Biological Sciences

**

Dayle Daines, Interim Chair

Upon completion of BIOL 121N / BIOL 122N and BIOL 123N /

BIOL 124N students must complete the following core courses, some
of which are prerequisites** or corequisites*** for upper-level biology
courses (see course descriptions for prerequisites to individual courses).
Core courses [BIOL 291, BIOL 292, BIOL 293, BIOL 303] must be passed
with a C (2.0 or better).

The Department of Biological Sciences offers a broad selection of

course offerings. The undergraduate curriculum is based on a twosemester foundations course and core courses that provide a well-rounded
introduction to the major subdisciplines of biology. The elective courses
allow students to explore multiple facets of the biological sciences or to
deepen their understanding of a single subdiscipline.
Many of our students tailor their undergraduate degrees for entry into
professional and graduate schools. The department has an excellent
program in secondary science education for those desiring to teach,
an outstanding pre-health track for students interested in the medical
professions, and the combination of academic and research opportunities
necessary to best prepare students for research-based graduate studies.
Students seeking careers in medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, optometry or
podiatry should check the College of Sciences section of the catalog for
additional information. Students should confer with their advisors to select
the most appropriate math courses and science courses. The most frequently
recommended biology courses are in the areas of human or vertebrate
anatomy and physiology and those stressing the molecular and cellular levels
of organization. However, students also are encouraged to explore other
disciplines while they have the opportunity to develop a broader view of life
processes and the human condition.

Bachelor of ScienceBiology Major

Lower Division General Education
Written Communication *
ENGL 110C
English Composition (required)
ENGL 231C
Introduction to Technical Writing (required)
Oral Communication
COMM 101R
Public Speaking
or COMM 103R Voice and Diction
or COMM 112R Introduction to Interpersonal Communication
Mathematics
MATH 162M
Precalculus I (required)
Language and Culture
Information Literacy & Research
CS 121G
Introduction to Information Literacy and
Research for Scientists (required)
Human Creativity
Interpreting the Past
Literature
Philosophy and Ethics
The Nature of Science (select one of the following)
PHYS 111N
Introductory General Physics
& PHYS 112N
and Introductory General Physics
OEAS 110N
Earth Science
& OEAS 112N
and Historical Geology
OEAS 111N
Physical Geology
& OEAS 112N
and Historical Geology
Impact of Technology
Human Behavior
Departmental Requirements **
BIOL 121N
General Biology I
& BIOL 122N
and General Biology I Lab
BIOL 123N
General Biology II
& BIOL 124N
and General Biology II Lab
Total Hours
*

3
0-6
3

3
3
3
3
8

Biological Sciences

**
***

Ecology
Evolution
Cell Biology +
Genetics +

3
3
3
3

Prerequisite designated course must be completed before

enrolling in the course requiring the prerequisite.
Corequisite designated course may have been completed
or taken during the same semester the student is enrolling
in the course requiring the corequisite.
Have (Precalculus) and (Organic Chemistry) as pre- or
corequisites.

In addition to the core courses, all majors must complete at least one
writing intensive (W) course and earn a grade of C or better: BIOL 405W,
BIOL 423W, BIOL 430W, BIOL 436W, or BIOL 488W.
Biology Electives. Students must choose at least 16 elective hours at
the 300-level or above from the courses offered by the Department
of Biological Sciences. A minimum of three of the courses must
have a structured laboratory/field component [BIOL 368 (Internship)
and BIOL 369 (Practicum) courses cannot be used to satisfy this
requirement]. Students may use the four credits of BIOL 251 taken at Old
Dominion University towards the upper-division elective requirements. No
200-level transfer credits can be used towards the elective courses. Students
may use no more than six credits of unstructured courses to satisfy the
requirement (see below). Elective courses must be passed with a grade of C
(2.0) or better unless they are specified as Pass/Fail courses, in which case
they must be passed (P). A Biology writing intensive course (W) is required
and must be completed with a grade of C or better; this course should be
taken during the junior or senior year after completion of the required
prerequisites.
Unstructured Courses. Students may take advantage of several
non-classroom experiences ("Unstructured Courses") offered by the
Department of Biological Sciences and may receive elective credit for these
experiences. These include BIOL 367 (Cooperative Education), BIOL 368
(Internship), BIOL 369 (Practicum), BIOL 497 (Undergraduate
Research) and BIOL 498 (Independent Study). BIOL 367, BIOL 368,
BIOL 369 and BIOL 498 cannot be used to satisfy the lab/field requirement
but can be used to satisfy one of the required 16 elective hours. See
individual course descriptions and the chief departmental advisor for more
information about these opportunities.
Non-biology degree requirements:

3
3
4
4
49-55

Grade of C or better required in both courses

BIOL 291
BIOL 292
BIOL 293
BIOL 303

Must be passed with a C (2.0) or better to continue in the

program.

CHEM 121N
Foundations of Chemistry I Lecture
& CHEM 122N
and Foundations of Chemistry I Laboratory
CHEM 123N
Foundations of Chemistry II Lecture
& CHEM 124N
and Foundations of Chemistry II Laboratory
CHEM 211
Organic Chemistry Lecture
CHEM elective 200-level or higher
MATH 205
Calculus for Life Sciences
or MATH 200
Calculus for Business and Economics
or MATH 211
Calculus I
STAT 130M
Elementary Statistics +
Total Hours
+

4
4
3
5
3

3
22

Prerequisite for BIOL 303.

Elective Credit
Elective credit will be needed to meet the minimum requirement of 120
credit hours for the degree.

Upper Division General Education Requirements

The Professional Education core satisfies this requirement for the secondary
education concentration.
Option A. Approved Disciplinary Minor (a minimum of 12 hours
determined by the department) or second degree or second major.
Option B: Interdisciplinary Minor (specifically 12 hours, 3 of which
may be in the major)
Option C. International Business and Regional Courses or an approved
Certification Program such as teaching licensure
Option D. Two Upper-Division (300-level or above) courses from
outside the College of Sciences and not required by the major (6 hours)

Requirements for Graduation

Requirements for graduation (non-teacher education tracks) include a
minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.00 overall and in the major,
120 credit hours, which must include both a minimum of 30 credit hours
overall and 12 credit hours in upper-level courses in the major program
from Old Dominion University, completion of ENGL 110C, ENGL 211C
or ENGL 221C or ENGL 231C, and a writing intensive (W) course in the
major with a grade of C or better, completion of the Senior Assessment, and
completion of the Biology Department Senior Assessment when offered.

Marine Biology Concentration

The marine biology concentration provides students with coursework,
specialized advising, and practical experience in marine biology while
ensuring a strong, balanced education in one of the traditional natural
sciences in which students major. The concentration requires completion
of the general biology foundation courses (BIOL 121N, BIOL 122N and
BIOL 123N, BIOL 124N), or equivalent, with a grade of C (2.0) or better.
In addition, at least 15 semester credit hours in approved marine biology
related courses (See Marine Biology Concentration Curriculum sheet) at
the 300 or 400 level are necessary, with Marine Biology (BIOL 331) and
Oceanography (OEAS 306) being required courses. BIOL 331 will satisfy 3
credits toward the required 16 credits of the biology electives; the remaining
13 credit hours needed to satisfy the biology elective requirements should
be taken from approved marine biology elective courses. All required
and elective courses used for the concentration must be passed with a
C (2.0) or better. The mathematics requirement for the concentration is
MATH 211 Calculus I, and the non-biology physical science requirements
are OEAS 111N (Physical Geology) and PHYS 111N (Introductory General
Physics). Students in the program are expected to participate in non-credit,
monthly meetings of the ODU Marine Biology Student Association. One
course completed at an off-campus marine biology laboratory or study
abroad program is strongly recommended, as is a research, practicum, or
internship experience in marine biology. Other requirements are listed under
the Bachelor of ScienceBiology Major. Marine biology students may also
select a minor in ocean and earth science.
A variety of facilities are available to students interested in the marine
biology concentration. On-campus facilities include a modern marine wet
laboratory along with biology faculty research laboratories specializing
in marine: benthic ecology, animal biomechanics and physiology, marine
fish biology and systematics, conservation biology, phytoplankton biology,
coastal wetland plants, disease ecology, microbiology, and tropical ecology.
Field studies and course-related trips to nearby marine habitats in the
Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean are supported by departmental field
vehicles and small vessels, as well as by the Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences Department's 55-foot research vessel, the R/V Fay Slover. Research
requiring SCUBA is supported by the ODU Academic Diving Program,
a local chapter of the American Academy of Underwater Scientists. Offcampus access to marine laboratories on Virginia's Eastern Shore and the
Florida Keys are available through collaborative agreements with other
colleges and universities.

Bachelor of ScienceBiology Major

Secondary Education Concentration
This program leads to eligibility for teacher licensure in Virginia and is
available only to individuals holding a baccalaureate degree or completing
requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in biology.

Biology Major with Teaching Licensure in Biology

Students pursuing a biology major with teaching licensure complete the
following biology core sequence and 16 credit hours of electives at the 300level or above, to include three lab or field courses. Students may use four
credits at the 200-level to meet their upper-division requirement.
BIOL 121N
& BIOL 122N
BIOL 123N
& BIOL 124N
BIOL 291
BIOL 292
BIOL 293
BIOL 303

General Biology I
and General Biology I Lab
General Biology II
and General Biology II Lab
Ecology
Evolution
Cell Biology
Genetics

BIOL 405W

Biology Seminar

4
4
3
3
3
3
3

Total Hours

23

Electives must include one approved course each in botany, zoology,

microbiology, and human anatomy and physiology (see chief departmental
advisor for details).
Non-biology requirements are:
CHEM 121N
& CHEM 122N
CHEM 123N
& CHEM 124N
CHEM 211
CHEM 212
OEAS 110N
or OEAS 111N
PHYS 111N
MATH 205
or MATH 200
or MATH 211
STAT 130M

Foundations of Chemistry I Lecture

and Foundations of Chemistry I Laboratory
Foundations of Chemistry II Lecture
and Foundations of Chemistry II Laboratory
Organic Chemistry Lecture
Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Earth Science
Physical Geology
Introductory General Physics
Calculus for Life Sciences
Calculus for Business and Economics
Calculus I
Elementary Statistics

Total Hours

4
4
3
2
4
4
3

3
27

Admission
Students must first declare the biology teacher preparation track as their
major with the appropriate advisor. All students must apply for and be
admitted into the approved biology teacher preparation program. Students
must meet the required criteria for admission by passing the Virginia Board
of Education prescribed assessments and earn the minimum required grade
point averages (GPA).

Virginia Board of Education prescribed assessments

Old Dominion University students seeking admission to an approved teacher
education program must satisfy the Virginia Board of Education Required
Assessment for Admission to an Approved Teacher Education Program.
This requirement can be satisfied by meeting a passing score in one of the
selected criteria below:
1. Passing PRAXIS I composite score of 532 by December 31, 2013; or
2. Passing PRAXIS Core Academic Skills Tests beginning January 1,
2014:
Reading Score of 156, Writing Score of 162, and Mathematics Score of
150; or
3. Approved substitute test scores:
Biological Sciences

a. SAT score of 1000 with at least 450 verbal and 510 mathematics
taken prior to April 1, 1995; or
b. SAT score of 1100 with at least 530 verbal and 530 mathematics
taken after April 1, 1995; or
c. ACT composite score of 21 with ACT mathematics score of at least
21, and ACT English plus Reading score of at least 37, taken prior
to April 1, 1995; or
d. ACT composite score of 24 with ACT mathematics score of at least
22, and ACT English plus Reading score of at least 46, taken after
April 1, 1995; or
e. PRAXIS I Math test score of 178 by December 31, 2013 and a
composite Virginia Communication and Literacy Assessment
(hereafter referred to as the VCLA) score of 470; or
f. PRAXIS Core Academic Skills Mathematics test score of 150
beginning January 1, 2014 and a VCLA score of 470; or
g. SAT Mathematics test score of at least 510 taken prior to April 1,
1995 and a VCLA score of 470; or
h. SAT Mathematics test score of at least 530 taken after April 1, 1995
and a composite VCLA score of 470; or
i. ACT Mathematics test score of at least 21 taken prior to April 1,
1995 and a composite VCLA score of 470; or
j. ACT Mathematics test score of at least 22 taken after April 1, 1995
and a composite VCLA score of 470.
Note: ACT scores taken prior to 1989 are not valid.
For the most current information on the prescribed Virginia Board of
Education admission assessment, visit the Teacher Education Services
website, http://www.odu.edu/tes and review the Teacher Education
Handbook.

Required grade point averages (GPA)

A cumulative GPA of 2.75 is required.
A major/content GPA of 2.75 is required - all biology courses must be
passed with a grade of C (2.0) or above and all other science content
courses must be passed with a grade of C- or higher.
A professional education GPA of 2.75 is required all professional
education courses must be passed with a grade of C- or higher
Although students may enroll in a limited number of education courses,
students must be admitted into the approved biology teacher preparation
program prior to enrolling in any instructional strategies practicum education
course. Students must also meet with an education advisor in the Office of
Teacher Education Services.

Continuance
Students must maintain a cumulative GPA of 2.75, a major/content GPA
of 2.75 and a professional education GPA of 2.75. Biology courses must be
passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher. The remaining courses required
for the major and in the professional education core must be completed with
a grade of C- or higher for continuance. A professional education GPA of
2.75 is required for continuance. Students must take and pass the Virginia
Communication and Literacy Assessment (VCLA) and the PRAXIS II
Biology Content examination prior to or while enrolled in the instructional
strategies course. All assessments must be passed prior to the start of the
Teacher Candidate Internship Orientation session.

Background Clearance Requirement

Old Dominion University requires a background clearance check of
candidates interested in many of the professional education programs.
Professional education programs have several field experiences that are
required for continuance and graduation from the program. The background
clearance must be successfully completed prior to a field experience
placement. Candidates will be provided a field experience placement
when the background check process is completed with resolution of any
issues. The process to complete the ODU clearance background check
is located at: http://www.odu.edu/success/academic/teacher-education/
placement/background-checks. The ODU clearance process includes:
an FBI fingerprint, a child protective service/social service review, and a
3

Biological Sciences

Virginia State Police sex offender registry review. Candidates interested in

the professional education programs are advised to complete this clearance
process immediately upon entry into the program since the clearance process
takes a minimum of eight weeks to complete.

Virginia Board of Education prescribed assessments

Virginia Communication and Literacy Assessment (VCLA) a passing
composite score of 470 is required on this reading and writing assessment
PRAXIS II Biology: Content Knowledge (test code: 0235 or 5235) passing
score of 155 is required
To review more information on the Virginia Board of Education prescribed
assessments visit the Teacher Education Services website, www.odu.edu/tes.

Graduation
Requirements for graduation include completion of ENGL 110C,
ENGL 211C or ENGL 221C or ENGL 231C, and the writing intensive (W)
course in the major with a grade of C or better, completion of the Biology
and Senior Assessments, a minimum cumulative 2.75 GPA, in the major
area, and in the professional education core, with no grade less than a C in
the major and C- in the professional education core; successful completion
of the Teacher Candidate Internship and a minimum of 125 credit hours,
which must include both a minimum of 32 credit hours overall and 12 credit
hours in upper-level courses in the major program from Old Dominion
University. Note that a grade of C (2.0) or better must be earned in all
biology courses used to satisfy departmental requirements.
The Professional Education core courses and requirements are as
follows:
Achieve overall 2.75 GPA
STEM 101
Step 1 Inquiry Approaches to Teaching
STEM
STEM 102
Step 2 - Inquiry Based STEM Lesson Design
STEM 201
Knowing and Learning in STEM Education
STEM 202
Classroom Interactions in STEM Education
STEM 401
Project Based Instruction in STEM
Education
STEM 402
Perspectives on STEM
STEM 485
Apprentice Teaching
BIOL 468W
Research Methods in Mathematics and
Science
Total Hours

1
1
3
3
3
3
9
3
26

Due to changing University requirements, national accreditation standards,

and the Virginia Board of Education licensure regulations, the teacher
preparation programs in the College of Sciences are under constant
revision. Any changes resulting from these factors supersede the program
requirements described in this Catalog. Students are encouraged to obtain
current program information from their advisors and from the Teacher
Education Services website at: www.odu.edu/tes.

Minor in Biology
The minor in biology offers students additional support to their chosen
majors, prepares students for post-baccalaureate professional or graduate
programs, offers greater job opportunities to graduates, and/or provides
recognition of study in this academic area. The minor requires the successful
completion of a minimum of 12 credit hours of coursework (a maximum
of three credits at the 200-level, selected from the Biology 200-level core
courses, and a minimum of nine credits at the 300-400 level). Courses
selected at the 300-400 level may not include BIOL 303 or unstructured
coursework and may include only one course from the Biology core.
For completion of the minor, a student must have a C (2.0) or better
in BIOL 121N & BIOL 122N, BIOL 123N & BIOL 124N, and the 200level course, if any, used to fulfill the requirements of the minor. The student
must also have a minimum overall cumulative grade point average of 2.0 in
all courses designated for the minor and taken by the student exclusive of

100-level and prerequisite courses and complete a minimum of six hours of

upper-level work through courses offered at Old Dominion University.

PRTS 406

Conservation Leadership Interdisciplinary

Minor

PRTS 433
WMST 395

Topics in Women's Studies (Women, the

Environment and Climate Change)

TOTAL

Tatyana Lobova, Department of Biological Sciences, Coordinator

([email protected])
The interdisciplinary minor in Conservation Leadership is offered
by Old Dominion University in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) as part of a long-term, sustainable program of
conservation-related service-learning, internships and leadership programs.
The minor will facilitate the development of the next generation of
professionals who can address conservation issues and challenges posed by a
changing climate and sea level rise. A unique aspect of this interdisciplinary
minor is the requirement to take one course that is designated as a servicelearning (SL) course in which the student will work at a USFWS (or related)
facility.
The interdisciplinary minor in Conservation Leadership requires 15
credit hours of 300/400-level courses selected from at least two different
disciplines with a maximum of six credits from any one discipline. There
are two required, core courses and a required internship. The remaining
six elective credits must be chosen from different disciplines, and three of
those credits must be a service-learning course. Three credit hours in the
interdisciplinary minor may be in the major if a major course is listed as an
option for the interdisciplinary minor. As such, it will be credited toward
both the major and the interdisciplinary minor. Course substitutions may be
approved by the interdisciplinary minor coordinator.
Course requirements and options are as follows.
IDS/OEAS/BIOL 466 Mitigation and Adaptation Studies
IDS/OEAS/BIOL 467 Adaptive Leadership
IDS 368
Internship in Interdisciplinary Studies
Select two (6 credits of which 3 credits must be a Service-Learning
(SL) course)
BIOL 311
Global Change Biology
BIOL 334
Field Ethnobotany
BIOL 404
Conservation Biology
CHEM 339T
The Chemistry of the Environment
CHP 328
Public Health Science
COMM 400W
Intercultural Communication
ENVH 301
Principles of Environmental Health Science
GEOG 305
World Resources
GEOG 306T
Hazards: Natural and Technological
GEOG 400W
Seminar in Geography (Weather, Climate
and Society)
GEOG 402
Geographic Information Systems
GEOG 419
Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environments
GEOG 496
Topics in Geography
HLSC 405
Interprofessional Study Abroad on Global
Health (SL)
OEAS 310
Global Earth Systems
OEAS 444
Communicating Ocean Science to Informal
Audiences
PAS 300
Foundations of Public Service
PAS 301
Ethics, Governance and Accountability in
Public Service (SL)
PAS 409
Leadership and Cultural Competence
PAS 411
Multi-Sector Partnerships for Public Service
POLS 335
Environmental Politics
POLS 401
Global Environmental Policy
POLS 455
The Politics of Climate Change
PRTS 405
Outdoor Recreation (SL)

Outdoor Leadership and Environmental

Education
Camp Administration (SL)

3
3
3
6

15

Honors Program in Biology

A. Honors Research
Undergraduates with junior or senior standing and a GPA of 3.00 or better
are eligible to participate in Honors Research. After consultation with
the program director (Dr. Deborah A. Waller), students select a professor
who agrees to oversee the research project. Students then enroll in two 4credit courses, BIOL 487 and BIOL 488W. The courses may be taken in
any sequence: fall-spring, spring-summer, summer-summer, summer-fall.
Normally both semesters are required but a student may receive credit for
only one semester. The research project, time commitment by the student
and the basis for the grade are mutually determined by the student and
professor. Because first-semester research results are often preliminary, the
grade for BIOL 487 is based on a review paper and/or research proposal,
which provides the student with an overview of the field. The second
semester is graded on the final research paper and a seminar presented to
the honors committee and interested faculty. Professors should encourage
students to publish results and present papers at scientific meetings when
appropriate. Students should also be urged to apply for funds from agencies
that provide seed money to undergraduates. The program director can
provide information on scientific societies that sponsor meetings and/or offer
small grants. Successful completion of both courses with a C (2.0) or better
will allow the student to use BIOL 488W as a lab course in meeting his/her
requirements.

B. Bachelor's Degree with Honors in Biological

Sciences and Honors Designation for Biology
courses
Students maintaining an overall GPA of at least 3.25 and of 3.50 in biology
can receive a "Bachelor's Degree with Honors in Biological Sciences"
subject to satisfaction of the minimum University standards for the Honors
degree and completion of one of the following two options:
Option 1: Successful completion of two semesters of biological research
taken as BIOL 487 / BIOL 488W (Honors Research).
Option 2: Successful completion of three upper-division courses in
Biological Sciences and achievement of the "Honors" designation in each.
Students petitioning for designation of an upper-division biology course as
"Honors" must have a minimum overall GPA of 3.25 and a GPA of at least
3.50 in biology.
To receive the "Honors" designation for a course, students must achieve
a final course score of at least 95% or the equivalent of an "A" on the
University grade scale.
Faculty are encouraged to assign and work with students on other activities
deemed appropriate for an "Honors" course designation and utilize the
results of these activities in the assignment of a course grade.

Advanced Placement
Students may receive advanced placement (AP) credit for BIOL 121N &
BIOL 122N or BIOL 123N & BIOL 124N (4 credits) by a score of 3 on
the advanced placement examination. Students receiving a score of 4 or 5
will receive credit for both BIOL 121N & BIOL 122N and BIOL 123N &
BIOL 124N (8 credits). Official score reports should be sent to the Office of
Admissions prior to registration for evaluation.

Biological Sciences

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Courses

BIOL 103. Basic Bacteriology. 4 Credits.
A course designed to acquaint the student with the elementary principles of
bacteriology and other disease causing microorganisms. Emphasis is placed
on microorganisms as etiological agents in disease, on practical methods of
disinfection, and on the factors of infection and immunity.
BIOL 105N. Biology for Nonscience Majors I. 4 Credits.
An introductory biology course for nonbiology majors. This course
concentrates on major biological concepts concerning molecular biology,
cellular biology, cellular reproduction, classical and molecular genetics,
energetics, and ecology. This course would be beneficial to students
pursuing elementary education degrees due to the discussion of biological
topics included in the Virginia Standards of Learning. Cannot be substituted
for BIOL 121N and BIOL 122N or BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N.
BIOL 106N. Biology for Nonscience Majors II. 4 Credits.
An introductory biology course for nonbiology majors. This course
concentrates on plants and animals at the organismal level by examining
major biological concepts involving diversity, ecology, behavior, and
evolution. This course would be beneficial to those students who are
pursuing elementary education degrees because it teaches biological topics
included in the Virginia Standards of Learning. Cannot be substituted for
BIOL 121N and BIOL 122N or for BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N.
BIOL 110N. Environmental Sciences. 3 Credits.
An introductory, non-sequential course for nonbiology majors focusing
on scientific inquiry and the fundamental biological underpinnings of
environmental science. The course concentrates on ecology, evolution, the
nature of and threats to biodiversity, and conservation solutions. Cannot
be substituted for BIOL 121N or BIOL 123N. BIOL 110N + BIOL 111N
satisfy four credits of the University's Nature of Science general education
requirement. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 111N.
BIOL 111N. Environmental Sciences Lab. 1 Credit.
Laboratory activities and scientific experiments that enhance understanding
of environmental science through a hands-on approach that cannot be
provided in the lecture classroom setting. BIOL 110N + BIOL 111N
satisfy four credits of the University's Nature of Science general education
requirement. Cannot be substituted for BIOL 122N or BIOL 124N. Pre- or
corequisite: BIOL 110N.
BIOL 112N. Environment and Man. 3 Credits.
An introductory, non-sequential course for nonbiology majors focusing
on the most serious environmental problems our society is facing today
and how these problems can be solved. The course concentrates on the
science behind natural resources and resource management, toxicology,
environmental policies and ethics, and sustainable living. Cannot be
substituted for BIOL 121N or BIOL 123N. BIOL 112N and BIOL 113N
satisfy four credits of the University's Nature of Science general education
requirement. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 113N.
BIOL 113N. Environment and Man Laboratory. 1 Credit.
Laboratory activities and experiments that enhance understanding of the
scientific method and environmental sciences through a hands-on approach
that cannot be provided in the lecture classroom setting. This course cannot
be substituted for BIOL 122N or BIOL 124N. BIOL 112N + BIOL 113N
satisfy four credits of the University's Nature of Science general education
requirement. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 112N.
BIOL 117N. Introduction to Human Biology. 3 Credits.
An introductory lecture course for non-majors focusing on scientific
inquiry and the structure and function of the human body with units on diet,
nutrition, exercise, infectious disease, and cancer. Cannot be substituted for
BIOL 121N or BIOL 123N. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 118N.
BIOL 118N. Introduction to Human Biology Lab. 1 Credit.
An introductory lab course for non-majors focusing on scientific inquiry
and the structure and function of the human body with units on diet,
nutrition, exercise, infectious disease, and cancer. Cannot be substituted for
BIOL 122N or BIOL 124N. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 117N.

Biological Sciences

BIOL 121N. General Biology I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the process of science, biological molecules, cell biology,
metabolism, molecular biology, and Mendelian genetics. Students required
to take BIOL 121N cannot earn credit for BIOL 105N, BIOL 106N,
BIOL 110N, BIOL 112N, or BIOL 117N. Prerequisite: Placement into
ENGL 110C and qualifying Math SAT/ACT score, or qualifying score on
the Math placement test, or completion of MATH 102M or higher. Pre- or
corequisite: BIOL 122N.
BIOL 122N. General Biology I Lab. 1 Credit.
A lab course emphasizing the process of science, biological molecules, cell
biology, metabolism, molecular biology, and Mendelian genetics. Students
required to take BIOL 122N cannot earn credit for BIOL 111N, BIOL 113N,
or BIOL 118N. Prerequisites: Placement into ENGL 110C and qualifying
Math SAT/ACT score, or qualifying score on the Math placement test, or
completion of MATH 102M or higher. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 121N.
BIOL 123N. General Biology II. 3 Credits.
An introduction to the process of science, evolutionary biology, ecology,
and the basic biology of viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Students
required to take BIOL 123N cannot earn credit for BIOL 105N, BIOL 106N,
BIOL 110N, BIOL 112N, or BIOL 117N. Prerequisites: Placement into
ENGL 110C and qualifying Math SAT/ACT score, or qualifying score on
the Math placement test, or completion of MATH 102M or higher, and
BIOL 121N passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher. Pre- or corequisite:
BIOL 124N.
BIOL 124N. General Biology II Lab. 1 Credit.
A lab course emphasizing the process of science, evolutionary biology,
ecology, and the basic biology of viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes.
Students required to take BIOL 124N cannot earn credit for BIOL 111N,
BIOL 113N, or BIOL 118N. Prerequisite: Placement into ENGL 110C and
qualifying Math SAT/ACT score, or qualifying score on the Math placement
test, or completion of MATH 102M or higher, and BIOL 121N. Pre- or
corequisite: BIOL 123N.
BIOL 136N. Honors General Biology I. 3 Credits.
This course is available only to students in the Honors College. An
introduction to the process of science, biological molecules, cell biology,
metabolism, molecular biology, and Mendelian genetics. Students required
to take BIOL 136N cannot earn credit for BIOL 105N, BIOL 106N,
BIOL 110N, BIOL 112N, or BIOL 117N. Prerequisites: Placement into
ENGL 110C and qualifying Math SAT/ACT score, or qualifying score on
the Math placement test, or completion of MATH 102M or higher, and
enrollment in the Honors College. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 137N.
BIOL 137N. Honors General Biology I Lab. 1 Credit.
This lab course is available only to students in the Honors College. This
lab course emphasizes the process of science, biological molecules, cell
biology, metabolism, molecular biology, and Mendelian genetics. Students
required to take BIOL 137N cannot earn credit for BIOL 111N, BIOL 113N,
or BIOL 118N. Prerequisites: Placement into ENGL 110C and qualifying
Math SAT/ACT score, or qualifying score on the Math placement test,
or completion of MATH 102M or higher, and enrollment in the Honors
College. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 136N.
BIOL 138N. Honors General Biology II. 3 Credits.
This course is available only to students in the Honors College. An
introduction to the process of science, evolutionary biology, ecology,
and the basic biology of viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Students
required to take BIOL 138N cannot earn credit for BIOL 105N, BIOL 106N,
BIOL 110N, BIOL 112N, or BIOL 117N. Prerequisite: Placement into
ENGL 110C and qualifying Math SAT/ACT score, or qualifying score
on the Math placement test, or completion of MATH 102M or higher,
enrollment in the Honors College, and BIOL 136N. Pre- or corequisite:
BIOL 139N.

BIOL 139N. Honors General Biology II Lab. 1 Credit.

This lab course is available only to students in the Honors College. This lab
course emphasizes the process of science, evolutionary biology, ecology,
and the basic biology of viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Students
required to take BIOL 139N cannot earn credit for BIOL 111N, BIOL 113N,
or BIOL 118N. Prerequisite: Placement into ENGL 110C and qualifying
Math SAT/ACT score, or qualifying score on the Math placement test, or
completion of MATH 102M or higher, enrollment in the Honors College,
and BIOL 136N. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 138N.

BIOL 313. Introduction to Neuroanatomy. 4 Credits.

This course is designed to give students a comprehensive understanding
of the structure and function of the human nervous system, with a major
focus on neuroanatomy. The basic principles of cellular neuroscience,
neurophysiology, as well as, the sensory and motor pathways will be
discussed in detail. Clinically relevant applications will be discussed when
relevant. The laboratory component of this course will use cadavers and
human tissue to study head and neck structures. Prerequisites: BIOL 251 and
BIOL 293 must be passed with a C (2.0) or better.

BIOL 195. Biology Lab Topics. 1-3 Credits.

Laboratory topics.

BIOL 314. Developmental Biology. 5 Credits.

An analysis of development in animals. Lectures will explore experimental
approaches to the study of gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage and
morphogenesis. Laboratories will emphasize the morphological features of
the developing vertebrate embryo. Prerequisites: BIOL 250 and BIOL 251
must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Pre- or corequisite: CHEM 211.

BIOL 196. Topics. 1-3 Credits.

Topics in Biology.
BIOL 250. Human Anatomy and Physiology I. 4 Credits.
This course emphasizes the gross anatomical relationships and the
molecular, cellular, physiological, and metabolic process of the integument,
musculoskeletal, neural, and immune systems.
BIOL 251. Human Anatomy and Physiology II. 4 Credits.
This course emphasizes the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiac,
pulmonary, renal, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Only BIOL 251
(4 credits) may count toward upper-division elective requirements for the
Biology major.
BIOL 291. Ecology. 3 Credits.
An introduction to the basic concepts of ecology for both biology majors
and nonmajors. The concepts are introduced with respect to terrestrial
and aquatic environments. Prerequisites: BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N or
BIOL 138N and BIOL 139N must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 292. Evolution. 3 Credits.
An introduction to the basic concepts of evolution for both biology majors
and nonmajors. The concepts are introduced with respect to terrestrial
and aquatic environments. Prerequisites: BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N or
BIOL 138N and BIOL 139N must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 293. Cell Biology. 3 Credits.
A comprehensive course in the structural and functional features of cells,
including prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The course will also examine
biomacromolecules, techniques in cell and molecular biology, and current
frontiers in cell biology research. Prerequisites: BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N
or BIOL 138N and BIOL 139N and CHEM 123N and CHEM 124N must be
passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 303. Genetics. 3 Credits.
An introduction to the principles of biological inheritance and variation
and the molecular basis of gene structure and function. Prerequisites:
BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N or BIOL 138N and BIOL 139N must be passed
with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 307. Invertebrate Zoology. 4 Credits.
An examination of the invertebrate phyla with emphasis on classification,
morphology, phylogeny, and general biology. Prerequisites: BIOL 292 must
be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 308. Botany. 4 Credits.
A general introduction to the structure, function, ecology, and diversity of
plants. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 and BIOL 292 must be passed with a grade
of C or higher.
BIOL 311. Global Change Biology. 3 Credits.
This course will emphasize the application of evolutionary and ecological
principles such as species geographic range shifts, changes in phenology,
acclimation, adaptation, and extinction in response to global environmental
changes. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 and BIOL 292 must be passed with a
grade of "C" or higher.

BIOL 315. General Microbiology. 5 Credits.

Designed to be a general survey of the nature and diversity of
microorganisms (especially the bacteria but also including viruses and
fungi), the roles and functions of microorganisms, and basic microbiological
research. Laboratories emphasize fundamental techniques in culturing,
studying and identifying microorganisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 293 and
BIOL 303 must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 322. Ethnobotany. 3 Credits.
A survey of plants used for food, fiber, medicine, dyes, perfumes, oils,
and waxes. The role of plants in folklore and religion is included. A
student research project with a written paper and presentation is required.
Prerequisites: BIOL 292 AND BIOL 308 must be passed with a grade of C
or higher.
BIOL 331. Marine Biology. 3 Credits.
A survey of the variety, ecology and adaptations of marine organisms. The
course is designed to broadly introduce students to life in the oceans and
the many special features of marine species that have evolved in the earth's
oldest and most extensive ecosystem. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 must be
passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher.
BIOL 334. Field Ethnobotany. 4 Credits.
Identification, ecology, and uses of plants and mushrooms for food, oils,
dyes, and cordage, based on collection and preparation of local materials.
A field-intensive course with hands-on experience. A class project and
presentation are required. Prerequisites: BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N must
be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 335. Ecology Laboratory. 2 Credits.
A field and laboratory course that emphasizes techniques employed in
ecological investigations. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 must be passed with a
grade of C or higher.
BIOL 336. Vertebrate Zoology. 4 Credits.
This course will emphasize the organisms classified as vertebrates fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - in addition to their
evolutionary relatives. Detailed discussions of the changes that accompany
this diversification of life will include topics in evolution, comparative
anatomy, geology, and taxonomy. The lab will be a survey of specimens
representing the major groups discussed in lecture. Prerequisites: BIOL 291
and BIOL 292 must be passed with a grade of "C" or higher.
BIOL 340. Field Botany. 4 Credits.
A survey of plants and plant communities of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal
Plain. Skills in plant and mushroom identification, specimen preparation,
and research databases are emphasized. Most classes are field trips.
Prerequisites: BIOL 291 must be passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher.
BIOL 346. Plant Geography. 3 Credits.
The distribution and characteristics of major plant community types in North
America are discussed. Abundant pictures are used to illustrate the flora
and plant communities. Prerequisites: BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N must be
passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher.

Biological Sciences

BIOL 350. Phage Discovery and Genomics I. 3 Credits.

This course is the first semester of a two-semester laboratory and scientific
writing course designed to provide a unique undergraduate research
experience. The first semester course focuses on the discovery of viruses
(also known as bacteriophage or phage) that infect bacteria with an emphasis
on laboratory techniques. Students will collect phage from environmental
samples and learn the laboratory techniques required for the isolation,
purification and propagation of viruses. Students will further characterize
phage based on microscopy, molecular microbiology techniques, and
nucleic acid sequencing. This course emphasizes independent research
and additional time outside of the laboratory will be required for sample
collection and analysis. This course also is designed to complement the
MonarchTeach curriculum. Prerequisites: BIOL 293 and BIOL 303 and
permission of the instructor.
BIOL 351. Phage Discovery and Genomics II. 3 Credits.
This is the second course of a two semester laboratory and scientific writing
sequence that is designed to provide a unique research experience for
undergraduate students. The second semester course is a continuation of
the research on the phage project that was started in Phage Discovery and
Genomics I (BIOL 350). The students will analyze the newly sequenced
bacteriophage genome using bioinformatics tools with an emphasis on
Genomics. The bioinformatics will be completed using computer software,
mathematical modeling and presented in formal scientific laboratory reports
and formal presentations. Upon successful completion of the year-long
course, some students will be invited to participate in the SEA-PHAGE
program coordinated by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The course
is designed with an emphasis on independent research that could lead to
a scientific publication. Prerequisites: BIOL 350 and BIOL 303 must be
passed with a grade of "C" or higher.
BIOL 355. Stem Cell Biology. 3 Credits.
Tissue homeostasis requires the birth of new cells, typically derived from
stem cells, as well as the removal of cells that are not needed or have become
damaged. This course will focus on understanding the mechanisms by
which new cells are generated and old or diseased cells are removed. The
pathological consequences of failures in one or both of these key processes
will be explored as well. Applications of stem cells to regenerative medicine
will be considered in detail. Prerequisites: A grade of "C" or higher in
BIOL 293.
BIOL 367. Cooperative Education. 1-3 Credits.
Student participation for credit in a paid work environment based on the
academic relevance of the work experience as determined by the department
and the Cooperative Education program, prior to the semester in which
the work experience is to take place. Unstructured course. Students must
identify a full-time biology faculty member with the expertise to determine if
the cooperative education experience is appropriate for a biology curriculum,
approve the learning contract, review the submitted assignments (student
report and supervisors evaluation) and assign a P/F grade. (Qualifies as
a CAP experience.) Prerequisites: approval by the department chair and
Cooperative Education/Career Development Services. Pre- or corequisite:
change from CMC to CDS.
BIOL 368. Internship. 1-3 Credits.
Supervised participation in non-research professional setting. Requires a
minimum of 3 hours per week or equivalent for 1 credit, completion of
work report and other documents relevant to the work experience, and
supervisor evaluation. Unstructured course. Students must identify a fulltime biology faculty member with the expertise to determine if the internship
is appropriate for a biology curriculum, approve the learning contract, review
the submitted assignments (student report and supervisors evaluation)
and assign a P/F grade. (Qualifies as a CAP experience.) Prerequisites:
BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N must be passed with a grade of C (2.0) or
higher, junior standing, and the approval of a full-time biology faculty
member.

Biological Sciences

BIOL 369. Practicum. 1-3 Credits.

A supervised experience in a research, teaching, or a work/field setting
and culminating in the preparation of a written document relevant to the
practicum experience. Unstructured course. Students must identify a fulltime biology faculty member with the expertise to determine if the practicum
is appropriate for a biology curriculum, approve the learning contract, review
the submitted assignments (student report and supervisors evaluation)
and assign a P/F grade. (Qualifies as a CAP experience.) Prerequisites:
BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N must be passed with a grade of C (2.0) or
higher, acceptance as a declared major, junior class status, and approval
by the sponsoring full-time biology faculty member and the practicum
coordinator.
BIOL 395. Topics. 1-3 Credits.
A structured specialty course designed to meet the needs of students in
biology. Students are expected to perform at the level of other junior level
classes. Prerequisites: BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N must be passed with a
grade of C or higher.
BIOL 400/500. Vascular Plant Families. 5 Credits.
An evolutionary survey of vascular plant families and the principles and
methodologies that define them; emphasis is placed on recognition and
skills of identification. A field intensive hands-on course. A research
project including a written paper and presentation is required. Prerequisites:
BIOL 292 and BIOL 308 with a C or better.
BIOL 401W/501. Entomology. 4 Credits.
A comprehensive survey of the insects, including taxonomy, morphology,
physiology, reproductive and developmental biology, and ecology. Research
techniques in entomology will be learned through both field and laboratory
work. Writing skills will be learned through written summaries, essay
exams, laboratory reports and research proposals. This is a writing intensive
course. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 and BIOL 292 must be passed with a grade
of C (2.0) or higher.
BIOL 403/503. Medical Microbiology. 3 Credits.
This course integrates the disciplines of microbiology, immunology, and
biochemistry with the pathophysiology of infections and the appropriate
pharmacology in a problem-based learning setting. Students will learn the
fundamental concepts and terminologies of infectious diseases. The material
will be case studies in small group tutorials and emphasize independent
learning. Prerequisites: BIOL 250, BIOL 315, and CHEM 441 must be
passed with a grade of C or higher or instructor approval.
BIOL 404/504. Conservation Biology. 5 Credits.
The application of fundamental biological principles to the preservation of
biodiversity, including the role of ecological and evolutionary theory to the
preservation of biotas on a regional and global basis. Lectures will cover
modern approaches to conservation biology, including conservation ethics
and management issues. Laboratories will include discussion of case studies,
introduction to software applicable to conservation biology, presentations
by regional conservation practitioners, and visits to relevant field sites.
Prerequisites: BIOL 291 must be passed with a grade of C or higher and
junior standing or permission of instructor.
BIOL 405W. Biology Seminar. 3 Credits.
This course offers a capstone experience in scientific writing, facultymentored library research, the review and synthesis of material from the
primary technical literature, and oral presentation. Students will develop
a deeper understanding of the purposes and types of scientific writing, the
structure and interpretation of technical papers, and the oral and written
communication skills appropriate to the discipline. (This is a writing
intensive course.) Prerequisites: BIOL 291, BIOL 292, BIOL 293, and
BIOL 303 and two 300- or 400-level elective courses, a grade of C or better
in ENGL 211C or ENGL 221C or ENGL 231C, and CS 120G or CS 121G
or CS 126G or HLTH 120G or IT 150G or STEM 251G.

BIOL 408/508. Introduction to Pharmacology. 4 Credits.

This is a general introductory course in pharmacology dealing with
chemistry, general properties and pharmacological effects on various
physiological systems, therapeutic usefulness and toxicities of drugs. The
course is designed to prepare upper-level undergraduate and graduate
students for more advanced courses in pharmacology. Prerequisites:
BIOL 250, BIOL 293, and BIOL 303 must be passed with a grade of C or
higher or permission of the instructor.
BIOL 409/509. Immunology. 3 Credits.
A comprehensive study of the phenomena of immune resistance, the
cells and tissues involved in immune responses, and the consequences of
immunization. Prerequisites: BIOL 293 and BIOL 303 must be passed with a
grade of C or higher or permission of the instructor.
BIOL 411/511. Zymology: Fermentation Science. 4 Credits.
This is an introductory course in the theory and practice of zymology
(fermentation). Edible and potable products of fermentation (beer, wine,
mead, yogurt, cheese) have been known since antiquity and play an
important role in todays society. The science of fermentation touches on
many biological disciplines, such as microbiology and biochemistry, and
the study of yeasts has provided considerable foundation to the fields of cell
biology and molecular biology. In this course, we will cover fundamentals
of fermentation and its practical application to production of beer, one of the
oldest beverages produced by humans. Prerequisite: BIOL 293.
BIOL 412/512. Plant Physiology. 4 Credits.
A study of the physiological processes occurring in plants. A laboratory
and greenhouse oriented course stressing plant nutrients, cell metabolismrespiration, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormones.
Prerequisites: BIOL 292 must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Pre- or
corequisite: BIOL 293 and CHEM 211.
BIOL 415/515. Marine Ecology. 3 Credits.
An introduction to ecological processes in the marine environment with
an emphasis on coastal ecosystems. The course covers synthetic topics as
well as the ecology of specific marine habitats. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 and
BIOL 331 must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Pre- or corequisite:
When offered during the fall semester, BIOL 442 is a corequisite.
BIOL 416/516. Clinical Immunology. 3 Credits.
A description of common immunological problems seen in the clinic.
Prerequisites: BIOL 409 must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 419/519. Wetland Plants. 5 Credits.
A field-oriented course on the identification and ecology of aquatic and
wetland plants with emphasis on plants used to delineate wetlands following
federal guidelines. Activities include the use of identification databases,
apps, and traditional floras, and monographs to develop identification
skills using plants from the diversity of habitats in the region. A research
project including a written paper and presentation is required. Prerequisites:
BIOL 291 and BIOL 308 must be passed with a grade of "C" or higher.
BIOL 420/520. Ichthyology. 5 Credits.
The biology of marine and freshwater fishes including morphology,
physiology, evolution, distribution, ecology, and reproduction. Prerequisites:
BIOL 292 must be passed with a grade of C or higher and junior standing.
BIOL 422/522. Field Studies in Ornithology. 4 Credits.
A combined lecture and field study of birds with emphasis on identification,
behavior, and field methods. Extensive field trips, including at least one
weekend, are taken. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 and BIOL 292 must be passed
with a grade of C or higher or permission of the instructor.
BIOL 423W/523. Cellular and Molecular Biology. 3 Credits.
The molecular organization of eukaryotic cells is presented along with
cell evolution, molecular genetics, the internal organization of the cell and
the behavior of cells in multicellular organisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 293,
BIOL 303, and a grade of C or better in ENGL 211C or ENGL 221C or
ENGL 231C.

BIOL 424/524. Comparative Animal Physiology. 5 Credits.

An introduction to the basic mechanisms by which different animals
function. How organisms acquire and use energy, regulate their internal
environment, circulate and exchange gases and wastes, receive and conduct
information about their environment, and move and use muscles will be
some of the topics covered. Emphasis will be on how organisms make
changes in these basic mechanisms to deal with different environmental
conditions. Prerequisites: BIOL 292 must be passed with a grade of C or
higher.
BIOL 425/525. Cancer Biology. 3 Credits.
This course will examine how mutation leads to altered gene products
and expression, subverted cell activity, cell immortalization, and tumor
formation. Students will explore the differences between benign tumors and
malignant tumors as well as the factors involved in malignancy. The course
will conclude with the exploration of current cancer therapy. Prerequisites:
BIOL 293 and BIOL 303 must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 426/526. Histology. 5 Credits.
The structure and function of cells, tissues and organs at both the light
microscopic and ultrastructural levels. Prerequisites: BIOL 250 and
BIOL 293 must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 430W/530. Microbial Pathogenesis. 3 Credits.
Examination of bacterium-host interactions with an emphasis on how
bacteria cause disease, particularly the means by which the bacterium is
able to circumvent host defense mechanisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 315 and a
grade of C or better in ENGL 211C or ENGL 221C or ENGL 231C.
BIOL 435/535. Marine Conservation Biology. 3 Credits.
This highly interdisciplinary science of conserving marine biodiversity
will be taught through a review of old and new literature. This will include
its history, marine ecology related to conservation biology, threats to
marine biodiversity, assessment of extinction risk, conservation challenges
of marine habitats and regions, and methods for conserving marine
biodiversity. Prerequisites: BIOL 331 must be passed with a grade of C or
higher.
BIOL 436W/536. Infectious Disease Epidemiology. 3 Credits.
This lecture/lab course will focus on concepts related to the spread and
control of infectious diseases. The lectures will focus on concepts while
the labs will provide quantitative skills essential to the study of infectious
diseases. This course is also a writing-intensive course. Prerequisites:
BIOL 291, and BIOL 292, and BIOL 293, and BIOL 303, and MATH 200 or
MATH 163 or MATH 211, and STAT 130M or STAT 310, and ENGL 231C
or ENGL 221C or ENGL 211C; all must be passed with a grade of "C" or
higher.
BIOL 437/537. One Health: People, Animals and the Environment. 3
Credits.
A course that examines the interdependence between human health, animal
health and environmental health. The One Health approach to the threat of
emerging infectious diseases includes understanding the interconnectedness
of human and animal pathogens, epidemic zoonoses and corresponding
environmental factors, insights into mechanisms of microbial evolution
towards pathogenicity, new technologies and approaches towards disease
surveillance, and political and bureaucratic strategies. Pre- or corequisite:
BIOL 291, BIOL 292, BIOL 293, and BIOL 303; a Microbiology course is
recommended.
BIOL 438/538. The Biology of Woody Plants. 4 Credits.
The study of trees and shrubs (dendrology), their identification, ecology,
structure and anatomy, lore, and uses are emphasized in this field-oriented
course. A research project including a written paper and presentation is
required. Prerequisites: BIOL 308 or its equivalent must be passed with a
grade of "C" or higher.
BIOL 441/541. Animal Behavior. 5 Credits.
Animal behavior with special attention to its evolution and ecological
significance. Field and laboratory activities will emphasize the observational
and experimental techniques used to study behavior. Prerequisites:
BIOL 291 and BIOL 292 must be passed with a grade of C or higher and
junior standing or permission of the instructor.

Biological Sciences

BIOL 442/542. Marine Ecology Laboratory. 2 Credits.

A laboratory/field course in which students gain practical experience
with research techniques common to coastal marine ecology, and become
familiar with the organisms and ecological conditions present in the various
marine habitats visited by the class. A field trip of several days is required.
Pre- or corequisite: When offered during the fall semester, BIOL 415 is a
corequisite.
BIOL 444/544. Field Studies in Marine Biology. 5 Credits.
An intensive study abroad field course offered during the summer at a
foreign marine laboratory where students will be engaged in lectures and
field studies of coastal marine environments. Check with the Director of the
Marine Biology Concentration Program for details. Prerequisite: BIOL 331
must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 445/545. Community Ecology. 3 Credits.
The goal of this course is to introduce and evaluate both classical and
emerging paradigms in community ecology. This will be achieved by
examining those processes (biotic and abiotic) that structure ecological
communities and by exposing students to quantitative and theoretical aspects
of these paradigms. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 must be passed with a grade of
C or higher.
BIOL 446/546. Comparative Biomechanics. 3 Credits.
The principles of fluid and solid mechanics will be applied to a variety
of plant and animal systems to understand how organisms deal with the
immediate physical world and its accompanying constraints. A diverse range
of topics will be covered, including aerial flight in insects, wind resistance in
trees, jet propulsion in squid, flow within blood vessels, forces on intertidal
organisms, viscoelasticity in biological materials, and energy storage during
terrestrial movement. Prerequisites: BIOL 293 must be passed with a grade
of C or higher; PHYS 111N and PHYS 112N are recommended.
BIOL 450/550. Principles of Plant Ecology. 4 Credits.
This course emphasizes the general theoretical concepts in plant ecology
with statistical methods. The structure, development, processes, and history
of plant communities are studied. Laboratories involve extensive fieldwork.
A weekend field trip is required. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 must be passed
with a grade of C or higher and senior standing.
BIOL 453/553. Molecular Ecology. 4 Credits.
This course will explore the biology of organisms by using molecular
(nucleic acid and/or protein) techniques and data. It covers a wide variety
of subdisciplines within Biology, including genetics, physiology, ecology,
and evolution. This course will explore basic theory in population genetics,
ecology, and evolution and cover DNA, RNA, and Protein techniques and
their application to biological research. Prerequisites: BIOL 291, BIOL 292,
BIOL 293, AND BIOL 303 all must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 456/556. Population Genetics. 3 Credits.
An introduction to the principles of population genetics that addresses
topics such as inheritance, genetic variation, fitness, natural selection,
mutation, genetic drift, gene expression, and single- and multi-locus models
of different types of selection. Human disease is addressed. Students will
write a mock-grant proposal. Prerequisites: BIOL 303 must be passed with a
grade of C or higher.
BIOL 457/557. General Virology. 3 Credits.
A basic course covering the history of virology, viral taxonomy, genetics,
and the molecular biology and host responses to the major mammalian
virus groups. Examples of recent impacts of viruses on human health such
as influenza pandemics will also be covered. Prerequisites: BIOL 293 and
BIOL 303 must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 460/560. Frontiers in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 1 Credit.
Review of the structure, synthesis and properties of key nano-materials and
their impact on living systems. Prerequisites: BIOL 293 must be passed with
a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 461/561. Human Cadaver Dissection. 4 Credits.
Students will dissect a human cadaver and learn all major structures. All
exams will be practical tag-tests using human tissue. The major emphasis
will be on head, neck, trunk, and joints with some clinical application to
injuries and surgery. Prerequisites: BIOL 251, or its equivalent, must be
passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher.
9

Biological Sciences

BIOL 462/562. Microbial Genetics. 3 Credits.

This course will emphasize the fundamental concepts of microbial genetics
including the study of gene structure, gene regulation, operons, DNA
replication, RNA biology, protein synthesis, plasmid biology, mobile genetic
elements, and recombinant DNA technology. Prerequisites: BIOL 315 must
be passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher.
BIOL 463/563. Cell Signaling in Host Pathogen Interactions. 3 Credits.
This course will emphasize cell dynamics including host and pathogen
induced cellular signaling, the regulation of actin cytoskeleton
rearrangement, and the modulation of host transcription and translation by
different pathogens. Prerequisite: BIOL 293.
BIOL 464/564. Biomedical Applications of Low Temperature Plasmas. 3
Credits.
This course is cross listed between ECE and Biology. It is intended for
senior undergraduate students and first year graduate students. The course
contents are multidisciplinary, combining materials from engineering and the
biological sciences. The course covers an introduction to the fundamentals
of non-equilibrium plasmas, low temperature plasma sources, and cell
biology. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the interaction of low
temperature plasma with biological cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Potential applications in medicine such as wound healing, blood coagulation,
sterilization, and the killing of various types of cancer cells will be covered.
Prerequisites: Senior standing.
BIOL 465/565. Biotechnology. 3 Credits.
This course provides an overview of how microbes are manipulated to
solve practical problems through biotechnology. Topics include basic
concepts in microbial technology, industrial microbiology, microbes in drug
development, food microbiology, microbial interactions, gut microbiota, and
metagenomics. Prerequisites: BIOL 315 must be passed with a grade of "C"
or higher or permission of instructor.
BIOL 466. Mitigation and Adaptation Studies. 3 Credits.
Students will be introduced to the science underpinning mitigation of
human-induced changes in the Earth system, including but not limited
to climate change and sea level rise, and adaptation to the impacts of
these changes. The course will cover the environmental hazards and the
opportunities and limitations for conservation, mitigation and adaptation.
Cross listed with IDS 466 and OEAS 466. Prerequisite: BIOL 291 or
permission of instructor.
BIOL 468W. Research Methods in Mathematics and Science. 3 Credits.
Emphasizes the tools and techniques used to solve scientific problems.
Topics include use and design of experiments, use of statistics to interpret
experimental results, mathematical modeling of scientific phenomena, and
oral and written presentation of scientific results. Students will perform four
independent inquiries, combining skills from mathematics and science to
solve research problems. Required for Biology teaching licensure track;
not available as upper-division elective in content area. (This is a writing
intensive course.) Prerequisites: BIOL 307 or BIOL 308 or BIOL 315 or
MATH 212 and ENGL 211C or ENGL 221C or ENGL 231C must be passed
with a grade of C or higher or permission of instructor.
BIOL 470T/570. Diseases that Changed our World. 3 Credits.
Despite advancements in the development of antimicrobials and vaccines
and in securing clear water and food supplies, modern civilizations are not
immune to epidemic diseases. This course will provide insight into the
role of different technologies in the struggle to attain disease control and
eradication and explore the challenge of forecasting emerging plagues,
describing the nature and evolution of diseases and conveying their
significance in shaping Western culture and civilization, their impact,
their consequences, their costs, and the lessons learned. Prerequisites:
BIOL 291 and BIOL 293 must be passed with a grade of "C" or higher. Preor corequisite: BIOL 315.

BIOL 471W/571. Marine Vertebrate Ecology, Management &

Conservation. 3 Credits.
Course will explore the biology, diversity and major life history patterns
of a suite of marine megafauna, including sea turtles, marine mammals,
seabirds and sharks. Students will determine the major drivers behind largescale declines of many marine megafauna species and be challenged to
understand and attempt to solve conservation and management issues. This
is a writing intensive course, with a focus on the content and mechanics of
scientific writing. Prerequisites: BIOL 291, BIOL 292, and ENGL 211C or
ENGL 221C or ENGL 231C must be passed with a C (2.0) or better. Pre- or
corequisites: BIOL 331 OR OEAS 306.

BIOL 488W. Honors Research in Biology. 4 Credits.

Independent study and scheduled meetings with faculty advisor. Supervised
independent study in an area of individual interest in biology. The work in
this course results in the production of a thesis. (This is a writing intensive
course.) (qualifies as a CAP experience) Prerequisites: BIOL 487, admission
to the Honors Program, senior standing, and a grade of C or better in
ENGL 211C or ENGL 221C or ENGL 231C.

BIOL 474/574. Mushrooms. 4 Credits.

This field oriented course emphasizes the identification, classification,
ecology, culture, and uses of mushrooms and other fleshy fungi.
Prerequisites: BIOL 308 must be passed with a grade of C or higher.

BIOL 496/596. Topics. 1-3 Credits.

A specially designed, structured course concerning specific topics in the
biological, environmental, or allied health fields. Prerequisites: BIOL 123N
and BIOL 124N must be passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher, junior
standing, and permission of instructor.

BIOL 475/575. Neurobiology. 3 Credits.

This course will focus on understanding brain structure as well as the
morphology and function of the central nervous system in general.
Fundamental processes such as neuron morphogenesis, guidance, polarity,
migration, and growth cone motility will be emphasized. The cellular
and molecular basis of neurological disorders also will be discussed.
Prerequisites: BIOL 250 or BIOL 293 must be passed with a grade of "C" or
higher or permission of instructor.
BIOL 478/578. Microbial Ecology. 3 Credits.
Study of the interactions between microorganisms, particularly bacteria,
and their environment. Emphasis is placed on nutrient cycling and the
influence of microbes on global mineral dynamics. The effects of physical
and chemical factors on the distribution and activity of microbes in their
environments and the applications (biotechnology) of these interactions are
studied. Prerequisites: BIOL 315 must be passed with a grade of C or higher.
BIOL 479/579. Microbial Ecology Laboratory. 1 Credit.
A laboratory for measurement of microbial numbers and activity in natural
environments. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 478.
BIOL 480/580. Advanced Human Physiology Laboratory. 2 Credits.
A study of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous and digestive systems
using mammals. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 251 must be passed with a grade
of C (2.0) or higher.
BIOL 481W/581. Forensic and Medical Entomology. 5 Credits.
This is a writing intensive course that provides a comprehensive survey
of the insects used in legal investigations and medically important
insects. Topics covered include the taxonomy, morphology, physiology,
reproductive and developmental biology, and ecology of these insects
along with the diseases they may vector. Research techniques in forensic
and medical entomology will be learned through both field and laboratory
activities. Prerequisites: BIOL 291 and BIOL 292 must be passed with a
grade of C (2.0) or higher.

BIOL 490/590. Advanced Human Physiology. 4 Credits.

All major physiological systems will be examined with an emphasis
on normal physiology. Some clinical applications will be discussed.
Prerequisites: BIOL 251 must be passed with a grade of C (2.0) or higher.

BIOL 497. Undergraduate Research. 1-3 Credits.

The student performs laboratory and/or field research under the supervision
of a Department of Biological Sciences faculty member. The student must
devote a minimum of 3 hours per week for the equivalent of 1 credit. The
student must maintain lab/field notes, must submit a written report, may be
required to give an oral presentation, and must be evaluated by the faculty
supervisor. If 3 credits are taken, then BIOL 497 counts as an upper-level
biology elective course with a laboratory or field component (qualifies as a
CAP experience). Prerequisites: BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N or BIOL 138N
and BIOL 139N must be passed with a grade of C or higher, junior standing,
permission of the supervising faculty member, and permission of the Chief
Departmental Advisor and Chair of the Department of Biological Sciences.
BIOL 498/598. Independent Study. 1-3 Credits.
This unstructured course is based on a supervised project, without a
laboratory or field component, that is selected to suit the needs of the
individual student. The completion of a formal scientific paper documented
with the appropriate primary technical literature is required. An oral
presentation also may be required. Contact the Chief Departmental Advisor
for details. Prerequisites: BIOL 123N and BIOL 124N or BIOL 138N and
BIOL 139N must be passed with a grade of C or higher; junior standing,
permission of the supervising faculty member, permission of the Chief
Departmental Advisor, and permission of the Chair of the Department of
Biological Sciences also are required.

BIOL 482/582. Human and Veterinary Parasitology. 3 Credits.

The course will emphasize the principles of parasitism, including biology,
physiology, genetics, morphology, and phylogeny of the major parasitic
groups with a specific focus on the significant parasites of humans and
animals of veterinary importance. The general biology of parasites
including their life cycles, diagnosis, and treatment will be included as well.
Prerequisites: BIOL 293 and BIOL 303 must be passed with a grade of C or
higher or permission of instructor.
BIOL 487. Honors Research in Biology. 4 Credits.
Independent study and scheduled meetings with faculty advisor. Supervised
independent study in an area of individual interest in biology. The work
in this course results in the production of a thesis. (qualifies as a CAP
experience) Prerequisites: admission to the Honors Program and senior
standing.

Biological Sciences

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