University

College of Southeast Norway

ASP.NET
Web Programming
Hans-Petter Halvorsen, 2016.11.01

http://home.hit.no/~hansha

Table of Contents
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Visual Studio ................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 C# ................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 .NET Framework ........................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) .......................................................................... 5
2 Visual Studio ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 7
2.2 Getting Started ............................................................................................................. 7
2.2.1 Integrated Development Environment (IDE) ........................................................ 7
2.2.2 New Project ........................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Solution Explorer ................................................................................................... 9
2.2.4 Toolbox .................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.5 Editors and Designers .......................................................................................... 10
2.2.6 Properties window .............................................................................................. 11
2.2.7 Build and Debug Tools ......................................................................................... 12
3 Introduction to Web Programming ................................................................................... 13
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Web Browser .............................................................................................................. 14
3.3 HTML .......................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 CSS .............................................................................................................................. 15
3.5 JavaScript ................................................................................................................... 15
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Table of Contents

3.6 ASP.NET ...................................................................................................................... 16

3.7 AJAX/ ASP.NET AJAX ................................................................................................... 16
3.8 Silverlight .................................................................................................................... 16
4 Introduction to ASP.NET ................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 18
4.2 ASP.NET Web Pages ................................................................................................... 20
4.3 ASP.NET SPA ............................................................................................................... 20
4.4 ASP.NET MVC ............................................................................................................. 20
4.5 ASP.NET Web Forms .................................................................................................. 21
5 ASP.NET Web Forms ......................................................................................................... 22
5.1 Hello World Example .................................................................................................. 22
6 Internet Information Services (IIS) .................................................................................... 26
6.1 Web Server ................................................................................................................. 26
7 Working with Databases in ASP.NET ................................................................................. 27
7.1 Database Systems ...................................................................................................... 27
7.1.1 Mirosoft SQL Server ............................................................................................ 27
7.2 SQL ............................................................................................................................. 27
7.3 SQL Server + ASP.NET ................................................................................................. 29
7.3.1 Simple Database Examplee ................................................................................. 29
7.4 ADO.NET ..................................................................................................................... 31
7.4.1 Example ............................................................................................................... 31
8 Web Services ..................................................................................................................... 35
9 Example: Weather System ................................................................................................ 36

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

1 Introduction
ASP.NET is a framework for creating web sites, apps and services with HTML, CSS and
JavaScript.

1.1 Visual Studio

Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It
can be used to develop console and graphical user interface applications along with
Windows Forms applications, web sites, web applications, and web services in both native
code together with managed code for all platforms supported by Microsoft Windows,
Windows Phone, Windows CE, .NET Framework, .NET Compact Framework and Microsoft
Silverlight.
Below we see the integrated development environment (IDE) in Visual Studio:

New projects are created from the New Project window:

Introduction

1.2 C#
C# is pronounced see sharp. C# is an object-oriented programming language and part of
the .NET family from Microsoft. C# is very similar to C++ and Java. C# is developed by
Microsoft and works only on the Windows platform.

1.3 .NET Framework

The .NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework that runs primarily on
Microsoft Windows. It includes a large library and supports several programming languages
which allow language interoperability (each language can use code written in other
languages). The .NET library is available to all the programming languages that .NET
supports. Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a software environment,
known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR), an application virtual machine that
provides important services such as security, memory management, and exception handling.
The class library and the CLR together constitute the .NET Framework.

1.4 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

Introduction

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around

"objects" rather than "actions" and data rather than logic. Historically, a program has been
viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and produces output data.
The first step in OOP is to identify all the objects you want to manipulate and how they
relate to each other, an exercise often known as data modeling. Once you've identified an
object, you generalize it as a class of objects and define the kind of data it contains and any
logic sequences that can manipulate it. Each distinct logic sequence is known as a method. A
real instance of a class is called an object or an instance of a class. The object or class
instance is what you run in the computer. Its methods provide computer instructions and
the class object characteristics provide relevant data. You communicate with objects - and
they communicate with each other.
Important features with OOP are:

Classes and Objects

Inheritance
Polymorphism
Encapsulation

Simula was the first object-oriented programming language. Simula was developed in the
1960s by Kristen Nygaard from Norway.
Java, Python, C++, Visual Basic .NET and C# are popular OOP languages today.
Since Simula-type objects are reimplemented in C++, Java and C# the influence of Simula is
often understated. The creator of C++ (1979), Bjarne Stroustrup (from Denmark), has
acknowledged that Simula was the greatest influence on him to develop C++.

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

2 Visual Studio
2.1 Introduction
Home page of Visual Studio: http://www.microsoft.com/visualstudio
There exist different versions of Visual Studio, such as Visual Studio Express (free), Visual
Studio Professional, Visual Studio Premium and Visual Studio Ultimate.

2.2 Getting Started

2.2.1

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

The Visual Studio product family shares a single integrated development environment (IDE)
that is composed of several elements: the Menu bar, Standard toolbar, various tool windows
docked or auto-hidden on the left, bottom, and right sides, as well as the editor space. The
tool windows, menus, and toolbars available depend on the type of project or file you are
working in.
Below we see the Visual Studio IDE (Integrated Development Environment):

2.2.2

Visual Studio

New Project

The first thing you do when you want to create a new application is to create a new project.
This can be done from the Start Page:

Or from the File menu:

Then the New Project window appears:

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

Visual Studio

In this window you will select an appropriate template based on what kind of application you
want to create, and a name and location for your project and solution.
The most common applications are:

Windows Form Application

Console Application
WPF Application
ASP.NET Web Application
Silverlight Application

2.2.3

Solution Explorer

Solutions and projects contain items that represent the references, data connections,
folders, and files that you need to create your application. A solution container can contain
multiple projects and a project container typically contains multiple items.

2.2.4

Toolbox

The Toolbox contains all the necessary controls, etc. you need to create your user interface.
See Figure below.

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Visual Studio

The Toolbox contains all the controls, etc. we can use

in our user interface.
In order to use them in our user interface, we just drag
and drop them to the Form, as shown below:

2.2.5

Editors and Designers

Visual Studio has different editors and design tools.

Graphical User Interface Designer:

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Visual Studio

Code Editor:

2.2.6

Properties window

Each control we have on our user interface has lots of Properties we can set.
This is done in the Properties window:

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2.2.7

Visual Studio

Build and Debug Tools

In Visual Studio we have lots of Build and Debugging Tools.

Build menu:
Below we see the Build menu:

The most used tool is Build Solution (Shortcut Key: F6).
Debug menu:
Below we see the Debug menu:

The most used tool is Start Debugging (Shortcut Key: F5).

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

3 Introduction to Web
Programming
3.1 Introduction
Today most of the applications focus on the Internet, where the applications can be viewed
in a standard Web Browser. Static Web pages are based on HTML and CSS. In order to create
more advanced applications, we need more powerful tools.

A useful web site for learning more about web development: http://www.w3schools.com
Important frameworks and tools for creating dynamic web pages:

ASP.NET
AJAX/ ASP.NET AJAX
JavaScript
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Introduction to Web

Silverlight

These frameworks and tools will be explained below.

3.2 Web Browser

The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visual or
audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to
interpret the content of the page.
Today we have the following major Web Browsers:

Internet Explorer (by Microsoft)

Firefox (by Mozilla)
Chrome (by Google)
Safari (by Apple)
Opera (by Opera from Norway)

3.3 HTML
HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup language
for web pages. HTML is the basic building-blocks of webpages.
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Introduction to Web

HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags, enclosed in angle brackets
(like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags normally come in pairs like <h1> and
</h1>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag (they are also
called opening tags and closing tags). In between these tags web designers can add text,
tables, images, etc.
Below we see a simple a HTML web page:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

A useful web site for learning more about HTML: http://www.w3schools.com/html

3.4 CSS
Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and
layout of text and other material.
The W3C, maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards
A useful web site for learning more about CSS: http://www.w3schools.com/css

3.5 JavaScript
JavaScript is an object-oriented scripting language basically used to create dynamic web
pages. JavaScript is primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as part
of a web browser in order to provide enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites.
Below we see a simple a HTML web page with JavaScript:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First JavaScript</h1>
<p>Click the button to display the date.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Date();
}

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Introduction to Web

</script>
</body>
</html>

A useful web site for learning more about JavaScript: http://www.w3schools.com/js

3.6 ASP.NET
ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to
build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services.
ASP.NET is part of the Visual Studio package.
It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, and is the
successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the
Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any
supported .NET language, such as C# and VB.NET.
ASP.NET web pages or webpage, known officially as Web Forms], are the main building block
for application development. Web forms are contained in files with an .aspx extension.

3.7 AJAX/ ASP.NET AJAX

AJAX is an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a group of interrelated
web development methods used on the client-side to create interactive web applications.
With Ajax, web applications can send data to, and retrieve data from, a server
asynchronously (in the background) without interfering with the display and behavior of the
existing page.
ASP.NET AJAX is a set of extensions to ASP.NET developed by Microsoft for implementing
AJAX functionality.

3.8 Silverlight
Microsoft Silverlight is an application framework for writing and running browser plug-ins or
other rich internet applications, with features and purposes similar to those of Adobe Flash.
The run-time environment for Silverlight is available as a plug-in for most web browsers.
Silverlight is also one of the two application development platforms for Windows Phone 7/8.
The latest version is Silverlight 5.0.

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Introduction to Web

Silverlight is based on WPF, so in Silverlight applications, user interfaces are declared in

Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) and programmed using a subset of the .NET
Framework.

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

4 Introduction to ASP.NET
4.1 Introduction
ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to
build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services.
ASP.NET is a framework fro creating web sites, apps and services with HTML, CSS and
JavaScript.
Web Site: http://www.asp.net
ASP.NET supports different approaches for making web sites or web pages.

ASP.NET Web Pages uses a single page model that mixes code and HTML markup.
ASP.NET SPA (Single Page Application)
ASP.NET Web Forms uses controls and an event-model for component-based
development.
ASP.NET MVC (Model View Controller) values separation of concerns and enables
easier test-driven development.

You can mix and match these techniques within one application depending on your needs.

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Introduction to ASP.NET

Video: http://www.asp.net/aspnet/overview/making-websites-with-aspnet/making-websites-with-aspnet
New Web Project Dialog:
Select Project Name, Loction and Solution Name.

Next, seelct the template you want to use.

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Introduction to ASP.NET

4.2 ASP.NET Web Pages

In ASP.NET Web Pages you include server code directly into the HTML syntax, similar to PHP
and Classic ASP.
ASP.NET Web Pages uses Singe Page Model (The server-side code is mixed in between the
HTML). It uses the the Razor syntax (.cshtml files)
A tool called Microsoft WebMatrix is optimized for this development model, but you can
also use Visual Studio if you want to.
http://www.w3schools.com/aspnet

4.3 ASP.NET SPA

SPA Single Page Application

For more information: http://www.asp.net/single-page-application

4.4 ASP.NET MVC

MVC Model - View Controller

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Introduction to ASP.NET

A new development model where you split your development into 3 parts/components:
Models for Data, Views for Display and Controllers for Input.

4.5 ASP.NET Web Forms

ASP.NET is similiar to the desktop development model used in WPF. GUI (*.aspx files) and
Code (*.aspx.cs) is separated.
In this document we will focus on ASP.NET Web Forms.

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

5 ASP.NET Web Forms

The main focus in this tutorial will be ASP.NET Web Forms.

5.1 Hello World Example

When you are finished, your Web App should look something like this:

When you enter your Name in the TextBox and click the OK Button, the program should
respond with a greetings.
Seelct Create New Project:

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ASP.NET Web Forms

You have lots of choices here but we just want to create a very simple Web Form App.

Create New Web Form:

WinForm1.aspx Page: Used to create the GUI/HMI

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ASP.NET Web Forms

Hello world Example GUI:

WebForm1.aspx.cs:

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ASP.NET Web Forms

Running the Application (F5):

Congratulations, you have created your first ASP.NET Web Forms application.

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

6 Internet Information
Services (IIS)
6.1 Web Server
The term web server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the
computer application) that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the
Internet.
The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as
gaming, data storage or running enterprise applications.

IIS - Internet Information Services, Microsoft Windows

Apache Web Server, Open Source, Cross-platform: UNIX, Linux, OS X, Windows, ...
Nginx (pronounced "engine x") - Has become very popular latly
GWS (Google Web Server)
etc.

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7 Working with Databases in

ASP.NET
Today, most of the web sites and web pages uses a database to store data that is visible on
the web page, e.g. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.

7.1 Database Systems

There are lots of different database systems, or DBMS Database Management Systems,
such as:

Microsoft SQL Server

o Enterprise, Developer versions, etc.
o Express version is free of charge
Oracle
MySQL (Oracle, previously Sun Microsystems) - MySQL can be used free of charge
(open source license), Web sites that use MySQL: YouTube, Wikipedia, Facebook
MariaDB (The New MySQL)
Microsoft Access
IBM DB2
Sybase
lots of other systems

7.1.1

Mirosoft SQL Server

Microsoft is the vendor of SQL Server. We have different editions of SQL Server, where SQL
Server Express is free to download and use. We will focus on SQL Server in this tutorial.

7.2 SQL
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a database computer language designed for managing
data in relational database management systems (RDBMS).
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Working with Databases in ASP.NET

SQL, is a standardized computer language that was originally developed by IBM for querying,
altering and defining relational databases, using declarative statements.
SQL is pronounced /s kju l/ (letter by letter) or /sikwl/ (as a word).
What can SQL do?

SQL can execute queries against a database

SQL can retrieve data from a database
SQL can insert records in a database
SQL can update records in a database
SQL can delete records from a database
SQL can create new databases
SQL can create new tables in a database
SQL can create stored procedures in a database
SQL can create views in a database
SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views

Even if SQL is a standard, many of the database systems that exist today implement their
own version of the SQL language. In this document we will use the Microsoft SQL Server as
an example.
Here are some examples of SQL queries:

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Working with Databases in ASP.NET

In this Tutorial we will focus on Microsoft SQL Server. SQL Server uses T-SQL (Transact-SQL).
T-SQL is Microsoft's proprietary extension to SQL. T-SQL is very similar to standard SQL, but
in addition it supports some extra functionality, built-in functions, etc.
In order to use databases in our applications we need to know Structured Query language
(SQL). For more information about SQL, see the following Tutorial: Structured Query
Language (SQL)
The Tutorials are available from: http://home.hit.no/~hansha

7.3 SQL Server + ASP.NET

SQL Server + ASP.NET = Powerful Web Applications

7.3.1

Simple Database Examplee

Create a Database called LIBRARY and a BOOK table in SQL Server. Enter some Test data into
the BOOK table.

Fill a GridView with data from the Database Table (BOOK), as shown below

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Working with Databases in ASP.NET

Use the Wizard in order to create all the magic you need in your application:

When finishing the Wizard, your .aspx page should look something like this

As you see - No Code needed to be written in this example J

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Working with Databases in ASP.NET

This is OK for quick demos but for professional applications, you need to use some
hardcore ADO.NET or similiar frameworks.

7.4 ADO.NET
ADO.NET (ActiveX Data Object for .NET) is a set of computer software components that
programmers can use to access data and data services. It is a part of the base class library
that is included with the Microsoft .NET Framework. It is commonly used by programmers to
access and modify data stored in relational database systems, though it can also access data
in non-relational sources.

7.4.1

Example

This time: Create everything from scratch using C# code and ADO.NET. Fill a
DropDownList with Book Names from the Database Print the Author Name based on
the selected BookName on the screen, see below.

Your .aspx page should look something like this:

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Working with Databases in ASP.NET

Your .aspx.cs page should look something like this:

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Working with Databases in ASP.NET

The Page_load() method is executed when the Web Page is loaded. In this simple example
we put all the code into the Event Handler for the DropDownList. The code could be
improved by creating a separate Class where you put this code into a Method.
The FillBookList method is as follows:

The code could be improved by creating a separate Class where you create this Method.

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Working with Databases in ASP.NET

All kind og configuration should be stored in the Web.config file, including Database
Connection Strings, etc.

Tutorial: ASP.NET and Web Programming

8 Web Services
In order to share data between devices over Internet, Web Services is the solution.
In ASP.NET there are several alternatives for creating such Web Services.

See the Tutorial Web Services with Examples for more details.
Visual Studio and ASP.NET has powerful features for creating Web Services:

ASMX Web Service (Traditional Web Wervice using SOAP)

ASP.NET Web API (The modern Web Service using REST, Web 2.0)

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9 Example: Weather System

Below we see an example of a Web Site created in ASP.NET. The Web Site present weather
data from the Weather station located at Telemark University College.

For more information, please visit:
http://home.hit.no/~hansha/weather.htm

36

Hans-Petter Halvorsen, M.Sc.

E-mail: [email protected]
Blog: http://home.hit.no/~hansha/

University College of Southeast Norway

www.usn.no