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Tutorial 1

The document discusses summation notation and provides examples of evaluating different types of summations using summation rules. It defines summation notation, provides four summation rules, and then works through four example problems applying the rules to evaluate different summations. The solutions show applying the rules to break down complex summations into simpler forms that can be evaluated step-by-step.

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Samia Elsayed
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

Tutorial 1

The document discusses summation notation and provides examples of evaluating different types of summations using summation rules. It defines summation notation, provides four summation rules, and then works through four example problems applying the rules to evaluate different summations. The solutions show applying the rules to break down complex summations into simpler forms that can be evaluated step-by-step.

Uploaded by

Samia Elsayed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE ALGEBRA OF SUMMATION NOTATION

The following problems involve the algebra (manipulation) of


summation notation. Summation notation is used to define the
definite integral of a continuous function of one variable on a closed
interval. Let's first briefly define summation notation. If f(i)
represents some expression (function) involving i, then

.
The "i=" part underneath the summation sign tells you which
number to first plug into the given expression. The number on top of
the summation sign tells you the last number to plug into the given
expression. You always increase by one at each successive step. For
example,

= 3 + 6 + 11 + 18
= 38 .
We will need the following well-known summation rules.

1.

2.

3.

(n times) = cn,
where c is a
constant.

4.

PROBLEM 1 : Evaluate

PROBLEM 2 : Evaluate

PROBLEM 3 : Evaluate

PROBLEM 4 : Evaluate

SOLUTIONS TO THE ALGEBRA OF SUMMATION NOTATION

SOLUTION 1 :

(5+8) + (5+4) + (5+2) + (5+1) =


13 + 9 + 7 + 6 =
. 35 =

: SOLUTION 2

The above step is nothing more than changing the order and )
(.grouping of the original summation

Placing 3 in front of the second summation is simply factoring 3 )


from each term in the summation. Now apply Rule 1 to the first
(.summation and Rule 2 to the second summation

15,150 + 400 =
. 15,550 =

: SOLUTION 3

(.Separate this summation into three separate summations)

(.Factor out the number 6 in the second summation)

(.Apply Rules 1, 2, and 3)

1800 + 120,600 - 2,686,700 =


. 2,567,900 =

: SOLUTION 4

Since each summation begins with i=15, WE CANNOT USE THE )


RULES IN THE FORM THAT THEY ARE GIVEN. Observe the following
(.simple method to correct this shortcoming

(.Now apply Rules 1 and 2)

(136) + (105 - 11,325)4 =

. 45,016 =

Let the following program


()int main
}
;int A = 10, B = 15, C = 20
;int *P1, *P2
;P1=&A
;P2=&C
;++P1=(*P2)*
;P1=P2
;P2=&B
;P1-=*P2*
;P1*=*P2*
;A=(*P2)++ * *P1
;P1=&A
;P2=*P1/=*P2*
;return 0
{

Complete the following table for each instruction of the above


.program
(3)
P2*

P2
P2 ref to

P1*

P1
P1 ref to

null

null

null

10

20

10

21

20

0
2

5
1

0
2

5
1

0
2

5
1

A
10

Initialization

10

P1=&A

10

;P2=&C

20

;++P1=(*P2)*

21

21

15

21

15

15

90

16

90

16

84

135
0
84

A
A

1
2

5
1

1
2

5
1

5
1

20

;P1=P2

20

;P2=&B

20

;P1-=*P2*

20

;P1*=*P2*

5
1

0
9

5
1

135

0
9

6
1

0
135

0
9

6
8

84

;A=(*P2)++ * *P1
;P1=&A
;P2=*P1/=*P2*

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