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Some Stuff About Public Administration - CSS Forums

Public administration involves the cooperative efforts of government to efficiently achieve goals and serve citizens. It has been practiced since ancient civilizations like Egypt and the Indus Valley, where large construction projects required organized management. However, public administration emerged as a formal subject of study after World War I, when governments expanded their roles and more professional management of public services was needed. It draws from various disciplines and aims to implement political values and fulfill government objectives through legal and managerial processes.

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Sadhvi Gupta
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367 views4 pages

Some Stuff About Public Administration - CSS Forums

Public administration involves the cooperative efforts of government to efficiently achieve goals and serve citizens. It has been practiced since ancient civilizations like Egypt and the Indus Valley, where large construction projects required organized management. However, public administration emerged as a formal subject of study after World War I, when governments expanded their roles and more professional management of public services was needed. It draws from various disciplines and aims to implement political values and fulfill government objectives through legal and managerial processes.

Uploaded by

Sadhvi Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SomeStuffaboutPublicAdministrationCSSForums

INTRODUCTION

ThemeaningofPA
Thepracticeofpublicadministration(PA)
Publicadministrationasasubjectofstudy
DefinitionofPublicadministration
Publicadministration,democracyandrightsofcitizens
TheMeaning
ThewordadministrationhasbeenderivedfromLatinwordsad=toandministiare=serveand
Public=peopleorcitizens
Thusthewordadministrationmeanstoexecutethepolicyofgovernmenttoservepublic.
ManagementisalsodefinedasCooperativehumanendeavourtoachievegivengoals.Traditionally
managementisalsodefinedasManagement=POSDCORBwhichstandsforPlanning,Organizing,
Staffing,Directing,Coordination,Reporting,Budgeting.
Ingeneraladministrationandmanagementareusedinterchangeably.
PublicAdministration
Apublicadministrationasapracticeisasoldasthehumancivilization.Whenhumanbeingsstarted
livinginsocietyinanorganizedwaytheystartedthepracticeofadministration,becausetheystartedto
live
cooperativelyinsociety.Itissaidthatwhenamantriedtoleftastoneandwasunabletodosoaloneand
washelpedbyanotherman,thepracticeofmanagement/administrationbegan.
EgyptianPyramids(1491BC)
YoumusthaveseenEgyptianpyramidsandmusthavethoughthow
suchhugestructurewasbuilt.TheconstructionofEgyptianpyramidsin1491
isanexampleofpracticeofadministration,asitinvolvedcooperativeeffort
ofthousandsofpeople.
MohenjodaroandHarrapa
InPakistanMohenjodaroandHarrapacivilizationsareamagnificentexampleofpracticeof
administration.Thetwocitieshadwellplannedroads,granary,wellsandwallsaroundthecitytoprotect
it.
Suchplanningofcityshowsthattherulersmanagedthecitywell.

SowecansaythatpublicadministrationasapracticeisoldascivilizationButPublic
Administrationasadisciplinetobetaughtinformaleducationalinstitution,startedafterWorldWarI
(1914),inUSAandtheninEurope.TheemergenceofpublicadministrationasdisciplineinUSAand
Europewasduetothechangingroleofgovernment.TheGreatDepressioninUSAandEuropebrought
largescaleunemploymentandlowwages,andfallingdemandforgoods.Itwasfeltthatinthese
circumstancesthegovernmentshouldinvesttoprovidejobs.Thus,theroleofgovernmentwasseenas
primemoverineconomy.
WhyPublicAdministrationReceivedImpetusasASubject?
Followingwerethereasonsfortheemergenceofpublicadministrationasasubject:
1.
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Expandingwelfarerole(distributive)ofthegovernment
2.
Theemergenceofprivatesectorandregulatoryrole,ofgovernment
3.
TheneedforincreasedefficiencyintheOrganization
4.
DevelopmentofScienceandTechnology
5.
BettermanagementofpublicmattersthroughtraininginUSA
DefinitionofPublicAdministration
Nowwewilllookatvariousdefinitionsofpublicadministrationtobettercomprehendtheconcept:
.
Publicadministration.istheactionpartofgovernment,themeansbywhichthepurposesand
goalsofgovernmentarerealized.
.
Publicadministrationasafieldismainlyconcernedwiththemeansforimplementingpolitical
values
.
Theprocessofpublicadministrationconsistsoftheactionsinvolvedineffectingtheintentor
desireofagovernment.Itisthusthecontinuouslyactive,businesspartofgovernment,concerned
withcarryingoutthelaw,asmadebylegislativebodies(orotherauthoritativeagents)and
interpretedbythecourts,throughtheprocessesoforganizationandmanagement.
.
Itisacooperativegroupeffortinapublicsetting
.
Itcoversallthethreebranchesexecutive,legislative,andjudicialand
.
theirinterrelationships

Allthesedefinitionsexplainusdifferentdimensionofthesubjects.Thesedefinitionsmightconfuse
usandwemightsaythatthereisreallynosuchsubjectaspublicadministration,butratherthatpublic
administrationmeansdifferentthingstodifferentobserversandlacksasignificantcommontheoreticalor
appliedmeaning,orwemightsaythatpublicadministrationiseverywhere:
Buttwothingsdefinitelyemergefromtheabovedefinition.Theseare:
1.
Thestudyofpublicadministrationoverlapsanumberofotherdisciplines,includingpolitical
science,sociology,economics,psychology,andbusinessadministration.and
2.
Publicadministrationistheuseofmanagerial,political,andlegaltheoriesandprocessesto
fulfillthegoalsofgovernment(welfareofpublic).
(Institutions)
(Government)
(Citizens)

Nowbeforewefurtherproceedtounderstandpublicadministrationweneedtounderstandcertain
conceptslikeandstateandgovernment.Thediagramshowsthatcitizensofanycountryareuserof
services
andproviderofservices.
InstitutionsofState

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Theinstitutionsofstateareasfollows:
.
Legislature:Parliament(NationalandProvincialAssemblies)makeslawsfortheorganization
.
Judiciary:(SupremeCourt&ProvincialCourts)andSessionCourts)interpretlaws
.
Executive(National,Provincial)implementslaws
TheMinistries,Division,Departments/Directoratesaretheorganizationsthatfunctionunderthe
executivetoimplementlaw.Forexamplethepolicedepartmenthastheresponsibilitytomaintainpeace
&
order
Government
Governmentisprocessofgoverning.Itistheuseofpowerderivedfromthelawthatis
made/approvebythelegislature.Itismeans,methods,manner,orsystemofgoverningsocietyand
organization.
ThegovernmentofIslamicRepublicofPakistanderivesitssystemsandmethodsfromthe
Constitution(1973).Article9099oftheConstitutiongivesprovisionforRulesofBusiness.TheRulesof
Business1973provide.Theroles,responsibilitiesandfunctionofgovernmentorganizations(ministries,
departmentsetc)
WhatisDemocracy
Whenwetalkofstateandgovernmentitisimportanttomentionthatwhatformofgovernment
Pakistanhas.PakistanisaparliamentaryDemocracy.TheworddemocracyisaGreekwordwhere
demos
meanpeopleandKratesmeansauthority.
ValuesofDemocracy
Democracieshavecertainvaluesandtheseare:
.
Individualism
.
Equality
.
Liberty
Individualism
Individualismmeansthatthedignityandintegrityofindividualisofsupremeimportance.It
suggeststhatachievingthefullestpotentialofeachindividualisthebestmeasureofthesuccessof
political
systemandgovernment
Equality
Allnormalindividualsareequalintheirtalentsbutalsoeachindividualhasanequalclaimtolife,
libertyandthepursuittohappiness
Liberty
Citizensshouldhavetherighttothemaximumopportunitytoselectownpurposeinlifeand
choosemeanstoaccomplishthese.Thecitizenshouldbefacilitatedratherthanhinderedintheirpursuit
to
ameaningfullife.
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Concepts
Thestudentsmustunderstandthefollowingconcepts:
...
Organization:
Management:
Process:
Thestructureandframeworkcreatedtoperformcertain
functionstoachievegoals.
Cooperativehumanefforttoachievegoals
asystematicmechanismtocompleteanactivity

.
Efficiency:Efficiency=Output:Efficiencyrelatestomaximizationofgoals
Inputexample:10.output=2=efficient
4.input
10=1.66=lessefficient.
6
.
Government:
Agovernmentistheprocessofgoverning,itcomprise
organization,system,rulesetc.
.
State:
AsStatehasterritorialjurisdiction,ithaspeopleandinstitutions.
.
Democracy:
Democracyisaformofgovernmentinwhichpeoplehas
authorityandrighttoelecttheirrepresentative.
.
Democraticvalues:
Democraticvaluesarelife,liberty&individualism.

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