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Phased Array Antenna

K5QY has experimented with several phased array antenna configurations including: 1) 2- and 3-element 80m phased vertical arrays with gains over single elements and front-to-back ratios of 20dB or more. 2) 2-element 160m phased vertical arrays also showing gains and improved front-to-back performance. 3) A K9AY receiving loop array for 160m DX consisting of an 85ft receiving loop and matching/switching box. 4) Phased 38ft W8NX inverted vee arrays on 80-10m showing gains comparable to full-size beams but with fewer components.

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395 views42 pages

Phased Array Antenna

K5QY has experimented with several phased array antenna configurations including: 1) 2- and 3-element 80m phased vertical arrays with gains over single elements and front-to-back ratios of 20dB or more. 2) 2-element 160m phased vertical arrays also showing gains and improved front-to-back performance. 3) A K9AY receiving loop array for 160m DX consisting of an 85ft receiving loop and matching/switching box. 4) Phased 38ft W8NX inverted vee arrays on 80-10m showing gains comparable to full-size beams but with fewer components.

Uploaded by

kidus
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© © All Rights Reserved
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K5QYs PHASED ARRAYS

1) 2- and 3-Element 80 m Phased Verticals


2) 2-Element 160 m Phased Verticals
3) K9AY Phased Receiving Array
4) 2-Element Phased 80 10 m Inverted Vees

1)

80 METER 2 & 3 ELEMENT PHASED


VERTICALS

Why Go To The Trouble To Put Up


Three HyTowers?
If you cant hear em You cant work em..
True on 160 m
If you hear em but cant work em You need some kickum
True on 80 m 10 m

IMPORTANCE OF GAIN FOR Dxing

TRANSMIT SYSTEM GAIN (TSG)


TSG (dBW) = 10 log10 (Pt) + (Gt) - (Lt)
Pt = Transmit Output Power
Gt = Ant Gain (dBD) (-2.1 dB for dBi)
Lt = Coax Loss
Ex: 600 W w/RG-213 to TA-33 Beam
= approx 34 dBW TSG
1500 W w/Hardline to 5-ele Beam
= approx 41 dBW TSG

34 dBW TSG = 2 kW ERP


41 dBW TSG = 12.6 kW ERP

WHO WINS?
DX LISTENING UP 10 KHz
10 kW ERP
NOISE + QRM
S-9 LEVEL

12.6 kW ERP

12.6 kW ERP
19.9 kW ERP
10 kW ERP
12.6 kW ERP
INCREASES BY 2 dB
IS NOW 19.9 kW ERP

SIGNAL
STRENGTH
S-9 + 2 dB

LITTLE PISTOLS
PILEUP FREQUENCY

DEFINITIONS
Z = 37 Ohms

SELF IMPEDANCE CHARACTERISTIC OF A


SINGLE ELEMENT

MUTUAL COUPLING EFFECT ONE ELEMENT


IN AN ARRAY HAS ON OTHERS (NO UNIT OF
MEASURMENT)

COUPLED IMPEDANCE THE AMOUNT THE FEEDPOINT IMPEDANCE AN


ELEMENT CHANGES DUE TO MUTUAL COUPLING

FEEDPOINT IMPEDANCE SELF Z + COUPLED Z

GAIN and FRONT-T0-BACK (W7ELs


1.0

Notes On Arrays)

1.0
1.0
+1.0
2.0

In-Phase
1.0

FS

2 mV /M

(100% Match)

1.0
1.0
-1.0
0.0

FS

0 mV /M

Out-Of-Phase

2:0 or infinite F/B Ratio


0.9

1.1
1.1
+0.9
2.0

In-Phase
0.9

FS

2 mV /M

FS

0.2 mV /M

(90% Match)

1.1
1.1
-0.9
0.2

Out-Of-Phase

2:0.2 or 20 dB F/B Ratio

2-ELE VERTICAL ANTENNA SYSTEM


(COMPARED TO SINGLE ELEMENT)
N

BROADSIDE
+1.3 dB
90 deg, -2.7 dB

S
(With endfire effect due to
feedpoint Z of approx 22-j20
and 40+j35 Ohms )

WAVE SPACING

ENDFIRE EAST
+2.9 dB
90 deg, -3 dB
F/B 20 dB

ENDFIRE WEST
+2.9 dB
90 deg, -3 dB
F/B 20 dB
XMTR

3-ELE MATCHING NETWORKS


0
1I

-120
:

1I

-240 Deg
:

1I

-90

1I

-180 Deg

2I

-90

1I

-180 Deg

1I

1I

1I

1I

2I

1I

-90

Jim Lawson W2PV


QST, March 1971
5.6 dB Gain
-8.7 dB F/B

-180 Deg

1I

1.4I

1I

1I

2I

1I

Forrest Gehrke K3BT


HAM Radio, Oct 1983
Gain - Good F/B Very Good
Roy Lewallen W7EL
Notes On Phased Arrays
Gain - Good
Gain Good F/B Very Good
Chuck Vandament Ant EE
Collins Radio / Rockwell Intl
4.6 dB Gain
-12 dB F/B
4.6 dB Gain
-22 dB F/B

WILKINSON (W1CF) POWER DIVIDER


w 75-Ohm Coax
XMTR

Ant A
100-Ohm Res
Ant B

w 75-Ohm Coax

Ant A

Ant B

R1

L1, L2, L3 =
W 93-Ohm
RG-62, -71 Coax

Ant C

R2

R3

L2

L1

L3

XMTR

R1, R2, R2 =150 Ohms

Forrest Gehrke -K2BT L-C Feed System

W7EL SYSTEM

(PHASED ARRAY NOTES)

UTILIZES THE CHARACTERISTIC: LENGTH LINE PRODUCES A CONSTANT


90 Deg PHASE SHIFT BETWEEN INPUT VOLTAGE AND OUTPUT CURRENT,
AND IF TWO LINES ARE TIED TOGETHER, EQUAL CURRENTS FLOW
REGARDLESS OF TERMINATION IMPEDANCES.
WL

I1

Z = 70 Ohms

I2

HE DESCRIBES THIS AS
FORCE FEEDING

I1=I2

WL
Z = 30 Ohms

90 deg L-C
Phase Shift
L-C
Matching
Network

L2

L3

L1

L4
L1, L2, L3, L4 = WL or WL
L5 180 deg TIME
DELAY COAX

K5QY MATCHING METHOD


ESI Steering-Combiner
OMEGA-T Model 2000C
Construction Details Found in
ARRL Antenna Compendium
Volume 2
Titled
Steerable Arrays For The Low Bands
Bob Alexander -W5AH

K5QY MATCHING METHOD


HYBRID POWER DIVIDER
90 deg TIME DELAY COAX

In endfire position, worse case R1


dissipates approx .5 dB power

Beam Steering-Combiner With Coax Delay


Lines

FEEDING 3-ELE HYTOWER SYSTEM


0 deg

LI

-90 deg

180 deg TIME


DELAY COAX

L2

-180 deg

L3

L5

L4
90 deg TIME DELAY COAX

L1 = L2 = L3

XMTR

L4: Ft = 246 / f (MHz) X Velocity Factor


246 / 3.8 = 65 Ft X .66 = 43 Ft (90 deg) DELAY
L5: 2 X L4 = 43 Ft X 2 = 86 Ft (180 deg DELAY

3-ELE VERTICAL ANTENNA SYSTEM


(COMPARED TO SINGLE ELEMENT)
N

BROADSIDE

CLOSED RELAY
2.4 dB
F/S -5.7 dB

S
OPEN RELAY
4.1 dB
F/S -18 dB
1.3 dB
F/S -2.7 dB
+2.9 dB
F/B 20 dB
ENDFIRE WEST
+4.6 dB
90 deg, -10 dB
110 deg, -27 dB
130 deg, -16 dB
F/B 12 dB

XMTR

ENDFIRE EAST
+4.6 dB
90 deg, -10 dB
110 deg, -27 dB
130 deg, -16 dB
F/B 12 dB

2)

160-METER PHASED HYTOWERS

EZNEC MODELS

160 METER 2-ELEMENT PHASED


VERTICALS

3)

HEARING 160 METER DX

720 ft BEVERAGE
K9AY RECEIVING LOOP ARRAY
Encouraged By Steve Bartz -AD5UQ

K9AY RECEIVING LOOP

K9AY RECEIVING LOOP ARRAY


SIGNAL

85 FT LOOP
25 FT

TERMINATION
15.8 FT

5 FT

TO RCVR
15 FT
1:9 IMP XFMR

K9AY LOOP MATCHING & SWITCHING BOX


4NEC2 MODELING OF K9AY LOOP
Modeled by Tom McDermott -N5EG

500-OHM TERMINATION

390 OHM + 1000 pF TERMINATION

4)

PHASED INVERTED-VEEs
Improved Field Day Antenna
Practice Modeling Using 4NEC2

Antenna for Woody Pope KE5YXO


Multiband - No External Tuner - Inexpensive
- Broadband Folded Dipole (BFD)
- Off-Center-Fed Dipoles (OCF)
- Parallel Inverted Vees
- Slopers

4NEC2 MODELING FOR 38 FT VEE

4NEC2 MODELING FOR 38 FT VEE

W8NX L-C TRAPS

TWO PHASED W8NX VEEs SPACED 32 FT


AT 38 FT HIGH

4NEC2 PATTERN PLOTS FOR PHASED


W8NX VEEs

W8NX ARRAY COMPARISONS (38 ft)


GREEN: W8NX ARRAY

RED: FULL-SIZE INVERTED VEE

BLUE: FULL-SIZE 3-ELE BEAM

Tractor-Pulley-Mast Lifting System

Two W8NX 80 -10 Meter Inverted Vees


Spaced 32 ft and 38 ft High

THE END
K5QYs Phased Arrays

http://mysite.verizon.net/k5qy/

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