(ToanHocTHPT) ToanNangCaoLuongGiac

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PH~M TRQNG THU

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TOAN NANG CAO

LUONGGIAc

•

~. ...' . ,

PHAN PHu'dNG TRINH Lu'(1NGGIAC

TV LU~N vA TRACNGHleM

.B(UD"tfONGHQCSINHKHAGI()ILdp 10, 11,' 12 • LUytN THI T6T NGHItp TRUNG HQ,C PHQ TH6NG

" A' .,

NHA XUAT BAN e~I-HOC su PH~M

5

· pllAN I. MOT s6 D~G TUUClNG G~P Chu cI~ 1: PHUONG TRiNH LlI(fNG GIAC caBAN A. KltN'THUc CAN NtW·

Nh6m 1: PhUcmg trlnhltllng gi6CCCJbin

D,ng ". Qdagiii
• Ne'u Iml>l.thlphlMlgldnhvGngbiem
• Ne'u Iml:S:l :TaOO:sinX=m~[~""a+k21tk2 ' keZ .,"-
'SinX = m . . =2t-a+ 1t
vm s~a=m {OOIhEJi"YII= __ .ml,ae[- ~; ~]}

. • Ne'u Iml > 1 thi.,......1Ilnh vo ngbiem
cosX=m . . '" I I [X= a+,k21t
• Neu m:S: 1 :Ta 00: cosX = m ~ X= -a + k21t ' k e Z
vdi cosa = m (OO.~., II=.-c:cosm. a e [O;1t] )
tanX=m Ta c6: tanX=me>X=II+b:. teZ
v~ tana = m{OOIhE Ily II =.r.tamn, a e (- ~; ~))

Tac6:cotX=m~X=II+b:.teZ
cotX=m vdi cote = m (00 thI J{y« = 8lUAJb1l,Cle (0; 1t»
LIIU y:

• Trong bai toan, 4<111 vi cung (g6c)cb tb6Dg ..btt

Vi du: x = 60° + k.1800 II cicb vitt 4Ilng,. em x = .; + k.1800 lA each vie't sai.

• Khi giiH phirong trlnh ht~ng giic 00 dn1'a him tang hoac ham cotang ta phai

d~t di~u tien,.ching h,ncomuc4jn!: tID D# b:.k e Z; tanu xac dinh khi 1t

u:t -+klt.k e Z. 2

• Khi giai phuong trlnh loVng pc fa Iu60 1060 dIIi Y.t 4i~u kien t6n tai bai toano

TruCm6 hqp t1~c ul# :

11:
cosu = 0 <=> u = - + k1t, k e Z. 'sinu =O~x= k1t,k.e Z.·
2 '
cosu = 1 <=> u = k21t, k eZ. . 11:'
sino=l~u =..,...+ k21t,.k EZ~
2 . , Gilli

cosu'="::1 <=> u = 11:+ k2n, k E Z: sinu = -=1 <=> uJ = - n + k2n, k E Z.
2
x
cotu = 0 <=> u ;:: -e- + kn, k E Z. tanu!:::: 0 <=> u = kn, k eZ.
2 Nh6m 2 : Tuy theo phlldng trinh IlIqJ1g glac ft cho mil tathtlc hi.., cac phep bien d61 luqng glae !hie" hqp di dlla phudngtrinh c"'giai ve d,ngJ;a ban iJ nh6m 1 ho6cve d,ng c6cach glaid6 han.

B. vi DV MINH HQA

Nh6m1

Gilli

3x = n + k22t [x = ~ + k2n

, n 6 ' 18 3'

(*) <=> sin3x =sin-<=> '( ) <=> , k E Z.

6 3 n k2' 5n k2n "

, X= x-6 + n x'=:18+3 '

,. . • ' n ,k2x "5x k2x Z

Vayngh.emcua phuong trlnh(*) Ia x =-+-;x =-+-,k E .

. .' '. 18 3 , 18 3

.1 VI ..,2. Giii phltdDg trlnhcos2x = -i (*j. 1

2 [2X = 2n + k2x [x = .! + kx

(*) <=> cos2x = -cos! = cos~ <=> 32 , <=> 3, ' k E Z

3 3 X·X

' '2x =--+ k27t x = --+k7t

,3 3

7t -

Vb nghiem cua plnmng trlnh (*) la_.X::rl3~~~.

-~""'V""!f~pffitdDgfr1nh tan; ='2 (*).

Gilli

E>i~u kien : ~ :I: ~ + kn, k E Z <=> X:I: 3x + k3n, k E Z.

3 ' 2 2

(*) <=> x = 3 arctan 2 + k3n, k E Z.

V4y nghiem ciia phuong trlnh (*) Ia x = 3 arctan.2 + k3n, k E Z.

Chu t: -cosa =cos(x-a); -sina =sin( -a) .

, + tanu= tan( -a); +cotu= cot(-a)

6

Vi d\I 4. GiiH phU'dn~ trlnb si~4x = Si{ x + j) (*)',

[4X = x + ~ + k2x [3X = ~ + k2x [x = ~ + k2x

(*) ~ 3 ~ 3 . ~ 9 3 k e Z.

( ~). ~.. ~~'

'. 4x=x- x+:- .. +k21!: 5x=-+k2x.· X=-+-

" . 3 3' 15 5

VA h'A • ·h' ~ h(*)l). X k2x. ~k2x k Z

. ayng IPmeuap U'dngtrln aX=-+-.-;X=-+-, E ..

• y . 9 3 15.S

Vi d" 5. Gilii plnrong trlnh eot(x + 300) = cot ~ (*). 2

Ciai

.Jt 'A {X + 300 * k. 1800 {X * -300 + k. 1800

Dleu kien: x 80'0 ~ () ( k, n e Z ).

- * n.l . x * n. 360

2

.

(*)~x+30{) =~+k. 180° ~2x+60{) = x+k. 3600

'2 '

~ x=-60o +k. 360°., keZ.

V~ynghi~m eua phimng trlnh (*) la x = -60(} + k. 360°., k e Z.

Vi d" 6. GhH plurong trlnh sin2x- sill2xeosx. = 0 (*).

,Cia;

. [sin2X = 0 [2X = kx kx

(*)~ sm2x(l- cosx) = 0 ~ cosx = 1 <:::> x = kix <=> x = 2' k e Z.

v~.y nghiem cua pmrong trtnh (*) lA·", = k2X "k e z.

Vi d" 7. Gidi va bi~n lu~n phmmgtrlnh sinx = 2m -1 (*).

Cia;

I 1 [2m -1 > 1 [m > 1

-Truang h(lp 1 : 2m -1 > 1 ~ 2m -1 < -1 ~ m < 0 .

Phuong trlnh (*) vo nghiem. .

-Truang h(lp 2: 12m -11::;;1 ~ -1 $2m-l $1.~ O$m $1.

Ph~cln trlnh (*) e6 nghiem [x = arCs.in(~m -1) + k2x . k e Z.

g . . x = 1t - aresm(2m -1) + k2x'

_T6m lai : •

• Ne'U[rn > 01 thl pbuong trlnh (*) vO nghiem,

'm< .

• Ne'u 0 s rn S 1 thl hl1c1n trlnh ('*) e6 n WArn [x = arcsin(~m -1) +k2x

p g g C( x = x - aresm(2rn -1) + k2x.

7

VI dv· 8. TIm in d~ phirong trtnh ,f2.in( x + =)" m co nghiem x E ( 0, i}

Giai

, x . x ,1t 31t

• VlO<x<-:::)...,...<x+- <-

2 4 4 4 .

. J2 . ( 1t)

, :::)-<sm x+- s t

.24

• PbU'dng trlnh c.U cho c6 ngttiem

(X) . .J2 m

xe 0; - khi -<-' .. si

2 2.J2

~l<ms.J2. ' ,

Nh6m2

Vf·d., 9. Giii plnrong trlnh cosix =.J3 + 2 (*). 4

Gisi

(*) l+cos2x '../3 +2 "2(1' "2') t;;3' 2

~ = ~ +cos x =v"+

2. 4,

"../3 'n . 1t ' . 1t ,:

~cos2x=2=cos6~.fx =± 6+k21t ~X=± 12 +k1t, keZ.

, 1t

Vty nghiem ciia phirong trlnh (*) la x ::: ± 12 + kz , k e Z.

I Vi d¥ 10. Giai phirong trlnh sinxcoszx « sin2xcos3x (*):

Gilli

, (*) ~ .!..(sin3x - sinx) =.!.. (sin5x:- sinx) ~ sin5x = sin3x

2 ,2

. [5X = 3x + k21t . ~ [X = ~X k1t k Z

<=> 5x = 1£ - 3x + k2x x = "8 + 4' e .

V3y nghiem ciia phuong trlnh (*) la x = kn; x = 1t + k7t • k E Z.

8 4, ,

I vr d" 11. Giii phirong.trtnh sin2x =, cos3x (*).

.

( [3X=!-2X+k21t

1t . 2 '

(*)~ cos,3x = cos - - 2X) ~. (1t 0)

2 3x = - - - 2x + k21t

'. 2.'

'Giai

8

Vi d\l13; Gidi phmmg trtnh ~

cos lOx + 2cos2 4x + 6cos3xcosx = cosx + Bcosxcos" 3x (*).

['x ['X k2x

5x=...:...+k2x x=-+--

<=> 2 <=>' 10 5 kEZ.

X . x. '

x = -- + k2xx: = -- + k2x

2 2.'

Viy nghiern ciia (*) la x = ~ + k2x; x = - x + k2x, k E Z.

'. . ,. 10 5 2

Vi d\l12. Gidi phirong trlnh sin" ; + C~S4 ; =~, (*).

Giai

DiU a = sin2 ~ va b = cos2 ~ => a + b.= 1

. 2 2

sin" ~ + cos" ~ = a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 -2ab = I _.!.sin2x

'- 2 2 . 2

(*) <=> 1 ~.!. sin2x = .!. <=> sin2x = 1 <=> cosx = 0 <=> x = x + kx, k E z. '

.22 ' 2' ,

V~y~ghiem cua phU'dng trlnh (*) la x = ~ + kx, k E Z.

Gild

(*) eecos lOx + 1 + cosxx = cosx + 2cosx( 4cos3 3x - 3cos3x) <=> cos 1 Ox + 1 + cosbx = cosx + 2cosxcos9x

<=> cos lOx + 1 + cos8x = cosx + cosl0x + cos8x <=> cosx = 1 <=> x = k2n, k E Z.

Vh nghi~m ciia phU'dngtrlnh(*)11 x = k2x,k E Z.

Vi d\l 14. Giiii

(2 - J3)cosx - 2sin ~(~_ x) ..

, 2 4 = 1 (*).

2cosx -1

Giai Di~u kien : cosx * _!_ <=> x *.± x + k2x, k E Z.

2 3 •

(0) ¢> (2-,/3)COSX-[I-CO{ b ~)J= 2cosx-1

<=> (2 -.J3 )cosx - (1- sinx) =:= 2cosx -1 <=> -.f3cosx + sinx ~ 0 <=> tanx = .J3 = tan ~ <=> x = x+ kx, k E Z.

33

Kc!t hcp vdi di~u kien => (*) c6 nghiem la x -= - 2; + n21t, n E Z.

9

Vi .., 1 S~ Xac dinh m d~ phtrong trinh:

(en: ) '. ' .' ( 5X)

moos 2-x +(2m-l)sin(7x-x)+5m-?=}coS x-T .(*)

cO ct'6ng m()t nghiem x E [_ x; 5X] ',_ '

. . ' 6 6,·

Phtldng ~ (*) vitt lai

ID$inx + (2m ..,..1 )sinx + Sm ~ 7 = 2sinx <=>3(m-l)sinx = 7 -Sm (1)

.N6o m =1: (1)'<:> Osinx = 2

Phtldng trinh(*) vo nghiern .

~ . 7-Sm

.Neo m * I: (1) <:> sinx= (2)

3(m -1)

'.

~ . '(2)'K 1 0 7-Sm. V' AO[": le' 59t], ,[ ,I 1]

A7At t = smx, viet ai : t = . . ul XE --c-;-. . => t E -~;

" . 3(m-l)' 66 . 2

Nhln vao 4u'<Jng tron lu'cJn~ giac :

N... [1 1) h 1 hi h' ' inh si , d' A hO'A

• eo t E -2; 2 oac t = 1 P u'dng tnn smx = t co ung ,mQt ng rem

xe[- 11.' 5XJ. )

6' 6

N... '. [I 1) hl nh ~ h' 0 'd', 'h '0 hOA . [ ,x 5X]

• eote -; t Ip irong trtn smx= t cc ung ai.ng iem x e --;-,'

2.,. , 6 6

1beo yao c40 bai toan thl

{m;t:l .

7-5m --=1 , 3m-3 .

{~;~ 7-sm. ;}_ ¢>

2 3m-3 2

m e l 7m-l.l < 0 m-l -

13m -17 > 0 m-l

" {::~

, 4

'5 17 11

'<=>.m =~ hoac - < m:S-.

4 o. 13 7

. ,5 17' 11 rl1t S1t]'

V4y m = - ho~~ - < m $ ~ thl (*) co dting mQt nghiern x E- -; - ".

4 ,13 7 I' 6 6

10

C. BAI T ~P TV LUY~N Nh6m 1-

Bai t~p 1. GiAi cac phirong trlnh:

, J2 (1t)..[3

a) sm2x=-- b) cos x+- =--

232

Bai t~p 2. Gidi cac phirong trtnh:

a) tan ( x -~ )+cotx =0

c) 2COs[~COs( x -~ )]-J2 =0

" .: [) '..[3

c)tan(x-30 )=-,

" "3

b)Sin24x-Sin2(3x- ~)=O.

2

d) tanx =-L

•

Bai tip 3. Giai va bien lU~Il cap phuong trmh:

a) (2m -l)cosx= mcosx -5 b) 4tanx-m = (m + l jtanx.

Bai tip 4. .

a) TIm m d~ phirong trtnh cos2x = m -'-I c6 nghiem x E ( : ; 3; )

b)TImmM sin(x +:) =~m~I(')c6nghiemx E [0; ~l Nh6m2

.; 2-J2

c) sm2 x = "

4

e) sin" x + cos" X = cos' 2x +.!. 4

)- 3 "3 '"3 '3 J2

g cos x cos x+ sm x sin x=4

k)CO{ x+ ;)+CO{X+~)=CO{ x+ :}

Bai t~p 6. Xac dinh m d~ phirong trlnh sin6x +cos6x =-m co nghiem, Bai t~p 7. GiAi cac phirong trlnh: sin'x + cos'x 1

a) - ,= -(tanx + cotx)

sm2x 2

" _ r;; 2 .

c) 2tanx + cotx = ,,3 +-sin2x

Bai t~p 5. GiiH cac phirong trtnh : a) cosxcos7x = cos3xcos5x

1 b) Icosxl =- 2

djsin" x + cos" X = 2_ 16

f) 2cos3x + ..[3sinx + cosx = 0

,2 J2 + 1

hj sinxcosx+cos x =--_

" 2

b) 3(sinx + tanx)_ 2 - 2

___.;_----"- - cosx ~

tanx=sinx

-1 J2(cosx -sinx)

d) =

, tanx+ cotx

cotx-l

e) sinx-sin2x =,fj cosx-cos2x

f) 1 + CQS2X 2, 1 + sinx

-----tan XSlDX= +tan2x.

2(1-sinx) 2

11

Bai t~p 8. Gidi bien lu~n phirong trlnh (3m - 2) cos 2x -I+4msin2x + m = 0; r. Bai t~p 9. Cho phimng trlnh

( . 71t) ,

(2 + m)sin x +2 --'(3m + 2)cos(21t-x)+ffi -2 = 0 (*)

a) Xac dinh m de (*) c6 nghiern

.. b) Xac dinh .:n de (*) c6 dung ba nghiem x E [-~: '21t] ..

..

D. HVONG DAN GIAI BAI T ~P TV1UY~N Nh6m1

Bai t~p 1.QuY U'~c goi phirong trtnh eta cho lit (*)

[2X = -~+k21t [x = -!+k1t .

a) (*) <=> sin2x == + 1t) ¢:) . . 4. <=> 8., k E Z.

. 4 1t 51t . .

, 2x=1t+-+k2n x=-+kn

. . 4 8 ,

.. (' )'" 5 [x + 1t = '51t + k21t

b) (*) <=> cos X +1t = -cos~';" cos~ <=> 3 65'

. 3. 6 6 x+ 1t =-~+,k21t

3 6

[X = ~ + k21t ' . Z .

<=> 7 .,kE .

x'=-~+k21t' .

6 .

c) Di~u ki,n:x:t; 1200 + k. 180ll, k E Z

J3 .

Ta c6: tan(x- 301l) = - = tan301l <=> x = 60° + k. I80ll, k E Z.

3 ,

Bai t~p 2. Quy U'dc goi phirong trtnh c:1ii cho l~ (*)

. a) Di~u kien:x :t; 561t + kx ; X ;t k1t , k E Z.

(*) <=> tan ( x - ; ) = -cotx « tan ( ~ + x) <=> x - ; = ; + x + k1t . 51t

<=> Ox = - + kn, k E Z 6

=> Plnrong trinh (*) "10 nghiern.

[Sin4X=Sin(3x_~) (1)

b) (*)<=> . 3

, sin4x =Sin(; - 3X) (2)

12

[4X ::::: 3x - 1t + k21t [x ::::: _2:+ k21t

3 3"

(1) <=> (" 1t) . <=> ( 41t k21t' k E Z.

4x:::::1t- 3x-- +k21t . x:::::-+-- .

3 '21 7 .

(2) <=>lx:: ~ + k~X • keZ. . .

x :::::-+k21t 3

. 1t 1t k1t .

=>(*)c6nghl~mx:::::--+k1t; x:::::---.+-,kEZ. '

. 321 7 '

[2:cos(X -~)::::: ~ + k21t [eos(x -~)::::: _!. + 4k

c)(*) <=> 2 4 4, <=> 4. 2

. ~cos( x-~):::::-~+k21t eos( x-~):::::-~+4k (2)

{-I ~ i, 4k < }

(1) e6 nghiem <=> 2 - <=> k::::: 0

kEZ

Luc <16: (1) <=> x ~ 71t + 021t hoac x ::::: -~ + 021t (0 E Z ).

. ,12 . 12

Ly lu~n gi6ng (1) => (2) c6 nghiemee k::::: 0 .

, 111t '51t .

Lucc:t6 :(2)<=>x:::::-+n21t holicx:::::--+n21t(oEZ)

12 '. 12 '

Yay (*).c6 nghiem x = 71t + k1t ; x ::::: 1I1t + kx, k E Z.

· 12· 12

d) tanx2 ::::: -1::::: tan(- 1t) <=> x2 ::::: _2: + k1t, k E Z

4 , 4

Do x" ~O=>k~±, kEZ.=>kE{I, 2, .:"n, ... }

V h x ::::: ±~.:... : + kz , k ::::: 1, 2, "',

Bai t~p 3.

a) Ta c6:(2m ~ 1 )cosx ::::: mcosx - 5 <=> (m ~ l)cosx ::::: -5 (*)

• m::::: 1: (*) vo nghiem,

• m e l:

TnOIng h(lp 1: 1 __ 5 -,I > 1 <=> [m -11·< 5 <=> -4 < m < 6 thl (*) ~o nghiern m-l

Tnlilng'h(lp 2 : 1 __ 5 _I $.1 ; 1m -11 ~ 5 <=> [m -1 ~ 5 <=> [m ~ 6

m -1 , m - ~ $. -5 m ~ -4

f)~t -'_' _5_::::: coso, phirong trlnh (*) <=> x::::: ±cp + k21t; k E Z

m-l . ' ,

(1)

13

. k1t

¢:> cos6x = cos2x ¢:> 6x = ±2x + k21t ¢:> X == _. _, k E Z. 4

Tom It,zi:

• -4 < m < 6 thi (*) v6 nghiem .

• . m $ -4 hoac m ~ 6 thl (*)co nghiern x = ±q> + k21t, k E Z.

b) Ta co: 4tanx - m = (m + l)tanx <=> (3 - mjtanx = m (*) • m = 3:(*) v6 nghiern.

m m

• m *3:(*) <=> tanx = --, d~t -.-. - =.tanq>

3-m 3-m

Ta co: (*) <=> x = q> + kz, k E Z.

Bai t~p 4. Quy u'dc goi phuong trinh dff cho 1ft (*)

a) Ta co: x E (1t'; 31t) => 2~ E (~; 31t) => -1 scoszx < 0

4 4 ',2 2 .

(*) co nghiem XE (~; 3411:) khi -1 $ m-l < 0 <=> 0 s m < 1

b) Ta co . x E [o;~] => x+ ~ E [~; 31t] => .J2 s Sin(x +~) $1

'2 '4 4 4 2 4

(*) co nghiem x E [o;~] khi .fi s 3m -1 s 1 <=> .fi + 2 s m $~'

. 2 2 '. 6 3

Nh6m2

Bai t~p 5. Quy u'dc goiphirong trinh dff cho lit (*)

1 1

a)(*) <=> -(cos8x + cosoxj« -(cos8x + cos2x) .22

" [ 1 .1t [ 1t

cosx = - = cos- x = ±- + k21t.

b)(*)<=> ' .2 3 <=> 3 ,kEZ.

.' 1 21t 21t

cosx = -- = cos- x = ±- + k21t

2 3 . 3 .

1 - cos2x 2 -.J2 . .J2 1t 1t . '

c)(*) <=> =. <=> cos2x = - = cos- <=> x = ±-+ kx.k E Z

2 4 . 2 4 8

, {a = sirr'x

d) Ta co: . => a + b = 1

b e cos/x .

(*) trd thanh a3 + b3=.2_<=> (a + b)3 -3ab(a+ b) =.2_

16 16

'3 . 2 7 3 (1- cos4x ) 7

=> 1--S1O 2x =- ~ 1-~ =-

. ' 4 16 4 2 '1~

1 21t . 1t kx . .

~ cos4x = --;: cos- <=> x = ±-+-,k E Z.

2 3 6 2

14 .

) C.( h .?.A n' A 11: k1t k Z

e ac giar nrong nrcau c . uap so x = 4 +"2' E .

(' )' -; [x - 1t = 1t - 3~ + k21t

t) (*) <=> COS'X -;.= cos(1t-3x) "L ~ . '.

, x - - = -1t + 3x + k21t

3

<=>,[x ~~+ k; • kEZ.

X =--k1t 3

) Th''''' 3 3cosx+ cosdx ·'3· 3sinx-sin3x, -h ~_1..

g e COS x = ; sm x = van p u'dng UllUl

4 4,

, da cho va rut gon lai ta du'<;1C 3cos2x + cos6x = J2 (1)

, " " J2 (1)3

(1) <=> 3cos2x + 4cos3 ~x - 3cos2x = J2 <=> cos' 2x = 4 = J2

1 1t 1t

<=> c<is2x = r;:; = cos- <=> x = ±- + kn, k E Z.

,,2 4' 8

h) (*) sin2x 1 + cos2x "J2 + 1 ' r;:;2' (2 1t)', r;:;2

<=>--+ =_'-' -<=>,,~sm x+-=,,~

2 . 2 ' 2 4

1t 1t 1t

<=> 2x + - = - + k21t <=> X = - +k1t, k E Z.

4 2 8'

k) (*) <=> 2COS(X +~)cos~ = cos(x t~) <=> COs(x +~).(. 2COS~-1)=O

4 12 4 4.12'

<=> cos(x +~) =0 <=> x =~ + kn, k E Z.

4 4

Bai t.P 6 •

• (j (j 3 . 2 3(1-COS4X), 8m-5

.m=sm x+cosx=I--sm 2x=I--' ce cosdx = '

4 4' 2 ,3

Ph 'l h d' - h 6 zh A 1 Srn - 5 1 1 1

• irong trtn a c oc ng tern <=> - ~ ~ <=> - ~ m ~ .

. '3 4

Bai t.P 7. Quy tf~c goi phuong trlnh da cho III (*)

a) Dieu kien: sin2x *- 0,·

1 1 - 22 " ' 1 1: 22

(*) -2sm X_I (Sinx, cosx) -2sm x

<=> - - --'+ -r.--- <=>. =--

sin2x, 2 cosx sinx . sin2x sin2x

<=> sin2x = °

Vh phuong trlnh(*) vo nghiem.

is

, . Sinx) " 3(1' 1) ,

sm~+ .--~--" . _ + ._--

COSX cosx

(*,) <=> sinx . / = 2(1 + cosx) <=> . 1 ' . == 2(1; + cosx)

- ~ - SIDX-- ._- - 1

cosx cosx

3(1 + cosx) 3 1 21t

~ . __ =2(I+cosx)<=> =2<=:>cosx==--=cos-

l-cosx' l-cosx 2 3

21t

<=:>x;::: ±- + k21t. k E Z.

3

c) ~ tien: sin2x * O.

(..:)<::> 2sinx + c~sx ;::: J3 + . 1 <=?,si~x(sinx - J3cosx) == 0'.

COSX SIDX SlDXCOSX .

<::> [fanx = J3 '<=> x ;::: ~ + kn, k E Z.

sinx = 0 (loai) 3

e.: {Sinx * 0; COSX #0

d) Bicu tien _ .

tanx + eotx * 0; cotx "# J ,

1 .J2(cosx - sinx) . .' t: .

(*) ~ ---- = . <=> SlflXCOSX = V 2SlflX

1 C?SX -J

b) Bi&kien : sin2x * 0 <=:> x "# k7t • k E Z

• ,,2

sinxcosx sinx

~ sinx = 0 hoac cosx = J2 (Ioai ) V,y plntdng trinh (*) vonghiem,

e) Breu kien:cos2x * cosx

J3 1 . .s 1 . ( 1t) .( 1t)

(·)~-coS2X--SlD2x=-cosx--smx<=>cos 2x+- =cos x+-

"2[ 1t 27t 2, [2. 6 6

, 2x +-_= x +- + k21t .' _ x = k21t _(lO~i)

~ 6 6 b 1t k21t, k E Z.

1t . 1t X =-~+--

. 2x+- ;:::-(x +-)+ k21t 9 3

" 6 6 ,

. {Sinx * 1 . . 1t

f) Bi~u kien: _ <=> cosx * 0 <=> x * - + kx, k E Z.

cosx * O' . 2 .

(*) l+cos2x l+sinx _ 2 (1 . )

~ = +tan x +smx

2(l-sinx) 2 . .

• 2

2'· • 2 sm x . 2

~l+cos x;::: 1-smx+2·--·(1-~m x)

COS2X

2 2 . 7t kn

~ cos x - sin x = 0 <=> cos2x ;::: 0 <=> x == - +-. k E Z.

. 4'2

16

BAi t3p 8. Quy u'dC gQiphl1dng trlnhdA cho 11 (*)

" ..L(J ~ COS2X), . " ',' '

. (*)~(3m ~2)cos2x;4m "2 " +m=O·,~(2 .... m)cos2x =3m

• Giai nrong t\f Bai t~p 3a .

• Dap s?,:

+"m < -dhoac m > ~ thi ("')v6 nghiern ..

+ ~ 1::;; m s ~ thl (*) c6 nghiem x == ± (*)vfJnghi~m.

m~2 '

.m;at -1 :(1) ~ cosx = ' (2)

4(m + 1)

(*) c6nghi~m ~ (2)'c6 nghiem ~,-1 -s ,m - 2 s 1 ~ [m ::;;-~

4(m+l) m~--

" . 5'

b) D~t t = cosx.

Vdi x E [-~;2X J"" I E [-I; II

Nhln du'<1ng tron luong giac ta th!y :

(*) c6 dung 3 nghiern x E[~ i; ~n] khi

{7"-1 m-2 e>-4<m<-2.

-::;;t= <1 .

2 4(m+l)

-1

17

·G;ai

(*) ee sinxfsinx + 1) = 0 <=> [S~ = 01 <=> [X =k:k2 ,k E Z .

• ' SlDX = - X = -- + 1t

. 2

V~y nghiern eua phtrong trlnh (*) lA X = k1t; x = -~ + k21t, k E Z.

PHUONG 'TRINHBAC HAl ao. val MOT HAM SO LVQNG GIAC

A. KIEN THGC CAN NH{J

Chii d~ 2:

Nh6m 1: Phlldng trinh IlIqng glac bic hal dOi vel mQ! ham s61u'~ng glec

DQ.na Cacbgiai
, .D~t t =sinX.jtl:os; 1
asin2X + bsinX + c = 0 (a * 0) • Ta co: at2 + bt + c == 0 (l),gilii (1) tim.
nghiem t (neu c6), sUY,ra nghiern X.
• D~t t = cosX, It I s 1.
acos/X + bcosX +c = O(a * 0) • Ta co: at2 + bt + c = 0 (2), giiii (2) 11m
nghiem t (neu c6), suy ra nghiem X .
• D~t t = tanX, t.e R. . .
atan/X + btanX +c = O(a * 0) • Ta co: ae + bt + c = 0 (3), gidi (3) tim
nghiem t (ne'u co), suy ra nghiem X ..
• D~t t = cotX, t E R.
acot2X + bcotX + c = 0 (a * 0) • Ta co: al2 + bt +c = o (4),giiii (4) tim
nghiem t (ne'u co), suy ra nghiem X. Nh6m 2 : Tut theo phu'dngtrlnh IlIc;fng gla,c di cho mil tathtlc hltn eae phep blfn d6t lUc;fng glBC th(ch hc;fP di dlla phlldng trinh ~an glil ve dong cl nhom 1 hatc ve dong co eaeh gilll di hdn (chu y d,t dleu kltn nfu co ) ~

B. ,vi DV MINH HQA

Nh6m1

VI d\ll. Gilli phuong trlnh sin 'x + sinx = 0 (*).

VI d\l 2. Giai phmmg trlnh sin22x + sin2x - 2 ~ 0 (*).

18

Vi d ... 5. X~C dinh m dE phirong trlnh cos2 x - 2mcosx + 6m - 9= 0 (*)

C6nghi~rnxE(-~;~} .

D~t t = sin2x, It I $ 1. Ta c6 :

Phuong trtnh (*) trd thanh t2 + t - 2 = 0 <=>t = 1 hoac t = -2 < -1 (Ioai)

=> sin2x= 1 <=> x = ~ + kz, .k E Z. 4

Yay nghiem ella phunng trlnh (*) la x = = + k1t, k E Z.

Vi d(l 3. Gidi phimng trlnh cor'x + eotx - 6 = 0 (*).

Gild Di~u kien: x *" kz, k E Z. D~t t = cotx, t E R.

'. [t = 2 [cotx = 2

Phu'd.ng trlnh (*) trd thanh t2 + t - 6 = 0 <=> t = -3 =::) cotx = -3

[X = arccot2 + k1t. k Z

<=> x = arccot( - 3). + k1t' E .

Vi d ... 4. GiiH phtrong trlnh 4cos2 x - 2(1 + Ji) cos x +..fi = o.

Giai

D~t t = cosx, It I $1.

Tac6: 4e - 2(1 + Ji)t + -Ii = 0 (1), Il' = (1 +.fii -4.fi = (.fi'_ Ii

.fi 1 [eosx = cos 1t [x = ±~ + k21t .

(1) <=> t = - hoac t = - =::) ..! <=> !.' , k E Z.

2 2 cosx = cos- . x = ±- + k21t

. 3 3

Yay nghiem ella plnrong trlnh (*) la x = ± = + k21t; x = ± ; + k21t, k E Z.

Giai DIH t = cosx. Y di - 1t < X < 1t => 0 < t $1.

. 2 2

Ta e6: e - 2rnt + 6rn - 9 = 0 <=> t = 2m - 3 hoac 1 = 3 > 1 , (loai)

Phuong trlnh (*) e6 nghiem x E ( -i; ~) <=> 0 < 2m - 3 $1 <=> % < m s 2.

VI d ... 6. Xac dinh m d~ phuong trlnh 2eos2x - (m + 2)cosx + m = 0 (*) c6 dung hai nghiem x E [ 0; ~ ] .

19

Vi d, 7. Xac dinA m d~ phuong trlnh 2sin22x - 3sin2x + m -1· = 0 (*) e6 dung hai nghiern thuoc [ 0; ~ l

Ciia; DiJ_tt=eosx, Itl~1. VdiXE[O; ;]=HE[O;l]

. [t=lE[O; 1]

1) e6: 2t2 - (m + 2)t +- m = 0 <=> t = m .

. 2 .

De (*) e6 dung hai nghiem x E [0; ;] th1 ; E [0; 1) <=> m E[O; 2).

Cia;

D~t t = sin2x.

V di x E [ 0; ~ ] ~ 2~ E [0; ; J => tE [0; 1].

Phuong trlnh (*) e6 the vie't lai .: 2t2 + 3t + 1 = m (I).

(*) e6 d6ng hai nghi~m thuQe [0; :] khi ·va.ehi khi phuong trlnh (1) e6 dung hai nghiem t E [0; 11

• Xet harn s6' get) = -2t2 +3t+l trend~n [0; I]

• g'(t) = - 4t + 3, g'(t) = 0 <=> t = ~. . 4

• Bang bie'n thien:

3
t 0 4 1
g'(t) + 0
11
get) ~8-----'
1 2 • Dua vito bang bien thien ta thiy vdi 2 s m < I: thoa min d~ bai,

Chu '/: Bai gidi 'Vi du 7. dltc;lcsil dung phuortg.fJhap xCt chiAu vitn thien, d~ sir dung dltc;1e phtrong phap nay thanh thao ta do _c nhd :

. + Cach xet tinh 'ddn dic;u ella ham s6'. each fun el1e tri ella ham s6'. .

+ Cach tim gia tri ldn nMt ella ham f(x) teen ~p xac dinh D (max f(x» ,

. . xeD

fun gia tri nho nh!t ella ham f(x) tren ~p xac dinh D (min f(x» .

xeD

. 20

VI ch,. 9. TIm nghiem cUa pb1tdng trlnh

+: 5; )-~lt- 72fL)~ 1+~inX(*~'~ E(~;2~)-

f)jnh If: Cbo f(x) xac 4inh va lien b,lc tIen D, gia sit t6n~i~ax f(x),min (x)

. xeD xeD

Tac6:

Phlidng trlnh f(x) = Cl cO nghiem <=> minf(x) ~ a ~ max f(x).

, xeD xeD

(~ g;a tim c1Qc quyIn sfIch' u(JT 56 PHlkJNG pf/Ap CHUNG MINH BAT DANG THUC & TIM GIA TRI L(JN NHAT, NHO NHAT cilA,HAM 56 D~I s6.tac gill PH~M TRQNG THiJ )

Nh6m'2

I VI d., 8. Giii pbltdng trlnh cos2x + 3 sin x - 2 = 0 (*).

Giai

(*) <=> 1- 2sin2x + 3sinx - 2 = 0 ee 2sin2x - 3sinx+ 1 = 0 fL

X=-+k2fL

2

fL, 1."

X=-+'AkfL

6

5fL

x=-+k2x

6

[Sinx=1 '

<=>. 1 . x<=>

SIDX=~=sm6

,keZ.

, , x,. 1t, 51t.·

Vh' nghiem cua phlidng trlnh 18 x = 2 + ~1t, X = 6 + k21t, X = "6 + k21t.

.~

. Giai

(*) <=> sin ( 2x+ 5; -2x )-3cos( x- 7; + 41t)= 1+ 2sinx '

<=> sin ( ; + 2x ) - 3COs(; + x ) = 1 + 2sinx <=> cos2x + 3sinx = 1 + 2sinx

1 2· 2 3' 1'2 . [Sinx = 0 (1).

<=> - sm x + SIDX:: + smx <=> 2sinx -1 =,0 (2)

. () {.1k2

1L -< < -

(1) <=> x = b, k e Z. Vi x e 2; 21t :::) 2' => k = 1.

keZ, .

(2) <=> [x ~ i,+ 82.

x=-+m2x 6

. {' (1 11)

(X ) ne -'-.

Vi x e 2; 2x :::) 6' 12 b~c

neZ

{ (17 )

me --' _'

l 6' 12 => m ,= 0"

meZ

21

Vi d\l12. Ghli phirong trlnh sin6x + cos'x = cos2x + ~ (*).

'.' 16

V~y nghiem clla plnmng trlnh (*) lA x = 7t; X= 5: .

Vi doj 1 O. Giii plumng trlnh (sin2x + .J3cos2x)' - 5 = COs( 2x - ~) (0).

Gicij

sin2x + J3cos2x = 2(.!sin2X + J3 COS2X) = 2(sin~sin2X + COS~COS2X)

, . 2 2 6 6'

,=2COS( 2x -~)

(*) <=> 4cOS2( 2x - = )-COS(2X -~ )~5 =0

______ <=>[~COS(2X- :)}=- .. 1 ' <=>2x-~=7t'+k21t p X= 77t +k7t, keZ.

-_ 7t 5. 1 (1') 6 12

--'-_ =- > o~u

6 '-4~ r : _. - --_ - •

V~y nghiem ciia phirong trl~ (*) Itt x = ~; + kn, ke, Z. "

Vi d\lll. GiiH phirong trinh cos2 3x cos2x -,-.coszx = 0 (*).

Giai

(*) <=> (1 + cos6x)cos2x -(1+cos2x) = 0 <=> cos6xcos2x -1 = 0

<=>.!(C~s8x +cos4x)-1 =: 0 <=> 2cos24x -1 + cos4x -2 = 0

2 '

<=> 2cos2'4x + cos4x '- 3 = 0 <=> cos4x == 1 hoac cos4x=~.2. (loai)

. 2'

k7t

<=>4x = k27t <=> X = -, k e Z.

2

. V~y n~hiem ciia phircng trln~ (*) la x = k27t, k e Z.

Giai

{ • 2

Bat a = sin x ~ a + b = 1 . b e cos'x

VT =a3 + b3 =(a+ b)3 -3ab(a+ b) = 1-3ab ';"1:_~(isinXCOSX)2

3"2' 3 2 .1 3 2

=1..:..-sm 2x=1-~(1-cos 2x)=-+-cos 2x

4 4 4 4'

22

Vi dlf 13. Xac dinh ella m d~ phunngtrlnh

4(sin 4X + e0s4x) - 4(sin 6X + cos'lx) -: sin2 4x = m (*) cO nghiem,

. 8-.J28

(*) ¢:) 12eos22x -16cos2x + 3 =O=> eos2x = =cos2«p

. 12

. ¢:) 2x = ±2q> + k2n .

¢:) x = ±q> + kn, k E Z.

V~y nghiern ella (*) lA X= ±q> + ~(1[, k E Z vc.1i 'cos2«p = 8-1~'

G~;

(*) <=> 4( 1- ~sin2 2X) - 4( 1- ~sin2 2x J--' sin2 4x = m ¢:) 4 - 2sin2 2x - 4 + 3sin2 2x - (2sin2xeos2x)2 = m ¢:)sin22x -4siri22x(l-sin22x) = m .

¢:)4sin42x-3sin22x--m=0. (1)

D~t t = sin2 2x, t E [0; 1].

Phuong trlnh (1) tr<'1 thanh: 4t2 - 3t ,,; m (2)

Phuong trlnh (*) e6 nghiem khiyA chi khi phuong trlnh (2) c6 nghiem t E [0; 1]; • Xet bam s6 g(t) = 4t2 -3t tren doan [0; 1]

, 8 ' 0 3

• g (t) = t - 3, g (t) = <=) t =T-

, 8

• Bang bien thien :

t

o

3 8 .

1

g'(t)

o

+

o 1

'~_1_~,

• 16 '

• Dua vao b~ng bie'n thien ta tha'y voi - _2_ S m S 1 thoa ~an d~ bai,

, . 16

g(t)

Vi d~ 14. GiM phirong trlnh 5sinx - 2 = 3tan2x(l- sinx) (*).

Cia;

Di~~ ki~n : x :t:. ~ + kx, k E Z.

, 2

. 3sin2x' .. . ' 3sin2x

(*) ¢:> 5SlOX - 2 = 2' (1- SlOX) ¢:> 5SlOX - 2 = ---

I - sin x 1 + sinx

~ (5sinx- 2)(1 + sinx) = 3sin2x ~2sin2x + 3sinx -'2 = 0

•

23

[Sinx= -2 < -1 (.IOaUi) [x =~ + k2n ' "

<=>. 1 • n <=> '56 ,keZ.

smx = - = sm - . n

, 2 6 x=-+k2n

6 ' , "

VaQ; nghieom cuya phin.Jng trenh (*,~ lau X= : + k2n; x = 5: + k2n , k e Z .

. . VI d\ll S. Gidi phttdng trlnh cotx - tanx + 4sin2x =,+ (*). , sm2x

cu:

Di~u ki~n: sin2x ¢ 0 <=> x ¢ k1t , k e Z.

2

(*) cosx. sinx 4' 2 2 2(cos2x -sin2x). 4' 2 2

. <=>--~--+ SID X=--<=> + SID X=--

sinx cosx sin2x 2sinx.cosx sin2x

2cos2x 4' 2 ' 2 2 2' 4 . 22 2

<=>' + SID X = -- <=> cos x + SID X=

sin2x sin2x

<=> 2cos2x + 4(1- cos2 2x) = 2 <=> 2cos22x - cos2x -1 = 0

<=> cos2x = -.!. = cos 21t hoac cos2x :; 1 (Ioai)

2 3',' .

2n ' .1£

<=>2x =±'3+k2n<=> x = ±3'+kn.keZ.

V~y nghiem ciia phuong trmh etc) la x = ± ; + k1t, ke Z.

VI d\l16. Cho plnrong trlnh sin 4X +(sinx -1 t = m 8) Giii phirong trlnh (*) khi m = .!.

, . 8

b) Xac dinh m d~ (*) c6 nghi~~ x e [~; ;].

E>~t t:; sinx-~

( '1)4 ( 1)4.

Phuong trlnh (*) trl1 tMoh t + '2 +. t - 2", = m

Khai triEn va rut gon til dU'~c: 2t4 + 3t2 + i ~ m (1)

1 1 . [x = ~'+ k21t

8) Khi m = -: 2t4 + 3t2 = 0 <=> t = 0 <=> sinx = - == sin ~ <=> ~ ,

8 ' 2 6 x = ~ + k21t

, . 6

V~y nghiern cua phimng trinh (*) la x = ~ + k21t;· X = 5; + k2n, k E Z.

24

Phuong trlnh (*) co nghiem XE [: ~_ ~ ] <=> phuong trinh(1)c:6 ~m t e[ 0; ~l • Dira van bang bie'n thien ta thi'y v~i .!. s m s I thOa min ~ bti.

. ., _ 8 .

Chilo Y: G~p d~ng phlt~ng °trinh (X + a)4 + (X + b)4= C fa cit. • = X + T·

Vi d ... ·l.7.Giai plnnmg trmh 4(sin2x~+)+ i sinX+~)-7=O(.).

sin x \.. SIDX 0 _

b) V di ~ ~ x ~ 1t =>.!. s sinx s 1 => t E [o~ !]

o 6 2 2 2

• Xet ham s6 gtt) = 2t4 ~ 3t2 +.!. tren doan [o~ .!.]

8 0 : 2

• g'(t) = 2t(4e + 3) g'(t) = 0 ~ t = 0


0 )
t -
2
g'(t) +
)
. g(t) 1
-
8 GiAi f)i~u kien: sinx *: 0 ~ X *: k1t, k E Z.

D~t t = sinx + _.1_, It I ~ 2 => i2 :: sin2~ + + + 2

smx sin x

[I =3 < 2 (lop)

(*) Ird thanh 4(t' - 2)+ 4t -7 ~ 0 ¢> 4t' +4t -15 ~O C> ..' ~ •

VA· 5 . 1 5 2· 2 5· 2--0

+ vI t ::--=>smx+--=--~ sm x+ smx+ =

2 sinx 2

[SinX = -2 < -1 (loai) [x ~ _ x + k2.

~ sinx~-!=sin(-1t)~ 0 7~ ,keZ.

2 6 x=-+k21t

o • • • 6

V ~ y nghiern ella phirong trtnh'(") la x = - ~ + k21t; x ~ 7; + t2z.. k e ~

25

Vi dl} 18. Xac dinh ciia rrr d€ phuong trtnh

cosix +(m -4)cosx -2m +4 = 0 (*)c6dung hai nghiem x E .: 27t J

Gild

(*) ¢:) (cos x - 2)(cosx + m - 2) = 0 ¢:) cosx = 2 - m hoaccosx = 2 > 1 (Ioai)

DOt t = CO"", v~i XE[ -~; 2nJ => tE[ -I; ~J

Nhln dtfiYng tron Itf<;1ng giac ta tha'y:

(*) co dung hai nghiern x E [ -~; 27t ]

¢:) [t ='1 1 ¢:) r 2 - m = 1 1

. -1.<t'<2 l-1<2-m<2

¢>[F~d

-I

C. BAI T ~P TI/ LUY~N Nh6m1

Raj t~p 1. Gicli cac phirong trlnh: a) 2cos2x - 3cosx + 1 = o

c) .J3tan2x -(1 + .J3)tanx + 1 =0

e) 4cos2x - 2(.J3 -1)cosx."....J3 = o.

Raj t~p 2. Giai va bien lu~n (~-1 )tan2x - (m - 3)tanx - m - 3 = o.

Raj t.jp 3. Cho phirong trlnh cos/x + (1- m)cosx + 2m - 6 = 0 (*). Xac dinh m M (*) c6 nghiem ..

Raj t.jp 4. Cho phirong trlnh cos'x - (3m + 1 )cosx +6m - 2 = 0 (*). Xac dinh m d~ (*)

, h'A (7t 37t)

co ng iern x E 2; "2 .

Raj t.jp 5. Cho 4cos2 2x - == - 3 - 3m ;"'0 (*). Tim m d€ (*)c6 nghiem.

Nh6m2

Raj t~p 6. Gicl~ cac phirong trlnh:

a) cosix+ slnx e I =0

c) cos2x = 1 + cos4x

2X e) cos2x - 3cosx = 4cos -

2

26

b) cor'x - 2cotx + 1 = 0

. d) 4sin2x - 2(.J3 - Ji )sirix - 16 = 0

b) cosx - cos2x ='..!_ 2

8x 22x

d) cos_· = cos _

3 3

f) cos5xcosx = cos4xcos2x + 4 -.3sin2x.

27

g) 2cosxcos2x = 1 + cos2x + cos3x h) sin3x + cos2x = 2(sin2xcosx -1) k) 2(cos42x -sin42x) + cos8x - cos4x =0.

Dai tip 7. Gilii cac phirong trlnh:

2 X - (51t ) 17 -1 . (9x _)

a) 2cos(21t-2x)-hcos --lOc.os --x --=-SUl ~--x

2 2 2 2 2

b) 4COS(; - x) +cos( 2x + j) =% 'c) sin"; + cos· ; ;:;'%-2sinx

d) sin6x +cos6x = l.sin2x e) ~8X+COSIlX =l..

_ . _ .4 . '8.

Dai tip 8. Giai cac phirong trlnh:

a) 3sin2 2x+ 8sin2x -11- 3cos2x = 0 sin2x

c) sinx + 2 = 1

1+cos2x

e) _1_+_1_:::__2_ cosx sin2x sin4x

b) cosx(2siux + J../2) + 2sin 2X -'- 3 = 1

, 1+sin2x

2cos4x d)cotx = lanX + ---

. sin2x

n 2(cos6x + sin6x) - sin~cosx = 0

Ji-2~' .

(DI thi fJq.i h{IC /chol A nam 2(06)

) cos2x + 3cot2x + sin4x 2 h) sin. "x + cos"x 1 '" . 1

g =. =,..-cot.!.x ----

cot2x - cos2x 5sin2x 2 8sin2x

k) tanx + cosx - cosix = sinX(l + ta~~tan~)

• '4 X 4 X

sm -_- + cos -

i) 2 2 = cos'x

tan ( ~ - X ) tan ( ~ + x )

. (. cos3x + sin3x ) _

J) 5 smx + . = cos2x + 3, X E (0; 21[).

1+2sm2x

Dai tip 9. Cho phtrong trlnh 2(sin4x + cosix) + cos4x + 2sin2x + m = 0 (*).

xse dinh m d~ (*) co it nhfi't mQt nghiem x E [0; ; J

Dai tip 10. Tim a d~ phuong trtnh 1 + 3cos2 2x = 4asin2x (*)co nghiem.

Bai t~p 11. Cho phuong trinh 3 + 2co~2x - 8cos2 ; = 3k (*). Tim ttt cit cac gia tri nguyen duong k d~ (*) co nghiem.

Dai tip 12. Cho phuong trlnh cos2x + mcosx + 2m + I = 0 (*). Xac dinh m d~ (*) co nghiem-

Dai tip'13. Xac dinh a d~ hai phtrong trlnh sau tttdng dttdng: sin2x = 4sinx ( 1)

cos2x - sinix + asinx = sinx + 1 (2)

, X x

Ta co : e - 2t + 1 =- 0 <=:> t = 1 =:> cotx = cot - <=:> x == - + kz, k E Z.

4 4

B~i t~p 14.Chopbttdngtrlnh 4(3m + 2)Sinf-(m :"I)cosx+ m -7 = 0(*), Xac dinh ~d~(*)C6 dung ha~ nghiem x E [;; 2x J.

Bai t~p 15. Cho phirong trmh cos2x + 2( 1 + 2m)sinx = 4m + 3 (*). Xac dinh m dE (*) ,

. .' [3X x] ' "

c6 nghiem xs ""'4;,6'

, Rai t~p 16. Cho phirong trlnh sin;(~ -x) ~ sin(3X: - 5x) = aco{ 5; - xJ (*). xac dinh a d~ (*) c6 nghiem .x *' tx, k E Z.

Uai t~p 1 7., Giai cac phirong trmh :

" .

21' . , 1

a) cos x + --2- = cosx + --

cos x cosx

2 1 (' 1 .)

b)cos X+~,' 2 =-2 cosx--- +1

cos x cosx

c) cos2x + 5 = 2(2 - cosx)(sinx -r- cosx).

D. HUaNG DAN GIAI uAI T ~P TV LUY~N Nh6m1

Ban~p1.

a) D~t t = cosx, It I s 1.

Ta c6:2tZ _ 3t + 1 = 0 <=:> [t : II =:> [X : k+2:, k2 ,k E Z.

{-- X -_-+ X

, 23.

b) D~t t 7' cotx, t E R. ,

c) Dieu kien : x *- ~ + kx, k E Z.

. 2

Phirong trlnh da cho co dung : atarr'x + btanx + c = 0 1'a tha'y:: a + b-r c =.J3 -(1 +.J3)+I = 0

[tan)_{ = 1 . [x = ~ +kx .

=:> 1 x<=:>' , k E Z.

tanx= r:: = tan- x k .

,,3 6' x =-+ x

, ,,- 6

28

',29

d) f)~t t = sinx, It I s 1. '

Ta c6: 4t2 - 2(fj - fi)t -..16 = 0 (1)

d' c: (fj - fi)2 + 4..16 = (fj + .fi )2

7t

X =-+ k27t,

r fj [ . . 7t 327t "

t =- SIllX = Slll- . . x=-+k27t

(l) <=> 2 -Ii => (3) <=> 3' ,k E Z.

_ t = _ ___2 sinx = sin - 7t , X = -~ -+- k27t

, 2 4· 4

57t x=--+k27t 4

, . [x = ±~ + k27t

e) each giiH urong nr.Ba! t~p ld. Dap s6 ~7t , ' k E Z.

, x=±~+k27t ,3

BAi tap 2. f)at t = tanx, x *- 7t + kn, k E Z.

•. 2

Ta co phirong trinh (m -1 )t2 - (m -=- 3)t - m - 3 = 0 ( 1) eNe'u m = 1:(1) <=> t = 2 = tano <=> x = m ~ -1 hoac m ~ ~ .

Suy ra .Nghiem cua (*) u [x = ~ + fi7t ,n E Z

, . , x:;=.., + nx

( m-,3-~5m2 +2m-3' A m-3+~5m2 +2m-3)

tann = ; tan.., = ' , .

2(m -1), 2(m -1)

+ ~hu'dng trlnh (*) va nghiem khi -1 ~ m « ~.

BAi t~p 3. Phuong trmh c6 nghiem khi 2 s m s 4. ' BAi t~p 4. f)~t t = cosx, It I s 1.

T' 6' 2 (3' I)' 6 2 0 [t = 3m -1

a c : t - m + t + m - =<=> 2 1 (1 i) .

, t = > o~u

" (7t 37t)

Vdi XE 2;"2 =>tE[ -1; 0).

Do et6 : Phuong trtnh eta cho c6 nghiern <=> -1 ~ 3m -1 < 0 <=> 0 ~-JTl < * .

BAi t~p5.

f)~t t = cos2x, It I s 1. ,

Phuong trlnh (*) c6 th~ vie't lai 4t2 - 4t - 3 = Bm (1). , Pmrong trlnh (*) c6 nghiem khi va chi khi phuongrrtnh (1) c6 nghiem t E [-1; I}.

e Xet bam s6 get) = 4t2 - 4t -' 3 tren doan [ -1; 1]

• g'(t) = '8t -4. g'(t)=O~ t =!

2,

• L~p bang bie'n tbian va dt;la vao bang ta d11<,1c ke't qua

Nhom2

Bai t~p 6.'Quy 11& goi pbtAAlg trlnh dii cho Itt (*) a)(*) ~ 1-sin2x +sinx-i-I = 0 ~ sin2x +sinx -2 = 0

1t

'ee sinx = -I hoacsinx = 2> 1 (loai) ~ x = -- + k21t, k e: Z.

• . 2 '-

b)(*) ~ 2cosx -2(2cos2x-l) = 1 ~ 4cos2x -2cosx - i == 0

1-.J5 - -

cosX=--=cosa [ , .

, 4 x = ±u + k21t

~ - ~ ,ke:Z.

'1+.J5 x=±P+k21t

cosx = -- = cost}

4 .

c)(*) <=> cos2x = 2cos22x ¢> cos2x( 2cos2x -1) = 0

[ 1t k1t '

cos2x=O , X=-+--

42,

~ I x¢>, .k E Z.

cos2x = - = 008- 1t

2 3 x = ±-+k1t

6

. .

• 2 4x' I (. 4X) 2 4x 4x

d)(*)~2cos --I=-I+cos-, ,~4cos -'-cos--3=O

3 2 3 3 3

'[cos 4x =1 [x = k31t

~ Ix 3 (::). 3lO~1)

0(*) ~ !(cos6x+c0s4X) =!(cos6x +cos2x) +4 _3(I-COS2XJ

2 '2 . 2

~ cos4x = 4cos2x + 5 ~ 2cos2 2x -1 ~ 4cos2x + 5

2 .

~ 2cos 2x - 4cos2x ~ 6 = 0 ~ cos2x = -1 hoac cos2x = 3 > 1

11:

~ x =-+kz.keZ. 2

30

g) ('!') <=> cos3x + cosx> 1 + cos2x + cos3x <=> cosx = 2cos2.,x

[X =.! + kn

<=> 2 ,k E Z.

X = ± ~ +k21t

h) (*) <=> sin3x + 1- 2sin2x = sin3x + sinx>- 2 <=> 2sin2x +sinx - 3 = O . . <=> sinx == 1 hoac sinx = - ~ < -1 (loai) <=> x = 1t +k21t, k E Z.

. 2 '·.2·-

k) (*) <=> 2(cos2 2x - sirr' 2x). 1 + 2cos2 4x -1- cos-lx = 0

<=> 2cos4x + 2cos2·4x -1- cos4x = 0 <=> 2cos2 4x + cos4x .: i = 0

- . 1 1t

<=> cos4x = -1 hoac cos4x = - = cos-

[4. x;" tt+ k2X· [x =. :2+ k. 21t. 3. _

<=> 4 + 1t . k2 - <=> k . ' k E Z.

. X=>_-+ 1t . 1t 1t

3 x=±12+T

Bai t~p 7. Quy u'dc goi phuong trlnh da cho lit (*)

1 - 1t <=> cosx = 0 hoac cosx = "2 = coso)"

a) (*) <=> 2cos2x -t- 1 + cosx -lOcOS( 1t _ x) ., 17 =.!. sin(.! - x)

. - 2 2 22 2

<=:> 4(1- 2sin2x}+ 1 + cosx _- 20sinx -17 = cosx - .

<=> Ssin2x + 20sinx + 12 ="0 => sinx» -1 <=> x = -.! + k21t, k E Z.

_. - 2·'

b) (~:) <=> 4COS( ~ - x) + 1 ~ 2sin2 ( x + ~) = %

- <=> &os("; -x )+2-4COS2 ( ;~X)=5 (dO (x +* )+(; -x) =i J

<=> 4cos2 (; - x) -scos(; -x )+3 = 0

[cos(; -_x J~ ~ .; cos;· -[X =-k21t .

<=> ( ) 3 . <=>-21t k2 ,k E Z.

1t X=-- 1t

cos '3 - x = '2 > 1 (loai) . 3. -

c) (*) <=> 1-.!. sin2x = ~ - 2sinx<:::>sin2x - 4sinx + 3 = 0

- 2 2 ._

[sinx = 1 1t

<=> <=> X = -+ k21t, k E Z.

. sinx = 3> 1 (loai) _ 2 .

31

. \

d)(*) ~ 1- 3 sial ix =! sin2x ¢:) 3sin22x + sin2x - 4 = 0

4 4

~siD2x=1 h~c sin2x';" -~ < -1 (Io~i) ¢:) x = : + k1t, ke Z.

{a-sinlx '

e)Btt :- __ ..2 ~a+b=1 b=C05 x

-' • 2'

Vf=a4+b" = (ill +~f _2a2b2 =[(a+b)2 -2abJ -2a2b2

=(l-2abY _2a2b2 = 2a2b2 '_4ab+ 1

=.!.~(2sinxCOSX)2 r -(2sinxcosx)2 + 1 = .!.sin42x -sin22x + 1

8[' " 8 '

(*) ~ sin42x _8sin2 2x + 7= 0

~1=_22x.O~t~1.

2 l-cos4x

Ta cO:l -It + 7 = 0 ~ t = 1 ~ = 1

. 2

, X kz

~c:0s4x=-I~x=-+-, ,keZ. 4 2

Bii tfp 8.. Quy 1fIJc· gQi phltdng trlnh di cho lA (*)

" a) ~u Deo:siD2x #; 0 <=> cos2x #; ±l.

(*) ~ 3(1-cotl2x) + 4( 1- cos2x) -11- 3cos2x = 0

- '[COS2X = -1 (loai)

¢>~2x+1cos2x+4=O¢:) 2' 4 (1 .)

cos' x = -- oal

, . 3'

. Vt, pIuafog Irlnh (*) vo nghiem. '

b)Di~o Den:sin2x #; -I ¢:) x:t:. -~ + kx, k e Z

. 4 .

(*) 6 sinh + ~2cosx + 2( 1- cosix) :.. 3' ~ 1 + sin2x

~ ~x - ~cosx + 2 = 0 ¢::) cosx = ~ .hoac cosx =.J2 > 1 (Ioai) .

[x=JE+k2K' . "

~ 4 ¢::) x = 1t + k21t. k E Z.

X =- : + k2x (loai) 4. .

c)Di~ukien: x #; x +kx.k € Z.

. 2

(*) 6 siDX+2 =2cos2x= 2(I-sin2x) <=> 2sin2x +sinx =0

~[siDX =0 I (1t) ¢::) [X=k: . 71t " ,k E Z.

siDX = -:-- = sift - - , . x = -- + k21t, X = -, + k2i

2 . 6,' 6 . ,6

d) Di~u ~n:sin2x #; 0 ¢::) cos2x :t:. ±,l.

32

cosx sinx cos4x 2. 2

(*) ¢:> _- - _- = ¢:> COS X - sm x = cos4x

sinx cosx sinxcosx

¢:> cos2x = 2cos2 2x -1 ¢:> 2cos22x - cos2x -1 = 0

. . 1 ,21t 1t

¢:> cos2x = 1 (loai) hoac cos2x = - - ,= cos - ¢:> x =± - + kx, k E Z.

2 3 3,

) n' ~ ki A ' • 4 0' {Sin2X '* 0

e uleu len: sin x '* . ¢:> 2 0

. cos x '*

(*) ¢:> _1_ + _1_ = 1 ¢:> 2sinxcos2x + cos2x = 1

, cosx sin2x sinzx. cos2x

¢:> 2sinxcos2x = 2s1n2x,¢:> 1- 2sin2x = sinx (do sinxe 0 )

[SinX = -1 (Ioai do cosx '* 0)

¢:> 2sin2x + sinx -1 = 0 ¢:>. 1 . 1t ,

, SIDX=-=Sln-

. [1t. 2 '6'

x=-+k21t

¢:> g1t " k E Z.

x=-+k21t

6 .

jx '* 1t + k21t

f) E>i~u kien : viz ~ Zsinx " 0 e> ;x ' k E Z:

, x ,*--+k27t

" 4

(*) ¢:> 2(1-~Sin22x) -.!.sin2x = 0 ¢:> 3sin22x +sin2x -4 = 0

4 . 2 '.

¢:> sin2x = 1 hoac sin2x = -~ < -1 (loai) ¢:> x = 1t + k7t, k E Z.

" '3,··. 4

So sanh vdi di~u kien => x = 57t + k27t , k E Z. '

4

g) f)i~u kien: cot2x '* cos2x va sin2x '* 0 ¢:> x '* k7t , k. E Z.

. ' 4

(*) ¢:> cos2x + 3cot2x + sin4x = 2cot2x - 2cos2x

¢:> COS2X(3 + _._1_ + 2sin2x) = 0

sm2x·

¢:> 2sin 2 2x + 3sin2x + 1 = 0 (do cos2x '* 0)

[ 1 (') [,7tk,

. . 7t X=--+ 7t

sm2x = - - :::; sm - - .. . ,12

¢:> 2 6 ¢:> ; k E Z.

. . 77t

sin2x = -1 (loai) x = -' + k7t

, . 12 .

33

Do d6 : (*) <=> cosx ~ 1 ho~:c cosx = 0 (loai) <=> x = k21t, k eZ.

i)f)j~Uki~n:ta{: -X)tat ++O<C>CO{:-")CO{~+X)"O .

¢:> .!. (COS 1t + COS2X) "# 0 <=> ~ ¢' 1t + k1t ,k ,e Z .. ,'

2 2' ' 42

Ta tl1{y:(: -x )+( :+x) ~~ ~ ~n(: -X) =CO{: +x)

h) Di~u kien; sin2x *" o·

'1-!sin22x 1 cos2x 1 ," 1-1(I-COS22X) 1 1

(*)<=> 2 =_. , <=>.. ,'=-cos2x--

5sin2x 2 sin2x '8sin2x 5 2 8

1 1t

<=> 4cos22x -:- 20cos2x + 9 = 0 ~ cos2x =- = cos.....,. 23

1t

<=> X = ±- + k1t, k e Z. ,6·

{COSX"# 0

k) Di~u kien : ,x'

cos 2*0

'x ,sinx sin ~ cos(' x -~), 1

Tac6: l+~nx ~n- = 1+ 2 '-'-. ,2 =.....,.,._

'2" x x

eosxcos ~ cosxcos ~. cosx

2 , 2

. 1,2 4 I, 2 4 2

(*) ¢:> 1--slDX= cos X <=> l--(l~cos x) = cos x <=> cos x = 1

2 . 2 "

<=> sinx» 0 <=> x = kn, k eZ.

, ", 1t

" ' x * --+k1t

j) Di~u ki~~ : sin2x * -.!. ;", Sin(-~) <=> 12 .. k e Z.

2 ',6 '.' 71t '

" x "#-+k1t

·n '

" Ta c6: VT = 5(sinx": 2sin2xsinx + cos3x~ + sin3x) "

1+2sin2x

= 5(sinx + cosx - cos3x +' cos3x + sin3x) = 5cosx 1+2sin2x

2 " , 2,' ' 1

(*) <=> 5cosx = 2cos x-I + 3 <=> 2eos, x - 5cosx + 2 = o~ cosx =- '

. 2

, 1t" " ' 1t, 51t

<=> X = ± - + k21t, k e Z. Vi xe (0; 21t) ~ x = -; x= --.

, 3 3 3

34

Bai t~p 9.

Tht sin'x + cos'x = 1-~Sin22X' .cos4x == 1- 2sii1?2xvao (*) ta<ltlQc phuong trlnh: 3sin22x - 2sin2x = m + 3 (1).

E>~tt=sin2x, XE[O; ~) =>t.E[O; 1]"

Phuong trlnh (1) c6 th~ vitt lai 3t2 - 2t = m + 3 (2)

(*) it nha't mQl co nghiem khi va chi khi -phiroag trlnh (2) it nha't mQt nghiem tE [0; 1].

• Xet bam s6g(t) = 3t2 - 2t tren doan [0; 1], g'(t) = 6t - 2

• Bang bitn thien: . .

t

o

1 3

• g'(t)

.0

o -------._.!. ~ 1

3

• Dua vao bang bie'n thien ta th(y vdi -.!. =:; m + 3 =:; 1 <=> - 10 =:; m =:; -2

~ 133

g(t)

35

thoa man d~ bai.

Bai t~p 10 •

. (*) <=>1 + 3(1-sin22x) = 4asin2x <=> 3sin22x + 4asin2x- 4 = 0

E>~t t = sin2x,ltl =:; 1. Tac6:3t2,+4at'-4 = 0 (1)

• t = 0 khong langhiem ciia (1), nen (1) <=> 4 - 3t2 = a. 4t

. 2

(*) c6 nghiem khi va chi khi phirong trlnh 4 ~:t = a co nghiem t E [-1; 1].

4-3e A • • " -(3t2+4)

• Xet bam 'SO' g(t) = 4t tren doan [ -1; l.],.g'(t)= . 4t2 < 0, Vt ;#. 0


t _-_~l~ __ ~ __ ~O.- ~~I __

g'(t)

+OO~

1 4

" g(t)

-00

• 'D1!a vao bang bie'n thien ta thty: a s -:± hay a~ ~ t~l (*) c6 nghiem ..

, .

, {-4 ;5;3k ;5; 5

• Dua vao bing bien thien va theo yeu c!u de ta c6 . '. ' eek = 1

. kEZ+ .

. (1-.fi)

v di k = 1 thl x = ±arccos -2--' + k21t, k E Z.

Bai t,jp 12.

(*) <=> 2cos2x + rncosx + 2m = 0

D~t t = cosx,ltl;5;l. Ta c6: 2t2 + mt + 2m = 0(1)

• t = -2 khong la nghiem ciia (1), nen (1) <=> -2t2 = m. t+2 ·2'

. (*) c6 nghiem khi va chi khi phirong trlnh -2t = m co nghiem t E [-1; 1].

t+2 "

• Xet ham so' g(t) = -2t2 tren doan [,--1; 1]; g'(t) == -2t(t + 4)

t+2 (t +2i

• Bang bien thien: t

g'(t)

-1

o

1

Bai t,jp 11.

(*) <=> 3 + 2(2cos2x -1) -4(1 + cosx) = 3k <=> 4eos2x -4cosx -3 = 3k D~t t = eosx, It I ;5;1. Ta co : 4t2 - 4t - 3 = 3k

• Xet ham so' g(t) = 4t2 ,-4t -3 tren doan [-1; 1]

• g'(t) = St - 4, g'(t) = 0 <=> t =.!_ 2

• Bangbie'n thien :

t -1 1
2
g'(t) 0 +
g(t) 5~ -3
»>
-4 g(t)

o

+

o

_2~·~2

3

• D1!a vao bang bie'n thien ta tha'y neu - 2 ;5; m ;5; 0 thi (*) c6 nghiem.

36

Bai t3p 13. (i) ¢:> sinx(2cosx - 4) = 0 ¢:> sinx = 0 .

, (SinX =0

(2) ¢:> 3sin2x + (1- a)sinx = 0 ¢:>, . . a= l Slnx=--

3,

(1) v~ (2) urong dirong ~ [ISi~X 1= 01 ¢:> ria; 111= 0

, smx> a- 1

' -->

. 3

[a=l [a=l

¢:> a= l . a-I <=> a>4

--->1 v --<-1

3 3 a<-2

Bai t3p 14.

(*) ¢:> 4(3m +2)SiO; -(m -1)( 1 ~2~i~2~ )+m -7 = 0 ' '¢:>(m-1)sin2 ~+ 2(3m +2)sin~-3 =0 (1)

2 2

D~t t = sin; . Vdi x E [;; 2nJ

=> ~ E [n; nJ ==> t E [0; 1] IE

.26 .

O t..\'A' 1:1. hi&. ii A' t2 - 4t + 3

• t = a.uuog a ngr em c a (1), nen (1) <=> 2 ' '=m.

t +6t

Phlt(fn~tft~h (*) c6 dung hai nghiem x E [~; 21t] khi va chi khi phuong trlnh

t2...,4t'+3 . [1)

2 ' ' = m c6 nghiem t E -; 1 .

t +6t 2

e -4t+3 [1)

• Xet ham sO' g(t) = 2 tren -; 1 .

, t +6t 2

'() lOt2 -6t-18 '() o· 3±M,189 [I, 1)

• g t = . g t = <=> t = !i! -'

(t2 + 6t)2" 10, 2'

• Bang bitn thien:

t

5 13~'O

2

g'(t)

g(t)

1

31

-1

• D1!a' vao bang bie'n ~hi~n th~~ 0< m s .153 thl (*) co'nghiem x E [ ~; 21t J.

. . ,

Bai t~p 15.

(*) <=> 1- 2sin2x + 2(1 + 2m)~inx = 4m + 3 <=> sirr'x - sinx + 1 =' 2m(sinx -1) (1).

~::::p;: :]=>tE[-l; H

· (1) <=> 12 - 1 + 1 = 2m t-I

(*) c6 nghiem x E [- 31t; 1t] khi va .

4 ·6 .

hi khi h trlnh 12 -1+1 2

c i pmrong . = zm

1-1

c6 nghiem 1 E [ -1;~l

2 .

,..,. t -t +1 [1]

• Xet bam so g(t) = t-l tren <1~n-l;2

t2 -2t .

• g'(t) = . g'(t) =0 <=> 1 = 0 hoac t = 2

(t -If' .....

• Bang bien thien: .

t

-1

o

g'(t)

+

o

g(t)

'. -1'

-~~·~·-l

2' 2

• D1!a vao bang biln thien 1h!y ~! s ~ s - 1. thl (*) c6 nghi~m x e[- 3. ; ~J,

. . 4 2 . . . 4 6

Bai ttp 16.

(*) ¢> sin(2x - 2x j - sin(3x - 5x) = aco{ S2K - 2x ~~)

~ sin?x + si n3x = asinx ~. sinx(2cosx + 3 - 4sin:2x -a) = 0

. <=>sinx[2cosx + 3 - 4( 1- cos'x) - a] = 0 <=> [S4citix.' ~ 0 2 1

os x + cosx -:- = a

. .

(*) c6 nghiem x t:. k1t, k E Z khi va chi khi 412 + 2t -1 = a ( d~t 1 = cosx) c6 nghiem t E ( -1; 1 ).' -

38

• Xet hams6 get) = 4t2.+'2t-ltr~nkhOang ( -"-1; 1 ).

• g'(t) '= 8t + 2; g'(t) =0 <=> t =~.!.

'. 4

• Bang bi6n thien:

t

g'(t)

-I 1 1
4
- 0 + 1 . ", ,', " 5

~5'~

4 "

.Dlfa vito biingbi6n thien ta tha'y~ ~ S; a < 5 th~ (*) c6 nghiem x *- k1t, k E Z.

Bai tip 17. Quy U'dc goi phirong trmh <18 cho Iii. (*)

get)

a) Di~u kien: x *-1t + kz, k e Z.

, 2

l' 1

_ D~t t = cosx+-'-, It I ~2=>COS2X+--2-=t2_2

cosx ' cos x .

Tac6: t2 - t -2 = 0 ¢:>.t = 2 hoac t = -1 (loai),

1 ' ' . ", -

• t =2 => cosx + -- = 2 ee cosx = 1 ¢:> x = k21t, k EZ. cosx

b) Di~u kien : x*- ; + kn, k ~ z.

. 1 2 1 2

DiU t = cosx - -- => cos x +---. = t·+ 2

. - cosx cos2x

2-', - 2'" I-J-s

Tac6: t -2t+l=0¢:>t=l=>cos x-cosx-l=O=>cosx=-. - 2

-' (1-J-sJ"

¢:> x = ± arccosr=- '-2- + k21t, k E Z.

c) (*) ¢:> 2(2 - cosxusinx - cosx) +sin2x - cos/x - 5 = 0 ¢:> (sinx - cosx)( 4 .... 2cosx + sinx +cosx) - 5 ~ 0 <=> (sinx - cosxjtsinx - cosx +4) - 5 = O.

Ela' , = sinx ~ COSll = FlSi{ ~ - : } Iq s Fl.

Ta c6: t2 + 4t - 5 = 0 ¢:> t = llio~c t = -5 < -.J2 (loai)

39

A. KlfN TH(fc CAN NHO

Nh6m .1: PlNclng trinh 11Ic;tng glac b,c nhat doi V9i sinX va cosX

1. n,ng: asinX + bcosX = C (*) (a2 + b2 =t:. 0)

2. Cach giai .

Caehl

Ki~

•. em tra:

+ Nlu a2 + b2 < c2 thl (*)vo nghiem, + Nlu a2 + b2 ~ c2 thl (*) c6 nghi~m .

• Sau khi (*) c6 nghiem, ta chia hai vl cua (*) cho ,Ja2 + b2

a ' b

Dill = coso, = sino

. . ,Ja2 + b2[ ,Ja2 + b~

sio(X + <p) = . (1)

(*) tra thanh:'. ,Ja2 + b2

cos[x -(X+<P)]=,J c (1)

2 , a2 + b2

• Giii (1) tlm X. .

Caeh2

.Kiim tra: X = x + kn, k E Z hay X = x + k2x, k E Z c6 phai la nghiem 2 2

cua (*) khong, nlu phdi thl ghi nMn .

. X'

• Khi X =t:.x+k2'11' k E Zdatt = tan- .

. .., . 2

Th~ . X 2t X.1- t2 lI. (*)' d" h ' h bA h' ,

C sin = --2 • COS = -, -2 VaO ta U'<Jc p, U'dng tnn ac ar rna

1+t 1+t

In la t: (c+b)t2 -2at+c-b=0(1) .

• Giiii (1) tim t ~ tim x.

Nh6m 2: sa d ... ng c6ng thac bll" d61 11Ic;tng giac thrch hc;tp d! dlla phlldng trinh IlIc1ng glec cd" glil vI ~ng nhom1 .

B. VI DV MINH HQA

Nh6m1

Chii d~ 3: PHUONG TRINH RAC NHAt DOl Val,

.

sinX vA cosX

Vid\ll. Giiii phmmg trlnh sin2x + 2cos2'l = 5 (*).

, Giii

(*) c6 dang asioX+ bcosX =c vdi a =1. b = 2, c=5. X =2x '

Tha'y : ~e + b2 = S < c2 = 2S => (*) vo nghiem.

40

Vi dl} 4. TIm nghiem ciia phirong. trlnh cos7x r: .Jjsin7x = -fi' C*)

th' - d·a kiA' 21t 61t

oaman ieu en -<x<-·

. 5 7

Vi dl} 2. GiiH cac phirong trinh sau:

a) sinx - .J3cosx = 1 (1)

b) Scosx+Ssinx =4.,fi

(2).

GilJi

a) (1) c6 dang asinX + bcosX = c vdi a = 1, b:::;: -.J3, c = I, X'=x

Ta c6: a2 + b2 =4, c2 = 1 .

Ta thty: a2 + b2 > c2 => (1) c6 nghiern

Chia hai v6 ciia (1) cho ~a2 + b2= 2, ta dl1<1<;: 1.·.J3 1. X .x 1

-SlDX - -cosx = - <=> SlnxCOS- - COSXSlD - =-

2 2 2 3 3 2

. [ X x k2··· [X k2'

() X---'-=-+ x X=-+ x

ee sin x_x =sin 1t <=> 3 6 <=>.~ ,kEZ

3 6' x- X =x_x +k2x x=~+k2x

• 3 6 6 .

V~y nghiem cua phuong trlnh (1) Iii x = ~ + k2x; x = 76x + k2x, k E Z.

b) (2) C9 dang asinX+ bcosX =c voi a = 3, b = 5, c =4.,fi, X = x

Ta c6:a2 + b2 = 34, c2 = 32. Ta thty:a2 + b2 > c2 => (2) c6 nghiem Chia hai v6 cua (2) 'cho ~a2 + b2 = 134, ta dl1Qc:

5 . . 3. 4 ~ (*)

--'COSX + --SlDX =--

134 J34 ffi

I)~t cose = b, simp = b, cos(x-<p)=-- <=> x = ±arcco~--" +<p+ k2x, k E Z.

Vf dl} 3. TIm m di phunng trlnh ..fisinx + mcosx = m - fi (*) c6 nghiem,

Gia;

(*)C6n~em <=>.J22 +m2 ~ (m _..fi)2 <=> 2.+m2 ~ m2 -2..fim + 2 <=> m ~ O.

Giai

(*) 1 7 .J3. 7' -Ii . x 7' x . 7 . ( 7t )

<=>-cos X--SID X=--<=>SlD-COS X-COS-SID X='SID ...,--

2 2 2 6 6 4

<=> sin ( : ~7x ) = Sin(~ :) <=>Sin( 7x - ~):::;: sin :

[7X _ 7t = 11: + k2x . [x = 511: + k2x .

ee l ~ ~1t <=> .. ' rt x . ~2x (k, m E Z)

7x--=-. +m211: .x.=-. -+--

6 4. . 84 7

41

Vi de, 5. Giai va bien lu~n cac phirong trtnh sau theo tham s6 m

a) sinx + mcosx = 1- m (1)

b) (2m+1)~inx+(2m-l)cosx=2m2 +1 (2). , 2

•

{2, x< 5X,+k27t < 6?t

5 84 7 7

2x 6x k E Z

Do -<x<-' =><=>

5 ,7 {2K < 111t'+ m2x < 6x

5 84 7 7

mEZ

{~- :4<k<3- ~ [k=2

kEZ " ,

<=>, <=> m== l

{2_.!..!. < m< 3-.!..!.,m = 2

5 24 24

mEZ ' '~

{~_~ <2k <~_~

5 84 77 84

k'EZ ,

{~.:..._11<, 211l < 6 _.!! 584 7 784 mEZ . _

•

A h' A '. h 53x 357t 59x

Yay ng iem cuap U'dngtrinh(*)la x =-;x =-;x =-.

. , 84 84 84

Giai

a)C4chl. Thay ~ = x +kx, k E Z'hay x =1t+ k2x, k E Z V80 (l).Ta 00:

2, 2 " , ,

VT( 1) = 0 - In = -rn.nen (1) khong c6 nghiem x = x + k2x, k E Z.

. X ' 2t, (1- t2 ) ,

• D~t:t=tan-. Tac6:(I) trCf thanh: -'---r+m -,-2 =I-m

, , 2 'l+t 1+t '

<=> 2t+m -mt2 = 1+ t2 -m -me <=> t2 -2t + I-2m ='Q (*)

• L\' = 1-(1-2m) =2m .

L\' = 0 ¢:::j m = 0

Bang xet da'u L\'

m

o

+00

o

+

• Ntu m < 0 thl L\ ' < 0 => (*)' v6 nghiem => (l).v.6 nghiern '

• N6u m = 0 thl L\ ' = 0 => (*) c6 nghiem kep t) = t2 = - b' = 1 a

=> (1) c6 nghiem'~ = x + kx hay x = x + k2x, k E Z. .

2, 4, 2

.,N6u m > 0 thl L\' > 0 => (*) c6 nghiemt = 1-.Jiffi ho~c t = 1 +.Jiffi => (1) ,c6 nghiem lA x = 2arctan(l ±.Jim ) + k21t, k E Z.

42

43

T6m "'-i:

• Ne'u m < 0 thl(l) vo nghiem.

• Ne'u m = 0 tht (l) c6 nghiem x = 1t + k21t, k E Z.

. .. 2

• Ne'u m > 0 thl (1) c6 nghiem Il

x = 2arctan(1. - J2m ) + k21t; x = 2arctan(l + J2m ) + k21t,k EZ. .

Cdch2

(l) c6 dang asinX + bcosX = c vdi a = 1, b = m, c = 1- m, X = x

. .\

L~p bang xet dff'u A = a2 + b2 _c2 = e + m2 -(1- m)2 == 2m .

1-00 :

m

+00

+

• Ne'u m < 0 th} A < 0 => a2 + b2 < c2 =>(1) vo ng.~iem.

• Ne'u m = 0 : (1) ¢> sinx = 1 ¢> x = !: + k21t, k EZ. ·2·

• Ne'u m > 0 thl A > 0 => a2 + b2 > c2 => (1) c6 nghiem

Chia hai ve' cua phirong trinh 0) cho .Jm2 + 1 .

T d 1. m I-m *

, a u'c;1c: ' r-:;---: smx + ,..-:;---: cosx = ,..-:;---:' ( )

vm- +1 '-1m2 +1 vm2 +1

mi. I-m

f)~t r+r: =cos<p, r=::': =SIO<p, ~,' . =cosa.

vm2 +1 vm2 +1 vm2+1

(*) ¢> cos(x -<p) =cosa ¢> x=<p+a+ k21t ho~c x =<p-a+ k21t, k E Z ..

b)(2) c6dang asinX + bcosX = c; vdi a= 2m + 1, b = 2m ':'1, c = 2m2 +~,

. " ' 2

A

x = x.Tac6:

.a2 +b2 =(2m+l)2 +(2m-li =8m2 +2

( ')2

2 2 3 4 2 9

• c = 2m + - = 4m + 6m +-

2. . 4

, . 2

(2) c6 nghiem ¢> a2 + b2 ~ c2 <=> 4m4 - 2m2 +! S; 0 ¢> (2m2 -!), S; 0

4. 2

2 1 211

¢>2m --=O¢>m =-¢>m=±-

. 242

. 1 . 1t

• Vdi m=-: (2) ¢> sinx = 1 ¢> X =-+ k21t, k €;Z.

2 . 2

1 ..

• Vdi m = --: (2) ¢> cosx = -1 ¢> x = 1t + k21t,k E Z. 2

Nh6m2

Vi dy 6. Giii plnnmg trlnh cos7xcos5x - .J3sin2x = 1- sin7xsin5x (*).

Giii

. (*) ¢> cos7xcos5x + sin7xsin5x - .[3sin2x = 1

Vi d" 9. GiM phirong trlnh cosx + J3sinx = 3 - . ~ (*).

. .. cosx + 3sinx + 1

~ cos(7x - 5x) - J3sin2x = 1 ~ cos2x -J3sin2x = 1 (1) Chia hai v€ cua phuong trlnh (1) cho ~e + ( - J3 i ~ 2

Td 12 Jj02 1 .. 1t 2 01t°2 1 a U'dc: -cos x-_O-sm X=- ee cos=-pos x-sm-sm X=-

~cos 2(2X + ~). ': x e> 2: + x ~ ± ~ + k2x <0> [: = ki1t k2

3 3 3 3 x = -- + 1t

o 0 -3

V~y nghiem ciia phuong trlnh (*) lA x = kz; x = - ~ + kz, k E Z.

Vi d" 7. Gidi phirong trlnh 3sin2x - fjcos6x = 1 + 4sin3 2x (*).

Cia;

(*) ~ (3sin2x - 4sin 3 2x) - .J3cos6x = 1 ~ sin6x - .J3cos6x = 1

1 0 6 .J3 6 1 0 (6 1t) . 1t

~-sm x--cos x=-~sm x-- =Stn-

2 2 2 3 6

. [6x_1t = 1t +k21t . [6X=~+k21t [x=~+ k1t

3 6 2· 12 3 k Z

~ ~ ~ .,E.

. 1t 51t 71t 71t k1t

6x-- =-+k21t 6x =-+k21t x =-+-

3 6 6 36 3

Vay.nghi~m ciia phirong trlnh (*) lA x = ~ + k1t; X = 71t + k1t , k E Z.

o • 12 3 36 3

Vi d" 8. GiM phucng trlnh 4(sin4x_ + cos4x) + J3sin4x = 2 (*).

Ciai

(*) ~ 4( l-isin22x)+ .j3sin4x = 2 <=> 4_2(I-C;S4X)+ .J3sin4x = 2

~ cos4x.+ J3sin4x = -1 ~ cos~cos4x + sin 1t sin4x = -.!. .

o 3 3 2

~ COS(4X _ 1t) = cos 21t ~ 4x _ 1t =' ± 21t + k21t

3. 3 3 3 0

[4X = 1t + k21t [x = ~ + k1t .

. 42'

~ 4 1t k2 ~ k ' k E Z.

X = -- + 1t 1t 1t

3 X=~-+-

12 2

Yay phuong trlnh (*) c6 nghiem x = 1t + k1t; X = -~ + k1t, k E Z.

. 4 2 12 2

44

ctn D~t t = cosx + J3sinx, It I ~ 2 va t 1; -1.

Ta c6: (*) trd thanh t = 3 - _3_ <=> t2 + t = 3t + 3 - 3 <=> t2 - 2t = a t+l

<=> t = a hoac t = 2

• Vdi t = a thi cosx + J3sinx = a <=> cotx = -J3 <=> x = -~ + kz, k E Z. 6

• V di t = 2 thl cosx + .J3sinx = 2 <=> cos 1t cosx + sin ~ sinx = 1

. 3 3

<=> cos (x - 1t) = 1 <=> x = ~ + k21t, k E Z.

3 3·.

V~y nghiem. ciia phuong trtnh (*)la x = -~ + kn; x = ~ + k21t, k E Z.

4

Chu 'i: Cho a, bE R.

Ta c6: lasinX + bcosXI ~ ~a2 +b2 . ~sin2X + cos2X = ~a2 + b2:

Vi d\l10. Gi<ii phirong ~inh 2COS2( ~COS2X ) = 1 + cosorsinzx) (*).

cu!

(*) <=> 1 + costzcos/x) == 1 + cosmsinzx) <=> 1tCOS2X = ±1tsin2x + k21t <=> 1 + cos2x = ±sin2x + 2k <=> cos2x + 2sin2x = 4k -1

2 .

(*) c6 nghiern <=> {(4k -If ~ 12 + 22 <=> {14k -11 s vis

kEZ kEZ

<=> {-vis s 4k -1 ~ vis <=> k = a kEZ

.' 2. [COSX(COSX - 2sinx) = a

+ v dl k = a: Ta c6: cos x = ±sm2x <=> ( 2') a

cosx cosx + smx =

[COSX = a [x = ~ + k1t

<=> 1 <=> 2 1 ' k E Z.

tanx =±-

. . 2 x = ±arctan2' + kn

V{j.y nghiem cua phuong trlnh (*) la x, = ~ + kn, X = ±arctan ± + kn, k E Z.

Vi d\l·ll. Cho phuong trtnh (m + 2)sin2x - 4mcos2x - 2 = a (*). Tim m de (*)

c6 nghiem x E [ - :0 J . .

Gia;

(*) <=> (m + 2)sin2x'-:- 4m( 1 + C;Sf,X )- 2 = a

45

¢:) (m + 2)sin2x - 2meos2x = 2m + 2 (1)

.• Khi x = 1t + kz, k E Z hay 2x = 1t + k21t, k E Z

.' 2 .

VT(l) = (m + 2).0 - 2m( -1) = 2m =I:- VP(1)

=> (1) khong c6 nghiern x =; +.kn, k E Z .

• Khi x =I:- ~ + kz, k E Z, dat t = tanx

(l)WIbA~ (m +2i~-2m(l~t: )=2m+2

, l+t I-t t

¢:)2t2 -2t(m + 2)+ 4m + 2 = 0 ¢:) t2 -mt-2t +2m+ 1 = 0 ¢:) t2 -2t + 1 = m(t -2) (2)

VI x E [ - : ; 0 ] => t E [ -1; 0].

2kh" 1). hie • (2) " (2) .,..- lai t2 -2t+l

t = ong i1 ng rem eua , nen VIet ai: = m

t-2

Phuong trlnh (*) e6 nghiem x E [-~; 0] khi va chi khi t2 - 2t + 1 = m e6

4 t-2

nghiem t E [ -1; 0].-

+ Xet ham s6 g(t) = t2• - 2t + 1 tren doan [ -1; OJ t-2

g'(t) = t2 -4t ~ 3 > 0, 'Vt E [ -1; 0] => bam s6 g(t) d6ng bien tren [ -1; 0]

«-~ .

• (*) e6 nghiem x E [- 1t; 0] ¢:) g( -1) s m s g(O) ¢:) _! s m s _.!.'

4 3 L 2

Vi du 12. Gicii phirong trlnh ~ 2 + eosx + J3sinx = sin ~ + J3eos ~ (*).

• • 2 2

cu,

Ta c6: 2 + cos~ + J3sinx = 2 + 2( cosxcos ; + sinxsin; ) = 2[ 1 + cos( x - ; )]

= 4eos2 (~-~)

(*) ¢:) 2IcoS(~-~)1 = 2eo{~-~) ¢:) cos(; - ~) ~ 0

1t X 1t 1t 21t 41t

¢:)--+k21t ~--- ~-+k21t ¢:) --+k41t ~ X ~-+k41t k E Z.

2 262' 3 3'

Vi d~ ~ 3. TIm gia tri Ion nhai, gia tri nho nh!t cua y = _1_+_s_in_x_ 2+cosx

46

•

Cia; Vi 2 + COSX =1= 0, \/x nen ~p xac dinh : R.

Gia sft Yo la mQt gia tri ba't ky cua ham s6 dii eho

Ph ' h 1 + sinx - hi ~' . 1 2 "h' ~

lfdng tnn Yu = co ng iern ~ yoeosx -smx =- Yo co ng rem

2+eosx '

<=> Y~ +( _1)2 ~(l_2y()2 ~ 3y~ -4yo~ 0 ~ 0 ~ Yo ~ i

3

y () = 0 <=> sinx = -1 <=> x = - 1t + k21t, k E Z.

, 2 .

4 4 . 5 4 3. 'I ( ) 1

Yo ,= 3" <=> 3"eosx - smx =-"3 <=> Seosx - SSlDX = - <=>COS x + x = -<p + 1t + k21t, k E Z; voi <p = areeosi.

- 5

VA - 4 . 0

nmaxY=3",mmy= .

c. BAI T~P TV LUY~N Nhom1

Bai ~p 1. Giai cac phirong trtnh :

a) . ..fjsinx ~ cosx = 1

b) 2(1 + sinx) = 5(1 + cosx)

c) (..fj - ..fi )sinx + (..fj + ..fi )cosx == .fiO.

Bai ~p 2. TIm m d~ phuong trtnh (m + 2)sinx + mcosx = 2 vo nghiem,

Bai ~p 3. Gidi va bien hi4n : (3m ., l)sinx + (m + 3)cosx = 2.J5 .

Bai tiP 4. Cho phuong trlnh sinx + mcosx = 1 (1). Tim m d6 moi nghiem

clla (l)ciing la nghiem.ciia plnrong trtnh msinx + eosx = m2 (2).

Nhom2

Bai ~p 5. Gicii plnmng trlnh sin4Zx - cos42x + .J3sin4x = 2.

B'·.~ 6 G'.!' h rmhsi 4 4( 1t) 1

al ... p • 1<11 P irong trtn -sm x + cos x + 4' = '4 .

Bai ~p 7. Gicii phuong trinh 2..fi(sinx + eosx)eosx = 3 + eos2x.' Bai ~p 8. Giali phirong trtnh sinx + .J3cosx + ~ sinx + .J3cosx = 2. Bai tiP 9. TIm gia tri Id~ nha'tva gia tri nho nha't ella:

a) y = 2sin2x + 3sinx~osx + 5cos2x

b) Y = (2sinx+ cosx)(2cosx - sinx).

47

D. HVGNG DAN clAI BAI T ~P TV LUY~N

I

Nhom1

Baj t~p 1.

a) Cach gilti nrong tt! Vi du 2a. Dap s6 x = ~ + k21t; x = 1t + k21t.

b) Cach giili nrong nr Vi du 2b.

c) VO nghiern.

Baj t~p 2. Phuong trtnh da cho vo nghiem <=> (m + 2)2 +m2 < 22 <=> -2 < m < O. Baj t~p 3. Cach giai nrong nr Vi du 5.

Baj t~p 4. Xet (1), ta tha'y 12 + m2 ~ e, vrn => (1) IUQn c6 nghiem vdi moi m

1 m, 1

(1) <=> r-:;---: sinx + r-:;---: cosx = r-:;---:

'.1m2 +1 '.1m2 +1 '.1m2 +1

D. 1 m

. ~t sine = r-:;---:' coso = r-:;---:'

. "m2+1 "m2+1

(1) <=> cos( x - e) = sin x - X = - + k21t hoac x = 2 m. 1 + 0 = m2 <=> m = 0 v m = 1

• x = 2 msin (l2 =m2

2 2· )

<=> -mcos2 -m(2cos2-m ---I +2'--=m

. . m2+1 m2+1

ee m" +m ' +m2.-3m =0

<=> m(m-l)(m2 +2m +3) =0 <=> m = Ohoac m = 1 ~

>O,'irn

V~y m = 0 hoac m = 1 thoa man bai toan.

Nhom2

Baj t~p 5. Phuong trmh da cho vie't lai: sin22x - cos' 2x + J3sin4x = 2 <=> .J3sin4x -cos4x = 2 <=> .J3 sin4x -.!.cos4x = 1 <=> sin(4x _ 1t) = 1

2 2· 6

1t kn

<=> X = - + - ,k E Z. 6 2

48

[ ( 1t)]2

l s-cos 2x +-

.COS,(X+~)~ 2 2 ~~(l-Sin2xl'

= _!_o- 2sin2x + sirr' 2x)

4

sin4x + cos" ( X + ~) = ~ ~ sin2x + co.s2x = 1 ~J2sin(2X + ~) = 1

~ Sin(2X + 1t)'= sin 1t <=> [X = ~~. k ,k «t: .

4 . 4 X=-+ 1t .

4

Bili t~p 7. Phuong trlnh da cho vie't lai Iii: J2sin2x + J20 + cos2x) = 3 + cos2x

~ J2siri2x + (J2 - I )cos2x = 3 - J2

Ta c6: a2 + b2 =Ji2 +(J2 -Ii =5-2J2, c2 =(3-J2i =I1-6J2 Ta thfiy: a2 + b2 < c2 => phuong trtnh da cho vo nghiem.

Bili t~p 8. Ta c6: sinx + ..fjcosx =2( sinxcos ~ + sin ; cosx) = 2sin( x + ~ ) D~n = sinx + ..fjcosx, It I ~ 2.

p::n: [I::i:a(::O:)I~;~ ~ ~:ll x: ~~(: ~~ ., 51 + 4 ~ 0

. 3 2 6 x = ~ + k21t

. 2

Ch "r. {B > 0 .

. U Y : . "A = B <=> A:' 82 '.

Bili t~p 9.

a) y = 1- cos2x + ~sin2x +'~(1 + cos2x) ~ 3sin2x + 3cos2x = 2y -7 (*)

. 2· 2 .

(*) c6 nghiern => (2y _7)2 s 32 +32 => 12y -71 ~3J2

t: t: 7 - 3J2 7 + 3J2

~.-3"k ~2y-7~3,,2 ~ .. 2' ~y~-'-2-

'A 7+3J2. 7-3J2 .

Yay maxy = ; mmy = .

. 2 . 2

b) Ta c6: y = 4sinxcosx - 2sin2x + 2cos2x -sinxcosx = ~sin2x +2c~s2x ·2 .

~ 3sin2x + 4cos2x = 2y (*) ,

each giiii nrong urcau a. Dap s6 rnaxy = i, miny =.-%'

·49·

Chii c1~ 4: PHUONG' TRiNH THUAN NHAT

A '" .-, _. "

B~C HAl DOl VOl smX VA cosX

A. KIEN THUC CAN NHO

Nh6m 1 : Phu'dng trlnh thusn nhat b~chai (loi voi sinXvacosX 1. Dang :asin2X + bsinXeosX+e. eos2X = d (1) (a,b,e,d E R)

Cacb gidi 1. _

• xer X = 1t + kz, k E Z ¢:> {e~s2xX= 01 (hay X = kJr', k E Z ) co phai la

2 SID = , '

nghiem ella (1) hay khong. '

• Khi X *- 1t + kz, k E Z ( hay X *- kn, k E Z ), ehia hai v€ ella (1) cho

2 -

. eos2X ( hay sirr'X ),ta dl1<;1e: (a - d )tan2X +btanX + e - d = 0 ( hay' (e - d)cot2X + bcotX + a~ d = 0).

• Trd v~ each giiii da bitt dChlld~ 2. Cdch gidi 2.

Th'" . 2X '1-cos2X 2.X l+cos2X . X X sin2X , (1)

• e SIn = ,cos = ,SIn COS=-- van

2 2 2 .

va nit gon lai, ta dl1<;1C: bsin2X + (c - a)cos2X = 2d - a-c .

• Trd v~ each giiii da bitt d chu d~ 3 '

2. Dang : asin3X + bsin2XcosX + csinXcos2X + dcos 'X = 0 (2)

• xer X = 1t + k1t, k E Z ¢:>{c.o~Xx· == 01. (hay X = kz, k E Z) co phai u

2 SID .=

, nghiem ciia (2) hay khong.

• Khi X*- 1t + kn, k E Z (hay X*- kn, k E Z ),ehia hai 'v€ ciia (2) cho 2

cos3X ( hay sin3X ), ta dl1<;1c: atarr'X + btan2X + ctanX + d == 0 (*)

( hay deoeX + ceoeX + beotX + a = 0 (*) ).

• PMn tich(*) thanh nhan ta ~ tlm tanX (hay cotX) ~ tim ,X (neu co).

Clu j: Dang asin'X» bsirr'Xcosx + csirr'Xcos'X +dsinXcoslX + c.cos4X = 0 co each giiti ntdng hf.

Nhom2 : Phu'dn~ trinh h/qng ghic co each giai tu'dng t .... nhom 1 B. vi Dl) MINH HQA

Nhom1

Vi dl:,ll. Giai phirong trinh sirr'x + 3sinxcosx- 4cos2x =0 (*f

Cia;

. 1t {eosx = 0

• Khi X = - + kn, k E Z ¢:> . 2 1

2 SID X =

50

Ta co: VT(*) = 1 =t= VP(*)::::> (*) khong co nghiem tren e» cosix =t= 0 -Chia hai v€ ella (*) chocosx, ta diroc: tarr'x + 3tanx - 4 = 0

[,x [ x

......... tanx = 1 = tan -......... x = - + kn . k Z

........- 4""""- 4 ' E .

tanx = -4 x = aretan( -4) + kz

V~y nghiern ella (*) la x = ~ + kn:; x = aretan( -4) + kn, k, E Z.

Vi dl} 2. Giai phirong trlnh 2~in2x + 3.J3'sinxeosx- cosx = 2 (*).

Cia;

. it {eosx = 0

-Khi X = - + krt, k E Z ¢:> . 2 1

. 2 sm x =

Ta co: VT(*) = 2 = VP(*) ::::> (*) co nghiern x =~, + kn, k E Z .

• Khi x =t= ~ + kzt, k E Z : cos/x =t= 0, ehia hai v€ ella (*) eho cos''x. 2

Ta du'<;Ie: Ztan2x + 3J?,tanx -1 = 2(1 + tarr'x) ¢:> 3J?,tanx = 3

" 1 x x '

¢:> tanx = h = tan - c:> x = - + kn.k E Z.

,,3 6 6

. V~y nghiern ella phuong trinh(*) la x = ~ + kz; x = ~ + kz.k ~ Z.

Vi dl} 3. Xac dinh a d~ asinx +2sin2x + 3aeos2x = 2 (*)eo nghiem.

Ciai

(*) ¢:> aC -C;S2X ) + 2sin2x + 3aC + e;s2x J= 2 ¢:> 2sirt2x + acoszx = 2 - 2a (1)

(*) co nghiem ¢:> (1) co nghiern ¢:> 22 + a2 2:: (2 - 2a)2

2 2 2 8

¢:> 4 + a 2:: 4 - 8a + 4a ¢:> 3a - 8a $; 0 ¢:> 0 $; a $; -.

3

V~y vdi 0 s a $; ~ thi plurong trmh dii eho co nghiern.

Vi dl} 4. Giai va bien luan msinix + (m + 5)eos2x + 2msinx eosx -1 == 0 (*)

Cia;

each]

. Tt {eosx = 0

.Khl X = - + kz, k E Z ¢:> . 2 1

. 2 sm x =

(*) ¢:> m -1 = 0 ¢:> m = 1

V di m = 1 :(*) ¢:> sirr'x + 6eos2x + 2sinxeosx -1 = 0

<=> 6eos2x + 2sinxeosx - (1- sirr'x) = 0 ¢:> 6eos2x ~ 2sinxeosx - cos'x = 0

51

[cosx = 0 lX = ~ + k1t . .

<=> cosx(5cosx + 2sinx) = 0 <=> 5 <=> ( 5) ,k.E Z.

tanx =--

. . 2 X= ar~tan '-2 + kn .

• Khi m :1:- 1 thl x :1:- ~ + kz, k E Z nen cos'x :1:- O. Chia hai vt cua (*)

. 2 .

cho cosix .ta du'<;1c:mtan2x + m + 5 + 2mtanx -(1 +tan2x) = 0

<=> (m -1)tan2x +2mtanx +m + 4 = O.

£)1)t t := tanx. .

Ta co: (m -1)t2 + 2mt + m +4 =0 (1) Bang xet dffu /1' = 4 - 3m

: 1-00 + ~

+00

-Neu m < ~ thl /1' > 0 ~ (1) co hai nghi~m ~han biet:

-m+"'4-3m -m-..}4-3rn

t1 =. ,t2 =-----

m-l m-l

. (-m + "'4 - 3m )

~ (*) co nghiem x = arctan - +. kz, k E Z.

m-l

.Ntu m ~ 1 tht /1' = 0 ~ (1) co met nghiern kep:

. m

tl = t2 = --- = -4 ~ tanx = -4 => x = arctan( -4) + kz.k E Z.

m-1 . .

.Ntu m > ~ thl /1' < 0 => (1) vo nghiem => (*) vo nghiern.

Tomlat :

• m = 1: (*) co nghiern la x = ~ + kz; X, = arctan (-% ) + k1t, k E Z.

4, 1 (*). o' hien (-m±"'4-3m) k k Z

.m < - va m:1:- : .. ' c ng lym x = arctan . ..' + 1t, E .

3 . m= I .

. .

-m =~ : (*) co nghiern x = arctan(-4) + kn.k.e Z;

4 (*) A h'A'

.m > - : vo ng . lC~m.

3

Cdch2

(*) (1-COS2X) ( ". 5)'(1+COS2X) . 2 1 0

<=> m + m +. + mSIn x - =

2 2

<=> 2msin2x + 5cos2x = -2m - 3 ".

Phuong trtnh nay dff bitt phirongphap giiii ('jChu d~ 3.

52

Vi d\l 5. Giai phuong trtnh cos''x + 2sinx cos/x - 3sin3x = 0, (*).

cu:

1t' {cosx = 0

.Khi x = - + kn, k E Z ¢:> . 2

2 sin x=1

Ta co: VT(*) = ±3 i= VP(*) ~ (*) khong co nghiern x = ~ + kz, k E Z. ~ cos'x i= 0

• Chia hai v€ ciia (*) cho cos'x, ta du'<;1c:

1 + 2tanx - 3tan3x = 0 ¢:> (tanx -1)(3tan2x + 3tanx + I) = 0 ~<o

1t 1t

¢:> tanx = 1= tan-'- ¢:> x = - + kz.k E Z.

, 4 4

• Vh nghiern cua phirong trinh (*) Iii x = : + kz, k E Z.

Vi d\l 6. Cho phirong trlnh:

sirr'x + (2m + l jsirr'xcosx + (3m -Tjsinxcosix + (IIl-l)cos3x = 0 (*).

xse dinh ~ d~ (*) co ba nghiem phan biet x E ( - ~; 0 ].

Giai '

,

. 1t {cosx = 0

• KhIX=-+k1t, kEZ¢:> . 2 .1

2 ,sm X=

Ta c6:VT(*) = ±1 i= VP ~ (*) khong co nghiem tren ~ cos'x i= 0 • Chia hai vt cua (*) chOCOS3X1 ta diroc:

tan 'x + (2m + ljtarr'x + (3m -l)tanx + m -1 = 0 E>.~t t = tanx . Vdi x E ( -' ~; 0] ~ t E (- 00; 0]. Ta c6: t3 + (2m + l)e + (3m -1)t + m -1 = 0

¢:> (~+ 1)(t2 + 2mt + m -1) = 0 ¢:> [tf(=)-1 2 2' 1 0 (1)

" , t = t + mt + m - =

D~ (*) c6 ba nghiem phan biet x E ( - ~ ;' 0 ] khi va chi khi (1) co hai

. ' {~;. > 0 ' ,{rn2 - m + 1:> 0, vrn

'A A"A t, <t2 ~O P;;::O m-l>O

.nghiem phan biet tl ,t2: {t1, t2 i= -1 ¢:> . S < 0 ¢:> -m < () ¢:> m z 1.

f( - 1) i= 0 1 - 2m + m -li= 0

V~y m ;;:: 1 thoa man de bai "

53

•

Vi dl} 7. Cho phirong trinh:

sirr'x - sirr'xcosx + l Smsinxcosix - Zmcosx = 0 (*). Xac dinh m d~ (*)

e6 ba nghiern phan biet x E (0; ~).

~~------------------------------------------_j

Ciai

n {eosx =0

• Khi x = - + kz, k E Z ¢> . 2

2 sin x=1

Ta e6: VT(*) = ±11= VP(*) => (*) khong e6 nghiem tren => cos'x 1= 0

• Chia hai v€ ella (*) eho cosx, ta dircc: tarr'x - tarr'x + 18mtanx - 2m = 0

D~t X= tanx. V di x E ( 0; ~) => X E (0; + (0). Ta e6:X3 - X2 + 18mX - 2m = 0 (1)

Xet: Y = X3 - X2 + 18mX - 2m tren (0; + (0) Y' =3X2 -2X+ 18m

-Ham s6 e6 cucdai va cue tieu khi Y' = 0 e6 hai nghiem phan biet

¢> 'll' = 1- 54m > 0 ¢> m < _1_ .

. 54

• GQi XI' X2 ( XI < X2) la hoanh dQ ella cac diem eire tri ella d6 thi ya la nghiem ella Y' = 0: Thuc hien phep chi a Y eho Y'itaducc.,

Y =(~X-~ )Y' +(12m-%)x

1 1

m<-

. 54

phan bi~t dirong <=> YI Y2 < 0 <=>

· Y(O) <0

.. X2 >XI >0

.ou tri nrong ~ng.la YI ={12m -% )Xi' Y2 = (12m -% )X2

YIY2 =( 12m -% r XIX2 = 6Jl1( i2m -% r (theo dinh u Vi-et XIX2 = 6m) (*) e6 ba nghiem phan biet x E ( 0; ~) khi va chi khi (1) c6 ba nghiem

1

m<-

54

m c O

1 m1=-

54 -2m<0

X2 >XI >0

<=> m E0.

.V~y khong tlm dtroc m thoii man bai toano

54

Nhom2

Vi dl} 8. Giai phuong trmh cos 'x + sinx - 3sin2xeosx = 0 (*).

Cia;

7t {eosx = 0

-Khi x = - + kn.k E Z <=> .2

2 sin x = 1

Ta e6:VT(*) = ±1* VP(*) => (*) khong e6 nghiem tren => cos'x * o .

• Chia hai v€ ella (*) eho cosx, ta du'~e: 1 + tanx(l + tarr'x) - 3tan2x = 0 <=> tarr'x -3tarr2x + tanx + 1 = 0 <=> (tanx -1)(tan2x -2tanx-;-l) =0

.<=> [tan~ -1 = 0 . <=>[tanx :::: 1 <=> [x = ~ + k1t. .

tan x - 2tanx -1 = 0 tanx = 1 ± J2 . (1 + r;;2) k

x = arctan _ "L. + 1t

• V~y nghiern ella (*) lA ~ =: + kn; X = aretan(1 ± J2)+ k1t, k E Z.

Vi dl} 9. Gi~H phunng trtnh tanx sin2x - 2sin2x = 3(eos2x + sinxeosx) (*).

Gia;

Di~u kien: eosx * 0 <=> x * ~ + kn, k E Z.

. 2

(*) <=> tanxsirr'x - 2sin2x = 3(eos2x - sin2" + sinxeosx) (1)

Chia hai v€ ella (1) eho cos/x: tarr'x - 2tan2x = 30- tarr'x + tanx) <=> tarr'xttanx + 1) - 3(tanx + 1) = 0 <=> (tanx + 1)(tan2x - 3) = 0

<=> {tan~ + i = 0 <=> [tanx = -1 = tan ( -(~) ) <=>·rx =- : + k1t ,k ~Z.

Ltan x ~ 3 = o. i: 1t 1t

tanx = ±,,3 = tan±3 x = ±3 + k1t .

V~y nghiem ella phuong trinh (*) la x = ..;. = + k1t; x = ± ; + ka.k E Z.

Vi dl} 10. Giai va bien lu~n phuong trlnh:

(8m2 +1)eos3x-(4m2 + 1)eosx +2msin3x =0 (*).

Giai

1t {eosx = 0

• Khi x = - + kz, k E Z <=> 2 (1)

2. sinx=1

thay (1) vao (*) ta e6: ± 2m = 0 pm = O. .

[cosx =0 k1t

Vdi m = 0: (*) <=> cosxrcos'x=-I) ~ 0 <=> 2 <=> X =-, k E Z.

. cos x=1 .2

• V di m * 0 => eosx = 0 khong Ia nghiem ella (*) => cosx * 0

55

Chia hai v~ ciia (*) cho COS3X, ta.diroc:

Zmtarr'x - (4m2 + 1)(1 + tarr'x) + 8m2 + 1 = 0 (2)

Dc}t t = tanx, (2) trCf thanh: 2mt3 - (4m2 + 1 )t2 + 4in2 = 0 ~ (t -2m)(2mt2 -t-2m)=0

[tanx = 2m 'lX = arctan2m + k11i .

~ 1±.Jl+16m2 ~ (1±.Jl+16m2) k ,kEZ.

tanx = x = arctan + 7t .

4m 4m .

Tom lai : • m = 0: (*) co nghiem lA X= k27t, k E Z.

lx = arctan2m + kz

• m:;:.O:(*)conghiemlA· (1±.J1+16m2) k ,kEZ.

x = arctan + 7t

4m

Vi d~ 11. Ghii phirong trlnh sirr' ( x - : ) = ~sinx (:).

GiiH

7t 7t

Dat t = x -- ~ x = t +-

. 4' 4

(*)'trCf thanh: sirr't = ~Si~( t+ ~) ~ sirr't = sint + cost (1)

7t '{cost =0

• Khi t = - + kz, k E Z ~ . 2

2" smt=1

Ta co: VT(1) = sin:\sint = sint = ±1 ~ VP(l) ~ (*) co nghiem x = 3;+ kn, k E Z .

• Khi t :;:. 7t + k7t, k E Z thl cos't :;:. 0 2

Chia hai v~ciia (*) cho cos't, ta du'<;1c:

tarr't = tant(1 + tan/t) + (1 + tarr't) ~ tan2t + tant + 1 = 0 (vo nghiem),

Vh nghiem ciia plnrong trinh (*) lA x = 3; + kx, k E Z.

C. BAI T ~P TV LUY~N Nh6m 1

Bai t~p 1. Giai cac phirong trlnh: a) sirr'x + 2cos2x = 3sinxcosx

c) 2sin2x+ 3cos2x - cos2x - 5sin2x =0.

b) sin2x - 3sinxcosx =-1

56

Bai tiP 2.ChophU'dng trlnh sin2x:_ msin2x - (m + 1)eos2x = 0(*). Xac d!nh m di (*) e6 nghiern.

Bai tiP 3. alo msin/x - 4.[isinx eosx + (m - 2)eos2x = 0 (*). Xac dinh m d~

plnnmg trlnh (*) co nghiem x E (0; ~).

Bai tip 4. Giai va bien luan 2sin2x -7sinxeosx - 3eos2x + m = 0 (*).

Nhom2

. Bal tip5~ Giai cac phuong trlnh:

a) sin2x(tanx + 1) = 3sinx(eosx - sinx) + 3

b) cos'x - 4sin3x - 3eosxsin2x + sinx = 0 .

c) 4sin3x + 3cos3x - 3sinx -sin2xcosx = 0

d) cos'x + sin''x = sinx - cosx

e) sin3x + cos3x + 2cosx = 0

f) sinxsin2x + sin3x = 6eos3x

g) 2cos3x = sin3x.

Bai tap 6. Cho sin'tx +cos4x +.!.msin4x -(2m + l jsirr'xcos+x = 0 (*).

. . 4

Xac d!nh m di (*) c6 hai nghi~m phan biet x E ( -: ; ~ ). . Bai tiP 7. Xac dinh m di phimng trinh:

2(2-3m) sin'x + 3(2m-l)sinx + 2(m - 2)sin2xeosx -(4m - 3)eosx = 0 (*)

co mQt nghiem duy nha't x E [0; ~ 1

D. HlIlJNG PAN GIAI BAI T ~P TV LUyeN Nhom1

Bai t~p 1.

a) C;a~h giai nmng ttl Vi du 1. Dap so x = ~ + kz; x = arctanz + kn, k E Z .

b) Cach giai nrong tt! Vi du 1. Dap so x = ~ + kn; x = arctan ~ + kz, k E Z .-

c) Plnmng trlnh da: cho vie't lai :

3(1 + cos2x) : .

1- cos2x -f - cos2x - 5 sm2x = 0 <=> lOsm2x + cos2x = 5

2 .

( Ban dQC xem lai phuong phap giiii CJ Chii d~3 ).

57

B'.· tA 2 (*) 1- cos2x . 2 (m + 1)(1 + cos2x) 0

al ap. <=> - msm x - · =

· 2 2

<=> 2msin2x + (m + 2)cos2x = -m

. . 2 .

(*) CO nghiem <=>(2mi +(m+2)2 ~(_m)2 <=>( m+~) +! ~O. Vm.

V~y phirong trlnhda cho luon co nghiem vdi moi m.

B"tA 3 (*)' (I-COS2X) 2 r;::;2 '·2 (m-2)(I+cos2x)··0

al ap. <=> m - ".lSID X + =

· 2 2

. .

<=> cos2x + 2J2sin2x = m -1 (1) . D~t t = tanx, t E (0; .J3).

. , 3

, 1- t2 r;::;( 2t )

(1)trl1thanh --2 +2,,2 --2 =m-l

l+t l+t

t: 4J2t+2

<=> mr' -4".lt+m-2=0 <=> 2 =m (2)

t +1

4J2t+2 A • ( .J3)

• Xet ham g(t) = 2 tren khoang 0; - ..

t + 1" 3

.'(t) = - 4.fie - 4t + 4.fi

g (t2 + 1)2

g'(tH~t= Jz+ ~)ho~ct=-1+ ~}

• Bang bien thien:

t

o .

.J3

·3

g'(t)

+

3+2..[6

g(t) _____________. 2

2

(*) c6 nghiem x E ( 0; i) ~ phuong trinh (2) c6 nghiern t E ( o;~)

2 3+2/6

<=> <m< .

2

B"tA 4 (*) 2(I-COS2X) 7. 2 3(1 + cos2x) 0

al ap. <=> --SID x- . +m=

· . 2 2 2

<=> 7sin2x + 5cos2x = 2m -1 ( giai nrong tl1 each 2 Vi du 5a- Chu d~ 3 )

58

Bai t~p 5. Quy u'dc goi phirong trlnh dii cho lli (*)

a) Di~u kien: cosx *- 0

Chi a hai v~ cua (*) cho cosix, ta du'Qc: tan/xttanx + 1) = 3tanx(l- tanx) + 3(1 + tan+x)

. [tanx = -1 lX = - n + kn

~(tanx+l)(tan2x-3)=0~ J-;~ 4 ,kEZ.

tanx = ±,,3 n k

x=±-+ n

. - 3

n n .

b) Cach gidi nrong ur Vi du 8. Dap s6 x = - - + kz; x = ± - + kn, k E Z.

.. 4 6

c) Cach giai tu'dng' nr Vi du 8. Dap s6 x = !: + kn; x = ± 1t + kn, k E Z.

.. 4 6

d)(*) <=> cos''x + sin 'x -sinx + cosx = 0 (1)

-x = ; + kn, k E Z la nghiemcua (1)

-Chia hai v6 cfia (1) cho cos'x *- 0, tadiroc: tan2x -' tanx + 2 = 0 (vo nghiem)

e) (*) ~ (3sinx - 4sin3x)+ (4cos3x - 3cosx) + 2cosx = 0 . <=> 4sin3x - 3sinx + cosx - 4cos3x -= 0

Gidi nrong .nr Vi du 8. Dap s6 x = - ~ + kz; x = ± 1t + kn, k E Z:

.. 4 3

tj (*) <=> 2sin2 xcosx + (3sinx - 4sin3x) - 6cos3x = 0

Gidi nrongnr Vi du 8. Dap s6 x = arctan2 + kn; x = ± ; + kz, k E Z.

g) (*)<=> 2cos3x - (3sinx - 4sin3x) = 0

Giai nrong tt! Vi du 8. Dap s6 x = arctan( - 2) + kn; x = : + kn, k E Z.

Bai tap 6. (*) <=> 1-! sin2 2x + ! msin2xcos2x - !(2m + 1 )sin2 2x = 0

. 2 2 4

<=> (2m + 3 )sin 2 2x - 2msin2xcos2x - 4 = 0 (1)

Vi sin2x = 0 khong thoa (1) , nen ta chia hai v6 ciia (1) cho sin22x: 4cot2 2x + 2meot2x + 1- 2m = 0 (2)

D~t t = eot2x, x E ( :; ;) ~ 2x E ( ; ; 1t ) ~ t E ( - 00; 0) 4t2 + 1

(2) trc:'1 thanh: -- = 2m (do t < 0) I-t

Xe 4t2 + 1 - A 0)

• et g(t) = -- tren ( - 00;

I-t

59

[ 2-.Js

'() -4t2 + 8t + 1 '() 0 t = 2 '

.gt= 2 ;gt= ¢::>

(l-t) 2+.Js 1 (1 .)

t = > oai

2 '

o L~p bang bien thien va dira vao bang. : 4(.Js - 2) < 2m < 1 'thoa man.

Bai t~p 7.

-x = ~ + kn, k E Z khong la nghiern ella (*) => cos'x :;:. 0

o Chia 2 vt ella (*) eho cos 'x, ta diroc:

tarr'x -(2m + l)tan2x + 3(2m -l)tanx -(4m ~3) = 0 (1)

D~t t = tanx. Vdi x E [0; ~] => t E [0; 1]

(1) tr<'1 thanh : (t -1)(e - 2mt + 4m - 3) = 0 ¢::> [\= 1 . (2)

t -2mt+4m-3=0 (3)

Vi (2) co mQt nghiem x = : theo yeu e~u ella bai toan , ta co :

hoac (3) vo nghiem tren [0; 1] hoac (3) co mQt nghiem duy nha't bAng 1 t2 -3

(3) ¢::> -- = 2m t-2

2

o Xet ham s6 g(t) = t - 3 tren [0; 1].

t-2 .

t2 -4t+3 '

o g'(t) = 2' g'(t) = 0 ¢::> t = 1 hoac t = 3.

(t -2)

-Bangbien thien :

,

t

o

2

g'(t)

+

g(t)

3 2

. . [2m .:

-Duavao bang bien thien ta ~ha'y ntil 2

.' 2m~2

mQt nghiem duy n~a't x E [ 0; • . i'

.. 1

[m<~

¢::> 4 thl (*) co

m z l .

\

60 .

Chii d~ 5: PHUONG TRiNH O{). XUNG A. KIENTHUC CAN'NHO

Nh6m 1: Phuong trlnh do; xung dot't(j; s;nX va cosX. D~ng 1: Phuong trlnh d6i xU'ng d6i voi sinX va cosX

a(sinX + cosX) + bsinXcosX + c = 0 (1) (a, b, c E R) Cach gidi

• D~t t = sinX+ cosX = .J2sin( X +~) = .J2cos( X -~). It I ~.J2.

Khi d' . X X (sinX + COSX)2 - (sin2X + cos2X) t2 -1

I 0 sm cos = = -_.

(t2:1J 2

-Phirong trtnh (1) trd thanh :at + b -2- + c = 0

¢:> bt2 + 2at + 2c - b = 0 (*).

• Giai (*) tim nghiem theot thod man di~u kien It I ~.fi.

• Suy ra nghiern X cua (l).

Dang 2: Phuong ·trinh co each gicii tuong tt! dang 1 a(sinX - cosX) +IPsinXcosX: + c = 0 (2) (a, b, c E R)

Cach gidi

• D~t t = sinX ~ cosX = .J2sin( X - ~). It I ~.J2.

Khi d"' . X X sin2X+cos2X-(sinX-cosX)2 I-t2

I 0 SIn cos = ="--.

2 2

-Phirong trtnh (2) trd thanh : bt2 - 2at - 2c - b = 0 (*).

• Giai (*) tim nghiem thea t thoa man Ji~u kien It I ~.J2.

• Suy ra nghiem X ciia (2).

Nh6m 2 : Co tht! su d ... ngcach gisi (j nhom 1 dt! gisi phudng trinh Iu'c;fng glac rna trong do co chua 6in)fr. C06)c, va sinX. cosX.

Nh6m 3 : Phu'dng trlnh dol xung doi vdl tanX va cotX.

Dang 1: Phuong trlnh d6i xU'ng d6i v<1i tanX va cotx "

. a(tati2X + cot2X) + b(tanX +cotX) + c = 0 (3)

Cdch gidi

D· k ki A {sinX ;t: 0 .. 2X O' X kn k" Z

• leu len: ¢:> sm ;t: ¢:> ;t: -, E .

. cosX;t:O . 2

• D~t t = tanX + cotX, It I ~2 =>Jan2X + cot2X = t2 - 2

• Phuong trinh (3) trd thanlt : a(t2 - 2) + bt + c = 0 ¢:> at2 + bt + c - 2a= 0

• Giai (*) tim nghiem thea t => nghiern Xciia (3).

61

Dang 2: Phu'oog trlnh co each giai tu'oog tI! dang 1 a(tan2X + cot2X)+b(tanX -cotX) + c = ° (4) Cach giai

D"~ kie {SinX=I=O . 2X 0 . X kn k Z

• uleu len: X 0 <=> sm =1= <=> =1= -. E .

. cos =1=. 2

• D~t t = tanX-cotX => tarr'X +cot2X = e + 2. .

• Phuong trmh (4) trd thanh : a(t2 + 2) + bt + c = 0 <=> ae + bt + c + 2a = 0 (*)

• Giai (*) tim nghiern thea l => nghiern X cua (4).

B. vi ou MINH HQA Nh6m 1

Vi dJol 1 • Gi.H cac phirong trinh :

a) sinx + cos'x + 2sinxcosx -1 = 0 (1)

b) 6(sinx - cosx) - sinxcosx - 6 = ° (2).

Giai

a) D~t t' = sinx ~ cosx = J2sin( x + :). It I ~.J2.

Phuong trtnh (1)!rd tha~ :t + 2( "; I) -I = 0 ",,' +t - 2 = 0

<=> [t = 1 => . .J2sin(~ +!:) = 1

t = -2 < -.J2 (loai) 4

. ( n) 1 . 11:

<=>sm x+- = ~ =sm-

. 4 ,,2 4

[X + 1t. == n + k2n [X = k2n

<=> 44 <=> n . kZ

n 3n k2 x = - + k2n' E .

x+-=-+ n 2

. 4 4

V~y nghiem ciia phirong trinh (1) la x = k2n; x = n + k2n, k E Z. , 2

b) D~.t t == sinx -cosx = .J2sin( x - : ).Itl ~.J2.

Phuong trmh (2)!rd thanh : 6' -( 1 ~" )-6 = 0 ",,' + 12' -13 = 0

<=> [t = 1 => J2sin(x _n) = 1

. t = -13 < -J2 (loai) 4

. ( n) 1 .n'

co sm x-- = ~ =sm-

. 4' ,,2 4

62

[X - 1t = 1t + k21t [ 1t

4 4· x = - + k21t

¢:::> 3 ¢:::> 2 ' k E Z.

X - 1t = ~ + k21t X = 1t + k21t

4 4

V~y nghiem ciia phuong trtnh (2) la x =.~ + k21t; x = 1t + k21t , k E Z.

Vi d\i2. Xac dinh m d€ cac phuong trinh sau co nghiem

a) sinxcosx - m(sinx + cosx) + 1 = 0 (1)

b) sin2x - 4(sinx - cosx) - m = 0 (2).

Gicii

0) Dat: t ~ sinx + cosx ~ ,J2.u:( x + =). It I ",J2

Phuong trinh (1) trd thanh: t2 -1 - mt + 1 = 0 ¢:::> t2 - 2mt + 1 = 0 (*) 2

VI t = 0 khong la nghiem ciia (*), nen phirong trtnh (*) vie't 1,:\1: e +1

--=m

2t

Phlfd~g trtnh (1) co nghiem khi va chi khi phuong trmh t22: 1 = m

co nghiem t E [-../2;../2}

. x« ham s6 g(t) = t22: 1 tren doan [ -J2; .J2] '(t) 2t2 - 2 ,g'(t) = 0 ¢:::> t = ±l.

.g t = 4t2

-Bang bitn thien :

t -J2 -1 0 1 J2
g'(t) + 0 0 +
-1 ~J/
g(t) -> <, • Dua vao Mng bitn thien ta thiy : m s -1 hoae m ~ 1 thl (1) co' nghiem.

1t . 1t

b) Dat X=x -- =>2x =2X+-=> sin2x =cos2X ..

. 4 2

Phuong trmh (2) trd thanh: cos2X - 4.J2sinX - m = 0

¢:::> 1..: 2sin2X - 4../2sinX - m = 0 ¢:::> -2sjn2X - 4.J2sinX + 1 = m D~t t = sinX, It I s 1.

(2) co nghiem khi va chi khi phirong trinh - it2 - 4../2t + 1 = m co nghiern t e [-1; 1].

63

• Xet ham sf) g(t)::c -2.t2 -4.J2t + 1 tren doan [ -1; 1] .g'(t)=--4t-4.J2 ,g'(t).=O<=>t=-.J2~ [-1; 1]

• Bang bien thien:

4.J2 -1

---------.

. -4.J2-1

• D1!a vito bang bien thien tha'y : _: 4.J2 -1 s m ~ 4.J2 -1 thl (2) co nghiem.

g'(t)

g(t)

t

-1

1

Xac dinh md~ (*)conghiem x E (_~; 3;)-

Vi d.., 3. Cho phirong trlnh 2(m -1 )(sinx + cosx) + msin2x + 4m -1 = 0 (*).

Ciai

Dat t = sinx + cosx = .J2sin( x + :) .

• 1t 31t 1t x

Vdl--< x<-:::> --<x+-<x

2 4 4 4

=> - ~ <Sin( x + :)';I => -1 < t~,;,/2 Phuong trlnh (*) vitt lai: 2(m -: l)t + m(t2 -1) + 4m -1 = 0

<=> me + 2(m -1)t + 3m -1 = 0

. 2 2t + 1 2

<=> m(t +2t +3) =2t + 1 <=> m =-2-- (do t +2t+3 >0, 'It) t + 2t + 3

(*) co nghiern x E (~z:~ 31t) khi va chi khi ~hu'dng trlnh 2 2t + 1 = rn

2 4 . t +2t+3

co nghiem t E (-I;.J2].

, -2t2 - 2t + 4 '( 0 [t = 1

.g (t) = . g t) = <=>

(t2 + 2t + 3i ' t :::= ·-2 (loai)

• Bang bitn thien:

64

t

g'(t)

g(t)

• nua vao bang bien thien : - _,I < m 5 .!.. thl (*) CO nghiem x E (_ 7t .,' 37t).

. 2· 2' . 2 4 .

VI dl} 4. Cho sin2x - (Zm +.J2 )(sinx + cosx) + 2m.J2 + 1 ::;: O~*). Xac dinh m d~ phlf~ng trtnh (*) c6 dung hai nghiem x E (0; 547t)·

-I 3ft 1

Giai

D~t t ::;: sinx + cosx ::;: .J2sin( x + ~ ).

. 57t 7t it 37t

Vdl.o<X <-=>;_<x+- <-

4 4 4 2

=>-I<sin(x+ ~)51=>-h' <t5J2. Phuong trinh (*) trd thanh:

t2 -I - (2m + J2 )t + 2mJi + 1 ::;: °

<=> t2 - (2m +.fi )t + 2m.fi ::;: ° <=> t ::;: .fi ho~c t == 2m

)

.V di t ::;: .fi <=> sin(x +~) ::;: 1 <=> x'+ 7t ::;: 7t + k27t ~ X ::;: 2: + k27t, k E Z.

. 4 4 2 . 4

57t {o" < 7t + k27t < 57t {_! < k < .!..

Ma ° < x < - => 4 4 <=> 8 2 => k ::;: 0.

4 kEZ kEZ

Do d6 x::;:~ la m('>t nghiem ciia (*)

D~ (*') c6 dung hai nghiem x E (0; 547t) khi ~ 1 < sin( x + ~) 5 ~ <=> -Ji < 2m 51 <=> -- Ji < m 5 !.

2 2

Nh6m2

VI dl} 5. Giai plnrong trlnh sirr'x +cos~x ::;: 2(sinx + cosx) -I (*).

Giai

(*) <=> (sinx + cosx)(1- sinxcosx) » 2(sinx + cosx) -1 (1)

D~t t ::;: sinx + cosx ::;: J2sin( x-+-*). It I s·J2.

. (t2 1) " .

Phuong trlnh (1) trd thanh : tll- + ::;: 2t -1

<=> t(3 - t2) ::;: 4t - 2 <=> e + t - 2 ::;: 0

<=> (t -1)(t2 + t + 2)::;: ° <=> t ::;: 1 (do t2 + t + 2;' 0, 'it E R)

65

:::) Sin(X + 11:) = ~ = sin x ~ [X= ~2Xk2, • k E Z .

. 4 . ,,2 ., 4 x ="2 + x '.

V~y nghiem eua phuong trtnh da eho lA x = k2x; x = ;+ k2x ,k E Z.

V'd 6 G'" h .~_1. 1. 1 10 *

I \I • rai p uong U11111 eosx + -- + SIDX + -.- = - ( ).

eosx SIDX 3

Cia;

{Sinx ~ 0 . kx

f)i~u kien : , ~ sin2x ~ 0 ~ x ~ -' • k E Z.

. eosx ~O 2 '

. sinx + eosx 10·

(*) ~ SIDX + eosx + , = - (1)

o sinxeosx 3

D~t t = sinx + eosx = .J2sin( x +~). It I ~,.fi.

t 102t 10

Phuong trlnh (1) tr~ thanh : t + -2- = - <=> t + -2- = -

t -1 3 t -1 3

2'

~ 3t(t2 -1) + 6t = 10(t2 -1) ~3t3 -'10t2 + 3t + 10 = 0

2 2-$9

~ (t - 2)(3t - 4t - 5) = 0 :::) t =--

, 3

. ( Ox)' 2 .... $9. [x = q> - x + k2x,

:::) SID x + - = ~ = SIDq> ~ 3x 4 , k E Z.

4 3" 2 x = - - q> + k21t

° 4 '

, ~ r: ( 1t) , 1 ( 1 1) .

Vld\l7.TImmde..;2eos x-- +1+- tanx+cotx+-.-+-- =m(*)

4 2· SIOX cosx

co nghiem x E.( 0; ;).

Cia; Di~u ki~n: sin2x ~ 0 ~ x ~ kx • k E Z. 2

. 1 (l+eosx+Sinx)

(*)~slDx+eosx+1+- .' =m

° 2 smxcosx

D~t t = sinx + cosx = .J2sin( x + :)-

V~i 0 < x < ~ :::)! < x + x < 3x :::) J2 < Sin(x + x) s 1

, 24442 "4

:::) 1 < cs-Ii.

66 '

. . (

Phuong trlnh (1 ) tri'f tha nh : t of 1 + 1 I .. ~. -.!_

'. llt<-

\ '1 . ..

e

:C. m <::> .. -_.- =. In

1-1

.X~; ham s6 g(t) = -~~- tren (1; J2] t-l

, e -2t , [I =cO

.g (0 = ----- ~ g (t) :! 0 ¢::> !

(t _1)2 . L t = 2

-Bang bien thi, i1:

t

(loai) (lOI:li)

gtt)

g'(t)

+00 .

. . ~2(,/2+1)

(*) co nghiern x E (0; 7t) khi va chi khi ~ = m co nghiern 1 E (J ; J2 J '

2 t-l

• D\1'a vao bang bie-n. thi~n ta thty : m ~ 2( J2 + 1) tht (*) co nghiem x E. ( 0; ~J .

Nh6m3

b) Xac dinh m d~ (*) vo nghiem.

L..-__ _ _

GiJi

Vi d1}8. Cho phirong trlnh -A-+_l_2-+ rrutanx -I. cotx) + 1 == 0 (*)

. sm x cos x

a) GhH phimng trlnh (*) khi m = - ~ 2

D .. .I: kien. si 0 k1t k Z uleu !~n: smxcosx *- ¢:> x ;t; -. E .

2

. (*) ¢:> tarr'x + cor'x + m(tanx + cotx) + 3 = 0 .

{I

t = tanx + cotx = tanx + -- , 2 2

D~t . tanx => tan' x + cot x -x: 1 ~ 2,

Itl~2 ..,

Phuong trlnh da cho trd thanh: t2 + mt + I:;:: 0 (1)

. 5' 2 5 '. '., 1

a) Vdi m == --; (1) ¢:> t-"--t + 1 = 0 ¢::> t = 2 hoac t == _. < 2 (loai)

2 2 '.' '. 2 .,

=> tanx + _1_ = 2 ¢:> (tanx _1)2 == 0 <-~ tanx = 1 ¢:> x ~ ~ + k7t. k E Z.

tanx 4.

67

V~y nghiem cua phirong trmh dft cho Iii x = -~ + kn, ke Z.

b) t"" 0 khong Iii nghiem ciia (1), nen (1) vi~t lai: -=t2 -1 = m

. t

_t2 -1

( *1 (:0 nghiern khi va chi khi plnrong trmh = m conghiern tED.

t

(Vdi D =(-00;-2]u[2;+oo» _t2 -1

o Xet ham s6 g(t) = --- tren D t

, -e t-l

og'(t) == --2 -; g'(t) = 0 ~ t = ±h: D t

• Bang bi~n thien :

t. ,-<X> -~

get)

g'(t)

5

2'~

I 2 ~oo

-Dua va 0 hit ng hi~n thien ta tha y ne'u - % < m < % thi (*) v.o nghiem:

[ Vi dy 9: .~~o phirong trtnh tan2~ + cot2x + 3(tanx - cotx) - m = 0 ~>t<)

l a) Giai phirong trtnh (*) khi m = 6 .

b) Xac dinh m d~ (*) co nghiern,

_- - - -- -- ---- -------~ -

Gicii

r:Y"i k·~' . [sinx # 0 kn k Z LliCU It n: 1. 0 ¢:> x ;t -', E .

. ·cosx ;t. 2

. ' 1 2 2 2

Dat t = tan x·· cotx = tanx - --' => tan x + cot x = t + 2.

. tanx

Phuong trinh (") tfd thanh : t2 + 3t + 2 = m (1)'

,.. 2 [t=1 l~tan2x-tanX-l=O

a)V<Jtm,.c():(})¢:>t +3t-4==O~ -4=> 2 .

. t = tan x + 4tanx-,l = 0

, .

-I er.J5 r (l±JS)

tanx ,c ..:.:_- - x = arctan -- . + kn

¢;} 2 ~ l . 2 , k E Z.

_ tanx :·:·2 ± 15 x = arctan( - 2±'15}+'k1t

b)Cachl .

~ *) co nghiem khi va chi khi phirong trtnh t2 + 3t + 2 = m co nghiern • Xet ham s6 gu) = t2 + 3t + 2

68

og'(t)=2t *-3

o Bang hiC"n thien:

___ t_~_-_oo ~ +_oo __

~ +00 __ -=--_ _: __ -=--- +00

g(t) I . .. 4

oD~a van bang bi€n thien ta thly vdi m ;? ~± thoa man d~ bai,

each 2. (*) c6 nghiem ¢:) (1) c6 nghiem ¢:) /l = 1 + 4m ~ O' <=> m ~ -.! . 4

C.'SAI T~P TVlUVeN Nh6m 1

Bai t~p 1. GhH cac phuong trtnh:

a) 3(sinx + cosx) + 4sinxcosx + 3 = 0

b) (2.fi.+ 2)COS( x - ~ ) - 2(sinxcosx + J2) -1 = 0

c) sin2x - 4sin ( x + = ) = 5

d) cosx - sinx - 2sin2x -1 = 0

e) _1 .1_=2_'/2.

cosx sinx

BAi t~p 2. Cho phuong trinh sinx + cosx = 1 + msin2x (*)_ Xac dinh m d€ (*) c6 nghiern.

Bai t~p 3; Giai va bien 111~n sin2x + 4m.J2(sinxcosx) + 1- 8m= 0 (*) .

. Bai t3p 4.' Cho phtrong trinh 2.fisin( x - ~ ) - Sh~X '+ m = 0 (*)'. TIm m de (*)

c6 nghiem x e [O~ ; 1

Nh6m2

Bai t~p 5. Giiii cac phirong trlnh:

a) (sinx + COSX)3 - .fisin2x + sinx + cosx - 2J2 = 0

b) sin 'x + cos'x = 1

c) 2(1- sinx - cosx) + tanx t COtx = 0

d) !(sinx -t cosx) + 1 + !l/ tanx + cotx -+ _ .. 1_ + _1_1,.; 0

2 2 smx cosx)

69

I, ,3 _hm4x

e) I • SUI 2xt cos 2x:= -------

, :2

f) sirr'x + ccs'x ,~sin2x + sinx + ('·YO'x.

Bait~p6. Chu phuong trlnh (COSX "sinJ\) I t~sin2x ) ~ 2m ("). rm~ m

.'t '" " d'<' h' , r It 1t l

uC (") ("0 ung 11.11 ng u;m x E - .. -.; ,-

. L 4 4 J

Bell t~p 7. t.h« pllLftfng trinhsin \ -I. ~l)S\ co ksinxcosx C;'). Tun k d6 (*) lOL!,!.IIlt;m.

Bai t~p 8.Cho 2cos2x +sinxcosx t sinxcos/x = m(cosx + sinx) (*).

Xac dmh rn db plunmg trlnh (* ) co it ,nhat !la)t nghiem x E ( - -~; ~) •

3 III '

Bai t~p 9. Cho phuong trlnh smx + cos x = 1 + 2 sin2x ("), Xac.dinh m

d~ (*) c6 nghiem x e ( n; 32~ ) ..

Nh6m3

Bai t~p 10. Gidi cac phuong trlnh :

a) _1 __ + 2tanx + ~_l _ + Zcotx - 8 = 0

cosix sin2x"

b) tarr'x + cor'x -(tanx -cotx)- 2= 0

c) tan4x+cot4x-8(tanx+cotx)2 +9=0

d) tanx + tan/x + tarr'x -i cotx +coex + cor'x = 6.

Bai t~p·l1.Cbo phimng trlnh 3(tan2x + cor'xj « m(tanx +cotK) -I- 2 = 0(*) Xac dinh m <.1i (*) c6 nghiem .

Bai t4p 12. GiiH va bien lu~n plurong trmh

2 2 .

(m -1)(tan x + tot x) - 2m(tanx - cotx) - m + 6 =0 (*).

} D. HVONG DAN GIAIBAI T ~P TV LUY~N Nh6m1

Bai t~p 1.

a) Cach giii nrong U,fVi du Ia.

~ n k2 n k2 3n

Ddp so : x == -- + n; x = n + k2n; x = cp - - + . n; X -- ..

2 4 4

(kez, sincp=- 21}

'.

70

b) Th€ F2COS( x - :) = sinx + cosx vao phu'dn~ trtnh d3 cho, ta du'«;1c phuong trmh dang urong t1,1' Vi du 1 a • Dap s6: x = = +k21t, k E Z.

) Th'" . ( 1t) sinx+cosx . 2' 2 '. ':.. h trl h

c . e sm x + 4 = J2 ; .sm, x = SUlXCQSX vao P u'dng n

dii cho, ta rtu'«;1C phirongtrlnh dang tu'dng n.t Vi dula.

Ddp sit,' x = - 31t + k21t, k E Z. 4

d) . Bi€n rtdi phirong trlnh rtil cho v~ dang tu'dng ttiVi du lb .

• Ddp sl)',' x = k21t; x = 31t + k21t ,k E Z .

2

e) . Di~u kien:sin2x ;to 0 <=> x;to ~1t ,k E Z .

• Bi€n ddi phuong trlnh rtii cho v~ dang nrong nr Vfdu Ib.

D ,,., 51t 2 131t k2 1t k Z

• ap.w,' x = - + k 1t; X = - + 1t; X = -- + 21t , k E •

U 12 4

Bai t~p 2. D~t t = sinx + cosx, It I s J2.

Phuong trtnh dii cho trd thanh : (t -1)[1':" m(t + In:z: 0 (1)

Ta lha' y (1) luon c6 nghrem t = 1 vdi moi m • nghiem nay thoa man

rti~u kien It I s J2.

Vb moi m phuong trlnh dii cho d~u c6 nghiem,

Bai t~p 3. D~t t = sinxcos x = Jisin( x -:). It I :::;J2.

(*) tri'1 thanh: t2 - 4m J2t + 8m - 2 = 0 <:::> [t = 1 .

, t=-v2(4m-1)

.t = J2 <=> Sin(x - 1t) = 1 <=> x = 31t + k21t, k E Z.

4 '4 .

• t = J2(4m -1) nMn khi 1.J2(4m ,.-1)1:::; Ji <=> -1:::; 4m,-1:::; 1 <=> 0:::; m s ~ .

• 0:::; m :::; ~:Phu'dng trtnh rt3 cho co ba ho nghiem,

,2 .

Bai t~p 4.D~t t = sinx -cosx = J2sin(x -~)-

1t 1t' 1t 1t J2. ( 1t) J2. .

VdiO:::;x:::;-:::)--:::;x--~-:::)--:::;sm x-- :::;-:::)-l:::;t:::;l

2 4 ,4.4 2 4 2

71

Phuong trlnh (*) tr{1 thanh : - t2 - 4t + 1 = 2m (1)

(*) co nghiem x e r 0;· ; J <=> phirong trlnh (1) ~6 nghiem t ~ [-1; 1]

• Xet ham s6 g(t) = -e -4t + 1 tren doan [-1; 1]

• g'(t) =-2t -4; . g'(t) =0 <=> t =-2

• Lip bing bitn thien va dua vao bang

(*) co nghiem x e [0; i] <=> -4 s 2m s 4 <=> -2 s m s 2:

Nh6m2

Bai tip 5. a). D~t t = sinx + COSx = Jisin( x + :). It I s -Ii.

• Phuong trlnh da cho tra thanh: e - t2 Ji + t - Ji == 0 '

ee t2(t -Ji}+ t -J2 = 0 <=> (t - Ji)(t2 + 1) = 9 <=> t =.fi

~ sin( x + ~ ) = 1 <=> x = : + k2n, ke Z.

b) • Phuong trlnh da cho viet hili : (sinx + coSx)( 1 - sinxcosx) = 1 ( 1 )

• Dlt t = sinx + cosx = .J2sin( x + =). It I :s;Ji .

• Phuong trlnh (1) tra thanh: (t -1)2(t + 2) = 0 ~ t = 1

. (. ) 1 . [X = k2x

. ·x,.X kZ

~ SlO X + - = r;: = sm - <=> . x. k2 • e .

4 ,,2 4 x=2"+ n

c). E>i~u kien: x'" kx. k e Z.

2

• Phuong trlnh dachovitt lai: 2[1- (sinx + cosx)] + . 1 = 0 (1)

SlOXCOSX

• D~t t= sinx + cosx = J2SiIi( x +1). 1~1:s;'.fi·

. . 2' 1-$

• (1) trd thanh t(t - t -1) = 0 ~ t = 0 hoac t = -. -2-

sin( x + :) = 0

~

. ( x) 1-.[5 .

SlO x + "4 = 2.J2 = SlOCP

d) • Di~u kien.x '" kn, k ~ Z.

2

Phu 1 h A- h .. JJt.·1 • (. . ·'2 1 sinx + cosx .

• u~Jlb tr n ca c 0 Viet 1:\1: SlOX +COSX)+ + . +. =0 (1)

SlOXCOSX SlOXCOSX

x'

X =--+kx 4

n

<=> x = cp-- + k2n 4

3x

X = 4" - cp + k2n

,keZ.

72

• D~t t = sinx + cosx = Jisin( x +~} It I s Ji.

2(t+l) 2· 2

• (1) trd thanh: t + 2 + 2 = 0 <=> t + 2 + - = 0 <=> t +t = 0

t -1 t-l

=> t =0 => sin( x + ~) = 0 <=> x = -~ + kn, k E Z.

e). D~t t = sin2x + cos2x = Jisin(2x + ~). It I s Ji

=> t3 = sin" 2x + cos32x +3sin2xcos2x(sin2x + cos2x).

3 (e~l) 32

• Phuong trlnh da' cho trd thanh ': 1 + t - 3 -2-, t = '2(t -1)

(:) t3 + 3t2 - 3t - 5 = 0·(:) (t + 1 )(t2 + 2t - 5) = 0 => t = -1

( ') 1 ()' [~=:_~+k1t

=> sin 2x + ~ = - r::; = sin -~ (:) 1t 4 , k E Z.

,,2 x = ~ + k1t

. 2

f) • (sinx + cosx)( 1- sinxcosx) = 2sinxcosx + sinx + cosx (1)

• D~t t = sinx + cosx = J2sin( x +.~). It I s J2.

( t2 -1) ,

• (1) trd thanh : t 1- -2- = t2 -1 + t (:) t3 + 2t2 - t - 2 = 0

'2 [t = ±l ( 1t) 1

(:)(t+2)(t -1)=0(:) , r::;2 ~sin x+- =±, r::; ,

t=-2<-,,~ 4 ,,2

k1t

(:) x = -, k E Z. 2

Bai t~p 6.

• Phuong trlnh (*) vie't lai (cosx - sinx)(l + cosxsinx) = 2m (1)

.DiHt=Cosx-sinx=J2cos(x~~). Vdi -1t~x~~=>O~t~.J2.

. 4 4 4

• Phuong trtnh (1) trd thanh: - e + 3t := 4m (2)

(1) co 2 nghiern x E [,-~; ~] <=> (2) co 2 nghiern x E [ 0; 5J.,

• L~p bang bie'n thien ciia ham s6 get) = _t3 + 3t tren [0; .Jf]

• Dua vao bang tha'y vdi fi ~ 4r:n < 2 thoa man d~ bai.

Bai t~p 7.

· D;Jt t = sinx + cosx ~ J2sin ( x + : ) , Di~u kien III s~.

73

• Phuong trlnh (*) trd thanh: e - 3t = k(1- t2)(1)

• (1) <=> t3 - ~t == k (t = ±1 khong phai la nghiem cua (1) ) I-t

• Phuong trlnh (*) co nghiern <=> dliC1ng thAng d : y. = k dt dd thi ham s6

g(t) = t:~t~t tren.D (Vdi D=[-.,ji h}{-l; II)

, 3

· L~p bang bitn thien cua ham s6 g(t) = -11 - ~t tren D. -t

t ' -)2 -i L.J2

g'(t)

g(t)

\

+00

-00 -00

· Dira vao bang bien thien ta thily d: y = k luon c~t dd thi bam s6 get) tren D.

V~y (*) luon co nghiern voi moi k.

Bai t~p R.

• Phuong trlnh (*) vi6t lai Iii : (cosx + sinx)[2(cosx - sinx) + sinxcosx - m] = 0

[cosx + sinx = 0 . (1)

<=> 2(cosx - sinx) + sinxcosx r: m = 0 (2)

(I) <=> x =-~ + lor, k E Z. Vl -~ < - 1t + kx <~. k E Z ~ k E 0.

'4 4 4 4

• BAi toan tn) thanh tim m d~ (2) co it nM"t mot nghiem x E (--~; :)

, (' 1t) ( 1t 1t)

• DiU t=cosx-·sinx=J"icos x+- . VlXE --;.- ~ tE(O; J"i).

, '4 4 ,4

(2) trd thanh : - t2 + 4t + 1 = 2m

• (*) co it nhit m~ nghiern x E ( - : ;: ) khi va chi khi phirong trlnh

- t2 + 4t + 1 == 2m co it nhilL mot nghiern t E (0: J"i).

, L~p bang bien thien cua ham s6 g(t) = _t2 + 4t + 1 tren (0; .J2) .Dira vao bang bitn thien tha'y vdi 1 < m < 4J2 -1 thoa man d~bai.

Bai t~p 9.

· Datt = sinx + cos x :=; .J2sin( x +~). Vdi XE( 1t; 3;),~ t E[ -:-"-"i -1)

• h.... . 3 3 . )l 3' ( ., ) 3t - t3

va t C SIn X + cos x = (SlDX + COSX ' - smxcosx smx + cosx =--

2

vao(*)tadtt~ct2 +(m+l)t+m-2=0 (1)

74

1 kh·A. }' h' A. "1 .. (1 _t2 - t + 2 2)

· t = ._ ong a ng rem cua ( ), nen ) :::::> 1 == m (

t+

• (*) co nghiem x E (1t; 3;) khi va chi khi (2) eo nghiem t E [- Ji.; -1).

LA. h' h''''' hie , hll. "" () _t2 -t'+2 .. [ r::;2 1

• ap ang len t len cua am SO g t == --- tren-,\! z ; - ).

t +1

· D lI. b' h"" Ji h' - .. )( • b" ,

. t!a VaO ang ( ay ms -,;:: t oa man yeu cau eua at toano

. 1- ,,2 .

Nh6m3 Rai t~p 10.

a) .Cach giiii nrong tt! Vi du Sa, ,

.Ddp .'Ill: x = ~ + kn; x = arctan(-2 ± fj) + kz, k E Z, b) . Cach giai nrong nr Vi du 9a.

D'~' 1t k: "(I±FsJ k k Z

• ap so : x = ± 4"+ 1t; X == arctan -2-"" + 1t; E ,

) I)' ~ k'" k1t' k Z

c. leu ien: x -:F- -, E

2

• Phuong trlnh da eho viC't lai:

tantx + cot''x - 8(tan2x + cor'x) -7 = 0 (1)

• Dat t = tarr'x + cor'x, t ~ 2:::::> tan4x + cot4x = t2 '", 2

· (1; trd thanh : t2 - 81 - 9 = 0 ~ [~ : ~1 Oo~i):::::> tan/x+ COl2X == 9

<=> sin'x + costx == 9sin2xeos2x <=> 1- .!.sin22x = ~sini 2x

.2 4

11 . 3 1 3 kn

<=> -(1- cos4x) = 1 <=> cos4x = - <=> x = ±-,.arccos- + -, k t::: Z.

8 11 '4 11 2

d) • Vitt lai: (tarr'x + cor'x) + (tarr'x + cor'x) +. (tanx + c01X) = 6 (*)

• Dat t = tanx + cotx == tanx +_,_1_, It I ~ 2.

tanx

the' tan'x + cor'x =(tanx + cotx) l - Jtanxcotxttanx + cotx) =. rl - Jt,

tan2x + cor'x = (tanx + cotxj' - 2tanxcotx = t2 - 2 vao (*) ta dU'~jc

e + t2 - 2t - 8 = 0 <=> (t - 2)(t2 + 3t + 4) = 0 ~ t = 2

~". >0, "it

1 . 1t

:::::> tan x + -- = 2 ¢:;> tanx = I<=> x = - + kn, k E Z.

tanx 4

8"t" 11 D'k kie k1t k Z

at ~p .• leu ien: x"#:- -. E .

2

. D~t t::.~ tanx + cotx = tanx + _1_, It I ~2:::::> tan 'x + cor'x == (2 - 2.

tan x '

75

- 3t2 + 4

• (*)::::> 3t2 + mt - 4 = 0 <=> = m (1)

t

· Phuong trlnh (*) c6 nghiem <=> phirong trinh (1) c6 nghiem tED

(D = (.:_oo~ - 2] u [2~ + (0) )

2

1" b' bi ~ hi A .t h' ~ , - 3t + 4 " D

· .ap ang len t len cua am so get) = tren

t

· D\I'a vao bang tha'y m ~ -4 hoac m ~ 4 thoa man yeu c~u baitoan, Bai t~p i 2.

D. /l: k' " {Sinx 1= 0 k7t k Z

· uleu len: 0 <=> x 1= -, ,E .

. COSX 1= ' 2

• D~t t = tanx - cotx ::::> tanix + cor'x = e + 2 (*) trd thanh: (m -1)t2 - 2mt + m + 4 = 0 (1) Truang h{Jp 1 : m = 1

5' 5 2(cos2x - sirr'x) 5

(1) ¢> t =-::::> tanx - cotx = - ¢> =

2 2 2c'osxsinx 2

5 1 (5) kz

<=> cot2x = -- <=> x = -arccot -- + - k E Z.

4 2 \. 4 2',

Truang h(lp 2: m 1= 1

+ fl' = 4 -3m

+ Bang xet da'u fl'

I

m

-00

4 3

o

· Khi m > i ::::> fl' < 0 ::::> (1) vo nghiern ::::> (*) vo nghiem,

· Khi m ~ j ::::> fl' = 0 ::::> (1) ~6 cnQt nghiem kep: t = 4

1 k7t

::::> -2cot2x = 4 <=> x = -arccot( - 2) + -, k E Z.

, 2 2'

Kh·' 4 A' 0 (1) ohai h'A h" bie m±.J4="3m

· I m < - ~ u > ~ c' al ng tern p an let: t = ---

. 3 ' .' . m-l

1 (m±.J4-3m) k7t'

::::> x = -arccot + -, k E Z.

, 2 2(1-m) 2

76

~ ,,' ",? ., • ,

Chii de 6: BIEN 001 PHV<1NG TRINH tVQNG GIAC

DA CHO VE DANG TicH

.

A. KI~.N THUCCAN NHO LDang tich

Ne'u phirong trtnh f(x) = 0 (*) bien d6i v~ dang f) (x). f2 (x) ... fn (x) = 0 thl 'nghi~m cua (*) la t~p hop cacnghiem cua phirong trlnh

.... f)(x)=O

f2(x) = 0

fn(x)=O

2. Cac nh6m phUdng trlnh thuang g;)p

Gia sO' quy U'~c goi phirong trlnh dn giai l~ (*).

Nh6m 1 : Ghep ham sao cho sO' dung cong thirc bien d6i hrong giac la c6 lqi nh!t d~ dira phuong trlnh (*) v~ dang tich.

Nh6m 2 : Sir dung cong tlnrc ha b~c

• 2 1 - cos2a 2 1 + cos2a

• stn a= cos a=---

2 2

.' ~ 3sina - sin3a ,3 3cosa + cos3a

• sm' a = .' cos a = _..___---

4' 4

. va ke't hop nh6m 1 d~ gidi phirong trlnh (*).

Nh6m 3 : Sir dung hang dAng thirc va k€t hop ky thuat bien d6i hrong giac d~ dira phuong trinh (*) ve dang tich.

Nh6m 4: SO' dung plnrong phap d6ng b~c

( ky thuat dung sirr'X + eos2X =: 1 ).

Nh6m 5: SO' dung phirong phap nhan.

Nh6m 6: Sit dung phuong phap dung tham s6 lam ffn - ky thuat sir dung hling s6 bien thien.

Nhom 7: Ke't hop nhieu phep bien d6i hrong giac.

B. VIOV MINHHQA .Nh6m 1

I

-.---- ._-. __ .- .. _-_ .. __ _-.:- ._ .. __ ._-.- "'-.-_._------- -- .. ------J

Vi d", 1. Giai phuong trinh cosx + coszx +- cos.ix =. () l'" )., '

----.-- --,.-.---- .. ------- .•. ---.---_.._--~.-- .---~.--.--.--.---------.- -----

. Cia;

(*) ¢:> (cos3x + cosx) + cos2x =~ 0 ~ 2cos2xeosx + coszx « 0

. [COS2X::.o 0

<=> cos2x(2cosx + 1) = 0 ~ cosx= _.~ = cos 27t

. 2 3

77

f2X = 'n + k1t . fx = ~ + ~~

2 4 ~

~ 2 ~ 2 - ,keZ.

x = ±~+ k21t x = ±~ .. +. k21t

. 3' 3

VA h' A ? h ' h *)}' 1t k1t 21t k2 k Z

<).y ng J((m cua p uong trin (.' a x=-'4 + '2; x ~± 3- + 1t, e .

Vi dlJ 2. Giili phuong trlnh cos2x + cos6x .- cos8x ;_ I (*). . cu:

(*) ~ (1- cos2x) - (cos6x - cos8x) = 0 ¢::> 2sin2x + 2sin7xsin( -~) =0 ~ 2sinx(sin7x - sinx) = 0 ~4sinxcos4xsin3x = 0 .

~[~~~;~o~[:;~f+kx~lx=. t~x .kEZ.

sm3x=0 3 k X=--

. X= 1t 3

VA ' hi A ? h ~ h d~ h }l\ '. 1t k1t k1t k Z

ay ng iemcua p irong tnn a e 0 <l X = '8 + 4: x = 3' e .

VI dlJ 3. Gidi phirong trlnh sinx + sin2x + sin3x = 1 + eosx + eos2x (*).

Giii

(*) ~ (sin3x + sinx) + sin2x ='(1 + eos2x) + eosx

~ 2sin2xeosx + sin2x = 2cos2x + eosx

~ sin2x(2eosx + 1) = eosx(2eosx + 1)

~ (2eosx + 1)(sin2x - cosx) =.0 ~ (Zcosx +1)e~sx(2sinx -1) = O·

1t

<=:> x = - + k1t 2

21t

x =±-+k21t 3

~ eosx=O.

1 1t

sinx = -::: sin-

2 6

1 21t

cosx = -- = eos-

2 3

,keZ.

1t 51t .

X =-+k21t~x =--+k21t

6 6

Vb nghiem cua phirong trinh (*)

2x' 1t 1t 5x· .

x = ± - + k21t; x = - + kz, X = - + k21t, X = - + k21t, k e Z .

.-- _;3;c_______ 2 6" 6

I VI dy 4~ G~,ii p~_~~~_g_lrlnh sinx - sin3x+ 2sin5x = 0 (*).

Giii

(*) ~ (sin5x + sinx) + (sin5x - sin3x) = 0 .¢:::> 2sin3xcos2x + 2cos4xsinx = 0

~.;3sinx - 4sin1x)eos2x.+ (2cos22x -l)sinx = 0 ~ sinx[(3- 4sin2x)eos2x + 2cos2 2x -1] = 0

[sinx =0 (1)

<-:>

(3-4sin.2x)eos2x+2cos22x-l=O (2)'

J

(1) <=> x = kz, k E Z.

(2) <=> [3 - 2( 1 - cos2x) ]cos2x + 2cos2 2x -1' = 0 . <=> 4cos2 2x + cos2x -I = 0

. -1±J0 1 (-1±J0)

<=> cos2x = <=> x = ± - arccos . + kz, k E Z.

8 28'

. VA hOA • *)1:" 1-' 1. l' -:l±ffi) k k Z

~y ng iern cua ( <1 X = 1\.n; X = ±"2arcco_s 8 + 1t, E •

V'd 5 0·.%· h ·trl h x 3x. x. . 3x 1 (*) I IJ • 1<11 P irong n cos - cosxcos -:- S10 - S1OXS1O- = - ;

2 2 2 2 2

Gia;

(*).. ( 3x x) . (. 3x . x). 1

<=> cos-cos- cosx- S1O-S1O- S10X =-

2 2 2 2 2

<=>·.!..(cos2x + cosxjcosx -.!..(cosx -cos2x)sinx =.!..

2 2 .2

<=> cos2xcosx + cosix - cosxsinx + cos2xsinx = 1

<=> cos2xcosx + 1-:- sin2x - cosxsinx + cos2xsinx = 1

[cosx + sinx = 0

<=> (cosx + sinx)(cos2x - sinx) = 0 <=> .

I • . cos2x - sinx = 0

[tanx = -1 x = - ~ + k1t [x = - ~ + k1t

"·4 4

<=> cos2x = cos(1t -x) <=>"2 _ .±(1t )" k2· <=> 1t k21t

2 x- --x + 1t X=-+--·

. 2 6 3

VI ely 6. TIm m de msinx +sin2x - sin4x = 0 (*) c6 nghiem x E ( 0; l~ )-

L..-!.' __ ___;_. ---,-_---,-_---' __ _.;.." _J

Cia;

. (*) <=> msinx + 2cos3xsin(.""': x) = 0 <=> (m - 2COs~A)sinx = 0

I m

<=> sinx = 0 (1) hoac cos3x = 2" (2)

-x« (1)

(1) <=> x = kz, k E Z

{I

. 1t O<k<~

Vdl O-c x <-=> 12 =>ke0

12 keZ

+Xet(2)

. 1t 1t.,fi

Vdl O'c x <-=> O<3x <-=>- <cos3x < 1

12 4 2

79

[~idY 7. Giai phtidng trlnh cos ~ ~ cos 2 X (*).

Cia;

4x l+cos2x ·4x

(*) ¢:::> cos- = ¢:::> 2cos- = 1 + cos2x

3 2 " 3

¢:::>2(2COS2 2x -1)=1+4COS3 2x -3cos3..~ (1) 333

2 .:

Di,\t t = cos 3X , It I s 1.

Phuong trlnh (1) trd thanh : 4e - 4t2 - 3t + 3 = 0

, [t = 1 [cos 2", = 1

¢:::> (t :-1)(4t2 -~) =0 ¢:::> t2,,;, l ¢:::> 1 (" 3 4X) 3

4 - l+cos- =-

2 3 4

2x

(2) ¢:::> - = k21t ¢:::> X = k31t, k E Z. 3

4x 1 1t 4x '1t 1t k31t

(3) ¢:::> cos- = - = cos- ,_:;:. - = ±- + k21t ¢:::> X = ±- + - k E Z.

32 33 3· 42'

Yay nghiern cua phirong trlnh (*) lA x = k31t; x = ± ~ + k31t ,k E Z.

. . 4 2

(2)

(3)

Nh6m2

~i dy ~.~iai phtidng trlnb sin 2 2x + sin 23. + sin 24 x ~ ~ (*).

Cia;

(*) <-~ 1- cos4x + _1- cos6x + l-cos8,,: = l

2 2 2'· 1

<.::> (cos8x + cos4x) + cos6x = 0 ¢:::> cos6x( 2cos2x + 1) = 0

¢:::> [COS6X = 0 1 21t ¢:::>" [6X ~ f + kn <0> [X = 1~ + k61t

cos2x = -- = cos- 21t .. 1t

2 3 2x = ± - + k21t X = ± - + k1t.

" 3 3

Vay nghiern cua phirong trlnh (*) lA x = ~ + k1t ; X = ± ~ + kn, k EZ.

.. - 12 6 3

[-Vi dQ 9. G;~"i phirong trlnh

. 23x . 2(1t 5X) . 211x . 2(1t 13X)

:·;[n - + sm - - - = sm - + sm -:- - -.- (*).

2 42 2- 42

80

I

cu:

Dung cong thtrc ha b~c, ta c6

VT(*) = ~(1-cos3x) + ~[1- cos(n: "':5X)] = 1-~(cos3x + sin5x)

2 2, 2' 2

VP(*) = ~(1-cosllx) + ~[l-COS(1t -13X)] = 1-~(cosllx + sin l Sx)

2. 2 2 • 2 •

Phuong trlnh (*) vi€t lai: cos3x + sin5x = cosl lx + sin13x (I)

(1) <=>sinf3x-sin5x=cos3x-cosllx ,

<=> 2cos9xsin4x = -2sin7.xsin( -'4x) ¢:)'sin4x(cos9x -sin7x) = 0

<=> [Sin4X = O. " , (1t') ~ [4X = k1t(1t ) .

cos9x=sm7x=cos '2-7X. 9x=± 2 -7x +k21t

[x= k1t lr x =k1t

<=> 4 k '" <=> 4 k ,keZ.

1t 1t 1t ,1t 1t

X = 32 + 8" X= - 4 + k1t .' X = 32 + 8'

VA hi A • h .: h * 1')\ ,k1t 1t, k1t k Z ayng iem cua p irong tnn ( ) aX=-', ;X=-+-,-, e .

. , 4 32 8

Vi d\ll O. Giai phtrong trlnh 2cos2 2x + cos2x = 4sin 2 2xcos2x (*).

Gicii

(*) 1 4 2 4( 1-, co, s4x )(1 + COS2X)

ee +cos x + cos x =

2 2

<=> 1 + cos4x + cos2x = 1 + cos2x -cos4x - cos4x .. coszx

<=> cos4x(2 + cos2x) = 0 <=> cos4x = 0 ho~c cos2x = -'"2 < -1 ( loai)

1t 1t k1t

<=> 4x =-+ k1t <=> x =-+-,k eZ.

2 8 4 .

V~y nghiem cua phirong trlnh (*) u x = ~ + k;. k e Z.

Vi d\l t 1. Gilii phuong trinh Bcos' (x +;) = cos3x (*).

Gicii

DIU t "" x + 1t => 3x = 3t·-.1t => cosfx = -cosst.

. 3

•• ' 3 '(3cost+coS3t)

Phuong trlnh (*) Vle't II,lI 8cos t = -cos3t <=> 8 = -cos3t

. . 4

: :::11 ~::::::: :[S::st2:~t :~OSI ~,2.:t[~ ~O:2:SI. k "Z.

, cos t = -- :;:: cos- 1t

2 3 t =±-+k1t

, , ' 3

81

• V di t = 1t + kz, k E Z => x = t- ~ = ~ -I- kz, k E Z.

2 . .. 3 6

• V di t = ~ + kz.k E Z => x :=: kz, k E Z.

3 .

. 1t . 21t

.Vd'l t =-'3+k1t, k E Z => x = -)+k1t, kEZ ..

V~y nghiem cua plurong trlnh (*) Itl x = ~ + kx; x:=: kz; x = - 2; + kn,

Vi dlJ 12. Gi~H phirong trlnh.

cossxcoa'x - sin3xsin3x =.!. sin8x +.!. cos4x +.!. (*) ..

4 . 2 4

Cia;

(*) <=> cos3x ( 3cosx : COS3X) _ Sin3x( 3sinx ~ sin3x)= sin8x + 2;OS4X + 1

<=> 3(cos3xcosx - sin3xsinx)+ cos' 3x + sin2 3x = sin8x + 2cos4x + 1 <=> 3cos4x + 1 :=: 2sin4xcos4x + 2cos4x + 1 <=>cos4x(1- 2sin4x) = 0

[COs4X =0

<=>. 1. 1t<=>

sm4x=2"=sm 6

4x =1t + kz 2

1t

4x =~ +k21t .6

51t

4x·= -. + k21t

6

1t kx X=-+-

'8' 4

1t kz :

<=> X=-+-, kEZ. 24 2

51t k1t X=-+-.-

24 2

• .' 1t ~ .. 1t b ~ ~

Yay nghiem cua phirong trlnh (*) lA x = _ + -; x = - + -; x = - + -.

. 8 4 24 2 24 2

Vi dlll3. GiiH phuong trlnh sin2x + sin2 3x = 3sin2 2x (*).

Giai

3 . 22 . 2· 23· 0 3' 22 1- cos2x· 1 - cos6x 0

(*) ¢::> sin x - sin x - sm x = <=>. sm x -: .-2 - 2 =..

<=> 3sin22x - i +.!.(cos6x + cos2x) = 0 ¢:)3sin22x -1 + cos4xcos2x = 0

2 -

¢:) 3( 1- cos' 2x) -1 + (2cos2 2x _,_ 1 )eos2x = 0

¢:) 2eos32x - 3eos2 2x - eos2x + 2 =0

¢:) (eos2x -1)(2eos22x ~eos2x - 2) = 0

cos2x = 1

1-..m

¢:) cos2x = --'-_

4

1+..m

eos2x=----

4

,kEZ.

82

Vi dlJ 1.4. Cho phirong trlnh 2cos2 2x - cos' 3x - asin/x = ( (*)

a) GiM phirong trtnh (*) khi a = 1

b) Xac dinh a d~ (*) c6 nghi':;m x E (0; fi)~

Cia;

Sil' dung cong thuc ha bac, ta co . (*)~2COS22X-C+C;S6X )_aC-C~S2X )=1

¢:> 4cos2 ".'-. -1 _; (4cos3 2x -3cos2x) - a + acos2x == 2 (1)

.. D~t t = cos2x, It I S; 1.

(1) trd thanh: 4e-4t2 -3t +3 = aCt -1) ~ (t -1)(4t2 -3) = aCt -1). (2) a) Khi a = 1: (2) ted thanh: (t -1)(4e -4) =0 <=> t = ±1

k1t .

~ cos2x = ±1 <=> sin2x = 0 <=> 2x = k1t <=> X = -, k E Z.

. . 2

b)V~ixe(o; 1~)~2xe( 0; ~)~tE( 1; I}

(2) viet lai: 4t2 - 3 = a ee t2 = : : 3

Phuong trmh (*) co nghiem x E (0; ~) <=> ~ < a +,3 < 1

12 4 4

<=> 3 < a+3 <4<=> 0 <a < 1.

Nh6m3 ,

E.GiAi phtldng trlnh sin'x+cos'x = l-isin2x (*), Gicii

. (*) <=> (sinx + cosxjtsinix + cos'x =sinxcosx) = i -.!..sin2x

. 2

<=> (sinx + COSX)(1- . .!..sin2x) = 1-.!..sin2x

2' . 2

(1 1. 2 )( . 1)' 0 . [Sinx + cosx = 1

<=> --sm x smx + cosx - = <=> .' 2 2'1 (I, ' i)

2 , sin x = > oai

<=> Jisin ( x + : ) = 1 <=> sin ( x + : ) = ~ = sin ~

[X + : = ~ + k21t . [X=k21t " '

¢:> 3 <=> 1t k2 ' k E Z.

. 1t 1t' X =-+ 1t

x+-=-+k21t 2, .

4 4

V~y nghiem ella phuong trtnh (*) IA X = k2x; x == 1t + k21t, k E Z. 2

83

.. 3( . 3 X 3 X).,

sm _._ -COS -

VI d\l16. Gi~i phirong trlnh . 2. 2 = cosx (*).

" 2+smx

------------------~~----~

Giiii

Vlsinx~-1>-2, V'x=>sinx+2>0: V'XER.

(*) ~ 3( sin~ - cos~)( 1 t sin~cos ;J~ cosx(2 + sinx) 4

3 ( . ' X x) (2 ' , ) '(2')

<=> - sm - - cOS-. + smx = cosx + SlDX

. 2 2 2 .

3 (. x. X) 2 X . 2 X

<=>"2 SID"2-COS"2 =cos "2-sm 2

¢> (sin~ -cos;)[ i + (Sin~+ cos~)] ~O

[Sin~-cos~=o (1)

<=> 2 2

% +( Sin; + cos ;) =0 (2)

(1) <=> J2s1n.(~ - 1t. ) = 0 <=> ~ -2: = k1t k E Z <=> X = 1t + k21t ke Z.

24 24 ,. ·2 '

(2)<=>Sin(~+ 1t)= __ 3_<_1 (lOai)

. 2 4 2fi .

V~y nghiem cua phirong trlnh (*) li\ X = ~ + k21t, k E Z.

Nh6m4

Ciai

(*)<=> (sirr'x + cos3x)(sin2x + cos/x) = 2(sin'x + cos'x)

<=> sin'x + sirr'xcos'x + cos'xsin''x + cos'x = 2sin5x + 2cos5x. <=> (cos'x -cos3xsin2X)+(sin5x =siu'xcos'x) = 0

<=> cos3X(COS2x - sin2x) - sin3x(cos2x - sin2x) = 0

<=> (cosix - sin2x)(cos3x - sirr'x) = 0

3 3 [COS2X = 0

¢:) cos2x(cos X - sin x) = 0 <=> 3 1

tan X=

[COS2X = 0 [2X = 1t + k1t k

<=>. 1 1t ¢:) 2 <=> X = ! + ~, k E Z.

tanx = = tan - 1t k 4 2

. 4 x =,'4+ 1t ,

84

Vij,y nghiem cua phucng trtnh (*) lA x = n + kn, k E Z. 4 2

VI dll18. Giai phuongtrtnh sin3x +.eos3x = sinx - eosx(*).

/

j

Giai

(*) ¢:> sirr'x + cos'x = (sinxcosx)(sin2x +. cos'x)

¢:> sirr'x + cos'x = sirr'x +. sinxcos2x - cosxsirr'x - cos'x ~ 2eos3x +. cosxsirr'x - sinxcos'x = 0

<=> eosx(2cos2x + sin2x- sinxcosx) = 0

<=> cosx = 0 (1) hoac 2cos2x +. sirr'x - sinxcosx = 0 (2)

(1) <=> x = n .; kx, k E Z.

2

I Vi d\l19. Giai phtfdng trlnh 4sin3xeos2x = 1 +. 6sinx - 8sin3x (*). 'Gia;

. (*) <=> 4sin1xeos2x = 1+ 2(3sinx -4sin3x ) <=> 4sin3xcos2x = 1 + 2sin3x <=> 2sin3x(2cos2x -1) = 1 <=> 2sin3x[2(2cosix -1) -1] = 1

<=> 2sin3x(4cos2x - 3)= 1 (1) .

+. vm eosx = 0 <=> sinx = ±1 <=> x = n + kn, k E Z <=> sin3x = ±1 2

Ta e6: VT(l) = 2(±1). (-3) = +6:;t 1.

Suy ra phirong trlnh (*) khong co nghiem x = ~ +. kn, k E Z. 2

+ NMn hai v6 eua (1) eho eosx, ta dtfc;1c .

2sin3x( 4eos3x - 3eosx) = cosx (1)

(1) <=>.2sin3xeos3x = eosx <=> sin6x == sin ( ~ - x )

[6X = n _ x + k2n . [x = ~ +. k2n

(1) ........ 2 .......... 14 7 k Z

"....". ~ ( n 1 "....". 1t k27t' E •

fix = Jt - - - x +. k2n . x:: - +. <-

. \ 2 ,10 5

• . n k27t n k2n

\ dy nghiem cua phirong trlnh (*) lA x = - + -; x = - +. -- , k E z.

. 14 1 10 5

85

Vi d.,. 20. Giai phuong trlnh cosx + cos2x + cos3x + cos4x + cos5x = -~, (*). I

"" I

'~"."'-""".--'"

Gia; 1

.Vdi x = k21t, k E Z : VT(*) = 5 * -2" :::::) (*) khong (X) nl,11i<;m nay.

, - x

• V di x :;t: k21t, k E Z ~ sin - * 0

2

NMn hai v~ cua (*) cho 2sin i :;t: 0, ta ~u'c;Jc:

2· x 2' x 2 2' x3 2' x 4' -2' x 5 . X Slll- COSX + Slll- cos X + sm - cos x + Slll- cos X + Slll-:- cos. X = - sm-

2 2 2 2 2 2

. 3x . ,x . 5x . 3x . 7x . 5x . 9x . 7x

¢:> sm -"'- - sm - + Slll- - Slll-·+ sm -- - sm- + sm- - sm--

222 2 2 22 2

. l1x . 9x . x

+sm- -sm-=-Sln':_

2 2 - 2

. llx l lx - 2in1t .:

¢:>sm-:::O¢:>-- =m1t¢:>x =--,ffiEZ, rrrj ll. 2211

Nh6m6

Vi d.,. 21. Giai va bi~n lu~n 2m2 - 2m.J2sin( x + ~ ) + sinx = cosx - % (*).

Gia;

(*) <=> 2m2 - 2(sinx + cosx)m + ( % + sinx - cosx J=O (1)' Tinh 'bi~t _s6 Il'

Il: = (sinx + cosxr' - 2(% + sinx ~ cosx) = 1 + 2sinxcosx - 3 - 2sinx + 2cosx = 2co~(1 + sinx) - 2(1 + sinx) = 2(1 + sinx)(cosx -1)

. Vi {sinx:. -11:::> Il' ~ 0 nen (1) c6 nghiem <=> A'= 0 <=> sinx = -1 hole cosx = 1

cosx~ , . . .

• Vdi sinx = -1 - => cosx = 0, (1) trd tbanh-:2m2 + 2m + ~ ~ 0 <=> m = -+.

• Vdi CQSX = 1 => sinx = 0, (1) trd thanh:2m2 - 2m +! = 0 <=> m =..!.. .22

- 1 -, 1t

T6ml(li: • m = --: (*) c6 nghiem x ::: -- + k21t, k E Z.

2' 2 '

• m = ..!.:- (*) c6 nghiem x = k21t, k E Z. 2

• m;t; ±..!.: (*) v6nghi~m. . 2

86

VI d~ 22. Gidi phmrng trlnh:

2(sinx + 3)cos4 ~ - sinx(1 + cosx) e- 3cosx-l = O· (*).

2,· ,

Gicii

Cdchl'

(*) <::> 2(sinx + 3)cos4 ~ - sinx(1 + cosx) - 3(1 -s cosx) + 2 =;:: 0

2 .

<::> (sinx+ 3)cos4 ~ - (sinx + 3{ 1 +;osx) + 1 :::;0

.' '

<::> (sinx + 3)cos4 ~ - (sinx+ 3)cos2 ~ + 1 =0 (1).

, 2 - 2 .

Dl;\t t = cos2 i, 0:!5: t s 1.

Phuong trlnh (1) trd thanh.tsinx-r 3)t2 -(sinx +3)t+l =0 ~ = (sinx +.3)2 - 4(sinx + 3):::; sin2x + 6sinx + 9 Asinx -12

= sin2x+ 2sinx - 3 == (sinx + 3)(sinx -1):!5: 0

{SinX :::; 1 , f sinx = 1 {. sinx = 1 1t '

, (*) <::> cos2 ~ :::;.!.. <::> II + cosx = _!.. <::> eosx = 0 ~ x = 2 + k21t, k E Z.

2 2 22.

V~y nghiem eua phuong trlnh (*) lit x = ~. + k21t, k E Z. Cach2

(1) <::> (sinx + 3)eos2 i ( cos' % -'1) + 1 == 0

<=:> -(sinx + 3)eos2 ~sin2 ~ + 1 = 0

" 2 2

<=>-±(SinX + 3)sin2x + 1 = 0<::> sin3x -+- 3sin2x - 4 = 0

<=> (sinx -1 )(sinx + 2)2 :::; 0 <::> sinx» 1 <:::> x = ~ + k21t, k ,E Z.

V ~y nghiem cua phirong trtnh (*) Hi x = ~+ k21t, k E Z. '2 '

Nh6m7

VI d.,23. Giai phuong trlnh 2eos3x + sinx + 1 :::; 2sin2x (*).

Ciai

(*) <:::> 2cos3x - 2( 1- cosix) + sinx + 1 = 0 <:::> 2cos3x + 2eos2x + sinx -1 = 0

<:::> 2cos2x(cosx + 1) -(1- sinx) = 0

<:::> 2(1- sinx)(l + sinx)(cosx + 1) - (1- sinx) =0

<:::> (1- sinx)[2(1 + sinx)( eosx + 1) -11 = 0

81

<=> (l-sinx)[2(sinx + cosx) + 2sinxeosx +-1] = 0

[1-SinX = 0 ' (1)

<=> 2(sinx + cosx) + 2sinxeosx + 1 = 0 (2)

(1) <=> x = 1t + k21t, k e Z.

2 '

Giii (2)" ta <1~t t = sinx+ eosx = J2sin( x + :). It I ~ J2.

(2) tr~ thanh : 2t + (e -1) + 1= 0 <=> ,t(t + 2)= O::)t == 0 ~ v'tSin( x + :) = 0 <=> x = -; + k1t, k e Z.

, '. 1t .,' 1t

V~y nghiem ciiaphirong trlnh (*) lax = ~ + k21t;x= - 4 +k1t, k e Z.

Vi d" 24. Giii phuong trlnh

, , 3 3(1 + sinx) 2(.1t x)' ,"

3tan x-tanx+ ' " -Seos __ - __ =0 (*).

cos2x 4, 2

, Cia; Eli~u kien: cosx ¢ 0 <=> x ¢ 1t + k1t, k e Z.

2 '

(0) <o),3tan'x - tanx + 3(1 + sinxXI + tan',,) - 4[ 1 + cos(; - x)] ~ 0

<=> 3tan3x -tanx + 3(1 + sinx)(l + tan2xJ-4(1 +sinx) == 0

<=> tanx(3tan2x -1) + (1 + sinx).l3(1+ tan'x) - 4] =0

<=> (3tan2x -1 )(tanx + 1 + sinx) = 0

[ 2 ,[ ; 1 '

<=> 3mn x-I =. 0, , <=> tan x =3" (1)

tanx + 1 + smx = 0 'sinx + cosx +.h:cosx = 0 (2)

" (1) <:;)ta~ = ± ~ = tan ( ± =) <=> 1 = ±~+ k1t, k e-Z

.. GiAi(2) ;

El~t t = sinx +cosx = J2sin(x +~), 1~~.J2.

, 4 '.

. '. t2 -1 -,

Phuong trlnh (2) ~~nh: t+--=0<=>t2 +2t-l=0~ t =-I+J2

" 2

. (' J;) -1 + J2 . '. [x = q> - : + k21t

<=> sm x+ .... = fi =smq> <=> 31t ,k e Z.

4 ,2 - x = - - q> + k21t

, 4

I

'V~y nghiem cua phirong trtnh (*) Ia x = ± ~ + kz; x = q> - : + k21t;

31t k2~. -1 + ..fi .

x=---qJ+ 1t voi r: =smqJ.

4· ~2 .

o C. BAI T ~P TV lUY~N Nh6m 1

BAi t3p 1. Giiii cac phirong trinh:

a) 1 + eosx + eos2x = 0

b) sinx + sm2x + sin3x + sin4x = 0

c) eos2x + eos4x + eos6x + eos8x + 1 = 0

d) sinx + si~2x + sin3x= eosx + coszx + eos3x

e) sin3(x·+ 1t) - sin2(x + 2~) - sin(x +- 31t) = 0

f) tanx +tan2x~ tan3x = 0

g) 2sin( lOx + 1 ~~ ) =eos12x + eos8x.

BAi t3p 2.Cho (2sinx + 3)(3eosx +' 2sinx - 4 + m) + 4eos2x + 5 == 0 (*) xse dinh m t1~ phirong trlnh (*) c6 nghiern duy ~h~t x E ( -~; :).

BAi t3p 3. Cho cos'x +(m-2)eos2~-(3m t l)eosx + 2m+ 2 = 0(*). Xac dinh m t1S phimng trlnh (*)e6 nghiem duy nh~t x E.[- 31t ; -~].

. . 4 4

Nh6m2

BAi t3p4. Gilii cac phuong trtnh:

a) sin2x + sin22x = cosix + eos22x b) cos'x + cos22x+ eo.s23x':' eos24x = 2

c) sin22x + sin2 5x·= 2sin2'( 3;) 0 d) sin2x = eos22x + eos23x

0) cos3x+m,7x =z[sin' (: + 5; )-~os'~]

f) Sin2(X -1t)tan2x-eos2~=O g) eos4x+2sin6x=eos2x.

2 4· 2

B~i !4p S. Cho phirong trmh sin5x - sin3x - 2sin' 2x + 7 = Ssin' ( : - ~) TIm. cac nghiern cua phuong trmh tren thoa man di~u kien Ix -11 < 3. Bai t3p 6. Giiii cac phircng trlnh:

) 4· (. t« oJ 2 (3n ) 8· 2 x. .

a sm x-_·_ - eosxcos x-- + sm - =4+smx

" 2 ·22

89

b) sin8x + cos'x = 2(sinl!!x + COSIO x)

c) 4CO~4X + 3sin2x + sin3xsinx - 2 + cos4x = 0

d) 2cos2 3x+ 1 == 3cos4x

e) 2(cos2 2x + cos2 3x + cos' 4x}= cos6x( 2sin2x + 1) + 3 ...

Bai t~p 7. Cho phirong trinh:

. 3 X 3x . 3x 3 x 3sin2x - sin6x + m .(*)

sm -cos- + Slll-COS - = -------

2 2 2 2 4

a) Giai phimng trtnh (*) khi m = 1,

b) xse dinh m de (*) co nghiem x E (;4; ~).

Nh6m3

BM t.P 8. GiM cac phircng trlnh:

a) sin2x - cos2x + 3(sinx - cosx) -1 = 0

b) 2(cos4xsiitx - sin''xcosx) = .J2sin2xcos( ~ + x)

c) cos'x + sirr'x = cos2x

d) 1 + sinx + cosx + sin2x + coszx = 0

e) sinx + sirr'x + sirr'x + sin4x = cosx + cos'x +cos3x + cos'x

f) sirr'x + cos'x - (sinx + cosx) -1- sin2x = 0

g) 1 + sin32~ + cos32x = ~sin4x 2

h) sin3x + cos3x = (1.+ 2sin2x)cos2x

·Nh6m4

Bai t3p 9. GiiH cac phirong trlnh :

) . 3 X 3 X r::2 . (x 1t)

a sm - - cos - = '1/ Lsm - + -

.2 2 2 4

b) 2fisin?(2X +~) = ~sin4x(cos2x + sin2x) + 2(cos5x + sin5x~.

4 2

Nh6m5

Bai t~p 10. Gidi cac phuong trlnh :

sin3x sin5x' . 1

a) -- = --. - b) cosxcos2xcos4xcos8x =-

3 5 . . 16

)·1 . 5x 1[<1 2) . x]

c -Slfl- =- +cos x COSXSlfl- .

5 2 2 2 .

Nh6m6

Bai t~p 11. Giiii va bien luan phuong trtnh

2(1- m)sinx - 2(m + 2)cosx+ m2.+ 5 =,0 (*).,

Bai t~p 12. Giai cac phirong trinh :

a) coszx + 2sin2x = 7eosx + 2sinx - 4

b) 9sinx + 6cosx - 3sin2x + cos2x = 8

c) 2sinx + 2cotx = sin2x + 2

d) sirr'x + 4sinx + J3sin2x + 3cos2x - 2 = (1 + 2sinx)(sinx + l3cosx)

e) 4[3.J4X- x2sin2 x; y + 2COS(X'+ y)] = 13 + 4cos2 (x + y).

Nh6m7

Bai t~p 13. Giai cac phuong trlnh:

a) cosx(cos4x + 2) + coszx.cosdx = 0 2

b) 3tan6x - 2tan2x = -- _. cot4x

, ~n8x'

c) cos'x + sin'x + ~(COS3X + sin5x)sin2x = cosx + ~inx d) sinx + sin2x + sin3x _ = .J3 .

, eosx + cos2x + cos3x

D. HUaNG DAN GIAI BAI T';P TljLuveN Nh6m 1

Bai t~p 1. Quy u'~c goi cac phuong trlnh da cho IA (*) a)(*) (::)(1 + cos2x) + cosx = 0 (::) 2cos2x + cosx = 0

. ' l' 27t eecosxtzcosx -+ 1) = 0 (::) cosx = 0 hoac cosx = -~, = cos-

, . 2 3

[X = ; + kz '

(::) ,k E Z.

27t

x=±--+k27t '

3 .

b) (*) (::) (sin3x + sinx) + (sin4x + sin2x) = 0 (::) 2:;in2xcosx + 2sin3xcosx = 0

(::) 2cosx(sin3x + sin2x)= 0 ¢:> 4cosxsin 5x cos x = 0

, '2 2

91'

COSX =0·

1t' x=-+k1t 2

~ sin 5x = 0 ~ x = k21t ,k E Z ..

2 5

x = 1t + k21t

x cos- = 0 2

c) (*)~ (cosox + cos2x) + cos4x + (1 + cosdx) = 0

~ cos4x[ 2cos2x + 1 + 2(2cos2 2x -1)] = 0 ~ cos4x(4cos22x + 2cos2x -1) = 0

........ _-_.

cos4x =0 -1+J5

~ cos2x = --- ~

'4

. -1-J5

cos2x=·---

4

d) (*) ~ (sin3x+ sinx) + sin2x = (cos3x + cosx) + cos2x . ¢::' 2sin2x.cosx + sin2x =2cos2xcosx + cos2x

¢::' sin2x(2cosx + 1) = cos2x(2cosx + 1)

~ (Zcosx+ 1 )(sin2x - cos2x) = 0

[ [- ~

1 21t X = ± - + k21t

~ cosx=-"2=cos3 ~. ,3 k ,kEZ.

. tan2x = 1 x = 1t + ~

·82

1t 'k1t X=-+-

8 4

( t;J .k.e Z.

1 -1+",5

x = ±-arccos - + k1t

2 4,

e) (*) ~ -sin3x - sin2x + sinx = 0 ~ (sin3x -sinx) + sin2x = 0 ~ 2cos2xsinx + sin2x = 0 ~ 2sinx(cos2~ + cosx) = 0

~ 2sinx(2cos2 x + cosx -1) = 0 ~ sinx = 0 hoac cosx = Ii'

~ [Sinx = 0 1t ~ [X = k1t1t , k E Z.

COSX = cos "3 x = ±"3 + k21t

rX¢;+kx

f) Di~u kien : jx :;t 1t + ~ (k, m, n E Z)

.' 42 ,.

1t n1t x:;t-+-·-

6 3

92

. sin3x sin3x .

(*) <=> - -- = 0 ¢:> sm3x(cos3x - cos2xcosx) = 0 .

cosxcos2x cos3x

¢:> Sin3X[ cos3x -±(COS3X + COSX)] = 0 ¢:> sin3x(cos3x +cosx) = 0

kx

X=- .

. [Sin3X = 0 3 kx

¢:> 3 ¢:> x = kx ¢:> x = -., k E Z.

cos x = cosx kx 3

. X=-

2

¢:> cos'x + mcosx - m - i = 0 ¢:> cosx'= 1 hoac cosx = -(m + 1)

. 3x x· J2 J2 .

Vdl --~x~--=>--~cosx~-

4 4 2 . 2 .

. Ji . Ji

TU'yeu cAu bai toan : --~m+l~- ¢:>

. 2 2

Nh6m2

Bai t~p 4. Quy u'dc goi phirong trlnh <iii cho la (*)

) (*) 1- cos2x 1- cos4x 1 + cos2x 1 + cos4x

a¢:>+ = +---

2 222

¢:> 2(cos4~+ cos2x) = 0 ¢:> 4cos3xcosx = 0,

- [COS3X = 0 [x = ~ + ~x .' . .2 X kx k Z

¢:> 0 ¢:> ¢:>x- + ., E .

COSX ='·X 6 3

x =-+kx .

2 ., .

..fi+2 . Ji-2

--~m~ .

2 2

93

b)(*) ¢:) 1+cos2x + 1+cbs4x + 1+cos6x + 1+cos8x =2

. 2 22 2

¢:) (cos8x + cos2x) + (cos6x + cos4x) = 0 ' ¢:) 2cos5x(cos3x + cosx) = 0

[COS5X = 0 . [x = 1~ + ~1t

¢:) ¢:). .k E Z.

cos3x = -cosx = COS(1t - x)· x = ~ + k1t

4 2

1- cos4x 1- cos lOx .

c)(*) ¢:> --- + =1-cos3x ¢:) coslOx + cos4x = 2cos3x'

2 2

: 2[:::::::3:"[:::: ~ CO:3~:.OS7X -I) "0

cos7x = 1 k21t

. X=-

. 7

d) (*) 1- cos2x 1 + cos4x 23

~ = +cos x

2 2

¢> (cos4x + cos2x) + 2cos2 3x = 0 ~ 2cos3xcosx + 2cos2 3x = 0

[. [x: = 1t + k1t ,

cos3x = 0 6 3

~ cos3x(cos3x + cosx) = 0 ~ ~ ',k E Z

cos3x = -cosx 1t k1t

, '. X=-+-'

, . . '4 ' 2 .

e) (*) ~ cos3x +sin7x = 1 .. cos( ~ + 5X) - (1 + cos9x)

~ ([C:;::x+=C~S3X) + (sin7x - sin5x) [=xO=~'~l-C~~6X(COS3X + sinx) = 0

¢:) . (1t)¢:) 12 '6 -'

cos3x = -sinx = cos '- + X 1t k . 1t kn

.' 2 x="4+ 1t,x=-g+T'

f) E>i~u kien.cosxs 0 . .

(*) 1 [1 ( 1t)] sin2x _ 1 + cosx ~- -cos x-- .------

2 2 'cos2x 2

~ (1- sinxjsirr'x = (1 + cosxjcos'x

~ (1- sinx)(1- cos'x) = (1 + cosx)(l- sin2x) ,~ (1- sinx)(1 + cosx)( - sinx ~ cosx) = 0

rCCsx = -1 [X = 1t+ k21t

~ ta 1 ¢:> 1t k' k E Z.

L nx = - x = -- + 1t

, 4

94

(1 + cos2x J2 (1- COS2XJ3

g) (*) ¢:> --2- 4- 2 2 = cos2x (1)

D~t t= cos2x, It I s 1.

o 1+2t+t2, (l_t)3

(Ij trd thanh : 4 -t+22 =0 (2)

(l-t)2'r (1- tJ] (1- tJ2 '

(2)¢:> 2' LI+2 2- =o¢:> 2 (2-t)=0

¢:> t = 1 hoac t = 2 > 1 (loai) ~ cos2x = 1 ¢:> x = kn, k E Z.

Uoi t~p 5. (0).", 2cos4xsinx - (1 - CO~X) + 7 ~ 4 [I - COs( ~ ~ X)] ¢:> cos4 x(2sinx + 1) + 6 = 4 - 4sinx

¢:> cos4x(2sinx + 1) = -2(2sinx + 1) ¢:> (2sinx + 1)(cos4x + 2) = 0

[ . 1'. ( 1t ) r x = _ 1t + k21t

ee smx = -'2' =srn -(; ¢:> l 76 , k E Z.

. cos4x = -2 < -I (loai) x = : + k21t

D {IX-ll<3 {,-2<X<4. 1t 71t

o ¢:> ~ X=--' x=-·

kEZ kEZ 6' 6

Bai t4p 6. Quy u'dc goi phuong trlnh da cho IA (*)

8) (*) ¢:> 4cosx + 2cosxsinx + 4(1- cosx) ;: 4 + sinx ¢:> sinx(2cosx -1) = 0

[SinX = 0 ' " [X = k1t

¢:> 0 0 1 1t ¢:> 1t ; k E Z.

COsx. = - = COS- x = ±- + k21t

2 3 0 3 0

b)(*)¢:> sinHx(l- 2sin2x) + cosHx(1- 2cos2x) = 0

¢:> cos2x(sin8x - cos8x) = 0

¢:> cos2x(sin2x -:cos2x)(sin4x + cos'x) = 0 ,

2 • 2' Jt kn '

¢:> --COS 2x(2 - sm 2x) = 0 ¢:> cos2x = 0 ¢:> X = - + -, k E Z.

, . 4 2

c) (*) ¢:> 4cosxcoS3X + 3sin2x + sin3xsinx - 2 + cos4x = 0

4 ( 3cosx + COS3X) 3' 2 • 3' 2 4 0

¢:> COSX 0 4 + sm X + sm XSlllX - + cos x =

¢:> 3(sin2x:+ cos'x) + (cos3xcosx + sin3xsinx) - 2 + cos4x = 0 ¢:> 1 + cos4x + cos2x = 0 ¢:> 2cos2 2x + cos2x = 0

[COS2X = 0 [OX = : + ~

¢:> 2 0 1 ¢:> " k E Z.

cos X =-- 1t

2 x=±-+k1t

3

95

, d) (*). ¢::> 1 + cos6x + 1 == 3cos4x ¢::> 2 + 4.cos3 2x -o3cos2x = 3(2cos2 2x -1) (1) DiJ.t t = cos2x, It I s 1.

(1) trd thanh: 4e - 6t2 - 3t + 5 = 0 (2)

2 I-J2i

(2) ¢::> (t -1)(4t - 2t - 5) = 0 ~ t = 1 h~~c t = 4

l:_ J2i

~ cos2x = 1 hoac cos2x = ---

. 4 .

1t .. 1 (1-J2i)

¢:> x = - + kn hoac x = ± -. arccos + k1t, k E Z.

4 '. 2 4

e) Phuong trlnh (*) nrong dirong phtrong trtnh

(2cos22x -1) + (2cos2 3x -1) + (2cog2 4x -1) = cos6x(2sin2x + 1)( 1) VT(1) = cos4x + cos6x + cos8x = (cos8x +cos4x) +cosex =.cos6x(2cos2x + 1)

. . [ 1t kn

'. x=-+-

cos6x = 0 12 6

(1) ¢::> 2cos6x( cos2x - sin2x) = 0 ¢::> [ ¢::> . , k E Z.

. .tanzx = 1 1t kn

. . .'. x=-+-

. 8 2

Rai t~p 7.

VT(*) 1 (3' x . 3X) 3x 1 (3 x 3X). 3x =4' sm2 -S102- cosT+4' cos2 + cos 2- smT

3 (. x 3x x .3X) 3. 2

=- sm-cos-+cos-sm-. =-sm x.

4 2 2 2 2 4'

VP(*) = sin32x + m.

4

8) Vdi m = 1: (*) ¢::> lsin2x = sin32x+.!. ¢::> 3sin2x ~4sih32x = 1

. 4 4'

¢::> sin6x = 1 ¢::> x = ~ + k1t , k E Z. 12 .3

b) Phuong trlnh (*) trd thanh: sin6x = m

.' VA' 1t 1t 1t 6 31t' J2 . 6 l.

+. vI -<x<-~ -< X<-~-<SiIl x~

24 8 4' 4 2

+ (*) c6 nghiem x E ( ~; 1t)\¢:> J2 < m ~ 1.

24 8 2 .

Nh6m3

Bai t~p 8. QU~1 U'dc goi phirong trlnh di'i cho la (*) a) (*) ¢:> 3(sinx - cosx) - (1- sin2x) - cos2x ~ Q

¢:> (sinx - cosx)[3"": (sinx - cosx) + cosx + sinx] = 0 .

¢:> (sinx -cosx)(3+2cosx) = 0 ¢::> sinx =cosx e O hoac 3+ 2cosx =0

96

. 1t 1t

=> tanx = 1 = tan - <=> x == - + kz, k e Z ..

4 4 .

. b) + Bie'n d6i phirong trmh (*) thanh (cosx .;;. sinxjsin'' 2x = 0

'1t kn:

+ Phuong tr'inh(*)c6nghi~m la x =-+k1t;x = -,ke Z.

. 4 2

c) (*) <=> (cosx +: sinx)(1-sinxcosx) = (cosx+ sinx)(cosx - sinx) <=> (cosx + sinx)(sinxcosx -- sinxcosx + 1) = 0

[COSX + sinx = 0 (1)

<=> sinx - cosx - sinxcosx + 1 = 0 (2)

1t

(1) <=> x =--+ k1t, k e Z. 4

GiiH (2):. D~t t = sinx - cosx ., -12sin( X - ~). It I ~-12. 12. (2) tr<'1 thanh : t -~+ 1 =o<=> e +2t+ 1 = 0 <=> t =-1 2

() ( [X = k21t

=> sin x·_ "t = -~ = sin.- 1t) <=> 31t. .k e Z.

4 -v2· 4' x = - + k21t

J 2

d)(*) <=> (1 + sin2x) + (sinx + cosx) +cos2x = 0

<=> (cosx + sinx)" + (sinx + cosx) + (cosx + sinx)(cosx ~ sinx) = 0

. [X=-~+k1t .

<=> (cosx + sinx)(2cosx + 1) = 0 <=> . ~1t ' k e Z.

X=±-· +k21t

3 .

e) Phuong trinh (*) urong dttdng phuong trlnh

(cosx - sin x) + (cos'x - sin2x)+ (cos'x - sin''x) + (cos'x - sin4x):= 0 <=> (cosx - sinx)[1 + 2(cosx + sinx) + 1 + cosxsinx]= 0

[COEX +sinx = 0, (1)

<=> 2(cosx + sinx) + cosxsinx + 2 = 0 (2)'

. 1t

+ (1) ee x = - + k1t, k E Z. , .. 4

+ D~t t = sin x + cosx, It I s fi.

t2 -1 2 [t =-1

(2) trd thanh:2t + -- +2 =0 <=> t + 4t + 3;:: 0 <=> 3 1 (1 i)

2 t=- <-. OIp

( 1t) 1 (1t) [X=-~+k21t

=>sin x+4' =-'fi, =sin-4'<=> . 2 ,kEZ.

. X = 1t+ k21t

f) (*) <=> (sinx + cosx)(l- sinxcosx) - (sinx+ cosx) - (sinx + COSX)2 = 0

, <=> (sinx + cosx)[I-sinxcosx -1-(sinx + cosx)] =0

97

[Sinx +' cosx = 0' (1)

.<=> sinx + cosx + sinxcosx = 0 (2)

2t

+ (l)<=>x=--+k2t,keZ. 4

+ GiiH (2). D~t t = sinx +.cosx == /isin( x +:). Itls/i.

2 [~ .

t -1 . t=-I+...,2

(2) trd thsnh: t+-. - =O<=> t2 +2t-l =O<=> .~ ..

2 t=-I-...,2 <-1 (loai)

='>sin(x+: )=1- ~ =sin~¢>[X =:: :+k2X . keZ.

. x =--<p+k22t ·4'

g) D~t t = s,in2x+ cos2~ = /i Sin( 2x + :). I~I s -Ii.

='>.' = sin'2x + co,'2x + 3( .' ; I}

(*) ..t. hA h l' 3 3(t2 -1)t .3(t2 -1)

tru t an: + t - = --'---'-

2 2

<=>e +3t2 -3t-5=0 <=>(t+l)(t2 +2t-5)=0:::>t=-1

( ). 1 ( . ) [x = - 2t + k2t

:::>sin 2x+! = - ~=sin-~ <=> . 2t 4. . ,k e Z.

4...,2 4 x = '- + k2t

. . 2 .

h). (*) <=> 3sinx - 4sin3x + 4 cos' X - 3cosx = cos2x( 1 + 2sin2x)

<=> 3(sinx - cosx) - 4(sin3x - cos' x)::: cos2x(1 + 2sin2x) (1) VT(1) = (sinx -cosx)[3-4(1 + sinxcosx)]

VP(I) = (cosx - sinx)(cosx + sinx)(1 + 2sin2x)

(1) <=> (sinx - cosx)(1 + 2sin2x)( -1 + cosx + sinx) = 0

r . 2t 2t

. . x=-+k2tv x=--+k2t

tanx e l 4 12

I l' 72t'

<=> s~n2(x = :2) 1 <=> x = ~ 2 + k2t V X = k22t

SID X + 4 = /i X = 2' + k22t

,keZ.

i) Di~u kien.cosx *' O.

(*) <=> 1- cos2x = (1- cosx)(1 + cosx + cos2x) 1- sin2x( 1- sinx)( 1 + sinx + sin2x)

<=> 1- cosx (1 + cosx + cos2 X 1 + cosx ) = 0 1- sinx 1 + sinx + sin2x 1 +- sinx

98

Nh6m4

BAi t~p 9. QUy ttdc goi phimng trlnh da cho IA (*)

a) (*) 6 sirr' ~ - cos" ~ ::I: (sin ~ + cOs~)(sin2 ~ + cos! ~)

. 2 2 22 2 2

x (. x x . 2 X 2 2 x) 0

<;::>cos- sm-cos-+sm -+ cos - =

2 2 2 2 2

[cos~=o

<;::> 2. .

sin~cos~+sin2~+2cos2~·=O (2)

2 2 2 2

+ (1) <;::> x = 1t + k21t,.k e Z.

+ Giii (2)

(1)

{cos~=o

• Khi ~= 1t +k1t<;::>x=1t+k21t,keZ<;::> .2. ~ VT(2)=I#-O

2 2 sin2~=1

.' - 2·

~ (2) khong c6 nghiem x = 1t + k21t, k e Z .

nencos~#-O ..

2

Chia hai vl cua (2) ChO~OS2 ~ #- 0 ta dttdc tan2 ~ + tan~ + 2 = 0

. 2' 2 2

(vO nghiem),

V~y nghiem cua phirong trlnh da cho lA x = 1t + k21t, k e Z.

b) Phuong trlnh (*) nrong dU'dng phirong trlnh

(cos2x +sin2x)3 -3cos2xsin2x(cos2x + sin2x) = 2(coss2x + sins2x) . <;::> (cos32x + sin32x)(cos22x+ sin22x) = 2(coss2x + sins2x)

<;::> (cos22x - sin2 2x)(cos32x -sin32x) = 0

<;::> cos22x - sin2 2x = 0 hojJc cos32x - sin3 2x = 0

1t k1t .

<;::> tan2x = ±1 <;::> x = ±- + -r k e Z. 8 2

Nh6m5

BAi t.P 10. Quy ttdc goi phirong trlnh ita cho lA (*)

a) + Th!y (*) c6 nghiem x = k1t, k e Z.

+ N6u x #- kz.k e Z, ta nh4n haiv6 cua (*) cho sinx ta dtt<;1c: 5sin3xsinx = 3sin5xsinx

99

. ~ ~(cos2x -cos4x)=~(cos4x -cos6x)

2 2

~ 5( ccs2x - 2cos2 2x + 1) = 3(2cos2 2x -1- 4cos3 2x + 3cos2x)

<=> 5( 1- cos2x)( 1 + 2cos2x)= 3(1- cos2x)( 4eos2 2x + 2eos2x -1) ~ 1'2cos2 2x -4cos2x ~ 8 = ° (do cos2x :t: 1 )

2 1 (2J' ,

~ cos2x = -- ~ x = i-arccos -- + kz, k E Z.

. 3 2 3

V~y nghiem cua phirong trlnh (*) la x = kz; x = ± ~ arccos( - ~ ) + k7t.

b) + Thi'y (*) khong e6 nghiem x = k7t, k E Z

+ Ta nhan hai v~ cua (*) cho 16sinx *- 0, ta dl1<je: 16sinxcosxeos2xcos4xcos8x = sinx

~ 8sin2xcos2xeos4xcos8x = sinx ~ 4sin4xeos4xcos8x = sinx

. 16', k27t h 1th21t (k h Z)

ce sm x=s1ox~x=-. oaex=-+- ,E

15 . 17 17

k21t 15m 'm m

+ -=mn:'~k=,--=7m+-. VImEZ=>-=pEZ=>k=15p

15 2 2 2

1t h21t 17n -1 n-l

+ -' +--=n1t~h:=;; =8n+--

17 17 2 2

n-1

VI n e Z=>-2- =q ~ Z'=> h =8(2q +l')+q =17q + 8

[X =2p1t '

V~y nghiem cua phuong trlnh (*) la x = ~ + (l7q + 8)21t

17 17

( vdi k *- 15p. h *- 17q + 8 (p, q E Z »

) (*) . 5x '5 2 .: ' x (1)

c ~s1o-= cos xcosxsm+

2 2

• V di ~ = 1t + k1t, k E Z ~ X = 1t + k21t, k E Z ~ {C~s~ = -11 ' ,

2 2 ' sin -=± '

. . 2

VP( 1) = ±5 #; VT(1) = ±1 =.:> (*) khong co nghiem x = 1t + k21t, k E Z.

+ Vdi x*' 7t + k21t, k E Z, nhAn hai v~ cua (*) cho 2cosI *- 0, ta diroc:

2· 5x x 5 3 • ' s1o- cos- = cos xs10x

2 2

~ sin3x + sin2x= 5cos3xsinx ¢:> 3sinx - 4sin3x + 2sinxcosx = Scos''xsinx ¢:> sinx[~ - 4( 1- cos'x) +,2cosx - 5CO~3X] = 0

¢:> sinx(cosx -1)(5cos2x + cosx -1) = 0

¢:> [Si~X = 0_1 ±.J2I ~ [X = k+21t (,10(~1,~ ~: Et)21t)k2 ,k E Z.

cosx = x = _arccos + . 1t

10 10'

100

; "

Nh6m6 BAi t~p 11. Cach1

20 - m)sinx _. 2(m + 2)cosx + m2 + 5 = 0 (*)

~ rn2 -- 2(sinx + cosx)m + 5 + 2sinx -4cosx = 0 (1)

~' = (sinx + COSX)2 -(5 + 2sinx -4cosx) = 2(cosx -1)(sinx + 2):s;; 0 (Ij co nghiem ~ A' = 0 eecosx = 1 ~ sinx == 0

(1) trCl than h : m 2 - 2m + 1 = 0 ~ rn = 1

V~y :

• m = 1: (*) c6 nghiem x :;: k27t, k e Z .

• rn * 1 : (*) VO nghiem.

Cach2

(*) co nghiem ~ [2(1- m)]2 + [2(rn + 2)f ;;:: (rn2 + 5)2 ee m" +2rn~ -8rn+5:S;;O

~ (rn _1)2 (rn2.+2rn + 5):S;; 0 ¢::> m = 1

>0, 'ltm'

V~y: • m = 1: (*) c6 nghiem x = k27t, k e Z . • rn * 1: (*) vo nghiem,

BAi t~p 12 .. Quy ltdc goi phirong trlnh ~a cho III (*)

8) (*) ~ 2tos2x + (4sinx -7)eosx _. 2sinx + 3 = 0 (I) D~t t = cosx, It I s 1.

(1) trCl thanh: 2t2 + (4sinx - 7)t .; 2sinx + 3 = 0 (2) ~ = (4sinx -7i -8( -2sinx + 3) = (4sinx _5)2

[ 1 . [ 7t .

t = - eosx ::: cos- 7t .

(2) ~ 2 ~ 3 ee x =±-+k27t, k eZ.

t = 3 - 2sinx 2sinx -+- cosx» 3 3

(2sinx + cosx = 3 vo nghiem vi 22 + 12.;: 32 )

b) (*) ~ 9sinx + 6cosx - 6sinxcosx + 1- 2si~2X :;: 8

<:::> 2sin2x + 3(2cosx - 3)sinx + 7 - 6eosx= 0 (l) A = [3(2cosx - 3)f - 8(7 - 6cosx) = (6cosx - 5)2

[Sinx = 1 7t

(1") ~ 2' 6 7 ~ x =-+k27t, keZ.

SlDX + eosx = . 2

( do 2sinx + 6eosx = 7 vo nghiem vi 22 + 62 < 72 )

c) Di~u ki~n : x * k7t, k e Z.

(*) ~ (2 - 2wsx)sin2x - 2sinx + 2cosx = 0 (1) ~'= 1-(2 - 2cosx)2cosx = (2eosX: _1)2

101

Vay (1) ¢> [s~nx = 1 eosx

. s~nx=--~

. 1-eosx

n

(2) ¢> x =-+ k2n, k E Z.

2 .

(3) ¢> sinx - eosx - sinxeosx = 0 Giai (4)

D~t t = sinx - eosx = v'2sin( x - =). It I s v'2. 1 t2

(4) tr(}th~nh: t ---- = 0 ¢> t2 + 2t -1 = 0 ~ t = -1 +v'2

2

(2)

(3)

(4)

[X = qJ+~+ k2n .

~ Sin( x - :) = 1- .i2 = sinqJ ¢> 5n 4 . " k E Z.

x=--qJ+k2n .

4 .

Vb nghiem eua phl1d~g trlnh (*) IA x :;: ~ + k2n; x :;: qJ +~. + k2n;

521:' .

x =--qJ+k21t,k e Z. 4

d) Phuong trmh (*) nrong d\tdng phuong trinh

(sinx + ..J3eosx)2 - (1 + 2sinx)(sinx + .J3cosx) - zd - 2sinx) = 0 (1) DJt t = sirix + .J3cosx.

ft =2

.(1) tr~ thanh t2 -(1 +Zsinx)t -2(1-2sinx):;: 0 ¢:) .

. -. t = 2sinx -1 (3)

(2)

( n) n .

(2) ¢:) sin x + 3" :: 1 ¢:) x ="6 + lc2n, k E Z.

(3) ¢:) sinx + .J3eosx = ~s~ -1 ¢> sinx - .J3cosx = 1 ¢:) Sin( x - ; ) = ~

n 7n

¢:> x =-+k2nhoic x =-+lc271(k e Z).

2' . 6

.' . . .n n 7n

V4y nghiem (*) II x =-+k2n;x =-+k2n;x =-+k21t, k e Z .

. 6 2 6 .

{OSXS4

e) E>i~u kien: y e R

(*) ¢> 4[3"4X _x2 .1-coix + y) +2eos(x +y)] = 13 +4cos2(x + y)

_"'102

~ 4cos2(x + y)-2(4-3~4x _X2 )COS(X +y)-(6.J4x--x2 -13)=0 f)~t u = cos (x + y), luI $1. Ta cophimng trinh:

4u2 -2(4-3~4x-X2)U-(6"4x-X2 -13)=0(1)

~~ =-(3x-6i!\;;0

fx =2E[0;4], . , {X'=2E[O;4J

(Ij co nghiem ~ . 4-3~4x-X2 ~ . 1

t u =co,(>: +y) = 4·· cos(2+y)= ~2

{X =2 _

<=> 2n .k E Z.

y = ±-- -2 + k:21t

3 _

Nh6m7

..

Bai t3p 13. Quy U'dc goi phuong trinh da cho IA (*)

a)(*) ee cosx(2cos22x -1+2)+ cos2x.cos3x = 0

<=> cos2x(2cosxcos2x + 4cos3x - 3cosx) + cosx = 0 <=> cosx(2cos22x + 4cos2xcos2x - 3cos2~ .; 1) = 0

<=> cosx[2cos22x+ 2(1 +cos2x)cos2x -3cos2,( + 1] = 0

. 1t

<=> cosx( 4cos2 2x - cos2x + 1) = 0 <=> x = - + k:n, k E Z.

~----v-----J- . 2

. V6nghltm

{COS2X *0

'b) f)i~u kien: cosex e 0

, sin4xcos4x ;I: 0

, VP(*) =_ 1 _ cos4x = 1- cos2 4x = tan4x .

-~-- sin4xcos4x sin4x· sin4xcos4x

-(*) <=> 3tan6x - 2tan2x = tan4x

<=> 2(tan6x - tan2x) + (tan6x - tan4x) = 0

2sin4x --sin2x

<=> + = 0 <=> 2sin4xcos4x + sin2xcos2x = 0

cosexcoszx cos6xc0s4x .

<=> Sin4X( 2cos4x +~) = 0 <=> X = ±±arcco{:-±)+ ~1t .k E Z. (do sin4x ;I: 0)

103

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