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    Friction in Mechanism Joints

    Uploaded by

    Ponsamuel
    1. The document describes friction in sliding and rotating joints. For sliding joints, boundary lubrication is assumed with a friction coefficient of 0.15. For rotating joints, hydrodynamic lubrication occurs where a thin oil film separates surfaces, carrying loads with relatively low friction. 2. Formulas are provided to calculate the friction force and torque in rotating joints based on parameters like oil viscosity, rotational speed, diameter, and gap between surfaces. 3. An Excel sheet is prepared to calculate the friction torque slopes for different rotating components like crank journals, connecting rod pin, and piston pin based on the formulas, which will be used to define friction behavior in dynamic simulations.

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    Friction in Mechanism Joints

    Uploaded by

    Ponsamuel
    84 views4 pages
    1. The document describes friction in sliding and rotating joints. For sliding joints, boundary lubrication is assumed with a friction coefficient of 0.15. For rotating joints, hydrodynamic lubrication occurs where a thin oil film separates surfaces, carrying loads with relatively low friction. 2. Formulas are provided to calculate the friction force and torque in rotating joints based on parameters like oil viscosity, rotational speed, diameter, and gap between surfaces. 3. An Excel sheet is prepared to calculate the friction torque slopes for different rotating components like crank journals, connecting rod pin, and piston pin based on the formulas, which will be used to define friction behavior in dynamic simulations.

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    1. The document describes friction in sliding and rotating joints. For sliding joints, boundary lubrication is assumed with a friction coefficient of 0.15. For rotating joints, hydrodynamic lubrication occurs where a thin oil film separates surfaces, carrying loads with relatively low friction. 2. Formulas are provided to calculate the friction force and torque in rotating joints based on parameters like oil viscosity, rotational speed, diameter, and gap between surfaces. 3. An Excel sheet is prepared to calculate the friction torque slopes for different rotating components like crank journals, connecting rod pin, and piston pin based on the formulas, which will be used to define friction behavior in dynamic simulations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views4 pages

    Friction in Mechanism Joints

    Uploaded by

    Ponsamuel
    1. The document describes friction in sliding and rotating joints. For sliding joints, boundary lubrication is assumed with a friction coefficient of 0.15. For rotating joints, hydrodynamic lubrication occurs where a thin oil film separates surfaces, carrying loads with relatively low friction. 2. Formulas are provided to calculate the friction force and torque in rotating joints based on parameters like oil viscosity, rotational speed, diameter, and gap between surfaces. 3. An Excel sheet is prepared to calculate the friction torque slopes for different rotating components like crank journals, connecting rod pin, and piston pin based on the formulas, which will be used to define friction behavior in dynamic simulations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    1

    Friction in joints
    Friction can be evaluated using friction coefficient
    1. Cylinder Piston, sliding joint
    Assume boundary lubrication in this pair and friction coefficient f = 0,15

     =  , 
    F friction force
    N reaction force
    f friction coefficient
    Fig. 1

    This friction coefficient can be used directly in Inventor Dynamic simulation environment to
    describe friction behavior in a sliding joint.
    2. All rotating joints
    These joints can function normally only under hydrodynamic friction conditions. This means that
    rotating shaft and its bearing are separated with a thin oil film of varying thickness and no metal to
    metal contact occurs in the joint. All the shaft load is carried by a thin oil film called the oil wedge
    (see Fig.2). Oil wedge is created as oil is being pulled between the shaft and the bearing by a
    rotating shaft surface. The main reason of this pulling effect is that every liquid has viscosity and so
    inner friction forces force the fluid (oil) layers to follow rotating shaft surface.
    The effect occurs at no cost and substantial loads can be carried.

    Fig. 2 Hydrodynamic bearing

    f friction coefficient
    - oil dynamic viscosity
    N shaft RPM
    P carried load

    Fig. 3 Friction coefficient of a rotating joint (Stribeck curve)

    As can be seen in Figure 3 the friction coefficient for hydrodynamic lubrication is relatively small
    (approx. 50 times smaller than for boundary lubrication) and increases approximately linearly with
    rotational speed.
    We will use simplified theory formulas to evaluate friction torque in rotating joints:
    Friction force in a joint:


    ,   (1)
    

    where l bearing length, d shaft diameter, - oil


    dynamic viscosity, shaft angular velocity, joint
    relative gap (diametric gap 2s / shaft diameter d).

    Then friction torque will be as follows:

    =

    Fig. 4 Joint radial gap s


    ,   (2)
    2

    Prepare the following Excel sheet


    1. Oil viscosity
    Oil viscosity
    kinematic visc Density
    2

    , mm /s (cSt) , kg/m
    32

    Dynamic visc
    3

    , kg /s*m
    869

    0,027808

    Dynamic viscosity =   = 32 10 869 0,027808

    #$
    %&

    2. Diametric gap
    Choose something between 0,03 to 0,1 mm (for large diameters)
    Rotating joint diametral gap
    Crank journal
    Conrod pin
    Piston pin

    s, mm
    0,05
    0,05
    0,025

    3. coefficient (see formula 1)


    Use your diameters and contact length

    Crank journal
    Conrod pin
    Piston pin

    diameter d, mm contact length, l,mm coefficient =s/d


    **l*d/
    65
    46
    0,000769231
    65
    46
    0,000769231
    28
    37
    0,000892857

    0,339573795
    0,339573795
    0,10136719

    4. Friction torque and slope in crankshaft journals, connecting rod pin and piston pin
    Friction torque M, N*mm
    n ,rpm
    , rad/s
    0
    500
    1000
    1500
    2000
    2500
    3000
    3500
    4000

    , deg/s
    0,0
    52,4
    104,7
    157,1
    209,4
    261,8
    314,2
    366,5
    418,9

    0,0
    3000,2
    6000,4
    9000,7
    12000,9
    15001,1
    18001,3
    21001,5
    24001,8

    2x Crank journals, Nmm Conrod pin, Nmm


    Piston pin, Nmm
    0,0
    0,0
    0,0
    1155,7
    577,9
    74,3
    2311,4
    1155,7
    148,6
    3467,1
    1733,6
    222,9
    4622,8
    2311,4
    297,2
    5778,5
    2889,3
    371,5
    6934,2
    3467,1
    445,8
    8089,9
    4045,0
    520,1
    9245,6
    4622,8
    594,4
    Slope, (N*mm) / (deg/s) Slope
    Slope
    0,385205876
    0,192602938
    0,024766853

    Calculate friction torques using formulae (2) for different RPM.


    There are two crankshaft journals and therefore double friction torque.
    As the function is linear you can use 2 RPM values in table. For example 0 and 500.

    Calculate friction torque slope or acquire it from graphs as shown in Figure 5. We will use
    the slopes to define friction behavior in a rotating joins of Inventor Dynamic Simulation.
    We will use them to define parameter called Damping.

    Fig. 5 Friction torque slopes

    So the friction torque of a rotating joint can be defined in Dynamic simulation as follows

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