Mechanism of Metal Doping Effect On Lubricity of DLC Films
Mechanism of Metal Doping Effect On Lubricity of DLC Films
Mechanism of Metal Doping Effect On Lubricity of DLC Films
45
DLC films show the excellent tribological properties under th e lubrication with humid air or water. However,
lubricity of industrial oils for DLC films is not so good compared with conventional tribo-materials. It is
considered that the lubricant additives do not act on the DLC surface, because of chemical stabilities of carbon.
Recently, metal elements doped DLC films were developed in order to improve the adhesion property and the
lubricity. In this paper, lubrication mechanism of Ti doped DLC films were discussed with the results of friction
test and surface analysis. The sliding surfaces were analyzed by using the TOF-SIMS.
1. INTRODUCTION
Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coatings exhibit
excellent properties required for a protective coating
material: chemical inertness, low coefficient of
friction and wear resistance. Therefore, DLC is
expected for application of sliding parts in engine.
DLC films show the excellent tribological
properties under the lubrication with humid air or
water. However, lubricity of industrial oils for DLC
films is not so good compared with conventional
tribo-materials. It is considered that the lubricant
additives do not act on the DLC surface, because of
chemical stabilities of carbon. Recently, metal doped
DLC films were developed in order to improve the
adhesion property and interaction of lubricant
additives [1-3].
On the other hand, owing to the excellent
antiwear,
anti-oxidation
and
anti-corrosion
properties, zinc dialkylthiophosphates (ZnDDP) and
molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) have
been used as lubricant additives. So far, many
studies on the frictional characteristics of these
additives have been reported to the mechanism of
reduction in friction [4-9]. Martin et al was reported
that anti-wear mechanism of ZnDTP have been
explained Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB)
principle [7]. Muraki et al indicated that preferential
2. EXPERIMENTAL
2.1. Materials
Two types of DLC samples were used in this
study. One is a deposited by CVD on stainless steel
plate (DLC). Another is a Ti doped DLC deposited
by PVD on stainless steel plate (Ti-DLC). The
hardness of both DLC was 20 GPa.
46
-~
~
0.5
0
0.5
1.0
O-
0.5
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
S-
P~)2
PO3-1
DLC
Pi3-
Ti-DLC
SO 4-
H
C2HCH-
1.5
.,.i
Component in
wear ~
S-
po 2PO1
Component in
original surface
CH-
H20
40
60
Mass, amu
80
100
47
1.2x10-~.
1.4x10 4
1.2x10 4
P-
1.0xl0 s
1.0xl0 4.
t~
"~
8.0xl 0 4
8.0X103"
>2
9~ 6.0X103,
6.0xl 04
wear track
4.0x103.
~f
2.0X103.
~I~ 4.0xl 0 4
~_.____~ Ti-DLCoriginal
DLC wear track
31'.0
Mass, amu
"
Ti-DLC original
2.0x104'
DLC original
0.0.
30.9
k ..._ Ti-DLCweartrack
0.0 i
31.8
31'.1
S~,~231'.9
32.0
"
Mass, amu
32.1
32.2
3.1. T r i b o l o g i c a l test
Fig. 2 gives the friction coefficient of the steel
b a l l / D L C plate pair lubricated with P A O oil
containing the Z n D T P and M o D T C . T h e s e values
are friction coefficient at steady state. It can be seen
that the friction coefficient of D L C was did not
c h a n g e d each lubricant. Therefore, these lubricant
additives d o n ' t affect friction coefficient of D L C . In
case of T i - D L C lubricated with P A O and P A O +
Z n D T P , the coefficient of friction was same value to
D L C . On the other hand, the friction coefficient of
4.5x104
Zn +.
Mo +
4.0x10 a
3.5x10 ~
= 3.0xl 04
O
2.5xl fit
.-_ 2.0xl fft~
~ 4.0xl 03
Ti-DLC
wear track
_
1 5x10
-- 1.0xl0-t~
Ti-DLC original
DLC wear track
DLC original
./"x.__
5.0x10 ~
0-0 i
63.8
63.9
"~
~~~'kf7nl
4+
2.0xlO 3
Ti-DLC original
~-DLC wear track
0.0
DLC original
--'=
97.6
9"].8
98.0
"
Mass, amu
98.2
98.4
48
49
DLC. Therefore, the Mo intensity of Zn rich region
was decreased by ZnDTP.
The intensity ratio of Ti was more than 1.0 as
shown in Fig. 7. This result means that the chemical
state of Titanium was changed by sliding experiment.
Additionally, sulfur containing species (TiS+~ ZnS
MoS are detected in the Ti-rich region. These
results suggested that formation to titanium sulfide
by the reaction of titanium. Since TiS was detected
on outside of wear track, this reaction is possibly
thermal reaction.
4. SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
REFERENCES