IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology

eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

INTELLIGENT CLASSROOM AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING PIC

MICROCONTROLLER
Mrityunjaya Patted1, Swarada Muley2, Debamitra Panda3
1,2,3

Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, JSPMS BSIOTR, Maharashtra, India

Abstract
Presently, one of the dominating problems that of we tumble is that service wastage. In our homes, schools, colleges and
industries, we see that fans and lights are regularly kept ON at some future time if nothing in the dine or aspect or passage. To
dodge one a status we have designed this complimentary Classroom Automation. In our complimentary, along by all of
appliances concern (i.e. fans and lights) we have integrated Attendance Monitoring and Message Transmission. Modern
generation class rooms are equipped by the whole of electronic devices that have more abetting software to recuperate and
promote teaching methods. However, it is regularly seen that compatible class presage is stewed on seizure attendance, or the
class commit face interruption guerdon to depart entries of students and disturbances such as the manual clear of groupie and
light. Therefore, to recuperate these problems a both feet on the ground program is created in this thesis handout that will have
no temporal intervention from teachers, students or floor attendance. Hence, the position will hasten the smooth night and day of
the outstanding classes at our organization, and lessen presage loss. Thus in quickly the main desire of our free ride is to save
electricity, time and maintain in functioning of classroom system smoothly.

Keywords: Automation, Robotization, Load Control, Automatic Attendance, Message Transmission

--------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
As of late the vitality emergency has ended up one issue
which the entirety world must trust. Home force utilization
makes up the biggest piece of vitality utilization on the
planet. Specifically, the force utilization of lights in a run of
the mill home is an element which can't be disregarded. The
ordinary client needs distinctive light intensities in better
places. At times the light force from outside is adequate,
furthermore, in this manner we don't have to turn ON any
light. Be that as it may, here and there the client leaves and
neglects to turn off the light. These elements cause vitality
waste. In this way a few power administration of light
control in a home, classrooms, workplaces and commercial
ventures is fundamental keeping in mind the end goal to
spare vitality[1]. Now days savvy robotization has ventured
its nearness in each field all over the world. Our task is a
stage towards participation and force administration of the
classrooms in the schools or establishments. The utilization
of minimal effort advances for exceedingly dependable
applications with the assistance of recently advanced
calculation makes the mechanization procedure to achieve
the buyers at less expensive and solid expense. Subsequently
in our task the unique mark acknowledgment framework is
utilized to take the participation, power administration and
remote message transmission. The classroom crew shows
the situation of classroom also the oodles are controlled a
well known that they ought not be repaid on in a free
classroom. With upheaval of alteration, technology
apparatus are becoming simpler and easier for us.
Automation is reach of control systems and information
technologies to lessen the desire for human work in the
production of goods and services. In the term of
industrialization, automation is the control beyond
mechanization. Whereas mechanization has provided human
operators mutually machinery to set up them with the hearty
requirements of function, automation greatly decreases the

man power sensory and lunatic the requirements as well.

Automation plays an increasingly pertinent role in the
presence economy and in daily experience. Automatic
systems are considering preferred during manual system.
Through this trade we have initiated to exhibit automatic
control of a room as a product of which electricity is
decreased to sprinkling extent.

2. REQUIREMENT OF AUTOMATION
Prior, we looked towards the future when we mentioned
about automation/robotization, which could do anything on
affectation of the controller, yet today it has transformed
into a real.
Automation can supplant great measure of human working
power, in addition people are more inclined to mistakes and
in serious conditions the likelihood of blunder increments
though, automation can work with persistence,
flexibility[3].Some of the important reasons are discussed
below
a) Carrying functions that are beyond human abilities of
size, weight, speed, continuance, & so forth and with
exceptionally immaterial blunder.
b) Supplanting people in undertakings done in risky
situations (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, atomic offices,
submerged, and so forth)
c) Supplanting human administrators in undertakings that
include hard physical or dull work.
d) Economic growth. Robotization may improve in
economy of endeavors, society or a vast part of
humankind. For representation, when an endeavor that
has placed assets into robotization, development recoups
its venture, or when a state or country extends its salary
because of computerization like China,Japan or
Germany in the twentieth Century.

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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology

This project is concentrating on implementation of hardware

control system for various electrical and electronics devices.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Automation involves mainly controlling and Software
technology to minimize the requirement for individual
ability in the generation of products and administrations.
robotization significantly diminishes the necessity for
human tangible and mental prerequisites also.
Mechanization assumes an inexorably suited part in the
survival economy and in by the day experience.
This Project can be design by using PLC anyhow the
obstruction related to PLC is higher cost. Another problem
is that, we can manage PLC only if the human who is
handling, must be PLC literature. So to sidestep this; we are
implementing Classroom Automation using microcontroller.
An ideal classroom is an environment in which teachers are
able to focus solely on their lectures and the students are
able to home in on the information they are being given.
Unfortunately, this does not reach in our country. During
class hours, time is usually wasted in multiple ways such as
manually keeping record students attendance one after
another. Other disruptions besides occur throughout class
time such as temperature and light variation. These
problems cause hooked students to wander around the class
guessing for the right switch and adjusting it to equilibrate
the environment back to useful conditions. This causes
disturbances for both teachers and other students,
accordingly to wipe out these irritations an smart classroom
system is created that allows the classroom to commence
more efficient, and rescind any human assistance.

eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

4. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Figure 1 describes the block diagram of proposed system. It
mainly includes Microcontroller, Relays and Sensors.

4.1 Light Dependent Resistor

A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) or a photo resistor is a
gadget whose resistivity is an element of the occurrence
electromagnetic radiation. Consequently, they are light
delicate gadgets. They are likewise called as photo
conductors, photo conductive cells or just photocells. They
are comprised of semiconductor materials having high
resistance.
LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are extremely helpful
particularly in light/dim sensor circuits. Ordinarily the
resistance of a LDR is high, once in a while as high as
1000000 ohms, yet when they are lit up with light resistance
drops drastically. At the point when the light level is low the
resistance of the LDR is high. This keeps current from
streaming to the base of the transistors. Thus the LED does
not light. In any case, when light sparkles onto the LDR its
resistance falls and current streams into the base of the
primary transistor and after that the second transistor. The
LED shines. The preset resistor can be turned up or down to
increment or diminishing resistance; along these lines it can
make the circuit pretty much delicate. The figure 2
demonstrates the working hardware of LDR.

4.2 Lm35 (Temperature Sensor)

The LM35 is an IC senses the temperature where the output
voltage is always proportional to the temperature input in
o
C. The circuit of the LM35 sensor that is used to detect the
temperature is sealed. While temperature can be measured
using a thermistor, an LM35 is used instead because of its
ability to measure temperature with a greater degree of
accuracy.

Figure1. Proposed System Block Diagram

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Figure 4. Working of Relay

4.4 Pic Microcontroller

Figure 2. Working of LDR
It is a low self-heating device and does not exceed 0.1 C
temperature rise or fall when operating. The operating
temperature of the LM35 ranges from -55C to 150C. One
feature of the LM35 that must be noted is that its output
voltage changes by 10mV with every 0C rise and fall. Its
scale factor is given as 0.01V per 0C. For example, if the
temperature of the surrounding environment was 23 C, the
output voltage is expected to be 23mV, but due to this
variation from the LM35 the voltage detected could be
anywhere from 13mV to 33mV. Therefore the variation of
the output voltage must be noted when the system is being
set up. The figure 3 shown below is the LM35 used in the
project.

A family of microcontrollers also possesses peripheral

interface controllers universally called as PIC which is a
Microchip technology. PIC 16F877A microcontrollers have
alluring characteristics or features and they are reasonable
for an extensive variety of uses. PIC microcontrollers are
RISC processors and utilize Harvard architecture. It is a
recent technology and left the necessity to accelerate the
processor. The Harvard architecture makes utilization of
discrete coding and software technologies. PIC 16F877A
comes under the group of CMOS 8-bit Flash controllers.
Aside from the flash program memory it also consists of
EEPROM.

4.5 PIN Configuration of PIC 16F877A

As shown in the figure 5, PIC 16F877A is a 40-pin
controller. There are pins corresponding to five I/O ports,
namely, PORT A, PORT B, PORT C, PORT D and PORT
E. Analog inputs to AD converter are AN0 to AN7; and are
the alternate functions of PORT A and PORT E. Two pins
are for oscillator connections, namely, OSC1 and OSC2.
Supply and reference ground pins VDD and VSS,
respectively, are in duplicate. Further, functions associated
with the parallel slave port and serial communications are
the alternate functions of PORT C and PORT D. RB0/INT is
the external interrupt pin.

Figure 3. LM 35 Pin Details

Pin 1 is the VCC i.e. supply voltage which is 5V. Pin 2 is
the Output Voltage where the Voltage would be 6V, and Pin
3 is ground pin for the LM35.

4.3 Relay
Working of relay as appeared in figure 4, when the force is
supplied to relay, the current begin moving through the
control coil subsequently electromagnetic begins
empowering. Hear focuses A,B,C are utilized as controling
points. At the point when power supply is given because of
electromagnetic impact, B and C are associated accordingly
shuts the contacts bringing about a short circuit for supply to
the load. Already if relay was deenergized because of closed
contacts, then the movement of contact would be inverse
and make a circuit open. At the point when supply is made
off, point A and C are associated. The force is essentially
given by gravity and spring.

Figure 5. Pin Details of PIC 16F877A

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4.6 Programming In PIC 16F877A

The programming has been done by using hitech C
compiler. The program code is done in C and saved in a (.C)
file. The header file (pic1687x.h) and library file
(p16F87.lib) and linker file (16F87.lkr) are included. The
source file is a (.C) file and the workspace is stored as a
(.hex) file. The source code is built using pic-kit and the
source code is loaded in the PIC for generating signals to the
relays.

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are used for high frequency noise rejection. Capacitor C3

improves the load regulation.

4.7 Power Supply Circuit for PIC 16F877A

As shown in figure 6, LM7805 is a series regulator. C2, C4
are bypass capacitors C1, C3 are decoupling capacitors.
During the absence of DC supply C1 charges and balance
the input voltage needed for series regulator. The +5V
regulated DC power supply is derived from a regulator IC
7805 whose input voltage is unregulated DC supply of
around 12V DC applied to the input pin of the regulator IC
after filtering AC component through capacitors. The
regulator IC keeps the line and load regulation within 1% of
throughout voltage and once again the capacitors are used to
reduce the ac components on voltage. Capacitors C2 and C4

Figure 6. Power Supply Circuit for PIC 16F877A

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND WORKING

Figure.7 describes the circuit connection of whole model of
classroom automation system with three applications i.e. i)
automatic attendance ii) load control iii) Message
transmission.

Figure 7. Circuit Diagram of Proposed System

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Automatic attendance system: The first part of the system

is to automatically take attendance from thumb prints by
thumb detector. Here in this project we have initiated to
automate a classroom attendance procedure by using a
fingerprint recognition module. Fingerprint recognitionsystem can be utilized for both check and ID. In
confirmation, the framework verifies a given finger
impression to the "already provided" unique finger
impression of a particular client to appear in the event that
they are from the same finger (1:1 match). In recognizable
proof, the framework compares an information of individual
finger mark with the prints of all enlisted clients in the
database to display if the individual is prior known under a
copy or false personality (1:N match).

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6. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
The hardware arrangement of whole project with already
mentioned three applications is shown in the figure.8 which
includes control unit, supply unit, pc interface for message
transmission. Red and Green LEDs are used to indicate the
attendance entry and matching of fingerprint. If the finger
print of student is matched, LED glows to Green which
indicates the presence of student and data will be stored
accordingly in the computer connected to the
microcontroller with serial bus. Fan and Bulb are connected
with temperature sensors controlled by microcontroller. The
detailed working of the setup has been explained already in
the previous section.

7. RESULTS
Load control: The second objective is to automatically
control the fan and lights. The subject is to fabricate several
sensors overall the classroom and give a planned feedback
to the response these sensors receive. An example would be
having temperature sensors during the class room that would
examine the temperature and carry out to any change by
altering the fan speed. For light control, there will be
proximity sensors that would detect students presence and
allows the lights to run on if students are nearby.
Message Transmission: The third important part is to
convey the message on the LCD screen/Display located in
the classrooms. Any urgent messages related to students or
staff will be displayed immediately. The notice has been
transmitted through monitor of Head of the department or
authority.

The results are differentiated in three main applications as

shown in figure.9a, figure 9b and figure 9c respectively.
Automatic Attendance: When the finger print of the
student is matched LCD Displays the entry and finger id
will be stored.
Load Control: If the intensity of the light is below set point
then the bulb glows and if the room temperature is above
300C then fan starts running.
Message Transmission: The required message to be
displayed on LCD display located in class room will be
typed in VB.NET software and processed.

Figure 8. Hardware setup of Entire Project

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8. CONCLUSION

Figure 9a. Automatic Attendance using Thumb Detector

The hypothesis and idea of the intelligent classroom

automation model depends on the control framework. In
electrical outline, the functions and characteristics of the
electrical segments are needed to decide the model
prerequisite. The framework lessened numerous issues, for
example, bypassing the chances of malpractices in the
attendance entry record, helps to maintain the data of
students entry to the lectures very accurately or in a proper
manner, the encryption system includes more security so
that there will be no mysterious unique mark which can
mess around with the recorded information and which can
save time in taking attendance and also the message
transmission which can reduce the interruption of class,
hence the system will facilitate the smooth running of the
scheduled classes at our university, and minimize time loss.
This project has presented design and development of
classroom automation using microcontroller. We can save
the electricity with our proposed work, where we have
focused on energy saving with load control in classrooms
and time management with the help of attendance
monitoring which is based on fingerprint identification.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We gratefully acknowledge my beloved students Ms.
Poorva Shinde, Ms. Pooja.W and Ms. Pooja shinde for
their great help in the completion of the project.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. N.N.
Ghuge HOD Electrical Engineering Department, BSIOTR,
PUNE for his support and cooperation.
We also thank all our colleagues and friends for their
motivation and immense support.

REFERENCES
Figure 9b. Message Transmission using VB.NET Through
PC

Figure 9c. Message is Displaying at LCD

[1]. Kyong Nam Ha, Kyong Chang Lee, Suk Lee

Developement of PIR sensor based indoor location
detection system for smart home, in proceedings of
the SICE-ICASE. International Joint Conference,
pp.2162{2167,oct.18-21,2006.
[2]. Devendra Kumar Yadav, Sumit Singh, Prof. Shashank
Pujari, Pragyan Mishra UG Student, Dept. of ECE,
Sambalpur University Institute of Information
Technology, Fingerprint based Attendance system
using microcontroller and labview.International
Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics
and Instrumentation Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007
Certified Organization)Vol. 4, Issue 6, June 2015
[3]. Inderpreet Kaur (Asstt. Prof.) Microcontroller Based
Home Automation System With Security (IJACSA)
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science
and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 6, December 2010.
[4]. http://www.pitt.edu/~sorc/robotics/, Lukas Hoffmann,
PIC 16F877A Tutorials.
[5]. Automatic Room Light Controller with bidirectional
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.http://www.ijictrd.net/papers/IJICTRDV1I4005.pdf
[6]. www.slideshare.net

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[7]. https://www.pantechsolutions.net/project
its/interfacing-lcd-with-pic16f877a-friendly
[8]. http://www.explainthatstuff.com/fingerprintscanners.ht
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[9]. www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35

BIOGRAPHIES
Mrityunjaya Patted is presently working
as an Assistant professor in JSPMS
BSIOTR, Wagholi, Pune. He is having
teaching experience of 2 years and 1 year
of industrial experience with Master
Degree specialization in Power electronics.
Swarada Muley is presently working as an
Assistant professor in JSPMS BSIOTR,
Wagholi, Pune. She is having 4 years of
teaching experience with master degree
specialization in Control System.
Debamitra Panda is working as an
Assistant Professor in JSPMs BSIOTR,
Wagholi, Pune. She is having 8 years of
teaching experience with master degree in
Power Electronics and drives. She is also
an author for Technical Publications
Restructuring and Deregulation book.

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