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    The document discusses various aspects of map reproduction for print and non-print mediums. It covers planning considerations like audience and budget. It also covers processes like raster image processing, screening, editing maps, and different printing options for low-volume and high-volume reproduction.

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    Aasasasadasda

    Uploaded by

    Denica Ü Javier
    41 views4 pages
    The document discusses various aspects of map reproduction for print and non-print mediums. It covers planning considerations like audience and budget. It also covers processes like raster image processing, screening, editing maps, and different printing options for low-volume and high-volume reproduction.

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    The document discusses various aspects of map reproduction for print and non-print mediums. It covers planning considerations like audience and budget. It also covers processes like raster image processing, screening, editing maps, and different printing options for low-volume and high-volume reproduction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views4 pages

    Aasasasadasda

    Uploaded by

    Denica Ü Javier
    The document discusses various aspects of map reproduction for print and non-print mediums. It covers planning considerations like audience and budget. It also covers processes like raster image processing, screening, editing maps, and different printing options for low-volume and high-volume reproduction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Map Reproduction

    Slocum: Chapter 12 p. 229 Map reproduction


    Map dissemination
    Planning ahead
    Map editing
    Raster image processing
    Screening
    Process color
    Low-volume printing options
    Offset lithography
    Non-print reproduction and dissemination

    Planning Ahead
    Who is intended audience? Purpose of map?
    Influences almost every aspect of reproduction
    process.

    What is your budget?


    When is your deadline?
    What is the final medium for display?
    Printed Paper, cloth, plastic?
    Displayed file size, optimal resolution

    Map Editing
    Critical evaluation and correction
    Map design:
    Does the design serve the purpose based on
    intended audience and use?
    Does it communicated clearly and unambiguously?

    Completeness: are any features, map elements


    or type labels missing?
    Accuracy: Position, spelling, attribute values

    Reproduction Versus Dissemination


    Reproduction
    Printing or electronic duplication in digital form

    Dissemination
    Distribution of maps in print or non-print form
    Download from Internet
    z

    Disseminated and reproduced at same time.

    Print distinct processes

    Planning Ahead
    Black and White (gray tones)? Color?
    Influences cost dramatically.

    What size will map be?


    How many copies required?
    Will map be folded?
    What level of quality is acceptable?
    Copyright issues

    Map Editing
    Over familiarity
    Loss of objectivity separate producer from editor

    Edit with fresh eyes at the beginning of a work


    session
    Edit large maps in sections
    View maps upside down and sideways
    Edit after a period of time has elapsed.

    Raster Image Processing for Print


    Reproduction

    Raster printing devices predominate


    Pen devices obsolete

    Vector model may be used in preparation


    linear features, type etc.
    But will be transferred to raster form for printing

    Raster Image Processing for Print


    Reproduction
    Raster and vector
    models in digital
    map file

    Application Software

    Printer Driver
    Convert digital map
    file to page
    description data
    PDD
    Interpret PDD to
    raster image
    Process raster
    image prints map

    Screening for Print Reproduction


    Screening
    lighter colors reduce ink / toner applied to print
    medium
    z

    Tints - gray shades

    Halftone screening
    z
    z
    z

    Equally spaced dots of variable size


    Size of dot determines lightness of tint
    >50% tint white dots on color background

    Raster Image
    Processor (RIP)

    PostScript device
    independent page
    description
    language PDL ISO standard

    Printing Device

    PDL
    page description language
    A page description language (PDL) specifies the
    arrangement of a printed page through commands from
    a computer that the printer carries out. Hewlett
    Packard's Printer Control Language (PCL) and Adobe's
    Postscript are the two most commonly used PDLs.
    http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci788491,00.html

    Stochastic screening pseudorandom spacing

    Halftone Screen Process

    Halftone Screening Parameters

    The term Halftone Screen refers to the pattern of


    dots of varying sizes applied to an image of
    varying tones, or same sized dots applied to a
    tint of color
    http://www.dtp-aus.com/hlftone.htm

    Tint percentage

    http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/003/T0390E/T0390E10.htm

    Screen Angle

    z
    z

    Cell type shape


    Transitions

    Screen frequency /(ruling)


    z
    z
    z

    z
    z

    Line spacing (lines per inch lpi)


    Low frequency individual dots seen coarse
    High frequency interpreted as solid, light color
    Multiple colors on same page
    Moir patterns only rosette acceptable

    http://www.dtp-aus.com/hlftone.htm

    Aspects of Color Printing


    Process colors versus Spot colors
    Additive, subtractive
    CYM muddy not pure black, lacks crispness
    CYMK Process colors new colors created where semiopaque dyes overlap
    Four color process printing
    Screen angle mixes colors moir patterns
    z

    Rosettes

    Vibrant colors difficult to reproduce


    z
    z

    Red, Orange, Green, Blue


    RGB can produce a greater color range

    Pantone Matching System (PMS)

    Aspects of Color Printing


    Spot colors
    Opaque inks
    Premixed

    Tints created from spot colors through screening


    Pantone Matching System (PMS)
    Printed color swatches
    Inks mixed to specific formulae
    z

    Pantone Color Formula Guide

    Aspects of Color Printing


    High-Fidelity Process Colors
    Based on CYMK include 2 or 3 additional colors
    Variety and vibrancy of colors
    Accurate color matching
    Pantone Hexachrome six-color system, more
    saturated CYM and orange and green
    Plug-in software

    Aspects of Color Printing


    Continuous Tone Color Printing
    Full-color prints without screening techniques
    Subtle variations in density or volume of toner
    applied to page
    Photographs, images
    Expensive

    Low Volume Print Reproduction


    Laser Printing
    Monochrome, color
    600 1200 dpi
    Up to 11 x 17
    Color copy machines

    Ink-jet Printing
    600 1200 dpi
    Large format, 6-color process possible
    Streaking and fading problems

    Thermal wax transfer


    Dye-sublimation
    Problems crisp lines, fine detail and small type

    Dye Sublimation Printers


    Used at the high end where quality is very important, Dye" in the name comes from the
    fact that the process uses solid dyes instead of inks or toner
    "Sublimation" is the scientific term for a process where solids (in this case dyes) dyes are
    converted into a gas without going through an intervening liquid phase.
    These printers produce photo-realistic continuous-tone images that look like they came
    from a photo lab. Cost per page is as high as $3 to $4 dollars for a letter sized page.
    Olympus P-400 dye-sublimation printer
    A4-size ( 8.25"x 11.7") photograph in only 90 seconds.
    True, continuous-tone dye-sublimation technology provides professional photo prints with
    accurate color reproduction for ultimate output quality
    z

    (The cost per A4-size print, including paper and ink, is a competitive $1.90.)

    How printers work

    Color Management Systems


    Matching colors of graphic display with printed color
    Devices in work flow scanners, monitors, printers etc. introduce
    variation in color
    Same device different colors
    Calibration, operating conditions

    Color Profile
    Colorimeter, spectrophotometer
    Measure precise color values for outputs from each device
    Compare devices color profile with colors as originally defined.

    International Color Consortium (ICC)


    Vendor neutral cross-platform standard

    High Volume Print Reproduction


    Lithography
    200 year old technology

    Offset Lithography
    Large volume reproduction
    Volume discounts

    Offset Printing Technology


    http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/003/T0390E/T0390E12.htm

    Links
    Page 245
    Digital television (DTV)
    Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
    Page 246
    Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
    Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
    Java
    Page 247
    JavaScript
    Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
    ESRIs ArcIMS
    Geography Network
    eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
    Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)

    Links
    Page 235
    Pantone Matching System (PMS)
    Pantone Color Formula Guide
    Page 236
    Hexachrome
    Color management systems (CMSs)
    International Color Consortium (ICC)
    Page 238
    How ink-jet printers work
    Portable Document Format (PDF)
    Page 242
    Duponts Cromacheck
    Duponts Cromalin

    Additional Readings - Chapter 12

    Burnett, M. (2004) Working with your printer. Cartographic Perspectives, no.


    49: 64-66.
    (New) Loppnow, M. (2005) Pre-press and technical support technician.
    Cartographic Perspectives, no. 50: 47-50.
    (New) Pavlicko, P. and Peterson, M. P. (2005) Large-scale topographic web
    maps using scalable vector graphics. Cartographic Perspectives, no. 50: 3446.
    Peterson, M. P. (ed.) (2003) Maps and the Internet. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Page 249
    Fleming (2002) reference

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