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Notebook 2

This document defines key terms related to atomic structure and radioactivity. It explains that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with protons and neutrons located in the central nucleus. The number of protons determines the atomic number and isotope. Radioactivity refers to the spontaneous nuclear decay of unstable atoms over time, which can be measured by half-life. Different types of bonds between atoms are also defined, including ionic bonds formed by electron transfer and covalent bonds formed by electron sharing.

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18 views

Notebook 2

This document defines key terms related to atomic structure and radioactivity. It explains that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with protons and neutrons located in the central nucleus. The number of protons determines the atomic number and isotope. Radioactivity refers to the spontaneous nuclear decay of unstable atoms over time, which can be measured by half-life. Different types of bonds between atoms are also defined, including ionic bonds formed by electron transfer and covalent bonds formed by electron sharing.

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Notebook 2

Radiation Concepts
Terms
Atoms
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Nucleus
Nucleons
Atomic number or Z number
Isotope
Ion
Ionization
Atomic Mass number (A)
Electron Binding Energy
K-Shell
Molecule
Compound
Radioactivity
Half Life
Radioactive Decay
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Valence
Bohr's Model

Definition
What matter is composed of. Atoms are subdivided into three basic
subatomic particles: Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Located in the nucleus and have a positive charge
Located in the nucleus and are neutral, they do not have a charge
Surrounds the nucleus and has a negative charge
Located in the middle of the atom and hold the protons and
neutrons
What protons and neutrons together are referred to as
The number of nuclear protons in an atom
When an atom gains or loses neutrons
When an atom gains or loses an electron
The process of adding or removing an electron from an atom
The atomic mass number is equal to the number of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus
The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an
atom.
This is the orbital shell next to the nucleus. After K it goes L-shell,
M-shell, N-shell, O-shell, P-shell, and Q-shell.
When two or more atoms are chemically united
Composed of two or more elements
The number of nuclear disintegration per unit time; how we
measure nuclear decay
The time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to
half it's original value; the time it takes to get half of a value
The process by which the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy
by emitting radiation
This is the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms.
This is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely
charged ions.
This is a molecular bond that involves the sharing of the electrons
pairs between atoms
The chemical combining characteristic of an element. This is
determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell
This is a type of model that represents the atom as a small,
positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged
electrons that orbit the atom

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