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American International University-Bangladesh: Faculty of Engineering (EEE)

The document describes experiments to construct and test diode logic (DL) gates, including OR, AND, and cascaded AND-OR gates. Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, enabling their use to implement basic logic functions. Truth tables are used to record the expected and observed output voltages for different input combinations to the DL gates. While the individual gates function as expected, cascading them produces unreliable results due to voltage drops across the diodes, demonstrating limitations of DL gates for complex logic.

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S M Akash
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38 views5 pages

American International University-Bangladesh: Faculty of Engineering (EEE)

The document describes experiments to construct and test diode logic (DL) gates, including OR, AND, and cascaded AND-OR gates. Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, enabling their use to implement basic logic functions. Truth tables are used to record the expected and observed output voltages for different input combinations to the DL gates. While the individual gates function as expected, cascading them produces unreliable results due to voltage drops across the diodes, demonstrating limitations of DL gates for complex logic.

Uploaded by

S M Akash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 1

American International University- Bangladesh


Faculty of Engineering (EEE)
Digital Electronics Laboratory

Title: Construction of Diode Logic Gates


Introduction:
A diode is a two-terminal electrical device that allows current to flow in one direction but not the other. It
is like a pipe with an internal valve that allows water to flow freely in one direction but shuts down if the
water tries to flow backward. The diode's two terminals are called the anode and cathode. In the diode
symbol, the arrow points from the anode (flat part of triangle) toward the cathode (point of the triangle).

The device operates by allowing current to flow from anode to cathode, basically in the direction of the
triangle. Recall that current is defined to flow from the more positive voltage toward the more negative
voltage (electrons flow in the opposite direction). If the diode's anode is at a higher voltage than the
cathode, the diode is said to be forward biased, its resistance is very low, and current flows. If the anode is
at a lower voltage than the cathode, the diode is reverse-biased, its resistance is very high, and no current
flows. The diode is not a perfect conductor, so there is a small voltage drop, approximately 0.7 V, across
it.
In this group of experiments we will implement some logic functions using the DL circuits and discover
the potential benefits and problems of using the DL logic.

Theory and Methodology:


Diode Logic OR Gate:
A Diode Logic OR gate consists of nothing more than diodes (one for each input signal) and a resistor.
Here, the 10K resistor (R) is added to provide a ground reference for the output signal. If there are no
input signals connected to the diodes, the output will be ground, or logic 0. Thus, an open input is
equivalent to a logic 0 input, and will have no effect on the operation of the rest of the circuit.
It is possible to add any number of input diodes to this circuit, each with its separate input signal.
However, two inputs are quite sufficient to demonstrate the operation of the circuit.

Fig.1 DL-OR Gate


Assuming the diodes are ideal, the voltage truth table as given in Table 1(a) is obtained. The
corresponding logic truth table is given in Table 1(b):

Table 1
Diode Logic AND Gate:
A Diode Logic AND gate consists of diodes (one for each input signal) and a resistor. As with the DL OR
gate, the 10K resistor (R) provides a reference connection. Unlike the OR gate, however, this is a
reference to +5 volts, rather than to ground. If there are no input signals connected to the diodes, the
output will be +5 volts, or logic 1. Thus, an open input will not affect the rest of the circuit, which will
continue to operate normally.
As with DL-OR gates, it is possible to add any number of input diodes to this circuit, each with its
separate input signal. However, two inputs are quite sufficient to demonstrate the operation of the circuit.

Fig.2 DL-AND Gate


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Assuming the diodes are ideal, the voltage truth table of the above AND gate is as given in Table 2(a).
The corresponding logic truth table is in Table 2(b).

Table 2
Two-Input DL AND OR Gate:
After looking at both the Diode Logic (DL) OR gate and AND gate and evaluating whether their
operations were within acceptable parameters, the AND and OR gates will be cascaded. The OR gate will
be used to combine the outputs of two AND gates and how well this combination works will be observed.

Apparatus:
(1) 10K ohm resistor (brown-black-orange).
(2) 1N914 diodes or equivalent.
(3) Connecting wires.
(4)Trainer Board

Diode polarity:

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Pre-Lab Homework:
1. Explain how a p-n junction or diode works? When does it conduct?
2. What is a wired logic?
3. Explain the operation of depletion region for different biasing conditions.

Precautions:
Have your instructor check all your connections after you are done setting up the circuit and make sure
that you apply only enough voltage (within VDD) to turn on the transistors and/or chip, otherwise it may
get damaged.

Experimental Procedure:
1. Construct the DL-OR gate on your breadboard as shown in Fig. 4. Then draw a Truth Table
similar to the one provided in the Theory and Methodology section and fill in your
experimental results.

Fig.4 DL-OR Gate Construction

2. Construct the DL-AND gate on your breadboard as shown in Fig. 5. Then draw a Truth Table
similar to the one provided in the Theory and Methodology section and fill in your
experimental results.

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Fig.5 DL-AND Gate Construction


3. Construct the DL-OR gate on your breadboard as shown in Fig. 5. Before beginning the
experiment, calculate your expected results for all the different input combinations and put them
in a Truth Table similar to the one provided in the Theory and Methodology section. Then
draw a second Truth Table and fill it with your experimental output values.

Fig.5 DL-AND-OR Gate Construction

Results and Discussion:

For, each of the above set-ups, describe in words what the data means. Did your results match
the expected ideal outputs? If not, explain why?
Why are diode logic gates not suitable for cascading operation?

Reference(s):
1. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 9th Edition, 2006, Prentice Hall.

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