Did You Know That Underpinning of Foundations Is Notifiable Work Under The Building Regulations
Did You Know That Underpinning of Foundations Is Notifiable Work Under The Building Regulations
Did You Know That Underpinning of Foundations Is Notifiable Work Under The Building Regulations
Where a building has been damaged by foundation movement and has required
underpinning, there may also be a need to carry out structural repairs or
strengthening work to the superstructure. Such works should be designed and
specified by a structural engineer or a specialist structural repair company.
The excavation is then filled with concrete and allowed to cure before the next
pin is excavated. To transfer the building load safely to the new pin, a dry sand
cement packing mortar is rammed in between the new and old foundation.
This method is low cost and suitable for shallow depth underpinning. Work can
be carried out from one side of the wall and in areas of difficult and restricted
access. It is suitable for heavy foundation loads and massive structures and for
the formation of new cellars and basements beneath existing buildings.
Points to remember
The mass concrete technique cannot be adopted as a solution for all foundation
failures. Other techniques will be required to overcome difficulties with
groundwater, lose ground or fill.
Ensure that the decision to use traditional mass concrete underpinning has been
made by a competent person such as an experienced structural engineer.
Where foundation movement has been caused by ground heave, (such as
moisture recovery of clay soils following removal or decay of a tree) the
underpinning scheme should incorporate appropriate anti-heave protection.
Underpinning piles may require special design consideration and incorporate
reinforcement over their entire length.
Underpinning works are required to comply with the Construction, Design &
Management Regulations (CDM). The Client and appointed contractor are
required to enforce a suitable health and safety policy for the underpinning
operations.
The measures required to comply with the CDM Regulations may determine the
nature of the proposed underpinning works.
The majority of reputable underpinning contractors offer a 12-year defects
insurance guarantee that applies to underpinning, mini piling and foundation
works. This is operated by the Association of Specialist Underpinning
Contractors. A list of its members is available from www.asuc.org.uk
Tahukah anda menopang asas adalah kerja-kerja yang wajib dilaporkan di bawah
Peraturan-Peraturan Bangunan? Anda perlu membuat permohonan kepada pihak
berkuasa kawalan bangunan dalam semua kes, tanpa pengecualian.
Jika kerja-kerja yang menjadi asas adalah untuk dijalankan bersebelahan atau
berdekatan lagi bangunan sedia ada, anda perlu memastikan pelanggan anda
mematuhi keperluan Akta Parti Chat 1996 dengan menasihati mereka untuk
masuk ke dalam dinding perjanjian parti dengan pemilik bersebelahan.
Mana bangunan yang telah rosak oleh pergerakan asas dan telah diperlukan
menopang, mungkin juga terdapat keperluan untuk menjalankan pembaikan
struktur atau kerja-kerja pengukuhan kepada struktur utama. kerja-kerja itu perlu
direka dan ditentukan oleh seorang jurutera struktur atau syarikat pembaikan
struktur pakar.
Kaedah ini adalah kos rendah dan sesuai untuk kedalaman cetek menopang.
Kerja boleh dijalankan dari satu sisi dinding dan di kawasan akses sukar dan
terhad. Ia sesuai untuk beban asas berat dan struktur besar-besaran dan untuk
pembentukan bilik bawah tanah yang baru dan bawah tanah di bawah bangunan
yang sedia ada.
Mata ingat
Teknik konkrit pukal tidak boleh diterima pakai sebagai satu penyelesaian untuk
semua kegagalan asas. Teknik lain akan diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah
dengan air bawah tanah, kehilangan tanah atau mengisi.
Memastikan keputusan untuk menggunakan tradisional yang menjadi asas jisim
konkrit telah dibuat oleh orang yang berwibawa seperti jurutera struktur yang
berpengalaman.
Di mana pergerakan asas telah disebabkan oleh pelonjakan tanah, (seperti
pemulihan kelembapan tanah liat berikutan penyingkiran atau pereputan pokok)
skim menopang perlu menggabungkan perlindungan anti-wa sesuai.
Melaksanakan buasir mungkin memerlukan pertimbangan reka bentuk khas dan
menggabungkan pengukuhan ke atas keseluruhan panjangnya.
kerja-kerja yang menyokong dikehendaki mematuhi Pembinaan, PeraturanPeraturan Pengurusan Design & (CDM). Pelanggan dan kontraktor yang dilantik
dikehendaki menguatkuasakan kesihatan dan keselamatan dasar sesuai untuk
operasi yang menjadi asas.
Langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk mematuhi Peraturan-Peraturan CDM
boleh menentukan bentuk kerja yang menjadi asas yang dicadangkan.
Majoriti kontraktor menopang bereputasi menawarkan 12 tahun jaminan
insurans kecacatan yang boleh digunakan untuk menopang, cerucuk mini dan
kerja-kerja asas. Ini dikendalikan oleh Persatuan Pakar Underpinning Contractors.
Senarai ahli-ahlinya boleh didapati daripada www.asuc.org.uk
The LABC Waranti Manual teknikal percuma untuk muat turun mempunyai
keperluan fungsian dan panduan yang boleh membantu anda mendapatkan
anda betul-betul kerja asas.
Part of a set of official documents that support the technical parts of the building
regulations. Part A focuses on structure, and includes topics such as loading, ground
movement, and disproportionate collapse. This is the 2004 version incorporating 2004,
2010, 2013 amendments and England version.
Mini-piled underpinning[edit]
Mini-piles have the greatest use where ground conditions are very variable, where access is
restrictive, where environmental pollution aspects are significant, and where structural
movements in service must be minimal.[3] Mini-piled underpinning is generally used when the
loads from the foundations need to be transferred to stable soils at considerable depths - usually
in excess of 5 m (16 ft). Mini-piles may either be augured or driven steel cased, and are normally
between 150 mm (5.9 in) and 300 mm (12 in) in diameter. Structural engineers will use rigs which
are specifically designed to operate in environments with restricted headroom and limited space,
and can gain access through a regular domestic doorway. They are capable of constructing piles
to depths of up to 15 m (49 ft). The technique of minipiling was first applied in Italy in 1952, and
has gone through a plethora of different names, reflecting worldwide acceptance and expiration
of the original patents.[3]
The relatively small diameter of mini-piles is extremely distinctive of this type of underpinning and
generally uses anchoring or tie backs into an existing structure or rock. Conventional drilling and
grouting methods are used for this method of underpinning. These mini-piles have a high
slenderness ratio, feature substantial steel reinforcing elements and can sustain axial loading in
both senses.[3] The working loads of mini-piles can sustain up to 1,000 kN (100 long tons-force;
110 short tons-force) loads.
In comparison to Mass Concrete Underpinning, the engineering aspect of mini-piles is a bit more
involved, including rudimentary engineering mechanics such as statics and strength of materials.
These mini-piles must be designed to work in tension and compression, depending on the
orientation and application of the design. In detail, attention with design must be paid analytically
to settlement, bursting, buckling, cracking, and interface consideration, whereas, from a practical
viewpoint, corrosion resistance, and compatibility with the existing ground and structure must be
regarded.[3]
dibangkitkan dan menyamakan kedudukan semula. Ini kaedah yang agak baru yang
menjadi asas telah wujud selama kira-kira 30 tahun, dan kerana ia tidak melibatkan apaapa pembinaan atau penggalian set-up, dikenali sebagai kaedah yang menjadi asas
yang bersih, cepat dan tidak menimbulkan gangguan.