This document describes an experiment investigating the relationship between the length of a simple pendulum and its period of oscillation. The procedure involved measuring the time for 20 oscillations of pendulums of varying lengths and calculating the period. The results showed the period increased as length increased, and a graph of period squared versus length produced a straight line through the origin, confirming the theoretical relationship between these variables defined by the equation T2 = 4π2L/g. Analysis of the data yielded the local value of gravitational acceleration as 9.82 m/s2. Sources of error in the experiment are identified.
This document describes an experiment investigating the relationship between the length of a simple pendulum and its period of oscillation. The procedure involved measuring the time for 20 oscillations of pendulums of varying lengths and calculating the period. The results showed the period increased as length increased, and a graph of period squared versus length produced a straight line through the origin, confirming the theoretical relationship between these variables defined by the equation T2 = 4π2L/g. Analysis of the data yielded the local value of gravitational acceleration as 9.82 m/s2. Sources of error in the experiment are identified.
This document describes an experiment investigating the relationship between the length of a simple pendulum and its period of oscillation. The procedure involved measuring the time for 20 oscillations of pendulums of varying lengths and calculating the period. The results showed the period increased as length increased, and a graph of period squared versus length produced a straight line through the origin, confirming the theoretical relationship between these variables defined by the equation T2 = 4π2L/g. Analysis of the data yielded the local value of gravitational acceleration as 9.82 m/s2. Sources of error in the experiment are identified.
This document describes an experiment investigating the relationship between the length of a simple pendulum and its period of oscillation. The procedure involved measuring the time for 20 oscillations of pendulums of varying lengths and calculating the period. The results showed the period increased as length increased, and a graph of period squared versus length produced a straight line through the origin, confirming the theoretical relationship between these variables defined by the equation T2 = 4π2L/g. Analysis of the data yielded the local value of gravitational acceleration as 9.82 m/s2. Sources of error in the experiment are identified.
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APPLIED MECHANICS
SIMPLE PENDULUM
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(Sep-Dec 2015)
Introduction: There is a hypothesis says "The longer the length of a simple pendulum, the longer would be the period of oscillations". In this experiment, we're going to investigate this supposition and find out the relationship between the length of the pendulum and period of oscillation.
Procedure: i) Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure above. A small brass or bob was attached to the thread. The thread was held by a clamp of the retort stand. ii) The length of the thread, l was measured by a meter rule, starting with 100.0 cm. The bob of the pendulum was displaced and released. iii) The time for 20 complete oscillations, t was taken using the stop watch. Calculate the period of oscillation by using, T = t / 20
iv) The experiment was repeated using different lengths such as 90.0 cm. 80.0 cm, 70.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 50.0 cm and 40.0 cm. vi) Repeat steps (I IV).
Results and Discussion:
T 2
n g L
Period of vibration,
100 90 80 70 60 50 40
t1
t2
taverage
41.25 39.00 36.70 34.50 31.60 29.40 26.90
41.25 39.00 36.70 34.50 31.60 29.40 26.50
41.25 39.00 36.70 34.50 31.60 29.40 26.70
Time (s)
Length (cm) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
t1
t2
taverage
41.20 38.80 36.70 34.50 31.60 29.40 26.90
41.21 39.00 36.70 34.50 31.60 29.40 26.50
41.22 39.85 36.70 34.50 31.60 29.40 26.70
Periods: 100: n = (9.81/1)1/2
Period of Oscillatio ns T
Time (s)
Length (cm)
2 T 2 4 L
100= 3.132 rad/sec
90:
n = (9.81/0.9)1/2 90= 3.302 rad/sec
80:
n = (9.81/0.8)1/2 80= 3.502 rad/sec
70:
n = (9.81/0.7)1/2 70= 3.744 rad/sec
60:
n = (9.81/0.6)1/2 60= 4.044 rad/sec
50:
n = (9.81/0.5)1/2 50= 4.430 rad/sec
T2
2 1.9 1.79 1.68 1.55 1.41 1.26 Period of Oscillatio ns T
4.02 3.62 3.22 2.82 2.41 1.99 1.59
2 1.9 1.79 1.68 1.55 1.41 1.26
4.02 3.62 3.22 2.82 2.41 1.99 1.59
T2
40:
n = (9.81/0.4)1/2 40= 4.952 rad/sec
T2 vs L graph
The times taken to achieved twenty oscillations was
almost the same in both experiences. This indicated that the pendulum mass doesnt have anything to do with the pendulum motion. Gradient: m =
y 2 y 1 x 2x 1
3.623.22 9080
2 T 2 4 L
Gravitational acceleration: g.T2 = 42.L
g = (42.L) (T2)
0.4 10
g = [ 4(484/49) 1 ]/ 4.02 g = 9.82 m/s2 Limitations: -
The length of the pendulum was measured before it was fixed, the difference in mm might have occurred, e.g. we measured 90cm but we're not sure, so it's 90 0.2. so it was a personal problem. Another limitation was the reading equipments like the stop watch which was a normal watch but anyhow it was accurate even though some people didnt get symmetric timings.
Conclusion: The length of simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square of the period of oscillations. T2 is directly proportional to L (the straight line graph passing through the origin).
