Mobile operating system

A phone operating system (or mobile OS) is an 1.2 19931999

operating system for smartphones, tablets, [[personal dig 1994 The rst smartphone, the IBM Simon, has a
ital divices
touchscreen, email, and PDA features.
assistant]]s (PDAs), or other mobile devices. While computers such as typical laptops are mobile, the operating
1996
systems usually used on them are not considered mo Palm Pilot 1000 personal digital assistant is inbile ones, as they were originally designed for desktop
troduced with the Palm OS mobile operating
computers that historically did not have or need specic
system.
mobile features. This distinction is becoming blurred
in some newer operating systems that are hybrids made
First Windows CE Handheld PC devices are
for both uses. So-called mobile operating systems, or
introduced.
even only smartphones running them, now represent most
1999 Nokia S40 Platform is introduced ocially
(web) use (on weekends and averaged for whole weeks).
along with the Nokia 7110.
Mobile operating systems, are now, as of late 2016, the
most used kind, with traditional desktop OS, now a minority use kind; see crossover to mobile more popular.
1.3 2000s
However, variations occur in popularity by regions, while
desktop-minority also applies on some days in e.g., the US
2000 Symbian becomes the rst modern mobile
and UK.
OS on a smartphone with the launch of the Ericsson
R380.

Mobile operating systems combine features of a personal

computer operating system with other features useful
for mobile or handheld use; usually including, and most
of the following considered essential in modern mobile systems; a touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, WiFi, not global Positioning System (GPS) mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice
recorder, music player, near eld communication, and
infrared blaster.

2001 The Kyocera 6035 is the rst smartphone

with Palm OS.
2002
Microsoft's rst Windows CE (Pocket PC)
smartphones are introduced.
BlackBerry releases its rst smartphone.

Mobile devices with mobile communications abilities

(e.g., smartphones) contain two mobile operating systems
the main user-facing software platform is supplemented
by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the
mobile device.[1] done

2005 Nokia introduces Maemo OS on the rst Internet tablet N770.

2007
Apple iPhone with iOS is introduced as
an iPhone, mobile phone and Internet
communicator.[2]
Open Handset Alliance (OHA) formed by
Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola,
Samsung, LG, etc.[3]

Timeline

2008 OHA releases Android (based on Linux kernel) 1.0 with the HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1) as the
rst Android phone.

Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones and smartphones:

1.1

2009
Palm introduces webOS with the Palm Pre. By
2012, webOS devices were discontinued.

Pre-1993

19731993 Mobile phones use embedded systems

to control operation.

Samsung announces the Bada OS with the introduction of the Samsung S8500.
1

2 CURRENT SOFTWARE PLATFORMS

1.4

2010s

1.4.1

2010

November Windows Phone OS phones are released but are not compatible with the prior
Windows Mobile OS.
1.4.2

2011

July MeeGo, a mobile Linux distribution, combining Maemo and Moblin, is introduced with the
Nokia N9, a collaboration of Nokia, Intel, and Linux
Foundation.
September Samsung, Intel, and the Linux Foundation announced that their eorts will shift from
Bada, MeeGo to Tizen during 2011 and 2012.

BlackBerry release BlackBerry 10.3 with integration with the Amazon Appstore
November Google releases Android 5.0 Lollipop
1.4.6 2015
February Google releases Android 5.1 Lollipop.
September
Apple releases iOS 9.
Google releases Android 6.0 Marshmallow.
November Microsoft releases Windows 10 Mobile.

October The Mer project was announced, based on

an ultra-portable core for building products, com- 1.4.7 2016
posed of Linux, HTML5, QML, and JavaScript,
June Apple announced iOS 10.
which was derived from the MeeGo codebase.
August Google released Android 7.0 Nougat.[5]
1.4.3

2012

July Mozilla announced that the project formerly

named Boot to Gecko (which was built atop an Android Linux kernel using Android drivers and services; however it used no Java-like code of Android)
was now Firefox OS and had several handset OEMs
on board.
September Apple releases iOS 6.
1.4.4

2013

September Apple releases iOS 10.

November - Tizen releases Tizen 3.0.

2 Current software platforms

See also: Comparison of smartphones, Comparison of
Firefox OS devices, List of iOS devices, and List of
Windows Phone devices

January BlackBerry releases their new operating These operating systems often run atop baseband or other
real time operating systems that handle hardware aspects
system for smartphones, BlackBerry 10.
of the phone.
September Apple releases iOS 7.
October
Canonical announced Ubuntu Touch, a version
of the Linux distribution expressly designed
for smartphones. The OS is built on the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and
services, but does not use any of the Java-like
code of Android.[4]
Google releases Android KitKat 4.4.
1.4.5

2014

February Microsoft releases Windows Phone 8.1

September
Apple releases iOS 8

2.1 Android
See also: Android
Android (based on the Linux kernel) is from Google
Inc.[6] Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for general purpose computers (a category that
includes desktop computers and mobile devices), even
though Android is not a popular operating system for regular (desktop) personal computers (PCs). Although the
Android operating system is free and open-source software,[7] in devices sold, much of the software bundled
with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is proprietary software and closed source.[8]
Androids releases before 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used
exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were

2.1

Android

3
1.1 Alpha: (API Level 2)
1.2 Beta
1.5 Cupcake: (API Level 3)
1.6 Donut: (API Level 4)
2.0 Eclair: (API Level 5)
2.0.1 Eclair: (API Level 6)
2.1 Eclair: (API Level 7)
2.2.x Frozen Yogurt (Froyo): (API Level 8)
2.3 Gingerbread (minor UI tweak): (API Level 9)
2.3.3 Gingerbread: (API Level 10)
3.0 Honeycomb (major UI revamp): (API Level
11)
3.1 Honeycomb: (API Level 12)
3.2 Honeycomb: (API Level 13)
4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (minor UI tweak): (API
Level 14)
4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich: (API Level 15)
4.1 Jelly Bean: (API Level 16)
4.2 Jelly Bean: (API Level 17)
4.3 Jelly Bean: (API Level 18)

Google Android Marshmallow OS

4.4.4 KitKat: (API Level 19)

5.0, 5.0.1, 5.0.2 Lollipop (major UI revamp):
(API Level 21)
5.1, 5.1.1 Lollipop: (API Level 22)
6.0 & 6.0.1 Marshmallow: (API Level 23)
7.0 Nougat (API Level 24)[9]
2.1.1 AOKP

Android Open Kang Project (AOKP) is a custom ROM

which is based on the Android Open Source Project
(AOSP). Similar to CyanogenMod, AOKP allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from
their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version
Google Android 5.0, 6.0, 7.0
to the latest one based on ocial release from Google
AOSP and heavy theme customization together with cusmostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets. An- tomizable system functions.
droid 3.0 was a tablet-oriented release and does not oCurrent AOKP version list:
cially run on mobile phones. The current Android version
is 7.1 Nougat.
AOKP based on Android Ice Cream Sandwich
Androids releases are named after sweets or dessert
4.0.x
items, except for the rst and second releases:
AOKP based on Android Jelly Bean 4.1.x 4.3.x
1.0 (API Level 1)

AOKP based on Android KitKat 4.4.x

2 CURRENT SOFTWARE PLATFORMS

2.1.2

ColorOS

CyanogenMod 13 (based on Android Marshmallow 6.0.x)

ColorOS is based on the open source Android Open

CyanogenMod 14 (based on Android Nougat
Source Project (AOSP) and developed by OPPO Elec7.x.x, still in progress and not ocially launched
tronics Corp. As of 2016, OPPO ocially releases Colyet)[10]
orOS with every OPPO device, and released an ocial
read-only memory (ROM) version for the OnePlus One
smartphone.
2.1.4 Cyanogen OS
Current ColorOS version list:
Cyanogen OS is based on CyanogenMod and maintained
by Cyanogen Inc, however it includes proprietary apps
ColorOS 1.0 (based on Android Jelly Bean 4.1.x
and it is only available for commercial uses.
4.3.x) (initial release)
Current Cyanogen OS version list:
ColorOS 2.0 (based on Android KitKat 4.4.x)
(minor UI upgrade)
Cyanogen OS 11s (based on Android KitKat
4.4.x, initial release)
ColorOS 2.1 (based on Android Lollipop 5.0.x
Cyanogen OS 12 (based on Android Lollipop
5.1.x) (minor UI upgrade)
5.0.x, major UI revamp)
2.1.3

CyanogenMod

CyanogenMod is based on the open source Android Open

Source Project (AOSP). It is a custom ROM that was
codeveloped by the CyanogenMod community. The OS
does not include any proprietary apps unless the user installs them. Due to its open source nature, CyanogenMod allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on ocial
release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. The current version of the OS is CyanogenMod 13
which is based on Android Marshmallow.
Current CyanogenMod version list:
CyanogenMod 3 (based on Android Cupcake
1.5.x, initial release)
CyanogenMod 4 (based on Android Cupcake and
Donut 1.5.x and 1.6.x)
CyanogenMod 5 (based on Android Eclair
2.0/2.1)
CyanogenMod 6 (based on Android Froyo 2.2.x)
CyanogenMod 7 (based on Android Gingerbread
2.3.x)

Cyanogen OS 12.1 (based on android Lollipop

5.1.x)
Cyanogen OS 13 (based on Android Marshmallow
6.0.x)[11]
2.1.5 EMUI
Emotion User Interface (EMUI) is a ROM/OS that is developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and is based
on Googles Android Open Source Project (AOSP).
EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei Smartphone devices and its subsidiaries the Honor series.
Current EMUI version list:
EMUI 1.x (based on Android Ice Cream Sandwich and Jelly Bean 4.0.x and 4.1.x 4.3.x) (initial release)
EMUI 2.x (based on Android Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean and KitKat 4.0.x, 4.1.x 4.3.x
and 4.4.x) (minor UI tweak)
EMUI 3.x (based on Android KitKat and Lollipop 4.4.x and 5.0.x 5.1.x) (minor UI tweak)
EMUI 4.x (based on Android Marshmallow 6.x)
EMUI 5.x (based on Android Nougat 7.x)

CyanogenMod 9 (based on Android Ice Cream

2.1.6 Flyme OS
Sandwich 4.0.x, major UI revamp)
CyanogenMod 10 (based on Android Jelly Bean Flyme OS is an operating system developed by Meizu
4.1.x 4.3.x)
Technology Co., Ltd., an open source OS based on
Google Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Flyme
CyanogenMod 11 (based on Android KitKat OS is mainly installed on Meizu Smartphones such as the
4.4.x)
MXs series, however it also has ocial ROM support for
CyanogenMod 12 (based on Android Lollipop a few Android devices.
5.0.x 5.1.x, major UI revamp)

Current Flyme OS version list:

2.1

Android

Flyme OS 1.x.x (based on Android Ice Cream MIUI is based on AOSP, which is Open Source, it conSandwich 4.0.3, initial release)
sists of closed source and proprietary software of its own.
Flyme OS 2.x.x (based on Android Jelly Bean Current MIUI version list:
4.1.x 4.2.x)
MIUI V1 based on Android Froyo 2.2.x, initial
Flyme OS 3.x.x (based on Android Jelly Bean
release
4.3.x)
Flyme OS 4.x.x (based on Android KitKat 4.4.x)
Flyme OS 5.x.x (based on Android Lollipop 5.0.x
5.1.x)
2.1.7

HTC Sense

HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC,

used primarily on the companys Android-based devices.
Serving as a successor to HTCs TouchFLO 3D software
for Windows Mobile, Sense modies many aspects of
the Android user experience, incorporating added features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard),
widgets, HTC-developed applications, and redesigned
applications. The rst device with Sense, the HTC Hero,
was released in 2009.
HTC Sense 1.x (based on Android Eclair 2.0/2.1,
initial release)

MIUI V2 based on Android Froyo 2.2.x, redesigned UI

MIUI V3 based on Android Gingerbread 2.3.x,
redesign UI
MIUI V4 based on Android Ice Cream Sandwich
and Jelly Bean 4.0.x and 4.1.x, redesigned UI
MIUI V5 based on Android Jelly Bean and
KitKat 4.1.x 4.3.x and 4.4.x, redesigned UI
MIUI V6 based on Android KitKat and Lollipop
4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesigned UI
MIUI V7 based on Android KitKat and Lollipop
and Marshmallow 4.4.x and 5.0.x and 6.0.x
MIUI V8 based on Android Marshmallow 6.0.x

HTC Sense 2.x (based on Android Eclair, Froyo 2.1.9 LG UX

and Gingerbread 2.0/2.1, 2.2.x and 2.3.x, reLG UX (formerly named Optimus UI) is a front-end
designed UI)
touch interface developed by LG Electronics with part HTC Sense 3.x (based on Android Gingerbread ners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is sometimes
2.3.x, redesigned UI)
incorrectly identied as an operating system. LG UX is
used internally by LG for sophisticated feature phones
HTC Sense 4.x (based on Android Ice Cream
and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing
Sandwich and Jelly Bean 4.0.x and 4.1.x, reby external parties.
designed UI)
Optimus UI 2 which based on Android 4.1.2 has been
HTC Sense 5.x (based on Android Jelly Bean released on the Optimus K II and the Optimus Neo 3.
4.1.x 4.3.x, redesigned UI)
It features a more rened user interface compared to the
prior version based on Android 4.1.1, would include to HTC Sense 6.x (based on Android KitKat 4.4.x,
gether which new functionality such as voice shutter and
redesigned UI)
quick memo.
HTC Sense 7.x (based on Android Lollipop 5.0.x,
redesigned UI)
HTC Sense 8.x (based on Android Marshmallow
6.0.x, redesigned UI)
2.1.8

MIUI

Mi User Interface (MIUI), developed by a Chinese electronic company Xiaomi Tech, is a mobile operating
system which based on Google Android Open Source
Project (AOSP). MIUI is found in Xiaomi smartphones
such as the Mi and Redmi Series, however it also has ofcial ROM support for a few Android devices. Although

Current LG UX version list:

Optimus UI 1.x based on Android Gingerbread
2.3.x, initial release
Optimus UI 2.x based on Android Ice Cream Sandwich and Jelly Bean 4.0.x and 4.1.x 4.3.x, redesigned UI
LG UX 3.x based on Android KitKat and Lollipop
4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesigned UI
LG UX 4.x based on Android Lollipop 5.1.x and
Marshmallow 5.1.x and 6.0.x, redesigned UI

2 CURRENT SOFTWARE PLATFORMS

2.1.10

OxygenOS

OxygenOS is based on the open source Android Open

Source Project (AOSP) and is developed by OnePlus to
replace Cyanogen OS on OnePlus devices such as the
OnePlus One, and it is preinstalled on the OnePlus 2,
OnePlus 3, and OnePlus X.[12] As stated by Oneplus,
OxygenOS is focused on stabilizing and maintaining of
stock like those found on Nexus devices. It consists of
mainly Google apps and minor UI customization to maintain the sleekness of pure Android.
Current OxygenOS version list:

2.1.12 ZenUI
ZenUI is a front-end touch interface developed by ASUS
with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. ZenUI
is used by Asus for its Android phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties.
ZenUI also comes preloaded with Asus-made apps like
ZenLink (PC Link, Share Link, Party Link & Remote
Link).

2.2 iOS

iOS (formerly named iPhone OS) is from Apple Inc. It

Oxygen OS 1.0.X (based on Android Lollipop
has the second largest installed base worldwide on smart5.0.x) (initial release)
phones, but the largest prots, due to aggressive price
Oxygen OS 2.0.X (based on Android Lollipop competition between Android-based manufacturers.[13]
It is closed source and proprietary and built on open
5.1.x) (overall maintenance update)
source Darwin core OS. The Apple iPhone, iPod Touch,
Oxygen OS 3.0.X (based on Android Marshmal- iPad and second-generation Apple TV all use iOS, which
low 6.0.0) (upgrade Android main version)
is derived from macOS.
Oxygen OS 3.1.X (based on Android Marshmal- Native third party applications were not ocially suplow 6.0.1) (maintenance update)
ported until the release of iPhone OS 2.0 on July 11,
2008. Before this, "jailbreaking" allowed third party applications to be installed, and this method is still available.
2.1.11 TouchWiz
Currently all iOS devices are developed by Apple and
TouchWiz is a front-end touch interface developed by manufactured by Foxconn or another of Apples partners.
Samsung Electronics with partners, featuring a full touch As of 2014, the global market share of iOS was
user interface. It is sometimes incorrectly identied as 15.4%.[14]
an independent operating system. TouchWiz is used internally by Samsung for smartphones, feature phones and Current iOS version list:
tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. The Android version of TouchWiz also
comes with Samsung-made apps preloaded (except starting with the Galaxy S6 which have removed all Samsung
pre-loaded apps installed, leaving one with Galaxy Apps,
to save storage space and initially due to the removal of
MicroSD).
Current TouchWiz version list:

iPhone OS 1.x
iPhone OS 2.x
iPhone OS 3.x
iOS 4.x
iOS 5.x

TouchWiz 3.0 & 3.0 Lite based on Android Eclair

and Froyo 2.0/2.1 and 2.2.x, initial release
TouchWiz 4.0 based on Android Gingerbread and
Ice Cream Sandwich 2.3.x and 4.0.x, redesigned UI
TouchWiz Nature UX 1.0 and Lite based on Android Ice Cream Sandwich and Jelly Bean 4.0.x and
4.1.x, redesigned UI

iOS 6.x
iOS 7.x (major UI revamp)
iOS 8.x
iOS 9.x

iOS 10.x
TouchWiz Nature UX 2.x based on Android Jelly
Bean and KitKat 4.2.x 4.3.x and 4.4.x, redesigned
UI
2.3 Windows 10 Mobile
TouchWiz Nature UX 3.x based on Android
KitKat and Lollipop 4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesigned UI Windows 10 Mobile (formerly called Windows Phone)
is from Microsoft. It is closed source and proprietary. It
TouchWiz Nature UX 5.x based on Android Lol- has the third largest installed base on smartphones behind
lipop 5.0.x 5.1.x, redesigned UI
Android and iOS.

2.5

Sailsh OS

Unveiled on February 15, 2010, Windows Phone includes

a user interface inspired by Microsofts Metro Design Language. It is integrated with Microsoft services such as
OneDrive and Oce, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox
Live games and Bing, but also integrates with many other
non-Microsoft services such as Facebook and Google accounts. Windows Phone devices are made primarily by
Microsoft Mobile/Nokia, and also by HTC and Samsung.
On 21 January 2015, Microsoft announced that the Windows Phone brand will be phased out and replaced with
Windows 10 Mobile, bringing tighter integration and unication with its PC counterpart Windows 10, and provide
a platform for smartphones and tablets with screen sizes
under 8 inches.
As of 2016, Windows 10 Mobile global market share
dropped below 0.6%.[15]
Current Windows Phone version list:
Windows Phone 7

2.5 Sailsh OS
Sailsh OS is from Jolla. It is partly open source and
adopts GNU General Public License (GPL) for core and
middleware. However, the user interface is proprietary
software (closed source).
After Nokia abandoned in 2011 the MeeGo project, most
of the MeeGo team left Nokia, and established Jolla as a
company to use MeeGo and Mer business opportunities.
The MER standard allows it to be launched on any hardware with kernel compatible with MER. In 2012, Linux
Sailsh OS based on MeeGo and using middleware of
MER core stack distribution was launched for public use.
The rst device, the Jolla smartphone, was unveiled on
20 May 2013. In 2015, Jolla Tablet was launched and
the BRICS countries declared it an ocially supported
OS there. Jolla started licensing Sailsh OS 2.0 for 3rd
parties. Some devices sold are updateable to Sailsh 2.0
with no limits.
Each Sailsh OS version release is named after a Finnish
lake:

Windows Phone 7.5

Windows Phone 7.8 minor UI tweak

2.6 Tizen

Windows Phone 8 GDR1, GDR2 & GDR3, & minor UI tweak

Tizen is hosted by the Linux Foundation and support from

the Tizen Association, guided by a Technical Steering
Group composed of Intel and Samsung.

Windows Phone 8.1 GDR1 & GDR2, & minor UI

tweak

Tizen is an operating system for devices including smartphones, tablets, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) devices,
and smart TVs. It is an open source system (however the
SDK was closed source and proprietary) that aims to offer a consistent user experience across devices. Tizens
main components are the Linux kernel and the WebKit
runtime. According to Intel, Tizen combines the best of
LiMo and MeeGo. HTML5 apps are emphasized, with
MeeGo encouraging its members to transition to Tizen,
stating that the future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps,
and we are rmly convinced that our investment needs to
shift toward HTML5. Tizen will be targeted at a variety
of platforms such as handsets, touch pc, smart TVs and
in-vehicle entertainment.[17][18] On May 17, 2013, Tizen
released version 2.1, code-named Nectarine.[19]

Windows 10 Mobile

2.4

BlackBerry 10

BlackBerry 10 (based on the QNX OS) is from

BlackBerry. As a smart phone OS, it is closed source and
proprietary, and only runs on phones and tablets manufactured by Blackberry.
Once one of the dominant platforms in the world, its
global market share was reduced to 0.4% by the end of
2014.[16]
Current BlackBerry 10 version list:
BlackBerry 10.0

Currently Tizen are the fourth largest Mobile OS in term

of market share. Tizen has the second-largest market
share in the budget segment of smartphones in India as
of Q4 2015.

BlackBerry 10.1

Current Tizen version list:

BlackBerry 10.2

1.0 (Larkspur)

BlackBerry 10.3 major UI revamp

2.0 (Magnolia)

BlackBerry 10.4 developing, expected to release

by 2016

2.1 (Nectarine)
2.2.x

3 DISCONTINUED SOFTWARE PLATFORMS

2.3.x
2.4.x (minor UI tweaks)
3.0 (under development)

2.7

Ubuntu Touch OS

According to Ars Technica, Mozilla says that B2G is

motivated by a desire to demonstrate that the standardsbased open Web has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the existing single-vendor application development stacks oered by the dominant mobile operating
systems.[22] In September 2016, Mozilla announced that
work on Firefox OS has ceased, and all B2G-related code
would be removed from mozilla-central.[23]

Ubuntu Touch OS is from Canonical Ltd.. It is open

source and uses the GPL license.[19] The OS is built on
the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and ser- 3.2 Bada
vices via an LXC container, but does not use any of the
Bada platform (stylized as bada; Korean:
) was an opJava-like code of Android.[20]
erating system for mobile devices such as smartphones
Current Ubuntu Touch version list:
and tablet computers. It was developed by Samsung Electronics. Its name is derived from "
(bada)", meaning
ocean
or
sea
in
Korean.
It
ranges
from mid- to
Preview Version (initial release)
high-end smartphones. To foster adoption of Bada OS,
OTA 2.x
since 2011 Samsung reportedly has considered releasing the source code under an open-source license, and
OTA 3.x
expanding device support to include Smart TVs. Samsung announced in June 2012 intentions to merge Bada
OTA 4.x
into the Tizen project, but would meanwhile use its own
OTA 5.x
Bada operating system, in parallel with Google Android
OS and Microsoft Windows Phone, for its smartphones.
OTA 6.x
All Bada-powered devices are branded under the Wave
name, but not all of Samsungs Android-powered devices
OTA 7.x
are branded under the name Galaxy. On 25 February
OTA 8.x
2013, Samsung announced that it will stop developing
Bada, moving development to Tizen instead.Bug report OTA 9.x
ing was nally terminated in April 2014.[24]
OTA 10.x
OTA 11.x

3.3 Symbian

OTA 12.x

The Symbian platform was developed by Nokia for some

models of smartphones. It is proprietary software. The
operating system was discontinued in 2012, although a
slimmed-down version for basic phones was still developed until July 2014. Microsoft ocially shelved the
platform in favor of Windows Phone after its acquisition
of Nokia.[25]

OTA 13.x

2.8

H5OS

H5OS is from Acadine Technologies. The OS is based

on Firefox OS.
Current H5OS version list:
v1.0 (initial release)

3
3.1

Discontinued software platforms

Firefox OS

Firefox OS[21] is from Mozilla. It was an open source

mobile operating system released under the Mozilla Public License built on the Android Linux kernel and used
Android drivers, but did not use any Java-like code of
Android.

3.4 Nokia X platform

The Nokia X platform was developed by Nokia Corporation and later on maintained by Microsoft Mobile. It
was a project which is based on the open source Android
Open Source Project (AOSP), but replaced all the Google
Services and Apps with Nokia and Microsoft apps. Its
overall UI mimics the Windows Phone UI.

3.5 Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile is a discontinued operating system from
Microsoft that it replaced with Windows Phone.[6][26] It
is closed source and proprietary.

3.10

LiMo

The Windows CE operating system and Windows Mobile

middleware was widely spread in Asia (which mostly uses
Android now). The two improved variants of this operating system, Windows Mobile 6 Professional (for touch
screen devices) and Windows Mobile 6 Standard, were
unveiled in February 2007. It was criticized for having a
user interface which is not optimized for touch input by
ngers; instead, it is more usable with a stylus. Like iOS,
and most other Mobile OS, it supports both touch screen,
physical and Bluetooth keyboard congurations.

9
Foundation. It is open source and GPL. At the 2010
Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel
both unveiled MeeGo, a mobile operating system that
combined Moblin and Maemo to create an open-sourced
experience for users across all devices. In 2011 Nokia announced that it would no longer pursue MeeGo in favor
of Windows Phone. Nokia announced the Nokia N9 on
June 21, 2011 at the Nokia Connection event[32] in Singapore. LG announced its support for the platform.[33]

Windows Mobiles market share sharply declined to only

3.10 LiMo
5% in Q2 of 2010.[27][28] Microsoft phased out the Windows Mobile OS to focus on Windows Phone.
LiMo was from the LiMo Foundation. They launched
LiMo 4 on February 14, 2011. It delivers middleware
and application functionality, including a exible user in3.6 Palm OS
terface, extended widget libraries, 3D window eects,
Palm OS/Garnet OS was from Access Co. It is closed advanced multimedia, social networking, and locationsource and proprietary. webOS was introduced by Palm based service frameworks, sensor frameworks, multiin January 2009 as the successor to Palm OS with Web tasking and multitouch abilities. Also, support for scal2.0 technologies, open architecture and multitasking abil- able screen resolution and consistent APIs means that the
platform can deliver a consistent user experience across
ities.
multiple device types and form factors.[34]

3.7

webOS

webOS was developed by Palm, although some parts are

open source. webOS is a proprietary mobile operating
system running on the Linux kernel, initially developed
by Palm, which launched with the Palm Pre. After being
acquired by HP, two phones (the Veer and the Pre 3) and
a tablet (the TouchPad) running webOS were introduced
in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware would be discontinued,[29] but would continue to support and update webOS software and develop
the webOS ecosystem.[30] HP released webOS as open
source under the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features.[31] On February 25, 2013
HP announced the sale of WebOS to LG Electronics,
who used the operating system for its smart or Internetconnected TVs. However, HP retained patents underlying WebOS and cloud-based services such as the App
Catalog.

3.8

Maemo

Maemo was a platform developed by Nokia for

smartphones and Internet tablets. It is open source and
GPL, based on Debian GNU/Linux and draws much of its
graphical user interface (GUI), frameworks, and libraries
from the GNOME project. It uses the Matchbox window manager and the GTK-based Hildon as its GUI and
application framework.

3.9

MeeGo

4 Market share
In 2006, Android, iOS, and Windows Phone did not exist and only 64 million smartphones were sold.[35] In 2015
Q1, global market share was 80.7% for Android, 15.4%
for iOS, 2.8% for Windows Phone, 0.6% for Blackberry
and remaining 0.5% for all other platforms.[36] In 2016
Q1, more than a billion smartphones were sold and global
market share was 84.1% for Android, 14.8% for iOS,
0.7% for Windows Phone, 0.2% for Blackberry and remaining 0.2% for all other platforms.

4.1 Crossover to mobile more popular

See also: Usage share of web browsers Crossover to
mobile more popular
According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for
all use), in the week from 713 November 2016, mobile (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the rst time.[37] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America,
Poland in Europe and Turkey; and most of Asia and
Africa. The rest of the world is still desktop-majority,
with it e.g. in the United States at 54.89% (but no not on
all days).[38] On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile has shown majority,[39] Since 27 October,
the desktop hasn't shown majority, not even on weekdays.

Formerly, according to StatCounter press release, the

world has turned desktop-minority;[40] as of October
MeeGo was from non-prot organization The Linux 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mo-

10

REFERENCES

bile wasn't ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to

it to exceed desktop share.

4.2

World-wide share or shipments

See table below for source data

from BlackBerry.[106] Many mobile browsers such as

Internet Explorer Mobile, Firefox for Mobile, and Google
Chrome can be switched to Desktop view by users, which
identies devices with the analogous desktop versions of
those browsers. In these cases, the mobile use would be
excluded from these statistics.
See table below for source data

5 See also
Comparison of mobile operating systems
List of GPS software for mobile phones
Smartphone
Tablet computer
Personal digital assistant
Smart TV
Information appliance
Mobile device

See table below for source data

Real-time operating system

6 References
[1] Thom Holwerda, OSNews, 12 November 2013, hThe second operating system hiding in every mobile phone
[2] Jobs, Steve (2007-01-19). Macworld San Francisco 2007
Keynote Address. San Francisco: Apple, Inc.
See table below for source data

4.3

Market share by country or region

4.4

Mobile Internet trac share

As of November 2013, mobile data use showed 55.17%

of mobile data trac to be from iOS, 33.89% from
Android, 4.49% from Java ME (Nokia S40), 4.12%
from Symbian, 1.65% from Windows Phone and 1%

[3] Helft, Miguel (2007-11-05). Google Enters the Wireless

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[4] Ubuntu phone OS announced, rst devices shipping in
early 2014.
[5] The Associated Press (2016-08-22). Google Rolling Out
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[6] Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Grew 35
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2. Retrieved 2011-02-21.

11

[7] ICS is coming to AOSP.

[8] Balky carriers and slow OEMs step aside: Google is defragging Android. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2013-12-24.

[29] HP Conrms Discussions with Autonomy Corporation

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[30] The next chapter for webOS. HP webOS Developer

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[10] CM14 is in progress and nightlies have not yet started. Devices will be added when nightlies ocially begin. https:
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[31] Open webOS::Roadmap.

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[11] MOD ready Cyanogen OS 13.1 is now available for the

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[18] Ricker, Thomas. (2011-09-28)MeeGo is dead: Meet Tizen, another new open source OS based on Linux. Thisismynext.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-03.

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[41] 2010 Q4 contains insignicant part of Windows Phone

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[21] B2G MozillaWiki. mozilla.org. 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2011-09-07.

[42] not including low cost devices

[22] Paul, Ryan (2011-07-25). Mozilla eyes mobile OS landscape with new Boot to Gecko project. Arstechnica.com.
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External links
Java ME

Android-based
leapfrog Apples iPhone

smartphone

shipments

Qualcomm Uplinq Mobile OS Developer Conference (Annual)

Android Applications
Mobile OS

14

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1

Text

Mobile operating system Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system?oldid=755363261 Contributors: Zundark, The

Anome, Edward, Egil, Ijon, DominiqueM, Jni, Nurg, Andries, Bumm13, Ukexpat, Cab88, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Bender235,
Darkguy, Smalljim, Cenora, Guy Harris, The RedBurn, Diego Moya, Wtmitchell, Rothgar, VoluntarySlave, Dismas, Taylortbb, Tournesol, Woohookitty, Mindmatrix, Koavf, SMC, Drench, Ttwaring, Dinosaurdarrell, Mancini, Skierpage, Zayani, Bgwhite, Burnte, Eraserhead1, Fram, Caballero1967, Rwwww, Mardus, SmackBot, Slashme, McGeddon, UrbanTerrorist, Gilliam, Chris the speller, Thumperward, Mdwh, Colonies Chris, Frap, Mikeormike, Ne0Freedom, Derek R Bullamore, Zsvedic, Lester, Akriesch, Iridescent, DKqwerty, Payamjj, N2e, Cydebot, Steel, Danorton, Kozuch, Ebrahim, Redsparta, Dawnseeker2000, Lfstevens, Barek, MER-C, Magioladitis, Bongwarrior, Ferritecore, Yorxs, Chris Ssk, DominiqueHazaelMassieux, A tumiwa, Kiore, Anaxial, Jack007, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, Mike Restivo, Nono64, AgarwalSumeet, Fatka, Altes, Flashcube, Acalamari, AntiSpamBot, Bonadea, LogicDictates, Ammon86, Joeinwap, Hammersoft, Taylortheturtle, TXiKiBoT, Oshwah, Red Act, Netemcee, Anna Lincoln, PieterDeBruijn, Caulde, Jerryobject, Chmyr, Happysailor, Flyer22 Reborn, Belinrahs, Vdcappel, Lightmouse, TheHoax, Ossguy, MenoBot, Wysprgr2005, Frmorrison,
Iuhkjhk87y678, Keith139, Niceguyedc, Alunphillips, Sonixrulerz, Aravindan Shanmugasundaram, Thingg, KuboF, SF007, Eried, InternetMeme, XLinkBot, Useerup, Rreagan007, Adileader, MystBot, Gabriel2008, Addbot, Ghettoblaster, Milominderbinder2, Melab-1, CalumCook234, Download, C933103, Fiftyquid, DaveChild, Oscaroe, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Themfromspace, Ptbotgourou, Oicur0t, Ffooxx 2006,
Paraplegicemu, AnomieBOT, Efa, Lun Esex, Materialscientist, Aleph Innity, LilHelpa, Xqbot, MewMeowth, Viking90, Melmann, Solphusion~enwiki, Rogernightman, Mikopet, A Quest For Knowledge, Over shown badn, Wamp wamp, Richard BB, FrescoBot, Erimaxbau,
Cdw1952, Bgkwtnyqhzor, Stichbury, OgreBot, Enterprise12, Jonesey95, Spidermario, Xcvista, RedBot, Tahir mq, Serols, Ramma314,
Ocexyz, Rzsor, Xxcom9a, Leyth, 9point6, Nekohan, Nemesis of Reason, Aoidh, David Hedlund, Reaper Eternal, Franek C, Jaz246,
Pabloalmeida9, Shankarnikhil88, Mean as custard, RjwilmsiBot, Bounce1337, NerdyScienceDude, Binoyjsdk, LifeH2O, EmausBot, John
of Reading, Interframe, WikitanvirBot, Mjdtjm, Dewritech, GoingBatty, Megarhythm, Dcirovic, Werieth, IBoy2G, Ham1000, ZroBot,
John Cline, Josve05a, Haikal-Heine, Allforrous, Hopbit, Sbliman, Immunmotbluescreen, Onyxqk, Wikitrke, Bernhardegen, EvenGreenerFish, Bomazi, Samjack91, Evan-Amos, Quake44, FeatherPluma, 28bot, Stekse, ClueBot NG, Sam4others, Wave4, Hempanicker, MA
LpezMolina, This lousy T-shirt, Kotiyanimr, YuMaNuMa, Macungie, Jad73994, Aurora317, Solanki.3108, Widr, PXUmais, Zarinfam,
TheWikiAuthor, Novusuna, Mc nacho, Hypon888, BG19bot, Virtualerian, Wasbeer, M0rphzone, Kndimov, Ipal64, Mr left, J123u, True
Tech Talk Time, ItsMeOrYou, MusikAnimal, Danbob999, Braccol, Elucches, WinampLlama, Mark Arsten, Stephans88, Virtualmichael,
Compfreak7, Gnaphosa, Aldwaik, 0v192, Yowanvista, RP.CS11, Thewikimonkey, NotWith, Morning Sunshine, Frederik Blem Vigold,
Ecnepsnai, BattyBot, XtremeFanatic, Pratyya Ghosh, OliverHector, Manuel.nas, ChrisGualtieri, Khazar2, Smartmo, 12Danny123, Nozomimous, Lumialover, Greenoaks, 12Daanny123, Lugia2453, Eprillios, User0010, Rajraowiki, Davidalexmartin, Thiru56668, Doenertir, Me, Myself, and I are Here, Nyssen, Ekips39, TheSanderGamer, Davidkmartin, TheFrog001, Lemnaminor, Xgiel, Jamesmcmahon0,
Melonkelon, Arthurhkt, Avianoutremont, Jjcsc300, Krokakis, Blythwood, Isabelgrobler, Comp.arch, Outtheremen, Kiranrs143, Kohelet,
Podiaebba, Semsi Paco Virchow, Jianhui67, Aswinantony, Mypramod, Mandarlive100, JaconaFrere, Lovejeetsing, Cscompsci, Odika
chinedu, Sreerag Sanilkumar, 22merlin, GadgetsGuy, AmericanDadKing33, Klloydh, Prymshbmg, Arthurhkt7, Joshguevarra2001, Tacoman3005, Cabral88, Wikigeek244, HMSLavender, MRD2014, Patilashvin46, Nelsonkam, KH-1, ChamithN, Vernieuwer, Dorivaldo de
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Jatinbansal1998, Amoon ahmed, Dinnypaul, Jay1818, TechnoSparks, Simon Vansuyt, Fi kari.mattsson, Pankaj jswl, Lukatte, TheBeastdot,
Ali.dandachi, WannaBeEditor, Mitchlindgren, GregK123, Painkiller00, BRPever, Aminalalif, Moha mohamuud, , Hahaha09821, 3r1ccc, SilverplateDelta, Full Rune, Techwikiwitty, Sri sridhar1919, Therealeditor345, TheKiteGuy, Moamalali, Zezoaltlesi,
Anjum123123, Tengku syaiedy, Sagar1829 and Anonymous: 701

8.2

Images

File:Gartner,_World-wide_smartphone_sales_(milions_of_units).png Source:
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Gartner%2C_World-wide_smartphone_sales_%28milions_of_units%29.png License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 Contributors:
by LibreOce 5 Calc
Original artist:
Efa
File:MobileOS_market_share_till_2014_Q2.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/MobileOS_market_
share_till_2014_Q2.png License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Efa2
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http://developer.android.com/distribute/promote/device-art.html, combined with personal screenshot of a Nexus 5X on Android 6.0
Marshmallow. Original artist: developer.android.com
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Smartphone_Sales.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Smartmo
File:World_Wide_Smartphone_Sales_Share.png Source:
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Smartphone_Sales_Share.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Smartmo

8.3

Content license

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