lines.

PR 5-2.
Print provided by Ar-Be Graphics.

95

96 Print Reading for Industry

Bonus Print Reading Exercises

Unit 5 Multiview Drawings

97

Print AP-015:
10. Is the left side view on this print a complete view or a partial view? ____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

The following questions are based on various

bonus prints located in the folder at the back of this
textbook. Refer to the print indicated, evaluate the
print, and answer the question.
Print AP-001:
1. On the left side view of this print, there is a horizontal, straight-line segment that does not connect to other lines. In
basic terms, explain why. _________________________________________________________________

Print AP-016:
11. Are the views of this assembly drawing arranged orthographically in proper third angle projection?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-021:
12. What is the most likely reason the upper-right view features short break lines? ________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-004:
2. If the view labeled Section B-B is a right side view, what name would be applied to the other four main views?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-005:
3. This print features what appears to be a side view (Section G-G) that does not have an accompanying front
view. Briefly explain where the front view is located. _____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The view labeled Section J-J is a partial view, as indicated by the short break line. Does it appear to be an orthographic view?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-006:
5. The two views near the bottom of the print are called detail views. Which one of the views above (left side,
front, or right side) shows the same geometry, but at the normal 1:1 scale? __________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. In general terms, what name is applied to the two groove views near the bottom of the print?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-007:
7. Carefully examine the drawing. With respect to the enlarged Detail C, how many times larger is it than the other
multiview views? ____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-009:
8. For this drawing, are there other views besides View E-E and View F-F? If so, where are they?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-012:
9. What name is given on this print to the view that is not in multiview orientation or arrangement?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-022:
13. One view features the depth measurements .300, .250, and .040. How many other main views (not including
detail views) on this print feature the depth direction? ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-024:
14. If the lower view is considered to be a front view, what label would apply to the view located on the upper-right side
of the print? _______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print AP-025:
15. Is the view labeled FORMED VIEW a normal view defined by multiview practice? _____________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

98 Print Reading for Industry

CAD software typically has a tool that allows a section view to be quickly created from a solid model.