WS_FTP Pro

Users Guide
Software Version 7.0

Ipswitch, Inc.

Ipswitch, Inc.
81 Hartwell Ave
Lexington, MA 02421-3127

Phone: 781-676-5700
Fax:
781-676-5710
Web: http://www.ipswitch.com

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a
commitment by Ipswitch, Inc. While every effort has been made to assure the accuracy of the information contained herein, Ipswitch, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions.
Ipswitch, Inc. assumes no liability for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in
this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in
accordance with the terms of that license.
Copyright 2001 by Ipswitch, Inc. All rights reserved. IPing, the IPing logo, WS_FTP, the WS_FTP
logos, Ipswitch, and the Ipswitch logo are trademarks of Ipswitch, Inc. Other products or company
names are or may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are the property of their respective companies.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system, or transferred
without the expressed prior written consent of Ipswitch, Inc.

Printing History
May 1996
December 1996
July 1997
February 1998
October 1998
May 2000
June 2001

First Edition
Second Edition
Third Edition
Fourth Edition
Fifth Edition
Sixth Edition
Seventh Edition

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Why FTP? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
How FTP Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
New in WS_FTP Version 7.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
System Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Installing WS_FTP Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Logging Onto an FTP Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Interfaces for Windows 95, 98, 2000, ME and NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
The Classic Interface of WS_FTP Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Explorer Interface of WS_FTP Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Browser Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Other Ipswitch WS_FTP Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
WS_FTP Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
WS_FTP Pro Development Kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Getting Updates and Giving Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Uninstalling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Accessibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Chapter 2: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Making your First Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Connection Dialog Toolbar and Buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Connection Dialog Boxes and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Transferring a file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
WS_FTP Pro Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Anonymous Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Using the Help System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Chapter 3: Transferring Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Ways to Transfer Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Using the Transfer Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Drag and Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Copy and Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Batch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Using the Transfer Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Transfer Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Passive Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Chapter 4: Managing Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Viewing and Navigating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Working with Files and Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Click and Drag for Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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Changing the Permissions for UNIX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Background Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Chapter 5: Explorer Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Using the Explorer Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Configuring a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Making a Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Transferring Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Chapter 6: WS_FTP Transfer Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
What is the Transfer Manager? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Transfer Manager Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Transfers Manager Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Request Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Log Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Chapter 7: SSL Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
What is SSL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
How to make an SSL connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Client Certificate Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Generating a Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Selecting a Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Trusted Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Adding a Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Exporting a Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Removing a Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Non-Trusted Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Chapter 8: Synchronizing Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
A Word of Caution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Using the Synchronize Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Exclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Using the Synchronize Utility from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Chapter 9: The Find Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Using the Find Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Using the Search Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Finding a File When You Are Not Sure of Its Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Finding a File Modified During a Specific Time Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Finding a File in a Particular Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Finding a File Smaller Than a Certain Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
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Chapter 10: Scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Using Scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Writing and Debugging Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Executing Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Executing a Script from the Command Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Running a Script from the Scripting Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Chapter 11: Scheduler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Using the Scheduler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Adding a Script to the Scheduler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Updating a Web Site on a Nightly Basis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 12: Using Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Multiple Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Firewall Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Configuring a Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Using a Configured Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 13: Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Basic Command Line Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Site Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Transfer Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Transfer Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
File Transfer Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Uploading Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Downloading Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Transferring multiple files from the same location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Converting File Names to Lower Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
File Transfer Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Transferring Files with Spaces in the File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Enclosing the Command Line in Quotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Using the MS-DOS Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Using a Batch File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Multiple Folders or Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Pre-scheduled Transfers (Automated Transfers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Transferring a Folder Containing Subfolders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Using a Site Profile with a Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Extras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Appendix A: FireScript Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
What is a FireScript? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
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FireScript Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
The fwsc Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
The Comment Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
The Script Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
The Connection Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
The FireScript Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
FireScript Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
String Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Function Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
FireScript Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Switch Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Case Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Examples of Case Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Jumps and Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Autodetect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
SSL Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
FireScript Key Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
FireScript reserved words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
FireScript statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
FireScript intrinsic functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
FireScript intrinsic variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Appendix B: Textual Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Blocking call canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Cannot create file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Cant get xxx host entry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Cant set guest privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Connection refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Directory identifier unavailable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Disk quota exceeded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Failed data channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
File too large to download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Illegal port command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Invalid page fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Logon failure; Quitting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
MDTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Port command failed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
User access denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

vi

Contents
WS_FTP Pro

Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter offers an introduction to WS_FTP Pro, a brief
description of File Transfer Protocol, system requirements, the
installation procedure, information about software updates, and
instructions for giving feedback to Ipswitch, Inc.

Why FTP?
Using This Book
The WS_FTP Users Guide
is a resource you should
use to familiarize yourself
with the different features
of WS_FTP Version 7.0.

A vast store of software applications, games, images, and other types

of files are available on FTP sites all over the world. An FTP site is a
computer system (host) that uses an Internet protocol called FTP,
File Transfer Protocol. FTP offers fast and accurate transfer of large
files or collections of files between computers on the Internet.
Many Web sites on the World Wide Web (which is based on another
Internet protocol called HTTP) also provide links to files you can
download -- that is, copy to your PC. Especially for large files,
WS_FTP Pro will speed up the time it takes to copy such files to your
PC. For more information, see Browser Integration on page 6.
WS_FTP Pro also allows you to upload files -- that is, copy files from
your PC to other computers. For example, you would upload files if
you need to place your Web pages on a computer system designated
by your ISP (Internet Service Provider), or if you want to store a
picture of something you want to sell through an online auction site.

How FTP Works

File Transfer Protocol uses the clientserver model: one computer (the
FTP Host) runs a server program serving up information to other
computers. The other computers run client programs requesting
information and receiving replies from the server.
WS_FTP Pro turns your PC into an FTP client, allowing it to
communicate with virtually all types of FTP sites. When your PC is
connected to the Internet (via a modem or local area network),
WS_FTP Pro can connect to any system that has a valid Internet
Address and contains an FTP server program. Once connected to an
FTP site, you can download files, upload files, and copy files from
one FTP site to another.
Introduction
WS_FTP Pro

FTP site A

FTP site B

Your PC

New in WS_FTP Version 7.0

Redesigned interface.

Explorer interface is no longer tightly integrated with Windows

Explorer but navigation remains similar for familiarity.

New Wizard interface for adding new sites. (Classic and

Explorer)

Improved firewall support, allows scripting of custom firewall

types.

Transfer Manager allows pausing, restarting, scheduling and

deleting transfers.

Multiple transfers can be executed simultaneously or

sequentially.

Scheduler interface uses Windows scheduler to schedule transfers

for future execution.

URL bar in Classic allows a user to connect to an FTP site with

minimal effort.

New button bar in Classic allows quick access to common

functions.

System Requirements
WS_FTP Pro requires the following system resources:

Users Guide
WS_FTP Pro

An Intel 386, 486, or Pentium processor

Windows 95, 98, 2000, ME or NT

Internet Explorer 4.02 or newer (does not have to be your default

browser)

Installing WS_FTP Pro

If you are upgrading from a
previous version of
WS_FTP Pro, or replacing
an evaluation version, be
sure to install the
purchased version in the
same location as your
previous or evaluation
version.

The installation of WS_FTP Pro is the same for new users, those who
are upgrading from a previous version of WS_FTP Pro, and those who
are replacing an evaluation version with a purchased version.
To install WS_FTP Pro from a downloaded file:
1

Double-click the file you downloaded. (ftpproec.exe)

Follow the directions on your screen.

To install WS_FTP Pro from a CD-ROM:

You can install both the

Classic and Explorer
interfaces and use them
interchangeably.
The two interfaces can
share the FTP site
configurations you create
in either interface.

If you already have a previous version of WS_FTP Pro on your

system, make sure you are not running the application (either
Classic or Explorer).

Insert the WS_FTP Pro CD-ROM into a CD-ROM drive.

If the CD-ROM does not automatically display a Welcome

screen, click the Start button and select Run.

Enter the CD-ROM drive letter followed by autorun. For

example: d:autorun

Follow the instructions on your screen.

Please refer to the file named whatsnew.txt or relnotes.txt for

information regarding enhancements or changes that may have been
made to the software since this manual was printed.

Logging Onto an FTP Site

The FTP process begins when a connection is made between an FTP
client and an FTP site. After establishing communication, the client
logs on with a user ID and password. The user ID and password
identify you to the site.

Introduction
WS_FTP Pro

Most public FTP sites are set up with an Anonymous account: when
you connect to one of these FTP sites, you need only identify yourself
as Anonymous and use an email address as a password. Normally,
when you log on anonymously, you see a public folder (usually
named something like /pub or /apps) containing the information and
software that can be downloaded to your PC. (Access to other folders
on the site is usually restricted.)

On anonymous FTP sites, look for files called readme, readme.txt,

index, or 00index. Many sites use a file like this to provide a catalog of
the information available on the site as well as other information
about the site, such as a mission statement or operating hours.
In addition, an FTP site administrator can give certain users
accounts with special permissions. For example, a user with an
account may be able to upload, download, delete, and edit files: while
an anonymous user can usually only download files. To log on to a
site on which you have an account, you will need to enter the Host
Name, User ID, and Password that the site administrator has assigned
to your account.

Interfaces for Windows 95, 98, 2000, ME and NT

WS_FTP Pro provides two user interfaces: the Classic user interface,
which runs as a standard Windows application, and the Explorer
interface, which has the look of Windows Explorer.

Users Guide
WS_FTP Pro

The Classic Interface of WS_FTP Pro

The Classic interface is a standard Windows application that looks
similar to a two-paned window. When your PC (the Local System)
connects to an FTP server (the Remote System), the WS_FTP Pro
Classic interface displays a window with your PCs files and folders
on the left and the FTP sites files and folders on the right. With the
contents of both systems displayed, you can easily locate files on one
system and transfer them to a specific folder on the other system. The
Classic interface looks similar to this:
The current folder
on the FTP site
is shown under
the words
Remote System.

The current folder

on your PC is
shown under
the words
Local System.

This list box

shows the files
and folders in the
current folder on
the FTP site.

This list box

shows the files
and folders in
the current local
folder.

The buttons to the right of each list box provide file and folder
operations for that list box.
The Explorer Interface of WS_FTP Pro
The second interface of WS_FTP Pro is the Explorer interface. The
Explorer interface uses the same software engine as the Classic
interface, but it lets you copy and move files within a system that has
the same look and feel as Windows Explorer.

Introduction
WS_FTP Pro

The WS_FTP Pro Explorer interface looks similar to one of the

following:
The appearance of the Explorer
window is determined by your View
menu options.
Explorer interface

Files and
folders in the
current folder

Browser Integration
Browser Integration is
NOT compatible with
Netscape 6.

You can set up WS_FTP Pro Classic so that it automatically handles

FTP URLs when you click them in your browser or in an e-mail
message. (A URL, Uniform Resource Locator, is an Internet address
describing an Internet resource. For example, the Web URL for the
Ipswitch web site is http://www.ipswitch.com/; the FTP URL for the
FTP site of WS_FTP Pro Patches is ftp://ftp.ipswitch.com.)
WS_FTP Pro handles FTP URLs as follows:

Users Guide
WS_FTP Pro

If the URL is the name of an FTP server, such as

ftp.ipswitch.com, WS_FTP Pro handles the URL by starting
the Classic interface of WS_FTP Pro and connecting to the site.

If the URL includes the path and name of a file, such as

ftp.ipswitch.com/French/ftp605F.txt, WS_FTP Pro attempts to
download the file to your PC, and prompts you for a location to
save or execute the file.

If the URL includes the path and name of a folder (and not a file),
such as ftp.ipswitch.com/French, WS_FTP Pro handles the
URL by starting the Classic interface, connecting to the site, and
navigating to the folder.

To turn on Browser Integration:

1

Select Browser Integration from the Tools menu.

If you use Netscape Navigator and want WS_FTP Pro to handle

FTP URLs, select the first check box.

If you use Microsoft Internet Explorer and want WS_FTP Pro to

handle FTP URLs, select the second check box.

If you want to be prompted each time you click an FTP URL so

you can choose whether or not to use WS_FTP Pro, select Ask
before using WS_FTP.

Other Ipswitch WS_FTP Products

WS_FTP Server and the WS_FTP Pro Development Kit can be
purchased separately at www.ipswitch.com.
WS_FTP Server
The WS_FTP Server is a full-featured, secure (using SSL) FTP server
for Windows NT/2000 systems. WS_FTP server lets you create an
FTP site that makes files and folders on your PC available to other
users. WS_FTP Server offers many features not found in most
commercial servers today, including automatic resumption of
interrupted transfers.

Introduction
WS_FTP Pro

WS_FTP Pro Development Kit

You can develop custom applications using the WS_FTP Pro
Development Kit. It lets you create programs to work with WS_FTP
Pro for transferring files to or from FTP sites or between FTP sites.
The Development Kit lets you create an FTP application without
being concerned with the intricacies of network programming.

Getting Updates and Giving Feedback

Ipswitch frequently makes patches and upgrades available on
our Web site. For the latest version information, please visit
www.ipswitch.com.
To access upgrades on the Ipswitch FTP site:
1

In the WS_FTP Pro window, click the Connect button.

In the Connection dialog box, open the Ipswitch

folder and select the site named WS_FTP Pro Patches.

Click Connect. WS_FTP Pro connects to the

WS_FTP Pro folder.

Select the desired patch file; the last three digits of the file name
indicate the version number. For example, wsftp606.exe is the
patch file to update earlier versions to WS_FTP Pro 6.06. Read
the accompanying text file (for example, wsftp606.txt) to verify
that you have located the correct file.

Transfer the patch file and place it in a folder other than your
WS_FTP Pro folder or your Windows Temp folder. To update the
software, double-click the patch file and follow the instructions.

To access patches on the Ipswitch Web site:

Users Guide
WS_FTP Pro

In your Web browser, go to: http://www.ipswitch.com

Click the Service & Support link at the top right of the
Web page.

Click Patches and Upgrades, and then click the link for the
product.

Save the patch file in a folder other than your WS_FTP Pro
folder or your Windows Temp folder.

Run the patch file to update the software.

We welcome your feedback on WS_FTP Pro. Please email any

comments and suggestions to [email protected].

Uninstalling
The uninstall function can remove all files associated with WS_FTP
Pro from your PC, including your configured sites. It also removes the
WS_FTP Pro Explorer icon from your desktop.
To uninstall WS_FTP Pro:
1

Click the Start button and select Programs -> WS_FTP Pro
Uninstall.

When prompted, choose WS_FTP Pro Uninstall.

Follow the onscreen instructions to uninstall WS_FTP Pro.

Accessibility
WS_FTP Pro is designed for use by all computer users, including
those with certain disabilities that make using a mouse impossible.
Every operation and feature included in WS_FTP Pro has a shortcut
key, or series of keystrokes that allow the user to use their keyboard to
execute the command.
The image below shows the WS_FTP Button bar:

Notice that each of the button labels have a letter that is underlined.
To access the command performed by the button, hold the Alt key on
your keyboard and press the underlined letter on the button you want
to use. For example, Alt + C will disconnect you from the current FTP
site, and Alt +X will close the program.

Introduction
WS_FTP Pro

10

Users Guide
WS_FTP Pro

Chapter 2: Getting Started

This chapter describes how to get started using WS_FTP Pro. The two
main windows are mapped out for you, and in the sidebar are step-bystep instructions on the basic functions of WS_FTP Pro.

How to...
Make your first
connection:

Making your First Connection

The first time WS_FTP Pro is run, the Classic Interface opens with the
Connection dialog box displayed.

Before you make your first

connection, you need to create a
site profile for that FTP server.
1. From the Connection dialog,
select the folder you want to
create the site profile in.
2. Click the New Site icon in the
Toolbar.
3. In the Create a Site Profile
named box enter what you want
to call the site.
4. In the Host Name or IP address
box, enter the internet address
for the FTP site you want to
connect to.
5. Click Next.
6. Enter the UserID and Password
for that site.
7. Click Finish, or click Next to
enter optional information
about the site (described later in
the Users Guide and in the
Online help.)
Your new site profile will now
appear in the folder you
selected.
8. Click Save to save the
information with the site
profile.
9. Click Connect.

Some sites are set up for

you when you install
WS_FTP Pro. You can
connect to one of these or
configure your own.

When you select a configured site, the

host information for that site is
displayed here. When you create a site
of your own, this is where you set the
host information.

When you click connect, the

Connection Dialog box disappears
and the WS_FTP Pro Classic
Interface attempts to make the
connection.

Getting Started
WS_FTP Pro

11

Connection Dialog Toolbar and Buttons

Connect. After selecting or creating a site, click this icon to
connect to that site.
New Site. Click this icon to create a new site in the folder you
select in the Configured Sites box.
New Folder. Click this icon to create a new folder in the
Configured Sites box.
Delete Site or Folder. Click this icon to delete the folder or site you
select in the Configured Sites box.
Help. Click this icon to access the WS_FTP Pro online help
system.

Save. Click this button to save the site information. You should do
this when the site is first configured, and any time host information is
edited.
Advanced Properties. Click this button for more site configuration
options. See the Online help for more information on the Site
properties.
Connect. Click this button to connect to the selected site.
Cancel. Click this button to close the Connection dialog box.

Connection Dialog Boxes and Options

Configured Sites. This box lists all of your configured sites.
When a folder has a + next to it, it means that
there may be folders or sites within this folder.

Select a site to connect to that site or to view

the host information for that site. To rename a
site, right click on the site name and type the
new name.

Host Name. Every system (computer) on the Internet has an official

host name and Internet (IP) address. In order to connect to an FTP
site, you must know the official name or address of the site. For
example, a system might have a host name of superserv.ipswitch.com

12

Users Guide
WS_FTP Pro

and an IP address of 123.124.125.126. In WS_FTP Pro, you can use

either the host name or the IP address to specify a particular FTP site.
UserID. If you have an account on the FTP server you are connecting
to, enter your user identification name here. For information on
connecting to sites you do not have an account on, see Anonymous
Connections on page 16.
Password. Enter your password for the site you are connecting to.
Account. Some FTP sites, notably VM/CMS hosts, require an
account in order to authenticate the client and provide access to a
default directory for the user. For many sites, however, no account is
required.
Anonymous. Select this option if you are making an anonymous
connection to the selected site. For information on anonymous
connections, see Anonymous Connections on page 16.
Save Password. When you select this option, the password will be
saved with the site information. It is recommended that you do not
select this option if other people have access to your computer.
Save Account. Select this option to save the account information
entered in the Account box with the site information.
Firewall. If you have to use a Firewall script to connect to an FTP
server, select the type from this list. For more information on
Firewalls, see Chapter 12: Using Firewalls on page 59.
Passive Mode. Normally, when you connect to an FTP site, the site
establishes the data connection to your PC (the client). However, if
the site allows passive transfers, you can have your PC establish the
data connection.
We recommend that you use passive mode for most transfers. Note
that passive mode may be required for users who are behind some
types of router-based firewalls or behind a gateway requiring passive
transfers.
Secure (SSL). Select this option to make a secure SSL connection to
the selected site. For more information on SSL, see Chapter 7: SSL
Utility on page 33.

Getting Started
WS_FTP Pro

13

Local Folder. If there is a folder on your PC that you want to use as

your starting location when you connect to this FTP site, enter the
path of the folder here. (For example, C:\WS_FTP Pro)
Comment. Enter any comment you would like to make about the site.

Transferring a file
How to...
Transfer a file:
Once you have connected to a site, you
are ready to transfer a file.
Downloading a File

After making your connection, WS_FTP closes the Connection

dialog, leaving the WS_FTP Pro window. The image below shows
how the WS_FTP Pro window looks once you have connected to a
site.

1 Select the directory you want to

download the file to in the Local
System list.
2 In the Remote System list, find the
file by clicking on the folder it is
stored in (unless the file is in the
directory you connected to.)
3 Select the file you want to download
4 Click the download transfer arrow.
It is the one that looks similar to: <-5 When the file is downloaded, it will
appear in the Local System list.

Uploading a File
1 Select the directory you want to
upload the file to in the Remote
System list.
2 In the Local System list, select the
file you want to upload.
3 Click the upload transfer arrow. It is
the one that looks similar to: -->
4 When the file is uploaded, it will
appear in the Remote System list.

The following are boxes and window structures that are important in
learning how to make an FTP transfer:
Local System. This box displays the directory set as your default
local directory, and all of the files and folders in it. You can change
directories by selecting it from the list, by clicking the Browse (...)
button next to the Local System box, or by typing the folder path in
the box.
Remote System. This box displays the default directory for the FTP
site you connect to. You can change directories by selecting it from
the list, by clicking the Browse (...) button next to the Remote
System box, or by typing the folder path in the box.

14

Users Guide
WS_FTP Pro

Address. The Address bar displays the complete path of the FTP Site
you are connected to. If you type this address in manually, the
Address bar will record the last ten sites and folders you have
connected to.
Transfer Arrows. Click these icons to transfer a file:

Upload Arrow

Download Arrow
WS_FTP Pro Toolbar
Connect. Click this icon to select or configure a site to connect to,
using the Connection Dialog box.
Disconnect. Click this icon to disconnect from a site.

FTP Manager. Click this icon to display the Transfer Manager. For
more information, see Chapter 6: WS_FTP Transfer Manager on
page 29.
Batch Mode. Click this icon to place WS_FTP in Batch Mode. In
this mode, selected files will be added to the Transfer Manager to
be transferred later.
Options. Click this icon to access WS_FTP Program Options.

Large Icons. Click this icon to change the layout of the list pane to
show file names along with large icons associated with the file
type.
Small Icons. Click this icon to change the layout of the list pane to
show file names along with small icons associated with the file
type.
List. Click this icon to change the layout of the list pane to show an
ordered list of files in a selected directory.
Details. Click this icon to change the layout of the list pane to show
an ordered list of files with the name, size, type, time of last
modification, and attributes listed.
Help. Click this icon to access the WS_FTP Pro online help
system.

Getting Started
WS_FTP Pro

15

Anonymous Connections
To log on to any FTP site, you must identify yourself with a user ID
and password. For many FTP sites, you can use the word anonymous
as a User ID, and your E-mail address as your password; this is known
as an "anonymous login." (All of the Ipswitch preconfigured FTP sites
are set up as anonymous logins.)
FTP sites that allow anonymous logins usually exist to provide files
that can be downloaded by the general public; anyone on the Internet
can log onto the site anonymously and copy files to their PC. This is
similar to logging on to a file server as a "guest."
Anonymous logins have access to a vast store of software, games,
music, and numerous other resources. However, if you log in
anonymously, you usually are not allowed to do more than view
public folders and download files. (You are usually unable to view
private folders or to upload files.)

Using the Help System

Our Online Help system contains detailed descriptions and directions
on how to use each and every function available in WS_FTP Pro. It
should be the first place you look if you have any question using the
product.
Use the Index tab to
look up keywords,
and use the Search
tab to search for
words in the body of
the topics.
Individual topics are
organized into books
that relate to a specific function.
Some books have
other books listed inside.

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The body of
the help topic
appears in this
pane.

Click on blue
words to jump
to another topic.
Click green to
access a drop
down list.

Chapter 3: Transferring Files

Transferring means moving or copying files or folders between
computers. If you transfer a file from your computer (local system) to
an FTP Site (remote system) it is called an upload. If you transfer a
file from a remote system to your local system, it is called a
download.
This chapter includes the following topics:

Ways to Transfer Files

Transfer Modes

Doing Passive Transfers

Ways to Transfer Files

WS_FTP Pro allows you several ways to transfer a file.
Using the Transfer Arrows

Look for more information

in the Transferring Files
section of the Online help.

Select a file or folder and click the Upload or Download Arrow to

transfer it. You can select multiple files by holding down the Ctrl
button while selecting.
Upload Arrow

Download Arrow
Restarting Transfers!
Some FTP Servers allow
clients to restart transfers
that have failed or been
interrupted due to a lost
connection, cancellation, or
other reason.
For specific directions on
this process, see the
Transferring Files section
of the Online help.

Drag and Drop

With a file or folder selected, click and hold your left-mouse button
and drag the file to where you want it transferred to. You can select
multiple files by holding down the Ctrl button while selecting. As you
drag the file, your cursor changes.

When your cursor looks like this,

you are at a place where you
can transfer a file.

When your cursor looks like this,

you cannot drop a dragged file
there.

Transferring Files
WS_FTP Pro

17

When you release the mouse button, WS_FTP Pro attempts to transfer
the file to that location.
Confirming Overwrites
Most sites allow you to
overwrite or replace a file
without giving you any
kind of visual warning.
Through WS_FTP Pro, you
can set it up so that a dialog
box is displayed to warn
you that you are about to
overwrite a file.
For specific directions on
this feature, see the
Transferring Files section
of the Online help.

Copy and Paste

Right-mouse click a file, then select Copy from the pop-up menu.
This will copy your file to the clipboard. Right-click where you want
to transfer the file to, and from the right-mouse menu select Paste.
WS_FTP Pro then attempts to make the transfer.
Batch Mode
If you want to transfer multiple files from different sites, you can put
WS_FTP Pro in Batch Mode.
While in batch mode, WS_FTP Pro will place all transfers in the
Transfer Manager for download. If you want to make an immediate
transfer while in Batch Mode, without having it go through the
Transfer Manager queue, select the file and drag it to the destination
folder.
Using the Transfer Manager
The WS_FTP Pro Transfer Manager is used to view the progress of
transfers, to schedule the transfer of multiple files, and to view logs
for individual transfers. For more information, see Chapter 6:
WS_FTP Transfer Manager on page 29.

Transfer Modes
There are three modes that WS_FTP Pro uses to transfer a file from
place to place. Depending on the type of file, you may have to select
this mode before you attempt to transfer a file.

Transfer Mode

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These modes are called ASCII, Binary, or Auto. The following chart
shows the icon that should be chosen for the described type of file.

Ascii Mode

Binary Mode

Auto Mode

A file that is text, HTML, postscript, other ASCII

format (.txt, .html, .htm, .cgi), or EBCDIC should be
transferred in ASCII mode. If you transfer a binary file
in ASCII mode, you will not get the entire file.
A file that is a bitmap, an executable, or compressed
(.bmp, .jpg, .exe, .zip) should be transferred in binary
mode. (Binary mode should also be used if there is no
file extension or the file extension is not registered.)
This is the default mode.
If you turn on Auto mode, WS_FTP Pro checks to see if
the file has an extension that is listed on the Extensions
tab of the Options dialog. If so, ASCII mode is used; if
not, binary mode is used.

Passive Transfers
Normally, when you connect to an FTP site, the site establishes the
data connection to your PC. However, some FTP sites allow passive
transfers. This means that your PC establishes the data connection.
By default, passive mode is turned on in WS_FTP Pro; we
recommend that you use it for transfers to and from FTP sites that
support it. Note that passive mode may be required in the following
instances:

For users on networks behind some types of router-based

firewalls

Users on networks behind a gateway requiring passive

transfers

If transfers are erratic

If you keep getting failed data channel errors

Transferring Files
WS_FTP Pro

19

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Chapter 4: Managing Files and Folders

This chapter deals with using WS_FTP Pro to manage files and
folders on both local and remote systems. Managing files and folders
includes:

Viewing and navigating

Working with files and folders

Viewing and Navigating

Look for more information
in the Viewing and
Navigating section of the
Online help.

WS_FTP provides many tools and techniques for viewing and

navigating files and folders.
This section points out various structures on the WS_FTP Pro window
that allow you to view files and folders, and to navigate both local and
remote systems.
Display Icons

Address Bar

Local System
Remote System

Up one Level

Local Directory

Remote
Directory

Mapped Drives

Change Directory Button

Refresh Buttons

The Address bar displays the complete path to the FTP site directory
you are currently connected to. You can edit this path manually to
navigate to the folders listed in the Remote Directory listing. When
you do this, the Address bar stores the last five paths that have been
entered.

Managing Files and Folders

WS_FTP Pro

21

The left side of the WS_FTP Pro window shows your local system,
and where on that system you are. The Local Directory listing
displays everything that is visible in the folder identified in the Local
System box.
Click on one of the Mapped Drives icons in the Local Directory
listing to access that drive.
The right side of the WS_FTP Pro window shows the Remote System
(FTP site) you are connected to. The Remote Directory listing
displays everything that is visible in the folder identified in the
Remote System box.
The way these listings look can be changed by the Display Icons, and
can be refreshed (to make sure you are looking at the most up-to-date
list of files and folders) by clicking the Refresh button next to the
directory list box.
You can use the ChgDir (Change Directory) button to navigate by
doing one of the following:

Select the desired folder and click the ChgDir button. A

dialog box appears, allowing you to enter the name of the
directory you want to move to.

To get a dialog box that asks for the folder name, make sure
nothing is selected in the list box and click the ChgDir
button.
When you see the dialog box, you can also change drives by
entering a drive letter followed by a colon (for example, d:).

Working with Files and Folders

Look for more information
in the Working with files
and folders section of the
Online help.

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WS_FTP Pro gives you a variety of features that make it quick and
easy to organize, manipulate, and delete files and folders.

The graphic below points out key features used during these tasks.
Connection
buttons (Connection
Bars)

Folder

Files

The Connection buttons are very important to managing your files.

The following is a description of the buttons that pertain to this
section:
MkDir - Make Directory. The Make Directory command
allows you to create a folder/directory on your PC or on the FTP
site if possible. (Not all FTP sites allow you to create folders; you
must have an account on the site and "create" permissions.) When
you select this command, you are prompted for a folder name that
is valid for the current system.
View. The View command allows you to view a file. If you select
a filename on an FTP site and then click View, the file is
transferred to your temporary folder and is opened in the default
text viewer.
Execute. The Execute command allows you to open an
application on a remote server. When you select this command,
WS_FTP Pro downloads the file to your Windows Temp
directory and runs the application from there.
Delete. The Delete command allows you to delete a file or folder
on your PC or on the current FTP site, if you have the appropriate
permissions.
DirInfo - Directory Information. The Directory Info command
opens a text document that displays information about the current
directory. This document opens in the default Text Viewer (as
specified on the General tab of program options). WS_FTP

Managing Files and Folders

WS_FTP Pro

23

displays as much information as the FTP site delivers. Depending

on the site, for each file or folder within the current directory, the
following information may be shown: size, type, permission,
creation date, date last modified, and name.
Click and Drag for Organization
You can organize your files by clicking on the files and dragging them
to the folder you want to move them to. This is not an FTP transfer
when you move the file from one folder to another on the same
system.

Changing the Permissions for UNIX Files

The selected options do not
necessarily indicate the
current permissions for the
selected file or folder.

You can change modes for a UNIX file on an FTP site, provided you
have permission.
1

Select the file, select FTP Commands from the right-mouse

menu, and then select chmod (UNIX).

Do one of the following:

If you attempt to change

permissions, check the
message area or the log to
see if you were successful.

Select the desired options by clicking the appropriate

check boxes.

Enter a three- or four-digit number that represents the options

(as described in the table below).

Click the OK button.

Background Information
Permissions can also be expressed as three- or four-digit values;
for example: 1644.

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The first digit is interpreted as follows:

If the first digit is 1 (known in UNIX circles as the sticky

bit), it sets the link permission to directories or sets the
save-text attribute for a file.

If the first digit is 2, it sets the group ID on execution.

If the first digit is 4, it sets the user ID on execution.

The second digit expresses Owner permissions

The third, Group permissions

The fourth, Other.

Four-digit values are used in the WS_FTP Pro log, in the message
area, and by some system administrators and ISPs.
The table below shows how WS_FTP Pro check box options
correspond to the last three digits. The third column shows the
possible values for Owner, Group, and Other as viewed in the tenposition value in the first column of a directory list for a UNIX site.
Selected options in
WS_FTP Pro
none
Execute
Write
Write, Execute
Read
Read, Execute
Read, Write
Read, Write, Execute

2nd, 3rd, or 4th digit of

4-digit number
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Permissions in
directory list
----x
-w-wx
r-r-x
rwrwx

In the directory list, the first position indicates whether the item is a
file (-, s, S, or t) or directory (d), while positions two through ten show
the permissions for Owner, Group, and Other.

For example, the value 751 corresponds to drwxr-x--x in the

Managing Files and Folders

WS_FTP Pro

25

directory list. This expression is comprised of four parts:

d
First position
indicates
whether item
is a file (-,s,S,
or t) or
directory (d)

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rwx
Positions 2-4
indicate
Owner
permissions:
read, write,
execute.

r-x
Positions 5-7
indicate Group
permissions:
read and
execute.

--x
Positions 8-10
indicate Other
permissions:
execute only.

Chapter 5: Explorer Interface

Unlike previous versions of WS_FTP Pro, version 7.0 contains an
Explorer Interface that runs independently of Microsoft Windows
Explorer. Now, most of the functions of the interface work like the
Classic Interface, and the speed and performance of the Explorer
Interface has greatly increased.

Overview
Look for more detailed
information in the Online
Help. Most sections are
applicable to the Explorer
Interface.

The following graphic points out key features in the Explorer

Interface that make it different from the Classic Interface. The graphic
represents the appearance of the interface after you make a successful
connection to an FTP server.

Display buttons change the way the files are displayed.

Site folders. The +

means that there are
configured sites in
the folder.

This pane displays the

remote directory when
connected to an FTP
site.

The site icon changes

when connected.

Site Icon

The status bar displays the current state of the interface.

Explorer Interface
WS_FTP Pro

27

Using the Explorer Interface

The following describes how to get started using the Explorer
Interface.
Configuring a Site
Before making a connection, you must either select a preconfigured
site, or configure a new site. To configure a new site:
1

Select the folder you want the site configured in.

In the right-pane, select New.

Follow the directions on the dialog to create a new site.

Click Finish once you have gone through the process.

Once you click Finish, the site will be added to the folder.
Making a Connection
Once you have a site configured, you can connect to the site. To do
this, all you have to do is click on the site name in the left-pane. If the
settings are correct, and the FTP site is accepting connections, the
right-pane will display the remote directory once connected.
Transferring Files
Transferring files in the Explorer Interface is very much like the dragand-drop feature of the Classic interface. To transfer a file:

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Connect to a site.

Open Windows Explorer.

Move to the directory that holds the file you want to upload, or to
the directory in which you want to place a downloaded file.

Select the file or folder you want to transfer (You can select
multiple files by holding down the Ctrl key while you click on a
file.) Files to be uploaded can be selected from the desktop or
from a Windows Explorer window.

With the file(s) selected, drag them to where you want them
transferred to. If you are uploading them, drag them to your
remote directory on the FTP site. If you are downloading the
files, drag them to your Windows Explorer window.

Chapter 6: WS_FTP Transfer Manager

This chapter includes the following topics:

What is the Transfer Manager

Transfer Manager Dialogs

What is the Transfer Manager?

The WS_FTP Pro Transfer Manager is used to view the progress of
transfers, to schedule the transfer of multiple files, and to view logs
for individual transfers.

How to...
Use the Batch Mode.
You can use the Batch Mode to add
requests to the Transfer Manager
(Classic Interface only.)

Transfer Manager Dialogs

The following sections describe each of the dialog boxes that are
encountered while using the Transfer Manager.
Transfers Manager Dialog

Batch mode (Classic Interface only)

1 Connect to an FTP server.
2 Click the Batch Mode button.
3 Select a file or files and click the
transfer arrow. The file will be
placed in the FTP Transfer
Manager.

The Transfer Manager dialog displays a list of all pending, paused,

and completed transfers. To access this dialog from either WS_FTP
Pro interface: From the View menu, select Transfer Manager

4 Once you have added all of the files

to the batch, click the Batch Mode
button to take WS_FTP Pro out of
batch mode.
5 In the Transfer Manager, select the
requests you want to execute. Hold
down the Ctrl key to select
multiple requests.
6 From the Transfer menu, select
Start.

You can remove completed items

individually, or you can select
Remove Completed Requests from
Transfer Manager on the General
tab of the Options dialog.

Source. The path and name of the file or folder that is to be

transferred.

Status. The current status code of the listed item.

Transferred. The number of bytes transferred.

Rate (KB/S). The number of Kilobytes being transferred per

second.

Size. The actual size of the file in bytes.

Time Left. The estimated time left until the transfer is complete.
WS_FTP Transfer Manager
WS_FTP Pro

29

How to...

Request Properties

Pause a transfer

You can double click any item on the Transfer Manager dialog to
view the Request Properties dialog for that item.

To pause an active transfer from the

Transfer Manager:
1 Select the entry.
2 From the Transfers menu, select
Pause.

How to...
Remove an item
To remove an item from the Transfer
Manager:

Source Host. The name, URL, or IP address of the transfers

source.

Destination Host. The name, URL, or IP address of the transfers

destination.

Type. The type of transfer being performed. Either Upload or

Download.

Status. The current status code of the listed item.

Schedule a transfer

Submit Time. The date and time the file was submitted.

To schedule a transfer from the

Transfer Manager:

Start Time. The date and time the file transfer began.

1 Select a request, file, or folder.

Total Bytes. The actual size (in bytes) of the file.

2 From the Transfers menu, select

Schedule.

Transferred Bytes. The number of bytes transferred.

3 In the Schedule Item Properties

dialog, the date, time, and
frequency of the transfer.

Transfer Rate. The number of Kilobytes being transferred per

second.

4 Click OK to add the item to

Scheduler.

End Time. The date and time the transfer ended.

Transfer Mode. The mode the file was transferred in.

Source. The path name of the source of the transfer.

Destination. The path name of the destination of the transfer.

Select the file you want removed.

From the Transfers menu, select

Delete.

How to...

30

The following information appears on the Request Properties dialog.

Users Guide
WS_FTP Pro

Log Window
To view the log for an item, select the item, then from the Transfer
menu, select Log. The following window appears:

The log window will contain all actions that have been initiated for
the selected transfer, including pause and resume.
Refer to Appendix B for descriptions of error messages that may
appear in the log.

WS_FTP Transfer Manager

WS_FTP Pro

31

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Chapter 7: SSL Utility

This chapter describes what SSL is and how you can configure
WS_FTP Pro to make secure (SSL) connections.

What is SSL?
SSL (Secure Socket Layer) is a protocol for encrypting and decrypting
data sent across direct internet connections. When a client makes an
SSL connection with a server, all data sent to and from that server is
encoded with a complex mathematical algorithm that makes it
extremely difficult to decode anything that is intercepted.
The following is a step by step illustration of how SSL works.

Step 1. The client makes the initial connection with the server and
requests that an SSL connection be made.
Step 2. If the server is properly configured, the server will send to the
client its certificate and public key.
Step 3. The client compares the certificate from the server to a trusted
authorities database. If the certificate is listed there, it means
the client trusts the server and will move to step 4. If the
certificate is not listed there, the user must add the certificate
to the trusted authorities database before going to step 4.

SSL Utility
WS_FTP Pro

33

Step 4. The client uses that public key to encrypt a session key and
sends the session key to the server. If the server asks for the
clients certificate in Step 2, the client must send it at this
point.
Step 5. If the server is set up to receive certificates, it compares the
certificate it received with those listed in its trusted authorities
database and either accepts or rejects the connection.
If the connection is rejected, a fail message is sent to the client. If the connection is accepted, or if the server is not set up
to receive certificates, it decodes the session key from the client with its own private key and sends a success message back
to the client, thereby opening a secure data channel.
The key to understanding how SSL works is in understanding the
parts that make SSL itself work. The following is a list of these parts
and the role each plays.
Client. In this case, the client is WS_FTP Pro.
Certificate. The Certificate file holds the identification information of
the client or server. This file is used during connection negotiations to
identify the parties involved. In some cases, the clients certificate
must be signed by the servers certificate in order to open an SSL
connection. Certificate files have the.crt ending.
Session Key. The session key is what both the client and the server
use to encrypt data. It is created by the client.
Public Key. The public key is the device with which the client
encrypts a session key. It does not exist as a file, but is a by-product of
the creation of a certificate and private key. Data encrypted with a
public key can only be decrypted by the private key that made it.
Private Key. The private key decrypts the clients session key that is
encrypted by a public key. The private key file has the.key ending.
Private keys should NEVER be distributed to anyone.
Certificate Signing Request. A certificate signing request is
generated each time a certificate is created. This file is used when you
need to have your certificate signed. Once the Certificate Signing
Request file is signed, a new certificate is made and can be used to
replace the unsigned certificate.

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How to make an SSL connection

To make an SSL connection with a server configured for SSL that you
have an account on:
1

Be sure to select the Secure (SSL) option when you follow the
directions for configuring a site.

After you click Connect, WS_FTP Pro tells the server that you
want to make an SSL connection. The server then transmits to
you an identifying certificate, letting the client know who the
server is. If that certificate is already listed in your Trusted
Authority database, the connection is made.

If that certificate is not listed as a trusted authority, the NonTrusted Authority dialog box appears.

Select the option you need and click OK. If the server does not
require a certificate to be returned, the secure connection will be
established. All data transmitted between you and the server will
be encrypted.

If the server you are attempting to make a connection to asks

WS_FTP Pro to send back a certificate, follow the direction for Client
Certificate Verification.
Client Certificate Verification
If the server you are attempting to make a connection to requires your
client to send an identifying certificate back to the server, you must:
1

Configure the site with the Secure (SSL) option selected.

Create a certificate. Refer to the section Generating a

Certificate on page 36 for more information.

Send the Certificate Signing Request file to your server

administrator.

Once the server administrator signs the Certificate Signing

Request, it will be sent back to you.

When you receive the file, follow the directions for Selecting a
Certificate on page 37, selecting the new certificate to go in the
Certificate box.

Connect to the server.

SSL Utility
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35

Generating a Certificate
To create an SSL certificate:
1

From the Tools menu, select Configure SSL. The SSL Utilities
window appears.

Click the Certificate Creation tab.

Enter a name in the Certificate Set Name box. This will be the
name of the certificate that is generated by WS_FTP Pro.

Click the Browse () button in the Output Location box to

select the folder you want the certificate created in.

Enter information in all of the Certificate Information boxes:

City/Town. City or town where you are located. (Ex. Augusta)
State/Province. State or Province where you are located. (Ex.
Georgia)
Organization. Company or individual user name.
Common Name. This can be either the name of the person
creating the certificate or the fully qualified domain name of the
server associated with the host.
Pass Phrase. Pass phrase that is to be used to encrypt the private
key. It is important to remember this pass phrase. The pass phrase
can be any combination of words, symbols, spaces, or numbers.
Pass Phrase Confirmation. Re-enter the same pass phrase as
above.

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Country. The country you are in. This must be a valid two letter
country code. (Ex. US)
E-mail. E-mail address of the person the certificate belongs to.
Unit. Name of organizational unit. (Ex. Research and
Development)
6

After all of the boxes are filled in correctly, click Create to

generate the keys, certificate, and certificate signing request. Note
If all of the boxes are not filled in, you cannot create the
certificate.

If you are creating a certificate to be used by WS_FTP Pro, you

should send the certificate signing request (by E-mail) to your server
administrator. If they require it, they will sign the certificate and
return it to you. The returned certificate should be the one you identify
in the Certificate Selection tab.

Selecting a Certificate
The Certificate Selection tab is used to choose which private key and
certificate you want to use during SSL connection negotiations. If a
new certificate has not been created, follow the directions for
Generating a Certificate on page 36.

To select an SSL Certificate:

7

Click the Browse () button next to the Private Key box to

select the private key you want to use during SSL negotiation.

SSL Utility
WS_FTP Pro

37

Click the Browse () button next to the Certificate box to select

the certificate you want to use during SSL negotiation. The
certificate you use must have been created using the key you
selected for the Private Key box.

Enter the pass phrase associated with that certificate in both the
Pass Phrase and the Pass Phrase Confirmation boxes. A pass
phrase can be any combination of words, symbols, spaces or
numbers. It is case sensitive and must be written exactly the same
way each time it is used.
Without the correct pass phrase in both boxes, the certificate and
private key cannot be verified and the selection cannot be saved.

10 Click Apply to save your entries.

Clicking the Reset button erases what you have done since the
last time new settings were applied.

Trusted Authorities
The Trusted Authorities tab stores a list of certificate names that are
recognized by WS_FTP Pro.

Certificate Display:
Issued To. Who the certificate was issued to.
Issued By. Who the certificate was signed by.
Expires. Date on which the certificate expires.

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Adding a Certificate
To add a certificate to the database:
1

Click the Import button and select the path and file name for the
certificate. The Add Certificate? dialog box appears.

Review the information on that dialog box and click Yes to add
the certificate to the database.

Exporting a Certificate
To export a certificate from the Trusted Authorities database:
1

Select the certificate you want to copy out of your database.

Click the Export button.

Select the folder you want to copy the certificate to and enter the
name you want to save the certificate file as.

Click OK.

Removing a Certificate
To remove a certificate:
1

Select the certificate to be removed.

Click Remove.

A warning appears advising you to export the certificate before

you remove it. Removing the certificate deletes the certificate
file.

Click OK to remove the certificate.

SSL Utility
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39

Non-Trusted Certificate
When you connect to a server using the SSL connection option, that
server sends you a certificate. If that certificate is not listed on the
Trusted Authority tab, or if it was not signed by a certificate on this
list, this dialog box appears.

Certificate Information:
Issued To. Name of the person or company who the certificate
belongs to.
Issued By. Name of the person or company who signed the certificate.
Active From. The date on which this certificate was activated.
Expires On. The date the displayed certificate will no longer be a
valid certificate.
Options
Allow this connection only. If this option is selected, the connection
will be made, but WS_FTP Pro will still not recognize the certificate
as a trusted authority. The next time you attempt to connect to this
server, this dialog box appears once again.
Trust this certificate. If this option is selected, the connection will be
made and the certificate will be added to the trusted authority database
in the Trusted Authority tab, so future connections can be made
without you being prompted.
Do not allow this connection. If this option is selected, the
connection will be terminated.

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Chapter 8: Synchronizing Files and Folders

The WS_FTP Synchronize Utility lets you synchronize (or mirror)
directory structures between your system and a remote FTP server
with minimal intervention.
It lets you keep remote sites up-to-date by automatically uploading
files which have changed while deleting files that have been removed
from the master directory. This is especially useful for quickly and
efficiently updating Web sites.
This chapter gives an overview of the Synchronize Utility and some
examples of how you might use it. For detailed instructions on using
the Synchronize Utility, start the Synchronize Utility and use its
online Help.

A Word of Caution
The Synchronize Utility can easily erase or overwrite large numbers
of files without prompting you.
To verify that the Synchronize Utility will do what you want, please
run any new control files in test mode before running them for real.
You can then view the contents of the status window to verify
that the control file will do what you expect.
You should look for lines such as:
# deleting filea.ext
# sending fileb.ext 19960217/00:00
(19950217/00:00)
# receiving filec.ext 19960217/00:00
(19950217/00:00)

Using the Synchronize Utility

Start the Synchronize Utility by doing one of the following:

From the Tools menu, select Synchronize.

Click the Windows Start button and select Programs ->

WS_FTP Pro -> WS_FTP Pro Synchronize Utility.

The Synchronize Utility

WS_FTP Pro

41

Example
The following is an example of how you might use the WS_FTP
Synchronize Utility.

When you click the Go button, the control file named rarmstrong (it is
at the end of the path in the Control file name box) is executed
according to the parameters set on the WS_FTP Synchronize Utility
screen:

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Synchronize makes a connection with the FTP site defined

in the Site name box and logs on with the user name and
password supplied.

Once the connection is made, the program navigates to the

/idstuff directory on the FTP site and the C:\docutorials
directory on your PC.

According to the options selected, the FTP site directory is made

to mirror the local directory by creating folders not already there,
and copying or updating files that need to be changed or added in
order to make the directories mirror each other.

Since the Force update of destination option is selected, all files

that do not match are copied over or added regardless of the
version date on the destination folder.

Since the Secure Connection (SSL) option is selected,

Synchronize attempts to make an SSL connection with the FTP
server, using the settings you set in the SSL Configuration
Utility. For more information on SSL see Chapter 7: SSL
Utility on page 33. If the SSL Connection fails, the Synchronize
job will fail.

If you want to schedule this task to run at on a regular basis, or at

a certain time of day, click the Schedule button. The Schedule
Item Properties dialog appears. Use this dialog to set the time,
date, and frequency of the synchronize job. For more information
on using the WS_FTP Scheduler, see Using the Scheduler on
page 55.

Exclusions
WS_FTP Synchronize has the ability to exclude directories and/or
files during the synchronize process. This exclusion information is
entered in the Exclude box. The entered information is in the form of
a comma separated set of values. Spaces are interpreted as part of the
exclusion, so do not put spaces after (or before) a comma unless they
are part of the files/directories you wish to exclude. Wildcards
consisting of * and? can be used in directory and file names. An
example of this is shown below:
/mydir/*.exe,mydir\,m*ir\,\m?dir\,/mydir/
nextdir/myfil?.*,mydir\*.exe
An explanation of each exclusion follows:
/mydir/*.exe
An absolute file exclusion. This will exclude all .exe files in the
mydir directory, but the path is taken from the root of the file system.
mydir\
A relative directory exclusion. This will exclude any directory
named mydir anywhere in the file system.
\m?dir\
An absolute directory exclusion. This will exclude all directories
that match the mask m?dir, but the path is taken from the root of the
file system. The ? is a substitute for any single character.
m*ir\

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A relative directory exclusion. This will exclude any directory that

matches the mask m*ir from anywhere in the file system. The * means
that the name can have any number and value of character in between
the "m" and the "ir."
/mydir/nextdir/myfil?.*
An absolute file exclusion. This will exclude any file beginning with
myfil with one arbitrary character and any extension in the directory /
mydir/nextdir.
mydir\*.exe
A relative file exclusion. This will exclude any .exe files in any
directory named mydir anywhere in the file system.

Using the Synchronize Utility from the Command

Line
The Synchronize Utility has been designed to be a command line
utility that can be scheduled and run unattended. To do this, you must
first use the user interface to set up and test a control file for the
synchronization task.
Once this has been done, you can run the Synchrionize Utility directly
from the command line by using the following syntax:
ftpsync -f controlfile.ctl
You can also add this command to a batch file and schedule it using
WS_FTP Pro Scheduler. For more information on using command
line batch files, see Using a Batch File on page 67. For more
information on using the WS_FTP Scheduler, see Using the
Scheduler on page 55.

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Chapter 9: The Find Utility

The WS_FTP Find Utility lets you search an FTP site for files that
match your criteria, and then transfer the found files to your PC.
This is especially useful for anyone who is looking for one particular
file on a large, complex FTP site.
This chapter gives an overview of the Find Utility and some examples
of how you might use it. For detailed instructions on using the Find
Utility, start the Find Utility and use its online Help.

Using the Find Utility

To find a file on an FTP site:
1

Start the Find Utility by doing one of the following:

From the Tools menu, select Find.

Click the Windows Start button and select Programs ->

WS_FTP Pro -> WS_FTP Find Utility.

Use the Look in list box to select a site previously searched or

click the Browse button to specify the site to which you will
connect and search. You can also type in a host name or FTP
URL.

Enter your search criteria. You can search by name, date

modified, size, or any combination of the three.

Click Find Now. The Find Utility connects to the FTP site and
searches according to your criteria.

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For example, if you search the Ipswitch FTP site for a file named
filelist.txt, the following results are displayed.

The search
found this
file.

Using the Search Results

Once you locate a file on an FTP site, you can:

Transfer it.

Schedule it for transfer at a later time, by selecting Send to

Scheduler from the right-mouse menu.

To transfer a file:

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In the dialog box above, select the file you want to transfer, and
select Transfer from the right-mouse menu. A browse window
appears.

Select the folder to which you want to download the file.

Examples
The following are examples of different types of searches.
Finding a File When You Are Not Sure of Its Name
The graphic below shows how to search for a file when you are not
sure of the correct full name. In this case, the name begins with ws_f,
but the rest of the name is unknown. The * at the end is a wildcard
that takes the place of the missing characters. When this search is run,
the Find Utility locates every file on the site that begins with ws_f.

Search text

The results of the search are shown below.

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You can also use wildcard characters (* and ?) at the beginning of

a name if you are unsure about the beginning characters. For example,
searching for *.exe returns all files ending with the .exe file extension.
Finding a File Modified During a Specific Time Period
To search for a file modified during a specific time period, click the
Date Modified tab and set the options you need. In the example
below, the WS_FTP Find Utility will search for all files modified
between April 10, 2001 and April 20, 2001.

Finding a File in a Particular Folder

If you know the name of the folder in which the file you are looking
for is stored, you can narrow your search by having the Find Utility
look only in that folder.

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To locate a particular folder:

1

Click the Browse button next to the Look In field to connect to

the selected site and display a list of the available folders.

Select the folder that you want to search.

Click OK. The Look In box is filled in with the path of the
selected folder.

Click Find Now to search through the files in that folder.

Finding a File Smaller Than a Certain Size

If you want to limit the size of the files found in a given search, enter
the FTP site and file name on the Name & Location tab, then click
the Advanced tab.

In the Size is box, you can select At least or At Most then enter the
file size in kilobytes in the KB box.

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Chapter 10: Scripting

The WS_FTP Scripting Utility allows you to group any number of file
transfer tasks into a script that can be executed with one action. This
can be especially useful for file transfers that you do repeatedly.
This chapter gives an overview of the Scripting Utility and some
examples of how you might use it. For detailed instructions on using
the Scripting Utility, start the Scripting Utility and use its online Help.
Using scripts, you can:

Connect to FTP sites

Upload or download files

Set the transfer mode

Make, delete, and rename folders

Delete and rename files

Execute a DOS command

Scripts can also have some limited flow control. They can:

Check for the success or failure of the previous command

Jump to another point in the script if either success or

failure is detected

Suppose you post weekly reports on your companys FTP server for
your co-workers in other cities to download. Lets assume you place
the current weeks reports in a folder named Current. You could
create a script that:

Changes the name of last weeks Current folder to Prior.

Creates a new folder named Current.

Uploads your current weekly reports to the Current folder.

You can also create scripts for downloads that you do repeatedly.

Using Scripting
Start the Scripting Utility by doing one of the following:

From the Tools menu, select Script.

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51

Click the Windows Start button and select Programs ->

WS_FTP Pro -> WS_FTP Pro Scripting Utility.

Writing and Debugging Scripts

To write and/or debug a script, start the Scripting Utility.
The Script Editor/Debugger window appears.

An MS-DOS window is automatically opened behind the Editor/

Debugger window to show you the output of SHELL commands.

Executing Scripts
You can execute scripts from either the Command Prompt or
from the Scripting Utility itself.
Executing a Script from the Command Prompt
Go to the Command Prompt and type ftpscrpt followed by the
appropriate command line parameters. For example:
ftpscrpt -f script1.scp
There are other parameters you can use with the ftpscrpt command.
For detailed information, go to the Scripting Utility online Help and
see Executing Scripts.
To be able to run a script from any location on your hard disk, we
recommend that you place the Scripting Utility folder in the Path
statement in your Autoexec.bat file if you are running Windows 95,
Windows 98, and Windows ME. If youre using Windows NT or
Windows 2000, add the WS_FTP Pro folder to the path variable in the
System Environment.

Running a Script from the Scripting Utility

To run a script from the Scripting Utility, start the utility, open
the script, and click Go.
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Example
In the following example, the script:
1

Turns on the Trace command to send detailed information to

the transfertrace.txt file.

Creates a log called transferlog.txt in the C:\ directory.

Logs onto the server with the user name sdavis.

Logs onto the server with the password fourthandgoal.

Connects to the FTP server ftp.mywebprovider.com.

Changes the remote directory to /user/sdavis/images.

Changes the local directory to C:\My Documents\My Pictures

If the MGET is successful, the script executes the FILEDELETE

label.

If the MGET fails, the script executes the DISCONNECT label.

10 All files ending in .jpg are copied from the remote directory to the
local directory.
11 This line identifies the FILEDELETE label.
12 All files ending in .jpg are deleted from the /user/sdavis/images
remote folder.
13 This line identifies the DISCONNECT label.
14 Disconnects from the FTP server.

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Chapter 11: Scheduler

The WS_FTP Pro Scheduler lets you create FTP tasks or jobs
for transfers that you need to perform repeatedly or manually at a
particular time. Each task can consist of any number of uploads and
downloads of files and folders.
This chapter gives an overview of the Scheduler and some examples
of how you might use it. For detailed instructions on using the
Scheduler, start the Scheduler and use its online Help.

Using the Scheduler

To access the Scheduler window, do one of the following:

Select WS_FTP Scheduler from the Utilities menu in the

WS_FTP Pro Classic interface.

Click the Windows Start button and select Programs ->

WS_FTP Pro -> WS_FTP Pro Scheduler.

Once you are in the Scheduler window, you are ready to set up a file
transfer task. You can:

Add a pre-existing script to run at a particular time. (For more

information on creating scripts, see Chapter 10: Scripting
on page 51.)

Drag and drop a file from the WS_FTP Pro Classic or

Explorer Interface to the Scheduler window to create an
upload task.

Create a task from within WS_FTP Pro, WS_FTP Pro Find

Utility by right-clicking the file and selecting Send to
Scheduler.

Create a task from the Synchronize Utility or the Transfer

Manager.

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The WS_FTP Pro Scheduler will run the task at the time you schedule
it to run, or you can make the task run on demand by using the Run
Now option.

Examples
The following are examples of how you might use the WS_FTP
Scheduler.
Adding a Script to the Scheduler
To add a script to the scheduler:
1

From the File menu, select New > Custom.

A Schedule Item Properties dialog appears.

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In the Start Date and End Date boxes, set the dates for when
you want this recurring task to begin and when you want it to end.

In the Start Time box, enter the time of day you want the task to
be run.

In the Executable box, enter the full path to the ftpscript.exe

application.

In the Command box, enter -f followed by the full path to the

script you want WS_FTP Scheduler to run.

If you are on an NT workstation, you must enter your NT user

login and password in the boxes provided.

Select the frequency of the recurring transfer in the Schedule

Frequency area.

Click OK to add this task to the scheduler.

Updating a Web Site on a Nightly Basis

If you have a Web site you would like to update every night, without
having to manually upload all of the files you have recently changed,
you can set up a scheduled task to have it run as frequently as you like.
Scheduling Multiple items:
1

Select the files in WS_FTP Pro and select Send to Scheduler

from the right-mouse menu.
You can select multiple files or folders by holding the Ctrl key
and clicking the name.
The Schedule Item Properties dialog appears.
.

In the Start Date and End Date boxes, set the dates for when
you want this recurring task to begin and when you want it to end.

In the Start Time box, enter the time of day you want the task to
be run.

The Executable, Command, and Task Name boxes are filled in

for you. (Note that in the Command box, there is a .tmp file
identified. This file tells the application which files to download
and where to transfer them to and from.)

If you are on an NT workstation, you must enter your NT user

login and password in the boxes provided.

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Select the frequency of the recurring transfer in the Schedule

Frequency area.

Click OK to add this task to the scheduler.

Scheduling a single item (this can be a folder with multiple items

inside)
1

Select the file in WS_FTP Pro and select Send to Scheduler

from the right-mouse menu.
The Schedule Item Properties dialog appears.

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In the Start Date and End Date boxes, set the dates for when
you want this recurring task to begin and when you want it to end.

In the Start Time box, enter the time of day you want the task to
be run.

If you are on an NT workstation, you must enter your NT user

login and password in the boxes provided.

Select the frequency of the recurring transfer in the Schedule

Frequency area.

Click OK to add this task to the scheduler.

Chapter 12: Using Firewalls

Some organizations separate their local networks from the rest of the
Internet by installing a firewall or gateway. A firewall is a system or
software which is configured to prevent particular types of access or
information from entering the network. Most firewalls block the flow
into the local area network, but allow individuals to access most
resources outside of the network.
WS_FTP Pro lets you enter information about a particular firewall
into a firewall configuration, which you can then use when connecting
to a particular FTP site from behind that firewall. You can configure
the firewall once, and then assign that firewall configuration to those
sites that require it.
With the FireScript editor, you can edit firewall scripts to work the
way you want them to work. For more information, see Appendix A:
FireScript Editor on page 73.

Multiple Firewalls
There are several reasons you might want to create more than one
firewall configuration. If you use a laptop computer in different
locations that have different firewalls, you will want to set up a
firewall configuration for each location, so you can switch to the
appropriate firewall configuration when you are in each location.
Another reason you might want to set up multiple firewall
configurations is that your network could have more than one router
configured as a firewall. In this case, you would assign a different
firewall configuration to an FTP site depending on which part of the
network you are working from.
Furthermore, you might have a number of trusted sites (for example,
FTP sites owned by your company) for which you would use a
different firewall (or no firewall).

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Firewall Types
The following table lists all conventional firewall types and the
information about each that you will need to procure and enter
into WS_FTP Pro.
Type of Firewall

Information you need to enter

in WS_FTP Pro

Proxy OPEN

Host Name (or Address)

SITE hostname

Host Name (or Address), User Name (ID)

Transparent

User Name (ID), Password

USER after logon

Host Name (or Address), User Name (ID),

Password

USER fireID@remoteHost

Host Name (or Address), User Name (ID),

Password

USER remoteID@fireID
@remoteHost

Host Name (or Address), User Name (ID),

Password

USER remoteID
@remoteHost fireID

Host Name (or Address), User Name (ID),

Password

USER with no logon

Host Name (or Address)

Configuring a Firewall
For some router-based
firewalls, you will want to
use passive mode, in which
the data connections are
established by the FTP
client (WS_FTP Pro) rather
than by the FTP site.

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To enter firewall information, you will need to get data about your
firewall from your network administrator. For more information, see
Firewall Types above.
In the Classic Interface, on the Connection dialog, configure a
firewall as follows:
1

Click the Firewall tab.

Select New Firewall from the File menu.

Enter a name for the firewall as well as the firewalls official host
name or IP address.

Click OK. The new firewall appears in the Configured Firewalls

list.

If you use the name

Firewall as the name of a
firewall configuration, you
can apply the firewall
configuration named
Firewall only by selecting
the name default when
you attempt to use the
configuration as described
below.

Enter the firewall User ID or leave blank if not used.

Enter a Password. We do not recommend turning on Save

Password unless you are the only user with access to your
computer.

Select a Type.

Enter a Port number.

Click Save.
You can now assign the firewall configuration to the site, as
described in Using a Configured Firewall below.

In the Explorer interface, configure a firewall as follows:

1

If you are not already on the Firewall tab:

Select a site on which you want to use the firewall.

Select Properties from the File menu.

Click the Firewall tab.

Click the New button.

Enter a name for the firewall configuration.

Enter the firewall Host Name or IP Address.

Enter the firewall User ID (User Name) and Password.

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61

Select the firewall Type from the drop-down list.

Enter the Port number.

Click Save.
You can now assign the firewall configuration to the site, as
described below.

Using a Configured Firewall

Once you have configured a firewall, you can then apply the firewall
configuration to an FTP site.
In the Classic interface, on the Connection dialog box:
1

Make sure you are on the Host Info tab (not the Firewall tab).

In the Firewall box, select a firewall configuration.

In the Explorer Interface:

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Select a site.

Select Site Properties from the File menu.

Make sure you are on the Host Info tab (not the Firewall tab).

In the Firewall box, select a firewall configuration.

Chapter 13: Using the Command Line

You can use the command line from the MS-DOS prompt to run the
WS_FTP Pro Classic interface.
So you can use the
command line from any
location on your hard disk,
we recommend that you
place the WS_FTP Pro
folder in the Path statement
in your Autoexec.bat file, if
you are running Windows
95, 98, 2000, or ME. If you
are using Windows NT, add
the WS_FTP Pro folder to
the path variable in the
System Environment.
Otherwise, change to your
WS_FTP Pro folder when
you use the commands.

When you use the command line, you are actually running a subset of the
functionality of the Classic interface. Using the command line, you can:

Upload and download files

Specify ASCII or binary transfer mode

Convert file names to lowercase when uploading

Set up pre-scheduled transfers

Create batch files that will handle multiple commands

Basic Command Line Syntax

The following illustrates the correct command line syntax, broken down
by argument type.
(command name: wsftppro) (source) (destination)

Written out, a command using this format would look like this:
wsftppro -s local:c:\tartan.bmp -d robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp

The section below shows the breakdown of that command into the parts
illustrated above. The command name wsftppro must always be placed in
the beginning of the command.
Site Information
wsftppro -s local:c:\tartan.bmp -d robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp

If you use a configured site from the command line, WS_FTP Pro uses the
User ID, Password, and Account Name you saved in the site configuration.
To do this, place the site folder and site profile in front of the remote
directory (this can be either the source or the destination). The site folder
and site profile has to be separated by the ! symbol. In the example above,
we use the border site profile stored in the robert folder.
If you have saved a password with the site, WS_FTP logs you on using the
saved password. If you have not saved a password with the site, you will
receive the regular password prompt, unless you use the -u and -w
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arguments. For example:

wsftppro -u username -w password -s robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp -d
local:c:\armstrong\

If you have saved an account name in the site configuration, the command
line logs you on using the saved account name. If you have not saved an
account name, you can use the -c argument to specify the account name
when you enter the command line. For example:
wsftppro -c account -s robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp -d local:c:\armstrong\

If you do not use a configured site profile, you must put the IP address,
URL, or host name in the source or destination argument to connect to that
site. See the Transfer Source and Transfer Destination sections for
examples of command line commands that use this.
Transfer Source
wsftppro

-s local:c:\tartan.bmp -d robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp

The transfer source argument begins with the -s argument, followed by the
label for the source, and the path to the item or items being transferred. If
the source of the transfer is your local system, the source label is local. If
you are doing a download, the source label is either the site folder!site
name or the IP address, FTP URL, or Host name of the FTP site. For
example:
wsftppro -s robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp -d local:c:\tartan.bmp

or
wsftppro -s ftp://username:[email protected]/pub/tartan.bmp -d
local:c:\armstrong\

or
wsftppro -u username -p password -s 156.21.50.78:/pub/tartan.bmp -d local:c:\

Transfer Destination
wsftppro -s local:c:\tartan.bmp -d robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp

The transfer destination argument begins with the -d argument, followed

by the label for the destination, and the path to where item or items are
being transferred to. If the destination is your local system, the destination
label is local. If you are doing an upload, the destination label is either the
site folder!site name (as in the example above) or the IP address, FTP
URL, or Host name of the FTP site. For example:

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wsftppro -s local:c:\tartan.bmp -d ftp://username:[email protected]/

pub/tartan.bmp

or
wsftppro -s local:c:\tartan.bmp -u username -w password -d 156.21.50.78:/pub/
tartan.bmp

File Transfer Options

Uploading Files
To upload a file, use the basic command syntax with the file or files you
want to upload identified in the source argument. For example; if you want
to copy the file tartan.bmp from the armstrong folder on your C: drive and
place it in the /pub/ folder on the site identified in the border site profile
use:
wsftppro -s local:c:\armstrong\tartan.bmp -d robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp

or,
wsftppro -s local:c:\armstrong\tartan.bmp -d robert!border:/pub/

Notice that the second option omits the file name from the destination
location. You can do this when you want the transferred file to have the
same name as it does in the source location. However, note that you must
enter the trailing slash after the destination folder in order for this to work.
Downloading Files
Use the same command syntax as described above for downloading files,
except that, the source of the transfer is the remote system instead of your
local system.
wsftppro -s border:/pub/tartan.bmp -d robert!local:c:\armstrong\tartan.bmp

In the example above, we are connecting to the remote system using the
border site profile and downloading the tartan.bmp file to the armstrong
folder on our C: drive.
Renaming Files
To rename a file as you upload it, enter a new file name after the
destination folder. For example, to upload the Tag.doc file and rename it
NewTag.doc on the FTP site, type:
wsftppro -s local:c:\sports\Tag.doc -d robert!border:/pub/drop/NewTag.doc

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65

Transferring multiple files from the same location

If all the files you want to transfer are in the same folder, you can use the
wildcard characters, * and ?, in the file name. For example, if you want to
upload all of the files in C:\Sports\ use:
wsftppro -s local:c:\sports\*.* -d robert!border:/pub/drop/

Or, to transfer all .doc files in the same folder, enter (at the MS-DOS
prompt or in a batch file):
wsftppro -s local:c:\sports\*.doc -d robert!border:/pub/drop/

To transfer multiple files not in the same folder, see Multiple Folders or
Commands on page 68.
Converting File Names to Lower Case
When uploading files, you can have WS_FTP Pro convert file names to
lower case by adding the -lower argument at the end of the command line.
For example, if the file you want to transfer is named Tag.doc, WS_FTP
Pro can upload it as tag.doc by using:
wsftppro -s local:c:\sports\Tag.doc -d robert!border:/pub/drop/ -lower

File Transfer Modes

You can transfer files in binary mode or in ASCII mode. We recommend
using binary mode to transfer all files unless you know the file contains
only text, then you are able to use ASCII mode.
To specify the transfer mode, you use the -binary or -ascii argument at
the end of the command string.
When you do not specify the transfer mode in the command line, WS_FTP
Pro transfers the file in whatever file transfer mode is the default in the
WS_FTP Pro Classic interface. Therefore, if you plan on using the
command line more than just occasionally, set the Startup Transfer
Mode to Auto Detect.

Transferring Files with Spaces in the File Names

If you are transferring a file whose name has spaces in it, you have two
options. You can enclose that portion of the command line in quotes, or
use the MS-DOS name of the file (as shown in the Dir listing you get from
the MS-DOS prompt.)

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Enclosing the Command Line in Quotes

If the file you want to transfer is named my tartan.bmp, use:
wsftppro -s "local:c:\armstrong\my tartan.bmp" -d "robert!border:/pub/my
tartan.bmp"

Using the MS-DOS Name

If the file you want to transfer is named my tartan.bmp in Windows 95, but
appears as my~1.doc when you use the Dir command at the MS-DOS
prompt, you can use the MS-DOS file name to transfer the file. To do this
(using the first example in this chapter), enter (at the MS-DOS prompt or
in a batch file):
wsftppro -s local:c:\armstrong\my~1.bmp -d robert!border:/pub/my~1.bmp

Using a Batch File

You cannot run 2 batch

files at the same time.

Instead of typing the command at the MS-DOS prompt, you may find it
more expedient to enter the command line into a batch file (a text file with
the file extension .bat). This makes it easier to correct mistakes and to run
the same command again.
You run the command by invoking the .bat file at the MS-DOS prompt,
double-clicking the icon for the .bat file from within Windows, or running
the .bat file from another application (such as WS_FTP Pro Scheduler).
Here is a batch file (for the example at the beginning of this chapter) as
viewed from a Windows text editor:

When you run the batch file named tartan.bat, WS_FTP Pro uploads the
tartan.bmp file to the border FTP site.
Note that using a batch file involves placing the command name wsftppro
at the beginning of each line in the file. Since each instance of the
command name starts the WS_FTP Pro application (and connects to the
FTP site), you would only use a batch file to work with one command at a
time. If, on the other hand, you want to issue a group of commands, follow
the procedure in Multiple Folders or Commands on page 68.
Remember that if a file name has a space in it, you must enclose that entire
argument in quotes.
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Multiple Folders or Commands

To transfer files to or from multiple source or destination folders, or to
issue multiple commands, use the -m argument followed by the name of a
text file that contains the commands. To transfer files from several
locations on the hard disk described in the first example in this chapter,
enter (at the MS-DOS prompt or in a batch file) something like:
wsftppro -m xferall.txt

where the content of xferall.txt (as viewed in Windows Notepad) is:

Note that:

The command name wsftppro must not appear in the text file

Each line of text must contain only one command line.

Each command line can contain any of the arguments described in

this chapter.

If a file name has a space in it, you must enclose that entire argument
in quotes.

Pre-scheduled Transfers (Automated Transfers)

You can use the command line to schedule transfers that you want to run
automatically. To do this, you create a batch file as described above, and
then run the batch file using WS_FTP Scheduler. For more information,
see Chapter 11: Scheduler on page 55.
When you use the command line to perform a pre-scheduled transfer, you
may the -quiet parameter to prevent WS_FTP Pro from displaying a
message box if and when an error occurs. This is particularly useful for
avoiding a situation in which WS_FTP Pro might otherwise prompt for
user input, such as clicking the OK button in an error message. This way,
you can pre-schedule transfers to run automatically when youre not at
your computer. (When you return to the computer, you can always check
the log file to see if there were any problems.)

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To use the examples shown above, you could do a pre-scheduled transfer

by creating the following batch file:

as well as the following text file:

Then, you could have the Scheduler run the auto10.bat file at 10:00 PM
each night.
Remember that if a file name has a space in it, you must enclose that entire
argument in quotes.

Transferring a Folder Containing Subfolders

Since you are not able create folders using the command line, you will not
be able to transfer a folder by simply specifying the folder name in the
command line, or by using wildcards.
To transfer a folder using the command line, you need to use some other
method to create the folder and its sub folders in the destination location.
Then, you can use the same procedure as described in Multiple Folders or
Commands on page 68. In the text file, you will have one command line
for each sub folder.
For example, if you want to transfer the entire folder named armstrong to
the border FTP site. The armstrong folder contains a number of files as
well as three sub folders named family, arms, and photos.
Once you have created the border folder and its sub folders in the
destination location, create the following text file:

The command you enter (at the MS-DOS prompt or in a batch file) is:
wsftppro -m DirStruct.txt

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Using a Site Profile with a Host Name

You can use the -p argument to use site profile options with any FTP
server, not just the one identified in the profile. For example:
wsftppro -p highland!armstrong -s local:c:\armstrong\my~1.bmp -d
ftp.anysite.com:/pub/my~1.bmp

In this example, WS_FTP Pro will connect to ftp.anysite.com using the

options set up in the armstrong site profile.

Extras
Here are a few more arguments and uses of the command line that some
users have found helpful. These are listed below.
To have WS_FTP Pro display a dialog box that prompts you for the
command line, type: wsftppro -ask
To launch the WS_FTP Pro Classic interface and default to the site
configuration for the border site: wsftppro -p robert!border
To prevent WS_FTP Pro from displaying error messages, use the -quiet
argument. This is useful if you want to do automated transfers when no
one is around to respond to a message. An example:
wsftppro -s local:c:\armstrong\tartan.bmp -d robert!border:/pub/tartan.bmp quiet

Summary
Here is a list of all arguments you can use in the command line.
Arguments
(alphabetical)
-ascii

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When to use
Use -ascii when transferring text files.

-binary

Use -binary when transferring nontext files such as executable programs,

word processing documents, and so on.

-c account

Use -c to work with sites that require an

account for the user to log in, or to access
partitions. account is the name of your
account on the FTP site.

-d
path_and_filename

Use -d to indicate the destination path

and desired file name of the file you want
to upload or download.

Important
restrictions

-lower

Use -lower to have WS_FTP Pro convert file names to lower case letters when
you transfer from your PC to an FTP site.

-m text_file

Use -m to do transfers that involve multiple source locations, multiple destinations, or multiple commands. text_file is
the name of the file that contains the commands.

-p site_name

Use -p to connect to a configured site,

where site_name is the name of the site
configuration. The site configuration
must be in the default .ini file or in the .ini
file specified with the -i argument.

-quiet

Use -quiet to prevent WS_FTP Pro

from displaying message boxes.

-s
path_and_filename

Use -s to indicate the source path and

file name of the file you want to upload or
download.

-u userID

Use -u to use sign on using the userID.

-w password

Use -w to identify password as the password to use to connect to the ftp site.

If you use the

-lower argument, it
must be at the very
end of the command.

The -p argument
must precede all
arguments except
-i.

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Appendix A: FireScript Editor

This appendix describes the purpose and syntax of the FireScript
language and how it used to make an FTP connection through a
firewall.

What is a FireScript?
A FireScript allows you to customize the sequence of commands and
responses used to log in to an FTP server. This customization may be
necessary if your FTP server requires any non-standard commands to
be issued before or after logging in, or if certain types of firewalls are
between the client and the server.
FireScripts are written in a custom FireScript language, developed
specifically for use by WS_FTP Pro. FireScripts can perform the same
functions that WS_FTP Pro uses internally to connect to a host or
firewall type. FireScripts, however, let you determine if and when
these functions are used. In particular, the FireScript determines when
to autodetect the host type, and when to go secure with an SSL
connection. The script can choose whether or not to try the XAUTH
command, and also whether it is necessary to log in to a user account
after sending the user ID and password.

FireScript Components
A FireScript is broken into three sections: fwsc, comment and script.
As in a Windows ini file, the name of the section appears alone on a
line, in square brackets, followed by the rest of the section.
The fwsc section is internally structured with name=value pairs in the
same manner as a Windows ini section. It contains identifying
information about the script, and indicates what variables will be
required by the script.
The comment section is free-form text intended for human readers. It
is ignored by the script executive.
The script section contains the scripts executable portion and
conforms to the FireScript syntax.

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Below is an example FireScript demonstrating this layout.

[fwsc]
author=Ipswitch
connectto=firewall
other values not shown would typically include 'required=' and
'version='
[comment]
This is an example script that connects to an FTP proxy. It is incomplete
because many of the commands required to connect have been deleted for
clarity. The main purpose is to demonstrate the organization of the FireScript
into three sections.

[script]
send ("OPEN %HostAddress") {}
tryssl;
send ("USER %HostUserId")
{
case (300..399) :
continue ;
case any :
return (false) ;
}
most of script not shown due to the size.
label success;
gossl;
return (true);
The fwsc Section
The fwsc section lets you specify information about the script in a
manner similar to a Windows ini file. Most of the parameters are
present for informational purposes. This includes the author and
version fields. A few of the parameters are used by the script
executive in determining whether or not to show the login dialog, and
which IP address to use.

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The parser recognizes and stores values for the following parameters:
fwsc Parameters
Parameter

Meaning and Values

author

Informational only. Author of the FireScript.

version

Informational only. Version number of the script file.

verdate

Informational only. Date on which this version was

updated.

required

A comma delimited list of fields that must be present for

the FireScript to execute. The login dialog is displayed if
all required fields are not present, and the Connect button
is disabled until all required fields have been filled in.

preask

A comma delimited list of fields that are not required but

which, if not present, will cause the login dialog to be
displayed.

connectto

firewall or host. This parameter tells WS_FTP Pro

which IP address to use when establishing the connection.

Unrecognized parameters are ignored.

The Comment Section
Use the comment section to describe the actions of the FireScript.
The FireScript code should be well described, so it will be easier to
understand and update later. The FireScript executive ignores the
comment section.
You can also insert comments in the script section by using the //
comment delimiter as in C++ and Java. Any text on a line following
the // sequence is ignored by the parser.
The Script Section
The script section consists of a sequence of statements that send
commands to the firewall or to the FTP server. Some of these
statements have results, or trigger responses from the firewall or FTP
server. There is a simple control structure that allows the script to take
different paths of execution, based on these results or responses.

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The Connection Sequence

A request for connection to an FTP site comes from user actions in
either the Classic or Explorer interface, or by one of the WS_FTP Pro
utilities such as Find or Synchronize. Sometimes, additional
connections are requested by the Transfer Manager to resume or to
speed up transfers. All connections are created by the
CreateConnection function in the WS_FTP Pro API.
The connection sequence consists of two stages.

Stage 1: Establish the connection with either the firewall or the

FTP server.

Stage 2: Send commands to log in and authorize the connected

user. It is during this stage that the commands in a FireScript are
executed.

The first stage works the same whether WS_FTP Pro is using a
FireScript or using one of its internal firewall types. Before executing
the script, WS_FTP Pro checks the fwsc section for the list of fields
marked as required and preask. If any are missing, it displays the
login dialog. If the user fills in all required information and presses
Connect, WS_FTP Pro then checks the connectto field. Depending
on this field, it will either establish a connection to the firewall's IP
address and port, or to the FTP server's IP address and port. If this
field is not present, WS_FTP Pro defaults to the IP address of the
firewall, if present.
After the connection is established successfully, and a valid socket is
opened, WS_FTP Pro calls the FireScript executive to execute the
FireScript. If the FireScript logs in okay and returns success, the
CreateConnection function returns the authorized connection to the
caller.

The FireScript Language

The FireScript language contains a limited version of elements you
may be familiar with if you have written scripts or programs in other
languages. It uses variables, declarations, and statements to perform
actions and direct program flow. Each of these elements is described
in the following sections.

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Syntactically, FireScript statements are terminated by semicolons.

They may therefore extend across multiple lines, and you can have
multiple statements on a line. A string however, may not span lines.
The final closing quote must appear on the same line of source code as
the opening quote. For example, the code below is valid:
contains
(
lastreply,
"Welcome to my cool FTP site"
)
;
but the following is not:
contains ( lastreply, "Welcome to
my cool FTP site" );

FireScript Variables
Firecripts work with the login information provided by WS_FTP Pro.
This includes at least the user IDs and passwords, the IP address and
port of the FTP server, and sometimes the IP address and port of the
firewall. These fields are often read from a site profile, an FTP URL,
or from the command line. As described before, if some of the
required information is missing, the connect sequence presents the
login dialog so that the user can enter it interactively. The script
executive stores this information in a set of intrinsic variables before
beginning execution. In addition there are intrinsic variables that
contain the results of the last command issued. These are set by the
script executive after such statements are executed.
The syntax for using a variable depends on the statement or
expression in which it is used. Below is a list of all the intrinsic
variables:
FireScript Intrinsic Variables
Variable

Meaning and Usage

FwUserId

The users user ID on the firewall. Some firewalls

require users to log in to the firewall before
allowing other connections to be made through the
firewall.

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FwPassword

The users password on the firewall. Required if

the user must log in to the firewall.

FwAccount

Account on the firewall. Required if the user must

specify an account on the firewall. Practically
unheard of but included in case required.

FwAddress

The IP address of the firewall. Required if the user

must connect to the firewall, and have the firewall
in turn connect to the FTP server and act as proxy.

HostUserId

The users ID on the FTP server. Almost always

required. Specify anonymous if the user does not
have a user ID on the server.

HostPassword

The users password on the FTP server. Almost

always required in conjunction with a user ID. Use
your email address as the password when using
anonymous for the user ID.

HostAccount

The users account on the FTP server. To access

certain information in some operating systems,
FTP servers on those systems require an account to
be sent after successful login with user ID and
password.

HostAddress

The IP address of the host. The script executive

may connect directly to this address, or will send
the address to a firewall that will act as a proxy.

LastFtpCode

The 3-digit, numeric code of the last response

received from the FTP server or firewall. For
example, after a successful login, the LastFtpCode
would be 230.

LastReply

The text of the last response from the server. e.g.

"230 user logged in"

FireScripts neither need nor use user-defined variables, so there are no

variable declarations. Also, since the FireScript cannot directly set the
value of one of the intrinsic variables, there is no need for any
assignment statements.

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String Expansion
Some of the commands and functions in the FireScript language take
strings as arguments. To these you may either pass a string variable or
a string literal surrounded by double quotes, e.g. "This is a string." To
put a double quote inside a string, preface it with the percent sign %.
The percent sign % is used as an escape character to embed variables
and quote characters in strings.
The sequence %% is replaced by a single %.
The sequence %" is replaced by ".
% followed by the name of a variable is replaced by the value of the
variable.
For example, the script statement below:
send ("OPEN %HostAddress")
If HostAddress is equal to "ftp.ipswitch.com" when this script is
invoked, the command will be expanded to:
send ("OPEN ftp.ipswitch.com")
the expression,
contains (lastreply, "%% full")
will be expanded at runtime to:
contains(lastreply "% full")
and the statement
send ("SITE SETLOG %"f:\log files\access.log%"
-clear")
the expanded string sent will be:
SITE SETLOG "f:\log files\access.log" -clear
Passing a string variable is equivalent to, but faster than passing a
string literal that expands the variable.
Example:
isempty(FwPassword)
is equivalent to but faster than
isempty("%FwPassword")

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Function Expressions
Currently the FireScript language does not allow full-blown
expressions. It does include two function expressions with some
boolean operators for evaluating the state of variables. They are
contains and isempty. The boolean operators supported are not and
and.
The contains function takes two strings and returns true if the second
string is found in the first. The search is case sensitive. Both strings
are expanded first.
The isempty function takes a string and returns true if there are any
characters in the string. You can use it to test if a value was specified
for one of the intrinsic variables.
The not boolean operator reverses the value returned by the function
expression.
Example:
If the HostAccount variable contains the value usr987i
isempty (HostAccount) will return false but
not isempty(HostAccount) will evaluate to true.
The and boolean operator requires all specified conditions to be true.
Example, If the HostAccount variable contains a value such as
usr987I
The last reply from the server is "230 User logged in, please send
account"
then the following expression will evaluate to true:
case (200..299) and not isempty(HostAccount)
and contains(lastreply, "ACCOUNT") :

FireScript Statements
The FireScript language includes several types of statements.
Statements cause actions to be taken, or direct the flow of execution of
the script. The following sections describe the types of statements.

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Switch Statements
The send statement and the xauth statement are called switching
statements, because they imply an immediate switch statement based
on the server response. The switch statement contains case statements
very similar to Java and C++ case statements, except the conditions
are not constants checked against a single expression.
A switching statement such as send and xauth is always immediately
followed by a set of case statements between curly braces { <case
statements> }. The set of case statements may be empty, in which case
there is nothing between the curly braces, but the braces must be
present.
Example of Switch Statement:
send ("USER %FwUserId") {}
The send statement takes a single argument, the string to be sent to the
server. The string is expanded before it is sent. The maximum legal
length for the expanded string is about 512 bytes, the maximum length
of an FTP line. The send command then waits on a response from the
server and evaluates the response against the conditions in each of the
enclosed case statements.
The xauth statement takes no arguments. It examines the welcome
banner for an xauth invitation supplied by WS_FTP server. If it is not
connected to WS_FTP server or cannot find the invitation, xauth does
nothing, andthe case statements are not evaluated. If it does find the
invitation, it encodes the user ID and password and sends the xauth
command to the server. It then waits on the response and evaluates it
against the case statements just as the send command does.

Case Statements
Case statements are enclosed in switching statements. A case
statement lists a set of conditions that the server response must satisfy
for the case to be activated.
The list of conditions is followed by a colon ':'.
Case stataments are processed in the order in which they are listed
until the first match is found.

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Once a match is found for the conditions in a case statement, then the
nested statements are executed.
A case condition may be a list of FTP codes and code ranges, a
function expression, or one of the special cases, any and timeout.
If a case includes a list of ftp codes/ranges, the list must appear first,
followed by any function expressions. The list is comma separated
and enclosed in parentheses. Each item in the list must either be a
single 3-digit code, or a range specified by two 3-digit codes separated
by a double period ... The range is inclusive and it is recommended
that the lower bound be specified first.
The special cases any and timeout must appear by themselves.
Examples of Case Statements
The following case condition will match if the returned ftp code is
either 226 or 231.
case (226, 231)

The following case conditions will match if the returned ftp code is
either 226 or 231, or between 250 and 299 inclusive. So 250 itself
will match, as well as 251, 252 etc. up to 299
case (226, 231, 250..299) :
The following case conditions will match if the returned ftp code is in
the 300s and the returned string contains the text "email address".
case (300..399) and contains(lastreply, "email
address") :
The following case conditions will match if the returned ftp code is
500 or greater and the returned string contains the specified error
message
case (500..999) and contains(lastreply, "user
%HostUserId cannot login.") :
If a case contains more than one condition they must be separated by
and. The and operator specifies that all the listed conditions must be
satisifed. So in the previous example, the ftpcode must be between
500 and 599 AND the lastreply most also contain the specified string.
Both must be true. If either is false, the case will not match.
The not operator reverses the result of a function. We may for
example want to make sure that the last response does not contain a

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certain string. For example:

case (500..599) and not contains(lastreply,
"server is busy") :
There is no or operator. The same logic may be applied by using
multiple case statements.
The following case condition will match if the send command timed
out.
case timeout :
Case any is the catch all case, and if present should be the last case in
the enclosing list. If it is followed by other case statements they will
never be evaluated.
For example, the following case condition will always match.
case any:
If case statements overlap and two case statements would match the
response, then the first one encountered will be executed.
Example:
case (200..299) and contains(lastreply, "please
send user account") :
...
case (200..299) :
...
If the case with the contains function appeared after the one without it,
it would never get evaluated.

Continue
Unlike C and C++, execution inside a case statement does not fall
through to the next case statement. Only the statements listed under
the activated case are executed. Then execution continues at the next
statement after the enclosing switching statement. The continue
statement jumps to the statement following the enclosing switching
statement. It does the same thing as a break, inside of a C/C++ switch
statement, except it is not absolutely necessary.
Switching statements may not be nested. That is, neither a send
statement nor an xauth statement may appear inside a case statement.

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Jumps and Labels

A jump statement transfers execution to another part of the script. The
jump destination must be defined by a label that also appears in the
script. The Ipswitch example FireScripts use jumps to different code
sequences from inside case statements, so the code that gets executed
depends on which case was activated.
A label declaration consists of the word label, followed by the name
of the label and a semicolon.
A jump statement consists of the word jump, followed by the name of
the jump destination, and a semicolon.
A label may not appear inside a case statement. You cant jump into a
case statement.

Return
The return statement acts like a function in that it takes a single
parameter, either true or false to indicate success or failure. It
terminates script execution and returns to the caller. If it returns true,
the connection is assumed to be logged in and authorized. If it returns
false, the caller may either try again or abandon the connection.

Autodetect
The autodetect statement examines the last reply from the server to
help determine the host type of the FTP server to which it is
connected. Autodetect expects to examine the welcome banner so the
statement should be placed immediately after the welcome banner is
returned. Here are two example banners returned from two popular
FTP servers. Autodetect would detect the first as being a Microsoft
NT server, and the second as being an Ipswitch WS_FTP server.
220 tstsrvnt Microsoft FTP Service (Version 3.0).
220 tstsrvws X2 WS_FTP Server 1.0.5 (1737223651)

If connection was made directly to the host FTP server and the
welcome banner was already returned before the script begins
execution, then autodetect should be the first statement in the script.
If the connection was made to the firewall and the welcome banner
from the host ftp server becomes available later in the script, the

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autodetect statement should be placed at that point. If the firewall

swallows or replaces the welcome banner from the ftp host, or for
some other reason, the ftp client never sees the welcome banner, then
leave out the autodetect statement. WS_FTP Pro will try to determine
the host type after the script executes.
Autodetect does nothing if the host type in the site profile is set to
anything other than Auto Detect. The autodetect statement has no
return value and does not change the flow of the script.

SSL Statements
The tryssl and gossl commands attempt to open a secure channel with
the server via SSL. The difference between them is that if gossl fails,
the script will terminate and return false, while if tryssl fails, the
script will continue. The commands can appear more than once in the
program. If a secure connection was not requested, or has already
been established, the commands will do nothing. If the commands fail
to go secure, they will display a message box to the user, asking the
user if she wishes to continue in the clear, try again for SSL later in
the sequence, or abandon the connection. If the user chooses to
continue in the clear, future calls to tryssl or gossl will do nothing.
When the script completes, the script executive checks the SSL status
of the connection to make sure that a request for a secure connection
was honored. In the site profile, if the user selected Use SSL, then the
script executive will issue a warning to the user if the connection is
not secure. At this point the user may abandon the connection. This
warning is issued if a secure connection was attempted and the user
chose to continue in the clear.
The placement of the attempts to open an SSL channel can be very
important, depending on the type of firewall through which the script
is connecting.

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FireScript Key Words

Below is a complete list of all the keywords used and understood by
the language. You may not use these words as label names.
gossl

tryssl

autodetect

send

xauth

case

continue

and

not

any

timeout

return

jump

label

true

false

FireScript reserved words

The following words are reserved for future versions of the language
and the parser. You should not use these words to name your labels

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switch

if

for

next

while

loop

break

function

int

bool

string

var

password

or

FireScript statements
gossl

tryssl

autodetect

send

xauth

jump

return

continue

FireScript intrinsic functions

contains

isempty

FireScript intrinsic variables

FwUserId

FwPassword

FwAccount

FwAddress

HostUserId

HostPassword

HostAccount

HostAddress

LastFtpCode

LastReply

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Appendix B: Textual Error Messages

This Appendix lists common textual error messages. Each error message is
followed by an explanation of the error, and some possible workarounds or
solutions, if any exist.
Some of these error messages are returned by the FTP protocol and will
appear in the WS_FTP log, preceded by a three-digit reply code.
Others of these textual error messages may appear in dialog boxes generated
by WS_FTP Pro or your operating system.
For more information, see the KnowledgeBase on the Ipswitch web site,
www.ipswitch.com.

Blocking call canceled

There are several possible causes for this problem. Try these tests in the
order shown:
1

Disconnect from the FTP site if you are currently connected to it. Then
turn on passive mode. After you have done this, try reconnecting to the
site.

If you still receive this error message, set the network timeout for the
site to 120 in the Classic interface:

If you are connected to a site, select Disconnect from the File menu.

Select Connect from the File menu to view the Connection

dialog box.

In the Configured Sites list, select the site.

Click the Advanced Properties button.

Click the Advanced tab.

Enter 120 for the Network Timeout.

If you still receive this error after making the above changes, try the
command line FTP (not the WS_FTP Command Line) and see if you
can connect and how long it takes. Once you know how long it takes to
connect, enter this time into the Network Timeout setting on the
Advanced tab of the site properties as described above.

If you still cannot connect please contact the FTP server administrator
for assistance.
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Cannot create file

This error usually means one of two things:

The file already exists and is in use; therefore, you cannot

overwrite the file.

You do not have sufficient permission to create the file in the

current directory.

Cant get xxx host entry

This error means that the host name you have entered for the FTP site cannot
be resolved to an IP address. (Host names are resolved to IP addresses by a
Domain Name Server.)
Check the Host Name box on the Host Info tab of site properties. It
must contain a valid host name or a valid IP address. Enter the host name
in this format:
ftp.ipswitch.com
Do not use:
http://ftp.ipswitch.com/Ipswitch/Product_Downloads
ftp://ftp.ipswitch.com

Cant set guest privileges

If you have a personal account on this FTP site, use the corresponding user
ID and password assigned to you by the FTP site administrator (instead of an
Anonymous login). Make sure the Anonymous box is turned off on the
Host Info tab, and enter the appropriate user ID and password.

Connection refused
Either the host is not running an FTP server program, or else the FTP site is
accepting connections only from certain clients.

Directory identifier unavailable

You get this error message if the connection to the current FTP site has timed
out and you try to refresh the display.

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Disk quota exceeded

The disk quota is not determined by WS_FTP Pro; it exists on the FTP site.
You can either delete some files on the site to make room for your upload (if
you have permission) or get more space from the site administrator.

Failed data channel

Disconnect from the FTP site if you are currently connected to it. Then turn
on passive mode.

File too large to download

This message is coming from the FTP site that you are connected to.
This site has a limit on how large a file you can download.

Illegal port command

Disconnect from the FTP site if you are currently connected to it. Then turn
on passive mode.

Invalid page fault

This error is usually caused by an incorrect system date or system time,
either on your PC or on the FTP site you are connecting to.

Logon failure; Quitting.

The FTP site is not recognizing or accepting your user ID and/or password.
Contact the FTP site administrator to verify that you are using the correct
User ID and password.

MDTM
The current FTP site does not support Month-Day-Time-Marking; this
means that after the file was uploaded, WS_FTP attempted to preserve the
date and time, but the FTP site does not support this feature. However, files
transferred correctly. Note that this is not a fatal error, even though it
displays in red.

Textual Error Messages

WS_FTP Pro

91

Port command failed

Disconnect from the FTP site if you are currently connected to it. Then turn
on passive mode.

User access denied

The error 530 user access denied indicates that you are not properly
logged on to the server. Make sure the information on the Host Info tab
of site properties is correct. Common problems are spaces, case sensitive
entries, or incorrect user name or password. If you are unsure whether or
not you are using the correct user name and password, contact the FTP
site administrator.
Most FTP sites support anonymous logins where you do not have to
have an actual account on the FTP site in order to download files; the
user ID is the word Anonymous and the password is your e-mail address.
To test this, try connecting to the Ipswitch FTP site (ftp.ipswitch.com)
using the user ID Anonymous.
If you do have to have an actual account on the FTP server, for example,
a server where you place your web pages, then you will need to obtain a
user ID and password from the server administrator and enter them in the
host information tab.

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Index

unavailable error 90
Disk quota exceeded error 91
download (defined) 1

Numerics
530 user access denied 92

A
accounts on FTP sites 4
anonymous FTP 4
ASCII files 19
attributes for UNIX files 24
autoexec.bat 63
automating file transfers 68

B
batch files 67
bitmaps 19
Blocking call canceled error
89

C
Cant get xxx host entry
error 90
Cant set guest privileges
error 90
Cannot create file error 90
cgi files 19
chmod (command) 24
Classic interface (defined) 5
client-server 1
command line 63
command prompt 52, 63
Connection refused error 90

D
data connection 60
dates and times
criteria for finding files
and folders 48
Directory identifier

E
Editor/Debugger window 52
e-mail address 4
error messages 70, 89
exe files 19
executable files 19
Explorer Interface 27
Explorer interface (defined) 5

F
failed data channel error 91
file name as criteria for finding
files 47
file names with spaces 66
file size as criteria for finding
files 49
File too large to download
error 91
files
ASCII 19
compressed, transferring
19
executables, transferring
19
htm 19
html 19
postscript 19
Find Utility 45
finding files and folders 45
FireScript 73
firewall types 60
firewalls 59
router-based 60
folders
with subfolders 69
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
client (defined) 1
server (defined) 1

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

(defined) 1
FTP sites
accounts on 4
viewing contents of 5
FTP URL (defined) 6

G
gateways 59
group permissions 25

H
hierarchical folders. See
folders
host name of firewall 60
htm files 19
html files 19
HTTP 1

I
Illegal port command error
91
installing WS_FTP Pro 3
interfaces of WS_FTP Pro 4
Invalid page fault 91
IP address of firewall 60
Ipswitch, Inc.
getting software updates 8
giving feedback 8
web site 8

J
jpg files 19

L
local area network 1
Local System (defined) 5
logging on 3, 4
Logon failure. Quitting. 91

Index 93
WS_FTP Pro

MDTM error 91
messages
suppressing with the
command line 70
messages, error 89
Microsoft Internet Explorer 7
mirroring files and folders 41
modem 1
modes for UNIX files 24
Month-Day-Time-Marking 91
MS-DOS prompt 63

Remote System (defined) 5

router-based firewalls 60

N
name of file as criteria for
finding files 47
names (file) with spaces 66
Netscape Navigator 7
New Features in version 7.0 2

O
owner permissions 25

P
passive transfers 60
patches 8
permissions for UNIX files 24
Port command failed 92
port of firewall 61
postscript files 19
pre-scheduled transfers 68
prompts 41
Proxy OPEN (firewall) 60
public folder 4

Q
queuing transfer tasks 55, 68
Queuing Utility 55

94

Index
WS_FTP Pro

S
scheduling transfers 57, 68
scripting 51
example 53
Scripting Utility 51
scripts, writing and debugging
52
server
See also FTP site
server (defined) 1
SITE hostname (firewall) 60
site. See FTP sites
size of file as criteria for
finding file 49
software patches 8
spaces in file names
transferring with
command line 66
SSL
generating a certificate 36
selecting a certificate 37
trusted authorities 38
adding a certificate 39
exporting a certificate 39
removing a certificate 39

SSL (definition) 33
certificate 34
certificate signing request
34
client 34
private key 34
public key 34
session key 34
startup
transfer mode 21
sticky bit 25
suppressing error messages
using the command line 70

Synchronize Utility 41
synchronizing files and folders
41
system requirements 2

T
text files 19
time. See dates and times
Transfer Manager 29
transfer modes
defined 21
startup 21
transferring files
See also downloading,
uploading
ASCII 19
binary 19
compressed 19
HTML 19
images 19
jpg 19
photographs 19
pictures 19
postscript 19
scheduling 68
text 19
with spaces, using
command line 66
zipped 19
Transparent (firewall) 60

U
uninstalling WS_FTP Pro 9
UNIX 24
UNIX FTP sites 24
upgrades 8
upload (defined) 1
URL (defined) 6
User access denied 92
USER fireID@remoteHost
(firewall) 60
user interfaces of WS_FTP Pro

4
USER remoteID @remoteHost
fireID (firewall) 60
USER remoteID@fireID
@remoteHost (firewall) 60
USER with no logon (firewall)
60
Utility
Find 45
Queuing 55
Scripting 51
Synchronize 41

V
viewing
files and folders 5

W
Web browser integration 6
wildcard characters for finding
files and folders 47
wildcards
in command line 69
World Wide Web 1
WS_FTP Find Utility 45
WS_FTP Pro Development Kit
8
WS_FTP Queuing Utility 55
WS_FTP Scripting Utility 51
WS_FTP Server 7
WS_FTP Synchronize Utility
41

Z
zip files
transferring 19

Index 95
WS_FTP Pro

96

Index
WS_FTP Pro