Location Based Services

Mobile
Communications
Presentation

 Cristina Estorninho
[http://www.goimiles.com/blog]
 João Neto

June, 2010
Location Based Services

 Synopsis
 Introduction

What is Location Based Services1
 Application Scenarios
 Classification of LBS applications and services
 LBS Communication Model

Geographic Information System2
 Location Techniques

Global Position System3
 Networked Based Positioning
 Future developments
1 - Location Based Services is also referenced as LBS
2 - Geographic Information System is also referenced as GIS
3 - Global Position System is also referenced as GPS
Introduction

 Recent Technologies:

 Mobile users can

query their
environment

 Applications can
monitor and track
remote objects
Introduction

 With dwindling mobile

services revenues of
the mobile operators,
location based
services are seen as
new growth area.

Typical LBS devices: Nokia mobile phone with

Route66 routing software and Hewlett Packard
PDA with the WebPark Information System
(courtesy of Swiss National Park)

[http://www.e-cartouche.ch]
What is LBS?
 Concept that denotes applications integrating
geographic location (i.e., spatial coordinates)
with the general notion of services.

[http://www.tariffman.co.uk]
What is LBS?
 Timeline:

[Source: Sumi Helal, University of Florida]

What is LBS?

 Components of LBS:

[http://www.telecomcircle.com]
What is LBS?

 Horizontal Market  Vertical Market

 Mobile location information is and has  Mobile location information is a new
always been an integral part of the and added value to existing services.
business.

 Airports
 Asset Tracking
 Taxi Companies
 Child Tracking
 Police
 Automated tool
 Emergency  Tourist security
 High-value goods delivery
Application scenarios

 Military and government

industries:
 GPS Navigation
 Target tracking
 Reconnaissance and Map Creation

 Emergency services:
 Emergency telephone numbers

 Commercial sector:
 Advertising
 Fleet management
[http://www.blackberry.com]
 Social networking
Classification of LBS applications

 Person-oriented:

 User-based services
 Usually controlled by the user

[http://www.navizon.com]

Buddy Finder application

Classification of LBS applications

 Device-oriented:

 Applications external to the user

 Usually not controlled by the user

[http://www.trailmycar.webege.com]

Trailmycar application
Classification of LBS services

 Push-Services:

user receives information

as a result of his or her
whereabouts without
having to actively
request it.

[http://gadgetophilia.com]

[http://www.blackberry.com]
Classification of LBS services

 Pull-Services:

user actively uses an

application and, in this
context, ‘‘pulls’’
information from the
network.
LBS Communication Model

 Positioning Layer:
 Responsible for calculating the
position of a mobile device or user.

 Middleware Layer:
 Reduces the complexity of service
integration services added in the
future
 Establishes one single connection
to the network
 Mitigates and controls all locat

 Application Layer:
 Comprises all services that request
location data to integrate into their
offering
Spatial databases

 Spatial Database
Systems:

 Database containing sets of

objects and not images or
pictures of a space.

 Provides a base technology for

GIS and other applications

[http://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th]
Geographic Information Systems

 GIS – Geographic
Information Systems:
 Hardware: data collection and data
analysis.

 Software: creating, editing and

analyzing spatial and attribute
data.

 Data: information as the coordinate

system, when the data was
created, when it was last updated,
etc. [http://latlabrafael.wordpress.com]

 Trained personnel: people

knowledgeable in spatial analysis
and skilled in using GIS software.
Location Categories

 Location categories:

 Tracking: locate an object by

request.

[http://www.erpsoftwarebusiness.com]

 Positioning: system of
transmitters or beacons that
sends out radio, infrared, or
ultrasound signals for others to
receive and obtain their
position.

[http://bb.ustc.edu.cn]
Location Techniques

 Location Techniques:

Cell of Origin (COO) Time of Arrival (TOA) Angle of Arrival (AOA)

Measure of signal strength Processing video data

Location Techniques
 Location Techniques:

Triangulation Trillateration Trasversing

GPS – Global Positioning System

 Satellite Navigation:

 Advantages:
 Positioning all around the globe
 Environmental conditions
independent
 Highly precise position aquisition

 Disadvantages:
 High costs with launch and
maintenance of satellites.
[http://www.nokia.com]
 Indoor positioning not possible
GPS – Global Positioning System

 Principles of Satellite
Navigation:

 Exact position and distance to

the satellites are needed

 A minimum of three satellites

are needed for triangulation

 A list of working satellites is

downloaded to the devices
GPS – Global Positioning System

 GPS segments:

 User segment

 Space segment

 Control segment
GPS – Global Positioning System

 GPS distorting effects:

[http://www.kowoma.de]
Clock errors Orbit fluctuations
GPS – Global Positioning System

 GPS distorting effects:

[http://westone.wa.gov.au] [http://www.gta.ufrj.br]

Atmosphere errors Multipath errors

Network Based Positioning

 GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications:

 Highly available around the world

 Covers a large geographic area

 Large number of mobile users

[http://www.forumtelemoveis.com]
Network Based Positioning

 MPS – Mobile
Positioning System:

 Precise positioning among large

cells

 Cooperates with standard GSM

systems

 Minimal modifications for [http://www.ericsson.com]

installation at the communication
infrastructure
Network Based Positioning

 MPS position determination techniques:

Cell of Global Identity (CGI) Segment antennas Timing advance (TA)

Uplink Time of Arrival (UL-TOA)

Network Based Positioning

 UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications

Technology

 Increased the use of data services

 ”Always-on” connection delivers flexibility

 Higher data transfer rates will benefit LBS

[http://www.ukrtelecom.ua]
LBS Future developments

 Major challenges:
 Technological barriers (standardization)

 Privacy and security issues

 Quality of Service (QoS) problems

 Access to location information

 Advanced LBS middleware development for rapid creation of

applications
Q&A

Thank You!

Q&A