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    Career Development and Counseling Havighurst

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    anaendam
    Developmental Tasks Theory, proposed by Robert J. Havighurst, suggests that there are certain developmental tasks that arise during each life stage from infancy to late adulthood due to physical, personal, and social pressures. These tasks must be successfully achieved by the individual in order to progress normally to the next life stage and be happy, responsible adults. If the tasks are not completed during the appropriate life period, later developmental tasks will be more difficult and success less likely. The theory views individuals as active learners who develop through continuous interaction with their changing social environment over the lifespan.

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    Career Development and Counseling Havighurst

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    anaendam
    582 views3 pages
    Developmental Tasks Theory, proposed by Robert J. Havighurst, suggests that there are certain developmental tasks that arise during each life stage from infancy to late adulthood due to physical, personal, and social pressures. These tasks must be successfully achieved by the individual in order to progress normally to the next life stage and be happy, responsible adults. If the tasks are not completed during the appropriate life period, later developmental tasks will be more difficult and success less likely. The theory views individuals as active learners who develop through continuous interaction with their changing social environment over the lifespan.

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    Developmental task theory

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    Developmental Tasks Theory, proposed by Robert J. Havighurst, suggests that there are certain developmental tasks that arise during each life stage from infancy to late adulthood due to physical, personal, and social pressures. These tasks must be successfully achieved by the individual in order to progress normally to the next life stage and be happy, responsible adults. If the tasks are not completed during the appropriate life period, later developmental tasks will be more difficult and success less likely. The theory views individuals as active learners who develop through continuous interaction with their changing social environment over the lifespan.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    582 views3 pages

    Career Development and Counseling Havighurst

    Uploaded by

    anaendam
    Developmental Tasks Theory, proposed by Robert J. Havighurst, suggests that there are certain developmental tasks that arise during each life stage from infancy to late adulthood due to physical, personal, and social pressures. These tasks must be successfully achieved by the individual in order to progress normally to the next life stage and be happy, responsible adults. If the tasks are not completed during the appropriate life period, later developmental tasks will be more difficult and success less likely. The theory views individuals as active learners who develop through continuous interaction with their changing social environment over the lifespan.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways from the passage are that Robert J. Havighurst proposed a developmental tasks theory which outlines tasks that need to be completed at different life stages in order to develop successfully. Successfully completing these tasks leads to happiness and ease in later stages, while failure can result in issues in future development.

    According to Havighurst, developmental tasks are things that need to be learned or achieved during a certain period in life, such as learning to walk as an infant, getting a job as a young adult, retiring from work in later life. They can arise from physical maturation, personal growth, or societal pressures/expectations.

    The passage states that successfully completing a developmental task results in pride, satisfaction and approval from society, providing a strong foundation for future development. In contrast, failing to achieve a task leads to unhappiness, disapproval and difficulties when faced with later tasks.

    Theory

    Theorist
    Concepts
    Developmental Tasks Theory

    theory of freedom
    theory of constraint
    developmental task

    Tasks that arise from


    physical maturation
    Tasks that from personal
    sources
    Tasks that have their source
    in the pressures of society
    infancy and early childhood
    (0-5 years)

    middle childhood (6-12


    years)

    adolescence (12-18 years)

    Developmental Tasks Theory


    Robert J. Havighurst
    Definition
    learning is basic and that it continues throughout life span
    It assumes an active learner interacting with an active social
    environment
    that the child will develop best if left as free as possible
    hat the child must learn to become a worthy, responsible adult
    through restraints imposed by his society
    one that arises at a certain period in our lives, the successful
    achievement of which leads to happiness and success with later
    tasks; while leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and
    difficulty with later tasks.
    learning to walk, talk, and behave acceptably with the opposite
    sex during adolescence; adjusting to menopause during middle
    age
    For example, those that emerge from the maturing personality
    and take the form of personal values and aspirations, such as
    learning the necessary skills for job success
    For example, learning to read or learning the role of a
    responsible citizen.
    Learning to walk.
    Learning to crawl.
    Learning to take slid food.
    Learning to talk.
    Learning to control the elimination of body wastes.
    Learning sex differences and sexual modesty.
    Getting ready to read.
    Forming concepts and learning language to describe social and
    physical reality.
    Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games.
    Learning to get along with age mates.
    Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself as a growing
    organism.
    Learning on appropriate masculine or feminine social role.
    Developing concepts necessary for everyday living.
    Developing concepts necessary for everyday living.
    Developing conscience, morality and a scale of values.
    Achieving personal independence. Developing attitudes toward
    social groups and institutions.
    Achieving new and more mature relations with age mates of
    both sexes.
    Achieving a masculine or feminine social role.
    Accepting ones physique and using the body effectively.
    Achieving emotional independence of parents and other adults.

    early adulthood (18-30


    years)

    middle adulthood (30-60


    years)

    later maturity (60+).

    Completing the Tasks

    Preparing for marriage and family life.


    Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to
    behavior.
    Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior.
    Selecting a mate.
    Learning to live with a partner.
    Starting family.
    Rearing children.
    Managing home.
    Getting started in occupation.
    Taking on civic responsibility.
    Finding a congenial social group.
    Assisting teenage children to become responsible and happy
    adults.
    Achieving adult social and civic responsibility.
    Reaching and maintaining satisfactory performance in ones
    occupational career.
    Developing adult leisure time activities.
    Relating oneself to ones spouse as a person.
    To accept and adjust to the physiological changes of middle
    age.
    Adjusting to aging parents
    Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and health.
    Adjusting to retirement and reduced income.
    Adjusting to death of a spouse.
    Establishing an explicit affiliation with ones age group.
    Adopting and adapting social roles in a flexible way.
    Establishing satisfactory physical living arrangements.
    Havighurst categorised the tasks, in first category are the tasks,
    which has to be completed in certain period, and the second are
    the tasks that continue for a long, sometimes for a lifetime.
    So what happens if the task is not completed in that stage or
    completed in a later date. Havighurst reply to that it is critical
    that the tasks should be completed during the appropriate stage,
    otherwise result will be the failure to achieve success in future
    tasks.

    Essence
    If the person successfully accomplishes and masters the developmental task, he feels pride and
    satisfaction, and consequently earns his community or societys approval. This success
    provides a sound foundation which allows the individual to accomplish tasks to be encountered
    at later stages. Conversely, if the individual is not successful at accomplishing a task, he is
    unhappy and is not accorded the desired approval by society, resulting in the subsequent
    experience of difficulty when faced with succeeding developmental tasks. This theory presents
    the individual as an active learner who continually interacts with a similarly active social

    environment.

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