General Multiple Choice 30

1. When measuring arc voltage, where should the measuring instrument be connected?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Across the terminals on the power source

Across the arc and as near as practical to the arc
Across the power source positive terminal and earth cable
It does not matter - anywhere in the circuit

2. Which of the following cannot be detected by penetrant testing?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Surface breaking planar flaws

Undercut
Buried planar flaws
Non-planar surface flaws

3. On inspecting a completed weld which has Charpy impact requirements some small
smooth, shallow areas of undercut have been found < 0.25mm deep. The welder says he
can quickly put this right by depositing a thin narrow bead along the undercut. In this
situation would you?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Agree to go ahead with no preheat as the weld is so small

Agree to go ahead with the same preheat as the original weld
Agree to go ahead with a preheat 50C above original.
Only allow the welder to cosmetically blend out the undercut.

4. As the energy of an X-ray set is increased the:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Penetrating power will increase.

Image quality will be higher.
More explosive time will be needed
Wave length of the energy will be longer

5. Using a stabilised stainless steel will reduce the risk of:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Excessive distortion
Weld decay
Formation of iron-sulphides
Sour service cracking

6. Which of the following welding processes would you expect to give the highest heat
input when using typical parameters?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Shielded metal arc welding

Manual metal arc welding
Submerged arc welding
Tungsten inert gas welding

7. An electrode is classified to BS EN 499 as E 35 3 B. What does 35 signify?

A.
B.
C.
D.

350N/mm2 yield strength

35 Joules @ -30C
35N/mm2 tensile strength
35ksi tensile strength

8. Which of the following MMA electrode types is generally only suitable for welding in the
PA and PB positions?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Basic
Cellulosic
Rutile
Iron Powder

9. Which of the following materials is most susceptible to hydrogen cracking?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Low carbon steel.

Austenitic stainless steel.
High strength low alloy steel.
Aluminium

10. For MMA welding, arc voltage is controlled by the:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Open circuit voltage control

Arc length
Power source giving out a constant voltage.
Electrode polarity

11. If the maximum inter pass temperature is exceeded in a carbon manganese butt weld,
what would be affected most.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Hardness
Toughness
Fusion
Penetration

12. Weldments in carbon manganese steels made using a higher than specified heat input
may show: A.
B.
C.
D.

Higher integrity
Lower distortion
Lower toughness
Higher hardness

13. What level of diffusible hydrogen, per 100/gr of deposited weld metal, is classed as a
low hydrogen electrode when using Manual Metal Arc (MMA/SMAW) Welding
consumables?
A.
B.
C.
D.

>90ml
<15ml
>35 but less than <60
It depend on the heat input

14. In MIG/MAG welding, which one of these gas mixtures is used for welding carbon
manganese steels?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Argon
Nitrogen
Helium
Argon/Carbon Dioxide

15. Which polarity is normally used for GTAW welding of aluminium?

A.
B.
C.
D.

AC
DC electrode negative
DC electrode positive
It would make little difference which was used

16. The term probe relates to which of the following NDT processes?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Radiography
Magnetic particle
Ultrasonic
Fluorescent particle

17. An MMA electrode which is classified as an E6013 (according to AWS 5.1) is a:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Basic type
Cellulosic type
Rutile type
Thick coated iron powder type

18. Which one of these electrodes has the highest recovery rate?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Rutile
Cellulosic
Basic
Iron Powder

19. Which of the following heating methods would not be allowed for PWHT?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Electrical resistance mats

Hand held gas torch
Gas fired furnace
Induction heating

20. An MMA electrode is designated as an E 42 0 R type, according to BS EN 499, what does

42 indicate?
A. 40 Joules at a test temperature of -20C
B. 420 N/mm2 yield strength
C. 42% elongation
D. 42 N/mm2 tensile strength
21. What is meant by the term duty cycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.

How long a welder can weld for in a given period

The amount of time the electrode is being used
The amount of time a welding machine can be used
The amount of electricity being consumed

22. Why is post weld heat treatment carried out?

A.
B.
C.
D.

To reduce residual stress

Reduce stress raisers
To reduce distortion
Welding times are faster and cost effective

23. What element may cause a carbon steel weld to suffer from "hot shortness"?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Silicon
Martensite
Manganese
Sulphur

24. When all weld imperfections have been located, it is mandatory that:
A.
B.
C.
D.

They are repaired

The weld is rejected
The welder's qualification certificates are reviewed
Imperfections are assessed against code requirements

25. Overlap at the toe in a butt weld made by MAG welding, may be caused by:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Shielding gas flow rate being too low

Torch angle being incorrect
Root gap being too small
Using DC +ve polarity

26. Which welding process is often associated with Solidification cracking?

A.
B.
C.
D.

MMA
FCAW
SAW
TIG

27. Ultraviolet and infrared radiation, produced during arc welding, may:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Make arc striking easier

Be used for weld testing
Increase the welding speed
Cause skin burns

28. Which of the following statements is NOT correct when referring to fully austenitic
stainless steels?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It can be susceptible to solidification cracking

Stainless steel tooling should be used where possible
It has a low coefficient of thermal expansion
It is non-magnetic

29. An incompletely filled groove is also known as:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Root concavity
Lack of penetration
Under-fill
Incomplete root penetration

30. Which of the following standards is concerned with welder approval?

A.
B.
C.
D.

BS EN 499
BS EN 288
BS EN 22553
BS EN 287

Technology Multiple Choice 60

1. What does the term WPQR mean?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Weld productivity quality review

Weld production quality requirements
Welding procedure qualification record
Work production quantity review.

2. Who should have access to the WPQRs?

A.
B.
C.
D.

NDT operators.
Inspectors only.
Welders only.
Welding engineer.

3. Who is responsible for site safety?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Site engineer
Welding supervisor
An approved inspector
Everyone

4. How are the lengths of tack welds during assembly and fit up determined?
A.
B.
C.
D.

By the welders as they have extensive knowledge

The fabrication specification will give minimum tack length requirements
The fabrication drawing will give all the information
Any length of tack weld will do for assembly

5. Prior to commencing production welding using the MAG (GMAW) you notice the earth
clamp is in a very poor condition, what would you do?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Nothing
Insist the welder have it replaced before commencing welding
It will not affect the welding so wait until it eventually melts off then have it replaced
It will be OK for welding but ensure that nobody touches it because they may get burnt

6. How is preheat for tack welds during assembly and fit up determined?
A.
B.
C.
D.

By the welders as they have extensive knowledge

The fabrication specification/WPS will give the requirements
The fabrication drawing will give all the information
Any temperature will do as it is only a tack weld

7. Which BS EN standard is used for welding symbols on drawings?

A.
B.
C.
D.

BS EN 970.
BS EN 287.
BS EN 22553.
BS EN 4515.

8. Who determines what the correct weld preparation (root gap, root face, included angle)
should be?
A.
B.
C.
D.

The welding engineer

The welding supervisor
The welder will decide
The inspector will recommend what is suitable

9. Which of the following would you not need to check in a welding consumable store?
A.
B.
C.
D.

The oven temperatures

Quarantined consumables
Calibration of the ovens
The humidity

10. Which is the most accurate method of ensuring that the correct preheat is applied?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Measure it with heat sensitive crayons (tempilsticks)

Using a calibrated digital thermometer
Using heat treatment equipment with thermocouples attached and a chart recorder
Temperature measuring paint

11. Which of the following welds may be made in an open corner joint?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Plug weld.
Butt weld.
Fillet weld.
Any of the above.

12. When would you measure the interpass temperature?

A. The highest temperature recorded in the welded joint immediately prior to depositing
the next run
B. Immediately prior to commencing the first pass
C. When the welding is complete
D. Only required if the heat input is lower than that specified in WPS
13. The term O.C.V means:A.
B.
C.
D.

On current voltage
Open current voltage
Open circuit voltage
Ordinary current voltage

14. The welders have increased the electrode stickout length of the SAW set, what would be
the effect on the weld?
A.
B.
C.
D.

No effect.
The weld width would be narrower.
Penetration will be increased.
The deposition rate would be greater

15. What is the maximum OCV allowable to initiate an arc when using AC current?
A.
B.
C.
D.

1000V
10V
90V
900V

16. You notice the welders are adjusting the current on the welding set, is this allowable?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Never.
The welder has the final say on voltage and current.
Only if the current is within the range recorded on the WPS.
As long as the welder has approval from the welding foreman.

17. Is it permissible to allow welding to be carried out in bad weather?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Never
Yes as long as there is adequate protection from the poor weather conditions
Yes as long as basic low hydrogen welding electrodes are used
Yes as long as the welder is prepared to work in the rain

18. Who has the responsibility of ensuring the welder is using the correct polarity during
welding?
A.
B.
C.
D.

The welder and the welding Inspector

Store man and the welder
Welding Engineer
The Q/A department

19. You have noticed several times that a certain welder is having his welds rejected due to
poor cap profile, what course of action would you take?
A.
B.
C.
D.

None
None as long as they pass the radiography
Dismiss the welder
Suggest a period of retraining followed by a requalification test

20. Who should select the specific welds for NDT, to cover the 10% contractual percentage
required by the specification/Code?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Anyone can select the welds as its just a random choice

The welder as he knows which welds are likely to produce the least defects
This will be referenced in the inspection and test plan
Nobody, as welding is always carried out to a high standard the use of percentage NDT
is of no real value

21. Why is it essential to clean the surrounding parent metal adjacent to the weld metal
made by MMA (SMAW) which is to be ultrasonically tested?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Sound waves will not travel through paint

Remove any rust.
The spatter will impede the contact of the probe and the parent material surface.
Spatter will reflect the backwall echo signal and give spurious indications.

22. You find several unacceptable welds and reject them, the welding supervisor insists they
are acceptable, he signs them off and requests NDT, what action would you take?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Nothing as he is a welding supervisor and knows a great deal about welding

Raise the issue with the QC department supervisor.
It is not my problem as he has signed them off so I will not be blamed.
Look at the NDT results and if they look reasonable I would accept them.

23. After PWHT, it has been noticed that a repair must be carried o u t . How should this be
done?
A.
B.
C.
D.

With the minimum amount of heat input.

Welded, checked and PWHT again.
Defect removed via non-thermal process then checked.
Welded and allowed to cool in air.

24. After welding sometimes the removal of residual stresses are carried out by heat
treatment. What is the typical heating range?
A.
B.
C.
D.

450C
550C-700C
700C-800C
850C-1000C

25. Why is it essential to clean the weld area on completion of the production weld?
A.
B.
C.
D.

So it can be ready for painting

To remove any rust
To ensure it is suitably clean for visual inspection and NDT
To remove slag from the undercut

26. What is the recommended minimum range of illumination required by EN Standards for
inspection of a welded surface?
A.
B.
C.
D.

90-125 lux
150-250 lux
350-500 lux
35-50 lux

27. Why would visual inspection of the excess weld metal at the bottom of a cross country
pipeline be important?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is the most difficult area to weld

It is the dirtiest part of the pipe as it is near the ground
Welders always forget to weld the bottom
It is the most difficult area to radiograph

28. Who has the final responsibility of sentencing and accepting a weld on completion?
A.
B.
C.
D.

The contractor's inspector

Site manager
The welder
The client's inspector or certifying authority

29. You find out that the contractor has carried out radiography as per the 10% contractual
percentage required by the specification/Code. The specification also insists that an
additional 2 welds are radiographed for every weld that has failed. One of the pipe
spools had an unacceptable defect which the contractor has ignored and radiographed
another weld in its place which is acceptable, what would your course of action be?
A. As long as the other radiographed butt weld is acceptable its OK as the 10% contractual
percentage required by the specification/Code has been satisfied
B. This is usual practice as 10% NDT is not really important
C. Review the original failed weld and insist that they have the additional 2 welds
radiographed
D. Review the original failed weld and have it repaired, radiographed, then I would insist
that they have an additional 2 welds radiographed

30. To assess the surface of a weld for direct inspection, the distance from the surface to
the eye should be a maximum of?
A.
B.
C.
D.

200mm
600mm
60mm
6000mm

31. During post weld heat treatment what is the sequence for the PWHT chart?
A. Restricted heating rate, soak time, unrestricted cooling rate
B. Unrestricted heating rate, restricted heating rate, soak time, restricted cooling rate,
unrestricted cooling rate
C. Unrestricted heating rate, soak time, restricted cooling rate
D. Restricted heating rate, unrestricted heating rate, soak time, restricted cooling rate,
unrestricted cooling rate
32. A butt weld has been made by MMA in a 50mm thick impact tested steel plate. The
welding electrode used was a basic type, 5mm diameter. The measured welding
parameters for one of the runs was 220 amps, 21 volts, using DC+ve polarity, and a ROL
of 270mm per min. What would be the arc energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Insufficient information given to calculate the arc energy

1,54kJ/mm
1,026kJ/mm
2.82kJ/mm

33. A typical minimum OCV requirement for MMA (111) using either rutile or cellulosic
electrodes would be:
A.
B.
C.
D.

40 Volts
120 Volts
100 Volts
50 Volts

34. When welding medium carbon steel plates over 120mm in thickness would the basic
electrodes require any pre-treatment before use?
A.
B.
C.
D.

None if they were in a vacuum pack

None if they were used In a factory
Heat to 500 for 2 hours if used outside
Baked at 150C for 4 hours prior to use

35. What is the main purpose of the pre and post flow function on a TIG welding machine?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Avoid Tungsten electrode contamination

Cool the weld during solidification
Give the welder time to adjust to welding conditions
Purge the gas line

36. A butt weld was produced in a 40mm steel plate; the electrode type was basic and the
diameter 4mm. The welding parameters used for one of the welding runs was 190
amps, 24 volts and a ROL of 120mm/min. What is the arc energy for that weld run?
A.
B.
C.
D.

1.91KJ per mm
0.98KJ per mm
2.28KJ per mm
Not enough information to calculate arc energy

37. An advantage of the MMA (111) welding process is that it:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Has higher current density than SAW (121) welding

Has a very large range of consumables for most welding applications
No core wire is lost during the process
Requires a lower skill level than other manual forms of welding

38. If the torch was trailing when using the MIG/MAG process, which of the following
appearances of the weld is most likely to be observed during visual inspection?
A.
B.
C.
D.

No undercut and shallow penetration

Severe undercut and deep penetration
Moderate undercut and penetration
Minimum undercut and excess weld metal

39. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the radiographic method of NDT?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Access to both sides of the welded joint is required

The process cannot be used on large grained metals
Gamma ray radiography is not very portable
Gamma ray radiography is limited to 25mm thickness in steels

40. Which of the following inspection points is most critical in affecting arc conditions
during the spray transfer MAG welding (135) process?
A.
B.
C.
D.

All electrical connections and contacts

Gas flow rate
Inductance settings
Electrode coating type

41. With which of the following NDE processes will BEST detect internal lack of side wall
fusion on a MAG (GMAW) weld
A.
B.
C.
D.

Visual
Dye penetrant
Ultrasonics
Radiography

42. Lamellar tearing can be detected by which of the following NDE methods?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Radiography
Ultrasonics
Eddy current
MPI using AC

43. With the DPI method of inspection, after the contact time has elapsed the dye should be
removed by:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Spraying the surface with the remover till all dye has gone then wipe with a clean cloth
Spraying with the developer then wiping with a cloth
Wipe clean, using a lint free cloth soaked in a solvent remover
It doesn't matter how it is done as long as all traces of dye are removed

44. One of the advantages of ultrasonic inspection in relation to radiographic testing, is:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Access is only required from one side of the component being tested
The designated work area must be closed off by barriers, therefore safety is increased
Thin materials can be easily examined
A permanent image of the defect can be obtained

45. Half life is a term used to describe

A.
B.
C.
D.

The penetrating ability a gamma source

Half the total time a gamma source will be useful
The time taken for the gamma source to reduce its strength by half
The rate of decay of an X-ray tube

46. What is the greatest advantage of radiographic inspection over ultrasonics inspection
A.
B.
C.
D.

Can be done anywhere

Can give you a three dimensional image of the imperfection
Can be used on any material
Equipment is cheaper to purchase

47. What is the greatest disadvantage of radiographic inspection?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Its inability to size defects accurately

The physical size of the equipment
The skill level of the operators
The harmful effects of ionising radiation

48. A 300mm diameter pipe, 10mm wall thickness is to be radiographed using the double
wall single image technique. The source to be used is Iridium. Which of the following
statements is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It should not be done as the thickness is below that recommended

It would be better to use a cobalt 60 source in this instance
There is no problem with the technique
Only the double wall, double image technique should be used with Iridium

49. While inspecting a weld on a 100mm thick high carbon steel plate with a tolerance of
5mm you notice the weld is visually acceptable, however the parent material has
several arc strikes present adjacent to the weld approximately 3mm deep, what course
of action would you take?
A.
B.
C.
D.

None I am only inspecting the weld

Recommend that the area be dressed smooth
Recommend that the area be dressed smooth followed by MPI
High carbon steel is not susceptible to cracking so I would weld over the arc strikes then
blend them

50. Which of the following could be used to minimise the occurrence of solidification cracks
in steels welds?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Increase sulphur levels to a minimum of 0.5%.

Reduce the dilution into the base metal
Increase carbon content in the weld metal
Reduce the manganese content in the weld metal

51. Lamellar tears in steel weldments may only be formed when:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Using deep penetration welding processes (high current density)

High levels of stresses act in the short transverse direction in the steel
Martensite has formed in the weld HAZ
Low melting point iron sulphide (FeS) has formed in the fusion zone

52. In a heavy plate fabrication where S is residual @ 0,3%, which may cause problems in
the welded joint, additions of Mn may be added to prevent.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Laminations in the plate through thickness

Stress corrosion cracks
Manganese sulphides (MnS)
Solidification cracking

53. Sensitisation is a term applied to the formation of which intermetallic compound at the
grain boundaries in the HAZ of austenitic stainless steels?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Chromium carbide
Titanium carbide
Niobium carbide
Molybdenum carbide

54. For the structure termed martensite to form in a C-Mn steel it must first be heated to:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Just below its lower critical temperature and rapidly cooled

A maximum temperature of 550C then rapidly cooled
Above its upper critical temperature and slowly furnace cooled
A full transformation to austenite then rapidly cooled

55. Which of the following processes is most prone to solidification cracks?

A.
B.
C.
D.

MMA with basic coated electrodes

MMA with rutile coated electrodes
TIG
SAW

56. Lamellar tearing is a problem in steels which is always associated with

A.
B.
C.
D.

Sensitisation in the HAZ

Low through thickness ductility
Hydrogen levels above 15ml/1 OOg of weld metal
Rapid cooling from above the upper critical

57. Preheats are used on steel joints of high hardenability mainly to:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Slow the cooling rate of the steel

Remove surface moisture from the joint
Reduce the formation of surface oxides
Increase the diffusion rate of hydrogen into the HAZ

58. A solidification crack normally occurs where?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Through the HAZ

Longitudinal through the weld centre line
Transverse through the weld
Can occur anywhere

59. A medium carbon steel weld should be inspected:A.

B.
C.
D.

As soon as it is safe to do so
When the welder is finished
48 hours after completion
After NDT examination

60. During visual inspection, magnification is sometimes used, what is the maximum level?
A.
B.
C.
D.

5 - 1 0 times
2 - 5 times
4 - 6 times
The more magnification the better