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ChE441 Problem Set 3 PDF

This document provides solutions to problem set 3 regarding radial flow between two coaxial cylinders. (a) The equation of continuity is used to show that the radial velocity vr is proportional to 1/r. (b) The equations of motion are simplified to show that the pressure distribution can be expressed as functions of dr, dθ, and dz. (c) The pressure distribution P(r) is integrated to obtain an expression relating the pressure difference between two radii to the radial velocity and densities. (d) Expressions are written for the shear stress components τrr, τθθ, τφφ, τrθ, τrφ, and τθφ in terms of the fluid velocity

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178 views6 pages

ChE441 Problem Set 3 PDF

This document provides solutions to problem set 3 regarding radial flow between two coaxial cylinders. (a) The equation of continuity is used to show that the radial velocity vr is proportional to 1/r. (b) The equations of motion are simplified to show that the pressure distribution can be expressed as functions of dr, dθ, and dz. (c) The pressure distribution P(r) is integrated to obtain an expression relating the pressure difference between two radii to the radial velocity and densities. (d) Expressions are written for the shear stress components τrr, τθθ, τφφ, τrθ, τrφ, and τθφ in terms of the fluid velocity

Uploaded by

melih
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM SET #3 SOLUTIONS

3B.11 Radial flow between two coaxial cylinders


Consider an incompressible fluid, at constant temperature flowing radially between two
porous cylindrical shells with inner and outer radii R and R.
(a) Show that the equation of continuity leads to vr = C/r, where C is a constant.
Solution
Assume that vz = v = 0 and that the flow is steady.
Continuity equation in cylindrical coordinates:
1
+
(rvr ) + 1 (v ) + (vz ) = 0
t r r
z
r
Eliminate time, v and vz terms to obtain:
1
(rvr ) = 0
r r
Integrate to obtain:
rvr = constant
(b) Simplify the components of the equation of motion to obtain the following
expressions for the modified pressure distribution:
dP
dv
dP
dP
= vr r ,
= 0,
=0
dr
dr
d
dz
Solution
BSL page 848 equation B.6-4.
2
2
1
v
v v
P
v
v v 2
1 vr vr 2 v
=
(
)
r + vr r + r + vz r

rv
+
+

+ g r
r
2
2
r
r
r
r
z
z 2 r 2
r
r r r
t
Assume steady flow with v = vz = 0 , no viscous flow as in part (a):
v r

vr
P
=
r
r

(c) Integrate the expression for dP/dr above to get P(r ) P( R) =


Solution
v r

R 2
1
[vr ( R)]2 1
2
r

vr
P
=
r
r

Integrate between R and r:


2
(P PR ) = vR
2

v 2
v 2
= r r
2
2 r

2
vr2r vr r vr2 r r 2
1 2 =
=
1 R 2
2
2
v

r
R

Note: from (a) rvr = constant, so r v = C and


2 2
r

vr2

vR2

r2
R2

Radial Flow Between Concentric Spheres


Consider an isothermal, incompressible fluid flowing radially between two concentric
porous spherical shells. Assume steady laminar flow with vr = vr(r). Note that the velocity
is not assumed zero at the solid surfaces. See the figure below.

R
mR

Direction
of flow

(a) Show by use of the equation of continuity that r2vr = C, where C is a constant.
Solution
Begin with the equation of Continuity in Spherical Coordinates:
1
1

+ 2
r 2vr +
(v sin ) + 1 (v )=0
t r r
r sin
r sin
Assume radial flow, so that v = 0 = v .

1 2
r vr = 0
r 2 r

( )

So that after integration:


r 2 vr = Constant

(b) Show by the use of the equations of motion that the pressure distribution in this
system is described by the equations:
1 p
= g
r sin
1 p
= g
r

( )

p 2 2
v
= 2 2 r vr vr r + g r
r r r
r

Solution
Begin with the equation of motion in spherical coordinates (BSL equation B.6-7 page
848).
r-component
1 2 2
r 2 r 2 r vr +
2
2
vr

v
v
v

v
v
v
v
p

r
= +


+ vr r + r +

1
r
r
r
r
t

sin
2 vr

2 2 2
r sin

( )


v
1
sin r +
r sin

+ g r

Assuming steady state and that v = 0 = v , then the above equation reduces to:
1 2

p
v
vr r =
+ 2 2 r 2 vr + g r
r
r
r r

Rearrange:
v
p 2 2
= 2 2 r v r v r r + g r
r
r r r

-component

1 2 v

r 2 r r r

1 1

+ 2
(v sin

2
v
r sin
v v vr v v cot
v v

v
= 1 p +
+ vr + +
+ g
+

r r sin
r
r
r
r
v 2 vr
1
t
+ 2

+ 2 2
2
r

r sin

2 cos v

2 2

r sin
Since v = 0 = v ,
0=
Rearranging,

1 p
+ g
r

1 p
= g
r

-component
1 2 v

r r r

1 1

(v sin
+ 2

v
v vr v v v cot
v
v
1 p
v v
r sin

=
+

+
+ g
+ vr + +
2

sin
sin

t
r
r
r
r
r
r

1
2

r
+

+
r 2 sin 2 2 r 2 sin

2 cos v

2
2
r sin

Since v = 0 = v ,

0=
Rearranging,

1 p
+ g
r sin

1 p
= g
rs

(c) Show that the radial pressure distribution may be expressed in terms of the quantity
P as:
R 4
1
2
P PR = vr
1
r=R
2
r
Solution
Begin with equations from results of part (b),
p 2 2
v
= 2 2 r vr vr r + g r
r r r
r
using,
p
= g r sin

( )

p
= g r

P = p + gr cos = p + gr
P p
=
+ g cos
r r
P p
=
gr sin

Substitute (3)

P
= g r gr sin = 0 so P P( )

(1)

(2)

(3)

2
2
v
v
P p
+ g cos = 2 2 r 2vr vr r + g r = 2 2 r 2vr vr r + g cos g cos
=
r r
r r
r
r
r r

( )

( )

P 2 2
v
v
= 2 2 r vr vr r 2 r2
r r r
r
r

( )

( )

r 2vr
Since r vr = Constant, then
=0
r
2

2 vr2 2 C 2
= 2 (2vr ) 2 (2vr ) + 2 vr2 =
= 5 where C is the constant from part (a)
r r
r
r
r

Substitute C=R2vr and C2=R4vr2

2C 2
dP = 5 dr
r
P
r dr
2
dP
=
2
C
Pr
R r 5
2 C 2 1
1
P Pr =
4 4
4 r
R

R 4
1
1 1
4 2 1
4 2 1
P Pr = R vr 4 4 = R vr 4 1
2
R 2
R r
r

And thus,
R 4
1
2
P PR = vr
1
r=R
2
r
(d) Please write expressions for rr, , , r, r, and for this system.
Solution
v 2

v 2 vr
rr = 2 r ( v ) = 2 r
r 3

r 3 r
Next, utilize the result of (a) to obtain:
vr
2 r 2vr
rr 2
2
r
r 3r

( )

Since r 2vr = Constant,


v
rr = 2 2 r
r

v
rr = 4 r
r
1 v vr 2

1 v vr 2 vr
= 2
+ ( v ) = 2
+
r 3
r 3 r
r

Using the same strategy as above,

2 v 2vr 2 (r2vr )
1 v vr 2 (r2vr )
+ 2
= 2
= r + r 3r2 r
r

r
r

2 vr
r

( )

1 v vr v cot 2

2v
2 r 2vr
( v ) = r 2
+ +
= 2
r
r 3
3r
r
r sin r

2 vr
r

Since we have symmetric flow,


r = r = = 0

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