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THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS

FLORA
OP

BRITISH INDIA.

Dates of Publication of

the Several

Parts of

this

Part IV. pp. 1-240, was published May 1876.

V. pp. 241-496,

July 1878.

VI. pp. 497 to end

May

1879.

Volume.

v.

V * /

f%A.0i
THE

L^i

FLORA OF BRITISH

INDIA.

BY

SIR

J.
M.D.,

D.

HOOKEK,

F.R.S.,

D.C.L.

C.B.,

K.C.S.I.

OXON., LL.D. CANTAB.

CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OF THK

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

VOL.

II.

SAB I ACE M TO CORNACEM.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR

INDIA IN COUNCIL.

LONDON:
L,

RE EVE &

CO., 5

HENRIETTA STREET, CO VENT GARDEN.

1879.

LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY O^ CALIFORNIA

PRINTED BT
LONDON
SPOTT1SWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
AND PARLIAMENT STREET
:

;;

ADDENDA.
P. 307.

Under Tribe

III.

Spiraeas,

insert

Seeds linear, testa membranous, albumen scanty or

Seeds turgid, testa crustaceous, albumen copious

P. 326.

Before

8.

Rubus,
7*.

insert

7.

Spirjea.

7*. Neiixia.

NEIZ.Z.XA, Don.

Perennial shrubs.
Leaves alternate, simple
stipules large, deciduous.
Flowers raceined or panicled, white.
Calyx persistent; tube campanulate
Stamens 10 or more. Disc lining the calyx-tube. Carpels
lobes 5.
Petals 5.
1-5, free or connate ventrally ; ovules few or many.
Follicles coriaceous or
membranous. Seeds few or many, turgid testa crustaceous, albumen copious.
Distrib. Species 4 or 5, natives of the Himalaya, Java, N.E. Asia, and N.
;

America.
1. If. thyrsiflora, Don Prodr. 228; stipules usually serrate, racemes
slender panicled, bracteoles usually toothed, calyx silky. DC. Prodr. ii. 546
Wall. Cat. 698 ; Hook. f. fy Thorns, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75. N. virgata,
Wall. Cat. 7108.
Adenilema fallax, Plume Pijd. 1121.

Central and Eastern Temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-8000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt.
5-7000 ft. Distrib. Java.
A large shrub, with drooping slender leafy branches. Leaves 2 by 1| in., ovatecordate, 3-lobed

lobes shallow, acute, sharply irregularly toothed or serrate.

Panicles

3-8 in. Flowers shortly pedicelled. Calyx-tube \ in., base roundel lobes shorter
than the tube, lanceolate, acute, in fruit often clothed with long rigid gland-tipped
bristles.
Petals small, white, oblong or obcordate.
Fruit inclosed in the calyx, of 1
;

carpel.
2.

N. rubiflora, Don

Prodr. 229 racemes solitary or shortly panicled,

and bracteoles usually quite entire, calyx tomentose. DC. Prodr. ii.
Hook. f. Sf Thorns, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75 Wall. Cat. 697.
;

stipules

547

Central and Eastern Temperate Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim,

ft., J.

alt.

8-10,000

D. H.

.Very similar to N. thyrsiflora in foliage, but leaves usually more deeply lobed
inflorescence always much snorter, petals larger, and calyx tomentose.

9619 O

FLOKA OF BEITISH INDIA.

Errata

Hydrangea altissima

P. 404.
413.
415.

Crassula

indic.a

Kalanchoe
1.

445.

585.

has

is

a scandent tree (J. D. H.)

the'steTft-le'aWJy alternate.

brasiliensis

should include K. olivacea, Dalz. in

Bomb. Fl. 313.

Stamens 5 in some flowers, 10

Dalz.

417,

in Vol. II. Pt. III.

Gibs.

in others (W. B. Hemsley).

3.
Terminalia belerica should include T. attenuata, Edgw. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 46.
Epilobium Hookeri published as E. trichoneurum, Hauskn. in
O.str. Bot. Zeit. 1879.

607,

622.
631.

1.

38, under T. multiloba, in place of only half-way

very rarely only half-way down.

down read

Add Bryonia

dioica, Jacq. collected in Lahul by Dr. Aitchison.

For Thladiantha dubia, Bunge read T. calcarata, C. B. Clarke
(Momordica calcarata, Colebr).
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 126

The Indian

T. calcarata

has fenestrate

fruit,

thus differing

from the Japanese T. dubia. The confusion has

arisen under Bot. Mag. t. 5469, which represents the plant

specifically

of T. dubia but the fruit of T. calcarata (Cogniaux).

Begonia fallax. The type specimen of this species, lately
found in Wight's private Herbarium, is B. malabarica, Lamk.
705, 1. 5. The Kumaon plant collected by Strachey and WinterHence Pleurospermum
bottom is Trachydium Roylei.
613.

stellatum
of Eoyle.

is

known (very imperfectly) only by the example

The plant described as Var Lindleyana is a
.

very doubtful whether

same as Royle's (W. B. Hemsley).

different species, but

it

is

it is

the

Hooker's Flora of India, Pt. VII.

campanula^

S.
Wall in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed, Carey, ii.
,
311; Cat
2; leaves oblong acuminate puberulous base acute, petals
el iptic nerved'
nents subulate much shorter than the
1.

petals.

Brandts, For. Flor. 116.

rEMPERATE HiMAtATA from Simla,

^climbing shrub Leaves 2-4 by
;

ces

nerves reticulate.

alt.

5000

f-1*

Peduncles 1-2

in.,
in.,

ft.,

Hook. Jf.

& T* Fllndi
*

to Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft

membranous puberulous on both

subclavate. Flowers
f in. diam

FLOKA OF BEITISH INDIA.

Order XLV.

SABIACEiE.

(By

J.

D. Hooker.)

Climbing or erect shrubs or erect trees, glabrous or with simple hairs

Leaves alternate, exstipulate, simple or compound. Floicers small or minute
Calyx 4-5-partite, imbricate
hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually panicled.
Petals 4-5, equal or unequal, opposite or alternate with the sepals, imbricate
Disk usually small, annular. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals, inserted at the
base of or on the disk, all perfect or two only perfect and three without anthers t
filaments clavate, flattened or subulate ; anthers didymous, cells distant bursting
Ovary 2-3-celled, compressed or 2-3-lobed
transversely or by a deciduous cap.
ovules 1-2 in each cell
styles 2-3, tree or connate or 0, stigmas punctiform
Ripe carpels 1-2, dry or fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds compressed or globose,
basilar, hilum broad, testa membranous or coriaceous, albumen 0; embryo
Distrib.
rarious, cotyledons often contorted, radicle deflexed.
small chiefly
[ndian order, with 4 genera and about 35 species.
;

Stamens 4-5, all perfect and equal

Stamens 5, very unequal

1.

SABIA,

1.

Sabia.

2.

Meliosma.

Ooleb.

Climbing or sarmentose shrubs ; branches with the bud-scales persistent at

Floivei-s axillary, solitary, cymose or
Leaves quite entire.
heir bases.
lanicled, usually hermaphrodite, 2-bracteate; bracts, calyx, corolla, stamens
Petals 4r-6, with transparent
Calyx 4-5-partite.
nd carpels all opposite.
Disk annular, 4-5-lobed.
Stamens 4-5,
ines, green, purplish or yellow.
Carpels 2, rarely
aserted at the base of the disk ; anthers extrorse or introrse.
erect, terminal, cohering slightly ; ovules 2 in
, cohering slightly ; styles 2,
ach carpel, collateral or superposed, horizontal. Pipe-carpels 1 or 2, gibbous,
Seed reniform, testa coriaceous,
71th a subbasal style, dry or drupaceous.
otted ; embryo curved, cotyledons straight or incurved flat rugose or undulate,
Distrib. About 10 species, natives of tropical and temidicle cylindric.
erate India.
* Peduncles \-Jlowered.

S. campanulata, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 311; Cat.
D02 ; leaves oblong acuminate puberulous base acute, petals elliptic nerved,
Hook. f. fy T. Fl. Ind. i.
laments subulate much shorter than the petals.
39 ; Brandts, Foi\ Flor. 116.
1.

Temperate Himalaya

from Simla, alt. 5000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft.

Leaves 24 by f-1-2 in., membranous, puberulous on both
nerves reticulate. Peduncles 1-2 in., subclavate. Flowers in. diam.,
;

climbing shrub.

irfaces,

VOL.

II.

xlv. SABiACEiE.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Sepals orbicular.
Bttbglobose or campanulate, green.
persistent after flowering.
Anthers extrorso. Drupes

[Sabia*

Petals i- long, enlarging and

2j?

in.,

pale bhu>, orbicular!

compressed.
2. S. leptandra, Hook. f. S> T. FL Ind. i. 209; leaves elliptic or
oblong acuminate glabrous base rounded, petals elliptic-oblong obtuse, fila-

ments elongate.
Sikkim Himalaya

alt.

5-7000,

ft.

J.

D. H.

shrub. Leaves thinly coriaceous, very variable in size and usually 3-4 by I-I5
rarely 6 by 3 in., beautifully reticulated between the few oblique nerves.
Peduncles 1-2 in.
Sepals 5, rounded.
Flowers campanulate, greenish-purple.
Petals i in. long, punctate.
Filaments ligulate, anthers extrorse. Drupe as in
in.,

&

campamdata.
* Flowers in 5- or more-Jloivered

cymes or panicles.

T. FL Ind. i. 209; leaves oblong longf.

acuminate base usually rounded young puberulous, cymes 3-5-nowered, petalsacute, filaments broadly subulate.
S. parviflora, Wall. Cat. 1001, in part.
3.

S. purpurea, Hook.

Khasia Mts. alt. 4-6000 ft. Wallich, etc.

Leaves 2-3 by ^-1 in., often 6 by 2\ in. on the
;

flowerless branches, glabrous,

thinly coriaceous nerves oblique, uniting far within the margin. Peduncles long,
irregularly branched.
Flowers small, purplish.
Sepals ovate, subacute.
Petals
Drupe as in S. campamdata.
ovate-lanceolate, 5 -nerved.
;

4.

oblong

S. malabarica, Bedd, Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 177; leaves ellipticacuminate margins waved base rounded, cymes very short 2-6-

fiowered, petals elliptic obtuse, filaments subulate.

"Western Peninsula

Anamallay

hills, alt.

3-4000

ft.,

Beddome.

climbing shrub, quite glabrous. Lmves 3-5 by 1-lf in., thinly coriaceous,
pale, margin cartilaginous; nerves many, spreading, much reticulated beneath;
petiole ^-1 in.
Peduncle \-^ in. Flowers
in. diam.
Sepals small, ovate, acute,
Petals glabrous.
Stamens shorter than the petals.
Fdaments slender.
ciliate.
Anthers didymous, cells diverging.
Ovules subcollateral. Drupe in., reniform,
Beddome figures the petals as connate at the base.
reticulated.

S. parviflora, Wall,

in Rovb. Fl.Ind.e4. Carey, ii. 310; Cat. 1001,

part; leaves ovate or oblong acuminate margins waved, cymes dichotomous
7-11-nowered, stamens unequal. Hook. f. cy T. FL hid. i. 210.
5.

Subtropical and Temperate Himalaya from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft.
A climbing shrub; branches very slender, tips puberulous. Leaves 2-4 by
f-l in., thinly coriaceous, glabrpus, pale beneath, nerves almost horizontal. Bracts
minute, ciliate. Flowers minute. Sepals ovate, ciliate. Petals narrowly oblong,
Filaments ligulate. Drupe ~-^ in., obovoid, oblong or subglobose stone
5-nerved.
;

compressed.

S. lanceolata,

Colebrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 355 t. 14

oblong-lanceolate base acute or obtuse, cymes long-peduncled corymWall, in
bose many-flowered, petals ovate-lanceolate, stamens included.
Boxb. FL Ind. ed, Carey, ii. 309 ; Cat. 999 ; Blame Mus. Bot. 368 ; Hook,
f. ey T. FL Ind, i. 210.
G.

leaves

Kit asia Mrs., Silhet and Assam, from the sea level to 4000 ft.
A climbing shrub. Leaves 4-7 by l|-2 in., shining above, glaucous beneath,
thinly coriaceous, nerves nearly horizontal, petiole J- in. Peduncles 1^-2 in.,
Flowers greenish, sweet-scented. Sepals ovate,
slender, sometimes supra-axillary.
Filaments subulate. Anthers introrse. Drupe in ,
Petals i in., subacute.
acute.
pulpy, blue stone rugose, compressed.
;

;;

xlv. sabiaceje.

Scibia."]

7. S. limoniacea, Wall.
or acuminate thickly coriaceous,
stamens included. Hook. f. fy
9015 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 423 ; Ic.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Cat. 1000 ; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute

panicles long glabrous, petals broadly oblong,
Celastrinea, Wall. Cat.
T. Fl. Ind. i. 210.
PI. As. t. 668 f. 2.

Tropical Sixkim, Bhotan, and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 3000 ft.
Assam and Chittagong.
A lofty climber. Leaves 3-7 by l- 2 in., base rounded or acute, much reticulate
when dry nerves oblique, incurved. Panicles reddish, quite glabrous, axillfiry or a
Flowers minute,
little supra-axillary, with persistent bud-scales at their bases.
Silhet,

Sepals orbicular.

yellowish.

Filaments fleshy, incurved.

Petals

in.,

shortly clawed, obovate, 5-nerved, fleshy.

S. men(scota, Bl.

This approaches the Javanese

8..S. paniculata, Fdgw. in Hook. f. Sf T. Fl. Ind. i. 211; branches

glabrous, leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acute coriaceous base rounded
or acute, panicles long pilose, petals oblong, stamens included. Brandis For.
Flor. 117.
in Kumaon and Garwhal, ascending to 3000 ft.
Leaves 5-8 by 1^-3 in., glabrous, young puberulous, much
reticulate
nerves oblique, arched. Sepals elliptic, 1 -nerved, densely hairy. Petals
3^_l in., oblong, subacute, 3-5-nerved.
Filaments ligulate.
Drupes \ in. diam.,
usually solitary, orbicular, compressed.

Subtropical

Western Himalaya

Branches glabrous.
;

S. tomentosa, Hook.

branches and nerves of leaves beneath

very short, panicles
branched many-flowered and glabrous, petals linear-oblong, stamens included.
9.

tomentose, leaves

/.

elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acute, petiole

Upper Assam? alt. 3500 ft., Griffith.

Branches slender, the younger clothed with soft spreading hairs, as are the petioles.
Leaves 2| by 1 in., rather coriaceous, bullate between the spreading nerves, which are
Panicle much branched, manypetiole
in.
very prominent and hairy beneath
Flowers
flowered, peduncle puberulous; branches and pedicels slender, glabrous.
jz in. diam. Filaments ligulate, shorter than the petals. Fruit didymous, of two
obovoid diverging rugose subcompressed carpels, each nearly | in. long. The only
specimen I have seen has but two leaves, and is remarkable for its very short petioles
and tomentum. There is no habitat on the ticket, which resembles those of Griffith's
journey from Upper Assam to Birma. It contains the following inscription
"Sabia sp., fructibus subrotundis. 15. Alt. 3500."
;

10. S. viridissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 304;
glabrous, leaves obovate- to elliptic-lanceolate acuminate membranous, petiole
^| in., panicles lax, style 3-fid, stigma curved.

Andaman

Islds.,

Kurz.

Leaves 6-8 in., acuminate at both ends. Flowers small, white, pedicels \ in., slender,
thickened above. Sepals glabrous, ovate, obtuse. Petals almost in. long. Stigmas
horse-shoe shaped. Fruit unknown. I know nothing of this species beyond Kurz's

description.

2.

XHEXiXOSltXA, Blume.

(Millingtonia, Koxb., Wellikgtonia, Meissn.)

Trees or shrubs, usually pubescent or tomentose. Leaves simple or odd-pinnate ] leaflets subopposite, the terminal rarely wanting. Floivers in branched
terminal or terminal and axillary panicles, small or minute, hermaphrodite
bracts caducous. Bracteoles and sepals 5-9, persistent, forming an uninterrupted
whorl round the much larger petals, outer smaller.
Petals 5 3 large, nearly
orbicular, valvate, or imbricate ; 2 smaller, interior, placed behind the fertile
;

b2

;;

xlv. SABiACEiE.

.4

(J.

D. Hooker.)

SWY7,.
[Meliosma

stamens, either membranous and nearly free, or reduced to a "bifid scale adnate
to the filament.
Stamens 5 ; 2 fertile, opposite the smaller petals, filament
short, flattened, incurved, expanded at the top into a cup, which bears two globose cells that burst transversely, springing back elastically ; 3 deformed, broad,
opposite the larger petals, 2-fid with 2 empty cells, together forming a cup over
the pistil. Disk cupular or annular, with 2-5 simple or toothed teeth.
Ovary
sessile, 2- rarely 3-celled, contracted into a simple or 2-partible style, stigma simple ; ovules 2 in each cell. Ih'upe small, oblique, subglobose ; stone crustaceous, 1celled, with usually a basilar rounded projection, over which the seed is
curved. Seed globose, testa membranous; cotyledons conduplicate, radicle
incurved. Disteib. Species about 20, natives of Tropical Asia and the Malay

Archipelago, with a very few S. America.

* Leaves simple.
t Leaves serrate-toothed

(see also 3.

M. Wightii and

BX. dillenisefolia, Wall. mss. (Millingtonia)

4.

M.

simplicifolia).

leaves obovate or oblanceolate coarsely spinulose-toothed pubescent or tomentose beneath, panicles

lax slender, flowers pedicelled, sepals and bracteoles ciliate, petals membranBrandis For. Flor. 115 ; Wt. 8f Am. in Ed. New Phil.
ous, inner orbicular.
Journ., 1833, 179; Wt. HI. i. 144 (Millingtonia) ; Millingtonia, Wall. Cat. 8116.
1.

Temperate Himalaya; from Simla,

alt. 4-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft.

Japan.
small
20 ft. ; branches, petioles, and panicles covered with soft rusty
pubescence.
Leaves 6-12 by 3-5 in., membranous, cuspidate-acuminate, narrowed into the petiole ; nerves very many, parallel, ending in marginal teeth. Panicle
as long as the leaves or longer, spreading, lax-flowered bracts broad, deciduous
pedicels very short ; flowers white.
Drupe globose, | in. diam., sometimes didymous.
This is very near indeed to the Japan M. myriantha Sieb. & Zucc, which is just
distinguishable by the persistent subulate bracts. "Wallich's 8116 seems to be a young
state of this, with large leaves glabrous beneath.

Distbib.
A

tree,

(Millingtonia) ; leaves ob2. SI. pungrens, Wall.

Cat. 8114 E,
lanceolate caudate-acuminate coarsely serrate glabrous or puberulous beneath,
flowers sessile glomerated, sepals and bracteoles about 7 all suborbicular ciliate, petals membranous.
Brandis For. Flor. 116, M. acuminata, Boyle III.
139. M. integrifolia, Wall. Cat. 8114
in part (Millingtonia).
M. rigida and
M. ferruginea, Sieb. fy Zucc. (in Kerb. Hook.)

Subtropical and Temperate Himalaya alt. 3-8000 ft., from Marri to Nipal.
Distrib. Japan.
small tree
branches, petioles, and panicles clothed with rusty pubescence.
Leaves 5-9 in. by 2-3 in., very coriaceous, narrowed into the petiole, almost spinulose
serrate, apex long quite entire
nerves stout, ascending, very prominent beneath
petiole ;^1 in.
Panicle often much larger than the leaves, spreading, erect ; flowers
densely fascicled on the ultimate branchlets, larger than in M.dilleniafoliaov simpliciDrupe in. diam. globose. The Japanese specimens have usually longer
folia.
petioles, but I find no other difference.
The densely glomerate larger flowers at once
distinguishes this from M. simplicifolia.
The M. integrifolia Wall. Herb, under
8114 G-. consists of one specimen of this with nearly entire leaves, and one of M.
simplicifolia, both from Nipal.
;

ft Leaves quite

entire, or subserrate

when young

only.

Planch, in Herb. Hook; leaves coriaceous obovate

elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate shortly acuminate glabrous or pubescent beneath, flowers sessile glomerate, sepals and bracteoles about 9 broad ciliate
the outer pubescent on the back petals membranous. Brandis For. Flor. 116
(under M. pungens). Millingtonia simplicifolia, Wall. Cat. 8114 A. M. pungens,
3.

TNI.

Wightii,

;;

xlv. sabiace^.

Meliosma.~\
Wall.

Wt.

Wight

Ic.

El. Sylv.

t.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Phil. Journ. 1833, 178 ; W. # A. Prodr. 116

Thwaites Enum. 59 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 77 ; Bedd.

Arn. in Ed. Neio

8f

964, 3

Man.

77.

Western Peninsula

from the Concan

5-7000 ft.
Very similar to M. pungens, and perhaps
is more robust, the leaves usually broader in
quite entire, often more oblong-elliptic, with
;

southwards.

Ceylon, Central Province,

alt.

only a form of that plant but the habit

proportion, less tapered to the base, and
rarely a caudate apex, and if toothed the
teeth are less spinulose the flowers are of the same size, and similarly aggregated
the fruit also appears to be of the same size.
;

M.

simplicifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 103 ; Cor. Fl. t. 254 (Millingtoleaves membranous obovate oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate quite entire or toothed when young glabrous or pubescent beneath, flowers sessile
distinct, sepals and bracteoles about 6 ciliate outer narrow hairy on the
4.

nia)

Wall. Cat. 8114 B, C, D;

$ A. Prodr. 115 (Millingtonia) ; M.
Wall. Cat. 8114
(Millingtonia); Thwaites Enum. 59; Griff.
Notul. iv. 162 ; Ic. PI. As. t. 442 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 77.

back.

integrifolia,

Tropical Himalaya Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ft. J. H. B. Bhotan

Khasia Mts. ascending to 3000 ft. Assam, Sylhet, Tenasserim at Mergui,
Ceylon, common up
Griffith ; Western Peninsula, in subalpine forests, Beddome.
to an elevation of 3000 ft. Distrib. Java ?
A large tree branchlets and petioles puberulous, panicles pubescent. Leaves 6--16
by 4-7 in., narrowed into the petiole, young sometimes obtusely toothed, usually
membranous, shortly acuminate, glabrous or puberulous beneath, with strong raised
nerves petiole \-2 in. Panicle often longer than the leaves, sometimes leafy, or
panicles in the upper axil branches slender. Flowers much smaller than in M. Wightii,
not glomerated, more hairy on the bracts and sepals, which are much more acute.
Fruit about in. diam. Miquel gives this as a native of Java, but I have seen no
specimen from Java exactly according with it. I have seen no Western Peninsula
specimens of this, but Beddome says it is' common on the Ghats, about 2-3000 ft.
elevation, above which its place is taken by M. pungens (Wightii).
Griffith

BE. elliptica, Hook.

f. ; leaves coriaceous elliptic acuminate at both

quite entire densely rufous pubescent or tomentose beneath, panicle
densely tomentose, flowers sessile distinct, sepals and bracteoles 3-6, orbicular
very coriaceous subciliate, petals very coriaceous subvalvate.
Sabia? flori*"
bunda, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 521.

5.

ends

Malacca,

A tree ?

Griffith,

Maingay ; Sincapore, Lobb.

branchlets, petioles, leaves beneath and panicles clothed with very soft
rusty dense almost velvety tomentum.
Leaves 3-7 by l-3 in., glabrous except the
pubescent midrib above, quite entire, rarely oblanceolate, narrowed into the petiole
nerves arched, very prominent beneath ; petiole ^-\ in. Panicle as in the genus,
usually larger than the leaves. Flowers of the size of M. simplicifolia, very distinct

from

the preceding in the small coriaceous glabrous sepals. Staminal scales

the tip (Maingay) Kurz (Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 74) refers
Sabia ? floribunda of Miquel to M. simplicifolia, meaning no doubt this species, under
which I hence cite it.
all

2-fid, ciliate at

6. DX. lancifolia, Hook. f. ; clothed with spreading villous pubescence,

leaves very long oblanceolate acuminate membranous, flowers sessile, aggregated, sepals and bracteoles 5 outer lanceolate ciliate and hairy on the back
inner glabrous oblong.

Malacca, Maingay.
Branchlets cylindric, clothed with a rough and much 'more spreading pubescence
species, especiallyon the panicle and nerves of the leaves be-

than in any of the other

;;

xlv. sabiacej:.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Meliosma.

neath. Leaves 12-18 by 3-4 in., very long and narrow very acuminate, but not
upper surface minutely
caudate, very gradually narrowed into the short ptuvie
scabrid
nerves numerous, arching. Panicle shorter than the leaves (in the only speon
the ultimate branchlets.
cimen). Flowers as small as in M. simplicifolia, crowded
Inner sepals very coriaceous, obtuse, quite glabrous. Petals and fruit not seen.
;

** Leaves odd-pinnate.

f Leaflets serrate or toothed.

7. XK. pinnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 104 (Millingtonia) ; nearly glabrous,
leaflets 6-12 pairs oblong or oblong- or linear-lanceolate acuminate more or less
serrate glabrous, panicle puberulous very large, flowers pedicelled or sessile.
Maxim. Diagn. FL Jap. Dec. iv. and v. 263 Wall. Cat. 8115 & 8117.
;

Silhet, Roxburgh. Khasia Mts., alt.

1000 ft. J. D. H.
Upper Assam, Griffith.Distrib. Japan?
A middling- sized tree; branches smooth. Leaves 6-18 in. petiole cylindric
leaflets 3-6 by 1-1 in. shortly petiolulate, much acuminate, sometimes nearly entire.
Panicle as long as the leaves, terminal branches spreading bracts minute, cadu-

Sikkim Himalaya,
3-5000 ft. H.f. T.

alt.

Flowers white, minute. Sepals and bracteoles 5, broadly orbicularPetals subvalvate, glabrous.
ovate, minutely ciliate, otherwise glabrous.
Disk
3-angled. Drupe as large as a pea.
The M. rhoifolia, Maxim., of Japan seems to be the
cous, subulate.

same as

this.

8. HI. "Wallichii, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; pubescent, leaflets 3-6-pairs

oblong oblong-ovate or obovate-acuminate more or less spinulose-toothed,
pubescent beneath, panicle tomentose, flowers very shortly pedicelled.

Tropical Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, Herb. Griffith. Khasia Mts.,

4-6000 ft., H. f. $ T. Distrib. Korea.
A small tree; branchlets rusty puberulous. Leaves, 6-12 in.; leaflets, 3-7 in.,
straight or falcate, rather coriaceous; petiole, petiolules and under-surface clothed
with a spreading rusty tomentum
upper surface opaque
nerves many, curved
hairs short spreading;
Panicle stout, much branched
base rounded oblique.
Sepals and bracteoles 5,
bracts caducous. Flowers minute, on short stout pedicels.
glabrous, orbicular-ovate. Petals subvalvate. Drupe globose, the size of a small
pea.
Small specimens of this from Moflong in the Khasia seem identical with
a Corean plant collected by Wilford.
alt.

tt Leaflets quite entire.

BX. Arnottiana, Wight, III., i. 144, t. 63 (Millingtonia); rustytomentose, leaflets 5-7 pairs subopposite ovate-lanceolate subcaudate acuminate
pubescent beneath, panicles rusty pubescent, flowers crowded sessile or shortly
Thwaites Enum. 59 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 1. 160. Sapindus ? microcarpus,
pedicelled.
W. & A. Prodr. 112.
9.

Western Peninsula; from Canara southwards, Wight. Ceylon; in the

central province, alt. 4-7000 ft.
tree?; branchlets, petioles, petiolules, leaflets beneath and panicle clothed
with a spreading subfurfuraceous or velvety rusty pubescence.
Leaves 6-10
in.
leaflets 3-5
by l-l in., rather membranous, lower often falcate and
recurved, base rounded, nerves not prominent, tips finely drawn out, upper surface
opaque petiolules \-% in.
Panicle axillary and terminal. Flowers very numerous, crowded on the branchlets of the panicle.
Sepals and bracteoles 5, orbicularovate, obtuse, ciliolate, rather pubescent.
Petals subvalvate. Drupe globose, the
size of pea.

sumatrana,

Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. 30 (Millingtonia) ; glabrous,

pairs elliptic- or obovate- or ovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute
panicle contracted pubescent, flowers large crowded.
M. nitida, Blume Cat.
10. IMC.

leaflets

3-6

xlv. sabiace^.

Meliosma.']
Hort. Butt. 32
tonia)

Rumphia,

Miq. Fl. Inch Bat.

Malacca,

iii.
i.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

202, tab. 169 ; Nees in Flora, 1825, 10G (MillingIrina integerrinia, Blume Bijd. 231.
017.

pt. 2,

Maingay.

Distbib. Sumatra.
branchlets glabrous.
Leaves l-l ft,; petiole nearly
leaflets 6-10 in., opposite, very variable in shape, coriaceous, shining on
terete
Panicle stout,
Loth surfaces
nerves arched, much reticulate ; petiolules - in.
erect, rusty-pubescent, with rather spreading short pubescence; bracts acuminate,
filiate.
Sepals and bracteoles 5, the outermost very small, broadly' orbicular-ovate,
Filaments larger than usual in the
Petals subvalvate.
rather thick, glabrous.
genus, without lateral teeth, the scale (petal) behind them being larger, elliptic and
Fruit nearly ^ in. diam. I think there can be no doubt but that this is
entire.
Jack's M. Sumatrana; and that it is the same with Blume's M. nitida. I have
in proof Java specimens of the latter named by Blume. Jack states that the terGriffith has a single imperfect specimen of
minal leaflet is sometimes absent.
apparently this plant from Malacca, with a few spinulose teeth on the upper part of
the leaflets it may be M. confusa, Bl. of Sumatra.

Griffith,

moderate-sized tree;

XK. lanceolata, Blume

Rmnphia, iii. 200,

6-8 pairs, very coriaceous
linear-oblong caudate-acuminate pubescent beneath margins recurved, panicle
tomentose with very long branches.
11.

t.

Cat. Hart.

Buit. 32;

1(38 (B. excepted), Y&v.pubescens; pubescent, leaflets

Malacca, Mt. Ophir,

Distbib.

^Tack).-

Griffith,

Maingay (M. Sumatrana, Kew

distrib.

not of

Sumatra, Borneo.

branchlets stout, rusty-pubescent. Leaves 1-2 ft. petiole stout, terete

5-7 by l-lf in., often recurved and subfalcate, base rounded, rigidly coriaceous,
shining above, opaque and pubescent beneath with much raised nerves petiolules
Panicles very large, with long spreading branches, almost velvety with
stout, g- in.
Flowers minute, rather scattered, sessile or nearly so.
Sepals
rusty tomentum.
and bracteoles 4 or 5, broadly orbicular-ovate, glabrous, outer ciliate. Petals valvate.
Filaments short scales 2-fid. Fruit not seen. The Bornean and Sumatra specimens
are more glabrous on the leaflets beneath, but I find no other difference.
tree

leaflets

Nat. Ord. XLVI.

ANA CARD! ACES.

(By

J.

D. Hooker.)

Trees or shrubs juice often milky and acrid. Leaves alternate, opposite in
Bouea, exstipulate, simple or compound. Inflorescence various flowers small,
regular, unisexual, polygamous, or bisexual.
Calyx 3-5-partite, sometimes
accrescent, spathaceous in Gluta.
Petals 3-5, alternate with the sepals, free,
Dish flat,
rarely 0, imbricate or valvate in bud, sometimes accrescent.
cup-shaped or annular, entire or lobed, rarely obsolete. Stamens as many as
the petals, rarely more, inserted under, rarely on, the disk, filaments usually
subulate anthers 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed.
Ovary superior, half inferior
in Holiyarna, 1- or 2-6-celled, rudimentary or 2-3-fid in the' f 5-6 free
carpels in Buchanania styles 1-4, or stigma subsessile ovules solitary in the
cells, pendulous from the top or wall or from an ascending basal funicle.
Fruit usually a 1-5-celled 1-5-seeded drupe stone sometimes dehiscent. Seed
exalbuminous embryo straight or curved, cotyledons plano-convex, radicle
short.
Distrib.
Chiefly tropical
genera about 45 species about 450.
;

Sorindcia Madagascariensis,
India.

Tribe

I.

Anacardieae.

DC. {Wall.

Ovary

Cat. 8491), is cultivated in gardens in

1-celled,

-early suppressed.

A. Ovules pendulous from a basal

funicle.

or if 2-celled, with one cell

xlvi. anacaediace^.

* Sepals and petals not

Calyx 4-5-partite.

D. Hooker.)

acci'escent.

Stamens 4-10.

Petals 4-6.

alternate, usually compound

Petals 0.
Stamens 3-4.
Calyx 5-partite.

nate,

(J.

compound

Leaves
1.

.2.

Calyx 4-5-partite. Petals 4-5. Stamens 1-5. Stylo filiform. Leaves alternate, simple
Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5. Stamens 8-10, all or a few
only perfect. Torus stipitate. Style filiform.
Leaves
alternate, simple

3.

*3.

Calyx 3-5-partite, valvate.

Stamens 3-5, all
Petals 3-5.
perfect.
Style short. Leaves opposite, simple
Calyx spathaceous. Petals 4-6. Stamens 4-6. Torus stipitate.
Style filiform. Leaves alternate, simple
Calyx 3-5-lobed. Petals 3-5.
Stamens 10. Carpels 5-6,
one only perfect.
Styles short.
Leaves alternate,

Pistacia.

Mangifera.

Anacardium.

4.

Bouea.

5.

Gluta.

6.

Buchanania.

7.

Melanorrhosa.

8.

Swintonia.

simple

** Sepals or petals acci'escent.

Khus.

Leaves alter-

Leaves simple.

Calyx spathaceous. Stamens 5 or numerous

Calyx 5-partite. Stamens 5

...

B. Ovules pendulous from the top of the

ovary above the middle.

or from the walls of the

cell

* Leaves 3-foliolate or pinnate.

Calyx

not

accrescent.

Petals

accrescent.

Petals imbricate.

valvate.

Stamens

10.

Stamens

10.

Style 1

9.

not

Calyx
Style

.10.

Solenocarpus.
Tapiria.

Petals imbricate.
Stamens 5,
Calyx not accrescent.
.11. Pentaspadon.
with 5 staminodes.. Style very short
Stamens 8-10.
Calyx not accrescent. Petals imbricate.
Styles 3-4
12. Odina.
13. Parishia.
Calyx accrescent. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Style 3-fid
.

**

Leaves

simjrte.

Petals imbricate. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Drupe on a much

enlarged peduncle
Petals imbricate. Stamens 5. Style 1., Drupe superior .
.
Petals valvate. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Drupe inferior
Style 1. Drupe superior
.
Petals valvate. Stamens 5.
Stamens 4. Style 1, short. Drupe
Petals imbricate.
superior
Petals imbricate. Stamens 6-10. Style 1. Drupe superior
.

Tribe

Spondieae.

II.

Ovary 2-5-celled

16.

Semecarpus.
Drimycarpus.
Holigarna.

17.

Melanochyla.

18.

Nothopegia.
Campnosperma.

14.
15.

19.

Leaves

ovules pendulous.

pinnate.

Flowers polygamous. Stamens 8-10. Styles 4-5, free above

Flowers bisexal.
Styles 5, thick, connate
Stamens 10.
at the lips

20. Spondias.
21.

DOUBTFUL GENUS.
Calyx

3-fid.

Stamens

3.

Ovary

3-celled.

Leaves entire

? 22.

Dracontomelum.

Eumphia.

Rhus.']

xlvi. ANACAKDiACEiE.
1.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

<>

RHUS, Linn.

Leaves alternate, simple or 1-3Flozvei-s small, in terminal

and axillary panicles, polygamous. Calyx small, 4-6-parted, persistent segments nearly equal, imbricate. Petals 4-6, equal, spreading, imbricate. Stamens
filaments subulaffc ; anthers
4, 5, 6, or 10, inserted at the base of the disk, free
Ovary sessile, ovoid or globose, 1 -celled
short, imperfect in the $ flower.
styles 3, free or curvate, short or long ; stigmas simple or capitate ; ovule pendulous from a basal funicle. Drupe small, dry, compressed; stone coriaceous,
crustaceous or bony. Seed pendulous from the funicle, testa membranous, cotylarge genus of about 120
ledons flattish, radicle hooked short superior.
species, natives chiefly of warm temperate regions.
Trees or shrubs, with often an acrid juice.

foliolate or pinnate

leaflets quite entire or serrate.

Sect. 1. Cotinus. Leaves simple. Panicle with

Flowers bisexual.
elongate capillary hairy pedicels.
pressed, stone triangular.

many

flowerless finally
obovate, com-

Drupe

Cotinus, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii, 4 leaves long-petioled

obovate glabrous ortomentose. Brandis For.Flor. 118. R. velutina,
Wall. Cat. 998 (excl. C. in Herb. Linn. Soc.) ; R. lsevis, Wall. mss. in G. Don
Gen. Syst. ii. 65.
1.

!R.

elliptic or

Western Subtropical Himalaya;

alt.

3-5000

ft.,

from Marri to Kumaon.

Distrib. from Syria westwards to France.

shrub or small tree. Leaves 2-4 in., obtuse nerves spreading, parallel petiole veryPanicles axillary and terminal, very large, slender, and many-flowered.
slender, 1-2 in.
Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse. Petals
pedicels very slender.
Flowers ^ in. diam.
twice as long, elliptic. Stamens shorter than the petals ; anthers large. Disk broad,
The numerous hairy
4-angled. Drupe in., compressed, covered with white hairs.
flowerless pedicels of the very large copious panicles give this bush a remarkable
Wall. Cat. 998 C. (in Herb. Linn. Soc. only)
appearance during and after flowering.
is Rhus succedanea.

Sect. 2.

Sumac.

Leaves

Flowers polygamous

Leaves 3-foliolate or odd-pinnate.

Drupe ovoid

dioecious or bisexual.

or orbicular.

trifoliolate.

R. parviflora,

Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 100; softly tomentose, leaflets

oblong-obovate or orbicular irregularly crenate above the middle. DC.
Prodr. ii. 70 ; Wall. Cat. 991 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 19 ; Brandis
For. Flor. 119.
2.

elliptic

Western Himalaya; alt. 2-5000 ft., from Kumaon to Nipal. Central India
on the Pashmarchi hills, Brandis.
An unarmed shrub branchlets, leaves beneath, petioles and panicle densely
clothed with soft rusty tomentum.
Leaves palmate, 3-foliolate; petiole 1-1^ in.,
stout ; leaflets 1^-3 in., sessile or the terminal contracted into a petiole, coriaceous,
tomentose on both surfaces especially beneath nerves spreading, parallel. Panicles
pedicels
in. diam.
axillary and terminal, silky, longer than the leaves. Flowers
very short; bracts linear. Sepals ovate, the outer hairy. Petals twice as long, oblong. Disk 5-lobed.
Drupe in. diam., ovoid, compressed, red-brown, shining.
The Ceylon specimens alluded to in Brandis are no doubt cultivated ones.
;

R. mysorensis, Heyne; W. $ A. Prodr. 172; pubescent, leafsmall obovate or cuneate sinuate-toothed or -lobed. Brandis For. Flor.
119 ; Beddome Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 78. t. xi. f. 3 ; Wall. Cat. 997.
North "Western India Scind, Stocks ; Eohilkund, near Delhi. Western Panjab,
Sulima range, alt. 2500-5000 ft. Western Peninsula Maisor and the Dekkan.
A small shrub ; branches woody, flexuous, often spinous branchlets, petioles,
3.

lets

10

xlvi. anacardiace,e.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rhus.

leaves beneath, and panicle clothed with a rather furfaraceous pubescence.

Leaves
palmately 3-foliolate; petiole - in.; leaflets -l in., the terminal always much
the largest, lateral often very small, all sessile and contracted at the base. Panicles
subsimple, very slender, axillary and terminal. Flowers
in. diam. ; pedicels short
bracts minute.
Sepals ovate, 2 smaller. Petals oblong, much larger than the sepals.
Stamens short. Disk obscurely 5-lobed. Drupe in. diam., subglobose, compressed,
red-brown, shining. Brandis suspects that this may be a form of B. parviflora, but

I cannot think

so.

4. It. paniculata,
Wall. Cat. 993; glabrous, leaflets
elliptic-oblong obtuse entire or very obscurely sinuate-lobed.

elliptic

or

Bhotan, Griffith ; Birma at Yenangheum, Wallich. Distrib. Yunan.

Probably a tree
quite glabrous except the minutely puberulous panicles.
Leaves rather coriaceous, palmately 3-foliolate
petiole l-l in. ; leaflets 3-5 by
1-2 in., rarely oblanceolate, sessile, contracted at the base, terminal the largest and
sometimes petiolulate
nerves many, spreading, parallel.
Panicles very slender,
axillary and terminal, elongate branchlets recurved. Flowers -i in. shortly pedicelled.
Sepals orbicular. Petals not much- larger, ovate-oblong, obtuse. Disk cup-shaped.
Drupe in. diam., nearly orbicular, depressed.
;

** Leaves odd-pinnate.

t Leaflets pubescent or tomentose beneath.

It. semi-alata, Murray; DC. Prodr. ii. 67; petiole usually winged
above, leaflets 4-6-pairs sessile toothed densely pubescent beneath, panicle
R. buckiequalling the leaves, pericarp indehiscent. Brandis For. Flor. 119.
R. javanica,
amela, Bo.vb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 99 ; Wight Lc. t. 561 ; Wall. Cat. 994.
R. Arnela, Don Prodr. 248.
L. (fid. DC).
5.

Tempekate Himalaya
alt.

3-5000

from Banahal to Sikkim,

alt.

3-6000

ft.

Khasia Mts.,

ft.

A small tree ; branchlets, petioles, leaves beneath and panicles clothed with a
dense soft pubescence. Leaves 10-18 in. petiole cylindric leaflets coriaceous, sessile,
oblong, acuminate, base cuneate, terminal petiolulate, opaque above, pale reddishwhite beneath nerves many, parallel. Panicle large, broad, with a stout peduncle.
Flowers in., white or pale yellow-green. Sepals ovate, obtuse, pubescent. Petals
much larger, oblong, ciliate, and with a ciliate median ridge on the upper surface.
anthers large. Disk cup-shaped, 10-lobed.
Stamens exceeding the petals
Styles
Drupe ^ in. diam., orbicular, compressed, red, shining, acid. I have
rather long.
specimens from the Bombay Presidency collected by Dr. Gibson (perhaps cultivated),
and from Ritchie (Griffith's Herbarium) collected at Baraghur (probably east of the
Indus) with the name " Semall-Shcorookee." The leaves are very small, the leaflets
about 1 in. long, more sharply serrated it may be a different species.
;

6. R. punjabensis, Stewart in Brandis For. Flor. 120; petiole not

winged pubescent, leaflets 5-6-pairs sessile quite entire or sen-ate towards the
tip slightly pubescent beneath, panicles much smaller than the leaves, flowers

sessile, pericarp indehiscent.

North Western Himalaya; Kunawur,

alt. 6000 ft., Thomson.

Eajaori and
2500-8000 ft., Brandis.
beneath
and
leaves
panicles
covered with
A tree 30-40 ft. branchlets, petioles,
petiole slender, terete
leaflets
a very fine ^pale pubescence. Leaves 12-18 in.
membranous,
acuminate,
opaque
above, base
oblong or ovate-oblong,
sessile,
simple.
Panicles
arched,
about
length
slightly
half
the
rounded nerves numerous,
branches dense, spreading. Flowers unknown. Drupes
of the leaves, subsessile

Bussahir,

alt,

- in.

diam., orbicular, compressed, red, tomentose.

7.

R. khasiana,

Hook. f.

petiole very slender glabrous, leaflets 8-12-

xlvi. ANACARDiACEiE.

Bhus.~\
pairs

(J.

D. Hooker.)

11

membranous subsessile lanceolate incised-serrate long-acuminate hairy

on the nerves beneath, pericarp dehiscent.

chiefly

Khasia Mts.

H. f. <$f T.
at the Borpanee, and at Chittagong.
Leaves l-lj ft. petiole terete, soft, pubescent towards the tip
leaflets 3-4 by -f in.
base cuneate, oblique, glaucous beneath ; nerves very slender,
about 15 pairs, arched, clothed with soft white spreading hairs. Flowers not seen.
Drupes in. diam., in open panicles, pedicelled, orbicular-ovate, compressed epicarp
papery, pale, irregularly torn, exposing a fibrous endocarp. I have only examined
imperfect specimens of this very distinct plant, which approaches R. punjabensis in
habit.

large tree.

8. It. Wallichii, Hook. f. ; petiole tomentose not winged, leaflets 3-5pairs subsessile quite entire densely softly tomentose beneath, panicles much
R. vernicifera (in part), DC.
shorter than the leaves, pericarp dehiscent.
Trodr. ii. 68 ; Bogle III. 175 ; Brandts For. Flor. 120. R. juglandifolia, Wall.
Cat. 996 (not of Willdenow).

Temperate Himalaya

from Garwhal to Nipal, alt. 6-7000 ft.

branchlets stout, petioles and leaves beneath and panicles, clothed with
a soft dense rusty tomentum. Leaves 12-18 in.; petiole terete; leaflets 6-9 by
23 in., coriaceous, elliptic or oblong, acuminate, shortly petiolulate ; base rounded,
upper surface pubescent or glabrous nerves 20-25 pairs, parallel. Panicles much
shorter than the leaves, axillary branches short, stout. Flowers subsessile,
in. diam.
Sepals small, broadly ovate, obtuse. Petals mucli larger, obovate, concave, white ? with
very broad dark veins. Filaments short; anthers large. Disk broad, cup-shaped,
obscurely lobed. Drupes densely crowded, ^ in. diam., globose, puberulous epicarp
dry, crustaceous, bursting irregularly stone globose, very thick, bony, surrounded by
wax. I agree with Brandis in regarding this as quite distinct from the Japanese
wax tree (R. vernicifera), from which it differs in the sessile flowers and laxer and
longer panicles juice corrosive. The Sikkim specimens referred to this species by
Brandis have glabrous petioles, and belong to R. insignis.
;

A tree;

9. R. insig*nis, Hookf. ; petiole not winged glabrous, leaflets 3-4 pairs,

petiolulate glabrous above tomentose beneath, panicles shorter than the leaves,
drupe pedicelled, pericarp dehiscent.

Sikkim Himalaya, interior valleys,

alt.

3-6000

ft.

J.

D. H.

Khasia Mts. at

Nurtiung, alt. 4000 ft. H.f. $ T.

A small beautiful tree. Leaves 12-18

in. ; petiole terete ; leaflets 6-9 by 3-4^ in.,

coriaceous, quite entire, elliptic or oblong, abruptly acuminate, glabrous and shining above, rusty, softly tomentose beneath ; nerves very numerous, as in R. Wallichii.
Flowers not seen. Fruiting panicles axillary, stout, 10 in. long-peduncled ; branches
spreading.
Drupes scattered on the panicle, globose ^ in. diam. ; epicarp thin,
dry, bursting irregularly and enclosing a globose white mass of wax containing a very
small flattened crustaceous stone. Similar in many respects to R. Wallichii, but very
different in the glabrous petiole and panicle, petioluled leaflets that are often cordate
at the base, large lax glabrous panicles, and smaller very different fruit. The panicles

and

petioles are crusted

with lenticels in some Sikkim specimens.

R. ? Dhuna, Hamilton in Wall. Cat. 8502 (Terebinthaceae ?) ; penot winged and leaflets beneath softly tomentose ; leaflets 4 pairs petiolulate oblong abruptly acuminate.
10.

tiole

Nipal at Patgong, Hamilton.

Leaves 2 ft. petiole stout, cylindric, grooved leaflets 6-10 by 3-4 in., coriaceous,
terminal obovate, with a cuneate base, the rest oblong with a cordate base ; midrib
stout; nerves 25 pairs slightly arched; under surface clothed with soft spreading hairs,
upper smooth, glabrous, with a slender midrib petiolule robust, cylindric i-^ in.
I have only leaves of this very fine plant, which appear to be closely allied to R. Wallichii, and R. insignis, differing from the former in the much less tomentose leaves
and petiolulate leaflets, and from the latter in the pubescent petiole.
;


;;

12

xlvi. anacardiace^.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rhus.

ft Leaflets quite glabrous beneath.

11. H. succedanea, Linn.
glabrous, leaflets 3-6 pairs oblong- elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate caudate acuminate, panicle slender, flowers pedicelled,
;

pericarp dehiscent. DC. Prodr. ii. 08 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 98

Brandis For. Flor. 121 ; Wall. Cat. 992. R. acuminata,
Spondias ? Wall. Cat. 8479.

Wight. Ic.
Prodr.

t.

DC.

Tempeeate Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 3-6000 ft. to Sikkim,

and Bhotan Khasia Mts., alt. 2-6000 ft. Distbib. Japan.
;

alt.

560

ii.

68.

5-8000

ft.

A tree about

30 feet high, everywhere glabrous, except the panicle in some vaLeaves crowded at the ends of the branches, 6-18 in. ; petiole terete,
slender; leaflets 2-5 by l-2 in., petiolulate, elliptic-oblong or oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, tip very slender base rounded or acute, straight or oblique nerves numerous,
slightly arched, slender. Panicles axillary, half the length of the leaves, slender, lax,
with a very few scattered hairs, or glabrous. Flowers -^th in. diam., yellow-green
pedicel slender.
Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse. Petals much larger, oblong or obtuse.
Disk 5-lobed. Drupes ^ in. diam., in drooping panicles, gibbous, compressed, epicarp
very thin, bursting irregularly; stone compressed, bony, surrounded with wax.
Perhaps two or three species are mixed up here, but I cannot satisfactorily distinguish them without more complete specimens than I possess.
rieties.

Vae. 1. himalaica; shoots glabrous, leaves scattered, petiole 1-2 ft., leaflets 6-8
46 by 1^-2^ in. petiolulate obliquely ovate-lanceolate acuminate very membranous,, midrib often pilose beneath, nerves 10-15 pairs, much arched, panicle pu^

pairs,

bescent in flower, fruiting glabrous very lax, drupes pedicelled laterally compressed.
alt. 3-6000 ft., from Kashmir to Nipal.
This differs from the
Japanese plant in the pubescent panicle and fewer more-arched nerves. There are fruits
of it from Nipal in Wallieh's Herbarium on the sheet with var. 3.
Vae. 2. sikkimensis ; shoots pubescent, leaves as in var. 1, flowering panicle lax
glabrous, fruit unknown.
A large tree of the Sikkim inner valleys, Lachen-Lachoong,

N. W. Himalaya,

etc., alt.

5-8000

ft.

Vae. 3. acuminata, DC. Prodr. ii. 68 (sp.) ; leaves usually crowded at the ends
of the branches, petiole 6-10 in., leaflets 2-5 pairs, 2-5 by 1^-2 in. elliptic or elliptic-obovate or -oblong often abruptly caudate-acuminate at length coriaceous, nerves
25-30 pairs horizontal straight parallel, panicle glabrous in flower, fruiting panicle
more dense, drupes on very short stout pedicels laterally compressed. Himalaya
from Nipal to Bhotan, Khasia Mts.
Vae. 4. sphcerocarpa leaves of var. 3, drupes depressed spheres. Khasia,

Griffith.

12. H. G-riffithii, Hook f. ; glabrous, leaflets 4-7 pairs oblong or ovateoblong acuminate, panicle stout pubescent, flowers subsessile, pericarp de-

hiscent.

Khasia Mts.

A small tree.

4-6000 ft., Simons, etc. ; Mishmi Hills, Griffith.

Leaves towards the ends of the branches, 1-2 ft. petiole stout,

alt.

terete; leaflets 5-10 by 2^-4 k in., coriaceous, quite entire, rounded or cordate, rarely
acute at the base, glabrous and opaque above, very obscurely puberulous on the midrib
and principal nerves beneath petiolules \ in., very stout ; nerves strong. Panicles
5-6 in. long, axillary ; peduncle and branches stout, pubescent. Flowers
in. diam.,
almost sessile.
Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, pubescent.
Petals much larger,
linear-oblong, obtuse.
Stamens exserted.
Disk broad, sinuate-lobed.
Drupes on
short stout pedicels, about ^-i in. diam., nearly orbicular, compressed ; epicarp thin,
bursting irregularly; stone compressed, surrounded with wax.
very distinct species, closely allied to R. succedanea, from which it differs in its much larger size,
stouter habit, larger leaflets often cordate at the base, pubescent stout panicle,
nearly sessile flower and smaller drupes.
;

xlvi. anacardiaceji.

Pistacia.']

2.

(J.

PISTACIA,

D. Hooker.)

13

Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate, or 3-foliate. Flowers

small, apetalous in axillary racemes or panicles, dioecious.
Male fl. Calyx
Stamens 3-7. Disk small. Rudiment of Ovary minute or '0. Fem.
3-5-fid.
Sepals 3-4. Stamens and Disk 0.
Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style
pl. bracteate.
short, 3-fid, stigmas capitate, recurved ; ovule pendulous from a basal funicle.
Drupe dry ; stone bony. Seed with a membranous testa ; cotyledons thick,
oily, curved.
Distkib. Species about 6, natives of Western Asia and the
Mediterranean region, and one Mexican.
Several species of this genus, allied to Mediterranean forms, are found in AfghanThe seeds of P. vera, L. the
istan and Beluchistan, but do not cross the frontier.
Pistachio-nut, are imported into N. Western India.

P. integrerrima,

Steivart in Brandts For. Flor. 122,

Rhus

4-5 pairs lanceolate caudate-acuminate.

H. Kakrasingee, Royle 111. 175.
North-Western Frontier
laya;

1200 to 8000*

alt.

ft.,

integerrima,

xxii.

t.

leaflets

Wall. Cat. 8474.

Peshwur valley and Salt range. Western Himafrom the Indus to Kumaon, usually on hot slopes.
40 ft. and upwards. Leaves 6-9 in., with or without a
;

nearly glabrous tree,

terminal leaflet petiole terete, puberulous leaflets sub-opposite, petiolulate, coriaPanicles lateral compact,
ceous, quite entire, base oblique nerves many, arched.
pubescent ; $ lax, elongate flowers pedicelled, with 2 ovate bracts. Stamens 5-7, filaments short anthers large, dark red. Fem. ix. Sepals 4, linear, and bracts deciduous. Style almost 3-partite. Drupe in., broader than long, glabrous, rugose,
grey.
Wood very hard and handsome.
;

3.

XKEANG-EFEXIA,

Linn.

Leaves alternate, petioled, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers small,

Trees.
polygamous in terminal panicles, pedicel articulate bracts ^deciduous. Calyx
4-5 partite ; segments imbricate, deciduous. Petals 4-5, free or adnate to the
Stamens
disk, imbricate ; nerves thickened, sometimes ending in excrescences.
1-5, rarely 8, inserted just within the disk, or on it, 1 rarely more perfect and
much larger than the others, the others with imperfect or smaller anthers, or
Ovary sessile, 1-celled, oblique style lateral ovule pendureduced to teeth.
lous, funicle basal, inserted on the side of the cell above its base, rarely hori;

Drupe large, fleshy ; stone compressed, fibrous. Seed large, compressed,

zontal.
Distrib.
testa papery ; cotyledons plano-convex, often unequal and lobed.
tropical Asiatic, chiefly Malayan genus, of about 30 species.

Of the species here described some may be referable to Malayan ones that are
imperfectly described by Blume and others. The genus is a very difficult one, and
the Malayan species want careful revision with many specimens.
Sect.

from the

1.

Disk tumid, usually 5-lobed, broader than the ovary.

Petals free

disk, inserted at its base.

* Petals

with 1-5

free or confluent ridges that

do not end in wart-like ex-

crescences.

t Panicle pubescent or tomentose.

1. TfE. indica, Linn. ; leaves oblong or linear-oblong or elliptic or obovate-lancoolate obtuse acute or acuminate, panicle usually tomentose, petals 5
with 3 ridges, stamens 1 fertile and 4 reduced to short capitate subulate
Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 641; W. $ A. Prodr. 170;
filaments, style sub-terminal.


14

xlvi. anacaediaceje.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Mangifera.

Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 102 Wall. Cat. 8487 {excl. D. G. $ I.)

Bomb. Flor. 51 Bot. Mag. t. 4510 Brandts For. Flor. 125.
Gaertn. Fruct. t. 100.Bheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 1, 2.
;

Tropical Himalaya;

alt.

1-3000

ft.

from

Kumaon

to

Dalz.

M.

8r Gibs.
doniestica,

Bhotan Hills and

valleys,

of Behar, the Khasia Mts., Birma, Oudh, and Western Peninsula from Kandeish southwards. Distrib. Cultivated as far west as Muscat, in all Eastern tropical Asia, and generally in the tropics.
A large tree, glabrous, except the panicle ; branches widely spreading. Leaves
6-16 in., very variable in breadth, crowded at the ends of the branches*, acute, acuminate or obtuse, shining, nerved, quite entire, margins often undulate petiole 1-4
in., swollen at the base.
Panicles a foot and more, pubescent, rarely glabrate bracts
Flowers yellow, odorous, subsessile, rarely pedicelled, <J and
elliptic, concave.
on the same panicle. Sepals ovate, oblong, concave.
Petals twice as long, ovate,
ridges 3-5, orange. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Stamen 1, inserted upon the disk, filament
subulate anther purple.
Ovary glabrous. Drupe 2-6 in., compressed, yellow. It
is often difficult to say whether so common a tree is wild or not in a given locality,
but there seems to be little doubt but that it is indigenous in the localities enumerated above. Amongst the varieties, those with an almost glabrous panicle from the
Western Peninsula look the most unlike the ordinary cultivated form. One Maisor
specimen has leaves 10 by 1| in., much resembling those of M. oblongifolia, Wallich's8487 D. is a Sorindeia, a Madagascar plant accidentally intermixed
8487 G. is
Buchanania? acuminata {Wall. Cat. 981), and 8487 I. is, I suspect, M. sylvatica.
;

<*5

leaves
2. IMC. caloneura, Kurz in Beng. As. Soc. Journ. 1873, ii. 66
oblong or oblong-lanceolate finely reticulated between the nerves acuminate,
panicle spreading tomentose, flowers crowded sessile, petals 5 with 3 ridges,
stamens 1 or 2 fertile, ovary rough, style lateral or basal.
;

Martaban, Kurz.

A moderate

sized tree.
Leaves 4-6 by l-lf in., equally reticulated on both surfaces between the 16-20 pairs of arching nerves petiole f-1 in., much thickened at
Flowers much as in M. indica, the rethe base. Panicle tomentose throughout.
(Fruit as large as a hen's egg, subreniform, smooth,
flexed petals having 3 ridges.
specimens of this are imperfect
it is
obtuse, yellow, sweet and acid, Kurz).
evidently very nearly indeed allied to M. indica, differing chiefly in the very fine reWallich's M. indica, 8487 H. from
ticulation of the leaves, as pointed out by Kurz.
Tavoy is possibly the same.
;

My

3. BI. pentandra, Hook./.; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate reticulated on both surfaces, panicle" spreading tomentose, flowers crowded
subsessile, petals 5 with 3 ridges, stamens 5 perfect, ovary smooth, style sub-

terminal.

Malacca,

Griffith,

Maingay.

Leaves 5-12 by 2-4 in., quite similar to those of M. indica, as are the
panicles and flowers, except that Maingay describes the disk as more fully and
The 5 stamens are all perfect
fairly developed than in any form he had figured.
and unequal. The petals are yellowish-white, with yellow brown ridges. Maingay
The
figures the style as nearly terminal, and the ovule as quite laterally suspended.
Malay name is Mam ploni,' which means mango ripened artificially.
tree.

'

4. IK. Griffith!!, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 168, in note:

leaves small oblong or oblong-obovate obtuse reticulate between the nerves,
inflorescence of many suberect compound pubescent racemes, petals 4 orbicularoblong not much exceeding the sepals, stamen 1.

Malacca,

Griffith.

Branches stout. Leaves 3-5 by l|-2 in. nerves about 10 pairs base narrowed ;
petiole stout, in. Racemes (branches of a reduced panicle), not much if at all longer
;

xlvi. anacardiace,e.

Mcmgifera.li

(J.

D. Hooker.)

15

than the leaves, stout, finely pubescent. Flowers vr ery small, | in. diam., sul)sessile.
Sepals broadly ovate, tomentose. Petals orbicular-ovate, with 2 short or more conDisk with 5 or 6 subidate points. Stamens short.
fluent ridges.
5. BX. sclerophylla, Hook.
f. ; leaves glabrous broadly elliptic with
obtuse narrowed tips most thickly coriaceous base acute or rounded nerves
obscure, petioles much thickened at the base, panicle pubescent of many erect
stout spiciform branches, petals not much exceeding the sepals, stamen 1.

Malacca, Maingay.
Branches very thick, woody, glabrous, angled, and channelled. Leaves 4-5 by
2-2 in., alternate, not approximate at the ends of the branches, exceedingly thick
and hard when dry,smooth on both surfaces; midrib strong; nerves about 10, faint;
reticulations very obscure petiole 1 in., of the upper leaves \ in., extremely thickened
at the back especially, the thickening sometimes extending up the midrib. Panicle
4-6 in. long.
Flowers sessile,
in. diam.
bracts ovate.
Sepals ovate, pubescent.
Petals ovate-oblong, with 3 short ridges. Bisk small.
Young drupe nearly
orbicular.
No other Mangifera has foliage at all like this.
;

tt Panicle quite glabrous.

XIX. sylvatica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 644 ; leaves lanceolate or oblonglanceolate usually long-petioled, panicle ample glabrous, branches slender,
flowers pedicelled, petals 5 with 3 ridges, stamen 1 with no imperfect ones,
ovary smooth, style lateral. M. indica, Wall. Cat. 8487 1.
6.

Tropical Nipal and Sikkim Himalaya, J. B. H. ; Silhkt, Roxb. ; Khasia

Mts., H.f. Sf T. Andaman Isls., Kurz.
I am in some doubt about this plant, which is well figured in Eoxburgh's
drawings, but of which I have seen no flowering or fruiting specimen. I believe
it to be a common tree in the Silhet, Khasia and Sikkim jungles, with usually
longer more membranous young leaves than the Mango, and a more open lax perRoxburgh contrasts it with
fectly glabrous panicle, and loose pedicelled flowers.
the cultivated sorts as having a much larger panicle, with the numerous ramifications more erect and slender, flowers more completely monandrous, disk villous.
The leaves he describes as in the common Mango. The drupe he figures as ovoid,
gradually narrowed at the top into a sharp curved beak. Graham {Cat. Bomb. PI.)
states that is a native of the Bombay Ghats, but no one has t confirmed this.
Kurz's specimens, thus named from the Andaman Islands, have leaves 1012 by
2i-3i in., membranous, much reticulated, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, petiole
very slender -2 in.; nerves 16-20 pairs, slender, arched. I have gathered similar
specimens in Sikkim and Silhet, with petioles 4 in. long, and Wallich's 8487 I. quite
agrees with these. My Khasia ones, with slender branched panicles (as in Roxburgh's description and figure), but flowers all dropped, have leaves like those of
M. indica. Kurz (Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 75), observes that Miquel has
incorrectly identified this plant with M. indica, from which it is at once distinguished by the very different white flowers, the disk and acuminated fruit.
;

7. XIX.

late

long-ipes,

acuminate faintly

Griff. Notul, iv. 419 ; leaves oblong- or elliptic-lanceoreticulate, panicle very lax spreading branches slender,

flowers pedicelled, petals 5 narrow with one slender basal

into 5 nerves, stamen 1, imperfect ones minute.

Malacca,

Griffith,

ridge

branching

Maingay.

Leaves 6-10 by l|-3 in., with 14-10 pairs of nerves, reticulation

Panicles usually longer
obscure* above, more distinct beneath; petiole |-1| in.
Flowers
in. diam.
.than the leaves, branches widely spreading, pedicels \ in.
Petals white, with yellow veins, very narrow, recurved.
Sepals ovate, subacute.
Di4k broadly conical, papillose, 5-lobed. Stamen far exserted, filament elongated.
Ovary smooth ; style lateral, long, slender ; ovule obliquely ascending. This, as
tree.

%~


16

xlvi. anacardiacej:.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

[Mangifera.

Griffith remarks, is very near M. sylvatica, and as far as I can see may be a form
of that plant, differing chiefly in the smaller disk and very narrow petals. Griffith

describes the calyx and pedicels as puberulous, but I find no trace of this.
Malay name is Boa Pow.' Griffith.

Tho

8. IH. zeylanica, Hook. f. ; leaves oblong-obovate oblong- or ellipticlanceolate obtuse or rounded at the tip reticulated, panicle glabrous stout
narrow, sepals orbicular, petals 5 oblong with 5 ridges, stamen 1 with 6-8
minute subulate filaments, style subterminal. M. indica, Thwaites Enum. 75 ;
Buchanania ? zeylanica, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 185.

Ceylon

abundant up to an elevation of 3000 ft.

everywhere quite glabrous. Leaves small," 2-3| by 1-1^ in., coriaceous,
usually rounded at the tip, nerves 12-15 pairs, arching; petiole ^-f in. Panicle
Flowers in, diam. pedicel slender.
stout, erect, much longer than the leaves.
Bisk large. Stamen short.
Petals short, elliptic-oblong, with 5 nerve-like ridges.
Ovary obscurely pubescent. Thwaites identifies this specifically with the cultivated M. indica, but it appears to me to differ much in habit and foliage, in the
;

A tree,

contracted panicle,

more pedicelled

flowers, perfectly glabrous

sepals,

and short

petals.
9. BX. gracilipes, Hook. f. ; leaves small elliptic-lanceolate acuminate
obscurely reticulate, petiole very slender, inflorescence of many slender erect
glabrous compound racemes, pedicels very slender, petals 5 lanceolate with
3-5 ridges, stamen 1 perfect slender with 4 short subulate filaments, style

lateral.

Malacca., Maingay.
large tree, everywhere perfectly glabrous branches very slender for the genus.
Leaves 3-4 by 1-1| in., undulate, much narrowed at both ends, nerves faint,
arched; petiole remarkably slender, f-1 in., not much thickened at the base.
Bacemes (branches of a sessile panicle which start in a fascicle from the tips of
the branches), long, very slender, much exceeding the leaves, and bearing short
lateral branches throughout' their length; pedicels very slender.
Flowers about
in. diam. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals twice as long, pale green with purplish
Bisk rugose. Ovary quite smooth; ovule
ridges.
Filament slender, exserted.
pendulous from a basal funicle.

10. BE. oblongrifolia, Hook. f. ; leaves linear-oblong obtuse or subacute very coriaceous not reticulated beneath, petiole long, panicle large
spreading quite glabrous, flowers pedicelled, petals 5 elliptic-oblong with a
basal tubercle and 3-5 more or less confluent ridges, stamen 1 perfect with 4
shorter antheriferous ones, style subterminal.
'

Malacca,

Griffith,

Maingay

(cult.).

A very large tree,

glabrous throughout; branchlets stout. Leaves 8-12 by l-2

in., very coriaceous, with undulate margins, faintly reticulate above, not at all or
very obscurely so beneath base usually rounded nerves 20-25 pairs. Panicle very
large, branches widely spreading, 2-3-chotomously divided.
Flowers distant, in.
diam. pedicel rather stout, \- in. Sepals veined. Petals rather short, yellow, ridges
tipped with red. Fruit 4 in. long, ovoid, dull green. Maingay, from whom this
description of the fruit is taken, says that this is cidtivated at Malacca as the Quenee
;

Mango.
** Petals 4, with 1-5 free or confluent ridges that terminate in wart-like
excrescences.
11. BE. quadrifida, Jack in Boxb. Fl. Incl. ed. Carey, ii. 440 ; leaves
elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse narrowed into long petioles reticulate

beneath inflorescence of many erect stout glabrous compound racemes, petals 4

xlvi. anacardiacej:.

Mangifera.']

(J.

D. Hooker.)

17

short ovate with 3 short confluent ridges, stamen 1, the others reduced to minute
Wall. Cat. 8489.
teeth.

Penang, Jack; Malacca, Maingay.

Distrib.

A lofty tree, perfectly glabrous throughout

Sumatra.
branchlets very stout.

Leaves 4-8 by

nerves 15-20 pairs, reticulfction above obsorarely acute, very coriaceous

Racemes equalling or exceeding the leaves, collected on a short
lete petiole 1-2. in.
peduncle, rachis stout, branchlets 1-6 flowered. Flowers small, \ in. diam. pedicel
Sepals broadly orbicular-ovate. Petals twice as long, pearlylonger than the petals.
white (Maingay) ; the ridges raised at their ends. Stamens very short, inserted on
Disk tumid, 4-lobed. Style lateral. {Drupe roundish, becoming very
the disk.
dark-coloured, Jack). Maingay in his MSS. describes the petals as 5, and stamens as
usually 2, but I find the flower to be uniformly 4-merous and monandrous Jack
however states that a small superfluous fifth petal is sometimes placed within the
This is allied in flower and inflorescence to M. Griffithii.
rest.

1^-2

in.,

12. 1*1. BXaing'ayi, Hook. f. ; leaves elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate

not reticulate on either surface or obscurely so beneath only, panicle glabrous
spreading, flowers pedicelled, petals 4 oblong with 3-5 confluent ridges, stamen
1 perfect, the others reduced to teeth.

Malacca, Maingay.
%
A tree, everywhere quite glabrous. Leaves 4-9 by 1|~3 in., coriaceous, nerves
15-20 pairs, not strong, arched; petiole 1-2 in. Panicle equalling or exceeding the
Flowers A in. diam., pedicel
leaves, branches pale green (when dry), rather slender.
Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals about twice as long.
slender.
Stamen short. Style
There appear to be two varieties of this in Maingay's Hersubulate, subterminal.
barium one (called Sapoong or Sampong), with larger leaves not narrowed into the
petiole, opaque above, with sunk nerves, tumid between the nerves
the other
(marked as truly wild) with brown (when dry) more shining leaves, narrowed into
the petiole, more reticulated beneath, and the nerves not sunk its leaves are like
those of M. indica, from which its glabrous pedicelled flowers and warted petals at once
distinguish it both differ from M. quadrijida in the inflorescence.
The first variety
has, according to Maingay, globose green fruit 3-4 by 2|-3 in.

13. ZH. microphylla, Griff. MSS.; leaves small elliptic acuminate

reticulate beneath, panicle stout contracted puberulous, flowers very shortly
pedicelled, sepals broadly ovate, petals 4 oblong with 3 ridges, stamen 1 with-

out rudiments of others.

Malacca,

Griffith

in orchards.

A small tree ( Griffith).

Leaves 1^-4 by f-l in.,' shining above nerves 8-10-pairs

Panicle short, stout, rather irregular, sometimes reduced to
erect compound racemes, by the abbreviation of the peduncle and the branches being
Flowers about A in. diam., on short stout pedicels. Sepals pubescent. Petals
erect.
about twice as long, the ridges distinct. Filament slender. Style lateral. Fruit oviform, green, very, turpentiny, Griffith.
Griffith has what appears to be a small state
of this, with small very shining leaves, quite polished on the upper surface.
petiole slender,

^-^

in.

Sect. 2. Bisk narrow, often reduced to the form of a stalk to the ovary,
rarely obsolete in the

fl.

* Petals free from the disk.

o do rata, Griff. Notul. iv. 417; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblong

acute or acuminate-reticulate, panicle very stout with ascending stout branches
glabrous, petals 5 linear-oblong reflexed from the middle with a thick branching
ridge.
M. fcetida, var. 8. Miquel in Herb. Hook.
14. IKE.

Malacca, Griffith.Disteib. Java

vol. n.

(Zollinger, 430).

18

xlvi. anacardiace.e.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Mangifem.

tree, everywhere quite glabrous, or very obscurely pubescent on the panicle.

Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in., very coriaceous, reticulate on both surfaces ; nerves about 20pairs, very strong petiole stout, 1^ If in., much thickened from below the middle to
the base. Panicle with stout green branches that turn black when dry. Flowers \ in.
diam., odorous, flesh-coloured.
Sepals ovate-oblong.
Petals three times as long,
reflexed, greenish, suffused with blood-red.
Perfect stamens sometimes 2 {Griffith),
the imperfect ones slender, subulate, capitate.
Ovary glabrous. {Drupe oblong,
stinking, yellow-green, with yellow spots, filled with a sticky gum flesh yellow, fibrpus,
sweet, not turpentiny stone compressed, fibrous cotyledons rugose, equal at the
tbase, one overlapping at the top.
Malay name " Kooene " or " Kohini,"
Griffith.)
according to Griffith, which is the name Maingay gives to M. oblongifolia (a totally
This much resembles M. Parih, Miq., of Java, which has a more
different plant).
effuse panicle with long tertiary branchlets and very long pedicels.
;

15. BX. lag-enifera, Ghiff. Notul. iv. 414, t. 567, f. 3; leaves small
obovate-oblong or -spathulate obtuse or rounded at the tip, panicle large spreading pubescent, petals 5 linear-oblong obscurely thickened in the middle, stamens

perfect.

Malacca,

A very

Cumming

Griffith,

(2330), Maingay.

branchlets stout, with pale bark. Leaves 3-6 by

gradually narrowed into a very stout petiole f-l
in., not reticulate on either surface ; nerves about 20 pairs, very faint, spreading and
Panicle on a long and stout peduncle, much exceeding the leaves. Flowers
parallel.
% in. diam. pedicels very short. Sepals many, orbicular, tomentose. Petals three
times as long, concave, purple, erect till a late period. Disk a slender stipes. Filaments very slender (purple, alternating with short horns, Maingay). Ovary glabrous ;
{Drupe pyriform, 4^ by 2 in., pale green, with a pink blush,
style capillary, lateral.
flesh livid or purplish flesh-colour ; stone fibro-coriaceous, adherent to the membranous
testa ; radicle basal, very large. Maingay^)
Called Lanjoot by the Malays, according
The latter describes the drupe as smooth, glaucescent,
to Maingay and Griffith.
fleshy, fetid, exuding a black varnish, traversed by innumerable fibres ; stone ovateSeed erect, adhering to the black tegument on the one
lanceolate, fibro-coriaceous.
cotyledons with one half the surface smooth, the other
side, on the other smooth
wrinkled. Maingay describes the disk as hemispherical, but I do not find it so.

l|-lf

in.,

lofty tree

verv^th^ckty

Griffith) ;

Cftriacaoas.

16. JUL. fragrans, Maingay MSS. ; leaves very narrowly linear-oblong- or

lanceolate acute acuminate or rounded at the tip, panicle spreading quite gla"brous, petals narrow linear, stamens 5, one much longer than the others whose
anthers are imperfect.

Malacca, Maingay.

tree, everywhere quite glabrous.

Leaves much longer and narrower than in any
other species, 6-10 by l-l| in., coriaceous, reticulated on both surfaces, margins
waved, base acute abruptly contracted into a very slender petiole 1-2 in.;
Panicle longer than the leaves,
nerves 25-35 pairs, slender, almost horizontal.
peduncle long and branches thick, black when dry. Flowers erect, almost ^ in. long
Petals very narrow, erect,
pedicel turbinate.
Sepals unequal, ovate-lanceolate.
reflexed sharply from the middle, 1-nerved (Maingay), 3-nerved in a young state.
slender
Filaments
slender,
pedicel.
very
shorter than the capillary style,
Disk a
which is lateral. {Drupe obliquely broadly oblong-globose ; flesh yellow, acid and
terebinthine ; stone thin, fibrous
testa coriaceous, Maingay.)
This in foliage
approaches very closely Blume's M. macrocarpa of Java, which has still narrower
leaves with crimped edges, 40 pairs of nerves, and a bitter-sweet fruit as large as a
child's head.
;

** Petals adnate to or inserted on the disk.

17. 3& foetida, Lour. Fl. Coch. 160 ; leaves large elliptic-oblong or
-ohovate obtuse or acute not reticulate, nerves strong, panicle very stout glabrous

Mangifera.}

xlvi. anacardiacejE.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

19

spreading, flowers suhsessile, petals 5 linear-lanceolate 3-ridged inserted on the

Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.
5 one perfect the rest shorter imperfect.
Carey, ii. 440 ; Wall. Cat. 8488 ; Grif: Notul. iv. 419. M. Horsfieldii & M.
foetida, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 632.Humph. Amb. i. 98. t. 28.

disk, stamens

Malacca, Penang, and Sincafore, Jack,

&cDistrib.

Throughout the Malay-

Archipelago.

Leaves very large, 10-12 by 3-4 in., very

large tree; branchlets very stout.
coriaceous, pale when dry ; surface raised above between the stout nerves, of which
there are about 20 pairs base acute ; petiole stout, 1-2|- in. Panicle large, stout,
with very spreading branches, and these again with short tertiary cymose branchlets
(deep bloood-red, Maingay), black when dry. Flowers h in. diam., pink or dark red.
Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals reflexed from the middle, inserted on the pedicel-like
Ovary glabrous style slender,
disk above its base, but not decurrent on the disk.
{Drupe variable in form, not compressed, oblique, green, smooth, very fetid
lateral.
flesh yellow, thick; stone almost 2-edged, chartaceous, fibrous ; cotyledons equal,
Maingay describes the fruit as
radicle short.
auricled at the base
Griffith.)
course-flavoured,
and not unlike Lanjoot (M. lagenifera), stringy. Malay name
Bachang or Buchong. Eumph and Loureiro describe the drupe as hairy, but no one
else does so possibly the fibres of the stone are alluded to by these authors.
;

M*

ee&ia, Jack in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 441 ; leaves cimeateobovate or -oblong or -elliptic with very short thick petioles, panicle branched
tomentose very stout, petals 5 erect adnate to the disk long narrow with one
M. foetida, Blume (according
central ridge, stamen 1.
Griff. Notul. iv. 415.
18.

i;o

Miquel in Herb.).
Malacca, Maingay

(cult.).
Distrib. Sumatra, Java.
large stately magnificent tree (Griffith); branchlets very stout. Leaves 6-16
by 2^-3|- in., very thickly coriaceous, smooth, rather shining, obscurely reticulated
beneath, decurrent on the petiole, which is -1 in. ; nerves about 20-30 pairs, slightly
arched. Panicle very stout and much branched (of a glaucous reddish colour, Jack).
Flowers in dense heads on the tertiary branchiets, ^ in. long bracts broad pedicel
very thick, short. Sepals short, broadiy ovate, pubescent. Petals erect, adnate by the
ridge to the disk, linear, concave, purple. Disk slightly lobed, Imperfect stamens
reduced to mere teeth; filament of perfect one slender. Style lateral, slender.
(Drupe oblong-obovate, reddish-white, Jack.) (xrifl&th says that the corolla is more
connate with the disk in the female, and that the panicle is cream-coloured and petals
white outside and lilac inside, and that the larger cotyledon alone is auricled.
Malay name Beenjai or Binjaee.

19. XVX. superb a, Hook. f. ; leaves very large subsessile cuneate-oblanceolate not reticulate, panicle spreading pubescent, flowers subcapitate very
large, petals 5 lanceolate acuminate adnate to the disk with a flat central ridge,

stamens

5, 1 perfect.

Malacca, Maingay.
A gigantic tree (Maingay) branchlets as thick as the thumb. Leaves 10-16 by
3-5 in., very thickly coriaceous and hard, obtuse, narrowed below into the short very
;

thick petiole, not reticulate nerves about 35 pairs, spreading, not sharply defined
but prominent, midrib very stout beneath. Panicle hoary-pubescent, probably 2 ft.
long, peduncle very thick primary branches strict, ascending, branched at the tips
and there bearing heads of flowers two inches across bracts large, concave. Flowers
| in. diam., lilac. Sepals hoary, \ in. long, ovate- lanceolate. Petals adnate to the
torus by the central ridge, concave, recurved. Filaments all slender, one antheriOvary oblique style slender, subterminal ovule laterally attached, horiferous.
This is a grand species, allied to M. ccesia, but far larger in all its parts than
zontal.
any other of the genus. It is curious that no one but Maingay should have met with
so conspicuous a tree. Large sheathing stipnle-like scales occur amongst the leaves,
whose nature I cannot ascertain.
;

c2


20

xlvi. ANACARDiACEiE.

(J.

;;

D. Hooker.)

[Mangifera.

M.

20.
policarpa, Griff. Notul. iv. 416 (polycarpa), t. 167, f. 2 (csesia)
leaves large sessile oblanceolate obtusely acuminate faintly reticulated undulate.

Malacca,

Griffith.

large tree, like M. foetida branches stout.

Leaves nearly 1 foot long, very
Flowers
coriaceous, nerves "50-30 pairs, arched; petiole \ in., winged, flattened.
unknown. Drupe oblong, base rather broader, brown, dusty all over, of a strong
Dorian* or Mango taste flesh and juice copious acid and pleasant stone lanceolate,
compressed, coriaceo-fibrous embryo obclavate.
Griffith, from whom most of the
above description is taken, says that this is the Camang,land that he proposes for it
the name of Mangij"era policarpa (misprinted polycarpa, at p. 416 of the Notulse),
Judging from
in allusion to the russet-coloured fruit, which is unique in the genus.
;

'

'i

the foliage, this

is

probably allied to

M.

ccesia.

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

leaves very like those of M. fragrans in

petioles ; but the nerves are far less numerous, about 20 pair, arched, very slender, and the under-surface is far less finely
reticulate, pale brown and quite opaque.
Mangifeka.
Pegu, Kurz n. 2020 ; leaves 14-18 by 3-4 in., narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate acuminate membranous glaucous beneath, finely but not closely
reticulate, nerves about 30 pair slender well defined slightly arched, petiole 2-4 in.
very slender. I give this as a Mangifera on Kurz's authority.

Mangifera.
Pegu, Kurz n. 2021
shape and size and with equally slender

*&
Shrubs or

AHA&ARDXUXiS,

Rottb.

Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Panicles

Calyx 5-partite, segments
terminal,, bracteate.
Floivers small, polygamous.
Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, recurved, imbricate.
erect, imbricate, deciduous.
Disk filling the base of the calyx, erect. Stamens 8-10, all or some fertile
Ovary obovoid or obcordate style
filaments connate and adnate to the disk.
filiform, excentrio, stigma minute; ovule 1, ascending from a lateral funicle.
Nut kidney-shaped, seated on a large pyriform fleshy body formed of the
enlarged disk and top of the peduncle ; pericarp cellular and full of oil. Seed
kidney-shaped, ascending, testa membranous, adherent ; cotyledons semi-lunar
Distrib.
small tropical American genus, of which
radicle short, hooked.
trees.

one species

is

naturalised in Asia.

A. occidentale, Linn.; DC. P7-odr. ii. 62 leaves obovate or obovateoblong glabrous obtuse retuse or rounded at the tip, base roimded or cuneate.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 312
Wall. Cat. 990; Wight. $ Am. Prodr. i. 168; Grah.
Cat. Bomb. PI. 40; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 18; Griff. Notul. iv,
408, t. 565, f. 3e,f.; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 163.Rheede Hort. Mai. iii. t. 54.
;

Hotter parts of India, especially near the

sea.

Naturalised

from America.

Ceylon.

A small tree trunk short, thick, crooked. Leaves 4-8 by 3-5 in., hard nerves
about 10 pair, nearly horizontal; petiole |-| in.
Panicles 6-10 in., pubescent;
branches long naked to the tips where the flowers are collected bracts lanceolate,
gibbous, hoary.
Flowers in. diam., yellow with pink stripes. Stamens usually 9,
all fertile, one larger than the rest.
Fruit 1 in., on a pyriform fleshy receptacle
2-3 inches long. The Cashew- nut.
;

4.

BOUEA,

Meissn.

Leaves opposite, petioled, coriaceous, glabrous, quite entire. Floiuers

small, in axillary and terminal panicles, polygamous.
Sepals 3-5, deciduous,
Trees.

xlvi. anacaeducej:.

Bouea.']

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Disk veryjsmall.
valvate.
Petals 3-5, Imbricate.
within the disk, all fertile.
Ovary sessile; style

21

Stamens 3-5, inserted

terminal, stigma

short,

obscurely unequally 3-lobed; ovule ascending from the wall of the cavity.
Seed suberect ; cotyfleshy ; stone thin, fibrous, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
ledons fleshy ; radicle very short, inferior. Distrib.
Species 5, natives of
Tropical Asia and the Malay Archipelago.

Drupe

1.
B. burmanica, Griff. Plant. Cantor 14; leaves 5-7 in. ellipticlanceolate obtusely acuminate, nerves 12-15 pairs, panicles obscurely puberulous
lax-flowered, flowers 4-5-merous.
B. oppositifolia, Meissn. in Walp. Rep. i.
556. B. Brandisiana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 50 ; 1873, ii. 66.
Mangifera oppositifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 640 ; Hort. Bengh. 18 ; Wall. Cat.
8490. Cambessedea, Wt. $ A. Prodr. i. 170.

Pegu, Tenasserim and the Andamah Islands. Distrib. Java.

Leaves very coriaceous, pale nerves above stink, very slender, beneath raised with
a slender incised line along the ridge. Panicles much shorter than the leaves,
slender, spreading, lax, few-flowered.
Flowers about | in. diam., yellow, pedicelled,
quite glabrous.
Stamens
Sepals rounded.
Petals oblong, keeled on the face.
usually 4.
Ovary obliquely ovoid.
Drupe 1-2 in., broadly ovoid, compressed,
yellow, eatable.
'Mariam' or 'Mai-een' of the Burmese. Kurz states that the
stamens are usually 8, perhaps a misprint for 3.
;

B. microphylla,

Plant. Cantor 15 ; Notul. iv. 423 ; leaves

or obtusely acuminate, panicles denseflowered obscurely puberulous, flowers 4-merous. B. diversifolia, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. Suppl. i. 522.
?B. myrsinoides, Blume Mus. Bat. t. i. 204; Miquel
1. c. i. pt. 2, 635.
2.

2$-8$

Griff.

elliptic-lanceolate obtuse

in.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. Distrib. Sumatra.

Very similar to B. burmanica, but much smaller in
triandrous.
Koomaniya Paigo of the Burmese.

all its parts

and usually

'

B. macropftylla,

Griff. Plant. Cantor 15 ; Notul. iv. 420, t. 567,

oblong-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, panicle
much branched dense-flowered very pubescent, flowers usually 3-merous. ? B.
gandaria, Blume Mus. Bat. i. 204, in note ; Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 635.
3.

f.

leaves

Malacca,

6-10

in.

Distrib. Java, Borneo.

Griffith, Maingay.
larger plant than B. oppositifolia, with more oblong glossy leaves, the
12-20
nerves
pairs sunk on the upper surface, raised on the lower but not grooved on
the ridge. Panicle 2-3 in. long branches stout, spreading horizontally and bearing
densely crowded cymes of flowers about
Sepals 3 in the 9 (Griffith).
in. diam.
Stamens 3-5. Drupe ovoid oblong, a little oblique, as large as a hen's egg; pulp
yellowish, acid, not terebinthine
adherent to the testa.
leathery,
fibrous,
stone
Cotyledons lilac, equal, reticulate, rugose (Griffith).
'Koomaniya Baitool' of the

A much

Malays.
5.

GLUT A,

Linn.

Trees with caustic juice. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branchlets,
short-petioled, simple, oblong, coriaceous.
Panicles axillary and terminal.
Floioers small, hermaphrodite.
Calyx spathaceous, bursting irregularly,
-caducous.
Petals 4-6, adnate to the disk, imbricate. Disk elongate, rarely
short.
Stamens 4-6, inserted on the disk, filaments capillary. Ovary sessile
on the disk or stipitate, oblique, 1-celled
style lateral, filiform, stigma simple
-ovule 1, pendulous from a basal funicle.
Berry stalked, dry, deformed,
tubercled or ridged. Seed with the testa adherent to the pericarp and full of
black juice ; cotyledons large, connate, fleshy ; radicle short, obtuse, incurved.
Distrib. About 8 species, all Malayan.
;

22

xlvi. anacardiacevE.
1.

G. eleg-ans,

(Syndesmis)

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Inch

eel.

acuminate

Carey,

not

\_Gluta~
ii.

315

1003

Cat.

above,
petiole and nerves slender, panicles lax and flowers perfectly glabrous.
Indeterminata, Wall. Cat. 9049.
leaves

elliptic-lanceolate

reticulate

Penang, Porter, Maingay.

small tree, perfectly glabrous throughout; much branched; trunk stout.

Leaves 3-5 in., tapering at both ends, shining, reticulate beneath; nerves 8-12 pairs,
arched; petiole \-l\ in. Panicles much shorter than the leaves, slender. Flowers
| in. long, subcorymbose. Calyx tubular, membranous, scarlet, split, mouth 2- toothed.
Petals linear-lanceolate. Disk elongate.
Stamens 4-5, as long as the petals. Drupe
f in. long, when dry, gibbous-oblong, smooth, style-scar nearer the base than top.
most beautiful and fragrant tree.
Var. Helftri leaves linear-oblong obtuse, nerves more oblique. Tenasserim or
Andaman Islands, Heifer. Probably a different species.

tavoyana, Wall. Cat. 1004 (Syndesmis) ; leaves oblong-lanceoobtuse acute or acuminate reticulate, on both surfaces, petiole short,
panicles long-peduncled puberulous.
Syndesmis sp., Griff. Notul. iv. 410.
2. G-.

late

Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez; Mergui, Griffith.

small tree with white branches. Leaves 4-12 by 1^-3 in., very coriaceous, brown,
rather waved; nerves 15-20 pairs, arched; petiole usually \ in., stout. Panicles
slender ; peduncle 1-3 in. flowers loosely corymbose, like those of G. elegans, but
smaller, about | in. long ; pedicel stouter ; calyx (scarlet), shorter, puberulous, not
toothed.
Petals linear-spathulate, white.

3. G. coarctata, Grijf. Notul. iv. 409, t. 567, f. 1 (Syndesmis)

leaves
recurved conduplicate short-petioled linear- or obovate-oblong obtuse or subacute reticulate on both surfaces, margins waved, panicles pubescent, flowers
;

large.

Malacca,

Griffith,

A small tree.

Maingay.

in., coriaceous, bright brown when dry; nerves

15-22 pairs, very slender; petiole ~~ in. Panicles much branched, 3-5 in. flowers
crowded at the tops of the branches, | in. diam. Calyx short, almost campanulate,
split and lobed, very pubescent.
Petals 5, obovate-lanceolate tipped with red.
Stamens 5. Drupe stibglobose, with an irregular raised ridge round the base, others
down the sides rind dry, papillose, coriaceous flesh white, fibrous and spongy stone
coriaceous, adnate to the testa.
Seed erect; embryo very large, cotyledons subhemispheric unequal fleshy, opposite faces pink, radicle short. The description
of the fruit is taken from Griffith's Notulse and figure. The recurved subsessile
leaves and large flowers at once distinguish the species.

Leaves 5-10 by 2-3

4. G-. travancorica, Bedd. Flor. Sylv. i. t. 60; leaves subsessile

small obovate-oblong rounded at the tip, panicles spreading tomentose, calyx

cupular.

Western Peninsula Ghats

of Tinnevelly and Travancor, Beddome.

Leaves 4-6 by 1|-1| in., coriaceous, reticulate on both
petiole very short, dilated.
Panicles crowded,
surfaces but especially beneath
terminal and in the upper axils, subcorymbose, shorter than the leaves bracts ovate,
Calyx truncate at the base, very short, coriaceous, irregularly toothed
boat-shaped.
or lobed, split on one side, less deciduous than in the other species. Petals 5,
Disk very short.
Stamens 5,
elliptic-obovate, obtuse, downy on both surfaces.
;

A very tall timber tree.

filaments subulate.

Drupe
6.

Trees.

and

1 in.

diam., depressed-globose, stipitate.

BUCHANANIA,

Roxb.

Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Panicles terminal

Calyx short,.
Flowers small, white, hermaphrodite.
crowded.

axillary,


xlvt. anacardiace^.

Buchanania.~]

(J.

D. Hooker.)

23

3-5-toothed or -lobed, persistent, imbricate.

Petals 4-5, oolong, recurved

imbricate.
Disk orbicular, 6-lobed. Stamens 8-10, free, inserted at the base,
Carpels 5-6, free, seated in the cavity of the disk, one fertile, the
of the disk.
rest imperfect ; style short, stigma truncate ; ovule 1, pendulous from a basal
funicle.
Drupe small, flesh scanty ; stone crustaceous or bony, 2-valved. Seed
gibbous, acute at one end; cotyledons thick; radicle superior. Disteib. A.
tropical Asiatic, Australian and Pacific Island genus ; species about 20.
1.
B. latifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 385; leaves usually broadly
oblong rounded at the tip closely reticulate on both surfaces villous
pubescent or glabrate beneath, panicle woolly or velvety, flowers crowded.
Wt. 8f Am. Prodr. i. 169 Wall. Cat. 983 ; Bedd. Fl. Sijl. 1. 165 Dalz. 8f Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 52 Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 41 Brandts For. Flor. 127. Spondias
;

elliptica, Rottl.

Hot, drier parts of India, from Kumaon ascending to 1500 ft., and Oudh,
through Central India and to the Western Peninsula, Birma and Tenassebim.
A tree 40-50 ft., subdeciduous branehlets as thick as the finger. Leaves 6-10
in., i ery coriaceous or hard, nerves 15-20 pairs, stout, nearly straight
petiole ^-l in.,
Panicles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves, pyramidal,
stout, pubescent.
branches stout bracts small, caducous. Flowers \ in. diam., sessile, greenish white.
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals oblong. Disk fleshy. Stamens 10, spreading, as long as the
Ovaries one perfect, conical, pubescent, 4 others reduced to filaments. Drupe
petals.
stone hard, 2-valved.
There is a
I in., subglobose, slightly compressed, black
specimen marked from Malacca in Griffith's Herbarium.
;

2. B. ang-ustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 386 ; Cor. PI. iii. t. 262 ; leaves
linear-oblong or elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtuse or rounded at the tip
base not narrowed into the petiole glabrous on both surfaces, nerves very
Wall. Cat. 982; W. fy A.
slender, panicles quite glabrous, flowers sessile.
Prodr. 169 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 41 ; Wight Ic. t. 101. Spondias simplicifolia, Rottl.

Mangifera

Western Peninsula

axillaris,

Lamk.

the Concan, from the Adjunta Jungles, Graham, southwards. Ceylon, in the northern parts of the island.
tree, perfectly glabrous throughout, branehlets stout.
Leases 4-6 by 12 in.,
thinly coriaceous, shining above, delicately reticulate beneath, rounded or acute
at the base; nerves 12-15 pairs, very slender; petiole f-lf in., slender. Panicles
axillary and terminal, about as long as the leaves, peduncle and branches slender,
spreading. Flowers in small clusters -~ in. diam., quite glabrous, nearly sessile.
Drupe \ in. diam., obliquely spherical. The Malayan and Australian forms referred
to this appear to me to differ much in the leaf-base, narrowed into the shorter stouter
peduncle, and other points.
;

3. B. glabra, Wall. Cat. 984 ; leaves broadly elliptic or oblong or almost

orbicular obtuse or rounded at the tip quite glabrous, base rounded, nerves
strong, panicle spreading puberulous, flowers sessile.

Tenasserim

at

Moulmein, Wallich.

A tree.

Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., usually quite elliptic and rounded at both ends,
sometimes more acute at the base, very coriaceous, upper surface raised between the
nerves, faintly reticulate, lower strongly reticulate shining; nerves 12-15 pairs;
Panicle shorter than the leaves, rusty puberulous, glabrate
petiole always short, \ in.
in. diam., rather crowded, very
in fruit ; branches spreading, rather stout. Flowers
shortly pedicelled. Fruit unripe, glabrous. Wallich's are the only specimens of this
that I have seen it is nearest B. augustifolia, but differs materially in the broad
almost rounded leaves, very short petiole, and puberulous panicle.

4.

B. lucida, Blume Mus.

Bot.

i.

184; quite glabrous throughout, laavea


24

xlyi. anacardiace^:.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

obovate or obovate-oblong, tip rounded or obtuse reticulate

narrowed into the petiole, panicles lax spreading, branches
not crowded pedicelled. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 636.
Blume ? Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 473. Hypericinea
Cat. 4830.
B. subobovata, Grif. Notul. iv. 413.

[Buchanania.
on both surfaces
slender, flowers

B. palembanica,
angustata, Wall.

Eastern Peninsula; from Tenasserim to Malacca, and Penang. Distrib.

Sumatra, Borneo, Australia ?
tree, quite glabrous throughout.
Leaves 4-7 by l|-2 in., coriaceous, very
brown when dry and rather shining; nerves 12-15 pairs slender, arched; petiole
1-lf in., gradually dilated upwards. Panicles usually longer than the leaves, very
many-flowered.
Flowers in. diam. (4-5-merous, white, disagreeably-scented,
Sepals orbicular. Petals elliptic, obtuse. Filaments subulate, white. Drupe
Griffith).
| in. diam., orbicular, compressed with a sharp edge. Blume's B. arborescens, and
perhaps B. longifolia, are hardly distinct from this, as is Miquel's petiolaris and
bancana. I should refer hither also the glabrous panicled Australian plant placed
under angustifolia, Roxb., in the Flora Australiensis.
Var. intermedia, leaves obovate-spathulate membranous. B. intermedia, Wight
Naggarie hills, Madras.
Ic. t. 81.

5. B. acuminata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 472;

glabrous
throughout, leaves long- or short-petioled obovate or *oblanceolate abruptly
acuminate, panicles spreading exceeding the leaves long-peduncled very slender
B. sessilifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 184.
lax-flowered, flowers pedicelled.
Hypericinea lucida, Wall. Cat. 4827. Terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 8505.

Tenasserim ; at Moulmein, Lobb ; Penang, Porter Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Distrib. Sumatra.
small tree. Leaves 4-7 by 2 2 in., thinly coriaceous, tips very acute, base
much narrowed, reticulate on both surfaces, quite sessile in Penang specimens, with
Blender petioles sometimes 1| in. in Malacca and Tenasserim ones, bright brown
when dry nerves about 1 5 pairs, slender. Panicles chiefly axillary, branches divariFlowers
in. diam.
Sepals small, orbicular. Petals oblong. Filaments
cating.
compressed. Drupe as in B. lucida. I think there is no doubt of Blume's B. sessilifolia being a sessile-leaved form of this, which is far more frequently a petioled plant,
and therefore better fitted to Turczaninoffs name than to Blume's, though against the
laws of priority.
;

S. lanceolata, Wt.

6.

Ic.

t.

237

III.

i.

185

leaves elliptic-lanceolate

obtusely acuminate, petiole stout, 'panicles short pubescent, flowers crowded

Buchanania ? acuminata, Wall. Cat. 981.
subsessile.

"Western Peninsula near Quilon, Wight.

A tree. Leaves 4-5 by l-lf in., reticulate and shining on both surfaces, margin
waved, base acute but not contracted into the petiole; nerves 16-20 pairs, slender
;

Panicles shorter than the leaves, numerous, stout,

petiole ^-f in., stout.
and terminal. Flowers in. diam., crowded on the short stout lateral
Petals broadly oblong.
Sepals rounded.
Filaments subulate.
Fruit
branches.

arched

axillary

it

"Wallich's B. ? acuminata, from Tavoy (Cat. 981),

has fruit only, and the nervation is a little different.

unknown.

DOUBTFUL

is

very similar to this;

SPECIES.

a large tree, leaves lanceolate obtuse

B. lancifolia, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 386
pointed lucid entire, panicles terminal.' Chittagong.

B.

acuminata, Wall. Cat. 981.

'

See at end of

6. lanceolata.

Tavoy, Gomez, in

fruit only.

B. LAxiFLORA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. 2, 304; 'leaves 6-7 in.
ovate-oblong coriaceous finely tomentose glabrescent above, petiole \ in. stout, panicle
terminal lax diffuse much branched hoary or yellowish pubescent, flowers minute,


Melanorrhcea.~\

xlvi. anacardiace.e.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

25

pedicels short slender, bracts minute subulate, calyx hoary, lobes 5g in. long oblong
filaments subpuberulous, ovary glabrous.'
acute, petals
in. obovate-oblong,

Martaban, Kurz.
\

7.

HELANOBB<Eil, Wall

Trees with a varnish juice. Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire, coriaceous.
Panicles axillary. Flowers rather large, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, cohering
into a pointed cap, deciduous.
Petals 5-8, linear-oblong, imbricate, much
enlarged in fruit. Disk hemispheric or columnar. Stamens 5 or very numerous,
Ovary stalked, lenticular,
inserted all over the disk ; filaments capillary.
oblique, 1-celled ; style sublateral, stigma simple ; ovule 1, pendulous from a
basal funicle.
Fruit dry, subsessile on a long pedicel rising from the
Seed subglobose or
stellately spreading persistent petals, globose coriaceous.
oblong; testa papery; cotyledons thick, plano-convex; radicle ascending.
The following are the only species.
*

Stamens many.

Fruit pedicelled.

EX. usitata,

Wall. PI. As. Par. i. 9. t. 11, 12: Cat. 597; leaves

obovate or elliptic obtuse softly tomentose on both surfaces.
1.

Munnipobe, Biema and Tenasserim,

Wallich, &c.
Leaves 6-14 by
large deciduous tree; branchlets very stout, velvety.
4-6 in. ; base cuneate ; nerves 28-30 pairs, stout, straight petiole flattened, winged,
|-1 in. Panicles 1 ft. long, peduncled, tomentose. Flowers lax | in. diam. pedicels
slender.
Calyx calyptriform, beaked, pubescent. Petals 5-6, eventually 2-4 in. long,
linear-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, reticulated, gland-dotted, pubescent.
Stamens
20-30. Drupe the size of a cherry, red, glaucous pedicel \ in. The varnish tree.

I. glabra,

Plant. As. Par. iii. t. 283; Cat. 1005; leaves

obovate-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate obtuse quite glabrous, nerves 16-20-pairs.
Melanorrhoea, Griff. Notul. iv. 409.
2.

Wall.

Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez ; Mergui, Griffith.

A tree; branchlets hoary. Leaves 6-10 in., undulate, coriaceous, shiningabove,
reticulate on both surfaces; base cuneate; nerves 16-20-pairs, slender, arched,
very different from M. usitata; petiole in. flattened, winged.
Panicles lax,
slender, sparingly branched, about equalling the leaves, puberulous.
Flowers on
slender pedicels, white, \ in. diam.
Calyx membranous, calyptriform, acute pubescent.
Petals linear-oblong, acute, puberulous, eventually 2-2| in. long, linearoblong or -spathulate, coriaceous, veined. Drupe in. diam., depressed or globose,
quite smooth pedicel very slender, 1-1 in.
;

** Stamens
3.

Ttt.

5.

Fruit

subsessile.

XvEaingayi, Hook.f.

leaves broadly elliptic obtuse long-petioled,

quite glabrous.

Malacca, Maingay.
A gigantic tree {Maingay)

Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in.,

; branchlets rather slender.
very coriaceous, deeply reticulate on both surfaces; nerves 18-20-pairs, strongparallel petiole 1-2 in.
Panicles terminal and axillary, longer than the leaves, longCalyx calypitripeduncled, pubescent, curved, lax-flowered. Flowers \ in. diam.
form, membranous, veined, split on one side as in Gluta, pubescent. Petals linear,
oblong, obtuse, tomentose.
filaments filiform, hairy. Disk elevated.
Stamens 5
Ovary tomentose. Drupe \ in., oblong, obtuse, smooth.
;

4. XIX . "Wallichii, Hook. f. ; leaves petioled broadly obovate tip rounded,

nerves 12-14 pairs, panicles very numerous excessively branched very long
Stagmaria vernicifl.ua, Jack ? Wall. Cat. 980.
softly tomentose.


26

xlvi. ANACAKDIACE.ZE.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Swintonia.

Sincapoee, Wallich Malacca, Maingay.

A large tree. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, obscurely reticulate above, more
nerves strong, nearly straight
petiole 1-1| in.
Panicles
distinctly beneath
terminal and in the uppermost axils, branched from the base, curved, a foot long and
more, together forming a drooping mass of long arched finely pubescent angled (when
dry) peduncles, that branch towards their ends into slender tomentose branchlets
with innumerable softly downy flowers bracts large, obovate, concave, very memFlowers very shortly pedicelled, A in. long. Calyx narrow-ovoid, very
branous.
membranous, almost 2-valved. Petals linear-oblong, inserted towards the base of the
Stamens 5. Disk short. "Wallich, who assumed this
disk, villous on both surfaces.
to be Jack's Stagmaria vemiciflua ( Gluta Benghas, L.), found a tree of it in the forest
of Sincapore, close to Botany Hall, which, I assume, was his temporary residence.
;

8.

SWINTONIA,

Griff.

tree, quite glabrous.

Leaves alternate, long-petioled, simple, quite
Panicles terminal and axillary, very large and broad. Flowers small
hermaphrodite or unisexual.
Calyx small, 5-lobed, lobes rounded imbricate.
Petals 5, adnate to the middle of the disk, linear-oblong, imbricate, much
enlarged and reflexed in fruit. Dish short or elongate or cylindric. Stamens
Ovary sessile, ovoid, 1-celled, narrowed
5, inserted on the top of the disk, free.
into the slender style ; stigma capitellate ; ovule pendulous from a basal funicle.
Drupe ovoid, smooth, sessile, coriaceous, subtended by the 5 reflexed enlarged
petals.
Seed erect, testa thin;
cotyledons amygdaloid. Distkib.
The
following are the only species known.
tall

entire.

S. Griffithii, Kurz

in Jour. Beng. As. Soc. 1870, ii. 75; leaves

acuminate at both ends, petiole long slender, panicle much
larger than the leaves lax spreading quite glabrous, branches very slender,
Swintonia, Griff, in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1846, 283. Astroflowers pedicelled.
petalum 1, Griff. Notul. iv. 411, t. 565, f. 2, b. c. d.
1.

elliptic-lanceolate

Tenasseeim, at Mergui, Griffith ; Heifer.

A lofty tree, glabrous throughout branchlets very slender. Leaves 4-7 by 1-lf
tip obtuse
margin waved, obscurely reticulate
in., sometimes subopposite or 3-nate
above and beneath; nerves 16-20-pairs, very slender petiole 1 in. Panicle copiously
branched from near the base. Flowers long-pedicelled, ^ in. diam, Petals linearFruit unknown. I do not find the
oblong, quite glabrous, rapidly enlarging.
irregular pellucid dots which Griffith describes. Habit of a Mango, conspicuous
for its dense masses of flowers which, when bruised, emit a peppery smell.
;

2. S. Kelferi, Hook. f. ; leaves narrow-lanceolate obtusely acuminate,

base acute, margins undulate, petiole long slender, panicles much longer than the
leaves lax spreading quite glabrous, flowers pedicelled.

Tenasseeim or Andaman Islands, Heifer,

Very nearly allied to S. Griffithii, but branchlets stouter. Leaves much longer,
6-10 by 1-1^ in., drawn out into longer points, with more numerous (25-30) pairs of
nerves, rather stouter petioles, and more waved margins they are also of a dark
brown colour when dry, whereas those of S. Griffithii are pale greyish-brown. Drupe
(ripe) obovoid, in.
The reflexed petals 2 in. long, linear, obtuse, veined, glabrous.
;

3. S. Schwenkii, Teysm. Sf Binnend. Cat. Hort. Bogor.2S0; leaves

oolong-lanceolate tip obtuse rounded or obtusely acuminate, base rounded
glaucous beneath, petiole very slender, panicles excessively branched longer or
shorter than the leaves, flowers minute subsessile. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

xlvi. anacardiacevE.

Swintonia.']

Beng. 1870, ii. 75.

Miguel Journ. i. 368.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Anauxanopetalum Schwenkii, Teysm.

Astropetalum.2,

27"

Binnend.

fy

in

Griffith, Notul. iv. 415.

Maingay. Disteib. Sumatra.

branchlets rather slender. Leaves 3-5 in., usually obtusely acuminate,

rather thin margins hardly undulate nerves about 15-pairs petiole very slender, 2-2|
Panicles numerous from the upper axils, branched, peduncles and branches and
in.
Flowers the smallest of the genus, when
pedicels excessively slender and spreading.
in. diam., shortly pedicelled. Calyx-lobes orbicular, glabrous. Petals
first expanded,
oblong on expansion, very rapidly enlarging, finally 2\ in. long, linear, obtuse
Drupe % in long, oblong, smooth. Cotyledons oblong, amygdacoriaceous, veined.
Kurz refers to this Astropetalum 1 of Griffith's
radicle lateral, minute.
loid
Notulse, which, as it appears to me from Griffith's notes and specimens, is his original
Swintonia, to which he attached the MS. name of S.floribunda, but for which I have
adopted Kurz's S. Grijfithii. The reference to " Cat. Hort. Begor." is taken from
Kurz. I do not find the name in the edition of that work at Kew.

Malacca,

A tall tree

Griffith;

4. S. spicifera, Hook.f. ; leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate tip rounded

base cuneate, panicles longer than the leaves branches strict, flowers forming
pubescent spikelets at the tips of the branchlets.

Penang

Maingay.

A lofty thick-stemmed tree {Maingay).

Leaves 3|-7 by l-2

in.,

coriaceous, upper

surface shining with very obscure nerves, under glaucous with 12-15 pairs of very
slender nerves, reticulation very indistinct petiole f -1 in. Panicles subcorymbose,
sometimes leafy, repeatedly trichotomously forked; branches angular, strict, suberect,
glabrous, articulate, ultimate divisions \ in., stout, clothed with imbricating small
rachis with close-set deep scars
bracts orbicular, concave,
bracts and flowers
pubescent. Flowers \ in. diam. when first expanded, apparently polygamous, most of
Calyx hemispheric, 5-lobed, lobes
them males and caducous pedicel very short.
Petals 5, oblong, obtuse, hoary, eventually 1-2| in., reflexed,
orbicular, pubescent.
Stamens 5, filaments subulate anthers
linear-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous in fruit.
oblong. Bisk confluent with the thickened base of the filament in the male. Brupe
pericarp thin.
Cotyledons amygdaloid.
| in. long, obliquely ovoid, smooth
assume this to be a Penang plant from the tickets and writing being of the same kind
very different species from the
as is attached to Maingay's other Penang plants.
rest, the imbricating flowers on the thick tips of the branchlets of the panicle is a
curious character.
;

9.

SOLMOCAEPUS,

Wt. & Arn.

Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, odd-pinnate ; leaflets

tree.
Panicles terminal.
Flowers small, hermaphrodite.
opposite, glabrous, crenulate.
Calyx small, 5-toothed, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, ovate, valvate. Disk
Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary sessile,
broad, annular.
1-celled, style clavate, stigma obliquely truncate ; ovule 1, pendulous from
Drupe small, obliquely oblong, truncate, compressed;
the top of the cell.
Stone hard. Seed linear, compressed
pericarp cellular, full of oil.
linear, plano-convex ; radicle very short, superior.
1.

S. indica, Wt. $ Am.

Prodr.

i.

171

Beddome

Fl. Sylv.

t.

cotyledons

233

Anal.

Gen. 79.

"Western Peninsula; Malabar and Travancor, ascending

Anamally hills, Beddome.

to

2500

ft.

on the

Leaves 6-12 in.; petiole angled, slender, pubescent; leaflets 4-6 -pairs, 2-4 in.,
subopposite, sessile, except the terminal, which is long-petiolulate, oblong or oblongbase obliquely cordate, quite entire or remotely crenate, rather
lanceolate acuminate
coriaceous, glabrous, nerves 8-1 0-pairs, faint. Panicles much branched ; branches erect,.
;


28

xlvi. ANACARDIACE2E.

patent, pubescent, at length glabrate.

5-

in. long,

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Flowers shortly pedicelled, -

[Tapiria.
in.

diam. Drupe

pedicelled.

TAPIRIA,

10.

Erect or scandent shrubs or

Juss.

Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate

trees.

leaflets

numerous, subopposite, serrate. Panicles axillary and terminal. Flowers small,

Calyx 5-partite segments imbricate, persistent. Petals 5,
green, polygamous.
small, oblong, imbricate.
Disk broad, 5-lobed. Stamens 10, inserted at the
Ovary in the <$ immersed in the disk, 4-5base of the disk anthers globose.
lobed, with 4-5 styles ; in the $ ovoid, more free, 1-celled style short, conic,
stigma simple ovule pendulous from the top of the cell. Drupe obliquely oblong, fleshy stone rugose, crustaceous.
Seed oblong, testa membranous cotyledons large, plano-convex ; radicle superior. Distbie. Species 8 or 10, chiefly
American.
;

T. hirsuta, Hookf.

Benth fy Hook. f. Gen. Plant, i. 423; Robergia

Pegia nitida, Coleb. in Trans* Linn. Soc. xv.
364 Phlebochiton, Wall, in Trans. Med. $ Phys. Soc. Calc. vii. 230 ; P. externum, Oat. 8499.
1.

hirsuta, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

455

ii.

in
;

Central and Eastern

tropical Himalaya, from Nipal and Sikkim, ascending to

to Bhotan, Griffith.
Assam, Silhet, and Chittagong.
scandent shrub, more or less clothed with soft villous tomentum. Leaves 8-12
petiole
villous,
slender;
leaflets
in. ;
petiolulate, 5-7 pairs, 1-4 in., oblong, acuminate,
membranous, rarely quite entire, base cordate.
Panicles villous; bracts ovate.
Flowers
in. diam., pale, sweet-scented.
Drupe the size of a currant, black ; flesh
next the stone cellular and full of viscid brown balsam.

4000

ft.

11.

PENTASPADON,

Hook.

f.

Leaves odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite subsessile, quite entire. Pabranched, branchlets very slender. Flowers pedicelled,
minute, hermaphrodite.
Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate.
Petals 5, oblong-obovate,
Stamens 5, minute, inserted at the base of the disk, alterstrongly imbricate.
nate with 5 short subulate staminodes which are free or adnate to the side of the
anthers didymous. Disk cupular, obdisk, filaments short, broadly subulate
scurely 10-lobed. Ovary seated on the disk, very minute, 1-celled, contracted into
a stout short style, stigma globose or obliquely oblong, large ; ovule 1, pendulous
from the upper part of the cavity.
Trees.

nicles axillary, peduncled,

1.

P.

velutinus, Hook.

f.

petioles

leaflets

beneath and panicles

clothed with velvety tomentum.

Malacca, Maingay.
Branchlets stout, woody, cylindric, covered with close-set scars of fallen leaves, tips
-velvety. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches petiole 6-10 in. stout, cylindric,
leaflets 2-3| in. subsessile
velvety, bearing no leaflets on the lower third or fourth
;

except the petiolulate terminal one, oblong, acute or acuminate, base rather oblique
and rounded, thinly coriaceous, opaque above with pubescent midrib, thickly tomentose beneath nerves 12-14 pairs, slender, arched. Panicles usually shorter than the
branchlets
leaves, triangular, densely velvety, except the flowers, peduncle 2-4 in.
very numerous, erecto-patent, strict, very slender indeed, much divided and spreadCalyx lobes
Flowers
in. diam. on short glabrous pedicels
bracts minute.
ing.
ovate. Petals spreading, minutely puberulous. Stamens and Ovary very minute, as
compared to the petals. Drupe 1 in. long, rather scurfy outside, compressed, ovoid,
obliquely beaked, 1-celled pericarp cellular and full of black varnish, endocarp thin.
;

,;

xlvi. anacardiacejE.

Odina.']

(J.

D. Hooker.)

2S>

Seed pendulous, oblong, compressed testa thin cotyledons thin, flat radicle supeMaingay notes that this tree is polygamo-dicecious, but all the flowers I have
Owing to the minuteness of the parts of the
examined seem to be" hermaphrodite.
flower he states he was unable to make out the structure of the ovary, and ovules.
That I have given is, I think, correct.
The genus Pentaspadon was founded on a Bornean plant (Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii.
168 t. 24), afterwards published from Sumatran specimens as Nothoprotium by Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 527), who referred it to Burseraceoe. Miquel's description
is most imperfect, and I added to it in the Genera Plantarum the character of having two
styles, taken from flowers sent to me by Miquel as belonging to his plant, but which
Marchand (Kev. Anacard. 90, 183) was
prove to belong to a totally different one.
the first to identify Nothoprotium with Pentaspadon, and his identification I haveconfirmed by specimens subsequently received from Miquel. The fruit of the original
species being unknown, it is possible that that here, described may not be con-

rior.

generic.

12.

Trees with few stout

ODINA,

Roxb.

Leaves few at the ends of the branches

soft branches.

odd-pinnate, deciduous ; leaflets opposite, quite entire. Racemes

simple and panicled, terminal, fascicled. Floioers small, monoecious or dioecious,
Calyx 4-5-lobed, persistent lobes rounded, imfascicled, shortly pedicelled.
bricate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Disk annular, 4-5-lobed. Male el. Stamens
Ovary 4r-5 parted. Fem. fl. Ovary sessile,
8-10, inserted within the disk.
oblong, 1-celled styles 3-4, stout, stigmas simple or capitellate ovule pendulous
from near the top of the cell. Drupe small, compressed, reniform, crowned
Seed compressed ; embryo curved, cotyleby the distant styles ; stone hard.
dons flat flesby, radicle superior. Distrib. About 12 species, of which most
are African.

alternate,

1. O. Wodier, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 293

Enum. 78 Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 42 Wt.
;

Wall. Cat. 8475 ; Royle III. t. 31 ; Dalz.

Flor. 123.Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 32.

W.
Ic.

t.

Gibs.

A. Prodr. i. 171 ; Thwaites

60 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 123
Bomb. Fl. 51 ; Brandts For.

8f

Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the extreme N.W. and along the foot of
the Himalaya (ascending to 4000 ft.) to Assam, Bibma, Tenasserim, the Andaman
Islands, and Ceylon.
deciduous ugly tree 40-50 ft. trunk very thick branches few bark exfoliating young parts clothed with stellate down. Leaves 12-18 in. ; petiole terete leaflets 3-4 pairs, petiolulate, 3-6 in., oblong-ovate, caudate-acuminate, quite entire.
Racemes slender, S compound, 2 simple pubescent. Flowers 4-merous, fascicled,
Sepals obtuse, ciliate. Petals twice as
shortly cymose, inodorous bracts ciliate.
Stamens equalling the petals
long, oblong, spreading, purplish and greenish-yellow.
Drupe red. The tissues abound in starch, whence it is most easy to inin the $
crease this tree by cuttings of almost any part.

13.

FAMSHIA,Hook.f.

Beautiful flowering trees. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate ; leaflets numerous,

Panicles ample, nodding. Flotvers dioecious. Male.
quite entire, coriaceous.
Petals 4, oblong, imbricate.
Calyx cupular, 4-lobed ; lobes ovate, valvate.
Disk short, annular, obscurely 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted below the margin
Fem. el. Calyx 4-lobed, lobes
of the disk. Rudimentary ovary columnar.
Ovary sessile, ovoid,
greatly enlarged in fruit. Petals 4. Disk ? Stamens 4 ?
1-celled ; style terminal, unequally 3-fid, stigmas capitate ; ovule pendulous
Fruit dry, globose, pubescent, pointed by
from near the top of the cell.
the style-base, pericarp thin. Seed pendulous, testa membranous ; cotyledons
amygdaloid ; radicle superior. Distrib. The following are the only species.


"30

xlyi. anacaediace^;.
1.

6-8

P. insigriis, Hook. f.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Parishia.

in Trans. Linn.

Soc. xxiii. 170, t. 26

leaflets
-oblong oblique glabrous beneath,
Astronium insigne, Marchand Rev. Anacard. 177.
;

pairs, thinly coriaceous, ovate-cordate or

fruiting sepals

3-3

in.

Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith Andaman Islds., Parish, Kurz.

Leaves 1-2 ft., petiole cylindric, glabrous leaflets petiolulate, 5-8 in., variable in
shape, often gradually narrowed to the tip from just above the base, shining above,
nerves 12-20 pairs, slender, arched.
reticulated beneath; midrib quite excentric
Panicles as long as the leaves, villous with spreading hairs. Flowers | in. diam.,
broadly campanulate. Sepals pubescent. Disk tomentose. Drupe the size of a large
pea, globose, pointed, tomentose enlarged sepals puberulous, acute or rounded at the
;

tip.

2.

P. IMaing*ayi, Hook.

f.

10-12

leaflets

pairs, thickly coriaceous

oblong or linear-oblong obtuse puberulous beneath, fruiting sepals 6-7

in.

Malacca, Maingay.
A tree abounding in a resinous slightly viscid secretion {Maingay). Leaves
crowded at the ends of the branches; petiole 12-18 in., pubescent woody terete
shining above, with
leaflets 3-5 in., shortly petiolulate, base rounded, hard,
obscure nerves; beneath minutely puberulous, and minutely reticulated; nerves
15-30 pair, slender, spreading, nearly straight. Panicles apparently shorter than
Disk pilose.
Young fruit densely
the leaves, pubescent. Petals linear-oblong.
;

clothed with hispid ferruginous bristles; fruiting sepals puberulous, nearly 1 in.
I have assumed that the fruits belong to the leaves of the plant
broad, tip rounded.
with which Maingay has placed them ; but in cne of his Herbarium specimens, the

leaves of P. Maingayi are fastened down with the fruit of a species with pubescent
pericarp and acute fruiting sepals 4 by 1| in.
3. P. pubescens, Hook. f. ; leaflets 5 pair thickly coriaceous oblong
acute or acuminate pubescent beneath, fruiting sepals 5 in.

Malacca, Maingay.

A lofty tree.

Leaves 8-14 in. petiole pubescent, terete leaflets 3-5 in., subbase rounded, above glabrous except the midrib, shining, beneath lurid
thickly pubescent much reticulate; nerves 10-12 pairs, very strong, arched. Panicle
divided to the base into numerous fascicled branches, densely softly tomentose.
Ovary conical, pilose styles 3. Drupe \ in. long,
Flowers | in. diam., pedicelled.
between conical and spherical, densely tomentose. Pericarp cartilaginous fruiting
sepals \ in. diam., tip rounded.
;

sessile,

14.

SE1HECARPUS,

Linn.

f.

Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers small,

Trees.
polygamous or dioecious, in terminal, rarely axillary panicles. Calyx 5-6-fid, segments deciduous. Petals 5-6, imbricate. Disk broad, annular. Stamens 5-6,
inserted at the base of the disk, imperfect in the $ flowers.
Ovary 1-celled ;
Drupe fleshy, oblong or substyles 3 ; ovule pendulous from a basal funicle.
globose, oblique, seated on a fleshy receptacle formed of the thickened disk and
calyx base ; pericarp loaded with acrid resin. Seed pendulous, testa coriaceous,
inner coat somewhat fleshy embryo thick, cotyledons plano-convex, radicle
Disteib. About 20 species, tropical Asiatic and Australian.
superior.
;

f Leaves

more or

less

pubescent beneath.

Panicles pubescent (see also

7. S. marginata).
1. S. Anacardium, Linn. f. ; leaves very large oblong or obovateoblong tip rounded, base rounded cordate or cuneate opaque above brown
minutely pubescent beneath, panicle tomentose, drupe 1 in. Roxb. Flor. Ind.

83

anacardiace^;.

xlvi.

Semecarpus."]
ii.

Cor. PI.

t.

i.

12

Bomb. PL 41 Bah. 8?
Wall.
For. Flor. 124
;

W. $ A.

Gibs.

cardimn latifolium, Lanik. HI.

t.

31

168 Wt. Ic. t. 558 Grah. Cat.

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 166 Brandts
S. latifolius, Pers. (ex Marchand).
AnarProdr.

Bomb. Fl. 52

Cat. 8473.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

208.

i.

A. officinarum, Gcsrtn.

Tropical outer Himalaya, from Sirmore to Sikkim, ascending to 3500 ft. and
throughout the hotter parts of India, as far east as Assam (absent in the Eastern
Peninsula and Ceylon). Distrib. Eastern Archipelago and N. Australia.
A moderate-sized dioecious deciduous tree, exuding a dark juice young parts
Leaves 9-30
petioles leaves beneath and panicle clothed with a fine pale pubescence.
by 5-12 in., very coriaceous, fiat, margin cartilaginous, rarely linear-oblong, usually
contracted below the middle; nerves 16-25 pairs, stout, slightly arched; petiole
1-2 in., rounded, not winged. Panicle equalling or shorter than the leaves, stout
bracts lanceolate. Flowers \-^ in. diam., subsessile, fascicled.
branches spreading
Filaments subulate.
Petals much longer than the calyx, oblong, greenish-white.
Drupe 1 in. long, obliquely ovoid or oblong, smooth, shining, black cup orange-red.
Var. cuneifolia DC. Prodr. ii. 62 leaves cuneate at the base often tomentose
beneath. Tropical Himalaya, Khasia Mts., Behar, and the Concan. S. cuneifolia,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 86 Grah. Cat Bomb. PI. 41.
;

S. microcarpa,

Wall. Cat. 989; leaves large obovate or subpandurirounded base acute obtuse or rounded glabrous and opaque above
pale with fine subscabrid pubescence beneath, drupe in.
2.

form

tip

Birma

on the Irawaddy, Wallich.

in habit and foliage to 8. Anacardium, but the drupes are less than
half the size. Kurz's 8. albescens (see p. 35), which he describes as having the petals
valvate or subvalvate, a glabrous disk, pubescent ovary and 3 thick styles found in
the Moung forests, Pegu, by Dr. Brandis, may possibly be this.

Very similar

leaves lanceolate finely acumi3. S. pubescens, Thwaites Enum. 77

nate under surface and petiole velvety-tonientose nerves nearly straight, panicles
slender velvety, drupe in.
;

Ceylon, at Eatnapoora, Walker, Thwaites.

small tree (Thwaites). Leaves 6-12 by 2-2| in., opaque and glabrous above
except the pubescent midrib, densely clothed with rusty brown tomentum beneath,
base acute or rounded; nerves 16-20 pairs, somewhat arched; petiole -1 in. Panicle
with very spreading branches. Flowers glabrous. Drupe oblong, slightly oblique, as
broad as the short cup.

4. S. Tliwaitesii, JTook.f.; leaves lanceolate finely acuminate under

surface and petiole laxly pubescent or glabrate nerves much arched, panicles

glabrate.

me

Ceylon, at Morowe Corle, Thwaites.

This, which is regarded by Thwaites as a glabrous form of 8. pubescens, seems to
to be at once distinguished not only by the different pubescence, but by the much

.arched nerves.

** Leaves glabrous on both surfaces.

Panicles glabrous.

S. travancorica, Bedd. Flor. Sylv. t. 232 ; leaves very large oblong

obovate- oblong thickly coriaceous, shining and reticulate on both surfaces,
lip rounded, base rounded or acute, petiole 2 in.
5.

or

Western Peninsula; Travancor

G-hats, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome.

Leaves 12 by 5-6 in., occasionally lanceolate and acuminate,
very coriaceous, dark green and shining above, paler beneath nerves 16-18 pairs,
much reticulated beneath petiole 2 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, compound,
spreading, about equalling the leaves. Flowers dioecious, 5-6-merous.
Calyx pubes-

A very large

tree.


32

xlvi. ANACARDiACEiE.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Drupe

and ciliate, $ with a largo turbinate rudiment of an ovary.

oblong, rounded at the tip ; cup broad, short. Beddome.

cent,

6.
t.

187

[Semecarpus.
obliquely

1 in.,

S. auriculata, Beddome
;

Fl. Sylv. under t. 232 ; Ic. Plant. Ind. Or.,

leaves sessile oblanceolate tip obtuse reticulate on both surfaces nerves

strong beneath.

Western Peninsula

A good-sized

Travancor and Tinnevelly Mountains, Haync, Beddome.

Leaves 7 by If in., oblanceolate, obtusely acuminate,

very gradually narrowed at the base and there furnished with 2 rounded lobes just
above the petiole, dull green, glabrous, midrib slightly rusty, margin membranous,
Flowers <? 3-5-merous.
Drupe
petiole i-| in.
reticulations prominent beneath
obliquely obovate, \ in. diam., broader than long, very oblique cup short, broad.
dioecious tree.

Beddome.
7. S. znarg-inata, Thwaites Enum. 77 ; leaves 6-14 in. elliptic-obovate
or oblanceolate abruptly obtusely acuminate glabrous or pilose beneath, base
contracted auricled margin broadly cartilaginous, petiole very short and thick,
panicle from the old wood glabrous or pilose, nut \ in.

Ceylon; damp
Walker, Thwaites.

forests in the Galle,

Eatnapoora and

Ambagamowa

districts,

An

Leaves 2|-5 in. broad, bright brown

erect shrub, 6-8 ft., sparingly branched.
dry, but hardly shining, white margin
in. broad,"reticulate beneath ; nerves
about 12 pairs, slender, arched ; midrib grooved beneath; petiole \ in., remarkably
thick.
Panicle short, slender. Nut ovoid, subcompressed, oblique, reddish cup half
as long, scarlet. Described chiefly from Thwaites, who states that there is a form
with the leaves beneath clothed with spreading rigid hairs.

when

8. S. obovata, Moon Cat. 22; leaves 3-7 in. subsessile very broadly
obovate or oblong thickly coriaceous shining on both surfaces, tip rounded or
Thiuaites Enum. 77.
retuse, base cordate, panicles quite glabrous.

Ceylon

at Caltura

A m6derate-sized

and Eatnapoora.

glabrous throughout. Leaves 2^-3^ in. broad, very thick,

dark brown above when dry, paler beneath, reticulated on both surfaces, but the
nervules not well defined nerves 6-8 pair petiole | in. Panicles rather slender,
Unripe nut oblong, with a rather elongate
branches spreading. Flowers minute.
narrow cup.
tree,

9. S. DXoonii, Thwaites Enum. 77; leaves 6-12 in. oblong or oblonglanceolate shortly acuminate thickly coriaceous many-nerved much reticulate
beneath, petiole very short, panicle terminal large spreading.

Ceylon, south part of the island, Thwaites.

moderate-sized perfectly glabrous tree. Leaves 2|-3| in. broad, hard, rather
shining grey-green above, with distinct and rather broad reticulations, which are
stronger on the brown unclersurface nerves 18-20 pairs, very spreading, shining
beneath, with the midrib grooved petiole ^- in., very thick. Panicle with a stout
peduncle and spreading branches. Flowers numerous, \ in. diam.
;

10. S. coriacea, Thwaites Enum. 76; very robust, leaves 3-7 in.
obovate or obovate-oblong thickly coriaceous tip rounded much reticulate beneath "base subacute not narrowed into the very short petiole, panicles very
robust with spreading branches, drupe large broader than long.
central province, alt. 5-7000 ft., Thwaites.
moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout branchlets as thick as the finger.
Leaves 1|-3| in. broad, hardly shining, pale above when dry, brown beneath, nerves
10-12 pairs, slightly arched, not well defined, as is the case with the reticulations
beneath ; midrib beneath grooved petiole - in. long, and broad. Panicles fascicled,

Ceylon

;;

xlvi. anacardiacejj.

Semecarpus.']

D. Hooker.)

(J.

Flowers ~ in. diam., sessile, clustered.

rachis very stout.
cordate, compressed, apiculate cup short, narrow.

Nut |

33
in.

diam., obliquely-

leaves peltate 10-15 in.

11. S. subpeltata, Thwaites Enum. 75
oblong or ovate- or obovate-oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate thickly coriaceous broadly margined shining and reticulate above opaque and minutely
closely dotted beneath, panicle terminal stout, nuts transversely oblong.
;

forests between G-alle and Eatnapoora, Thwaites.

large tree, glabrous throughout branchlets as thick as the finger. Leaves
4-6^ in. broad, very thick, polished above and reticulate on both surfaces, base
rounded with the petiole inserted | in. within it nerves 1 6-20 pairs, nearly horizontal
midrib grooved on both surfaces petiole l|-2 in., very stout indeed. Panicle small
Flowers in. diam. Nut 1| in. broad,
for the size of the plant, branches spreading.
very handsome plant.
much shorter ; cup large, kidney-shaped, fleshy.

Ceylon

12.

S. G-ardneri, Thwaites Enum. 76 & 410;

leaves

6-15

in.

lanceo-

late or elliptic or linear-lanceolate obtusely acuminate strongly closely reticulate

and dark beneath, midrib broad above, petiole 1-2 in., panicles axillary and

terminal, nuts in. obliquely oblong broader than long.

Ceylon, common in the central province, ascending to 3000 ft.

moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout branchlets not very stout. Leaves
usually narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, coriaceous, opaque above, dark and densely
base not decurrent on the petiole margin cartilaginous, waved
reticulate beneath
midrib very broad and flat; nerves 10-15 pairs, nearly horizontal or arched and
ascending ultimate venules curved with free ends, pale on a dark green ground.
Panicles numerous, axillary and terminal. Nuts oblique, broader than long; cup
The minute reticulation of the undersurface of the leaf of this species is
shallow.
Thwaites' original 1257 (of first distribution) has leaves of the
quite peculiar.
following species and fruit of this. Marchand (Eev. Anacard. 169) refers this to S.
Anacardium var. angustifolium DC. (Prodr. ii. 62), an Amboyna plant, I know not on
what authority.

leaves 4-7 in. elliptic or oblong-lanceolate

13. S. Walkeri, Hook. f.
acuminate transversely strongly reticulate and pale beneath, midrib slender
above, petiole 1-2 in., panicles terminal axillary and on the old wood, nut ovoidoblong erect half sunk in the cup. S. obscura, Thwaites Enum. 410.
;

Ceylon

Walker, Tliwaites (C. P. 2940).

This, which was first sent out by Thwaites with S. Gardneri, and afterwardsreferred by him to 8. obscura, differs from the latter in the leaves not being decurrent
and the long petioles, and from the former in the very different, reticulation of the
pale undersurface of the leaf, as well as in the form of the nut.
;

leaves 3-0 in. obovate-oblong

14. S. obscura, Thwaites Enum. 76
narrowed into the very short petiole tip obtuse or rounded pale and strongly
reticulate beneath, midrib slender above, panicles terminal, nut ovoid-oblong.
? S. zeylanica, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 189.
S. oblongifolia, var. Thwaites, C.P.
1258 Marchand Rev. Anacard. 169, var. 3.
:

Ceylon

in the central province alt. 3000 ft., Macrae, Thwaites, Gardner.

moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout. Leaves l|-2 in. broad, gradually
decurrent on tho petiole, undersurface and its reticulations like those of 8. Walkeri
Nut | in., half sunk in the cup.
petiole ^ in.
;

15. S. acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 76 ; leaves 4-12 in. elliptic- ovateor oblong-lanceolate finely caudate-acuminate closely reticulate and dark beneath,
petiole f in., panicles terminal and axillary, nut 1 in. obcordate broader than
long. S. oblongifolia, Thwaites Enum. I.e. S. oblongifolia, var. 2, Marchand Rev.
Anacard. 169.
VOL. II.
D

34

xlvi. a-nacabdiace-E.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

\_8emecavpus.

forests in the Galle, Ratnapoora and Ambagamowa districts, Thwaites.

I retain this species with great hesitation, having only a flowery specimen, and
finding it referred to a variety of 8. oblongifolia, by Thwaites, in his Addenda. From
the latter it appears to me to be wholly distinct, having precisely the peculiar reticulation and undersurface colouring of 8. Gardneri, from which it differs in the long
acute tail to the apex of the leaf and slender midrib above. According to Thwaites's
description, it further differs in the less coriaceous leaves, smaller panicle, and
From 8. nigro-viridis and 8. obscura it seems to me to differ
differently shaped fruit.
in the leaf not being decurrent into the petiole, and in its very long acute tip.

Ceylon

S. nigro-viridis, Thwaites Enum. 76 & 410

(excl. var. acumi3-6 in. obovate-cuneate or oblong-obovate narrowed into the

petiole, tip rounded or abruptly obtusely acuminate, pale and reticulate beneath,
midrib above slender, panicles terminal short, nut broader than long.
S.
Maroblongifolia, var. nigro-viridis, Thwaites (O.P. 631, 641, 2444, 2586)
chand Rev. Anacard. 169.

16.

nata)

leaves

Ceylon, central province,

alt.

2-4000

ft.,

Thwaites.

A moderate-sized tree,

glabrous throughout. Leaves 1^2 in. broad, very variable

in breadth, but almost always cuneate-obovate and decurrent on the petiole, which is
i-1 in., very dark green nerves 6-10 pairs, much arched, reticulate as 8. obscura and
Flowers large, | in. diam. Nut
Panicles short, reduced to racemes.
8. Walkeri.
described by Thwaites as obliquely rounded or obcordate, compressed, with a hooked
apiculus, and narrower cup and this they are in his No. 2586, but in one specimen
of 631 they are ovoid and erect, and quite 1 in. long. Thwaites's 631 bis, with $
flowers only, also sent as 8. nigro-viridis, has elliptic-lanceolate leaves finely acuminate
and not narrowed into the petiole, which is longer, with very large spreading panicles.
It is probably identical with his original 1257, mentioned under 8. Gardneri.
;

S. parvifolia, Thwaites Enum. 77;

leaves l-3 in. obovate or

decurrent on the slender petiole tip rounded or obtusely abruptly
acuminate, margin cartilaginous, strongly closely reticulate beneath with thick
S. oblonginervules, racemes terminal slender few-flowered, flowers pedicelled.
folia var. 4, Marchand Rev. Anacard. 169.
17.

elliptic

Ceylon

Galle

district, at

A moderate-sized tree,

Hinidoon Corle, Thwaites.

Leaves the smallest of the genus,

broad, very thickly coriaceous, and with a remarkably strong cartilaginous
border, shining above with a slender midrib, undersurface pale; nerves 7-12 pairs,
petiole in., much more slender than usual in the genus.
nearly horizontal
Racemes shorter than the leaves. Nut unripe, elongate-conic with a curved acuminate
tip and a turbinate narrow cup.

2-11

glabrous throughout.

in.

18. ?S. lurida, Hook./.; leaves 5-8 in. narrowly elliptic-oblong or

-lanceolate obtuse very coriaceous decurrent on the petiole opique and
reticulated beneath with many spreading nerves, midrib above broad, panicles
terminal black when dry shorter than the leaves, flowers minute pedicelled.

Malacca, Maingay.

A tree, quite glabrous throughout. Leaves 1|-2| in. broad, almost shining above,
very opaque and lurid (as if glaucous when fresh) beneath, usually suddenly contracted
into an obtuse tip ; nerves 30-40 pairs, very slender, but not much raised beneath ;
midrib convex and much broader above petiole f-1 in., stout. Panicles terminal
and axillary, much branched, the lateral branches -1 in. long, bearing loose cymes
Calyx obtusely 5-lobed. Petals broadly oblong, obtuse.
in. diam.
of flowers not
;

Ovary imperfect.
Stamens 5, anthers subglobose. Disk broad, fleshy, margin lobed.
I am very doubtful of the genus of this plant, of which I have seen no fruit.

** Leaves glabrous on both surfaces.

Panicles pubescent.

Semecarpiis.']

xlvi. anacardiaceje.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

35

19. S. subpanduriformis, Wall. Cat. 987; leaves lanceolately pandiyiform acuminate membranous white beneath, petiole short slender, panicle
terminal much branched.

Chittagong, Wallich (cult, in Calcutta Bot. Gardens).

Branchlets stout. Leaves 1 ft. and upwards by 3|-4 in., broadest much above the
middle, thence rapidly narrowing upwards to a very acuminate point and downwards
to the petiole but dilating again for one-fourth above the base, exceedingly thin and
membranous, opaque above, beneath brownish white, with faint indications of
pubescence on the nerves and midrib, reticulations very delicate; nerves 16-30, very
Panicles as long as the leaves, very robust and
slender, straight ; petiole \-\ in.
much branched, finely pubescent. Flowers unknown. Fruit immature, obliquely
orbicular, compressed, with a small cup.
20. S. heterophylla, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 187 ; leaves 6-14 in. oblong
or obovate-oblong thickly coriaceous tip abruptly obtusely acuminate shining
above pale and reticulated beneath, petiole -1 in., panicle pubescent very large
with slender erecto-patent branches, flowers minute. Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.
2, 625.

Tenasserim or Andaman Islands, Heifer. Distrib. Sumatra, Java.

Perfectly glabrous except the panicle. Leaves very variable according to Javanese
specimens, 1-4 in. broad, thick, hard, and leathery, reticulated on both surfaces,
whitish beneath, margin thickened, cartilaginous, base acute but not decurrent on the
Panicle of the $ very large, a
petiole nerves 12-15 pairs, shining, somewhat arched.
foot long and more, and as broad; branches strict, pale, the ultimate slender with
small clusters of minute sessile flowers. Ntit in Java specimens transversely oblong,
1 in. diam. ; cup much narrower, shallow, pubescent when young.
;

SPECIES

UNKNOWN OR IMPERFECTLY KNOWN

TO ME.

S. subracemosa, Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 304

young parts puberulous, leaves deciduous ? distant 3-4 in. oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse or
subobtuse subdecurrent into a broad glabrous petiole |-1 in. thinly chartaceous
glaucous glabrous and shining above, glaucous beneath and minutely puberulous when
young, midrib thick, nerves parallel, reticulations lax and conspicuous, panicles
axillary and terminal graceful puberulous, flowers small in fascicled cymes, pedicels
very short densely pubescent, calyx puberulous, petals valvate, filaments capillary,
disk hispid, styles 3 thick. Pegu, Kurz. Probably a Holigarna.
;

acuminata, Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1870,

ii.
75
perfectly glabrous,
cuneate-obovate or -oblong acuminate, base narrowed acute or
acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves slender acutely prominent, reticulations lax conspicuous, panicles terminal slender shorter than the leaves, lax quite glabrous, calyxteeth broad acute, petals oblong-lanceolate acuminate, disk hispid, ovary glabrous,
drupe obliquely oblong broader than long, cup as broad, scarlet. Frequent in the
forests of Arracan on sandstone ; also in Chittagong, Kurz.

S.

leaves 6-12

in.

l^vigata, Thwaites in Herb. (Coll. 3948) a small species in a very imperfect

with glabrous elliptic-obovate obtusely acuminate leaves 2-4 in. long shinin<*
"above transversely strongly reticulated beneath,South parts of Ceylon. S. oblongifolia var. 5, Marchand Bev. Anacard. 109.
S.

_state,

S. albescens, Kurz in Beng. As. Soc. Jour. 1871, ii. ol

'a large tree, young
parts ^velvety -tomentose, leaves 7-12 in. elongate-obovate or cuneate-lanceolate
cuneate
obtusely
acuminate,
base
rounded
or obtuse shining and glabrous
shortly and
above except the pubescent nerves, thinly clothed with white tomentum and sparing
hairy beneath, nerves yellow conspicuous yellowish pilose not tomentose. reticulations
;

.I


36

;;;

xlvi. anacakdiaceje.

i-1

D. Hooker.)

(J.

[Semecarpus.

thick tomentose, panicle densely yellow tomentose usually shorter

^-^ in., calyx minute pubescent,
in. shortly pubescent, ovary densely appressodly
petals valvate or subvalvate
hirsute, stigmas 3 thick glabrous, disk glabrous, stamens 5, filaments short rather,
broad 1 or 2 longer and abortive.' Kurz.
Pegu in the Moung forest. Brandis.
lax, petiole

in.

than the leaves, flowers small racemulose, pedicels

15.

DRIMYCARPUS,

Hook.

f.

Lofty trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Racemes or

panicles axillary. Floivers small, subglobose, polygamous.
Calyx superior;
Petals 5, erect, orbicular, imbricate. Disk broad,
lobes 5, rounded, imbricate.
Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary inferior, 1-celled
annular.
style 1, very short ; stigma capitate ; ovule attached to the wall of the cell.
Drupe transversely obliquely ovoid, fibrous, flesh resinous ; stone coriaceous.
Seed attached to the wall of the cell, testa membranous ; embryo thick, cotyledons plano-convex radicle minute opposite the liihmi ; plumule hairy.
Distrib. 2 or 3 Indian species.
1. D. racemosus, Hook.f. in Benth. $ Hook.f. Gen. PI. i. 424; leaves
linear-oblong or lanceolate acuminate glaucous beneath, margins waved. Holigarna racemosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 82 ; Wall. Cat. 1000.

Sikkim and Bhotan Himalaya,

O-4000 ft.

alt.

2-5000

ft.

Silhet and Khasia Mts.,

alt.

A large tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 4-12 in., coriaceous, shining above,
opaque and grey beneath nerves 20-30 pairs, strongly arched reticulations delicate
petiole in., stout.
Racemes branched in axillary
midrib above rather broad
Flowers
in. diam.,
fascicles, shorter than the leaves, pubescent or glabrate.
crowded, the males most so, greenish-white. Drupe red, 1 in. diam. Marchand
(Kev. Anacard. 172) mentions a Holigarna angustifolia Koxb. as identical with this,
but I find no such name published by Koxburgh.
;

16.

HOLIGAENA,

Ham.

Lofty trees. Leaves alternate, simple, petioled, entire, coriaceous ; petiole

furnished with 2 or 4 spur-like decidous appendages. Racemes or panicles
Floivers small, crowded, polygamous.
Calyx superior
axillary and terminal.
tube cup-shaped teeth 5, imbricate. Petals 5, densely villous in front, cohering
with the edge of the disk and at the base, persistent, valvate. Disk lining the
Stamens 5, inserted on the edge of the disk,
calyx-tube, obscure in the $
coherent at the base with the petals, filaments subulate, glabrous ; anthers
Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; styles 3-5, terminal, stigmas
small, subglobose.
capitate or clavate ; ovule pendulous from near the top of the cell. D?-upe subcompressed, oblong or ovoid, resinous, acrid ; stone coriaceous. Seed parietal,
testa membranous; embryo thick, cotyledons plano-convex; radicle minute
next the' hiliim. Distrib. 7 species, all Indian.
;

* Leaves quite glabrous beneath.

H. rnottiana, Hook.f. ; leaves cimeate-obovate obtuse or acute quite

glabrous decurrent on the petiole, petiole with two tubercles at the top, panicles
slender tomentose, drupe glabrous. II. longifolia, Wt. fy Am. Prodr. i. 160
Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 41 Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. FL 51 ; Beddome Fl, Sylv. t.
167 (not of Roxburgh). Terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 8504.
1.

Western Peninsula

from the Concan southwards on the Ghats.

xlvi. anacardiaceji.

Holigarna.']

(J.

D. Hooker.)

37

A tree,

branches stout. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, shining above, reticuand glaucous or not beneath nerves 16-20 pairs, strong, nearly straight, prominent on both surfaces petiole -1 in., rather slender petiolar spurs early deciduous. Panicles of compound racemes, axillary and terminal, shorter or longer than
Flowers crowded, minute, ^ in.
the leaves, thickly rufous-tomentose when dry.
diam., enveloped in tomentum. Drupe 1 in., obliquely oblong, rounded at the top, quite
glabrous, long pedicelled.
Wight's originally distributed specimens (No. 526) have
lated

leaves pubescent beneath.

II.

2.

ferrug'inea, Marchand Rev. Anarcard. 171

rounded at the

leaves cuneate-obovate

on the petiole, petiole with two

racemes robust clothed with dark rusty tomentum.

tip quite glabrous decurrent

tubercles at the

top,

Terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 8503.

"Western Peninsula

Coorg, Herb. Stocks

Travancor, Herb. Wall.

Manga-

Wight.

lore,

Very similar to H. Arnottiana, but the racemes are short and very robust, less
branched and clothed with a deeper red (when dry) tomentum, and the flowers are
much larger, being fully \-\ in. diam. Stamens longer than the petals. Styles 3-4 in.,
elongate.
The terminal bud of this species seems more glabrous than in the H.

Arnottiana.

H.

long-ifolia, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. 79, t. 282; Fl. Ind, ii. 80; leaves
very narrowly cuneate-oblanceolate acuminate membranous glabrous and
glaucous beneath, petiole very short and thick, petiolar spurs 2 or 4 persistent
or deciduous, $ panicle finely pubescent. DC. Prodr. ii. 63.
3.

1-2

ft.

Chtttagong, Roxburgh, &c. Pegu, Kurz.

bark white. Leaves thinly coriaceous, hardly shining above, ciliate
tree
when quite young, ending in a long acuminate point, gradually narrowed from above
the middle to the base which is hardly decurrent on the petiole nerves 20-25 pairs,
erecto-patent, slender, reticulations large
petiole \-% in.
Panicle very large and
;

A tall

Fruiting panicle 18 in. long,

spreading, $ tomentose. Flowers
in. diam., clustered.
with spreading decurved branches. Drupes (immature) oblong. Specimens from
Kurz.
4. XX. Helferi, Hook.
acuminate glaucous beneath
tiole, spurs two on each side
densely tomentose, 9 simple

f. ; leaves 8-16 in. cuneate-oblanceolate acute or

rather coriaceous, decurrent on the very short peslender persistent, $ panicle much branched softly
racemose.

Tenasserim at Mergui, Heifer.

Branchlets stout, as thick as the finger. Leaves very variable in size, the smaller
7 by 2 in., with 10-12 pairs of nerves the large 16 by 4 in., with 26 pairs of nerves
upper surface opaque, under purplish-brown when dry ; midrib very prominent,
grooved, nerves slightly arched, slender transverse venules reticulated. Panicles $
rather slender, clothed with soft lax ferruginous tomentum. Flowers
in. diam.,
small glomerules
9 in stout simple racemes, pedicelled, very much larger than
the $
Drupe subcylindrie, truncate, f in. This may prove to be a form of H.
longifolia, but I do not think so.
;

** Leaves pubescent beneath.

5. H. G-rahamii, Hook. f. (not of Kurz) ; leaves 12-16 in. oblanceolatecuneate triangular above the middle and acuminate finely pubescent beneath,
petiole very short and thick, petiolar spurs 2 or 4 persistent.
Semecarpus Grahamii, Wt. Ic. t. 235 ; III. i. 185 Dalz. 8>- Gibs. Bo?nb. Fl. 52.
;

Western Peninsula; Ooncan, Graham, &c.

A tree 20-30 ft. branchlets very robust. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., gradually nar
rowed from above the middle to the base, hardly decurrent on the petiole, very rigidly
;

;;

38

xlyi. anacaediace^:.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

coriaceous, shining above, pale and reticulated beneath ; nerves

petiole \ in., spurs 1 or 2 on each side \-^ in.

minent beneath
a foot long,

[Holigarna.

20-30 pairs, very proPanicles terminal,

much branched, clothed with ferruginous tomentum,

$ about | in. diam. Styles 3. Drupe ovoid, glabrous,
<j>

shorter.

<

Flowers

clustered,
in. long, upper
or exserted. Kurz gives this as a native of Pegu, but the plants he sends to Kew
under this name are in part the true H. longifolia of Koxburgh, and in part H. albicans.
H. Grahamii differs from H. longifolia in the leaf being more triangular at
the top, not rounded and suddenly acuminate.

6.

times

XX.

Beddomei,

membranous and

some; leaves 10-22 in. cuneate-oblanceolate

acute or acuminate densely velvety beneath young

Hook. f.

much produced below

ciliate,.

"Western Peninsula Anamallay hills, Beddome.

An enormous tree, Beddome. Leaves when old 10 in. long, coriaceous, densely
velvety, rufous
nerves 18-22 pairs, stout, ferruginous, those of young plants 20 in.
long, membranous, ciliate with long hairs on the margin midrib and under surfaces
nerves slender 40-50 pairs, horizontal in the lower very elongated portion, more
;

arching above; petiole short; stipular spurs capillary, caducous.

of which the leaves only are known.

A very fine

species

7. XX. albicans, Hook. f. ; leaves 6-16 in. oblanceolate-cuneate or oblong

coriaceous acuminate shining and reticulate above white beneath and glabrous
or very minutely pubescent in the midrib only laxly reticulate, panicle pubescent as long as the leaf much branched, branches slender,
flowers shortly pedicelled ^ in. diam., drupe broader than long oblique.
H. Grahamii, Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 205.

Pegu, Maktaban, Kurz, McLelland, Scott.

Branchlets as thick as the thumb. Leaves 2-4 in. broad, base not decurrent on
the petiole, obtuse; midrib stout faintly grooved; nerves 14-18 pairs all raised,
arched
petiole i-f in.
Panicle of $ peduncled, rachis curved, branches very
slender, spreading of $ also much branched and spreading.
Flowers $ only seen.
Sepals small. Petals obtuse, pubescent.
Filaments very slender. Bisk pubescent.
;

diam. when dry, turgid, somewhat compressed, ve.ry oblique,

smaller, convex, puberulous.
Apparently a very distinct species, of which a large-leaved specimen from Kurz is marked H. Grahamii,
Kurz (Semecarpus, "Wight.) I find no trace of spurs on the petiole, but havo seen
no very young leaves. Kurz describes this as beard-like.

Drupe

pedicelled,

in.

the exposed portion

much

17.

ZtXELANOCKYLA,

Hook.

f.

Trees.
Leaves simple, very coriaceous, exstipulate, quite entire. Panicles
branched, axillary and terminal.
Floivers small, unisexual.
Calyx-tube persistent, enlarged in fruit and adnate to the very base of the drupe, cupular,
lobes 5, erect.
Petals 5, inserted on the edge of the disk, very coriaceous, persistent, erect or suberect, villous in front, valvate.
Disk lining the calyx-tube.
Stamens inserted on the edge of the disk, filaments stout, sometimes coherent at
the base with the petals villous ; anthers oblong.
Ovary globose, 1-celled
Drupe
style short, stigmas 3 ; ovule 1, pendulous from near the top of the cell.
globose, areolate at the base by the enlarged calyx, flesh full of black varnish
stone thick, hard.
Seed oblong, testa thin ; cotyledons amygdaloid, radicle
superior.
Distkib. The following are the only known species.
1. XVI. tomentosa, Hook.
f. ; branchlets petiole panicle and midrib beneath velvety-tomentose, leaves oblong acuminate rounded or subcordate at the

base.

xlvi. anacardiace^.

Melanochyla.']

(J.

D. Hooker.)

39

Malacca, Maingay.
Branchlets rather stout, densely clothed with soft spreading ferruginous tomentum.
Leaves 6-14 by 2-4 in., hard, smooth but hardly polished above, with a slender midrib, not reticulated; beneath pale with 30-35 pairs of strong arched pubescent
nerves, and faint reticulations petiole very thick, \-% in.
Panicle exceeding the
leaves, rachis almost villous, branches spreading pubescent.
Flowers <J minute,
in.
diam.,
in
small
lateral
cymes,
Calyx lobed for half
shortly
pedicelled.
33
way down, lobes obtuse. Petals oblong, obtuse, pubescent outside, villous within, very
coriaceous.
Filaments rigid nearly as long as the petals.
Drupe elliptic, globose,
1-1| in. diam., orange-yellow, clothed with ferruginous (when dry) pubescence, and
full of black varnish.
;

2. HE. angustifolia, Hook. /. leaves linear-lanceolate or -oblanceolate

acuminate quite glabrous, petiole long slender, panicles slender puberulous.
;

Malacca, Maingay.
Branchlets rather slender, minutely puberulous, as are the panicles. Leaves 6-10 by
l? If in., hard, base acute often unequal, margin rather waved, shining on both surfaces, reticulations not well defined
midrib slender above, strong beneath nerves
15-20 pairs, arched; petiole 1-1^- in. very slender, greatly thickened from \ in. above
the base. Panicles chiefly axillary, very slender, longer or shorter than the leaves.
Flowers in lateral cymules, $
in. diam.
like those of M. tomentosa, but much less
tomentose. Drupe unripe A^| in. diam, globose, api dilate, puberulous. Maingay
describes the corolla as imbricate, but I find it to be quite valvate.
;

3.

IH.

Main g* ay i,

late abruptly

Hook.f. leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong or -oblanceoacuminate pubescent beneath, panicle stout tomentose.
;

Malacca, Maingay.

A tree yielding

a copious black varnish, Maingay. Branchlets rather slender, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 5-8 by 2^3^ in., rigidly coriaceous, narrowed into the
petiole, smooth but hardly shining above, beneath minutely pubescent; nerves 20-25
Papairs, strong, arched; reticulations beneath distinct, transverse; petiole f in.
Flowers pubescent, $ in. diam. subsessile
nicle terminal, stout, ferruginous,
$
Filaments rather broad.
more than twice as large, with an almost urceolate calyx.
Ovary globose, hairy. Fruit not seen.
;

4. XWE.

auriculata, Hook.f.

ricled tapering base

leaves narrowly linear-oblong from an au;

recurved acuminate glabrous polished sessile or with a

very short enlarged petiole, panicle

stout pubescent.

Malacca, Maingay.
Branchlets very thick and woody. Leaves 18 by 3-4 in., rigidly coriaceous, apparently folded down the middle, recurved, polished on both surfaces, base^-f in. broad,
nerves about 30 pairs, slightly arched, more prominent above than
auricles recurved
beneath, transverse reticulations faint beneath midrib at the base suddenly expanding into a petiole 1 in. long and as broad, which is adnate to the branch. Panicles
terminal, smaller than the leaves, rusty-pubescent, rachis very stout. Flowers $ clustered about I in. diam.
Drupe oblong-globose, lj-1^ in. diam., puberulous, ribbed
when dry ; stone very thick.
;

18.

NOTHOPSGZA, Blume.

Leaves alternate or opposite, petioled, entire. Racemes short

Flowers small, bracteate, white, polygamous.
Calyx small, 4-5Petals 4-5, spreading, imbricate. Disk annular, 4-5-lobed.
lobed, persistent.
Stamens 4-5, inserted on the margin of the disk, filaments free hairy. Ovary
ovule pendulous
free, sessile, ovoid, 1-celled
style very short, stigma simple

Small

tree.

axillary.


40

xlvi. ANACAKDiACEiE.

style,

flesh

D. Hooker.)

[Notlwpegia.

Drupe depressed-turbinate, striate, tipped with

Seed pendulous; cotyledons thick, plano-convex,
Distrib. The following are the only species.

from near the top of the

the

(J.

cell.

cellular.

radicle short sublateral.

1. N. Colebrookiana, Blume Mas. Bot. i. 203 ; branchlets glabrous,

leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate quite glabrous, margin usually waved. Bedd.
Flor. Sylv. t. 164; Anal. Gen. 79. Pegia? Colebrookiana, Wt. Ic. t. 236; III. i.
185.
Glycycarpus racemosus, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 39 ; Hook. Ic.
PL t. 842 ; Dalz. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 61, excl. syn. ; Thwaites Enum. 78.

Western Peninsula on the Ghats from the Southern Concan southwards.

Ceylon; ascending to 3000 ft. Common.
A small tree, about 15 ft. high, -with milky acrid juice. Leaves 2-8 by l-2 in.,
usually elliptic-oblong with a tendency to be more narrow below than above, rarely
narrower and 8 by l in., base decurrent on the petiole, shining above, usually white
;

beneath nerves 15-20 pair, not prominent beneath, arched, reticulations also not
sharply defined petiole ^f in. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, solitary and
fascicled, strict
branched, much longer and more branched than the $ more or
less pubescent.
Flowers minute
in. diam.
Petals' suberect
< sessile or nearly so,
with recurved tips, hairy on the back. Sepals almost orbicular. Filaments almost
;

Drupe \

glabrous.

Var.

in.

diam., red, top depressed.

Heyneana leaves smaller 2-3

in. more shortly petioled obtuse, drupe blue.

Wall. Cat. 8500.
Var. 2. macrocarpa leaves 3-4 in. obovate-oblong shortly obtusely acuminate
very coriaceous, drupe |-f in. diam., top not depressed. Shevaghery hills, Wight.
1.

Terebinthacea

2. N. travancorica, Beddome MSS. ; branchlets petiole and midrib

beneath pubescent with short spreading hairs, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, petals hairy within.

"Western Peninsula; Travancor, Beddome.

Leaves 6-7 by l- \\ in., almost membranous, margin thickened, green below, ciliate
towards the base which is acute and not decurrent on the petiole nerves 30-35 pairs,
slightly arched; petiole \ in.
Flowers $ in supra-axillary glomerules, in. diam.
Petals ovate-lanceolate.
Filaments hairy, broad. I have seen only imperfect
specimens.
;

3.

N. aureo-fulva, Beddome MSS.

branchlets petiole and midrib be-

neath densely rufous villous, leaves opposite narrow

Western Peninsula

linear.

Tinnevelly, Beddome.
Leaves 7-8 by 1 in., obtuse or acute, rather membranous, shining above, much
reticulated beneath ; nerves about 30 pair, slender, arched ; petiole in.
I have seen
only an imperfect specimen of this very curious species.
;

19.

CAMPNOSPERMA, Thwaites.

Racemes
Leaves alternate, very coriaceous, simple, quite entire.
Trees.
Flowers sessile, minute, hermaphrodite.
axillary, simple or sparingly branched.
Calyx 3-5-partite ; segments erect, persistent, imbricate. Petals 3-6, suborbicular,
Stamens 6-10 ; inserted at the base of the
ovoid, 1-celled (or 2-celled with 1 cell suppressed) ;
style very short, stigma discoid or capitate ; ovule 1, pendulous from the top of
the cell. Drupe ovoid, fleshy ; stone hard, almost 2-celled by a vertical plate
from the top of the horse-shoe shaped cell. Seed pendulous, curved round the
erect, imbricate.

disk.

Ovary

free,

Disk urceolar.
sessile,


Campnosjperma.'] xlvl anacardiace^j.

(J. J).

Hooker.)

41

imperfect septum ; cotyledons curved, flattish ; radicle short superior.

genus
of 6 species, of -which one is a native of Madagascar, and another of the
Seychelles.

Thivaites in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vi. 65, t. i.

leaves glabrous above dotted beneath finely reticulate, racemes short
stout glabrous.
1.

C. zeylanicum,

JEnum. 78

Ceylox;

Saffragan

and

Ambamagowa

districts,

on

generally

river

banks.

Thwaites.

ramous tree, 30-40 ft. ; branchlets stout, terete, youngest parts minutely scaly.
Leaves 3-7 by 2-2 in., elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate or obovate, obtuse, base decurrent on the petiole, thickly coriaceous, smooth and beautifully reticulated on both
surfaces, the numerous spreading nerves hardly more distinct than the reticulations,
pale brown when dry, covered beneath with minute dot-like scales midrib prominent
beneath ; petiole stout ^-f in. Raceme usually shorter than the leaves, rachis stout.
Flowers jj in. diam. Drupe nearly globose, 3^ in. diam, purple.
;

2. C. macrophylla, Hook. f. ; leaves obovate-oblong or obcuneate tip

rounded puberulous beneath, reticulations obscure, nerves close-set 20-35 pairs,
racemes furfuraceously-pubescent. Buchanania macrophylla, Blume Mus. Bot.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 637.
i. 185
j

Malacca,

Sincapore Schomburgk, &c. Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.

branchlets pubescent, as thick as the finger. Leaves full grown,
8-14 by 3^-6| in., thickly coriaceous, shining above, and scarcely reticulate beneath,
clothed with a very fine rusty down
nerves nearly straight, strong, transverse,
venules obscure ; petiole 1-3 in., very stout, winged, channelled above, pubescent all
Panicles slender, very variable in length, sometimes 1 ft., lateral branches
Over.
short or long. Flowers very minute, in clusters along the rachis and branches,
Sepals rounded, pubescent. Petals orbicularglobose, Jo i n diam., tetramerous.
Filaments shortly subulate. Drupe |f in., subacute, comovate, obtuse, erect.
pressed, nearly orbicular ; stone crustaceous, 3-4-celled.
Griffith.

A small tree

3. C. G-riffithii, Marchand Rev. Anacard. 174 ; leaves obovate-oblong or

obcuneate, tip rounded perfectly glabrous reticulate on both surfaces, nerves
14-18 pairs, racemes furfuraceously pubescent. Semecarpus ? grandifolia, Wall.
Cat. 985.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay Penang, Porter.

A tall shrubby tree, Wallich. Very similar in foliage to C. macrophylla, but the
leaves are less thick, perfectly glabrous and reticulate on both surfaces, the nerves
fewer and more distant, the petioles longer (2-3 in.) and winged to the base, and the
panicles are more slender.
Griffith (MSS.) describes the flowers as k 5-merous, but I
find them to be 4-merous.
;

4. C. auriculata, Hook. f. ; leaves obovate-spathulate auricled at the

very base tip rounded quite glabrous reticulated on both surfaces, nerves 12-18
pair, panicles pubescent very slender.
Buchanania auriculata, Blume Mm.
Bot. i. 185 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 637.
;

Sixcapore, Maingay, T. Anderson. Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.

Leaves of the same character as those of C. Griffithii but smaller, 6-9 by 2-3 in.,
coriaceous, very gradually narrowed downwards into the petiole, which is |-1 in., the
auricles quite small, beautifully reticulate on both surfaces, as in C. zeylanica, nerves
arched, very slender. Panicle as in P. grandifolia, but less pubescent.
Flowers
similar, 4-merous.


42

xlvi. anacaediacej].

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Spondias.

SPONDXAS, Linn.

20.

Leaves usually crowded at the tips of the

leaflets sub-opposite, usually caudate-acuminate.
Panicles terminal, spreading. Flowers small, polygamous.
Calyx small,
Petals 4-5, spreading, subvalvate.
4-5-fid, deciduous, lobes slightly imbricate.
Disk cupular, broad, crenate. Stamens 8-10, inserted beneath the disk. Ovary
sessile, free, 4^5-celled ; styles 4-5, conniving ; ovules solitary, pendulous in
the cells.
Drupe fleshy ; stone hard, thick, 1-5-celled, the cells erect or
diverging and opening by canals through the top of the stone. Seeds pendulous,
testa membranous embryo straight, cotyledons' elongate plano-convex, radicle
short superior. Distrib. About 8 species all tropical.

Deciduous glabrous

trees.

"branches, alternate, odd-pinnate

Wall. Cat. 8477 A. ; with

; Eoxb. Fl. hid. ii. 452
a South-Sea Island plant, introduced into India, and called
Hog-plum' and Otaheite Apple.'
Wall. Cat. 8477 B. from the Calcutta gardens is
in part S. lutea, L., the Hog-plum of the West Indies.
Spondias?; Wall. Cat. 8479, from Hurdwar appears to be Rhus succedanea,

Linn.

Spondias

dttlcis,

crenate longer
'

leaflets,

Willd.

is

'

1. S. mangifera, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 75; leaflets 4r-6 pairs 2-9 in.
oblong acuminate quite entire, panicle 1-2 ft., drupe ovoid, stone rough and
fibrous.
Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 451
W. cy A. Prodr. 173 Wt. HI. i. 186, t. 76 ;
Wall. Cat. 8476 Bedd, Fl. Sylv. t. 169 Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 19
Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 42 Brand. For. Flo?\ 128. S. amara, Lamk. Ham. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 531. Evia amara, Comm. ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 234
Thwaites Fnum. 78. Mangifera pinnata, Koen. (not Lamk.). Rheede Hort.
Mai. i. t. 50.
;

Throughout India from the Indus eastwards and southwards to Malacca and
Ceylon, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Himalaya. Wild and cultivated. Distrib.
Tropical Asia.
small tree, everywhere glabrous. Leaves 1-1 ^ ft. petiole slender; leaflets 2-9
by 1-4 in., shortly petiolulate, shining, more or less oblique nerves 10-30 on each
Panicles large, spreading,
side, horizontal, joined by a strong intra-marginal one.
sparingly branched. Flowers \ in. cliam., scattered, uni- or bisexual. Calyx 5-toothed.
Petals oblong, greenish- white.
Bisk broad, 10-toothed. Filaments short, subulate.
Brupe 1^-2 in. long, yellow, smooth; flesh very austere; stone cavernous, usually
with 1 (1-3) perfect seed. The ' Amra' of the Hindoos, and the Hog-plum of many
Europeans.

S. acuminata, Roxb.

Fl. Ind. ii. 453; leaflets 5-8 pair l-3 in.

caudate-acuminate quite entire or obscurely crenulate, panicle 6-8 in.,
drupe ovoid-globose, stone smooth fibrous. Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 42
W. fy A.
Prodr. 173; Wall. Cat. 8478.
2.

elliptic

Western Peninsula
Kennery

caves,

Malabar, Heyne, Roxburgh

Graham; Canara,

in the

Concan

hills,

near

Ritchie.

An

elegant middling sized tree (Eoxb.), apparently differing from S. mangifera

with longer points, the very short panicle, and smooth
I am right in referring a fruiting plant in Wight's Herbarium to this
species).
In Wallich's Herbarium, specimens of Odina Wodier are mixed with this.
chiefly in the smaller leaves

stone

(if

3. S. axillaris, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 453

leaflets 6-8-pairs ovate-lanceolate
acuminate serrate, drupe ovoid-oblong, stone smooth.
;

Nipal, Roxburgh.
small Melia-looking tree.

Leaves

1 ft.

petiole slender

leaflets shortly petio-

xlvi. anacardiace^.

Spondias.']

D. Hooker.)

(J.

43

3-4 in., pale beneath, not abruptly acuminate as in S.\ mangifera and
acuminata nerves free, arching. Flowers solitary or subsolitary on the branches,
long pedicelled, in. diam., white. Calyx lobes acute. Petals elliptic, subacute.
Ovary 5-celled with 5 short
Filaments short, subulate. Disk annular, 10-lobed.
Drupe 1| in. lbng, rounded at the top, yellow. Stone 5-celled, quite
erect styles.
I know this plant only through Roxburgh's description and excellent drawing,
small.
which represents a true Spondias in the structure of flower, fruit and embryo but
the arched-nerved leaves which he describes as gash-serrate' but figures as obtusely
serrate), and the subsolitary flowers on the branches with peduncles f in. long, are
quite, unlike any Spondias I know.
lulate,

'

4.

S.

macropliylla,

Wall. Cat. 8480

leaflets

3-4-pair 6-9

in. elliptic

acuminate.

Bimia, at Taong-dong, Wallich.

This, of which there are only mutilated leaves and fragments of a panicle without
flower or fruit, in Wallich's Herbarium, may be only S. 7nangifera.

21.

DEACONTOMELUM,

Blume.

Trees.
Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, quite enPanicles axillary and subterminal. Flowers small, pale, hermaphrodite.
Calyx 5-partite, segments conniving, imbricate. Petals 5, suberect, subvalvate.
Disk cup-shaped, crenulate. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary
sessile, 5-celled ; styles 5, thick, erect (like ovaries), connate by their obtuse, stigmatiferous tips ; ovules solitary and pendulous in the cells.
Drupe globose T

tire.

above the middle by the style-bases stone hard, cfepressed, 2-5opening by canals through the top of the stone. Seeds

fleshy, tubercled

celled

cells diverging,

compressed, pendulous, testa membranous

cotyledons plano-convex, radicle
short superior centrifugal.
Disteib. 5 species natives of tropica^Asia and the
;

Pacific.
1. D. mangiferum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 231, t. 42 ; leaflets 5-8 pairs
opposite and alternate oblong-lanceolate acuminate, panicle much branched pubescent or tomentose. Poupartia mangifera, Blume Bijd. 1160 (excl. synon.).
P. pinnata Blanco Flor. Filipp. 393.

Eastern Peninsula, South Andaman Islands, Kurz Malacca, Griffith, Maingay;

Penang, Maingay. Distrib. Eastward to the Philippines and Fiji Islands, native

and

cultivated.
large tree.

Leaves 1-1 J ft. petiole cylindric, glabrous or pubescent; leaflets

5-7 by 1^-2^ in., usually rather falcate and oblique at the rounded or cordate base, gradually narrowed to the subacute apex, glabrous above, beneath glabrous
puberulous or with tufts of hair in the nerve axils; nerves 10-12 pair, arched, reticu;

petiolulate,

lations close small

petiolule in.
Panicle equalling or exceeding the leaves, pubescent or tomentose pedicels slender, ebracteate. Flowers campanulate, J-| in. diam.,
greenish white.
FilaSepals pubescent or tomentose.
Petals longer, recurved.
ments slender. Drupe 1 in. diam., depressed.
variable plant in pubescence, of
which I think D. sylvestre, Blume, and D.puberulum, Miq. are varieties.
;

Var.

1.

nerve axils.

Var.
Var.
Penang.

Leaflets nearly glabrous beneath with occasional tufts of

Andaman and Malacca.

2. Leaflets

3.

and

Leaflets

petiole pubescent beneath.

glabrous beneath, panicles

hair in the

Malacca.
and flowers rusty-tomentose.

xlvi. anacardiace^j.

44s

(J.

[Rumphia.

D. Hooker.)

DOTIBTFUL GENUS.
22.

RUMPHIA, Linn.

very large tree. Leaves alternate, petioled, sihiple, broadly ovate-cordate,

Racemes axillary. Flowers bitter. Calyx tubular,
toothed, rough, aromatic.
Ovary subtrigonous ; style
Stamens 3, exserted.
Petals 3, oblong.
3-fid.
simple. Drupe coriaceous, turbinate, 3-grooved ; stone 3-celled, 3-seeded.

E,.

1. R. tilisefolia, Lamk. Diet. vi. 352; III. t. 25; DC. Prodr.

amboinensis, Linn. Sp. PI. 49. Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. 1. 11.

ii.

90.

stony sandy mountain woods in Parakaroo and elsewhere, Bheede.

large tree ; bark red within, aromatic. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., aromatic,
5-nerved at the base petiole 1-1 in. Racemes axillary and terminal, shorter than
the leaves, woolly. Flowers in. dianv inodorous. Drupe 1 in. long, obovoid obtusely 3-lobed, rough and setose, flesh bitter stone triquetrous, 3-celled.
Of this remarkable plant nothing is known except from the plate and description
of Rheede. I follow the majority of authors in placing it at the end of Terebint/uccece,
with which, however, I suspect it has nothing to do. Jussieu (Gen. PI. 370) suggests
that it may be more allied to Sapindacece. To me it looks more like a Euphorbiaceous
or Verbenaceous plant.

Malaba.k

Avery

Wallich's Terebinthacea ? No. 8501, ex Herb. Wight, is a mixture of Garuga

fruits with the leaves and immature fruit of another plant that I do not
recognise and which is in a most imperfect state.

pinnata

Order

XLVIL CORIARIE2E.

(By

J.

D. Hooker.)

Usually glabrous shrubs, with 4-angled sarmentose branches, the lower opbuds scaly.
Leaves opposite, rarely 3-nateiy whorled, quite entire,
Racemes axillary. Flowers small, green, hermaphrodite or
sessile, exstipulate.
polygamous. Sepals 5, spreading, imbricate, persistent. Petals smaller than the
sepals, fleshy, keeled within, thickened after flowering and embracing the fruit.
Stamens 10, hypogynous, free or the alternate adnate to the petals, filaments
short; anthers large, oblong, rough.
Disk 0. Carpels 5-10, free, 1-celled,
whorled on a fleshy receptacle styles slender, subulate, fleshy, papillose all over ;
ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the top. Fruit of 5 or 10 oblong compressed dry little nuts, closely embraced by the fleshy petals, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Seed compressed, testa membranous, albumen a thin layer cotyledons planoconvex, radicle superior. Distrib. 3-5 species natives of S. Europe, N. Africa,
Japan, the Himalaya, New Zealand, and the Andes.
posite

An

order of doubtful

work have been placed

affinity,

perhaps nearest Phytolaccca, which should in this

in Thalamiflorce.

C ORE ARIA,

Linn.

Character of the order.

1.

C. nepalensis, Wall. PI. As. Rar.

elliptic 3-7 nerved, stamens 10, carpels

ovate or

iii.

5.

289; Cat. 6817; leaves

Brandts For. Flor. 128.

t.

Temperate and Subtropical Himalaya, from Marri

alt.

3-6000 to Bhotan

ascending to 11,000 ft. in Sikkim. Distrib. Yunan.

A shrub with arched branches, glabrous or puberulous on the leaves beneath and
racemes. Leaves 1-2 by $-1$ in., usually broadly rounded -cordate and abruptly acu-

Moringa.']

xlyiii. moringe^:.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

45

inmate, rarely ovate-oblong or elliptic and acute or acuminate, minutely serrulate.

Racemes axillary or in the forks, solitary or clustered, 2-6 in. long, rachis glabrous
or pubescent; bracteoles oblong, concave, deciduous. Flowers about \ in. diam. Fruit

\-\

in.

diam., black.

Order XLVIII.lyiORINOEJE. (By

J.

D. Hooker.)

Deciduous trees -with soft wood. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate or 2-3-pinnate ; leaflets opposite, quite entire, caducous as well as the pinnules, glandular
Flowers irregular, bisexual.
Panicles axillary.
Calyx cupat the base.
shaped, 5-cleft ; segments unequal, petaloid, deciduous from above the base, imbricate.
Petals 5, unequal, upper smaller, lateral ascending, anterior larger.
Stamens inserted on the edge of the disk, declinate, 5 perfect opposite the petals
alternating with 5 (or 7) which are reduced to antherless filaments
anthers
Disk lining the calyx-tube.
Ovary stipitate, 1-celled ;
dorsifixed, 1-celled.
ovules numerous, in 2 series, on 3 pastyle slender, tubular, stigma perforated
Capsule elongate, beaked, 3-6-angled, 1-celled, loculicidally
rietal placentas.
Seeds many, in pits of the valves, testa
3-valved, corky and pitted within.
corky winged or not, albumen 0; embryo straight, cotyledons plano-convex,
Distrib. 3 species, natives of
radicle very sbort superior, plumule many-leaved
;

Western Asia and N. Africa.

natural order of very doubtful affinity, which has been referred to near BesedacecB,
Capparidecs, Mclianthea, Violaricce, Polygalece, Leguminosce, Bigncniaccce, and others.

MOBZNGA, Lamk.
Character of the order.

M.

pteryg-osperma, Gccrtn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 478 ; leaflets elliptic

1.
ovate or obovate, nerves obscure, flowers white, capsule 9-ribbed, seeds winged.
W. 8? A. Prodr. 178 Wiqht III. i. 186, t. 77 ; Bedd, Flor. Sylvat. t. 80 ; Dalz. #
Gibs. Bomb.Fl. 314 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 43 Brand, For. Fl. 129; Wall. Cat.
5814. M. oleifera, Lamk. Encycl. i. 398.
M. zeylanica, Pers. M. polygona,
DC. Prodr.ii. 478. Hyperanthera Moringa, Vahl.; Boxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 368;
II. decandra, Willd,
Guilandina Moringa, Linn.
Griff. Notul. iv. 572, t. 609.
Pheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 11.
;

Forests of Western Himalaya and Otjdh, and cultivated elsewhere throughout

Distrib. Cultivated in various tropical countries.
A small tree, bark corky, wood soft, root pungent; young parts tomentose.
Lea res 1-2 ft., iisually 3-pinnate ; petiole slender, sheathing at the base; pinnae 4-6
leaflets 6-9 pairs, ^-f in., opposite, pale beneath ; petiohiles slender
glands
pairs
linear, hairy. Panicles spreading, bracts linear. Flowers pedicelled, 1 in. diam., honeyFertile
scented.
Sepals linear-lanceolate, reflexed.
Petals narrowly spathulate.
filaments villous at the base.
Ovary hairy.
Pod 9-18 in., pendulous, 9-ribbed.
./Ush^tree.
Seeds 3-gonous, winged at the angles.
The Hoi
India.

concanensis, Kimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 43 leaflets 1broadlv elliptic or orbicular, nerves 4-6 pair distinct. Dalz. $ Gibs,
Bomb. Flor. 311 Brandis For. Flor. 130.
2.

BX.

in.

Kajputana, on dry hills Sindh and the Coxcax.

A tree, very similar to M. pterygosperma, but the leaves are much larger as arc
the leaflets, which are often retuse at the tip; the petals are yellowish streaked with,
;

This may
Seeds * in. long, very broadly trigonous with membranous wings.
pink.
possibly be the red-flowered species alluded to by Koxburgh(Fl. Ind. ii. 368) as occurring near JVIaldah.

xlix. connarace^.

46

Order XLIX.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

CONNARACES!.

Erect or climbing shrubs or

(By

[Agelcea.

D. Hooker.)

J.

Leaves alternate,, exstipulate, 1-3-folioFlowers racemed or panicled, regular

Calyx 5-lobed or -partite, usually persistent,
or subregular, usually bisexual.
imbricate or valvate. Petals 5, usually narrow, free or slightly cohering, very
Stamens perigynous or hypogynous, sometimes declinate, 5 or
rarely valvate.
10, those opposite the petals often shorter and imperfect filaments frequently
Carpels 5, rarely
connate at the base. Dish 0, or small annular or incomplete.
1-3 or 6-7, globose, hirsute, 1-celled ; styles subulate or filiform, stigmas
capitellate simple or 2-lobed ; ovules 2, collateral, ascending, orthotropous.
Fruit usually of 1 rarely 2-3 sessile or stalked 1- rarely 2-seeded follicles.
Seed erect, arillate or not, testa thick sometimes arilliform below the middle,
aril various
cotyledons fleshy in the exalbuminous, leafy in the albuminous
seeds, radicle superior, rarely ventral.
Distrib. 12 genera, all tropical.
late or odd-pinnate

trees.

leaflets quite entire.

The following Wallichian

species of this order are to be rejected.

Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8538, B.

is

an undeterminable apparently Connaraceous

plant.

Connaracea

Wall. Cat. 8534,

is

Connaracea

Wall. Cat. 8550,

is

Connaracea

Dialium platysepalum, Baker.

Cupania glabrata, Kurz.

Wall. Cat. 8553, -consists of the foliage of a Willoughbeia and

fruit of a Connarus.

Tribe

I.

Gonnareae.

Calyx imbricate.

Seeds exalbuminous.

Cafyx not clasping the base of the capsule. Seeds exarillate

Calyx accrescent, clasping the base of the sessile capsule.

Seeds arillate
-Calyx slightly accrescent, not clasping the base of the sessile
capsule.
Seeds exarillate
Calyx not accrescent, clasping the pedicel of the stipitate capSeeds arillate
sule.

Tribe

II.

Cnestideae.

1.

Ageljea.

2.

Rourea.

3.

Roureopsis.

4.

Connarcjs.

Seeds albuminous or exalbu-

Calyx valvate.

minous.
Calyx

5-partite, exceeding the petals.

Carpels

5, sessile.

Cap-

Seeds albuminous .
sule hispid within.
Calyx 5-partite, revolute. Petals narrow. Carpels 5. Seeds ex-

albuminous

Calyx

5-partite,

Carpel

1.

erect.

Petals oblong.

Stamens

AGELffiA,

Petals lanceolate or ligulate,

10.
Dish ^-annular or
stalked, coriaceous, rugose
arilliform below the middle.

6.

Tjeniochxjexa.

7.

Ellipanthus.

Soland.

Panicles or racemes axillary.

imbricate or subvalvate.
obtuse, free or connate at the middle.
Stamens 5
0.
Carpels 3-5.
Capsules 1-2, sessile or shortly
or lamellate.
Seed erect, exalbuminous; testa
Distrib. 9 species, African and Asiatic.

Erect or scandent shrubs. Leaves 3-foliolate.

Calyx 5-partite, not accrescent nor embracing the

or

Cnestis.

5, perfect.

Seeds exalbuminous

1.

5.

fruit,

1. A. vestita, Hooh.f. ; branches leaves beneath and inflorescence densely

tomentose, leaflets elliptic obtusely caudate-acuminate, stamens 5, styles 5 very

slender.

conxaeace^.

xlix.

Agelcea.~\

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Cnestis vestita, Wall, in Herb. Linn. Soc.

47

Connaracea, Wall. Cat.

Hemiandrina borneensis, Hook. f. in. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 171, t. 28.
Troostwyckia singularis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 531. (See Kurz in Journ.
8535.

As. Soc. Beng. 1870,

pt.

ii.

76.)

Jack ; Penang, Porter

Malacca, Griffith,
Maingay. Distrib. Borneo.
Densely clothed with fulvous hairs. Leaflets 3-6 by l$-2 in., lateral, subsessile,
terminal petiolulate nerves beneath very stout, strongly reticulate. Bacemes 1 in.,
Capside in. long, ovoid with a curved beak,
Flowers \ in. cliam.
slender, hirsute.

Eastern Peninsula, Sincapore,

strongly tuberculate or sublamellate, densely tomentose.

arilliform towards the base.

Seed obovoid

testa thin,

Hook. f. ; branches and leaves quite glabrous, leaflets

2.
. Wallichii,
ovate-oblong or oblong obtusely-pointed, base rounded or cordate, stamens 10,
Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8544.
styles 5 very short.

Eastern Peninsula

Sincapore, Wallich

Branches and petioles slender.

Leaflets

Malacca,

Griffith,

4-6 by 1| 2%

Maingay.

in.,

coriaceous,

lateral

shortly terminal long-petiolulate ; nerves strong beneath. Bacemes \-\ in., densely
Stamens and carpels stout. Capsule %- in. long,
pubescent. Flowers \ in. diam.
obtusely beaked, tubercled, rusty tomentose. Seed oblong, testa thin.

2.

RO UREA,

Aubl.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets subopposite or alternate.

Sepals 5, orbicular,
Panicles axillary. Flowers small ; pedicels usually slender.
Petals 5, usually
imbricate, enlarged and clasping the base of the ripe capsule.
Stamens 10 ; filaments connate at the base. Ovaries 5, 4 usually
linear-oblong.
Capsule sessile, curved. Seed erect, arillate^ exalbuimperfect ; style slender.
minous. Distrib. Tropics ; species about 50.
* Leaflets few, 1-6-pairs, petiolulate, glabrous.

R. santaloides, W. $ A. Prodr. 144 ; quite glabrous, leaflets 2-4pair 2-4 in. polished reticulated, elliptic or ovate, caudate-acimiinate shining,
principal nerves indistinct, base usually rounded, sepals orbicular not ciliate,
ovaries glabrous. Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 418 ; Dak. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 53.
Connarus santaloides, Vahl Symb. iii. 87 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 85. 0. monocarpus,
W. ty A. Prodr. 143 (not of Linn.). Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8532. Burm.
Thes. Zeyl. t. 89.
1.

Western Peninsulas

from the Concan to Travancor.

Ceylon.

Leaflets 1^-3 by 1-1 in., coriaceous, sometimes acute at the base ; nerves rarely
distinct from the reticulations of the leaflet and usually spreading horizontally from

the midrib, but this is a very uncertain character. Bacemes terminal and axillary,
2-4 in., simple or compound, slender pedicels slender, \ in. bracts small. Flowers
^ in. diam. Petals twice as long as the linear-oblong sepals. Capsule falcate,
5-1 in., obtuse, apiculate or pointed.
;

2. R. coramutata, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 420 quite glabrous, leaflets

2-4-pairs 3-6 in. ovate elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate shining,
principal nerves usually very distinct beneath, lower pair long ascending, base
usually acute, sepals orbicular not ciliate, ovaries glabrous. Cnestis monadelpha,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 454. Connaracea ? Wall. Cat. 8549 (no Jl. or fruit.). Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8547, 8548.
;

Assam, Silhet, Chittagong, Birma and southwards to Tenasserim.

Distrib.

China.

So similar in most .respects to B. santaloides that I scarcely doubt its being an

eastern form of that plant, distinguished by the nervation of the leaflets, which are

48

xlix. coNNAEACEiE.

more usually acute

at the base.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Some Tavoy specimens

[Eourea.

are, however,

almost inter-

mediate.
3. It. caudata, Planch, in Linneca, xxiii. 419 ; quite glabrous, leaflets 3-5
pairs elliptic-ovate with long caudate-acuminate obtuse points not shining, petiole
very slender, sepals ciliolate, petals oblong obtuse.

Assam, Jenkins; Khasia Mts., alt. 1-4000 ft., Griffith, H.f. $ T.

Very similar to B. sa?italoides, but much smaller in all its parts and more slender,
with more membranous leaflets 2-2^ in., of which the points are ^-% as long as the
Racemes or panicles 1-2 in. Flowers ^ in.
blade, finely reticulate, not shining.
Capsule f-1 in., slightly curved, broader upwards.
Ovaries glabrous, style short.
the sepals.

diam.

Petals not

much exceeding

4. SI. pulcbella, Planch, in Linneca, xxiii. 419 ; quite glabrous, leaflets

1-3-pair 1-1^ in. ovate-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate shining, sepals
suborbicular ciliolate.

Malacca,

Griffith,

Maingay.

A smaller

leaved plant than B. caudata with more coriaceous leaflets, which are
dark chestnut-brown when dry, and have slender petiolules ^ in. long they are
uniformly reticulated on both surfaces -without obvious principal nerves. Panicles
very slender, often exceeding the leaves pedicels \ in., capillary.
Flowers \ in.
diam. Petals twice as long as the sepals, linear-oblong, connate, just above the base.
Capsule % in., stout, curved, pointed.
Ovaries 5, pilose styles very slender:
.

acuminata,

Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaflets 3-4 pair elliptic or

elliptic-oblong abruptly caudate-acuminate finely reticulate on both surfaces
shining above subglaucous beneath, petiole very slender. Cnestis acuminata,
5.

Xt.

Wall. Cat. 8533 (Connaracea).

Sincapore, Wallich.

Branches slender. Leaves 2^-6 in. petiole quite glabrous, petiolules very short
base rounded. Capsule
leaflets l-3 by -l in., thinly coriaceous, brown when dry
in. The specimens are very imperfect.
;

** Leaflets very numerous, small, l|-2^

in., sessile,

oblong.

t Leaflets very puhesccnt beneath.

G. XI. rug'osa, Planch, in Linneca, xxiii. 422 ; branches petioles leaves
beneath and inflorescence softly pubescent, leaflets 6-9-pairs l^-2 in. oblong
obtusely acuminate, base cordate, panicles stout, pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Oonnarus ? rugosus, Wall. Cat. 8527, Connaracea.

Eastern Peninsula; Sincapore, Wallich. Penang, Porter. Malacca, Griffith,

Maingay.
petiole stout.
Branches stout, velvety. Leaves 1 ft.
Leaflets shining above,
Panicles shorter than the leaves. Flowers in. diam.,
reticulate on both surfaces.
Sepals orbicular, pubescent. Petals twice as long, pilose on the back. Capsidcs
rosy.
;

-f

in.,

pointed.

7. Xt. villosa, Planch, in Linneca, xxiii. 422 ; branches petioles and inflorescence softly pubescent, leaflets 12-20 pairs f in. oblong rounded at the tip
pilose beneath, panicles slender, pedicels equalling the calyx.

Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith, Heifer. Distrib. Sumatra.

Branches rather stout, velvety. Leaves 3-8 in.; petiole slender;

leaflets faintly

and polished above, base oblique subcordate. Panicles shorter than the leaves,
Flowers in. diam.
Sepals orbicular,
clothed with dense spreading soft hairs.
reticulate

scarcely pilose. Petals glabrous, linear-oblong, twice or thrice as long as the calyx.
Capsule 5 in., curved.

xlix. connaraceje.

Bourea.]

(J.

D. Hooker.)

49

8. It. fulg*ens, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 423 ; branches petioles leaves

beneath and panicles densely shortly pubescent, leaflets 12-20 pairs in. linearoblong rounded at the tip base oblique, racemes strict contracted. Oonnarus
fulgens, (Connaracea ?) Wall. Cat. 8524.

Sincapore, Wallich, Maingay.

Pubescence, rusty when dry. Leaves 3-5 in., petiole rather stout leaflets slightly
dilated or contracted at the base, opaque, reticulation very obscure. Racemes (very contracted panicles) axillary, strict, shorter than the leaves pedicels very short indeed.
Flowers not seen. Capsule f in., much curved, obtuse. I do not see why Wallich
proposed the trivial name of fulgens for this in its dry state it is a remarkably lurid
;

plant.

ft Leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly

9.

R. stenopetala, Hookf.
6-10

so.

petiole

and midrib of leaflets beneath pubes-

obliquely ovate or obovate 2-lobed at the tip,

racemes very short, pedicels slender. Onestis steriopetala (misprint for stenopeKourea No. 23 indescripta, Planch, -in
tala), Griff. Notul. iv. 433, t. 611,/. 2,
Linncea, xxiii. 421.
cent, leaflets

pairs

in.

Tenassereh, at Mergui, Griffith.

Leaves 2-4 in.
Branches glabrous, branchlets pubescent.
petiole slender
leaflets contracted cordate and very oblique at the base, shining above and below,
Racemes
apparently
obscure.
almost
reduced to fascicles;
nerves and reticulations
bracts ovate, ferruginous. Sepals lanceolate, acute, spreading, imbricate, pubescent at
narrow,
times
longer
than
the
sepals.
linear,
very
Petals
Ovaries pilose.
the tip.
2\
The flowers are described from Griffiths' Notulse the spreading calyx is anomalous
;

in the genus.

10. 3&. Wallichiana, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 421 petioles and panicles
pubescent, leaflets 15-30 pairs -f in. linear-oblong rounded at the tip glabrous
on both surfaces, racemes slender, pedicels equalling or exceeding the calyx,
flowers ^ in. diam. Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8525. Oonnarus mimosoides, Vahl ?
Wall. Cat. 8526 D.
;

Tenasserim and Martaban

Amherst, Wallich

Tavoy,

Gomez

Moulmein,

Falconer.

Leaves 6-10

very uniform, always obtuse, base rounded or subcordate,

upper surface dark brown hardly shining, lower chocolate brown opaque; nerves faint.
Racemes slender, much shorter than the leaves, villous, paniculal^ at the base, pedicels
Sepals orbicular, ciliate.
Petals \'m. long, linear,
very slender, exceeding the calyx.
Capsule |- in. long, curved. A specimen of this is mixed with Wallich's
glabrous.
8526 B.
in.

leaflets

11. XI. concolor, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 264 ; petioles and racemes pubescent, leaflets 15-20 pairs | in. oblong rounded or retuse at the tip glabrous on
both surfaces, racemes slender, pedicels about equalling the calyx, flowers - in.
diam. R. parvifolia, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 420. Oonnarus mimosoides, Vahl ?

Wall. Cat. 8526 A.B.

C. mimosoides, Jack in Mai. Misc. 2,

vii.

44.

Singapore, Prince Malacca, Griffith. Dist. Borneo.

Branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves 2-6 in. petiole slender leaflets cordate at
the base, shining above, chocolate-brown and minutely reticulated beneath. Racemes
equalling or exceeding the leaves. Flowers the smallest of the Indian species; Sepals
Petals twice as long, linear-oblong.
Capsules %-% in., pointed.
There is a
orbicular.
"Wallichian specimen in Herb. Benth. under Wall. Cat. 8526 B. with the leaves
Bhining beneath.
;

R. similis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 264 petioles and racemes pubescent,

8-12 pairs linear-oblong 2-lobed at the tip shining above, very sparsely
E
VOL. 11.

12.

leaflets

xlix. CONNABACEJE.

50

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Eourea.

pubescent or glabrate beneath, racemes slender, pedicels equalling the calyx. R.

and R,. parallela, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 421 Oonnarus mimosoides
Vahl. ? Wall. Cat 8526 0.

sororia

Eastern Peninsula, Penang, Porter; Malacca, Maingay. Distrib. Sumatra,

Borneo.
Branchlets pubescent, Leaves 3-6 in. petiole slender leaflets cordate at the base,
usually shining above with raised nerves, or with the nerves obsolete, subglaucous beRacemes shorter than the leaves. Flowers g- in. diam. Sepals broadly oblong,
neath.
Capsule f in., much curved.
very pubescent. Petals twice as long.
;

3.

ROUREOPSZS,

Planch.

Leaves odd-pinnate, leaflets few.

Flowers in axillary
Sepals oblong, slightly imbricate, somewhat enpedicels slender.
Petals linearlarged and spreading, but not clasping the base of the capsule.
Ovaries 5 ; styles slender.
Stamens 10, the alternate longer.
Capsule
oblong.
Seed ovoid, testa thin black arilliform at the base;
linear-oblong, recurved.
cotyledons amygdaloid. Distrib. Species 2, a Javanese and Indian.
Trees or shrubs.

panicles,

This genus, which (Gen. PL i. 432) when the fruit was

Rourea, proves to be exarillate, and I therefore restore it.

unknown

I united with

1. R. pubinervis, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 424; branchlets petioles and

nerves beneath finely pubescent, leaflets 3-pairs ovate or elliptic with a conIndeterminata, Wall. Cat. 9050.
tracted notched tip.

Eastern Peninsula, Penang, Porter Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Leaves 4-8 in. petioles slender; leaflets, 2-4 in., alternate, petiolulate, base acute
nerves distinct, arched. Panicles or racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, nearly
Sepals nerved, glabrous, very obtuse.
glabrous pedicels in. Flowers in. diam.
Ovaries pubescent.
Petals strap-shaped, three times as long.
Capsule 1 in., nearly
;

Btraight.

4.

CONNAEUS, Linn.

Leaves odd-pinnate ; leaflets 5, rarely 3 or more, quite

Panicles axillary and terminal, branched.
Flotoers small.
Sepals 5,
deciduous or persistant and clasping the pedicel of the capsule, not accrescent,
Petals 5, linear or ligulate and slightly dilated upwards.
imbricate.
Stamens
Ovaries 5, densely pubescent, 4
10, 5 shorter and sometimes without anthers.
usually imperfect or obsolete, the fifth with a slender style, stigma capitellate.
Capsule oblique, stipitate, inflated, broader upwards ; valves glabrous or pubescotyledons amygdaloid.
cent within. Seeds arillate, testa shining, albumen
;
Disteib. Species about 55, all tropical.
Trees or shrubs.

entire.

The structure of the flowers is remarkably uniform in all the Indian species which
are with difficulty distinguished.
* Valves of the capsule quite glabrous within.
beneath in all. Natives of the Western Peninsula,
1.

C.

monocarpus,

Linn.

W.

fy

Leaves quite glabrous

A. Prodr. 143 leaflets elliptic or

3-5 pairs, very slender, filaments
;

elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate, nerves

glabrous, capsule 1^-2 in. narrow turgid contracted into the stalk, not veined
0. asiaticus, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 692.
Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 425.
0. pinnatus, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 95 ; III. t. 572 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 143 ; Orah. Cat.
Bomb. PI. 35 ; Dak. Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 53. Omphalobium pinnatum, DC.

nor shining.

xlix. connarace.e.

Connarus.']

(J.

D. Hooker.)

51

Prodr. ii. 86. 0. indicum, Gartn. Fruct. i. 217, t. 46, fig. 3 DC. I. c. 85.
Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8539, excl. ~D.Rheede, Hort. Mai. vi. t. 24 ? vii. t. 26.
;

Ceylon, abundant.
the Concan to Travancor.
glossy above, reticulations faint, quite glabrous,
Sepals ovate-oblong, subacute,
Panicles densely pubescent. Flowers \ in. long.
pubescent. Petals twice as long, slightly pubescent on the back. Longer filaments
Capsule dark-coloured, rounded
three times as long as the shorter, all antheriferous.
at both sutures, dehiscing tardily, contracted but neither acute nor apiculate at the
Testa black, shining. Very near the C. oligophyllus of Penang, but the capsule
tip.
is quite glabrous within. I think there can be no doubt that this, which is clearly
Lamarck's C. pinnatus, is also Linnaeus' s C. monocarpus, which being one of the
Arnott
commonest plants in Ceylon, cannot have escaped Burmann's notice. Wight
describe it as having a sessile capsule, no doubt from Kheede's figure, which, if it
belongs to this plant, is a very bad one, also as having a glabrous calyx, which is not
the case.

Western Peninsula, from

3-4 by 1^ If

Leaflets

in.,

&

leaves elliptic-ovate obtusely pointed, nerves

2. C. Wiglltii, Hook. f.
5-6 on each side arched slender, capsules l by in. compressed, base narrowed
Bourea? sclerocarpa, W. 8f A. in
into the stalk shining hardly pointed.
Wight Cat. 934. (See note under Pongamia, W. $ A. Prodr. 262.)
;

Western Peninsula, Wight

the Concan, Stocks.

coriaceous, hardly shining, finely reticulated, quite
Capsules pale chestnut coloured, shining, rounded, strongly striate on the
glabrous.
ventral and dorsal faces, narrowly keeled at the sutures, early dehiscing, pale and
fruiting specimen.
I have described this from
The capsule
quite glabrous within.
Leaflets

33^ by 1^1 1

in.,

;i

resembles that of C. paniculatas, but

3.

C. Ritchiei, Hook.

f.

is

quite glabrous within.

leaflets

elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate,

nerves 5-7 on each side faint, capsule f by

top, base cordate.

Western Peninsula,
Leaflets 3-4

the Concan, Stocks

by l^-lf

in.

the

turgidly oblong rounded at the

Eamghat near Belgaum,

Ritchie.

quite glabrous.
Panicles rustySepals ovate-oblong. Petals about twice a
pubescent. Flowers crowded, | in. long.
Capside quite as broad from suture to suture as across the valves, darklong.
coloured, intruded at the base, which is very rounded, and suddenly contracted into
the stalk. The capsule much resembles that of C. latifolius, Wall., but is more
in.,

finely

reticulated,

cordate at the base and larger.

** Valves of the capsules more or less pubescent or velvety within (unin C. Griffithii and semidecandrus.
t Leaflets more or less pubescent beneath.

known

4. C. ferrug'ineus, Jack in Mai. Misc. 2, vii. 37; branches panicles

and leaves beneath densely rusty tomentose, leaflets 7 oblong or oblanceolate
acuminate rugose, capsules 2-2^ by 1 in. compressed velvety narrowed into the

stalk.

Oonnaracea,

Wall. Cat. 8530.

Eastern Peninsula,

Sincapore, Malacca, and Penang, Jack, $c.

Densely clothed with rusty velvety tomentum. Leaflets 3-6 by \\ 2\ in., thickly
coriaceous, rugose, and pubescent above when young, glabrate above when old, base
rounded or subcordate petiolules very short and stout nerves 6-8 pairs, arched,
very much sunk above and raised beneath. Panicles shorter than the leaves, very
Flowers nearly 1 in. long.
stout.
Sepals oblong. Petals twice as long, narrowly
linear-spathulate.
Filaments glabrous, shorter, half as long as the others.
Capsule
almost woody, readily dehiscing, hardly pointed, densely tomentose, valves finely
pubescent within.
;

e2


52

xlix. CONNARACE.E.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Connarus.

5. C. G-riffithii, Hook. f. ; tranches, petioles, and leaves beneath pubescent, leaflets ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, nerves very indistinct.

Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith.

Branches slender. Leaflets 3-5 by f-l in., thinly coriaceous, finely pubescent
with rusty hairs beneath, midrib distinct nerves very faint, oblique. Panicles rustySepals linear-obloug. Petals more than twice as
pubescent. Flowers | in. long.
long, glabrous, ligulate.
Filaments almost glabrous.
Capsule unknown.
;

6. C. semidecandrus, Jack in Mai. Misc. 2, vii. 39 branches, petioles,

and midrib beneath finely pubescent, leaflets elliptic-oblong acute, thinly cori;

aceous, not reticulated, nerves 5 pairs very slender.

Herb. Linn. Soc. sub 8543.]

Tenasserim at Mergui,

Griffith

Penang, Wallich,

0. floribundus,

Wall, in

Phillips, $c.

on both surfaces. Panicle much branched, thinly pubescent. Flowers

Sepals linear-oblong. Petals more than twice as long,
long, white (Wallich).

Leaflets pale

in.

Filaments nearly glabrous.

narrow, linear-spathulate, glabrous.

Capsule not seen.

Lea/lets perfectly glabrous beneath.

ft

C. paniculatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 139; leaflets 3-7 ellipticoblong, -ovate or -lanceolate with a short or long obtuse point, petals glabrous,
filaments puberulous, capsules 1|-1^ by f-f in. contracted into the stalk
compressed, seed oblong compressed. ? 0. pentandrus, Roxb. I. c. 140.
Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8540 (excl. E.).
7.

Silhet and the Khasia Mts., ascending to 2000 ft., Roxburgh, &c ; Chittagong,
Roxburgh, H. f. $ T.
A large climber branches and leaves perfectly glabrous. Leaflets 3-8 by 1-2 in.,
coriaceous, glossy above nerves 5-6 pairs, slender, faint, reticulations obscure petiole
Panicle hoary, much branched and spreading.
Flowers ^ in. long. Sepals
stout.
Petals more than twice as long, nearly glabrous, linear.
linear-oblong, pubescent.
Capsule shining, pale,
Longer filaments three times as long as the short ones.
deeply striate, finely pubescent within. I do not see how C. pentandrus, Eoxburgh,
differs except in being described as truly pentandrous.
;

leaflets elliptic8. C. gibbosus, Wall, in Herb. Linn. Soc. sub 8541

oblong or -ovate obtusely acuminate nerves 5-6 pairs, capsules 1 by | in.
hatchet-shaped compressed with a horizontal beak on the outer edge. Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8538, B (in part) ? 8540 E, 8541,8541 B. Sapind. dub. Wall.
Cat. 8098.
;

Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith, &c. Penang,

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay Sincapore, Jfallich. Distrib. Borneo.
transverse venules distinct beneath.
Leaflets 3-5 by l-2 in., quite glabrous
Flowers' in.
Sepals ovate-oblong. Petals about
Panicles branched, rather slender.
Birma, at Eangoon, McLelland

Porter

Capsules compressed, broad, veined, with the

twice as long. Filaments puberulous.
beak, usually very pronounced at the outer edge of the broad top valves finely
pubescent within. Wallich suggests that this may be Jack's C. lucidus or C. grandis.
;

9. C. Championii, Thwaites Enum. 80; leaflets 5-7 elliptic acuminate,

nerves 5-6 pairs very strong beneath, capsules 1 by f in. semilunar compressed
narrowed at the base but not distinctly stalked striate glabrous.

Ceylon^ Central province, ascending to 4000 ft.

climbing shrub young parts clothed with rusty pubescence. Leaflets 3-5 by
l|-2^ in., thinly coriaceous, polished on both surfaces, reticulate beneath petiole and
Panicles axillary and terminal, 4-6 in., minutely rusty-pubescent.
petiofules slender.

Flowers \ in. long. Sepals oblong, hairy. Petals twice as long, linear-obovate, white
dotted with red, sparsely hairy. Filaments included, glabrous, the longer twice as
Capsule apiculate, sutures not keeled ; valves thin with
long as the shorter.
scattered hairs within.

xlix. connaracej:.

Connarus.]

(J.

D. Hooker.)

53

10. C. latifolius, Wall. Cat. 8537 (by error 5837)-, leaflets ellipticoblong with contracted obtuse or notched points, capsule f by in. shortly
subcylindric very turgid abruptly contracted into the stalk, top rounded scarcely
apiculate. Connaracea ? 8545.

Martaban,

at

Moulmein, Wallich.

Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Gomez.

Leaflets 4-7 by 1^3 in., coriaceous, quite glabrous

Panicles widely spreading.
reticulations indistinct.

nerves 5 pairs, slender, arched,

Flowers in. long.
Capsules
with very round tops, and an obscure sublateral point, finely puberulous within.
;

11. C. grandis, Jack in Mai. Misc. 2, vii. 40; leaflets 8-14 in. ellipticoblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate thickly coriaceous polished, nerves 8-10
Planch, in
pairs, capsules 2 by f-1 in. contracted into the stalk turgid woody.
Connaracea,
Linncea, xxiii. 429.
C. Wallichii, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 426.
Wall. Cat. 8538, A, B (in part).

Eastern Peninsula, Sincapore and Penang, Wallich

Malacca, Griffith, MainTenasserim or Andaman Islands, Heifer.

Branches and petioles very robust, quite glabrous. Leaflets 3-5, much the largest,
most coriaceous and polished of the genus, transverse nerves distinct beneath petiolules
Flowers \ in. long.
short, stout.
Panicles spreading, clothed with hoary down.

gay

Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse.

Petals twice as long, almost glabrous, linear, dilated
upwards. Filaments puberulous, longer, three times as long as the others. Capsule
coarsely striated, glabrous, sutures rounded, not keeled or raised.

12. C. IWCaing-ayi, Hook. f. ; leaflets ovate or elliptic-ovate obtusely

acuminate very coriaceous pale, nerves very faint, capsules 1-1 by ^ in. elliptic

or subcylindric, stalk obscure.

Eastern Peninsula

Malacca, Maingay.
Branches rather stout, glabrous. Leaflets 5, 3-5 by 1^2^ in., closely finely reticuopaque and pale grey on both surfaces. Panicles hoary-pubescent. Flowers
\ in. long. Sepals small, ovate-lanceolate. Petals three times as long, linear, with
black dots, hoary on both surfaces.
Capsules, young. 1 by ^ in., terete, grooved at
both sutures, top rounded and mucronate, strise quite longitudinal old more elliptic
valves woody, velvety within.
Very near and perhaps identical with C. falcatus,
Blume of Borneo. I find great varieties in the capsules of Maingay's specimens, in
part I assume depending on age the longer are almost straight and subcylindric and
in. diam. the shorter are ellipsoid and f in. diam. a few are 1\ in. long, curved
and more distinctly stalked, as in Blume' s falcatus.
;

lated,

13. C. olig-ophyllus, Planch, in Linncea, xxiii. 427; leaflets ellipticlanceolate obtusely acuminate lower 2-3 pairs of nerves prominent beneath,
panicle hoary-pubescent, capsule lg 1^ by \ in. fusiform-clavate symmetrical
apiculate obscurely stalked grooved on one face.
Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8542
(in part) and 8539,
(in part).

Penang,

Porter.

Branches and leaves quite glabrous. Leaflets 5, 4-7 by 1^-2^ in, base acute, thinly
coriaceous, shining on both surfaces, pale red-brown beneath, the lowest pair of nerves
quite basal, the succeeding pairs distant, all very oblique petiole and petiolules
;

Panicle subpyramidal, nearly black; branches slender, ascending, rufouspubescent. Flowers \ in. long. Sepals oblong, obtuse, hoary. Capsules nearly straight,
dark brown, smooth, striated longitudinally, tip rounded, apiculate valves coriaceous,
finely pubescent within. The sheet of 8539 D. in Wall.'s Herb, contains three
fragments of this plant without fruit, one flowering specimen of 8539 A (C. paniculatus), and three capsules of the same (glabrous inside).
The sheet of 8542 consists
of flowering specimens of this and 8542 B. consists of this and C. paniculatus or
monocarpus.
The specimen given to Bentham by Wallich is in fine fruit. This
to differ entirely from C. Maingayi in the foliage, large panicle, and sepals.
slender.

54

xlix. connarace^:.

DOUBTFUL

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Connarus.

SPECIES.

0. species ? leaflets 5-8 in. elliptic and stout, branches almost black and very
polished, nerves 7-8 pair very strong beneath, panicle slender hoary, sepals uvatelanceolate, petals glabrous.
Sincapore or Penang, Walker.

C. species
hills, alt.

? leaflets

3000

ft.,

as in C. pinnatus, but nerves beneath very strong.

Anamallay

Beddome.

Connarus? velutinus, Wall. Cat. 8536, consists of foliage and diseased fruit of
a Spatholobus, with one capsule of Ellipanthus tomentosus, H. f.
Connarus ? Jackianus, Wall.
Islands

is

Cupania Jackiana, Hiern.

Cat. 8552, is

Connarus mimosoides, Vahl Symb.

iii.

87

DC

Prodr.

ii.

85,

from the Nicobar

indeterminate from description.

5.

Shrubs or

CNESTIS,

Juss.

Leaves odd-pinnate ; leaflets many, quite entire. Flowers

or racemed, tomentose, rarely panicled, polygamous or dioecious, rotate. Sepals 5, valvate or imbricate at the tip, spreading in fruit. Petals
Stamens 10, free. Ovaries 5-7, sessile
5, shorter or longer than the calyx.
styles
short,
stigmas capitellate.
Capsules 1-3, kidney-shaped, cylindriq;
curved or waved, pubescent, often villous or clothed with rigid hairs within.
Seed exarillate, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons thin. Distkib. Tropical Asia and
Africa ; species about 10.
trees.

solitary, fascicled

;,-

1. C. ramiflora, Griff. Notul. iv. 432 ; softly tomentose or villous, leaflets 12-15-pairs linear-oblong, tip rounded obtuse or subacute, base rounded or

cordate.
O. flaminea, Griff. I.e. 433, t. 608, f. 2.
O. platantha, Griff. I.e. 434
Kurz in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, pt. ii. 75. Connarus foliolosus, Jack in Wall^
Cat. 8529. 0. igneus, Wall. Cat. 8528, (Connaracea). Eourea dasyphylla, Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 528.

js

Birma, at Amherst, Chappedong and Eangoon, Wallich. Tenasserim, at Mergui*

Moulmein and the S. Andamans, Kurz, &c. Penang, Malacca and;
Sincapore, Wallich, Griffith, &c. Distrib. Sumatra, Philippine Islands.
A climbing shrub. Branches stout, woody. Leaves 1 ft. petiole slender, pubescent leaflets subsessile, 1^3 in., sometimes contracted below the middle, glabrous;
and shining above; nerves 6-10 pairs, slender, arched. Panicles axillary, fascicled,
slender, much shorter than the leaves, densely clothed with pale soft tomentum. Flowers
$ in. diam., rosy, $ smaller. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse. Petals shorter in the
$ longer in the $ linear-oblong, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous. Filaments slender,
glabrous.
Ovaries 5-7 (usually 6, Griffith), hirsute styles short.
Capsules 1-3 in.
long, sessile, falcate, enlarged and tumid above the middle, obtuse, woody, rugged
valves thickly woody, velvety within.
Seed short, broad, compressed, testa thin.
I think there can be no doubt but that this answers to the three species of Cnestis
described by Griffith and cited above, though his names are not attached to any of
his specimens.
It has been distributed as Cnestis foliolosus and C. igneus, Planch.
MSS. in Herb. Hook.
Griffith.

6.

TJENXOCHX.2BNA,

Hook.

f.

rambling shrub. Leaves odd-pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets 5, quite entire.

Panicles axillary, short. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube short, hemispheric,
segments 5, enlarged and revolute in fruit, valvate. Petals 5, much exceeding
the calyx. Stamens 10, alternately shorter, nearly free at the base.
Ovaries 5,


xlix. conxaeace^j.

Tceniochlcena.']

(J.

D. Hooker.)

55

Capsules 1-3, ovoid, compressed, pubesstyles short, stigmas discoid.

Seed oblong, arillate albumen j cotyledons
valves glabrous within.
cent
plano-convex.
sessile

1.

T. Griffithii, Hook.f.

in Benth.

8?

Hook. Gen.

PI.

i.

434.

Malacca,

Griffith, Maingay.
Branches rather slender, quite glabrous. Leaflets 3-T by If-3in., sometimes almost
orbicular, base usually cordate, shining above and beneath, nerves 3-5 pairs, arched
petiolules very short. Racemes 2-3 in., fascicled, densely pubescent, slender.
Flowers
rotate, j in. diam. Sepals oblong, pubescent, recurved in flower. Petals twice as long,
linear, dilated upwards, glabrous.
Filaments short, subulate. Capsules 2-3, |-1 in.,
Seed short, slightly compressed, testa
obtuse, densely pubescent, valves coriaceous.
;

black.

ELLIPANTHUS,

7.

Hook.

f.

Racemes axillary,
Leaves with 1 leaflet, quite entire.
Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 5, not enlarged in fruit,
suberect, valvate.
Petals 5, longer than the sepals, oblong-lanceolate, densely
pubescent.
Stamens 10, 5 shorter, without anthers, filaments short subulate
connate at the base.
Ovary 1, strigose style short. Capsule stalked, oblique,
velvety valves glabrous within.
Seed arillate, albumen
cotyledons planoconvex. Distrib. Malayan Peninsula and Islands.
Trees or shrubs.

short.

Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly

so.

1. E. Thwaitesii, Hook.f. ; leaflet elliptic obtusely caudate-acuminate,

capsule curved into a semicircle beaked densely closely pubescent. Connarus
unifoliatus, Thwaites Enum. 80 and 410.

Ceylon, Central Province, at 3-4000

A moderate

ft.

Thwaites

sized tree
branches slender, black. Leaflet 2-3| by 1 -If in., reticuRacemes 4-7-flowered, pubescent, bracts
petiole and petiolule \-\ in., slender.
late
Sepals acute. Petals twice as
deciduous. Flowers subdicecious, \ in. diam., green.
in.
Capside
long,
compressed,
woody.
long.
1|
;

2. ZS.

Helferi, Hook.

f.

leaflet

elliptic-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate

acuminate, nerves 5-7 pairs strong beneath.

Tenasserim or Andaman Islands Heifer. Distrd3. Borneo.

Leaves 4-7 by lf-2f in., very variable in length and
Branches slender, black.
breadth, thinly coriaceous, with slight pubescence on the petiole and midrib beneath
petiole slender, in. Racemes \-^ in., pubescent.
Flower-buds, \ in. long. Fruit
;

unknown.

E. calophyllus, Kurz Andam. Rep. Append. B. 6

and in Beng. As.

ovate ovate-lanceolate or elliptic long-acuminate quite glabrous, nerves 6-7 pairs very slender.
3.

Soc. Jour. 1872,

ii.

305

leaflet

Andaman

Islands, Kurz.
shoots and buds pubescent. Leaflet 5-7 by 2-2| in., coriaceous,
;
gradually narrowed to the obtusely acuminate tip, pale petiole
slender, f-1 in.
Racemes^ in., densely pubescent. Petals in., densely pubeseent,
linear-oblong. Capstdes f-1 in., obovoid or ellipsoid, subacute, densely velvety valves
woody, glabrous within. The description of the petals and inside of the capsule is
taken from Kurz.

A tree

20-30 ft.

finely reticulated,

xlix. C0NNAKACE2E.

56

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Ellipanthus.

** Leaves pubescent or tomentose beneath.

E. tomentosus, Kurz

in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, pt. ii. 305

ovate or orbicular obtuse acute or obtusely acuminate densely
Oonnarus ? monophyllus,
pubescent beneath, nerves 6-8 pairs very slender.
Wall. Cat. 8551 (Connaracea).
4.

leaflet elliptic

Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasseeim, Wallich., &c. Distrib. Siam.

Branches densely tomentose with fulvous hair. Leaflets 4-6 by 2 3| in., usually elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, but often broader and sometimes quite orbicular, coriaceous,
glabrous, shining and very finely reticulated above; petiole ^-| in. Racemes ^ in.,

lowers in. diam. Sepals obtuse. Petals twice as long, oblong,

densely tomentose.
Ovary strigose.
Capsule 1^ in. (2 in., Kurz), semicircular
obtuse. Filaments hairy.
or obovoid, contracted into the stout stalk, obtuse, apiculate, densely velvety, sutures
rounded, valves woody, glabrous within.
5. E.
Griffith!!, Hook. f. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate
rusty-pubescent beneath, nerves 8-10 pairs strong beneath.

Malacca,

Distrib. Borneo.
Griffith.
Branches slender, rusty pubescent or tomentose.
Leaflet 4-5 by l|-2 in., coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, tomentose chiefly on the nerves beneath petiole
^-^ in. Bacemes \ in., few-flowered. Capsules \ in. long, curved, semicircular, beaked,
densely clothed with rusty velvety tomentum, stalk very short, valves woody, glabrous
;

within.

Order L.

LEGUmiNOSSI.

(By

J.

G. Baker, F.L.S.)

Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves stipulate and usually alternate, pinnate or

digitate or simple, often stipellate, sometimes with the rachis ending in a tendril.
Inflorescence axillary leaf-opposed or terminal, usually simply racemose or
panicled ; bracts and bracteoles usually both present. Flowers usually irreSepals 5, combined or free,
gular, hermaphrodite, rarely regular or polygamous.
Petals 5, rarely fewer by
often unequal, sometimes combined into two lips.
Stamens normally ten, perigynous or almost
arrest, usually free and unequal.
hypogynous, rarely fewer by arrest or indefinite ; filaments free or variously comOvary
Anthers 2-celled, the dehiscence almost* always longitudinal.
bined.
free ; style simple, cylindrical, usually declinate ; stigma capitate, terminal
or oblique. Ovules one or more on; the ventral suture. Fruit usually dry, a pod
splitting open along both sutures, sometimes continuous and indehiscent, at
Seeds usually exalbuminous ; cotyledons
others separating into 1-seeded joints.
foliaceous or amygdaloid, with a straight or inflexed accimibent radicle.
Djstrib. One of the moafr cosmopolitan of natural orders, the second largest of
'

flowering plants, containing between 6000 and 7000 known species. Of the
three suborders it is only 'the first that is cosmopolitan, the two others not
reaching beyond the tropieal and warm temperate zones.

Suborder L PAPILIONACEJE. Corolla papilionaceous. Petals irregular,

imbricated, the uppermost (standard) outermost, the four others in two opposite
pairs.

Stamens

Tribe

I.

definite.

Fodalyriese.

Shrub with connate stipules

Herbs with free stipules'

Stamens

free.

Tod

dehiscent.

..........

Tribe II. G-enisteee. Stamens monadelphous.

Leaves simple or digitately 3-foliolate.

Pod

1.

2.

Leaves digitate.
Piptanthus.
Thermopsis.

dehiscent, not jointed.

Anthers uniform.

LEGUMmosiE.

5X

Keel petals scarcely cohering,

Anthers dimorphous.

(J. G. Baker.)

3.

EOTHIA.

4.

Abgybolobium.

5.

Lotononis.

Keel petals Jirmly cohering.

Leaflets entire, subsessile.

Keel obtuse.

Calyx 2-lipped
Calyx subequally 5-toothed
Keel beaked.

Pod

....

flattened.

.Flowers solitary in axils of leaves

Flowers in terminal racemes
Pod turgid
.
.
Leaflets toothed, stalked
.

6.

Heylandia.

7-

Peioteopis.
Ceotalaeia.
Ononis.

8.

9.

Tribe III. Trifolieae. Stamens diadelphous. Pod usually dehiscent, not

Leaves digitately or pinnately 3-foliolate leaflets usually toothed.

jointed.

* Leaves digitately 3-foliolate.

Petals persistent, adnate to the staminal tube

Petals caducous, free from the staminal tube

** Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate.

Pod
Pod
Pod

....

elongated, straight or recurved

short, round, or

oblong

1.0.

11.

12.
13.

falcate or spiral

14.

Pod

Tribe TV. XiOtese. Stamens diadelphous.

Leaves pinnately 5-foliolate ; leaflets entire.

Tribe V. G-alegeee.
Stamens usually diadelphous.
Leaves imparipinnate leaflets entire.
*

Anthers apiculate.

** Anthers obtuse.

Hairs fixed by the

Pod

16.

17.

Hairs

basifixed.

Cyamopsis.
Indigofeea.

.18.

Leaves gland-dotted .
-seeded, indehiscent.
.
few- or many-seeded, subindehiscent or late in dehiscing.

Psoealea.

filiform.

Pod membranous, inflated

Pod woody or very firm

19. Colutea.
20. Mo.t.kttia.

Filaments dilated

Pod many -seeded, soon

.21.

MuxirjuA.

.22.

Tepweosia.

dehiscing.

Flowers mostly in leaf-opposed racemes

Flowers mostly in axillary racemes.
Pod very long, distinctly septate

Pod

dehiscent, not

centre.

Filaments
'

Lotus.

Stamens monadelphous
Stamens diadelphous

Pod
Pod

Teigonella.
Melilotus.
Medicago.

dehiscent, not jointed.

15.

jointed.

Teifolium.
Paeochetus.

23. Sksbania.

linear or oblong, not septate.

Calyx very oblique

Calyx not, oblique.
Keel very, short, obtuse
Keel long, obtuse
Keel long, appendiculate

24.

......

25. GUIDENSTJEDTIA.
26.

Cabagana.

27.

ASTBAGAMJS.
OXYTBGPIS.

58

LEGUMIN0S2E.

l.

Hedysareae.

Tribe VI.
jointed if

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

Stamens diadelphous or monadelphous.

Leaves odd-pinnate.

more than 1-seeded.

Pod

* Leaves exstipellate.

Stamens monadelphous anthers uniform.

Flowers in a lax raceme
Leaflets' 1-3.
Leaflets 3.
Flowers in a dense head
;

28.
29.

Leaflets 4
Leaflets many

Tavernieba.
Ebenus.

30. Geissapsis.

31.

Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1) anthers uniform.

Ovule solitary. Pod 1 -jointed
Ovules few.
Spiny shrub, with simple leaves
Herbs with imparipinnate leaves.

Onobrychis.

32. Lespedeza.

Pod distinctly jointed

Pod marked only by faint

....
....
....
....
transverse lines

Stamens monadelphous anthers dimorphous.

Joints of pod 2-6, muricated
Joints of pod 1-2, rugose
Stamens in two bundles of 5 each anthers uniform.
;

33.

Alhagi.

34.

Hedysarum.

35.

Stracheya.

36.

Zornia.

37. Stylosanthes.

Pod
Pod

38. Smithia.

twisted inside the calyx

straight exserted from the calyx.
Calyx 2-lipped
Calyx 5-toothed

** Leaves stipellate.

(Stamens in

Ovary 1-ovuled.
Racemes terminal, capitate
Eacemes axillary, lax
Ovules several. Pod not distinctly
.

Pod
Pod

39.
40.
all

9 and 1

iEsCHYNOMENE.
Ormocarpum.

anthers uniform.)

.41.

Leptodesmia.

42. Eleiotis.

jointed.

turgid

43.

.44.

flat

Ovules 2 or more. Pod distinctly jointed.

Pod twisted up so that the joints are brought face to face.
Calyx accrescent teeth lanceolate
Calyx not accrescent teeth setaceous
.
Pod not twisted up.
Joints turgid
Joints flattened.
Pedicel abruptly inflexed at the tip
.
.
Pedicel not inflexed.
Eacemes in fascicles from the old wood
Eacemes simple or panicled from the year's shoots

.....46.

45.

Pycnospora.
PSEUDARTHRIA.

Lourea.
Uraria.

47. Axysicarpus.

48.

.49.
.

Mecopus.
Ottgeinia.

50. DESMODiinyr.

Tribe VII. Vicieae. Stamens diadelphous (the tenth abortive in Abrus).

dehiscent, not jointed.
Leaves equally pinnate petiole ending in a tendril

Pod

or bristle.

Shrubs with the tenth stamen absent

Herbs with diadelphous stamens (9 and

51.

Leaflets toothed
Leaflets entire.

52. Cicer.

Tube of stamens oblique at mouth

Tube of stamens truncate at mouth
Tribe VIII.

Phaseoleae.

dehiscent, not jointed.

3-foliolate leaves.

Abrus.

1).

53. Vicia.
54. Lathyrxjs.

Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous.

Pod

Climbing, rarely erect herbs or shrubs, with pinnately

L.

leguminosje.

(J. G.

Baker.)

59

Subtribe I. Glycineje. Leaves not gland-dotted ; leaflets stipellate. Nodes

Petals about equal in length. Style
of racemes not tumid. Flowers small.
beardless/
*

Stamens diadelphous.

and bracts conspicuous persistent.

Stipules

Style filiform.
Calyx -teeth distinct.
Standard spurred. Flowers dimorphic
Standard not spurred. Flowers uniform
Style flattened upwards.
Calyx truncate

** Stamens monadelphous.

Anthers uniform,

Stipules

.55.
.56.

....
.

and

57.

Amphicarpjea.
Shtjteria.

Dumasia.

bracts minute caducous.

58.

all fertile

Alternate anthers abortive

Glycine.

59. Teraaintjs.

Subtribe II. Erythrike^e.

Leaves not gland-dotted; leaflets stipellate.
Nodes of racemes tumid. Flowers conspicuous. Petals very unequal. Style
beardless.

Keel exceeding the wings and standard.

Anthers dimorphous
Anthers uniform
Standard exceeding the keel and wings
Standard and keel equal wings short
.

60.

...

.61.
.62.
63.

Subtribe III.

Galactie^;.

Nodes of racemes tumid.

*

Leaves not gland-dotted

Petals equal.

Mucuna.
Apios.

Strongylodon

leaflets

'

Erythrina.

stipellate.

Style beardless.

Stamens diadelphous.

Herbs.

Two upper
Two upper

calyx-teeth not fused

calyx-teeth fused into one.
Keel nearly straight
.
Keel semicircular
.

.64.

Grona.

65. Gaeactia.
66.

Cocbxianthus.

Shrubs.

Pod

not winged.
Flowers small, panicled
Flowers large, racemose
Pod many-seeded, winged
1 -seeded,

.......

Spatholobus.
Butea.
69. Mastersia.

67.
68.

** Stamens monadelphous.

Upper lip of calyx projecting

Upper teeth of calyx not projecting.

Pod
Pod

oblong, turgid, 1-2-seeded

linear, flat,

many-seeded

.....
J.

70.

Can avaha.

71.

Dioclba.

72.

PrERAkiA.

Subtribe IV. Etjphaseoleje. Leaves not gland-dotted.

*
phous. Style bearded below the stigma.

Stamens diadel-

Stigma

oblique.

Keel spiral
Keel not spiral.
Keel not spiral.

.73.

Phaseoetjs.

74. Vigjta.

Style filiform
Style flat upwards

75. Pachyrhiztjs.

** Stigma terminal.
Petals very unequal in length
.
.
Petals equal in length. Pod flattish
Petals equal in length. Pod square, 4-wingecl
'

.76.
77.

.78.

Clitoria.

Dolichos.
Psophocarpus.

60

L.

leguminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

Subtribe V. Cajane^j. Leaves gland-dotted below

Nodes of raceme not tumid. Style not bearded.
*

Pod

stipellre often abortive.

Ovules 3 or more.

between each seed.

.
Seeds with a large grooved aril
Aril absent
Pod without depressed lines between the seeds
-with depressed lines

79. Atylosia.

80. Cajanus.

81.

Dunbaria.

** Ovules 1-2.
82. Cylista.

Calyx-teeth accrescent
Calyx-teeth not accrescent.
Funiculus at the end of the hilum
Funiculus centric on the hilum.

Leaves pinnate.
Leaves digitate.

Pod compressed
Pod turgid

...

.84.

83.

...

85.

Eriosema.

Rhynchosja.
Fiemingia.

Tribe IX. Dalberg*ie88.

Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous.
Leaves odd-pinnate.

Pod

continuous, indehiscent.

* Leaflets distinctly alternate.

Flowers small, white or reddish

Flowers large, yellow
.

.86.
.87.

.90.

Dalbergia.
Pterocarpus.

** Leaflets opposite.

Pod flat, almost woody, wingless

Pod flat, thin, firm, winged down one
Pod round, subdrupaceous
.

Tribe X.

or both sutures

Sophoreae. Stamens

free.

88.

Pongamia.

89.

Derris.

Euchresta.

Pod not jointed. Leaves odd-pinnate,

rarely simple.

Bract and braeteoles large, opposite, per-

Leaves simple.
sistent

Leaves odd-pinnate. Bracts and braeteoles small, caducous.

Stigma terminal.
Pod moniliform

Pod

equal,

flat,

.91.

Dalhousiea.

.92.

Sophora.

membranous

93. Calptjrnia.

Stigma oblique.

Pod
Pod

indehiscent, flattish, narrowly winged

.94.

turgid, dehiscent, fleshy or coriaceous

Suborder

CJESALPINIJEJE.

II.

upper innermost in bud. Stamens

Tribe XI.
*

Petals imbricate, slightly unequal, the

Leaves ample, abruptly bipinnate.

Sutures of pod not winged

Both sutures of pod winged
Upper suture, of pod winged
Pod samaroid

Pod
Pyd

thin, flat

96. Cjesalpinia.
97.
98.

.99.

Peltophorum.
Mezonetjron.
Pteroeobium.

sepals valvate.

turgid, moniliform

Ormosia.

sepals imbricated.

** Calyx-disk sub-basal

Pericopsis.

definite.

Eucaesalpinieae.

Calyx-disk sub-basal

95.

100. Poinciana.
101. Parkinsonia.

l.

leguminosje.

(J. G.

Baker.)

61

*** Calyx-disk placed considerably above the base.

102.

Wagatea.

See also Mezoneuron, Tubicalyx.

Tribe XII.

Cassieae

Leaves simply pinnate.

Calyx-tube short; disk

subbasal.

Anthers mostly dehiscing by a terminal pore

Petals 5.
Petals 5.
Anthers dehiscing longitudinally
Petal 1. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1)
Petals none.
Stamens 2. Leaves unequally pinnate
Stamens 10. Leaves equally pinnate.
Sepals usually 5 .
Sepals 4
.

.104. Cynometra.
105. Sindoba.

106. Dialium.
107. Hardwickia.
108. Crtjdia.

'.

Tribe XIII. Amherstieoe.

a prolonged calyx-tube.

Disk at the top of

Leaves equally pinnate.

Petals none
Petals 3-5.

109. Saraca.

Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1)

Stamens monadelphous, only 3 developed
Stamens 5, free, equal
Stamens 3-8, free ^
Tribe

103. Cassia.

....
....
.

XIV. Bauhinieae.

110. Amherstia.
111. Tamarixdus.
112. Humboldtia.
113. Afzelia.

Leaves simple, mostly deeply 2-lobed.

114. Batthinia.

Stjbokder III. MIMOSEAL. Petals regular, valvate, usually united above

Stamens definite or indefinite.

the base.

Tribe

XV. BXimoseee.

Stamens

definite, usually ten.

* Anthers at first gland-crested.

Herbs with flowers

in round heads
Tree with flowers in round heads
Shrubs or trees with flowers in spikes.
Climber with tendrils
Erect without prickles
Erect prickly.
Pod turgid with a thick mesocarp

Pod
Pod

115. Neptttnia.
116. Xylia..
117.
118.

Entada.

Adenanthera/

119. Prosopis.
120. DlCHROSTACHYS.
121. PlPTADENIA.

thin, coriaceous, finally twisted

long, thin, flat

** Anthers not gland-crested.

Stamens

10.

Calyx-teeth imbricate. Stamens monadelphous

Calyx-teeth valvate. Stamens free.
Pod ligulate, coriaceous, continuous.
Undershrub with clavate stigma
Tree with capitate stigma
Pod jointed
Stamens 5

Tribe XVI.
Stamens free

AcacieaB.

Stamens

122. Parkia.

123.
124.

Desmanthus.
Leucena.

125. Mimosa.
126. Acrocarpus.

indefinite.

127. Acacia.

62

Baker.)

(J. G.

leguminos-e.

l.

[Piptanthus.

Stamens monadelphous.
Leaves bipinnate.

Pod
Pod

thin, ligulate, the sutures not thickened

large,

thickened
rather falcate, the sutures

Pod
Pod

128. Albizzia.

turgid, oblong, indehiscent, the sutures not

much thickened

.132.

circinate

Leaves simply pinnate

1.

PIPTANTKUS,

129. Serianthes.
130. Calliandra.
131. Pithecolobium.

Inga.

D. Don.

shrub.
Leaves digitately 3-foliolate.
Flowers racemed, bracteate.
Calyx-tube campanulate teeth equal, lanceolate. Corolla three times the calyx
wings
petals all with long claws
standard orbicular, erect, margins reflexed
obovate; keel-petals obovate-oblong, connate down the back, slightly incurved.
Stamens free anthers uniform. Ovary linear, stalked, downy, 6-10-ovulate
Pod linear, flattened, constyle filiform, incurved ; stigma minute terminal.
single endemic species.
tinuous within. Distkib.
;

1. P. nepalensis, D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Flower Gard. t, 264; Brand.

For. Flor. 132. Thermopsis nepaulensis, DC. Prodr. ii. 99. T. laburnifolia,
Don Prodr. 239. Baptisia? nepalensis, Hook. Exot. Flor. t. 131. Anagyris
A. indica, Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc.
nepalensis, Grah, in Wall. Cat. 5340.
vii. 245.

Temperate Himalaya, from Simla

A shrub

6-10

high

to

Bhotax,

habit of the laburnum

alt.

7-9000

ft.

branches downy.

Stipules small,
connate, amplexicaul petiole 1 in. or less leaflets glabrescent, lanceolate, 2-4 in.,
12-20
Flowers
narrowed to both ends.
in subdense racemes
bracts large, deciduous bracteoles 0.
Calyx downy, deciduous from the base.
Corolla yellow, above
feet

long.

1 in.

Pod 2-5

in.,

3-10-seeded.

2.

TKERXHOPSIS,

R. Br.

Perennial herbs.
Leaves stipulate, 3-foliolate
bracts large, leafy, free.
Calyx-tube turbinate teeth lanceoFlowers showy, usually yellow, racemed.
two upper more or less connate. Petals all long-clawed standard orbiculate
wings obovate keel-petals obovate-oblong, faintly joined
lar, sides refiexed
down the back. Stamens free; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, sessile or
style filiform, incurved
stigma minute terminal.
stalked, oc-ovulate
Pod
turgid, linear or oblong, straight or falcate, continuous within.
Distkib.
Species 12, China, Japan, N. America.
;

densely shaggy, leaflets

1. T- barbata, Boyle III. 196, t. 32, fig. 1
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4868.
oblanceolate, corolla deep purple, pod linear-oblong.
Anagyris barbata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5341.
;

Temperate and Subalpine Himalaya, from Kashmir and Ktjnawar

ascending to 11,000 ft.
Stems
Bootstock woody.

to Sikkim,

1 ft. or more, copiously branched dichotomously.

Leaves
stipules just like the leaflets in texture and
subglabrescent, often opposite
shape. Flowers 6-12, short-stalked, opposite or ternate.
Calyx shaggy, like the
Corolla 1 in. long.
leaves, 3 lower teeth twice the tube.
Bod short-stalked, | in.
broad, 1-6-seeded.

sessile,

Thermopsis.']

l.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

63

T. inflata, Camb.

in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. iv. 34, t. 39 finely downy,

obovate-cuneate, corolla yellow, pod broad-oblong.
Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Jown. ii. 431.
2.

leaflets

Himalayas of Tibet and Kunawar, alpine region, alt. 15-17,000 ft.

General habit of the last, but not more than half a foot high. Bootstock woody,
widely creeping. Leaves sessile leaflets fleshy, glaucous, \-^ in. Stipules like the
leaflets in shape and texture.
Bacemes close, 6-10-flowered. Flowers short-stalked,
in twos or threes.
Calyx finely silky, the three lower teeth as long as the tube.
Pod short-stalked, 6-10-seeded, oblong, an inch or more thick, more membranous and
flexible than in T. barbata, and dehiscing less readily.
;

ROTHIA,

3.

Pers.

Leaves petioled, digitately 3-foliolate. Flowers copious,

Diffuse annuals.
Calyx-tube turbinate, the teeth as long as
minute, in the axils of the leaves.
Corolla scarcely exserted, all the
the tube, the two upper broader and arched.
petals narrow, nearly straight, distinctly unguiculate,' those of the keel scarcely
cohering.
Filaments united in a tube which is slit along the top anthers
uniform, minute.
Ovary sessile, linear, oo-ovulate style short, straight, filiform, stigma capitate minute. Pod linear, slender, nearly straight, compressed,
continuous within. Distrib. Two species, the other Trop. African.
;

R. trifoliata, Pers ; DC. Prodr. ii. 382 Wall. Cat. 5821 Wt. #
Lotus indicus, Desr. in Lam. Enc. iii.
Wight Ic. t. 199.
Prodr. 195
Trigonella indica, Linn. : Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 389. Dillwynia trifoliata,
606.
Glycine leptocarpa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5515. Hosackia
Roth Cat. iii. 71.
indica, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5940.
1.

Am.

Tropical Plains from Btjndelkund

to Ceylon.
Distrlb. Australia.
copiously-branched diffuse annual with slender stems a foot or more long.'
Stipules free, minute, ^-lunate, persistent petioles shorter than the leaflets
leaflets
oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, minutely mucronate, rather fleshy, silky, ^-1 in. long.
Calyx silky,
Flowers 1-4, on short pedicels in the axils of most of the leaves.
Pod \\-2 in., silky. Seeds 20 or more.
Corolla inconspicuous, fugacious.
|-| in.

4.

AEGYROLOBIUM,

Eckl.

Zeyh.

Leaves digitately 3-foliolate ; stipules free.

Flowers
Herbs or shrubs.
Calyx 2-lipped, slit
yellow, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or umbels.
nearly to the base, with (in Indian species) 5 distinct teeth, 2 to the upper,
3 to the lower lip. Corolla scarcely if at all exserted ; standard roundish ;
wings oblong keel-petals broad, joined down the back to the obtuse incurved
anthers dimorphous.
Ovary linear, sessile,
Stamens monadelphous
tip.
oo-ovuled ; style elongate, filiform, curved gradually upwards inside the keel,
stigma minute oblique. Pod linear, straight, continuous within, compressed,
Distrib. Species 40-50, mostly South African.
subtorulose.
;

1. A. flaccidum, Jaub. 8f Spach in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. xix. 48;
terminal leaflet lanceolate acute, upper lip of 'calyx as long as lower, 4 upper
Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. iii. 350. Cytisus
teeth deltoid, lowest subulate.
Glycine ? flaccida, Wall. Cat. 5517. A. divaricatum,
flaccidus, Royle III. 197.
Jaub. Sf Spach. loc. tit. ; III. PL Orient, i. 116.

64

leguminosje.

L.

(J.

;;

G. Baker.)

[Argyrolobium.

Tropical and Temperate tracts of north-west India, ascending from the plains to
9000 ft.
A shrub with very slender diffuse branches reaching 12-18 in. high. Stipules
minute, linear, persistent petioles much shorter than the leaves leaflets pale, silky,
subequal, lanceolate, acute, ~~ in. long.
Flowers 1-6 in leaf-opposed racemes on
peduncles that exceed the leaves.
Calyx A-| in. teeth shorter than the limb. Pod
densely silky, 6-8-seeded, in. broad.
Cytisus languinosus, Boyle MSS., is a form
with more densely silky vestiture.
;

2. A. roseum, Jaub. 8f Spach. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. xix. 51

end leaflet
obovate-cuneate very obtuse, upper lip of calyx shorter than lower, teeth all
lanceolate. Oytisus roseus, Camb. in Jacq. Toy. Bot. iv. 35, t. 40. A. ornithopodioides, Jaub. 8f Spach, loc. cit.
III. PI. Orient, i. 116.
A. Kotschyi, Boiss.
;

Diagn.

32.

vi.

Tropical and Subtemperate tracts of the north-west, ascending from the plains
to 7000

ft.

in

Kumaon.

Distrib.

Persia.

General habit of A. flaceidum, but nearly or quite glabrous. Stipules the same
petioles as long as or shorter than the leaves
leaflets |-| in. long, often nearly as
broad, point truncate or emarginate. Peduncles 1-4-flowered, exceeding the leaves.
Calyx | in., glabrous teeth of upper lip exceeding limb. Corolla yellow tinged with
red; standard longer than upper lip of calyx. Pod glabrous, 10-15-seeded,
in.
broad.
A. trigonelloides, J. % S., with a similar habit, but a shorter flatter pod with
much fewer seeds, will probably be found in Scinde.
:

5.

LOTOKON1S,

DO.

Herbs or shrubs with digitately trifoliolate leaves, stipules connate or free,

flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or umbels.
Calyx-tube narrowturbinate ; lowest tooth deeper than the other 4.
Corolla little exserted
standard very narrow ; wings shorter and still narrower ; keel longer, suddenly
incurved at the tip, its petals firmly joined along the back. Stamens united in
a tube slit along the top \ anthers dimorphous. Ovary sessile, linear, oc-ovulate
style abruptly incurved at the base, stigma minute oblique.
Pod linear,
usually compressed, but in our species turgid.
Distkib. Species 60, nearly all
restricted to South Africa.
1.

Xieobordea,

Zi.

lotoides, Delile

Fragm.

Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ.

PI.

Arab. 23, tab.

ii.

Leobordea

607.

1.

Sonde between the plains and Eohill pass, Stocks. Punjab Peshawur, Stewart.
Distrib. Through the desert region to Algeria, Abyssinia and the Cape.
much-branched finely silky diffuse annual, \ ft. or less high. Stiptdes minute
lanceolate, deciduous petiole as long as leaf; leaflets oblanceolate, rather fleshy, obtuse,
minutely mucronate, i-| in. Flowers 1-5, subsessile in axils of most of the leaves.
Calyx silky, \~ in. Corolla pale yellow or red, scarcely exserted. Pod linear-oblong,
turgid, 4-8-seeded, scarcely exserted.
;

6.

HEYLANDIA,

DC.

Corolla much
Calyx-tube turbinate teeth lanceolate, three lowest deepest.
wings much smaller, obovate keel-petals
exserted
standard large, round
narrow, joined along the back, narrowed into an incurved beak. Stamens
united in a tube slit above anthers dimorphous. Ovary sessile, 2-ovulate style
;

Heylandia.']

leguminos^;.

L.

G. Baker.)

(J.

65

elongated filiform abruptly incurved at the base stigma terminal.

single endemic species.
flat, 1-2-seeded.
Distrib.
;

K. latebrosa, DC. Mem.

Pod

oblong,

Leg. 201
W. # A. Prodr. 180; Dalz. $
Hedysaruni latebrosum, Linn. Munt. 270. H. leiocarpa,
DC. loc. cit. Wall. Cat. 5342. Hallia hirta, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1169. Crotalaria uniflora, Koen. in Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 271.
Heylandia hebecarpa, DC.
loc. cit. t. 34.
Goniogyna hebecarpa, leiocarpa and latebrosa, DC. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. ser. 1. iv. 91.
1.

Gibs.

Bomb. Fl.

54.

Everywhere in the tropical region from the G-angetic plain and Scinde to Ceylon.
more or less silky much-branched herb. Leaves close-set, alternate,
simple, subsessile, cordate-ovate, || in. long, more produced in the lower half.
Flowers in the axils of most of its leaves, subsessile, solitary.
Corolla yellow,

A prostrate

\-~

Pod

in.

silky,

|~ in.

long.

7.

PHIOTHOPIS, W. & A.

Calyx-tube campanulate teeth subequal.

Corolla much exsertedr standard
roundish wings obovate-oblong keel broad, with a long distinct ascending
beak. Stamens monadelphous anthers dimorphous.
Ovary distinctly stalked,
oc-ovulate style long, abruptly incurved at the base, bearded on the inner
side, stigma capitate.
Pod distinctly-stalked, 5-6-seeded, oblong, flattened,
continuous within. Disteib.
single endemic species.
;

1.
ii.

P. cytisoides, W.

594

Walp. Ann.

Wall. Cat. 5422

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

fy A. Prodr. 180
461.
Orotalaria cytisoides, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 276 ;
Prodr. ii. 131.
;

iv.

DC.

Tropical East Himalaya Nipax to Ava, ascending to 6000 ft. in Sikkim.

Undershrub, with the habit of Crotalaria striata, with slender glabrous branches.
Stipules
petioles as long as the leaves leaflets 3, oblong, glabrous, membranous,
2-3 in. long, narrowed to both ends. Racemes copious, short-stalked, leaf-opposed
and terminal, closely 12-20-flowered. Calyx \ in., finely silky teeth lanceolate, as
long as the tube.
Corolla pale yellow, glabrous, 2-3 times the calyx.
Pod 1 in. by
l in., narrowed to both ends
gynophore filiform, quite as long as the calyx.
;

8.

CROTALAHIA,

L.

Herbs or shrubs of very various habit and

vestiture.
Leaves simple or 3very rarely odd-pinnate. Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes,
often showy.
Calyx-tube short ; teeth linear or lanceolate, subequal or shortly
connate in two lips.
Corolla equalling or exceeding calyx standard with a short
claw, usually round wings obovate-oblong, shorter keel broad, equalling the
wings, its petals joined down the back, much incurved, distinctly beaked.
Stamens monadelphous ; anthers dimorphous. Ovary sessile or stipitate, linear,
usually multi- rarely 2-ovulate
style long, abruptly incurved at the base,
bearded upwards, stigma minute oblique.
Pod sessile or stipitate, straight,
linear or oblong, turgid, continuous within, usually many-seeded.
Distrib.
Species 2-300 spread everywhere in tropical and subtropical regions.
foliolate,

Sect. I. Arenariae, Benth. Rigid copiously stiffly-branched undershrubs;

small group,
often Spiny, with scattered small rigid deciduous simple leaves.
characteristic of the desert Flora, reaching westward through Arabia and North
Africa to Senegal.
VOL. II.
F

66

l.
t

Baker.)

(J. G.

C. Burhia, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. 5386 Benth.

$ Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 64.

1.
ii.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

[Crotalaria.
in Hook. Lond. Journ.

474; Date.

Scinde and Punjab, in sandy plains, ascending to 4000 ft. Cambay, in the desert
Distrib. Afghanistan and Beloochistan.
A low undershrub, with very numerous stiff erecto-patent branches, clothed with
fine pale tomentum.
Spines none. Leaves scattered, deciduous, subsessile, oblong or

region, Dalzell.

\-\^ in. long; stipules 0. Flowers 6-12, in

pedicels 2-bracteolate, very short.
Calyx densely silky,
teeth long, lanceolate.
Corolla yellow, scarce exserted.
Pod oblong, 3-4\-Ji in.
seeded, rather longer than calyx.
lanceolate, rigid, pale green, silky,

elongated terminal racemes

Sect. II. Diffusae, Benth. Copiously-branched herbs with flexuose trailing

Leaves close, simple. Stipules
stems.
or small, not decurrent.
Racemes all
lateral, leal-opposed, usually reduced to few flowers or one only.
Pods glabrous
or downy.

C. biflora, Linn.; pod eubglobose finely silky flexible 12-20-seeded.

"
Prodr. ii. 127
biflorus, Linn. Mant.
WIJ& A. Prodr. 100.
273.
0. mum uu; aria, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 979; R&xb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 271; DC.
Prodr. ii. 129
Wall. Cat. 5417 (ex parte). 0. hirta, Roth Nov. Sp. 339.
0.
Rothiana, DC. Prodr. ii. 127. 0. Rothii, Spreng. Syst. iii. 237. Oicer nummularisefolium, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 354.
2.

DC.

Plains of the Peninsula and Ceylon. Distrib. Java.

Leaves close, subsessile,
silky trailing annual, with stems 1-1^ ft. long.
densely silky, ovate or roundish, | 1 in. long, obtuse, mucronate stipules minute,
Calyx ^ in., densely
usually 0. Pedicels 2-4 times leaves, 1 or closely 2-flowered.
Corolla yellow, scarcely exserted.
silky teeth long, upper lanceolate, lower linear.
Pod compressible, fl| in. long, short-stalked.

pod subglobose finely silky hare"

3. C. globosa, W. fy A. Prodr. 190
2-4 seeded. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 475. 0. globulosa, Wight in Wall.
;

Cat. 5412.

Carnatic, Dindygul hills and Courtallum, Wight, G. Thomson.

Habit, vestiture, leaves, infloresence, calyx and corolla just as in C. biflora, but
pod smaller, not compressible, glabrescent before splitting, with seeds larger and much
fewer.

C. filipes, Benth.

4.

in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 475 ; finely silky, stipules

peduncles thread-like 1-3-flowered, bracts and

0, leaves cordate-oblong oblique,

corolla very minute,

pod oblong glabrous 8-10-seeded.

Date.

8f

Gibs.

Bomb.

Flora, 56.
Plains of the west side of the Western Peninsula ; Dekkan, Edgeworth.
Stems very slender, -1 ft., clothed with fine spreading deciduous silky hairs.
Leaves pale, rigid, prominently veined, subsessile, obtuse, much more rounded on the
lower side. Peduncles copious, rigid, 3-6 times the leaves, glabrous ; flowers disCalyx
in. long, finely silky
tant if more than one bracts persistent, reflexed.
Corolla yellow, exserted standard erect, veined, round,
teeth long, all lanceolate.
in. broad. Pod short-stalked, ^ in. long.

C. filiform is, Wall.

Cat. 5389; subglabrous, stipules semilunate perpeduncles 1-2-flowered, bracts linear very minute, corolla
very small, pod linear-oblong glabrous 12-16-seeded. Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. ii. 475.
5.

sistent, leaves oblong,

Ava

Mount Prome, Wallich.

Stems slender, copiously branched, thinly silky when young. Leaves short-stalked,
stipules small, spreading,
membranous, pale, subacute, 1-2 in. long, glaucous below
;


L.

Crotalaria.']

leguminosji.

(J. G.

Baker.)

67

Peduncles very slender, sometimes pseudo-terminal

foliacecms.
ment of leaves from their nodes ; flowers if two distant. Calyx
deep, lanceolate.
long.

Pod

Corolla yellow, not distinctly exserted.

by the develop in. long teeth

- in.
;

short-stalked,

6. C. trichophora, Benth. MSS. ; densely silky, stipules ,0, leaves

obliquely cordate-oblong, peduncles 1-2-flowered, bracts and corolla very small,
pod oblong glabrous 6-8-seeded.

Concan

plains, Stocks.

Stems slender, copiously branched, 1-1|- ft., clothed with long silky yellow-brown
Leaves sessile, membranous, ^1 in. long, obtuse or subacute, pale, membranous,
hairs.
more broadly rounded on the lower side. Peduncles thread-like, rigid, clothed with
Calyx
long hairs, rarely two-flowered, often leafy downwards, longer than the leaves.
teeth long, linear.
in., densely silky
short-stalked, -g- in. long.

Corolla yellowish, scarcely exserted.

Pod

subglabrous, stipules deciduous very

7. C. Stocksii, Benth. MSS. ;
minute, leaves linear-oblong, peduncles 1-flowered, bracts and corolla very small,
pod linear-oblong glabrous 12-16-seeded.

Concan, Stocks;

and contained

also

in

Tenasserim

Heifer's

and Andaman

collection.

Stems slender, very copiously branched, 1-1 ft. Leaves short-stalked, obtuse,
in. long, membranous, equally narrowed on both sides at the base.
Pedicels
bracts subulate.
Calyx j~ in.; teeth long, linear.
filiform, 2-3 times the leaves

-l

Corolla yellow, slightly exserted.

8.

Pod

C. vestita, Baker ; densely

sessile,

in. long, finally

black.

silky, leaves linear-oblong, stipules 0, bracts

lanceolate persistent, racemes 4r-5-flowered, corolla middle-sized, pod oblong

glabrous 15-20-seeded.
Herb. Stocks, probably from Concan.
Stems slender, much branched, ^-1 ft., densely clothed with yellow-brown silky
hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, moderately firm, equal-sided, -l in. long, base rounded,
point rather obtuse. Peduncles spreading, exceeding leaves; bracts acute, ^-^ in.
Calyx \ in., shaggy teeth linear, long. Corolla
long pedicels shorter than calyx.
not exserted. Pod nearly sessile, ^f in. long.
;

'->.
C. prostrata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Fl. Ind. iii. 270; finely silky,
stipules 0, leaves obovate-oblong rather oblique, racemes 2-4-flowered, bracts
subulate very minute, corolla small, pod linear-oblong glabrous 12-15-seeded.

Rottl.in Willd. JEnum. 747 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 130; Wall. Cat. 5419;
Prodr. 189 (excl. syn.)-y Mart, in Munch. Denk. 6, t. E.

W. A.

Plains from the Uppeb Ganges to Ceyjlon, ascending to 6000 ft. in the Chenab
Disteib. Java.
Stems slender, -1 ft., clothed with short adpressed or spreading silky yellowbrown hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, ^-1} in. long, obtuse, pale, glaucous below, produced (cordate) on the lower side at the base. Peduncles finely silky, usually twice tt e
Calyx i-i in., densely silky; teeth linear, long.
leaves.
Corolla yellow, not
Pod nearly sessile, ^| in. long.
exserted.
.

valley.

10. C. humifusa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5421; shortly silky, stipules

minute subulate, leaves round-oblong, peduncles laxly 3-6-flowered, bracts and
Benth. in Hook. Lond.
corolla very small, pod oblong glabrous 6-8-seeded.
Journ. ii. 476. O. prostrata, Wight Herb, ex parte.

Ktjmaon
ft.,

to

Sikkim and Khasia, ascending to 5000

ft.

Anamaixat

hills, alt.

Beddome.

v2

4000


68

L.

leguminos^!.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Grotalaria.

Stems under a foot long, slender, flexuose, much branched, densely clothed with
Leaves nearly sessile, very obtuse, memshort spreading yellow-brown silky hairs.
branous, pale, glaucous below, equal at the base, | 1 in. long. Peduncles arcuate,
densely silky, usually 2-3 times the leaves, sometimes leafy below pedicels cernuous,
lower as long as the calyx. Calyx i in., densely silky teeth linear, very long.
Pod short-stalked, ^ in. long.
Corolla yellowish, not exserted.
;

11. Co ferrug'inea, Grdh. in Wall. Cat. 5398; finely silky or shaggy,

stipules lanceolate spreading, leaves obovate-oblong, racemes laxly 2-8-flowered,
bracts small linear, corolla middle-sized, pod linear-oblong glabrous 20-30-

0. canescens, Wall. Cat. 5415.

seeded. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 476.
0. obliqua, Wall. Cat. 5388.
0.
0. crassifolia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5416.
leioloba, Bartl. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gbtt. 1837 ; Linncea xii. Littb. 80.
C. pilosissima, Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 327.

Nipax to Assam, ascending to 5-6000 ft. ; Ava, Mabtaban, Ceylon. Distrib.

Java, Philippines, Formosa.
More robust than all the preceding. Branches in the type finely silky. Leaves
short-stalked, moderately thick, pale beneath, obtuse, equal-sided, 1-2 in. long stipules
Peduncles usually 2-3 times the leaves racemes
persistent, foliaceous, often deflexed.
much elongated; bracts persistent, spreading or deflexed. Calyx f-J in., shortly
lanceolate,
lower linear.
Corolla not distinctly exserted.
silky teeth long, upper
Pod short-stalked, 1-1 in. long.
MSS.
and
Benth.
leaves
flowers
pilosissima,
larger, calyx and branches
;
Vab. )8.
densely clothed with longer bright yellow-brown silky hairs. Khasia 3-5000 ft.,
;

Hook.

fil.

Thomson.

acicularis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5390 finely silky, stipules small

12.
B
lanceolate, leaves oblong oblique, racemes closely 12-20 flowered, bracts lanceolate, corolla small, pod linear-oblong glabrous 15-20 seeded. Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Journ. ii. 476. 0. disticha, Zolling. in Flora, 1847, 694.
;

Distbib. Java, Philippines.

to Ava and Tenassebim.
Stems slender, a foot long or more, thinly clothed with spreading silky hairs.
Leaves nearly sessile, obtuse, glaucous-green, membranous, thinly silky, i-l in. long,
rounded on the upper, cordate on the lower side at the base stipules persistent, rePeduncles equalling or exceeding leaves bracts small, persistent, reflexed.
flexed.
Corolla not exserted.
Pod
Calyx |- in., densely silky, teeth linear, very long.

Bengal

Bessile,

\-%

in. long,

C. evolvuloides, Wight in Wall.

Cat. 5410 ; finely silky, stipules

linear minute, leaves round-oblong obtuse slightly oblique, racemes 3-8 flowered,
bracts minute lanceolate, corolla small, pod oblong finely downy 8-10-seeded.
W. A. Prodr. 188 (excl. syn.) ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 477. O.

13.

hirsute, Wall. Cat.

5413 A.C.

Tropical region, Nilghibis and Ceylon.

Stems 1-2 feet long, copiously branched, clothed with fine short spreading hairs.
Leaves short-stalked, ~-l in. long, moderately firm in texture, always obtuse. Peduncles
equalling or much exceeding the leaves pedicels cernuous, exceeding the bracts,
Calyx in., long densely pubescent; teeth long, linear.
Coshorter than the calyx.
Pod short-stalked |- in. long. The plant figured
rolla yellow, slightly exserted.
under this name in Wight's Icones t. 31 from Courtallum has much larger flowers and
is probably a distinct undescribed species.
/

14. C. hirsuta, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 978 ; finely silky, stipules linear minute, leaves ovate acute slightly oblique, racemes 2-3-flowered, bracts lanceolate
minute, corolla middle-sized, pod oblong finelv downy 8-10-seeded. Roxb. Fl.
DC. Prodr. ii. 126; W. $ A. Prodr. 188.
Ind. ii. 270; Wall. Cat. 5413
;

;;

Crotalaria.]

l.

leguminosjj.

(J.

G. Baker.)

69

0. dicliotoma, Roth Nov. Sp. 340. 0. rubiginosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 269, non
0. bifaria, Wall. Cat. 5399, in part. 0. triflora, Heyne in Wall. Cat.
Willd.
5387.
Tropical region, Central Himalaya, Royle, Edgeworth, Thomson Bundelcund,
Western Peninsula, Heyne, Wight.
Very near the last. Leaves more membranous, always acute, 1-2 in. Peduncles
shorter, more slender, often leafy, densely clothed with short spreading silky hairs.
Calyx \ in., densely pubescent. Corolla yellow, distinctly exserted. Pod just the
;

Edgeworth

same

in shape

15.

and

size.

C. b ifaria, Linn. Suppl. 322

inconspicuously pubescent, stipules

linear minute, leaves round-oblong obtuse slightly oblique, racemes 1-2-flowered,

bracts small lanceolate, corolla middle-si^f ., pod oblong finely downy 10-121

DC. Prodr. ii. 127 ; W. $ A. PVodr. 188 (excl. syn.)

Wall. Cat. 5399, ex parte ; Balz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 55.

seeded.

Wt.

Ic.

t.

30

Tropical regions of the "Western Peninsula ana Ceylon.

Habit of the two last, but pubescence short and inconspicuous. Leaves shortstalked, moderately firm, |-1 in., upper casually narrow, but all obtuse.
Peduncles
stoutish, usually exceeding the leaves bracts reflexed, persistent.
Calyx -| in., obscurely pubescent teeth linear-lanceolate, long.
Corolla yellow, slightly exserted.
Pod short-stalked, \-\\ in. long, very turgid, glabrescent before it splits.
;

16.

C. multiflora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

ii.

478

shortly silky,

stipules linear minute, leaves ovate acute, racemes 2-6-flowered, bracts linear,
corolla large,

Ceylon,

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Cur. xviii. 329.

pod oblong 10-12-seeded.

var. multifiora,
alt.

Am.

in

3-5000

Nova Act. Nat.

ft.,

i.

328.

C. bifaria,

Gardner, Thwaites, &c.

The most robust and showy

species of the section.

Leaves distinctly stalked, subcoriaceous, dark green, glandular, punctate, usually 1-2 in., but reaching in a narrowleaved form 4-5 in. Peduncles -\ foot, stout, arcuate, densely clothed like the
stem with short spreading brown hairs pedicels cernuous, in. bracts reflexed,
;

inconspicuously downy teeth lanceolate, very long. Corolla

yellowish, equalling the calyx standard nearly 1 in. broad, veined with dark purple.
Pod short-stalked, 1^-2 in. long, densely clothed with dark brown silky hairs.
persistent.

Calyx |-1

in.,

Sect. III. Alatae, Benth. Diffuse or suberect pubescent perennials. Leaves

Stipules decurrent as a persistent wing to the branches.
simple.
Racemes all
Pod stipitate linear-oblong glabrous.
lateral, leaf-opposed 1-3-flowered.
17. C. al.ata, Hamilt. ex Roxb. in Don. Prodr. 241
suberect, stipular
wing broad, leaves thin oblong obtuse or subacute, peduncle elongated often leafy,
pod long-stalked. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98 Fl. Ind. iii. 274 DC. Prodr. ii. 124
Wall. Cat. 5356 Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 478. 0. sagitticaulis, Wall.
;

Cat. 5357.

0. bialata, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

Kumaon

iii.

274.

to Assam and the Khasia Mts. ascending to 6500 ft.

Ava, Wallich
Pegu, McLelland. Distrib. Java.
Griffith
suberect under-shrub 1-2 ft. high.
Stem and leaves below clothed with short
silky pubescence. Leaves subsessile, much thinner than in C. rubiginosa, varying from
obovate to ovate-oblong, reaching 2-3 in. stipule forming a wing from one node
nearly to the next, its point lanceolate-deltoid. Racemes 2-3-flowered bracts small,
Calyx in., densely silky tube campanulate bracteoles
persistent, ovate, acuminate.
inserted above the base.
Corolla pale, not exserted. Pod linear-oblong, glabrous,
l-lf in. long, 30-40-seeded.

Mishmi,

18. C. rubiginosa, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 973; difiuse, stipular wing narrow,
leaves small round-obovate obtuse coriaceous, peduncle short not leafy, pod short-

70

leguminosje.

l.

stalked.

DC.

Prodr.

Hook. Lond. Journ.

Wall. Cat. 5358 B.

125

ii.

478.

ii.

(J.

G. Baker.)

;;
;

[Crotalaria.

W.

8f A. Prodr. 181 ; Wt. Ic. t. 885 : Benth. in

0. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 5411. C. Wightiana,

Nilghieis up to 4000 ft.

A spreading shrub with stems -1 foot long, densely shortly grey-downy. Leaves
subsessile, rarely an inch long, dark green, always very obtuse, and densely clothed
with grey or when young with yellow-brown pubescence stipules passing suddenly
Racemes sparse, 1-4-flowered.
into a narrow wing from the spreading deltoid points.
Bracts small, persistent, ovate bracteoles small, lanceolate, inserted above the base.
-i
Calyx
in., densely silky.
Corolla yellow, not exserted. Pod oblong, 1- 1 in. long,
;

glabrous, 20-30-seeded.

Vab. 1. scabrella; stems stronger and more ascending, flowers rather larger,
pod more distinctly stalked. 0. scabrella, W. & A. Prodr. 181. Nilghieis and
Ceylon.
Vab. 2. Wightiana; stems suberect much more robust than in the type, leaves
thinner more silky larger reachiio 2-3 in. long l|-2 in. broad, corolla and calyx f| in.
long, pod 1^-2 in. long, 30-40-seeded.
0. Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5358, A.
W. # A. Prodr. 181. Nilghieis and Ceylon up to 6000 ft.
Sect. IV. Calycinae, Benth. Copiously-branched diffuse annuals or low
shrubs with slender branches. Leaves simple, more or less hairy, stipules
or
Racemes all terminal or a few also lateral. Pods
small not decurrent.
glabrous or pubescent, exserted or included.
*

Pod

decidedly exserted frojn the calyx.

;
DC. Prodr. ii. 128 annual, densely silky, stipules
very small, racemes terminal and lateral laxly 3-6-flowered,
bracts minute lanceolate, pod silky sessile twice the calyx. Wall. Cat. 5396
W.
fy A. Prodr. 189.

19.

C. pusilla, Heyne

0, leaves linear

Bombay to Courtallum.
Stems under half a foot high, with copious ascending branches clothed with adpressed brown silky hairs. Leaves subsessile, firm, obtuse, 5f in. long, densely silky.
Bacemes very copious, short-stalked, -1 in. long. Calyx campanulate, silky
in. deep
"Westeen Peninsula.

teeth deep, all linear.

Corolla yellow, scarce exserted,
4-8-seeded. The smallest of all the species.

Pod

in. long,

thinly silky,

20. C. hirta, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 130; annual, finely hairy, stipules 0,
leaves small linear obtuse, racemes capitate 2^4-flowered, bracts lanceolate foliaceous, pod glabrous sessile twice calyx. Mart, in Munch. Denks. 6 1. F. ; W. fy A.
Prodr. 182 ; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. ii. 567. O. chinensis, Roxb. Fl. Lnd.
iii. 268 ;
Wall. Cat. 5385, non Linn. C. pilosa, Roxb. in E. J. C. Mus. t. 370
Rottl. Nova Act. 1808.

Dekkan, near Hydrabad.

A diffuse annual with slender branches, thinly clothed with short spreading hairs.
Leaves short-stalked -1 in., moderately close, rounded at the base.
Flowers
crowded at the end of leafy branches pedicels very short. Calyx \ in., densely silky
teeth long, all linear, acuminate. Corolla scarce exserted. Pod oblong, 15-20-seeded.
Differs from chinensis by its small obtuse leaves and much shorter calyx.
;

21^ C. mysorensis, Roth; DC. Prodr. ii. 126 ; annual, densely silky, stipules linear persistent, leaves linear-oblong obtuse, racemes terminal and lateral
laxly 6-9-flowered, bracts lanceolate foliaceous, }fod subsessile glabrous twice the
calyx. Wall. Cat. 5361 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 182. 0. aipulacea, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii.
264.
C. hirsuta, Roxb. in E.
C. Mus., t. 1595.

Teopical eegion,

all

through India proper, ascending to 4000

ft.

in

Kumaon.

Crotalaria.~\

leguminosj:.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

71

Copiously branched, 1-2 ft. high,'the steins clothed with long dense erecto-patent
silky hairs.
Leaves membranous, short-stalked, 1-3 in. long, rounded at both
Racemes stalked, reaching 6-9 in. long. Calyx -| in. deep,
ends, thinly silky.
densely clothed with long silky hairs teeth all long, acuminate, upper lanceolate,
Pod oblong, l-lj in. long, 20-30Corolla yellow, not exserted.
lower linear.

brown

seeded.

22.
. triquetra, JDalzell in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 34 ; stiffruticose, branches
'triquetrous obscurely pubescent, stipules lanceolate minute, leaves lanceolateoblong obtuse, racemes lateral and terminal laxly 2-3-flowered, pod silky short-

stalked 3-4 times the calyx.

Western Peninsula

Dalz.

c/

Gibs.

Bomb. Flora,

Concan and Malwan,

Dalzell,

56.
Stocks,

Law

Ceylon,

Thwaites.

1-2

Suffruticose,

ft.

high with copious very slender ascending branches angled down

to the base. Leaves membranous, pale green, glabrescent, 1-2 in. long,, broadly rounded
at the base. Racemes long-stalked, very lax ; bracts minute, lanceolate. Calyx ^-^ in.
teeth long all linear, acuminate.
deep, thinly silky
Corolla pale yellow, ^ in.
Pod oblong- cylindrical, f in. long, thinly coated with
long standard ovate, pointed.
short yellow-brown silky hairs, 15-20-seeded.
;

23. C. albida, Heyne ; DC. Prodr. ii. 126

suffruticose, branches terete
minutely silky, stipules 0, leaves linear or oblanceolate obtuse, racemes mostly terminal laxly G-20-flowered, bracts linear very minute, pods glabrous sessile 1^ or
twice the calyx. W. <y A. Prodr. 189. 0. montana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 265 ; W.
0. scoparia, Wall. Cat. 5418.
0. parva, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
8f A. Prodr. 182.
5402. 0. punctata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5401 A. $ C. 0. tenuis, Wall. Cat.
5403.
;

Tropical region through India proper and Ceylon, ascending to 5500 ft. in Kumaon,
and to 6-7000 in the West Himalayas. Birma, Wallich. Pegu, McClelland.
Tenasserim, Heifer. Distrib. Malay Isles, China, and Philippines.
A shrub 1-2 ft. high,, with very numerous firm slender, obscurely silky branches.

Leaves short-stalked, firm, 1-2 in., thinly silky beneath, pellucido-punctate, glabrescent above. Racemes 2-4 in. long, rarely lateral.
Calyx turbinate, in., finally
| in. long, thinly silky teeth long, 3 lower linear acuminate, upper broader often
Corolla pale yellow, glabrous, scarcely exserted. Pod oblong-cylindrical,
subobtuse.
;

long, 6-12-seeded.
1. epunctata; leaves membranous pubescent not dotted, racemes very lax
3-6-flowered, calyx teeth all linear acuminate.
C. epunctata, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii.
210 Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 56. Southern Concan, Dalzell.

||

in.

Var.
;

**

Pod

included or very slightly exserted.

24. C nana, Burnt. Fl. Ind. 156, t. 48, fig. 2 leaves oblanceolate obtuse,
racemes capitate 6-12-flowered, calyx densely silky, upper teeth connate, pod
ovoid small glabrous sessile slightly exserted. DC. Prodr. ii. 127 ; W. <y A.
Prodr. 191 ; Dalz. c/ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 56. O. umbellata, Wight in Wall. Cat.
5383 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. 191 ; Dalz. cy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 56. 0. biflora, Herb.
Madr. in Wall. Cat. 5381, not of Linn. O. sobolifera, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5420 B.
;

Western Peninsula and Ceylon,

ascending to 6000 ft.

annual 1 ft. or less high, with copious slender terete ascending or spreading
branches clothed with short silky hairs. Leaves -1 in., moderately firm, thinly silky
Bracts and bracteoles minute,
above, densely so below, base subcuneate, stipules 0.
subulate upper flowers often quasi-umbellate. Calyx | in. long, densely clothed witli
long silky hairs teeth of lower lip narrow, acuminate. Corolla pale, not exserted. Pod

An

6-8-seeded, black when mature.

Var.. 1. patula leaves narrow linear, calyx
in Wall. Cat. 53 71. Birma, Wallich, Griffith*
;

more shortly

silky.

C. patula, Grah.

72

l.

leguminos^.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Crotalaria.

linifolia, Linn. fl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 128 leaves oblanceolate obtuse
2ft
rarely linear, raceir.ea elongated laxly 6-20-flowered, calyx shortly silky, upper
teeth connate, pod small ovoid-oblong sessile glabrous as long as calyx.
Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 266 ; Don Prodr. 241 ; Wall. Cat. 5400 in part ; W. # A. Prodr.
190 (excl. wri.) ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 56. 0. crespitosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 269.
0. montana, Ileyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 335 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 126, not of
Roxb. 0. spbolifera, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5420 A.
0. stenophylla, Vogel in
Nova Acta Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. 7. 0. saxatilis, Zolling. in Flora, 1847, 694.
;

C. melanocarpa, Wall. Cat. 5382.

Tropical region: Sikkim, alt. 1-4000 ft. "Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Birma,
Pegu. Distrib. Malay Isles, China, Philippines, N. Australia.
Annual, | 2 ft. high, with copious slender firm terete branches clothed with short
adpressed silky hairs. Leaves shcrt-stalked, moderately firm, shortly silky, base subcuneate stipules 0. Racemes usually terminal only, reaching -1 ft. long bracts and
bracteoles subulate, very minute.
Calyx - in. long, deeply bilabiate, densely
shortly brown-silky teeth of upper lip very short, of lower deep linear.
Corolla pale
yellow, glabrous, scarcely exserted. Pod 8-10-seeded, black when mature.

26. C. tecta, Roth; DC. Prodr. ii. 126 ; suffhiticose, thinly shortly silky,
leaves obtuse obovate-oblong, racemes lax terminal only, calyx middle-sized, upper teeth subeonnate, pod oblong as long as calyx. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
ii. 569.
0. viminea, Wall. Cat. 5397 ; W.
A. Prodr. 189. 0. linifolia var.

Wall. Cat. 5400 B.

0. punctata var. Wall. Cat. 5401 B.

Western Peninsula,

in the Concan, Nilgrtries, Pulney JVTts.

low undershrub with numerous stiff terete erecto-patent branches, clothed with

short grey silky hairs.

Leaves firm, ^1^- in., cuneate in lower half, retuse or
emarginate at apex, glabrescent above, thinly silky below; stipules 0. Racemes 6-12flowered,^^ ft. long, usually distinctly stalked bracts and bracteoles linear, very miCalyx | in. long, shortly velvety, lower teeth linear. Corolla pale yellow,
nute.
glabrous, equalling the calyx. Pod sessile, glabrous, 9-12-seeded.
;

27.
occulta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5360 sufiruticose, shortly silky, leaves
oblanceolate-oblong usually acute, flowers in lax terminal racemes and often
solitary from leafy nodes, calyx middle-sized shortly silky, teeth all long, upper
broad rather obtuse, pod oblong included. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 565.
C. rhizophylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5431.

Khasia Mts. and Silhet,

alt.

3-5000

ft.

Stems 2-3 ft. high, annual ?, simple or with few or many virgate ascending branches
clothed with short adpressed silky hairs. Leaves firm, 2-3 in., subcuneate at base,
stipules setaceous very
glabrous above, glaucous and obscurely silky beneath
Calyx
minute. Terminal racemes G-20 -flowered, ^-^ ft. long bracts linear, minute.
^| in. deep, densely clothed with short brown silky hairs upper teeth oblong-spathCorolla glabrous, deejp violet-blue, as long as the calyx. Pod
ul ate, .3^- in. broad.
;

glabrous, sessile, 10-15-seeded.

.28. C. calycina, Schrank ; DC. jfaodr. ii. 129 ; annual, shortly silky, leaves
linear or lanceolate acute or rather obtuse, flowers few in lax racemes and solitary
from leafy nodes, calyx large densely clothed with long silky hairs, teeth all
long, upper broad rather obtuse, pod linear-oblong included. 0. stricta, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii, 265 not of Roth. 0. Roxburghiana, DC. Prodr. ii. 129. 0. anthylloides,

Don

Prodr. 241

Gibs.

Bomb. Fl.

Wall. Cat. 5366 A. ex parte; W. fy A. Prodr. 181 ; Dalz. 8f

;
C. linearis, Herb. Madr. in Wall. Cat. 5370.
54, not of Lam.
0. salicifolia var..? Wall. Cat. 5359 B.
C. crinita, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5408.

Tropical region, from the Himalayas to Ceylon, ascending to 5,500

maon. Distrib. Tropical Africa, Malay Isles, China, N. Australia.

ft.

in

Ku-

L.

Crotalaria.']

leguminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

73

Stems 1-2 ft. high, simple or with a few slender ascending branches clothed with
short adpressed silky hairs. Leaves moderately firm, usually 2-4 in., but in the linear
form 5-6 VD,, usually acute, glabrous above, obscurely silky beneath stipules subuTerminal racemes 2-12-flowered, rarely reaching ft.
late, very minute, deciduous.
Calyx f-1 in. long, persistently
long; bracts and bracteoles large, lanceolate.
densely clothed with long brown silky hairs lower teeth lanceolate-acuminate, upper
oblanceolate, f-^ in. broad. Corolla glabrous, pale yellow, shorter than the calyx. Pod
sessile, glabrous, -f in. long, 20-30-seeded.
;

20. C. sessiliflora, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 129 ; annual, shortly silky, leaves
linear acute rarely lanceolate, flowers in elongated racemes rarely solitary from
leafy nodes, calyx middle-sized densely clothed with long silky hairs, teeth all

long, upper lanceolate acute, pod oblong as long as the calyx. Benth. in Hook.
0. anthylloides, Lam. ; Wall. Cat. 5366 A. in part, B. 0.
Loncl. Journ. ii. 565.
0. nepalensis, Link Enum. ii. 228.
C. brevipes,
0. venusta, Wall. Cat. 5365.
Champ, in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 44. 0. eriantha, Sieb. 8f Zucc. Fl. Jap. 13. C. Oldhami, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. iii. 42.

Upper Punjab and along the base of the Himalayas to Assam, ascending to
in

Kumaon

Bibma,

Wallich

Pegu, McLelland.

Distbib.

China,

5,500 ft.
Philippines,

Japan.
Stems 1-2 ft. high, simple or furnished with few or many ascending branches.
Leaves moderately firm, narrowed to both ends, 2-6 in., glabrous above, thinly
Floiuers deflexed, 2-20 to a raceme,
silky below stipules setaceous, very minute.
close; racemes reaching 6-9 in. long; bracts and bracteoles long, setaceous, persistent.
Calyx f-^- in. long, brown silky hairs long and dense, but not as much so as in calyCorolla blue-white, glabrous, not exserted.
cina teeth all acute, upper ^ in. broad.
Pod glabrous, sessile, 10-15-seeded.
;

30. C. chinensis, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 130

annual, laxly silky, leaves
linear or oblanceolate obtuse or subacute, flowers 3-6 densely capitate all termi;

nal, calyx middle-sized, teeth long

calyx.

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

upper lanceolate, pod oblong as long as

ii. 5QG (not of Roxb.)

Upper Gangetic Plain, Concan, Malabar, Pegu, and Tenasserim. Distrib.

Sumatra, Philippines, China.
Stems 1-2 ft. high, usually with several stout ascending branches densely clothed
with long brown silky hairs. Leaves moderately firm, sparsely silky, 1-2 in., pale
Calyx f-^- in., densely laxly silky lower
below, base rather rounded stipules 0.
;

Pod

bracts and bracteoles linear, persistent.

sessile, glabrous, 15-20-seeded.

teeth linear

Corolla glabrous, not exserted.

31. C. speciosa, Heyne ; DC. Prodr. ii. 129 ; shrubby, densely silky, leaves
linear-oblong obtuse, flowers 6-12 densely capitate all terminal, calyx middlesized, teeth all long narrow acuminate, pod oblong included. Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Journ. ii. 564. 0. cephalotes, Herb. Madr. in Wall. Cat. 5373.

Mysore, Heyne.
Stems quite woody, with rigid erecto-patent branches, densely clothed with short
bright brown silky hairs.
Leaves firm, 1-1 in., densely silky on both sides,
rounded at both ends stipules subulate * very minute. Heads copious, round, terminal,
usually with a leaf just beneath bracts lanceolate, as long as calyx, persistent velvety.
Calyx \ in. long, densely persistently velvety. Corolla as long as calyx, densely silky
on the outside. Pod sessile, glabrous, 10-12-seeded, much shorter than the calyx.
;

32. C. dubia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5404; annual, shortly silky, leaves
obovate cuneate subacute, flowers 12-30 in dense terminal heads, calyx small
densely silky, teeth all long acuminate, pod oblong as long as calyx. Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 568.

74

I.

leguminos2e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Grotalaria.

"Western Peninsula, Stocks, Beddome. Chittagong, Hook. fil. Thomson. Tenasserim, Griffith.
Stems 1-2 ft. high, simple or with many subpatent or arcuate-ascending branches.
Leaves membranous, 2-3 inches, cuneate in lower third, thinly silky above, pale
and densely silky beneath ; stipules minute, setaceous. Heads round or oblong, mostly
with a leaf just beneath bracts and bracteoles large, persistent, ovate-acuminate. Calyx
% in. deep pubescence long, pale brown, silky, very dense teeth linear or lanceolate.
Corolla glabrous, as long as calyx. Pod sessile, glabrous, 6-8-seecled.
;

33. C. capitata, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, finely silky, leaves oblanceolate

subacute, flowers 6-20 in dense terminal heads, calyx middle-sized, teeth all
long, upper broad subacute, pod oblong included.

Khasia Mts., 5-7000 ft, Hook. fil. and Thomson, Lobb, Simons.
Branches caespitose from a perennial rootstock, 1-1 ft. long, slender, suberect,
mostly simple, clothed with short silky pubescence.
Leaves firm, cuneate in the
lower half, 1-li in., green, glabrous above, densely shortly silky below stipules
Heads round or oblong, 1-2 in. long bracts and bracteoles small, linear, persistent.
0.
Calyx ^ in. deep the vestiture and shape of teeth as in C. sessiliflora. Corolla deep
Pod sessile, glabrous, not seen mature.
violet-blue, glabrous, as long as the calyx.
;

34. C. priestleyoides, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, laxly silky, leaves oblanceolate-oblong subacute, flowers few in dense terminal heads, calyx middlesized shaggy, teeth all long, upper lanceolate acute, pod oblong included.

Concan, Law, Stocks Anamaixays, Beddome.

low undershrub with long ascending branches, densely clothed with moderately
long brown silky hairs. Leaves firm, subsessile, ^-1 in., glabrescent above, thinly
shaggy beneath, base rather rounded stipules 0. Heads 4-8-flowered bracts lanceoCalyx - | in. long, as densely shaggy as in
late, acuminate, persistent as the calyx.
Corolla glabrous, as long as the
C. calycina upper teeth -% in. broad, lower linear.
;

calyx.

Pod

sessile,

glabrous, 10-15-seeded.

Sect. V. CS-laucse, Benth. Erect herbs or shrubs, glabrous throughout.

Stipules
Racemes terminal.
or very minute deciduous.
35.

C lutescens, Dalz. in

Hook.

linear very minute, calyx-teeth linear.

Kew

Journ. ii. 34 ; herbaceous, bracts

C. peduncularis, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.

Flor. 55, not of Grah.

Concan, plains, Law, Balzell.

Stems erect, slender 1-3 ft. high. Leaves membranous, pale, nearly sessile, varying
from oblong obtuse to linear acute, reaching 4-6 in. Baceme laxly 6- 15 -flowered;
pedicels cernuous finally |-| in. long.
Calyx in.
Corolla
tube very short.
;

yellow, twice the calyx

standard ovate, conspicuously veined.
gynophore finally equalling calyx.
;

36.

in.

long

C. neriifolia, Wall.

calyx-teeth lanceolate.

Ava

Pod 1-1^

Cat. 6362; shrubby, bracts linear very minute,

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 560.

mount Taong Dong, Wallich.

shrub with slender terete branches. Leaves membranous, pale, nearly sessile,
lanceolate, rather rounded at the base, subobtuse, 3-4 in. Baeemes laxly 12-20pedicels slender, as long as calyx.
flowered, reaching half a foot long
Calyx | in.
Corolla nearly twice the calyx standard orbicular, obtuse.
long tube campanulate.
Ovary linear, silky. Pod unknown.
;

37. C. peduncularis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5369; bracts large ovate

acuminate persistent, calyx-teeth lanceolate.
W. fy A. Prodr. 186 Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 480. C. elegans, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iii. 178 Ic. PI.
;

Ind. Or.

t.

106.


Crotalaria.]

l.

leguminos.e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

75

Nilghiris, at about 4000 ft. elevation, Wight, Beddome.

General habit of C. peduncularis. Zmw.smarrow-linear, short-stalked, reaching 5-6
Raceme laxly 12-20 -flowered, finally a foot long; lower pedicels |-1 in. long
in.
Calyx in. teeth one-third the tube.
bracts reflexed, shorter than the pedicels.
Corolla smaller than in the last standard the same shape and colour. Pod l\-2 in.
long gynophore finally exceeding the calyx.
;

Sect. VI. Erectee, JBenth. Erect herbs or shrubs, the foliage more or less
Racemes rarely other
silky or pubescent.
Stipules 0, or small, not decurrent.
thau terminal. Pods glabrous, several times longer than the calyx.

reltusa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125 branches and calyx subglabrous,
88.
stipules subulate very minute, leaves obtuse glabrous above puberulent below,
bracts subulate, corolla much exserted. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 272 ;' Rot. Mag. t.
2561 ; Rot. Reg. t. 253 ; Wall. Cat. 5405 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 187 ; Dak. $ Gibs.

Bomb. Fl.
Mai.

55.

Lupinus

cochlrtchinensis, Lour.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

410

Rheede.

ix. t. 25.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca, but often cultivated.

Tropical region
Distrib. China, Malaya, N. Australia, Trop. Africa and America, in both the last
doubtfully wild.
robust undershrub 3-4 ft. high, with stout striated branches. Leaves short
stalked, oblanceolate-oblong, moderately firm, cuneate at the base, 1^3 in.
Racemes
laxly 12-20-flowered; pedicels shorter than calyx.
Calyx -i in. teeth lanceolate,
Corolla nearly twice calyx, yellow tinged with purple.
twice campanulate tube.
Pod linear-oblong, l-l in. long, distinctly stalked, 15-20-seeded.
;

39.

C. *>ericea,

Retz.;

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

126 branches and calyx subglabrous,

;

stipules leafy persistent, leaves subacute or obtuse glabrous above finely silky
"beneath, brads ovate foliaceous, corolla much exserted.
W. Sr A. Prodr.
186; Wall. Cat. 5406 Roxb. Fl. Lid. iii. 273, not of Burm. ; Dalz. $ Gibs.
;

Bomb. Fl. 55. O.

Weinm. Syll. ii. 26.

special ilis, Roth. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125.

O. cuneifolia, Schrank Syll. ii. 78.

O. macrophylla,

through India proper, ascending to 3000 ft. in Kumaon.

Malacca, Griffith. Pegu, McClelland.
Habit and branches of C. retusa. Leaves oblaneeolate-oblong, moderately firm in
texture, 3-6 in., cuneate at the base.
Racemes laxer, 20-40-flowered, often a
foot long bracts persistent, reflexed
pedicels exceeding calyx.
Calyx ^ in. teeth
lanceolate, twice campanulate tube.
Corolla half as long again as calyx, generally
purplish. Pod 1-2 in. long, distinctly stalked, |-| in. broad.
Tropical region

40. C. assamica, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 481

branches and
calyx silky, stipules minute subulate, leaves acute glabrous above finely silky
below, bracts linear-lanceolate minute, corolla much exserted. C. Burmanni,
DC. Prodr. ii. 126 ? 0. sericea, Burm. Fl. Lnd. t. 48, fig. 1 ?
;

Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Book. fil. $ Thomson, Lobb Assam, Mrs. Mack.
Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 1886.
General habit just that of the two preceding, to which it is allied closely. Leaves
oblanceolate-oblong, short-stalked, moderately firm, 2-4 in. long, cuneate at the base.
Racemes laxly 2 0-30 -flowered reaching a foot long lower pedicels equalling calyx.
Calyx \| in. teeth lanceolate, twice campanulate tube.
Corolla f in. deep, golden;

yellow.

Pod 1^-2

in. long, distinctly stalked.

41. C. XLurzii, Bake)' ; branches and calyx silky, stipules minute subulate,
leaves acute glabrous above finely silky below, bracts Unear-lanceolate minute,
corolla not exserted.
Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vol. xlii. pt. 2, p. 229.

Pegu, Kurz, No. 1664.

Closely allied to C. assamica, from which

it differs

mainly in calyx and

corolla, the

76

l.

leguminos-e.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Crotalovria.

former being the same

size, but cleft more deeply, with narrower teeth and the latter
smaller.
Leaves rather more coriaceous, 3-4 in., narrowed from the middle
to both ends, theadpressed brown pubescence of the underside coarser and less silky.
Pod oblong, glabrous, distinctly stalked.

much

42. C. Xieschenaultii, DC. Frodr. ii. 125; branches and calyx subglabrous, stipules minute lanceolate, leaves obtuse glabrous above densely greysijjiy below, bracts ovate persistent, corolla much exserted.
W. c/ A. Prodr. 186
Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 481 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 44 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 54. C. lupiniflora, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5407.

Nilghiris and highest Ghauts of Concan.

General habit of the three preceding, to which it is closely allied. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, subcoriaceous, 3-4 in., cuneate at the base, clothed beneath with
thick white silky pubescence. Racemes rather densely 20-30-flowered, reaching ft.
long bracts like those of C. sericea but smaller lower pedicels as long as the calyx.
Calyx \ in. teeth lanceolate, twice campanulate tube. Corolla yellow, f in. deep.
Pod distinctly stalked, linear-oblong, 1 in. long. A specimen from Earn Ghaut,
Ritchie, perhaps distinct, has subulate bracts and leaves finely silky beneath.
;

C. formosa, Grah.

in Wall. Cat. 5393 branches and calyx densely

lanceolate minute, leaves obtuse glabrous above densely silky
beneath, bracts linear silky persistent, corolla not exserted.
W. fy A. Frodr.
186
Wt. 1c. t. 981 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 481.
43.

silky,

stipules

NlLGHIRIS.

Dwarfer and more branched than the four preceding, with woody stems densely
clothed with grey or yellow-brown silky hairs. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 2-3 in.
moderately firm, short-stalked, cuneate at the base. Racemes very dense, 1-2 in.,
long pedicels -^-| in., densely silky.
Calyx shaggy, ^ in. ; teeth deep, lanceolatedeltoid.
Pod oblong, 1^-1 \ in. long, distinctly stalked.
;

44 C barbate, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5394; shrubby, stipules 0, leaves

oblauceolate-obiong subacute thinly silky above densely silky beneath, racemes
simple 6-12-flowered, bracts minute lanceolate, pedicels as long as calyx, pod
stalked.
W. A. Prodr. 181 ; Wt. Ic. t. 980 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
ii. 483.
Nixghiris Travancor, ascending to 6000 feet, Beddome.
Sparingly branched. Branches woody, clothed with ascending dark brown silky
hairs. Leaves like those of C. sericea in shape and size, moderately firm, short-stalked,
cuneate at the base. Racemes finally half a foot long pedicels -f in., densely
silky, not bracteolate at the middle.
Calyx f in., deeply bilabiate, densely shaggy
with dark brown silky hairs teeth of lower lip linear, equalling limb. Corolla scarce
exserted.
Pod l in. long by half as broad, ] 5-20-seeded.
;

shrubby, stipules 0, leaves

45. C. long-ipes, W. fy A. Prodr. i. 183
obovate-oblong rather obtuse both sides minutely silky, racemes copiously
Benth.
panicled, bracts foliaceous ovate, pedicels as long as calyx, pod stalked.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 483.
;

Nilghiris.

A stiff undershrub with a straight woody stem, copiously paniculately branched.

Branches densely clothed with short ferruginous silky hairs. Leaves coriaceous, shortstalked, more or less rounded at base, vestiture thin and shining, lower 3-4 in.
Flowers 3-4, close together near the top of numerous rigid branches bracts copious,
reflexed, foliaceous.
Calyx in., densely clothed with brown silky hairs, deeply
Corolla f-| in. standard silky on
bilabiate lower teeth reaching half way down.
the back. Pod linear-oblong, \-\\ in. long, 10-12-seeded, narrowed into a long
gynophore. Except for the glabrous pod, its affinity is with C. madurensis.
;


l.

Crotalaria.']

leguminosj;.

(J. G.

Baker.)

77

46. C. peruana, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, stipules 0, leaves oblonglanceolate both sides obscurely silky, racemes prolonged into the axils of
numerous leaves, bracts subulate very minute, pod sessile.

Pegu

near Rangoon, McClelland.

Branches slender, terete, finely puberulent or glabrescent. Leaves nearly sessile,
3-4 in., narrowed to both ends, firm and thinly silky on both sides in exposure,
lower pedicels as long as
but membranous and glabrous above in a shade form
the calyx. Flowers beside the lax terminal racemes springing solitary or in pairs
Calyx f in.
teeth long, linear-lanceolate.
from many of the leaf-bearing nodes.
Corolla scarcely exserted. Pod cylindrical, in. long, 10-12-seeded.
;

47. C. salicifolia, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5359 A. ; herbaceous, stipules 0,

leaves oblong or lanceolate acute both sides shortly silky, racemes long-stalked
simple few-flowered, bracts minute lanceolate, pedicels as long as calyx, pod
stalked.
W. 8f A. Prodr. 182 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 482.

Western Peninsula, Heyne.

sparingly branched, densely clothed with short ascending ferruginous
Leaves ceasing a space below the inflorescence, lower oblong or
oblanceolate-oblong, upper linear-lanceolate reaching 3-4 in., both sides clothed
Flowers near the end of long branches.
with hairs like those of the stem.
Calyx \ in. deep, densely coated with bright brown velvety hairs ; teeth linear, all
Corolla bright yellow, not exserted. Pod lg-2 in. long, half as broad.
very long.

Stem

silky

stiff,

hairs.

48. C. lanata, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iii. 178 Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 105
shrubby, stipules foliaceous \ -lunate, leaves large oblong, racemes not panicled,
;

bracts minute lanceolate, pedicels short, pod stalked.

Peninsula.; Anamallay and Pulney Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome.

shrub 12-15 feet high, with the habit, stipules and inflorescence of C. semperBranches stout, densely clothed with short brown pubescence. Leaves disJlorens.
tinctly stalked, membranous, very large, green and glabrous above, thinly matted
Calyx | in. long, densely silky teeth linear-lanceolate, twice the tube.
beneath.
Pod 'glabrous (Beddome) oblong, 1| 1| in. long.
Corolla yellow, much exserted.

Western

'

Sect. VII. "Eriocarpae, Benth. Erect shrubs, the foliage more or less silky
Leaves simple, stipules not decurrent. Racemes terminal only or
or pubescent.
both terminal and lateral, in one group copiously panicled. Pods silky or
velvety, many or few-seeded exserted or included.

*Flower8 racemed.
49. C. verrucosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125 ; branches acutely angled,
stipules foliaceous ^-lunate, leaves ovate the base deltoid usually obtuse, racemes
lateral and terminal not panicled, pod stalked obscurelv downy 4-6 times the

Wt. Ic. t. 200 Dalz. $

calyx. Bot. Mag. t. 3034 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 187
0. angulosa, Lamk. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 273. 0. ccerulea,
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 55.
Rheede Hort. Mai.
Jacq. Ic. 1. 144. 0. acuminata, G. Don. Gard. Diet. ii. 134.
ix. t. 29.
;

Tropical region Himalayas to Ceylon (reaching 2000 ft. in Sikkim) Birma,

Wallich; Peou, McClelland; Malacca, Griffith. Distrib. China, Malaya, Trop.
Africa, Mauritius, Trop. America.
Copiously branched, scarcely shrubby, 2-3 feet high. Branches at first puberulent,
soon glabrescent. Leaves thin, obscurely downy beneath, reaching 4-6 in., casually
Racemes moderately close, 12-20 -flowered, ^ foot or more long; bracts linear,
acute.
Calyx in., obscurely
very minute; pedicels equalling or shorter than calyx.
;


78

l.

leguminosj!.

(J.G.Baker.)

downy; teeth lanceolate, twice tube. Corolla twice

Pod finely pubescent, 1-1^- in. long, 10-12-seeded.

C. semperflorens,

[[Grotalaria.

calyx, yellow, white

DC.

and

blue.

Prodr. ii. 125

branches terete,
rounded at base acute or obtuse,
pod stalked obscurely downy 4-5
times the calyx.
Wall. Cat. 5391. 0. WaUichiana, W. $ A. Prodr. 187;
Wt. Ic. t. 082. 0. Arnottiana, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 560.
60.

Vent.

stipules foliaceous ^-lunate, leaves oblong

racemes lateral and terminal not panicled,

Tropical region; Nilghiris.

Distrib. Java.

Branches sulcate and puberulent when young,

Leaves 2-4 in., moderately firm, green and glabrous
above, pale and shortly downy below, distinctly petiolate. Inflorescence like that of
Calyx - in.,
C. verrucosa ; bracts minute, subulate pedicels | in., finely downy.
more or less densely puberulent teeth linear, twice the campanulate tube. Corolla
-1 in., bright yellow. Pod 1^2 in. long, finely downy, 10-12-seeded.
Var. 1. Walkeri stipules mostly subulate minute, leaves firmer smaller more
acute nearly or quite glabrescent beneath.
C. Walkeri, Arnott in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur.
xviii. 308.
Ceylon, 4-7000
C. semperflorens, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 560.
feet.
Looks generally quite distinct, but Gardner's No. 560 connects it with the type.

More shrubby than

C. verrucosa.

soon glabrescent and terete.

branches terete, stipules

51. C. Keyneana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5414
small ^-lunate, leaves oblong acute narrowed at base, racemes lateral and
terminal not panicled, pod subsessile obscurely downy 3-4 times the calyx.
W. fy A. Prodr. 187 Bent/f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 560 ; Bot. Mag. t.
5974.
;

AVestern Peninsula Mysore, Travancor, and Canara.

General habit of C. semperflorens, of which it is most likely a mere variety. Branches
Leaves membranous, distinctly petioled, 3-4 in.,
woody, slender, soon glabrescent.
narrowed at both ends, hardly at all puberulent stipules smaller. Inflorescence and
Calyx in. teeth
bracts identical pedicels 4_-^ in., slender, faintly puberulent.
Corolla slightly exserted. Pod 1^ 1 in. long, clothed with
lanceolate, very deep.
deciduous fine pubescence, 10-12-seeded.
;

52. C. leptostachya, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 562

branches
or minute subulate, leaves lanceolate acuminate, racemes
angular, stipules
lateral and terminal not panicled, pod oblong sessile densely velvety 2-3 times
;

the calyx.
"Western Peninsula

Concan, Jacquemont, Stocks, Law.

shrub with the habit and slender sulcate thinly silky branches of
Leaves 4-6 in., membranous, green, thinly clothed on both
C. juncea and tetragona.
sides with shining brown silky hairs, rather rounded at the base. Bacemes laxly 12-20bracts lanceolate verm minute.
Calyx \ in., densely
fiowered, reaching ft. long
Corolla yellow, not exlerted. Pod 5-6-seeded, -f in.
silky teeth linear, very deep.
;

A stiff erect

long.

53.
t 3trag oa 5 Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 263 ; branches angular, stipules
or minute subulate, leaves large linear or lanceolate acuminate, racemes lateral
and terminal not panicled, pod linear-oblong short-:? bilked rarely 2-3 times the
calyx. Andr. Bot. liep. t. 51)3 DC. Prodr. ii. 128 ; Wall. Cat. 5367, A-O. ;
W. A, Prodr. 185. O. grandiflora, Zolling. in Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 333.
,

Kumaon

ft.), and along the Himalayas to Sikkim and Assam.

Pegu,
Java.
stiff shrub, reaching 6 ft. high, with sulcate thinly silky slender erecto-patent
branches. Leaves short-stalked, distant, membranous, both sides thinly silky or
Bacemes laxly 6-10-flowered, half a foot or more long;
glabrescent, reaching -1 ft.

McClelland.

(up to 3500

Distrib.

Crotalaria.]

leguminos^e.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

79

Calyx f-1 in. long, densely brown-velvety teeth very long,

bracts minute, linear.
linear or lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla lemon-yellow, glabrous, little exserted.
Pod
l-2 in. long, densely persistently dark-brown and velvety, 12-20-seeded.
;

DC. Prodr. ii. 125 branches terete multisulcate,

;
or minute subulate, leaves linear or oblong rather obtuse, race
lateral and terminal not panicled, pod oblong sessile velvety twice the ci?
Bot. Mag. t. 490 Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 193 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 259 ; Wall. Cat. 5409
W. $ A. Prodr. 185 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 54. C. fenestrata, Bot. Mag.
0. benghalensis, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 125 : Wall. Cat. 5395.
t. 1933.
0.
tenuifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 263; DC. Prodr. ii. 126; Wall. Cat. 5368.
0. viminea, Wall. Cat. 5397 B. 0. sericea,
C. porrecta, Wall. Cat. 5363.
Willd. not of Retz.Rheede Hart. Mai. ix. t. 26.
54.

C. jiimeea, Linn.

stipules

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon, but often planted for its fibre. Burma,
Wallich Pegu, McClelland. Distrib. Malay isles, Australia.
stiff shrub several feet high, with slender virgate rigid thinly silky branches.
Leaves rather distant, firm, linear or oblong, usually 1^-3 in., shining on both
Bacemes loosely 12-20-flowered, reaching a
sides with thin short brown silky hairs.
Calyx ^~ % in. long, densely clothed with ferrufoot long bracts minute, linear.
teeth linear-lanceolate, very deep.
Corolla bright yellow,
ginous velvety hairs
glabrous, slightly exserted. Pod 1-1^ in. long, clothed with short-spreading persistent
Yields Sun fibre.
silky hairs, 10-15-seeded.

branches terete, stipules

55. C. obtecta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5372
or minute deciduous, leaves oblong obtuse, racemes terminal and lateral not
W. 8f A. Prodr. 185
panicled, pod stalked densely velvety twice the calyx.
0. tetragona, Wall. Cat. 5367 D.
Ic. t. 208 and 383.
;

Western Peninsula

Nilghiris

and Cochin.

with curved woody branches densely clothed with short brown silky
hairs.
Leaves short-stalked, coriaceous, 2-4-in., both sides more or less silky.
Calyx f-1 in.,
Bacemes rather close, 12 20-flowered bracts minute, lanceolate.
Corolla slightly exserted standard
densely velvety, deeply bilabiate teeth linear.
Pod 1^-2 in. long, 10-12-seeded, densely coated with dark brown
silky on the back.
tall shrub,

velvety pubescence.
Vab. 1. glabrescens branches and leaves glabrescent. C. glabrescens,
Carnatic, near Courtallum, Wight.
in Hook. Lond. Joum. ii. 563.
;

Benth.

** Flowers panicled.
56. C. madurensis, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5376; leaves ovate-oblong
closely silky, stipules 0, racemes panicled, bracts round cuspidate subdeciduous,
calyx-teeth narrow, corolla exserted, pod many-seeded much exserted.
W. 8f A.

Prodr. 184
Prodr. 184.

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Joum.

ii.

563.

0. candicans,

W.

8f

A.

Nilghiris and Madura

hills, in the Carnatic.

undershrub, copiously paniculately branched. Branches clothed with
short dense brown silky hairs *t?taves short-petioled, obtuse, subcoriaceous, broadly
rounded at base, 2-4 in., clothed on both sides with fine very short shining silky
Calyx
Bracts fewer and more deciduous than in other panicled Eriocarpse.
hairs.
in. deep, densely silky, deeply bilabiate teeth narrow, acuminate, two upper
Corolla f in.
lanceolate.
standard rather pointed, densely silky on the back. Pod
short-stalked, nearly glabrescent, 10-12-seeded, 1 in. long.

stiff erect

57.

C. subperfoliata, Wight

in Wall. Cat.

closely silky, stipules 0, racemes panicled, bracts

5377 leaves oblong acute

round spreading persistent,
;

80

LEGUMiNOsa:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Crotalaria.

calyx-teeth narrow, corolla twice calyx, pod many-seeded

W. A. Prodr. 184 ; JSenth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 563.

much

exserted.

Carnatic Dindygul hills alt. 2000 ft., Wight.

General habit and inflorescence just as in C. madurensis, to which it is closely
Leaves thinner, narrowed to a point, less rounded at the base, 2-4 in. long.
allied.
Winches densely clothed with short spreading silky hairs bracts sometimes opposite,
^ in. long, densely silky on the back. Calyx \- in. deep, finely silky teeth lanceoCorolla f-f in. standard rather pointed, silky
late, acuminate, with reflexed borders.
on the back. Pod oblong, stalked, twice the calyx, with 12 or more seeds.
;

Hilva, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 266 ; leaves oblanceolate closely silky,
or minute subulate, racemes panicled, bracts ovate cuspidate, calyxteeth broad foliaceous, corolla slightly exserted, pod oblong 2-seeded included.
C?

stipules

Wall. Cat. 5375; W. $ A. Pi-odr. 183; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 54.
pulchra, DC. Prodr. ii. 126, not of Andrews.
O. grandis, Hort. Calcutt.
'

0.

Maisob, the Concan, Nilghiris, and Ceylon. Distrib. Java, Sumatra, and
naturalised in the Seychelles and Mauritius.
stiff erect shrub 3-5 feet, copiously paniculately branched.
Branches densely
clothed with short brown silky hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, subcoriaceous, 3-4 in.
long, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the base, shining on both sides, with a silky lustre
from minute hairs. Branches elongated with several bracts flowerless. Calyx ^-| in.
deep, densely silky, with a pair of conspicuous bracteoles upper teeth oblong, lower
Corolla f-1 in.
standard rather pointed, densely silky on the back.
lanceolate.
Pod thinly silky, sessile, about as long as the calyx.

C. pulcherrima, Roxb.

59.

Fl. Ind.

iii.

267

leaves oblanceolate-oblong

racemes panicled, bracts copious ovate-acuminate

reflexed, upper calyx-teeth broad foliaceous, corolla scarcely exserted, pod
Wall. Cat. 5374 DC. Prodr.
oblong included 5-6-seeded. Bot. Mag. t. 2027
closely

silky,

stipules

0,

ii.

t.

125
601,

W. $ A.
not of DC.

Prodr. 184

Wt.

Ic.

t.

O. pulchra, Andr. Bot. Rep.,

481.

NlLGHIRIS.

shrub 3-4 ft. high, copiously paniculately branched. Leaves nearly

subcoriaceous, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, shining on
both sides with dense short close brown silky hairs. Flowers few, near the top of the
branches bracts numerous, large, reflexed, persistent pedicels short, densely silky.
Calyx |-f in. long upper segments oblong, lower lanceolate ; standard silky on the
back. Pod oblong, bright brown, sessile, as long as the calyx.
stiff erect

sessile,

60. C. lunulata, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5378 ; leaves oblanceolate acute

loosely silky, stipules small obtuse, racemes panicled, bracts copious persistent
like the stipules, calyx-teeth narrow, corolla twice the calyx, pod oblong
W. ty A. Prodr. 183 Wight Ic'. t. 480 ; Benth. in
1-seeded scarcely exserted.
Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 564.
;

Tanjore, in the Carnatic Ceylon.

stiff erect undershrub, copiously paniculately branched, clothed with dense
spreading brown silky hairs. Leaves short-petioled, moderately firm, densely silky,
Branches elongated, with numerous amcuneate at the base, usually 1-2 in.
Calyx densely silky, f- in. long
plexicaul reflexed small bracts below the flowers.
Corolla f-J in. standard rather
teeth long, all linear, the edges slightly recurved.
Pod sessile, finely silky, as long as the calyx.
pointed, thinly silky on the back.
;

61. C. ramosissima, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 268 ; leaves small oblanceolate
densely silky, stipules 0, racemes panicled, bracts lanceolate persistent, calyxW. 8f A.
teeth narrow, corolla little exserted, pod 1-seeded scarcely exserted.

l.

Grotalaria.']

leguminos-E.

(J.

G. Baker.)

81

Prodr. 183. 0. tomentosa, Rottl. in Wall. Cat. 5380. 0. pellita, Bert.

Prodr. ii. 128 ? 0. Canipbellii, Am. in Wight. Cat. 2316.

DC.

Western Peninsula, Bottler, Heyne interior of Bengal, Roxburgh.

Shrubby, erect, much branched. Stems a foot or less high, densely coated,
;

like the
Leaves crowded, subsessile, subobtuse, thick,
cuneate at the base, |-1 in. long. Branches densely pubescent, generally short. Bracts
not abundant, small, falcate, silky on the back, black and viscous on the face.
Calyx
in. long; teeth long, linear, with reflexed edges. Corolla f in. standard pointed,
silky on the back.
Pod sessile, as long as the calyx, oblong, densely silky.

brown

leaves, with thick silky

hairs.

paniculata,

DC. Prodr. ii. 12G; leaves small oblanceoracemes panicled, bracts copious persistent
falcate linear-subulate, calvx-teeth narrow, corolla exserted, pod 1-2-seeded
Ro.vb. Fl. Ind. iii. 274 ; Wall. Cat. 5379 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
scarcely exserted.
Ononis glutinosa, Mart,
183.
C. chinensis, LamJc. Diet. ii. 105, not of Linn.
in Denk. Acad. Mun. vi. 155.
Cv2.

J.

Willd.

late loosely silky, stipules linear,

Carnatic, near Vellore. Distrib. Java.

Shrubby, 2-3 feet high, with very numerous stiff ascending branches, clothed with
loose brown silky hairs. Leaves 1-1^ in. long, obtuse, loosely silky, cuneate at the base,
nearly sessile stipules just like the very copious bracts, conspicuous, falcate, with
Branches short, with a few flowers near the end. Calyx
reflexed glandular margins.
teeth long, silky on the back, lanceolate or linear with recurved viscous edges
-| in.
Corolla \ in. ; standard very silky on the back.
like the bracts and bracteoles.
;

Pod

oblong, sessile, finely silky.

Group

8.

Ti ifoliolafcSB jDispemise.

liquely subglobose, smaH, sessile, 2-seeded.

Cyrtolobus, R. Br.

Leaves 3-foliolate.
Pod obPerennial herbs or undershrubs.

C. medicag'iziea, Lamh. Diet.

ii. 201 ; herbaceous, branches slender

with adpressed sillry hairs, petiole shorter than the small
oblanceolate leaflets, racemes 2-6-fiowered, corolla twice the calyx.
W. A.
Prodr. 192 Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 577
TJnvaites Enum. 82
Boiss.
Fl. Orient, ii. 2G.
0. procumbens, Ro.vb. Hort. Beng. 98 Fl. Ind. iii. 278, et

63.

diffuse thinly clothed

Wall. Cat. 5437, in part. 0. foliosa, Willd. DC. Prodr. ii. 131. 0. divaricata,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5436. 0. virgata, Mart. DC. Prodr. ii. 131. Indigofera
capitata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5490.
;

Tropical region, from the "West Himalayas to Ceylon and Blrma, ascending to
Distrib. Malay isles, Afghanistan, China and Australia.
ft. in Kashmir.
1
diffuse perennial, with slender much-branched stems, ty-1 ft. long, thinly silky
upwards. Stipules setaceous, very minute, deciduous leaflets J * in. long, retuso
emarginate, glabrous above, obscurely silky below. Racemes copious, terminal and
leaf-opposed peduncles exceeding the leaves bracts minute, linear.
Calyx thinly
silky, campamilate, in. deep ; tCith linear, exceeding the tube. Corolla yellow. Pod

6000

in. long, glabrescent.

Var. 1. hcrniarioides
stems prostrate very slender, leaflets very small nearly
or quite as broad as long, peduncles short 1-3-flowered. C. herniarioides, W. & A.
Prodr. 192.
Var. 2. neglecta; branches more robust and more ascending than in the type,
racemes 6-9-flowered, leaflets rather larger. C. neglecta, W. $ A. Prodr. 192. C.
procumbens, Roxb. $ Wall, ex parte.
Var. 3. luxurians stems much stronger, 2-3 ft. high, petioles reaching i in.
long, terminal leaflet f-1 in., racemes 6-12-flowered.
C. luxurians, Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Journ. ii. 578. C. medicaginea, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. 5434.
;

64.

C.

YOL.

Willdenoviana, DC.

II.

Prodr.

ii.

134

herbaceous or suffruticose,

82

L.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Crotalaria.

"branches often stiff clothed with short fine down, petiole shorter than the small
W. fy A.
ohlanceolate leaflets, racemes 3-6-flowered, corolla thrice the calyx.
Prodr. 191 ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 579. 0. spartioides, Spreng. j Wall.
Cat. 5435.

0. genistoides, Willd. Sp.

PL

iii.

987, non

Lamk.

Western Peninsula.
Perennial, reaching 2-3 ft. high, with very numerous ascending elongated branches.
Stipules small, setaceous, persistent; leaflets f-4 in. long, firm, obtuse, emarginate,
Racemes copious, terminal and lateral bracts minute, linearsilky on both sides.
Calyx in. long finely downy; teeth linear, exceeding the
setaceous, persistent.
Pod
Corolla yellow ; keel with a narrower and longer beak than in the last.
tube.
pubescent, in. long.
;

Co.
trifoliastrum, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 983 herbaceous, branches elongated ascending finely downy, petioles exceeding the obovate-oblong leaflets,
racemes elongated Vi 40-fiowered, corolla thrice the calvx. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
Wall. Cat. 6433, e.rcl. G. JET. ; W. $ A. Prodr. 191 ; Wight Ic. t. 421.
iii. 277
O. virgata," -Ro.i-6. in E. I. C. Mas. tab. 373. 0. medicaginea, DC. Prodr. ii. 133.
O. stricta, Roth. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 133. Lupinus trifoliatus, Rottl. in Nov. Act.
Per. it. 223, t. 5. 0. stipitata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5425, A.
;

Assam and "Western Peninsula.

An

erect perennial 2-3

ft. high, with numerous erecto-patent slender branches.

an inch or more; stipules minute, setaceous leaflets membranous, ^1 in.
long, glabrous above, obscurely silky below, obtuse at the point, often deeply emarRacemes copious, both terminal and lateral, short-peduncled, reaching 4-6 in.
ginate.
Calyx in. long, finely silky teeth linear, twice the
long bracts minute, setaceous.

Petioles

length of the tube.

silky,

in.

Corolla yellow, glabrous.

Pod subquadrangular,

sessile,

thinly

long.

G6. C. Notonii, W. & A. Prodr. 192 ; shrubby, branchlets elongated obscurely silky, leaflets middle-sized obovate-oblong, racemes closely 12-20Wight Ic. t. 752. 0. trifoliastrum, Wall.
flowered, corolla 2-3 times the calyx.
0. rostrate, W. 8f A. Pi-odr. 191.
Cat. 5432, G.

Nilghiris and Pulnky Mountains.

Branches firm, ascending, terete, clothed with minute grey silky hairs. Stipules
leaflets cuneate in the
setaceous, persistent, in. petioles shorter thah the leaflets
lower half, reaching I-I5- in. long, green and glabrous above, thinly silky below.
1-3
short-peduncled
lateral
copious,
and
terminal,
in. long
bracts small,
Racemes
Calyx thinly silky, in. long
teeth lanceolate, equalling the tube.
setaceous.
with
very
long
keel
a
beak.
yellow
Pod
in.
long,
Corolla
subquadrangular, thinly
|
;

silky.

rig'ida, Heyne; DC. Prodr. ii. 133; shrubby, branchlets short stiff
67.
obscurely silky, leaflets minute obcordate, racemes 2-6-flowered, corolla 2-3
W. fy A. Prodr. 191.
limes the calyx.
Carnatic, Heyne, G. Thomson.
low shrub with very numerous woody subpatent branches, the old ones glabreStipules setaceous, very
scent, the copious branchlets almost spiny in old plants.
minute petiole very short leaflets pale green, thick, obscurely silky, not more than
J- in. long.
Racemes copious, close, all terminal bracts linear, very minute. Calyx
teeth lanceolate, equalling the tube. Corolla yellow, glabrous
- in. long, thinly silky
beak of keel long and narrow. Pod ^ in. long, thinly silky.

Group

9.

TrifoJ.ioIataj

long or cylindrical; .talked or

or shrubs.

Folyspermse.

sessile,

Leaves 3-foliolate. Pod obglabrous or pubescent, many-seeded. Herbs


Crotalaria.']

l.

leguminos.e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

83

68.
orixensis, Rottl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 131 ; herbaceous, diffuse, thinly
hairy, leaflets obovate-oblong obtuse, racemes very lax, bracts foliaceous perRoxb.
sistent, corolla small scarcely exserted, pod oblong- glabrous long-stalked.

Sort Beng. 98;

Dalz.

Fl. Ind.''iii. 276; Wall. Cat. 5426; W. A. Prodr. 103

C. macropoda, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 157.
Fl. 57.

Bomb.

Oibs.

Plains throughout the "Western Peninsula. Distrib. Abyssinia.

,
Perennial, with spreading slender copiously-branched stems, 1-H ft. long, clothed
with short spreading brown hairs, which are bulbous at the base. Stipidcs linear,
persistent petiole ^-1 in.
leaflets 1-H in. long, moderately firm, glabrous above,
thinly clothed with long hairs below. Lateral racemes numerous, 3-1 2- flowered
Calyx
bracts large, ovate-acuminate, reflexed pedicels filiform, 3-4 times the calyx.
in. long teeth linear, long. Pod | in. long, 8-10-seeded, with a stalk as long
as the calyx.
The only representative of the Diffusa in the trifoliolate series.
;

; DC. Prodr. ii. 131 ; fruticose, obscurely downy,

obovate-oblong obtuse, racemes terminal 2-4-iiowered, bracts minute
Benth.
setaceous, corolla 2-3 times the calyx, pod oblong glabrous long-stalked.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 576.
0. stipitata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5425, B. ; W.
cy A. Prodr. 193.

C. laevigata, Lawk.

69.

leaflets

Plains of the Western Peninsula.

small shrub, with long slender terete erecto-patent branches, finely downy or
glabrescent.
Stipules minute, setaceous, deciduous petiole as long as leaves leaflets
in.
long, green and glabrous above, pale and obscurely silky below.
Racemes
4
subcorymbose at the end of copious branchlets pedicels cernuous, bracteolate, thinly
silky.
Calyx
in. deep, thinly silky
Corolla
teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
yellow, || in.
keel with a very long beak. Pod -| in. long, 8-10-seeded, with_a
stalk as long as the calyx.

-*-

C. incana, Linn.

DC. Prodr. ii. 132 ; suffruticose, loosely downy,

;
obovate obtuse, racemes terminal and lateral elongated, bracts minute,
corolla slightly exserted, pod subsessile cylindrical loosely pubescent.
Bot. Reg.
t. 377.
0. afimis, DC. Prodr. ii. 132.
0. Schimperi, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.
151.
0. herbacea, Schweig. in Schranck Syll. ii. 77.
70.

leaflets

Kumaon

5000 ft, Strachey and Winterbottom, Edgeworth Ceylon, Gardner,

Perhaps naturalised only. Distrib. Malay isles, Trop. Africa and America,

&c.

common.

An undershrub, 2-4 ft. high, with robust terete branches, the whole plant, including
calyx and pod, clothed with fine spreading brown silky hairs. Stipzdes setaceous,
minute leaflets 1^2 in. long, very obtuse, cuneate in the lower half, membranous.
Racemes closely 1 2-20-flowered, reaching 6-9 in. long.
Calyx \ in. long teeth long,
lanceolate.
Pods deflexed, rather recurved, 1-1 ^ in. long, 20-30-seeded.
;

71. C. clavata, W. cy A. Prodr. 194

shrubby, obscurely downy, leaflets
obovate obtuse, racemes terminal and lateral elongated, bracts minute setaceous,
corolla much exserted, pod thinly silky oblong-cylindrical short-stalked.
Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 587.
C. cytisoides, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5424, J).
;

Carnatic Dindygul hills, Wight.

low shrub with arcuate ascending terete glabrescent branches.
Stipules
setaceous, very minute petiole shorter than the leaflets leaflets thick, rather fleshy,
obtuse, cuneate in the lower half, pale, subglabrous. Racemes 20-30-flowered, shortpeduncled, reaching 1 ft. long. Calyx campanulate, thinly silky, - in. long; teeth
lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla yellow, glabrous,
f in. long. Pod deflexed,
;

rather recurved, 10-12-seeded.

72.

C. foracteata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 378 shrubby, obscurely downy,

oblong acute, racemes terminal and lateral elongated, bracts minute
:

leaflets large

g2

84

l.

corolla mucli

setaceous,

legumlnos^.

G. Baker.);

pod subsessile

exserted,

Wall. Cat. 5423

pubescent.

(J.

[Grotalaria.

oblong-cylindrical densely
ii. 586.

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

Bhotan, Chittagong, Birma, Pegu, Tenasserim. Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

A low shrub with elongated flexuoso slender finely downy or glabrescent
leaflets membranous,
Stipules setaceous, very minute
petiole 2-3 in.
branches.
narrowed to both ends, 2-4 in. long, glabrous above, obscurely silky below. Racemes
;

short-peduncled, closely 1 2-30-flowered. Calyx in. long, finely silky teeth lanceolate,
Pods deflexed, rather recurved,
Corolla pale yellow, f in. long.
as long as tube.
-hard, 8-10-seeded, densely clothed with spreading pale brown hairs.
;

striata, DC. P-odr. ii. 131 shrubby, obscurely silky, leaflets

73.
obo vale-oblong obtuse or subacute, racemes terminal and lateral elongated, bracts
setaceous minute, corolla twice the calvx, pod short-stalked glabrous cylindrical.
Bot. May. t. 200. 0. Brownei, Reich. Icon. Fxot. t. 232 DC. Prodr. ii. 130.
O. Hookeri, Ara. hi Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. 3, 248.
0. pisiforniis, Guill. &r Per*
Fl. Seneff. 162.
0. Saltiana, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 648.
0. latifolia, Hort. Calc.
;

C. pallida and laburnoides, Klotzsch in

Petei-s.

Mossam. Bot. 57.

Malacca. Distrib.

Himalayas to Ceylon and

Malay isles and spread through
Tropical America and Africa.
An erect low shrub 2-4 ft. high, with robust sulcate thinly silky branches.
petiole 2-3 in.
leaflets membranous, 3-4 in.
Stipules minute, setaceous, deciduous
long, usually subobtuso, green and glabrous above, pale and obscurely silky below.
Racemes 20-oO-flowered,,reaching | 1 ft. long. Calyx \ in. long, thinly silky teeth
Corolla glabrous, yellow striped with red.
Pods
lanceolate, as long as the tube.
deflexed, rather recurved, 1 j-2 in. long, 20-30-seeded.
;

74. fj. l&burnifolia, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 130 ; shrubby, glabrous, leaflets
obovate-oblong acute, racemes elongated very lax, bracts minute deciduous,
corolla large much exserted, pod cvlindrical glabrous long-stalked.
Wall. Cat.
54&i, excLD; Roxb. Fl. hid. iii.* 275
W. <y A. Prodr. 193; Date. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 57. 0. pendula, Bert. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 130. C. pedunculosa, Desv.
DC. Prodr. ii. 132. Olavulium pedunculosum, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 407 ;
Rhecde Hort. Mai. ix. t. 27 Burnt. Zeyl. t. 35.
;

Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Malacca.

Distrib. Philippines and Malay isles.

slender elongated terete branches.
petiole 2-3 in.
Stipules
Racemes terminal
leaflets membranous, glabrous, 1-2 in. long, cuneate at the base.
and lateral, ^ 1 ft. long pedicels exceeding the calyx. Calyx glabrous, turbinate,
teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla bright yellow, glabrous*
rj- 1 in. long
keel very broad with a long incurved beak. Pod 1^-2 in. long, 20-301 in. deep
gynophore
filiform,
in.
seeded
long, much exceeding that of any other species.
-1

A low shrub with

Gnorp

10.

7-folioiate.

seeded.

ZMEultifolicSateB. Leaves usually 5-, but varying from 3- to

glabrous, oblong or linear-oblong, distinctly stalked, many-

Pod

Herbs

or .under-shrubs.

C quinquefolia, Linn.

DC.

135; herbaceous, branches

lower
pedicels at last as long as the calvx.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 279 Date. Sf Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 57 Wall. Cat. 5420 W. <y A. Prodr. 194 El. t. 16Rheede Hort,
Mai. ix. t. 28.
75.

and leaves below thinly

P-odr.

ii.

silky, leaflets linear, bracts linear thinly silky,

;

Western

Peninsula,

Ceylon,

Birma,

Tenasserim.

Distrib.

Malay

isles,

Philippines.
An erect annual 2-4 ft. high, with robust straight sulcate branches. Stipules
linear, subpersistent
petioles 1-3 in.
leaflets usually 5, rarely 3, linear, rarely
narrow oblanceolate, 2-4 in. long, obtuse, glabrous above. Racemes usually terminal,
;

Crotalaria.'}

l.

leguminosje.

(J. G.

Baker.)

85

laxly 10-20-flowered, reaching ^ ft. long; tracts persistent, as long as the pedicels.
Calyx campanulate, subglabrous, -i in. long; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla glabrous, twice the calyx. ~Pod oblong, glabrous, distinctly stalked, 1^-2 in.
by 2_i i'n>j 30-40-seeded. C. heterophylla, L. DC. Prodr. ii. 131, is a trifoliolate
form.

76. C. Grahamiana, W. $* A. Prodr. 194 shrubby, branches and leaves

below densely clothed with adpressed silky hairs, leaflets oblanceolate, bracts
0. digitata, Wight in
linear thinlv silky, lower pedicels as long as the calyx.
;

Wall. Cat. 5430," wore

Carnatic

Pulney

Hook
hills at

4000

ft.

Branches firm, elongated, angular, persistently silky. Stipules linear, reflexed,

leaflets thicker than in >
persistent
petiole reaching 3-4 in., silky like the branches
Bacemes closely 12-30C. quinquefolia, 2-3 in. long, often 7, glabrous above, obtuse.
Calyx just like that
bracts A-| in., acuminate, reflexed, persistent.
flowered, 4| ft.
Corolla yellow, glabrous, half as long again as the calyx. Pod
of C. quinquefolia.
;

linear-oblong, 1^ 2 in. long, distinctly stalked.

77. G. digitata, Hooh. Bot. Misc. ii. 354, suppl. t. 16 (O. quinquefolia) ;
shrubby, branches and leaves on both sides clothed with loose soft tomentum,
leaflets obovate-cuneate, bracts lanceolate tonientose, pedicels twice the calyx.
W. A. Prodr. 194, non Wight in Wall. Cat. 5430.

Carnatic Madura hills, Wight.

low shrub the whole plant, except calyx and corolla, clothed with loose
Stipules % in. long, linear-setaceous, reflexed,
oft pale brown velvety tomentum.
leaflets 3-5, thick and soft, cuneate in the lower half,
persistent
petiole 2-3 in.
very obtuse, the end one reaching 2^3 in. long, |-1 in. broad, the outermost sometimes
unequal- sided.
Racemes terminal and lateral, short-peduncled, closely 12-20fiowered
bracts lanceolate acuminate, densely velvety, patent, persistent.
Calyx
;

glabrous, f-| in. long teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.

Pod linear-oblong, 2-2|- in. long.
brous, 1 in. long.
;

Corolla yellow, gla-

C. elliftica, IloxIk in Wall. Cat. .5433 (C. Vachellii, H. $ A.), and C. vascdxosa,
Grah. in Wall. C 'at 5427, have no claim to rank as Indian species, having been introduced to the Calcutta Garden, the former from China, and the latter from

Mauritius.

9.

ONONES,

Linn.

Undershrubs or herbs, often viscid. Leaves with pinnately 3-folio'late toothed

Calyx-tube campanulate
teeth long, subequai.
Petals clawed
wings obovate-oblong
keel incurved, acute.
standard roundish
Stamens
monadelphous, the alternate filaments dilated at the apex anthers dimorphous.
Ovary in our plant subsessile, few-ovuled style filiform, abruptly incurved,
Pod oblong, turgid, continuous within. Distrie.
stigma minute oblique.
Species 60, mainly Mediterranean and European.
leaflets.

1.

Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 93 ; Bom. Fl. Orient, ii. 56.

O.
Diet. i. 506; DC. Prodr. ii. 162.
O. arvensis, Linn. herb, in
O. procurrens, Benth. in Boyle 111. 197.

O. Iiircina,

altissima,

part.

Lam.

Temperate West Himalaya; Tibet and Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft. Distrib.
West Siberia, Europe.
An undershrub, with ascending unarmed pubescent stems. Stipules large, leafy,

Orient,

adnate to the short petioles leaflets oblong, obtuse. Flowers reddish, in pairs at the
axils of the leaves, forming a close leafy raceme at the end of the branches.
Calyx
teeth linear, exceeding the tube.
Pod oblong, downy, not exserted, 2-3-seeded.
| in.
;

86

l.

;;
;

leguminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

TRXFOXiXUZK,

10.

[Trifolium*

Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves with stipules adnate to the petiole and
Flowers small, copious, in dense axillary heads.
digitately 3-foliolate leaflets.
Corolla adnate to the staminal
Calyx tube turbinate ; teeth mostly 5 subequal.
tube, and fading without falling ; standard and wings narrow ; keel straight,
Stamens diadelphous filaments more or less dilated ; anthers uniform.
obtuse.
:

Ovary

few-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved above the base

stigma oblique. Pod minute, included, membranous, indehiscent, 1 or fewDistrib. Species perhaps 200, mostly European and Oriental, many
seeded.
sessile or stalked,

N. American and Trop. African.

T. minus, Smith, is included in Hohenacker's Neilgherry plants, no doubt from
introduced specimens.
T. resupinatum, Linn., is largely cultivated in Afghanistan,

Hazara and Khagan,

in the subtropical zone.

1.

T. pratense,

Linn.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

pair of opposite leaves, calyx not accrescent.

Kashmir

195;

heads subtended by a

erect,

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

ii.

115.

G-arwhal, 4-8000 ft. Distrib. Afghanistan, Siberia, Orient, Europe.

Perennial
stems a foot or more high, slightly downy. Stipules very broad
leaflets oblong; toothing obscure.
Heads roundish; flowers very dense, usually red.
Calyx pubescent teeth setaceous, the lowest longer than the rest, exceeding the tube.
Pod 1 -seeded, opening by a lid. One of the common forago clovers.
to

2. T. repens, Linn.
DC. Prodr.
naked, calyx not accrescent. Boiss. Fl.
;

ii.

198

Oi'ient.

trailing,
ii.

145.

peduncles elongated
T. venulosum, Boyle

MSS.
Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, ascending to 20,000 ft. Nllghiris and
Ceylon, perhaps introduced. Distrib. Through Europe and Asia, also North
;

America.
Stems slender, glabrous, wide-creeping. Stipules narrow petioles and peduncles
long, ascending leaflets obovate emarginate, distinctly toothed.
Heads globose, not
Calyx glabrous; teeth subequal, shorter than tho
dense; flowers finally deflexed.
ComCorolla white or with a pink tinge. Pod minute, linear, 3-4-seeded.
tube.
;

monly

cultivated.

3. T. frag ife rum, Linn.

DC. Prodr. ii. 202; trailing, peduncles elongated naked, fruit calyx accrescent.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 135.
;

Kashmir, temperate zone, Jacquemont, Thomson. Distrib. Europe, Orient, N.

Africa, Abyssinia.
Habit of T. repens, for which it is easily passed over in flower. Stipules lanceolate, with cuspidate points ; petioles and peduncles elongated ; leaflets less distinctly
toothed.
Corolla a deeper pink.
Calyx in fruit becoming an ovoid membranous
persistent bladder, enclosing the small ]-2-seeded pod.
11. PAHOCKETUS,Hanult.
A slender creeping herb. Leaves 3-foliolate. Floivers on axillary peduncles.

Corolla free from

Calyx tube campanulate; two upper teeth subconnate.
staminal tube ; standard broad, obovate clawed wings much shorter, obtuse
Stamens diadelkeel as long as the wings, incurved and subacute at the tip."
Ovary sessile, linear, oc-ovulate
phous ; filaments not dilated anthers uniform.
style elongated, glabrous, suddenly incurved above the base, stigma terminal.
Pod linear, turgid, continuous within.
single species.
;

1.

Illust.

P. communis,
t.

35

Hamilt. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 403 ; Wall. Cat. 5972 ; Boyle

Don, Prodr. 241. P. major, Don Prodr. 241 ; DC. Prodr. loc.

Trigonella.']

leguminos2E.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

87

P. oxalidifolia,
TT. # A. Prod. 252 : TTe>^ Ic. t. 483.
Wall. Cat. 5525
Royle Must. 201. P. maculata, R. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. 162, t. 34.
cit.

Alpine, Temperate and Subtropical Himalaya from Simla and Garwhal to

Assam, alt. 4-13,000 ft. Nilghiris, Ceylon, Birma, Wallich Tenasserim, Parish.

Distrib. Java, Zambesi-land.

Petiole long, filiform, bearing leaves like
Rhizome thread-like, wide-creeping.
those of Oxalis Acetosella leaflets subsessile, obovate, cuneate, emarginate, entire,
glabrous or slightly pubescent. Peduncles overtopping the leaves, 1-2-flowered.
Calyx in. deep teeth lanceolate. Corolla J-f in., purplish-white. Pod straight,
glabrous, linear, |-1 in. long.
;

12.

TRIGONELL A, Linn.

Annual herbs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, toothed. Flowers racenied,

Calyx tube campanulate teeth distinct, subequal. Petals free
lemon-yellow.
standard and wings narrow ; keel shorter, obtuse.
from the staminal tube
Stamens diadelphous filaments not dilated; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile,
many-ovuled style glabrous ; stigma terminal. Pod linear or linear-oblong,
compressed or subterete, not spiral, usually exserted, many-seeded, continuous
within.
Distkib. Species 50, mostly Mediterranean and Oriental. Many cul;

tivated for forage.

*

Pod short,

turgid.

Delile ; DC. Prodr. ii. 185

arguta, Visiani PI. JEgypt. 33, t. 8, fig. 1.

T. occulta,

1.

Boiss. Fl.

Orient,

ii.

84.

T.

Plains of Scinde, Stocks; Upper Gangetic Plain, near Lucknow, Anderson.

Distrib. Egypt, Nubia.
Diffuse, densely csespitose, glabrous or subglabrous, annual, with slender stems a
few in. long. Stipules deeply laciniated petiole exceeding the sharply-toothed minute
oblanceolate cuneate leaflets. Flowers 2-4 together in copious sessile axillary clusters.
Calyx | in. ; teeth linear-setaceous.
Corolla slightly exserted.
Pod elliptical,
scarcely exserted, glabrous, usually 2 -seeded.
;

**

Pod

long, turgid.

DC. Prodr. ii. 182 pod large long2. T. Foenum-g-raeciixn, Linn.

beaked, reticulations distant not transverse. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 389 ; Wall. Cat.
5984 W. 8f A. Prodr. 195 ; Sibth. $ Sm. Fl. Graca, t. 766 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient.
;

ii.

70.

Kashmir, Punjab, Upper Gangetic Plain, &c.

Distrib.

South

Europe and

Orient, widely cultivated.

Stipules not laciniated ; leaflets toothed,
Annual, robust, erect, subglabrous.
f-1 in. long, oblanceolate-oblong. Flowers 1-2, sessile in the axils of the leaves.
Calyx -- in., teeth linear. Corolla much exserted. %Pod 2-3 in. long, 10-20-seeded,
with a long persistent beak, often falcate.
3.

T. polycerata,

Linn.;

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

184; pod small not beaked,

reticulations close transverse, flowers 1-6 in a sessile or short-peduncled umbel.

T. incisa, Royle Rl. 197; Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 36, t. 42 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient.
T. pinnatifida, Car. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 183.
ii. 76.
T. monantha, C. A. Meyer in

Led. Fl. Ross. i. 534 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 77. T. orthoceras, Kar. $ Kir. ;
Walp. Rep. i. 637 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 77. T. geminiflora, Bunge Rel. Lehm.
T. brahuica, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 73.
71.
;

Punjab and Upper Gangetic Plain, ascending

to

South Europe to Spain.

Annual, more slender, branched and diffuse than in the

6000

ft.

Distrib.

West

Siberia, Orient,

Stipules not lacilast.

niated; points setaceous; leaflets smaller, sharply inciso-dentate or even pinnatifid,

88

;;

leguminosje.

L.

(J. G.

Baker.)

[Trlgonella.

Flowers 1-6 usually 2-4, sessile or on a short common

Calyx in., subcylindrical teeth setaceous, shorter
than tube. Corolla slightly exserted. Pod 1-2 in. long, falcate, in. broad, much
wrinkled transversely, 10-20-seeded.
obovate; base deltoid, entire.
peduncle in the axil of leaf.

hamosa

4. T.
Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 183 ; pod small not beaked, retif
culations close transverse, flowers 6-12 in short-pedimcled racemes. Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 84.
T. obcordata, Wall. Cat. 5986 ; Benth. in Boyle III. 197. T.
nervosa, Klotzsch in Beise Pr. Wald. Bat. 158, t. 1, fig. 1.

Included amongst Wallich's plants, with the habitat of Tikari {Hamilton), but a
doubtful native of India proper. Distrib. Afghanistan, Egypt, Nubia, Cape.
Annual, glabrous. Stems caspitose, diffuse, 1 ft. or more long. Stipules broad,
deeply cut leaflets obovate-cuneate, shallowly toothed, f-^ in. long base deltoid,
entire.
Baceones close, equalling or falling short of the leaves, terminated by a spine.
Calyx short-pedicelled, under
in. deep
teeth lanceolate, shorter than the tube.
Corolla three times the calyx. Pod -| in. long, much curved, 4-6-seeded.
;

***

Pod linear or linear-oblong flat.

T. gracilis, Benth. in Boyle

Bl. 197; glabrous, peduncles

flowered, corolla distinctly exserted, pod linear straight 6-8-seeded.
5.

1-3-

Kashmir, Kumaon, Gurwhal, &c, alt. 5-7000 ft.

Stems very slender, trailing, 1-1^ ft. long. Stymies linear, faintly toothed
petiole shorter than leaflets, often scarcely any leaflets obovate-cuneate, ^--^ in. long,
;

Peduncles filiform, exceeding leaves, ending in a

Calyx ^ in. teeth setaceous, as long as the tube. Pod -| in. by
conspicuous awn.
^ in., marked with distinct rather close transverse veins.
finely inciso-dentate, veins raised.
;

6.

T. pubescens, Edgw. MSS.

corolla slightly exserted,

finely downy, peduncles 1-3-flowered,

pod linear-oblong straight l(>-12-seeded.
;

Hazara, Kashmir, Kumaon, Piti, Kunawar, &c, alt. 5-10,000 ft.

Stems more branched and stouter than in the last, reaching 1 ft. or more long.
Stipules linear, faintby toothed
petiole shorter than the blade ; leaflets obovateoblong, cuneate at the base, distinctly inciso-dentate, ^f in. long. Peduncle as long
as the leaves, not ending in an awn. Valyx in., finely downy teeth linear-setaceous,
exceeding the tube. Pod downy at first, -f in. by -i in. ; veins transverse, distinct,
;

very close.
7. T. emodi, Benth. in Boyle III. 197; flowers 4-6 rarely up to 12
closely racemose, corolla 2-3 times the calyx, pod linear-oblong straight 4-6Melilotus emodi, Wall. Cat. 5941.
seeded.
Trigonella himalaica, Wall. MSS.
T. cachemiriana, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bat. 36, t. 41. Botryolotus cachenryrianus, Jaub. fy Spach. Illust. i. 125.
T. rhytidocarpa, Boiss. ; Bal. Fl. Orient.
ii. 78.

Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 4-10,000 ft. Distrib. Afghanistan, Persia, Orient.

Habit and inflorescence of T. corniculata, from which it mainly differs in pod. Stems
glabrous, copiously branched, 1 ft. or more high.
Stipules slightly inciso-dentate,
points linear-setaceous leaflets obovate, distinctly inciso-dentate in the wild form.
Calyx glabrous, \-^ in.
Peduncles 1-2 in. long, terminated by a distinct point.
teeth linear, as long as the tube. Pod ^f in. by
in., glabrous, with close distinct raised veins.
;

^~

8. T. corniculata, Linn.
DC. Prodr. ii. 184 flowers 6-12 closely racemose, corolla 2-3 times the calyx, pod narrow linear falcately recurved 4-8seeded. Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 389
W. # A. Prodr. 196 ; Wight Ic. t. 384 Sibth.
Boiss. FL Orient, ii. 83.
T. elatior, Sibth. 8f 8m. Fl.
8f Sm. Fl. Grceca, t. 761
Grceca, t. 762.
T. fimbriata, Boyle III. 197.
T. esculenta, Willd. ; DC. Prodr.
ii. 185
Wall. Cat. 5985.
;


Melilotus.']

l.

leguminos^:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

89

Bengal, Kashmir and Ladak to Kumaon, alt. 5-12,000 ft. Distrib. Afghanistan, Orient, South Europe.
Diffuse, very much branched, glabrous, suberect, 1 ft. or more high.
Stipules
deeply or faintly toothed, points setaceous petiole as long as or exceeding leaflets ;
Peduncles exceeding the
leaflets obovate-cuneate, faintly inciso-dentate, i-| in. long.
Calyx in. teeth shorter than the tube. Pod -f in. by
leaves, awned at the tip.
in., glabrous, marked with close transverse raised veins.
ji
;

13.

Annual or

raZSX.XX.OTUS,

Juss.

Leaves with toothed pinnately 3-foliolate' leaflets.

Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth 5, subequal, lanceostandard and wings
late.
Corolla caducous, free from the staminal tube
narrow ; keel straight, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, filaments not dilated
anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile or stipitate, few-ovuled ; style filiform, glabrous,
much incurved, stigma terminal. Pod oblong, much exserted, indehiscent.
Distrib. Species about a dozen ; spread through the temperate regions of the
biennial herb.

Flowers in long racemes.

Old World.
1. EX. parviflora, Desf.; DC. Prodr. ii. 187 ; annual, corolla pale yellow
minute, standard exceeding wings and keel, pod glabrous.
Wall. Cat. 5943 A,
B. W. 8> A. Prodr. 196; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 108. M. indica, All. Fl. Fed. i.
308. M. minima, Roth DC. Prodr. ii. 189.
^rifolium indicum, Linn. ; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 388.
;

Western Peninsula, Bengal, North West Provinces, tropical zone. Distrib. Orient, Europe, and introduced in many other regions.
Stems slender, 1-1^ ft. high. Stiptdcs linear acuminate leaflets obovate or oblanceolate, retuse or emarginate.
Flowering -racemes close fruiting-racemes 12 in.
Calyx
in.
teeth deltoid. Corolla not more than in. long. Pod x^-^-in., obscurely
reticulato-lacunose, usually 1-seeded.
M. parviflora, Wall. 5943 D, is M. italica,
Lam., only known in India in cultivation.
;

2.

XIX.

alba, Lamk.

ing wings and

keel,

Diet. iv. 63
pod glabrous.

biennial, corolla white, standard exceedOrient, ii. 109.

M. altissima,

Boiss. Fl.

Wall. Cat. 5942, non Thuill. M. leucantha, Koch;

196.
M. vulgaris, Willd. Enum. 490.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

187;

W.

A. Prodr.

Northern Provinces, ascending from the plains of Bengal to 12-13,000 ft. in

Ntjbra, and 11,000 ft. in Ladak. Distrib. Europe, Orient, Siberia, &c.
Much taller and more robust than the last. Stipules and leaflets similar. Racemes
in flower 1^-2 in., in fruit 3-4 in. long.
Calyx under
in.
teeth lanceolate, shorter
than the tube. Corolla always white, inodorous, 2-3 times the length of the calyx
in the temperate zone, nearly as small as in M. parviflora in the plains. Pod as in the

iast,

but larger, often 2-seeded.

III. officinalis, Willd.

DC. Prodr. ii. 186 ; biennial, corolla yellow,
standard the same length as the wings and keel, pod hairy. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 109.
M. macrorhiza, Pers. DC. Prodr. ii. 187. M/altissima, Thuill. Fl.
Par. 378, non Wallich. Trifolium officinale, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 388.
3.

NuBRAand Ladak 10-13,000 ft., Thomson,

:

Stewart.

Distrib. Europe, Orient, &c.

Very like M. alba in general habit and identical in stipules and leaflets. Racemes
denser, and not quite so long.
Calyx
in.
teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla linear, yellow, odorous, usually three times as long as the calyx. Pod distinctly stipitate, in. long, 1-2-seeded, not so obtuse.

14.

IDXEDXCAGO,

Linn.

CalyxHerbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate leaflets toothed.

tube campanulate
teeth 5, subequal.
Corolla more or less exserted, free
;

90

LEGUMiNOSiE.

l.

(J.

;;

G. Baker.)

[Medicago.

from the starninal tube; standard and wings oblong; keel straight, obtuse.
Stamens diadelphous
filaments filiform
Ovary sessile,
anthers uniform.
usually many-ovuled style short, little incurved stigma oblique. Pod usually
;

many-seeded, indehiscent, rarely siclde-shaped, in

lupulina
Disteib. Species about 40 spread principally round the Mediter-

spirally twisted,

one-seeded.
ranean.

M. sativa, Linn. Wall. Cat. 5945, A, B, probably a cultivated race of M.falcata,

characterised by the pod forming a double spiral and flowers usually purple, is often
grown for forage in Madras, Bengal, and the North-West Provinces.
;

* Subej-ect, perennial.
1.

m.

falcata, Linn.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

Kashmir, Ladak, Kunawar,

&c.

Orient, and all through Europe.

Subglabrous, copiously branched, 1-2

alt.

ft.

Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 93.

;
M.
Besser, Prim. Fl. Gal. ii. 127.

172

M. procumbens,

5945 0, D.

sativa, Wall. Cat,

5-13,000

high.

Distrib.

ft.

Afghanistan,

Leaflets oblanceolate,

| 1

in. long.

Peduncles exceeding leaves. Flowers 12-20, in close racemes.

Calyx in. teeth
setaceous, as long as the tube.
Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx. Pod linear,
sickle-shaped, glabrous, ^-f in. long, 5-10-seeded.
;

** Diffuse trailing annuals or biennials.

2. IMC.

lupulina,

sickle-shaped
105.

Linn.

DC.

Prodr. ii. 172 ; biennial, pod minute linear

Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.
Wall. Cat. 5944

unarmed one-seeded.

Tropical and temperate tracts of the north-west, ascending from the Indus valley
and Gangetic plain to 10-12,000 ft.Distrib. Orient. Siberia, Europe, Abyssinia,
often cultivated.
Stem 1 ft. or

Stiptdes toothed; points lanceolate,

long, finely downy.
Flowers
obovate, faintly inciso-crenate, base deltoid, entire.
12-20, densely capitate peduncles exceeding the leaves.
in.
teeth setaCalyx
ceous, as long as the tube.
Corolla slightly exserted. Pod
in. long, indehiscent,
glabrous or downy, faintly veined longitudinally, finally black.

acuminate

more

leaflets

3. JUL.

orbicularis,

All.

large vertically compressed.

Kashmir

DC.

Prodr.

174

ii.

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

temperate region, Falconer.

ii.

Distrib.

annual, pod spiral

unarmed

97.
Orient,

Mediterranean, Abys-

sinia.

Stems slender, subglabrous, a foot or more long. Stipules short, deeply laciniated
Peduncles shorter
^-^ in. long, obovate-cuneate, faintly inciso-dentate.
than the leaves, 1-3-flowered. Calyx in. teeth linear-setaceous. Corolla yellow,
much exserted. Pod -f in. broad, with 4-5 flattened spirals, distantly finely transleaflets

versely veined.
4.

DX. laciniata, All.

pod small subglobose

Orient,

ii.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

180; annual, stipules laciniated,

spiral muricated, corolla scarcely exserted.

Boiss.

FL

104.

Punjab tropical region, Fleming, Jacquemont, Aiichison. Distrib. Orient, Mediterranean, Abyssinia.
Stems glabrous, very slender, reaching a foot long. Leaflets %% in. long, obovatecuneate, sharply inciso-dentate or even pinnatifid ; petiole equalling or exceeding
Calyx narrowly turbinate, in.
leaflets.
Peduncles filiform, awned, 1-2-flowered.
teeth setaceous. Pod in. broad with 4-5 sharply muricated spirals.
;

5. BX. denticulata, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 176; annual, stipules laciBoiss. Fl.
niated, corolla twice the calyx, pod subglobose spiral muricated.
Orient, ii. 102.
M. canescens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5946. M. polymorpha,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 390.

l.

Lotus.']

LEGUMiNOSiE.

(J.

91'

G. Baker.)

Tropical zone of the north-west Scinde, Bengal, Otjde, Punjab, Ktjmaon, &c.
Disteib. Orient. Abyssinia, Europe, Japan, China, Siberia.
Stems subglabrous, more robust than in M. minima and laciniata. Leaflets i-j* in.
Peduncles short, closely 2-6-flowered, not
long, obovate-euneate, faintly toothed.
Pod with 2-4 spirals,
teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
awned. Calyx
in.
the veined face jf-% in. broad without the spines, which are ^-^ in. long in the type,
but reduced down to mere tubercles in the var. M. apicidata, Willd.
:

minima, Lamk. DC. Prodr. ii.

BX.

6.

small subglobose spiral muricated.

JBoiss.

178 ; annual, stipules subentire, pod

Fl. Orient, ii. 103.

Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., D. Thomson. Disteib. Afghanistan, Orient, Mediterranean, Abyssinia, Europe.
Finely downy, the stems under ^ ft. long. Petioles as long as the leaflets, which are
obovate-cuneate, gf in. long, distinctly toothed. Peduncles as long as the leaves,
Calyx -^ in., finely downy teeth linear-setaclosely 2-5-flowered, not mucronate.
Corolla distinctly exserted. Pod in. broad, exclusive of
ceous, as long as the tube.
the long spines, formed of 4-o close spirals.
;

15.

LOTUS,

Linn.

Herbs. Leaves usually 5-foliate, the lowest pair of leaflets arising from the base
Corolla
of the petiole like stipules.
Calyx tube canipanulate, teeth subequal.
caducous, free from the staminal tube; standard obovate clawed, exceeding
the wings and incurved shortly beaked keel.
Stamens diadelphous, filaments
dilated at the apex
anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style long,
abruptly inflexed, stigma terminal. Pod linear, turgid, septate between the
seeds.
Disteib. Species 50 or more, spread through North and South temperate
;

regions.

L. major, Scop,
1.

Xi.

is in

Bellew's Kashgar collection.

corniculatus,

upper 3 remote from lower

Orient,

ii.

Linn.

DC.

2, flowers in

herbaceous, leaflets 5,
Prodr. ii. 214
peduncled terminal umbels. B&iss. Fl.
;

L. bracteatus, Wall. Cat. 5939.

165.

West Hima l ayas,

10,000

ft.,

as far east as Nipal, principally in the temperate zone up to

but descending into the plains. Disteib. Europe, Orient, Abyssinia, Japan,

Australia.
Perennial.

Stems slender, glabrous or obscurely silky. Leaflets 5, the end one

stipule like.
Flowers 4-8 in a close umbel, subtended by a reduced trifoliolate leaf, at the end of a long peduncle. Calyx ^ in. teeth lanceolate-cusCorolla showy, 2-3 times as long as the calyx.
pidate.
Pod cylindrical, straight, f-1
sessile

and two lowest

in. long.

Vae. minor
fleshy leaflets

2.

Ii. ?

g-

a dwarf form, from the plains of Scinde with solitary flowers and

in. long.

Garcini, DC.

Prodr.

ii.

212

rarely 5, flowers sessile axillary solitary.

Aucheri, Jaub. Spach III. PL Orient,
ii. 174.

t.

suffruticose, leaflets

JBoiss.

96.

all sessile

Ononis
174.
L. Stocksii, JBoiss. Fl. Orient.
Fl. Orient,

ii.

Scinde in sandy ground near the sea, Stocks. Disteib. Through Persia to Nubia.
Habit less like that of a Lotus than of an Ononis, to which genus it also approaches by
its slightly dimorphous anthers.
Stems ^-1 ft., copiously stiffly branched, covered like
the leaves with short grey tomentum. Leaflets pale, fleshy, 3 in. long, obovate-cuneFlowers copious, inconspicuous.
ate.
Calyx ^ in., densely downy teeth linear,
;

twice the tube.

Corolla not exserted.

Pod

linear, straight, 5-6-seeded,

f-

in. long.

'92

l.

;.

LEGUMiNOSiE.
16.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Cyamopsis.

CSTAZTCOPSIS, DO.

Erect annuals, with 3-foliolate leaves, laterally attached hairs and small purplish flowers in axillary racemes.
Calyx-tuhe oblique ; teeth unequal, the lowest
'elongated, setaceous. Petals caducous standard and wings narrow ; keel obtuse,
slightly incurved.
Stamens monadelphous ; anthers uniform, apiculate. Ovary
sessile, linear, 6-8-ovuled ; style short, filiform, much incurved, stigma capitate.
Pod linear, straight, subtetragonous, 2-valved, septate between the seeds.
:

Distrib. Species 2, the other Arabian and trop. African.

C. psoralioides, DC. Prodr.

ii. 216;
Wall. Cat. 5920; W. 8> A.
Psoralea tetragonoloba, Linn.Mant. 104. Lupinus
trifoliatus, Cav. Ic. t. 59.
Dolichos psoraloides, Lamk. Diet. ii. 300. D. fabeeformis, LLIerit. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 316.

1.

Prodr. 197; Wight

Ic. t. 248.

Plains from the Himalaya to the "Western Peninsula, but often, perhaps always,
Distrib. Afghanistan.
robust, erect annual, 2-3 ft. high, clothed with adpressed grey hairs attached by
the middle, as in Indigo/era. Stipules long, linear-setaceous leaves petioled, 3-foliolate ;
leaflets ovate, acute, inciso-dentate, 2-3 in. long.
Flowers 6-30 in copious close shortpeduncled axillary racemes bracts setaceous, protruded.
Calyx J-J in. Corolla
scarcely exserted.
Pod thick, fleshy, straight, 1^-2 in. long.
cultivated.

17.

XNX2XQOFBXIA,

Linn.

Herbs

or shrubs clothed more or less densely with adpressed hairs laterally

attached, often silvery-canescent. Floivers in copious axillary racemes.
Calyx
minute, campanulate ; teeth 5, subequal or the lowest longest.
Corolla caducous
standard obovate ; keel straight, not rostrate, spurred on each side near the base.
Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform, apiculate. Ovary sessile, usually nianyovuled ; style short incurved, stigma capitate usually penicillate.
Pod usually
linear-cylindrical, rarely oblong or globose, turgid, rarely flatfish, in one sectiou
crescent-shaped, densely muricated.
Distrib. Species 250-300, spread through,
all tropical regions and also abundant at the Cape.
;

Subgen.

1.

Acanthonotus,

Benth.

Pod

recurved, sickle-shaped, 1-

seeded, niuricated along the ventral suture.

echinata, WiSd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 222; Roxb. Hort. Peng. 98; Fl.
370 Wall. Cat. 5456 W. $ A. Prodr. 198 Wight Ic. t. 316 Dalz.
Hedysarum nummularifolium, Linn. Sp. PL 1051 (excl.
8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 57.
syn.).
H. rotundifolium, Vahl Symb. ii. 81. H. erinaceum, Poir. Diet. Suppl.
vi. 393.
Onobrychis rotundifolia, Desv. DC. Prodr. ii. 348. O. cuneifolia, DC.
Prodr. ii. 348. Indigofera prostrate, Roxb. MSS.
1. X.

Ind.

iii.

Plains of Ceylon and the Western Peninsula. Distrib. Guinea.

diffuse much-1 (ranched a nnual with stems 1-2 ft. long.
Leaves simple, nearly
sessile, broad-obovate, obtuse, mucronate, glabrescent, membranous,
^f in. long stipules linear-setaceous. Racemes copious, short-peduncled, 6-10-flowered.
Calyx
in. teeth setaceous, very long.
Corolla pinkish, in. Pod under in. long, laterally
flattened, beaked with the persistent style.

Subge^.

2.

Splieeridiophora, Desv.

Pod minute, unarmed,

globose,

J -seeded,
X. linifolia, Retz; DC. Prodr. ii. 222; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 370; Cor.
Wall. Cat. 5489 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 198 ; Wight Ic. t. 313 ; Dalz. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 188.
Sphseridiophora linifolimn, Desv
.Journ. Bot. iii. 125, t. 6, iig. 35. S. abyssinicum, Jaub. et Spach. III. t. 494.
2.

PI.

t.

100


Indigofera.']

l.

leguminos^.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

93:

Throughout India from the Himalayas to Ceylon, common. Disteib. Abyssinia,

Afghanistan, Malay Isles, N. Australia.
Annual, the whole plant persistently silvery-hoary. Stems slender, copiously
branched both at the base and. upwards, i-1 ft. Leaves simple, subsessile, A-l in.
long, typically linear, acute, but varying (var. Campbellii, Wight) to obovate, obtusewithamucro; stipules minute, setaceous. Flowers 6-12 in copious dense subsessile
Calyx ~ in., silvery teeth long, linear-setaceous. Corolla bright red, 2-3
racemes.
in. thick.
times the calyx. Pod hard, mucronate, silvery, under
;

Stjbgex.

Group
3.

Euindig-ofera, Benth. Ovary with

Pod linear or oblong, unarmed, turgid.

3.

with many.
1.

at least 2 ovules,jisually

Leaves simple (in Sp. 6 casually 3-folioliate.)

Simplicifolice.

X. cordifolia* Jfeyne; DC. Prodr.

ii.

222; herbaceous, loosely pubes-

cent, leaves subsessile cordate-ovate, flowers in dense sessile heads, pod oblong
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58.
Heylandia ? coi"
2-seeded. W. 8f A. Prodr. 199 ; Dalz.
difolia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5343.

Plains throughout India proper, ascending to 4000 ft. in the Chenab valley.
Distrib. Afghanistan, Beloochistan, Nubia, Malay Isles, N.Australia.
A copiously branched diffuse annual with stems %-% ft. long. Leaves subobtuse with
a mucro, flexuous, -f in. long, obscurely downy above, densely below ; stipules setaceHeads copious, 4-8-flowered. Calyx in. densely downy teeth long,
ous, minute.
Corolla bright red, not exserted. Pod under in. long, pubescent, casually
setaceous.
;

1 -seeded.

4. X. triquetra, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 36; herbaceous, thinly

argenteo-canescent, leaves subsessile oblong, flowers 6-12 in small peduncled
racemes, pod linear 4-6-seeded. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 58.

Plains of Concan, Dalzell, StocJcs.

Stems very flexuous,
Perennial, greenish in shade, obscurely silvery in exposure.
trailing, 1 ft. or less long, slender, acutely triquetrous. Leaves firm, - in. long, narrowed or slightly rounded at both ends stipules setaceous, persistent. Bacemes shorti n ., canescent
teeth long, setaceous. Corolla
peduncled, finally an inch long. Calyx
in., bright red. Pod ^-f in. long, turgid, glabrous, the flattened sutures margined
;

by acute

keels.

X. caloneura, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42, 2, 229 shrubby,

fulvo-puberulous, leaves small petioled elliptical with veins beneath much raised,
racemes short close, pods unknown.
5.

Pegu, Kurz.
An erect branched shrub.

Leaves 55 in., rounded to both ends, mucronulate, chartaceous, glabrous above, glaucescent and softly pubescent below petiole as long as
blade stipules minute, linear-subulate. Bacemes usually shorter than leaves peCorolla in.,
duncle in.; bracts subulate, moderately long. Calyx broad, short.
Ovary densely silky.
probably rose.
;

6. X. Brunoniana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5491 ; shrubby, argenteo-canescent, leaves large petioled oblong, racemes close elongated, pods cylindrical
Wall. PI. As. Bar. t. 279.
many-seeded.

Bikma, Mount Prome, Wallich.

Branches long, virgate, terete, slender. Leaves oblong, casually 3-foliolate, firm,
conspicuously veined below, 3-5 in. long, obtuse or subacute stipules deciduous
Bacemes short-pedunclec copious, reaching 4-5 in. long. Calyx
petioles \-^ in.
in. long teeth short, deltoid.
Corolla in., bright red ;
oblique, argenteo-canescent,
standard thinly canescent. Pod turgid, 2 in. long, thinly canescent, recurved at the tip.
;

Group

2.

Sessiliflorce.

short-peduncled heads.

Leaves odd-pinnate.
short, few-seeded.

Pods

Floicers in dense sessile or

; ;

94?

leguminos^j.

l.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Indigofera.

DC. Prodr. ii. 223; thinly pubescent, riot at all

7. 2. glandulosa, Willd.
argenteo-canescent, leaves distinctly petioled always 3-foliolate, corolla 3-4 times
the calyx, pod l-2-eeded. RoxKFl. Ind. iii. 372 ; Wall. Cat. 5461; W. $ A.
Prodr. 199; Wight Ic. t. 330;' Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58. I. frumentacea,
;

Roxb.

MSS.

Plains of

Western Peninsula and Bundelkund.

Annual, with elongated slender branches clothed when young with spreading hairs.
leaflets oblanceolate,
Stipules setaceous, minute petiole nearly as long as the leaflets
membranous, ^1 in. long, green above, hairs adpressed obscure, pale glaucous with coCalyx -^ in., pubescent
pious distinct black dots below. Heads -1 in. long, sessile.
teeth long, setaceous. Pod brown, finely pubescent, oblong, in. long, the sutures often
dentate, in var. I. Sykesii, Herb. Griff., globose, 1 -seeded.
;

8. X. trig-onelloides, Jaub. fy Sjmch.' Illust. t. 482 ; densely silvery,

leaves distinctly petioled 5-7-foliolate, corolla scarcely exserted, pod linear 3-4I. asperifolia, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. No. 2272.
I. seruginis,
seeded.
Schweinf. Fl. JEthiop. 11.

Plains of Scinde, Stocks. -Distrib. Afghanistan, Abyssinia.

Annual stems csespitose, trailing, much branched, ^1 ft. long.
long leaflets firing alternate, oblanceolate stipules linear ; petiole
Calyx ^
copious, always sessile, round or oblong, 12-20 flowered.

Leaves ^-1

Pod \

Corolla. red.

setaceous.

in.

\|

in.

in.

teeth long,

Heads

in. long, cylindrical, silvery -hoary, torulose.

9. X. esmeaphylla, Linn.; DC.\Prodr. ii. 229; thinly silvery-hoary,

leaves nearly sessile 7-11-foliolate, corolla slightly exserted, pod oblong 2-seeded.
W. # A. Prodr. 199 ; Wight Ic. t.
Roxb. Fl Lid. iii. 376 Wall. Cat. 5444
403 ; Balz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 58. I. osspitosa, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5447.
Hedysarum prostratum, Linn. Mant. i. 102 ; Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 55, fig. 1.
;

Plains of India from the Himalayas (where it ascends to 4000 ft.) to Ceylon and
Distrib. Angola, Malay isles, North Australia.
Annual or biennial. Stems densely csespitose, l-l x ft., trailing, much branched.
Leaves ^1^ in. long leaflets firm, oblanceolate, alternate stipules minute, setaceous.
Heads 12-20-flowered, dense, short-peduncled or sessile. Calyx ~- hi., hoary; teeth
Pod - in. long, cylindrical, thinly hoary.
long, setaceous.

Birma.

Group 3. Digitate. Leaves digitate or nearly so, rarely 1-foliolate, sessile.

Floicers solitary, pedicellate.
10. Z. uniflora, Hamilt. MSS. ; herbaceous, branches
Roxb. Fl. Ind.
pedicels exceding the leaves as long as the pod.
Cat.

5446

W.

Plains of the

8?

A. Prodr. 199

Wight

Ic.

t.

333

Dalz.

very

Gibs.

slender,\

374 Wall.
Bomb. Fl. 58.

iii.

Western Peninsula and Carnatic

Stems herbaceous, very slender, copiously branched, 1-1^ ft. long.

Perennial.
Stipules setaceous, very minute leaflets 3-7, rarely 1 narrow, oblanceolate, subobtuso
or subacute, -# in. long, pale green, membranous, with a few obscure adpressed
Pedicels filiform, f-|- in.
Calyx scarcely
in.
hairs, not always perfectly digitate.
Pod glabrous, straight, linear, |-|- in. long,
Corolla red, in.
teeth long, linear.
;

4-7-seeded.
11. I.

aspalathoides,

Vdhtl

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

231; shrubby, branches

rigid, pedicels as long as the leaves much shorter than the pod.
W. $*
Prodr. 199 ; Wight Ic. t. 332 ; Hook. Ic. t. 188 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl.

woody
A.

Fl. Ind. iii. 371

Wall. Cat. 5445.
I. aspalathifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98
Lespedeza juncea, Wall. Cat.
Aspalathus indicus, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1001.
Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 37.
5743,

58.

Plains of Carnatic and Ceylon.

;'

(J. G.

leguminosje.

L.

Indigofera.']

Baker.)

95

low undershrub, with copiously spreading rigid terete branches and argenteocanescent branchlets. Leaflets 1-5, pale green, with a few obscure adpressed hairs,
Pedicels erecto -patent, ^-\ in.
oblanceolate, T\-| in. long, often complicate.
Calyx
and corolla like that of I. uniflora. Pod straight, glabrous, turgid, in. long. 6-8seeded.

Group

4.

Dissitiflorce.

Leaves odd-pinnate.

short-peduncled racemes.

Flowers few together, in lax

pentaphylla,

DC.

<

Prodr. ii. 230 branches with only a fewspreading deciduous glandless hairs, leaflets 5 obovate, racemes 2-4-flowered,pods
glabrous.
W. A..Prodr. 200 Wight Lc. t. 385, non Burch. I. glabra, Linn.
DC. Prodr. ii. 229. I. fragrans, Retz. DC. Prodr. loc. cit. Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii.
375 ; Wall. Cat. 5452.
12. X.

Linn.

Plains throughout India Proper from the Himalayas to Ceylon.

Distrib.

Trop.

Africa.

Annual, densely caespitose ; branches firm, very slender, a foot or more long.
Leaves short-petioled, f-1 in. long; leaflets opposite, membranous, pale, glaucous
in.
below, with a few adpressed bristly hairs stipules setaceousj persistent. Calyx
Corolla in., bright red.
long teeth long, setaceous.
Pod turgid, straight, |-f in.
long, 8-12-seeded, not at all torulose.
.

13. X.

tenuifolia,

Rottl.

only a few adpressed hairs,

Dalz.

8f

Bomb. Fl.

Gibs.

W. $ A.

Prodr. 200 branches and pod with

7-9 oblanceolate, racemes 3-6-flowered.

leaflets

58.

Plains of the "Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

General habit of /. pentaphylla, which it approaches closely. Leaves f-1 in. long,
short-petioled leaflets opposite, firmer than in the last and much narrower, with
numerous adpressed hairs on both sides stipules setaceous, very minute. Racemes
short-peduncled, equalling or slightly exceeding the leaves.
Calyx and corolla as in
Pod straight, cylindrical, f-1 in. long, 8-lQ-seeded, distinctly tOrulose.
I. pentaphylla.
;

DC. Prodr. ii. 227 ; branches and pod densely

14. X. viscosa, Lamk.
clothed with minute srland-tipped hairs, leaflets 7-9 oblanceolate, racemes 6-12Roxb. FL lnd. iii. 377 W. $ A. Prodr. 200 Wight lc. t. 404
flowered.
Wall Cat. 5451 ; Boiss. PI. Orient, ii. 189. I. glutinosa, Perott. ; DC. Prodr.
DC. Prodr. loc. cit. I. graveolens and glutinosa,
I. lateritia, Willd.
loc. cit.
Roxb. MSS. Galega Colutea, Burm. Fl. 2nd. 172.
;

Plains of India from the Himalayas to Ceylon ; Birma.Distrib. Trop. Africa,

Afghanistan, Malay isles, North Australia.
Branches densely caespitose, 1-3 ft. high, more robust and woody than in the two
last, persistently densely viscous throughout.
Leaves f-l in. long leaflets membranous, opposite, pale green above, very glaucous below, with persistent adpressed
;

stipules setaceous, minute

petiole in. long, viscous like the branches.
Racemes short-peduncled, about as long as the leaves. Calyx and corolla as in the
two last. Pod straight, f-1 in. long, 10-12-seeded, faintly torulose.

bristly hairs

pedicellata, W. $ A. Prodr. 200; branches and pod glabrescent,

3 oblanceolate-oblong, racemes 6-12-flowered.
Wight lc. t. 983.

15. X.
leaflets

Nilghiris and Pulney hills.

Perennial. Branches trailing, firm, very slender, a foot or more long, faintly
pubescent when young. Stipules linear, minute petiole shorter than the leaflets
leaflets firm, ^-^ in. long, with a few adpressed grey hairs on both sides, and black
sessile glands below, the end one subsessile.
Racemes ^-1 in. long, 6-12-flowered;
pedicels 2-3 times the calyx, with distinct linear bracteoles.
Calyx
in., shortly
pubescent teeth long, setaceous. Corolla red, twice the calyx. Pod straight, f-f
in. long, many-seeded, obscurely pubescent at first, not at all torulose.
;

96

leguminoStE.

l.

Group

5.

G. Baker.)

[Indigo/era.

Leaves odd-pinnate. Racemes many-flowered, usually

many-seeded.

Tinctorice.

Pods

peduncled.

(J.

linear, usually

* Leaflets <3-5.

DC. Prodr. \\. 223; suffruticose, "branches and

;
leaves thinly clothed with adpressed hairs, racemes sessile congested, leaflets 3 t^_encL.uce sessile, pod straight glabrescent 6-8-seeded,
Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 59. I. proWight
Sf A. Prodr. 201
;
%
strata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 233 ; Roxb. Hort. Bene/. 98 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 373.
I. multicaulis, DC. Prodr. ii. 223.
I. moluccana, DC. Prodr. ii. 232.
I. canesI. peregrina, DC. Prodr. ii. 224.
cens, Grali. in Wall. Cat. 5448.
I. orixensis,
Roxb. MSS. I. adenophylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5462. I. congesta, Grah. in
trifoliata, Linn.

10. .

membranous

I&tZTl

Wall. Cat. 5471.

Himalayas (ascending to 4000 ft. in Kumaon) to Ceylon, Tenasserim, Heifer.

Distrib. Java, China, Philippines, North Australia.
Stems copiously branched, trailing or ,suberect, 1-2 ft. long, soon
Perennial.
Stipules minute, setaceous
petiole shorter than the leaflets, which are
glabrescent.
always 3, digitate, oblanceolate, |-1 in. long, grey-green above, glaucous below with
6-1
2-flowered,
usually
Racemes
shorter than the petiole.
black dots.
Calyx
in.
Corolla red, 3-4 times the calyx.
Pod deflexed, ^-| in" long,
teeth long, setaceous.
bordered,
the
valves
not
torulose.
acutely
the sutures
;

17. I. vestita, Baker ; suffruticose, branches and leaves densely pubescent, leaflets 3 the end, one sessile, racemes sessile congested, pod straight

pubescent many-seeded.

Western Peninsula

Pulney

hills,

Wight.

Closely allied to the preceding, differing mainly in pubescence.

Branches very
slender, densely csespitose, under a foot long, ascending, clothed like the petioles, and
leaves with short spreading soft brownish hairs. Petiole -f in. ; leaflets crowded,
Racemes as in /. trifoliata. Calyx densely
obovate, soft, thick, obtuse, ^-| in. long.
pubescent, teeth setaceous, plumose. Pod clothed with brown pubescence like that
of the branches.

DC

Prodr. ii. 232 suffruticose, branches and meml.ik X. trita, Linn.jil. ;

branous leave* thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs, leaflets 3 obovate foeend one stalked racemes congested; pod straight tetragonous 6-10-seeded not
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 371 Don Prodr. 245 Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
torulose.
t. 16;
W. # A. Prodr. 204 Wall. Cat. 5449; Wight, Ic. t. 315, 386; Bah.
$ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 60. I. cinerea, Willd. DC. Prodr. ii. 232. I. timoriensis,
I. canescens, LamU.\ DC. Prodr. 224, non Wall.
Willd. DC. Prodr. ii. 223.
DC. Prodr. ii. 232. I. arcuata, Willd. DC. Prodr.
I. hedysaroides, Lamh.
DC. Prodr. ii. 224. I. arniata, Wall. Cat. 5453.
I. rigida, Willd.
ii. 232.
I. Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr. ii. 223.
I.
I. argentea, Wall. Cat. 5455, in part.
I. virgata, DC. Prodr. ii. 224, non Roxb.
ternata, Roxb. MSS.
;

Plains of India from the Himalayas to Ceylon

Birma. Distrib. Trop. Africa,.

North Australia.
An undershruh, 2-3 ft. high, with firm slender branches, soon glabrescent. Stipules
minute, setaceous petiole ^-J in. leaflets always 3, the end one 1-1^ in. long, tho
Racemes 6-12-flowored, usually sessile, seldom over an inch long.
side ones opposite.
Calyx yj-^ in., white-can escent; teeth long, setaceous. Corolla purplish-red, twice the
calyx.
Pod deflexed, f-l in. long, the firm glabrescent valves obtusely keeled.

Malay

isles,

19. X.

subulata, Vahl

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

232

suffruticose,

branches and

leaves thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs, leaflets 5 obovate

the side ones opposite, racemes elongated, pod long recurved 10-15-seeded not

membranous

Indigofera.']
torulose.

I.

l.

leguminosje.

mncronata, Spreng.

(J.

DC.

Prodr.

lloxb. Hort. Beng. 98 ; Fl. Lid. iii. 375

I. scabra, Both ;
t. 387 ; Wall. Cat. 5475.

Thonn.

et

G. Baker.)
ii.

227.

W. # A.
DC. Prodr.

97
flaccida, Kcenig.

I.

Prodr. 204
Wight Ic.
ii. 229.
I. Thonningii,
;

Schum. PI. Guin. 366.

Plains of the

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Distrib.

Trop. Africa, Trop.

America.

Habit and leaflets of /. trita, from which, it differs in racemes, leaves and pod.
Branches -woody, virgate, soon glabrescent. Leaflets thin, glabrescent above, pale
below with a few adpressed grey hairs, always 5 on the leaves of the main branches,
%-l in. long. Peduncles 1-2 in. long; racemes 20-40-flowered, reaching 4-6 in. long.
Calyx
in.
Corolla lilac, 2-3 times the calyx.
teeth setaceous.
Pod 1-2 in. long,
subtetragonal from the raised keel of the valves.

20. X. marg-izmlata, GraJi. in Wall. Cat. 5467 ; suffruticose, branches

.and membranous leaves thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs, leaflets 5
opposite obovate, racemes elongated, pod straight turgid 5-6-seeded.
W. $ A.

Prodr. 204.

Concan, Stocks Dindygul hills, in the Carnatic, Wight.

General habit of I. subulata, from which it scarcely differs, except in pod. Leaflets
the same in shape, size, and vestiture. Racemes lax, short-peduncled, 2-3 in. long,
exceeding the leaves. Pods deflexed, f-1 in. long, clothed with minute adpressed
deciduous grey hairs, the valves broadly rounded.
;

suffruticose, branches and membranous

21. S. angulosa, Edgeiv. MSS.
leaves thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs, leaflets opposite 5 oblong,
racemes elongated, pod short moniliform 1-3-seeded. I. subulata var. angulosa,
Eclgeio. in Linn. Journ. ix. 311.
;

Bundelkund, Edgeworth.

General habit, leaves and flowers of the two preceding. Leaflets 1-1^ ini long,
pale grey-green.
Racemes peduncled, 30-50 -flowered, reaching 4-6 in. long, much
exceeding the leaves. Pod - in. long, deeply constricted between the seeds, with
a beak which is gradually narrowed into the style.
[+
22. S. pauclfolia, Delile; DC. Prodr. ii. 224; shrubby, branched and
subcoriaceous leaves ar^enteo-canescent, leaflets 3-5 alternate, pods 6-8-seeded
torulose recurved.
W. f A. Prodr. 201 Wight Ic. t. 331
Wall. Cat. 5454
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 59 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 190. I. argentea, Boxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 374
Wall. Cat. 5455, ex parte, non Linn.
I. heterophvlla,
;

Boxb. MSS.
Plains from. Scinde and the

Upper Ganges

to

Ceylon.

Distrib.

Java, Beloo-

chistan, Arabia, Trop. Africa.

shrub reaching 4-6 ft. high, with copious woody branches. Leaflets firm, oblanceolate-oblong, .^-1 in. long, sometimes solitary on the branches petiole short, but
distinct.
Calyx
Racemes short-peduncled, 20-50-flowered, reaching 3-4 in. long.
silvery,
teeth lanceolate-cuspidate, as long as the tube.
Corolla red, 3-4 timts
fa in.
the calyx, thinly silvery externally. Pod ^~f in. long, glaucous, distinctly torulose.
;

** Leaflets many,

ojoposite (except I.

endecaphglld)

flowers small.

23. S. parvifiora, Ilegne; herbaceous, thinly argenteo-canescent, leaflets

linear or narrow oblanceolate opposite pod long glabrescent 15-20Wall. Cat. 5457; W. # A. Prodr. 201. I.
seeded recurved at the tip.
linearis, Guill. & Per. Fl. Sencg. 184.
Indigastrum deiiexum, Jaub. $ Spach.

7-9

492.
VOL. II.

III. t.

98

L.

G. Baker.)

[Indigofera*

Peninsula. Distrib.

Arabia, Trop. Africa,

leguminosje.

Plains of the Carnatic and

West

(J.

N. Australia.

subereet copiously-branched annual, 1-2 ft. high, with slender finely canescent
stems. Leaves short-petioled, l|-2 in. long leaflets membranous, -1 in. long, obtuse
Bacemes constipules minuto, setaceous.
or subacute, thinly argenteo-canescent
in.
teeth linear, long. Corolla
Calyx
gested, sessile, --1 in. long, 6-12-flowered.
Pod 1-1 in. long, finely canescent when young.
lilac, 2-3 times the calyx.
;

24. X. endecapliylla, Jacq. Ic. t. 570 ; herbaceous, stem and leaves with
only a few adpressed hairs, leaflets 6-9 oblanceolate alternate, pod straight
Bat. Reg. t. 789. I. pusilla,
jrlabrescent 6-10-seeded. DC. Prodr. ii. 228
Lamk. DC. Prodr. ii. 229 ? I. Kleinii, W. # A. Prodr. 204. I. debilis, Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5466. I. anceps, Vahl. ; Poir. Diet. Suppl. iii. 147. I. Schiniperiana, HocJist. in Schimp. PL Abyss. No. 866.
;

Plains of the

Western Peninsula.

Birma,

Wallich.

Distrib.

Cape, Trop.

Africa, Siam, China.

An annual or biennial, with trailing stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves nearly sessile, 1-3
in. long; leaflets membranous, obtuse, -^ in. long, with a few adpressed grey hairs ;
stipules :}-g- in., lanceolate, acuminate. Bacemes close, usually peduncled, 1-4 in. long.
Calyx j,^ in. teeth setaceous, long. Corolla violet-purple,, twice the calyx. Pods.
If Lamarck's name belong here it has priority.
deflexed, -1 in. long.
;

25. S hiTBUta. Linn.-. DC. Prodr. ii. 228; herbaceous, stems densely
clothed with f?j v: spreading pubescence, leaflets 5-11 opposite large obovate,
Wall. Cat. 5450 ; W. A. Prodr.
pod short straight pubescent 6-8-seeded.
204 ; Rpxb. Fl. hid. iii. 376 Jacq. Ic. t. 569 Hook. Comp. Bot. May. t. 24.
I. femiginea, Schum. fy Thonn. PI. Guin.
I. fusca, Q. %)on, Gen. Syst. ii. 211.
370rIi>iecde Ilori. Mai. ix. t. 30.
;

Piatns-frpin the Himalayas (ascending to 4500 ft. in Xumaon) to Ceylon, Ava,

Distkib. Trop. Africa, Trop. America, Java, Philippines, N.

and Tenasserim.

* Australia.

Annual or biennial, subereet, reaching 2-4 ft. high, the pubescence grey or brown.
Leaves shbrt-petioled, 2-5 in. long leaflets membranous, grey-green, glaucous below,.
reaching 1-2 in. long, densely coated with adpressed hairs; stipules setaceous,
Calyx in., densely
plumose. Bacemes short-peduncled, very dense, 2-6 in. long.
Corolla red, not much exserted. Pod
pubescent teeth setaceous, long, plumose.
densely clothed like the branches.
^--J in. long,
;

26. X. semitarijugra,' Forsk.; DC. Prodr. ii. 230; suffruticose, densely

argenteo-canescent, leaflets opposite small obovate 5-9, pod linear straight 4-6seeded not torulose.

Distrib. Arabia, Egypt, Abyssinia.

Leaves under 1 in. long
low shrub, diffusely branched from the base.
subcoriaceous,
sometimes emarginate
stipules
leaflets obtuse, - in. long,
minute, setaceous. Bacemes laxly 6-12-flowered, short-peduncled, usually exceeding
in., canescent
teeth linear-lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Calyx
the leaves.
Corolla twice the calyx, thinly silvery externally. Pod ^ in. long, turgid, canescent.

Plains of Scinde, Stocks.

27. X. arg'entea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 224; shrubby, densely argenteoLPIer.
canescent, leaflets large obovate, pod reflexed 3-4-seeded torulose.
I. glauca, Lamk.
Stirp. t. 79 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 190, non Ro.rb. nee Wall.
Diet.

iii.

non Linn.

246.

I.

articulata,

Gouan

III.

49.

I. tinctoria,

Forsk. Egypt. 138,


Indigofera.']

l.

;;

Baker.)

(J. G.

leguminos^:.

99

Plains of Scinde, Stocks. Distrib.

Arabia, Egypt, Abyssinia.

shrub several feet high, with sulcate woody branches. Leaves 1-2 in. long
petiole ^ in.
leaflets opposite, subcoriaceous, persistently argenteous,, ^-1 in. long
Racemes subsessile, 12-20-flowered, shorter than the
stipules minute, setaceous.
in.,
carapanulate,
argenteous
Calyx
teeth
leaves, ^-1 in. long whilst in flower.
deltoid, cuspidate, as long as tube. Corolla, in., reddish-yellow, externally canescent.

^Pod -|

in.

by

in.,

at first argenteous, finally glabrescent, distinctly torulose.

ctsrulea; leaves 2-3 in. long, leaflets 7-9 less argenteous than in the
I.
racemes more elongated 1-2 in. long, pod less decidedly torulose.
cserulea, Roxb. Fl. 2nd. iii. 377
W. $ A. Prodr. 203 Wt. Ic. t. 366 Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 59. I. retusa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5476. I. brachycarpa, Grah. in Wall.
Plains of Banda and
Cat. 5470.
I. tinctoria, var. brachycarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. 224.
the "Western Peninsula.

Vae.

type,

tmctoria,

Linn.; DC. Prodr.

ii.
224 (excl. var. (3) shrubby,
9-13 large obovate-oblong, pod nearlyWall. Cat. 5474 j
straight 8-12-seeded not torulose. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 379
W. Sf A. Prodr. 202 Wt. Ic. t. 365 Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 59 Brand.

3.

2,8.

argenteo-cane^eent,

faintly

leaflets

For. Fl. 135. I. indiea, Lamk. Diet. iii. 245.

ii. 317, t. 148 Rheecle Sort. Mai. i. t. 54.

The

universally cultivated indigo.

Whether

it

I.

surnatrana, Gaertn. Fruct.

be truly wild

is

doubtful.

ft. high, with twiggy woody thinly silvery Ranches.

Leaves 1-2 in.
opposite, membranous, turning blackish
dried petiole i-1 in.
2-4
nearly
sessile,
in.
long.
Calyx
in.,
as
Racemes lax,
silver^kteeth
long as the
Pod f-1 in. long,
hL thick, glabrescent,
tube.
Corolla ^- in., reddish-yellow.
1. Anil, Linn.
DC. Prodr. ii. 225, also commonly cultiscarcely at all recurved.
vated, a native of America, differs by its short congested racemes and pod turned
.back like a sickle. I. flaccid a var. consiricta, Thwaites Enuni. 411,'taom Ceylon,
It has the habit and
is probably a distinct species, but the flowers are unknown.
leaves of 2. tinctoria, with a slender tetraquetrous subtorulose 4-6-seeded pod.

long

shrub 4-6

wML

leaflets

29. X. Wi^htii, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5458 ; shrubby, densely arge'

canescent, leaflets 11-21 small oblanceolate, pod linear straight 8-12-se^
not torulose.
W. % A. Prodr. 202 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 59. I. foliol
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5485. I. polyphylla, Bottler MSS. non Heyne nee DC.
I. inamcena, Thwaites Enum. 83.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

low shrub, with numerous erecto-patent silvery woody branches. Leaves
leaflets opposite, rigidly subcoriaceous, persistently
short-petioled, 1^-2 in. long

silvery, obtuse,

^ \

silvery;

teeth linear,
externally canescent.

Racemes

sessile,

as long as the tube.

Pod

*** Leajlets many, opposite (except

30. X.

cylindracea,

leaflets small

Calyx
in.,
dense, 1-1^- in. long.
Corolla yellowish red, - in. long,
1-1
turgid, straight, finely canescent,
in. long.

in. long.

Wall.

Dosua)

I.

Jlotvers large for the genus.

5482;

shrubby, branches glabrous,

stipellte

and bracts minute, pedicels

Cat.

oblong obscurely hispid,

elongated.

Nepal, Wallich.

An

shrubby perennial, with slender woody erecto-patent branches. Leaves

short-petioled, 1^-2 in. long
leaflets membranous, opposite, obtuse, green above, pale
below, - in. long, both sides with a few short adpressed hairs. Racemes very lax,
erect

h2

100

l.

leguminos;e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Indigofera.

short-peduncled, finally 3-4 in. long; pedicels J~i in.

Calyx oblique,
in.
teeth
short.
Corolla ^ in. long, pale red.
Pod straight, glabrescent, turgid, \h-\% in.
long, 8-10-seeded.
31. I.

leptostachya, DC.

Prodr.

leaflets middle-sized oblanceolate-oblong

ii.

225? shrubby, branches

13-19 obscurely hispid,

glabrous,

stipellae

minute,

pedicels short, bracts 0.

Khasia and Sikkim, temperate

zone,

5-8000

ft.,

H. f.

T.

An erect shrub, reaching 10 ft. high, with slender twiggy branches, thinly silky
only when young. Leaves short-petioled, 3-4 in. long leaflets membranous, opposite,
t| 1 in. long, green above, glaucous below, nearly glabrescent.
Peduncles reaching
1-2 in. racemes lax, finally 2-3 in. long pedicels not much longer than the calyx.
Calyx ^ in., finely brown-silky teeth short, deltoid. Corolla - in., pale red, canescent externally. Pod glabrous, straight, 1-1^ in. long, 6-8-seeded, turgid, with narrow
sutures.
The Candollean synonym may not unlikely belong to a form of I. jpidchclla.
;

32. X. G-erardiana, Wall. Cat. 5486 ; shrubby, branchlets argenteocanescent, leaflets small oblanceolate-oblong 9-17, stipellae and bracts minute.

to

Temperate and subtropical Western Himalaya

Kumaon, alt. 2-10,000 ft. Distrib. Afghanistan.

common, from the Saltrange

low copiously-branched shrub, the branchlets distinctly argenteo-eanesLeaves short-petioled, 1-2 in. long; leaflets subcoriaceous, -i in. long,
opposite, pale grey-gr eejfe. thinly clothed with short white bristles above, glaucous and
thinly argenteo-canesjmt below, obtuse, often emarginate. Racemes distinctly peduneled, 1-2 in. Ionfljp2-20-flowered
pedicels very short.
Calyx obliquely cam
Corolla |- in., pale re<i.
panulate, argcnteousf
in. Long; teeth deltoid-cuspidate.
externally.
Pod 1^-2 in. long, subcylindrical, glabrous, 6-10-seeded;
cent.

)W.

corolla and pod

ntha
leaflets more numerous 1 7-25 smaller,
jS&rmer, in., the latter t-l in. long. I. heterantha. Wall. Cat.
5480 -4.7;.C. ex parte. Brand. For. Fl. 135. I. Dosua, Wall. Cat. 5481 B. Bot.
J
r
i.
I. quadrangular is,
)7. non^Hamilt.
I. virgata, Boxb, Fl. hid. iii. 383?
^KmVall. Cat. 5483. I. polyphylla, DC. Prodr. 227 ? Temperate and sub^P?al Himalayas, as far east as.Khasia- and Bhotan, ascending to 8000 ft.
Rtrib. Afghanistan.
;

X. ^aT.espoi&es, DC. Prodr. ii. 225; shrubby, branches glabrescent,

I. uncinata, Roxh.
1-rje i:i on <r 11-25, stipellte and bracts minute.
Fl. Lad, iii. 382 'Well. Cat. 5472.
I. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 5488.
I.
Zollingeriana, Miq. Flor. Lid. Bat.i. 310?
<

Distrib.
Tropical zone; Khapja nnd Mergui to Ceylox, Malacca and Siam.
isles, Philippines, S. China.
tall shrub, with twiggy woody brandies, thinly coated with adpressed hairs at
Leaves distinctly petioled, ^1 ft. long; leaflets opposite, membranous, usually
first.
obtuse, 1-H or 2 in. long, grgen above, glaucous below, the hairs short, adpressed, quite
obscure. Racemes short-peduncled, very dense, 2-3 in. long, not lengthened in fruit.
Corolla pale red, - in., finely
canescent; teeth short, deltoid.
in.,
Calyx
eanescent externally. Pods glabrous, the longest of the genus, 2| 3 in. long, subeylindrical, straight, 15-18-seeded, beaked.

Malay

34. X. bracteata, Grali. in Wall. Cat. 5477; suffruticose, branches

glabrescent, leaves middle-sized oblanceolate-oblong 7-17, stipellaB and bracts
large.
Kitasia. 5-6000 ft., Hook. fit. Sc Thomson; Nipal,
form from Kashmir, 5-6000 ft., Thomson.

Wallich';

and an exstipellate

Indigo/era.]

l.

leguminos^.

(J. G.

Baker.)

101

low shrub, with copious slender trailing branches with a few adpressed hairs
leaflets opposite, membranous,
Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-4 in., long.
at first.
stipella*
-V-l in. long, obtuse, pale green above, glaucous beneath, nearly glabrous
Peduncles reaching 2-3 in., bearing a close short raceme,
setaceous, i in. long.
Calyx pj<n.,
bracts herbaceous, boat-shaped, with a cusp, enfolding the buds.
campanulate, obscurely hairy; teeth deltoid. Corolla in. long, pale red. Pod
linear, glabrous, not seen mature.
;

35. I. atropurpurea, Uamilt.; DC. Prodr. ii. 225; shrubby, "branches

glabrescent, leaflets large oblong 11-17, stipellEe minute, bracts lanceolate
acuminate exceeding the buds.
Don Prodr. 244 ; Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 881
Wall. Cat. 54G3 ; Wight Ic. t. 369 ; Brand. For. Fl. 136 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3065 ;
Bot. Beg. t. 1744. I. Hamiltonii, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5465.

Tropical and temperate zones, through the Himalayas, from Hazara and the
to Khasia, reaching 9000 ft.
tall shrub, with twiggy woody branches, only thinly coated with adpressed hairs
Leaves reaching 6-9 in. long leaflets opposite, membranous, obtuse, usually
at first.
1-1 \ in. long, green above, pale green below, glabrescent petiole 1-2 in. Racemes
short-peduncled, long and narrow, 4-8 in. long, dense upwards ; bracts \ in., subperin.,
Calyx
sistent, narrowed gradually into a long point
pedicels very short.
obliquely campanulate teeth short, deltoid.
Corolla \-^ in., a much darker deeper
red than in any of the others. Pod linear, turgid, 11^ in. long, glabrous, 6-10seeded, not at all reflexed or narrowed into a beak.

Punjab

v
Z.

36.

hebepetala,

MSS.

Benth.

oblong 13-17 membranous,

cuspidate exceeding the buds.

leaflets large

shrubby,

branches

glabrescent,.

boat-shaped

stipellEe distinct, bracts

'

Himalayas, from Kashmir to Sikkim, 6-15,000 ft.

shrub, with twiggy woody branches, only thinly coated with adpressed hairs
in the young state. Leaves 4-6 in. long leaflets opposite, membranous, obtuse, usually
'

A tall

1-H

much

smaller in a subalpine form, dull green above, pale but scarcely

glaucous below, with a few short adpressed bristly hairs on both sides. Racemes
peduncled, 2-4 in. long, laxly 12-20-flowered pedicels and calyx as in the last bracts
more deciduous, enclosing the buds, with a setaceous tip protruding beyond them.
Corolla in. deep, a much lighter and more crimson red than in 1. atropurpurea,
glabrous externally, the keel in. deep. Pod glabrous, turgid, straight, H-2 in. long,
8-10-seeded.
in. long,

37. I. pulchella, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 57; Fl. Ind. iii. 382; shrubby,
branches obscurely hispid, leaflets large obovate-oblong 13-17 subcoriaceous,
stipellae abortive or very minute, bracts exceeding the buds.
W. 8f A. Prodr.
203 ; Wight Ic. t. 367 Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb: Fl. 60 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 85 ? Anal.
Gen. t. 12, fig. 1. I. purpurascens, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 383. I. cassioides,
BoKler DC. Prodr. ii. 225 Wall. Cat. 5468. I. verrucosa, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5469.
I. glaucescens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5484.
I. elliptica, Boxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 380. I. violacea, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 380
Wall. Cat. 5479 Bot. Mag.
Wight Ic. t.
t. 3348.
I. arborea, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 381
Wall. Cat. 5478
368. I. Jirahulia, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. 5464.
I. Gibsonii, Grah. Cat. Bomb.
;

PL

46.

Throughout the Himalayas and hills of India proper, ascending to 5000 ft. in
Ktjmaox.
A shrub 4-6 feet high, the trunk reaching the thickness of a man's leg. Branches
Leaves
first, soon glabrescent.
long; leaflets opposite, firmer in texture than its allies,
obtuse, often emarginate, usually f-1 in. long, pale green above, glaucous below, thinly

sulcate, thinly coated

short-petioled,

3-6

with grey adpressed hairs at

in.

102

L.

LEGUMINOS2E.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Indigofera.

coated -with short adpressed grey hairs. Racemes short-peduneled, moderately close,
1-3 in. long pedicels short bracts exceeding the buds, usually boat-shaped with a
teeth short deltoid.
Corolla bright
cusp.
Calyx j~ in. long, argenteo-canescent
red, glabrous externally, the largest of all the species, generally f-i in., reaching
3-| in. long, the standard in. broad, reflexed in the expanded flower. Pod straight,
turgid, gl abrou s, Ij-lf in. long, 8-12-seeded, the sutures broader than in the
"""""
preceding.
;

'

DC. Prodr. ii. 225 ; shrubby, branches densely

38. X. Dosua, Hamilt.
pubescent, leaflets small linear-oblong 21-31, stipellse abortive, bracts exceeding
the buds. Don Prodr. 244 Wall. Cat. 5481 A, non B, nee Bot. Req. 28, t. 57.
I. virgata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 383 ?
I. keterantha, Wall. Cat. 5480 C, ex parte.
;

Temperate Central and East Himalayas Simla to Bhotan and Assam,

6-8000 ft.
A low shrub, with woody branches, clothed with short spreading grey or
brownish pubescence. Leaves subsessile, 1-3 in. long; leaflets usually opposite, membranous, obtuse, \-^ in. long, dull green above, glaucous below, more or less densely
pubescent. Racemes distinctly peduncled, moderately close, 1-3 in. long bracts in.
Calyx
in., densely silky
long, lanceolate-cuspidate, silky pedicels very short.
;

teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla bright red, glabrous, -|- in.

1-1|- in. long, 8-12-seeded, with very broad sutures.

Pod

straight, glabrescent,

clothed with dense brown silky pubescence, leaves

41-51 often subaciite and 1 in. long, racemes longer, bracts
I. tomentosa, Grah. in
Wall.
densely brown-velvety, with a very long") cusp.

Var. tomentosa

6-9

in.

branches

long, leaflets

Cat. 5487.

stachyodes, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1843,

I.

Bhotan, 1-5000

Group

t.

14.Khasia, Sikkim,

Silhet,

ft.

6. Paniculatce.

Leaves odd-pinnate.

Flowers inpanicled racemes.

39. I. mysorensis, Rottl. DC. Prodr. ii. 222

Prodr. 202. I. polyphylla, Heyne MSS., non. DC.
;

Wall. Cat. 5459

W. $ A.

Plains of the Carnatic, Heyne.

low erect copiously-branched shmb, the young stems slender, clothed with
short spreading grey pubescence. Leaves sessile, of the main branches 1-3 in. long
leaflets 11-21, oblong, membranous, opposite, f-j in. long, thinly clothed on both
sides with adpressed grey hairs stipules setaceous, ^ in., persistent.
Racemes lax,
elong%ted, more or less panicled, each flower subtended by a bract just like the leaflets,
and the branches furnished low down with 3-5-foliolate leaves. Calyx in. teeth
Corolla red, glabrous, twice the calyx. Pod linear-cylindrical,
lanceolate, very long.
straight, - in. long, 4-C-seeded, finely pubescent.

Subgex.

4.

Amecarpus,

Pod linear, unarmed,

Benth.

Ovary with, at

least

two

ovules.

flattened.

I. Hochstetteri, Baker
40. X. anabaptista, Steud. Norn. edit. 2, 805.
in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Africa, ii. 101. I. ornithopodioides, Hochst. et Steud. in
Schimp. Hb. Arab. No. 7G9 Jaub. et Sjmch HI. PI. Orient, t. 480 ; Boiss.
;

Fl. Orient,

ii.

188, non Schum.

Thonn.

et

Plains of Scinde and the Punjab. Distrib. Afghanistan, Arabia, Nile-country.

diffuse annual, with stems 1 ft. or more long, thinly clothed with adpressed
white hairs. Leaves short-petioled leaflets 3-7, opposite, oblanceolate |-1 in. long.
Racemes short-peduncled, closely 12-20 -flowered, under an inch long. Calyx in.,
Corolla scarcely exserted. Pod linear, reflexed,
argenteo-canescent teeth setaceous.

-|

in.

long, 6-8-seeded.

Fsoralea."]

l.

leguminos^.
18.

(J.

G. Baker.)

PSOE&LEA,

103

Linn.

Herbs or

Leaves simple or odd-pinnate, conspicuously

undershrubs.
Corolla little exgland-dotted.
Calyx-tuhe campanulate teetli 5, distinct.
serted; petals all with distinct claws; keel obtuse, the tip slightly incurved.
Upper stamen free or connate, the tube in an early stage often closed anthers
Ovary sessile or short-stalked, ovulate ;
small, uniform or slightly dimorphous.
Pod ovoid or oblong,
style long, filiform, incurved, stigma minute, terminal.
Distrib. Species
1-seeded, indehiscent, the pericarp adhering to the seed.
about 100, mainly Cape and N. American.
;

1. P. cprylifolia, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 218; herbaceous, leaves simple,

racemes dense short. Burm. Fl. Ind. 172, t. 49, fig. 2 Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 387 ;
Wall. Cat. 5351 ; TV. $ A. Prodr. 198 ; Bot. Mag. t. 665 Date. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 60.
Trifolimn unifolium, Forsk. Flor. Mjypt. Arab. 130 ; Burm. Fl. Ind.
;

t.

49.

Plains from the Himalayas through India proper to Ceylon.

erect annual, 1-3 ft. high.
Branches firm, conspicuously gland-dotted. Leaves
distinctly petioled, roundish, 1-3 in. long, inciso-repand, firm in texture, both sides
conspicuously dotted with black dots, nearly glabrescent. Flowers 10-30 in dense
copious long-pcduncled heads.
Calyx nearly sessile, in. teeth lanceolate, long, the
lowest longest. Corolla yellow, little exserted. Bod small, black, subglobose," glabrous.

An

2.

P. plicata,

racemes lax elongated.

Delile ; DC. Prodr. ii. 221 ; shrubby, leaves trifoliolate,

Delile, Egypt, t. 37, fig. 3.

Plains of the Punjab, Tliomson, Edgeworth, Stewart. Distrib. Arabia, Egypt,

Trop. Africa.
A low copiously-branched shrub, the stems obscurely argenteo-canescent, verrucose, the denuded branchlets subspinescent.
Leaves short-petioled
leaflets subcoriaceous, dull green, oblanceolate, obtuse, repand, gland-dotted below only, reaching
^-1 in. long, the end one largest, the side ones oblique. Racemes short-peduncled,
2-3 in. long; lower flowers in distant fascicles; bracts ovate, very minute. Calyx
^ in., clothed with adpressed white hairs, accrescent, clasping tightly the included
pod teeth short, the lowest longest. Corolla yellow, slightly exserted.
;

19.

COLUTEA,

Linn.

Shrubs with odd-pinnate leaves and showy yellow flowers in sparse copiCalyx campanulate, with 5 short teeth.
Corolla much
ous axillary racemes.
exserted standard round, fixed in its place by two basal callosities keel, broad,
much incurved, not beaked. Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary stipitate, linear, go -ovulate ; style filiform, much incurved, bearded along the inner
side, stigma large oblique. Pod large, membranous, inflated, continuous within,
nearly or quite indehiscent.
Distkib. Species 3 or 4, spread through South
*

Europe and Temperate Asia.

1.

Mag.

FL

G. arborescens, Linn. var. nepalexsis. O. nepalensis, Sims Bot.

2622 Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1727 Benth. in Royle III. 198 Brand. For.

t.

136.

Temperate West Himalaya, Kunawar, Tibet, Nipal, &c, alt. 8-11,000 ft.
Distrib. Orient, S. Europe.
subglabrous shrub, G-10 ft. high. Leaflets 9-13, obovate, pale green, -^ in.
Racemes as long as the
long, often emarginate, obscurely silky in the young state.
leaves, laxly 3-4-flowered. Calyx |- in. Corolla bright yellow, f in. long ; standard
Pod %-2 in. long, faintly
furnished at the base with two nipple-shaped papillae.
downy when young, splitting at the tip before ripening.


104

l.

20.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

30L2LETTIA,

Wt. & Arn.

'

[Millettia.

Trees or large shrubs, usually climbers. Leaves odd-pinnate. Floicers showy,

in axillary racemes, often fascicled, simple or paniculate and terminal.
Calyx
Corolla much exserted ;
campanulate teeth, generally short or nearly obsolete.
Stamens monadelpetals with long claws ; standard broad ; keel not beaked.
phous or diadelphous, filaments filiform ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, linear,
few-ovuled ^ style filiform, incurved, glabrous, stigma capitate. Pod linear or
oblong, 1- or few-seeded, flat or turgid, late in dehiscing or hardly dehiscent.
Distrib. Species 40-50, spread through the tropics of the Old World.
;

Stjbgex.

1.

Euxnillettia.

Stamens

Standard not auricled at the base.

monadelphous or diadelphous.

* Leaves lustrous beneath, with thin silky pubescence.

leaflets 7-9 coriaceous obovate-ob1. 3iX. sericea, W. fy A. Prodr. 263
long cuspidate exstipellaf e sericeous below, standard densely silky on the back,
stamens monadelphous, pod linear velvety. Benth. PI. Jung. 248.
Pongamia
sericea, Vent. DC. Prodr. ii. 41G. Dalbergia angustifolia, Hassle. PL Jav. Par.
;

399.
Forests

of

Birma, .Malacca,

Penang,

and

Singapore.

Distrib.

Malay

Islands.

A woody climber,

the branchlets covered with fine short brown pubescence. Leaves

6-9 in. long, shining and glabrous above, on petiolules
^f in. long; pubescence beneath grey or pale brown. Bacem.es lateral, 6-9 in. long,
the lower nodes with very short branches, bearing dense fascicles of pedicellate flowers.
Corolla |-^- in., reddish, very silky.
Pod
Calyx in., silky, scarcely toothed.
4-5 in. long, densely coated with thick dark brown velvet*
1 ft.

or

more long

leaflets

2. X&. rubig*mosa 5 TV. # A. Prodr. 263 leaflets 5-7 coriaceous obovateoblong cuspidate stipellate sericeous beneath, standard densely silky on the back,
Wight Lc. t. 207.
stamens diadelphous, pod oblong glabrescent.
;

in. the Carnatic near Courtallum, Wight.

Habit of the preceding, the branchlets and underside of the leaves coated with
persistent shining yellowish-brown silky down.
Leaflets 4-8 in. long, not shining,
when young sericeous also above stipelbe obscure petiolules ^| in. long. Bacemes
nearly as long as the leaves, most of the nodes bearing short branchlets, on the tip of
which the flowers are fascicled. Calyx campanulate, silky, ^ in., short-pedicelled.
Pod 2-3 in. long, sublignose, 2-3-seeded,
Corolla reddish, ^ in., densely silky.

Hills

'

when young densely

velvety.

M.

3.
splendens, W. A. Prodr. 263 ; leaflets 7-9 coriaceous oblanceolate-oblong cuspidate stipellate sericeous below, standard densely silky on the
back, stamens diadelphous.

Tropical forests of the- Nilghiris and Anamaixay hills.

Habit and inflorescence of the two preceding, the branchlets and leaves beneath
coated persistently with white or yellowish-brown shining short silky hairs. Leaflets
6-9 in. long, opaque, glabrous above 6tipellse setaceous petiolules %$ in. Bacemes
shorter than the leaves, the nearly sessile flowers densely fascicled at the end of short
branchlets. Calyx ^ in., densely silky, with a pair of small ovate bracteoles. Corolla
Ovary linear, densely silky, 4-5 ovulate. Pod not seen.
reddish, \ in. long.
;

** Leaves opaque, pubescent beneath.

4.

M.

pulchra,

Benth.

MSS.

leaflets

small 15-19 scarcely subcoria-


Millettia.']

l.

leguminos;e.

Baker.)

(J. G.

105

ceous oblanceolate-oblong acute stipellate slightly silky below, standard glabrous

on the back, stamens nionadelphous, pod glabrous linear rigidly coriaceous

flat

Mundulea pulchra, Benth. PI. Jung. 248. Teplirosia pulchra, Coleb. in

Wall. Cat. 5630. Pongamia cassioides, Wall. Cat. 5918. Dalbergia tephrosioides,.
W. $ A. Prodr. 210.

smooth.

Forests of Khasia, Assam, Silhet, Ava s> and Birma, ascending to 4000 ft.
Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 1208 ?
An erect tree, with the branches and leaves below thinly clothed with opaque greyish
silkish pubescence.
Leaves and leaflets the smallest of all the species, the former
not more than 2-5 in. long, green and pubescent above petiolules very short and
stipellae minute. Eacemes copious, shorter than the leaves, the flowers fascicled, shortly
peduncled from the main rachis. Calyx ^ in., scarcely toothed. Corolla reddish, -
in. Pod 2-4 in long, ^ in. broad, 1-4-seeded.
;

racemosa, Benth. PI. Jung. 249; leaflets 13-15 scarcely subcoriaobovateroblong acute distinctly stipellate slightly downy beneath, standard
glabrous on the back, stamens' diadelphous, pod coriaceous glabrous torulose.
Tephrosia racemosa, W. Sf A. Prodr. 210 ? Kobinia racemosa, Roxb. Fl. 2nd.
iii. 329 ?
Pongamia racemosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5914. Wisteria pallida,
Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 61. W. racemosa, Dalz. Gibs. loc. cit. Pongamia
Corcor, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5891 ? Millettia pallida, Dalz. in Linn. Journ.
5. 2RE.

ceoiis

xiii.

187.

Tropical forests of the

Coxcan and

Orissa.

A woody

climber, with thinly silky branches.

Leaves reaching 1 ft. long ; leaflets
2-3 in. long, scarcely more than membranous, glabrous above, obscurely silky or glabrescent below petiolules short, with large setaceous stipellse. Eacemes copiously panicled, the flowers not fascicled on short branchlets, but close shortly pedicellate on
the main rachis ; bracts exceeding the buds, setaceous, deciduous. Calyx p- in., densely
silky.
Corolla | in., whitish. Pod linear, narrow, ^ ft. long, 4-5-seeded.
Koxburgh's plant, which inhabits the forests of Orissa, may be distinct.
As
figured in his set of unpublished plates it has red flowers and much smaller bracts.
;

6. 1H. pendula, Benth. PI. Jung. 250

leaflets 7 obovate-oblong cuspidate membranous exstipellate closely silky beneath, standard glabrous, pod flat
woody glabrous. Pongamia pendula, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5902. Millettia
leucantha, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 68.
;

Ava, Prome

Wallich Birjia, forests of Pegu, McLelland, Kurz.

with thinly silky branchlets, and leaves 4 ft. long. Leaflets thin,
flexible, 2-3 in. long, dull green, thinly silky above, when mature densely clothed with
adpressed grey silky pubescence below, the lowest as long as broad petiolules under
\ in. Flowers in short dense racemes in the axils of the leaves pedicels densely
fascicled, - in.
Calyx -| in., shortly grey-silky teeth deltoid, shorter than the
tube. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Pod oblong, 3-o in. long, 1^ in. broad, tubercled,

An

hills,

erect tree,

1-3-seeded.
7.
VfK. cana, Benth. PI. Jung. 250; leaflets 7 obovate-oblong rather
obtuse coriaceous exstipellate thinly matted with adpressed grey hairs beneath,
standard glabrous, pod flat rigidly coriaceous obscurely grey-canescent. Pongamia cana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5903.

Ava;

banks- of the Irrawaddi at Yenanghuen, Wallich.

Climber, with grey pubescent branches and leaf-rachis, the latter ft. long. Side
leaflets oblong, 2^-3 in. long, the end one obovate
upper surface glabrous, rather
shining petiolules ^ in. Buds densely crowded pedicels very short bracts lanceolate, silky, as long as the calyx.
Calyx minute, densely brown-sericeous teeth deltoid/ half as long as the tube.
Pod dehiscing early for the genus, 2-3 by f- in.
;


106

L.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Millettia.

8. XIX. tetraptera, Kurt in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 69 leaflets 7

subcoriaceous obovate-oblong exstipellate at first densely softly pubescent on
both sides, standard glabrous, stamens monadelphous, pod glabrous indehiscent
with each suture produced into a broad hard horizontal wing on both sides.
Pongamia tetraptera, Hort. Calc. Legum. indeterni., Wall. Cat. 5976.
;

Birma

An

forests of Pegu, &c. Wallich, Griffith, Kurz.

;
erect tree, with branchlets clothed with dense drab-brown short pubescence.

Leaflets obtuse,

3-4

in. long, flexible

rigid and glabrescent

when mature

and densely soft-pubescent at first, but becoming

Flowers in short close
petiolules under \ in.

Calyx
nearly sessile racemes in the axils of the leaves ; pedicles fascicled, i-^ in.
Corolla pale blue. Tod
^ in., thinly clothed with adpressed hairs teeth deltoid.
sublignose, quadrangular, straight, linear 3-4 in. long, nearly an inch thick, the wings
^-| in. broad in the middle, narrowed to each end.
;

9. 1ft. pubinervis, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 68 ; leaflets

elliptic-obovate obtusely acuminate glaucous and pubescent on the midrib below,

standard glabrous on the back, ovary pubescent, pod unknown.

Mabtaban, Kurz.

An

20-25 ft. high, the young parts puberulous. Leaf\ ft. with a puber(number not stated) 2-3 in. long, thinly chartaceous. Racemes
leaf-opposed, slender, simple, 2^-3 in. long pedicels capillary, pubescent, solitary or
fascicled. Calyx reddish, broader than deep, ~|-in. long, slightly pubescent, obscurely
Corolla yellowish-white standard above % in. long.
toothed.
Kurz loc. cit.
erect tree

ulous rachis

leaflets

10. IMC. monticola, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 67 ; leaflets
7-9 oblong shortly acuminate fulvo-pubescent beneath, standard glabrous, ovary
thinly ferrugineo-pubescent, pod unknown.

Martaban,

7000 ft., Kurz.

resembling M. pachycarpa, with verrucose branches and ferrugineo-pubescent glabrescent branchlets. Leaflets petioluled, with adpressed fulvous
Flowers blue, in simple solitary racemes 4-7 in. long, arising
pubescence on the ribs.
above the scars of the fallen leaves. Calyx - in., longer than broad teeth obscure,
anterior one largest. Standard ^ in., petals much smaller than those of M. pachycarpa.
alt.

A robust climber,

Kurz

loc. cit.

11. RX. pachycarpa, Benth. PI. Jung. 250 leaflets 11-13 subcoriaceous
oblanceolate-oblong cuspidate exstipellate finely downy below, standard glabrous
on the back, stamens monadelpbous, pod woody rugose glabrous.
,

Forests of Khasia, Sikkim, and Assam up to 4000 ft. Malacca, Griffith.

A large climber, with the branches and leaves below more or less densely clothed
Leaves 1 ft. or more long; leaflets 6-8 in. long, glawith pale brown pubescence.
brous, opaque above, sometimes subcaudate, the pubescence below short, loose, deciduous ; petiolules - in. Racemes copious, 6-9 in. long, most of the nodes with short
branchlets.
Calyx - in., distinctly pedicelled, densely downy teeth very short.
Pod 1-3-seeded, rugose, l-l in. broad, reaching 4-5 in. long.
Corolla f-1 in. long.
;

*** Mature

leaflets glabrescent beneath.

12. 1*1. cinerea, Benth. PI. Jung. 249 ; leaflets 5-7 obovate-oblong cuspidate membranous stipellate soon glabrescent beneath, standard densely silky on the
back, stamens diadelphous, pod thick linear velvety torulose. Pongamia cinerea,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5888. P. palustris, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5889 ; P. paniculata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5904.
P. heterocarpa, Wall. MSS.
P. oblonga,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5893?

Millettia."]

l.

leguminos^e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

107

Forests of Sikkim, Khasia, Silhet, Assam, Chittagong, and Birma, ascending to

ftDistrib. China ?
-woody climber, with young branchlets and leaves below with a little opaque
grey deciduous pubescence. Leaflets large, reaching ^-1 ft. long, thin and flexible
both sides green petiolules and setaceous stipellae ^- in. Racemes most or all in a
panicle above the leaves flowers distinctly pedicellate, not fascicled, subtended by a
pair of setaceous bracteoles.
Calyx in., densely silky, distinctly toothed. Corolla
^-f in., densely coated with grey silk. Pod very turgid, 4-5 in. long, 1 in. broad,

4000

3-5 -seeded, sublignose.

DX. ovalifolia, Kurz in Journ. Asiat.

13.

W. A.

leaflets

ovate-elliptic shortly

Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 68, excl. syn.

acuminate chartaceoiis glabrous,

standard glabrous on the back, pod small linear-oblong glabrous nattish with
obtuse sutures.

Birma, at Prome, Kurz.

An

Leaves -1^ ft. leaflets | 1 in. long, glauerect glabrous middle-sized tree.
cescent and finely reticulated beneath petiolules slender,
Racemes slender,
to in.
glabrous, 2-3 inches, one or several together, arising from young branchlets pedicels capillary, solitary or fascicled. Calyx glabrous, purplish, broader than long,
in.,
long, nearly truncate. Corolla blue
standard \ in. long. Pod 2-3 in. long, 2-3-seeded
at middle, sublignose, pale, incurved, narrowed to base, sparsely verrucose. Kurz
;

loc. cit.

14. EC. caerulea, Baker

leaflets 7 obovate-obiong cuspidate subcoriaceous stipellate glabrous, standard densely silky, stamens monadelphous, pod
large flat rather woody finely brown-velvety. Ponganria caerulea, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 6894.
;

Ava, at Phanoe, Wallich

Malacca, Maingay.

A woody climber, with glabrous branches.

Leaflets 4-6 in. long, glabrous on both

sides from an early stage; petiolules - in. Flowers in close short-ped uncled racemes
in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels very short, densely fascicled.
Calyx campanulate,
-~ long, faintly silky, nearly truncate.
Corolla three times the calyx, the standard
densely white-canescent on the back. Pod linear-oblong, 7-8 in. long, 1| If in. broad,
recurved, late in dehiscing, clothed with dense short persistent brown velvety pubes-

cence.

glaucescens, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 67 ;

obovate-obiong cuspidate membranous exstipellate glabrous beneath,
standard glabrous on the back, stamens monadelphous, pod flat on the face
woody linear-oblong glabrous not torulose with both sutures expanded into
narrow wings.
BX.

15.

leaflets

Birma forests of Pegu and Martaban, Kurz.

A woody climber, with glabrous branchlets.
;

Leaflets thin, flexible, green above,

dull below, reaching jr ft. petiolules \ in. Racemes close, simple, ft. long, axillary on
short peduncles
pedicels in pairs, exceeding the calyx.
Calyx ^ in., with a few
;

minute

by

1 in.

16. HE. Piscidia, Wight Ic. t. 86 : leaflets 5-7 obovate-obiong cuspidate

rigidly coriaceous exstipellate glabrous, standard glabrous on the back, stamens
diadelphous, pod thin compressed oblong glabrous. Galedupa Piscidia, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 241.

Forests of Sikkim, Khasia, Silhet, and Mishmi, ascending to 4000 ft.

woody climber, with whitish, branchlets, only the youngest branchlets and leaves

108

leguminos^:.

l.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Milleitia.

Leaflets of medium size, reaching 3-4 in. long, both sides green, quite
glabrous; petiolules short.
Bacemes copious, short, simple, laxly flowered; pedicels
Calyx - in., thinly
J-| in., often geminate, neither bracteate nor bracteolate.
Pod 3-4 in. by l-l in., narsilky teeth short, obtuse.
Corolla snow-white, ^~ in.
rowed to a point Talves quite smooth, dehiscing earlier than in the other species.

finely silky.

Brandisiana, JSjtrz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, G9

13 or more lanceolate glabrous subcoriaceous stipellate, standard silky
on the back, stamens diadelphous, pod thin compressed ligulate-oblong glabrous.
17. IMC.

leaflets

Birma, near Yomah, Kurz.

An erect tree, with slender terete glabrous branches. Leaflets 1-1A in. long, narrowed
to an obtuse tip, rather rounded at the base. Bacemes very la*, panicled at the end of tho
branches and sending out small shoots from the lower nodes; pedicels much shorter
than the calyx bracts minute, glabrous, lanceolate. Calyx in. glabrous, broadly
campanulate teeth deltoid. Corolla lilac, -f-J in. Pod 3-4 in. long, under an inch
broad, 2-4-seeded, the valves quite smooth and flat, twisting when dried.
;

18. IWC. e riant ha, Benth. PL Jung. 250 ; leaflets 5 obovate-oblong cuspidate rigidly coriaceous exstipellate glabrous, standard densely silky, stamens
diadelphous, pod oblong lignose rugose glabrescent.

Forests of Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A woody climber, with only the youngest branches silky. Leaflets reaching o-6 in. long,
petiolules ^--f in. Bacemes
;
copious, short, subsessile, dense, subspicate bracts large, roundish, densely silky, clasping and hiding the buds.
Calyx subsessile, fin., clothed with bright yellowish-brown
silky pubescence, like the bracts and standard teeth as long as the tube, broad, imbricated.
Corolla |-4 in., densely silky. Pod beaked, turgid, 3 in. long, 1 -seeded, subindehiscent.

very rigid in texture, both sides green and quite glabrous

;

19. IMC. atropurpurea, Benth. PL Jung. 249 leaflets 7-9 oblong acute
rigidly coriaceous exstipellate glabrous, standard glabrous, stamens diadelphous,
pod oblong convex smooth rather woody glabrous. Pongamia atropurpurea,
Wall. Cat. 5910 PI. As. Bar. t. 78.
;

Forests of Martabast,
matra.

An

Tenasserim,

and Pexang.

Malacca,

Distrib.

Su-

with thick, glabrous branches. Leaflets 4-6 in. long, very thick and
both sides quite glabrous, reticulato- venose; petiolules |- in. Inflorescence a dense terminal panicle above the leaves
racemes not branched bracts
minute, ovate; pedicels - in.
Calyx \ in., thinly silky; teeth short obscure.
Corolla dark purple, 1 in. long. Pod narrowed to both ends, 3 in. long, subindehiserect tree,

rigid, shining above,

cent, 1 -seeded in our specimens.

Sttbgex. 2.

Otosema,

sides of the claw.

Benth. Standard aurieled at the base on both

Stamens monadelphous.

20. 3&E. auric ill at a, Baker branchlets finely downy, leaflets 7-9 obovate
obtuse or cuspidate membranous thinly silky, flowers shortly pedicellate, pod
woody permanently sericeous. Brand. For. Flor. 138. Robinia macrophylla,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 329.
Pongamia macrophylla, Grali. in Wall. Cat. 5892.
Otosema macrophylla, Benth. PL Jung. 249. Amerimnum pallidum, Hamilt.
;

MSS.
in

Kohilcuxd
Behar.

and Kdmaon

to Sikkim, reaching

3,300

ft.;

also

on

Parasnath

l.

Mlllettia.']

leguminosjs.

(J. G.

Baker.)

109

large, robust, woody climber. Leaves reaching 1-2 ft. long petiole 4-6 in. long
leaflets green, glabrescent above, 6-12 in. by 3-6 in., minutely stipellate, pale below',
sometimes subcoriaceous. Flowers in copious close axillary racemes near the top of
the branches, fascicled on a downy rachis 4-6 in. long bracts minute, linear. Calyx
in., densely silky teeth very short. Corolla whitish, three times the calyx, densely
;

silky.

Pod

straight, very hard,

5-6

in. long, 1 in.

broad

sutures thickened.

21. IWC. fruticosa, Benth. MSS. ; branches finely downy, leaflets 9-11
oblanceplate-oblong obtuse or subacute thinly silky, flowers subsessile, pod
woody glabrescent Robinia fruticosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 328. Pongamia
Otosenia fruticosa, Benth. PL Jung. 249.
fruticosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 909.
Anierimnuni fasciculatuni, Hamilt. MSS.

Forests of Bexgal, Assam and Pegu.

woody climber. Leaves long-petioled, |-1 ft. long leaflets 4-6 in. long, 1^-2
Flowers
in. broad, obscurely stipellate, glabrous above, thinly sericeous beneath.
Calyx in., densely
in dense short axillary racemes and also in terminal panicles.
Corolla -| in. red, the
sericeous, subtended by minute ovate bracts and bracteoles.
standard densely silky. Pod hard and woody, silky when young, 6-7 in. by l-l in.

22. Tfl. extensa, Benth. MSS.; branches finely downy, leaflets 9-11
obovate-oblong membranous acute thinly silky, flmvers short-pedicelled. Pongamia ? extensa, Wall. Cat. 5900. Otosema extensa, Benth. PL Jung. 249.

Mabtabax, Wallich.

little-known climbing species, closely allied to the two preceding. Leaflets longpetioled, distantly placed on an elongated nearly glabrous rachis, glabrescent above,
not seen fully developed. Flowers in very copious close axillary racemes 6-8 in. long

Calyx ^ in., campanulate, scarcely toothed, with a

near the top of the branches.
Corolla in., densely silky, reddish lilac.
pair of very minute bracteoles at the base.
Pod like that of M. auriculata when young, but not seen mature.

23. ZMC. leiog*yxia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 07

branches
ferrugineo-tomentose, leaflets 9-13, flowers distinctly pedicelled, ovary glabrous.
;

Martaban, Kurz.
A woody climber with

terete minutely lenticellate branches

all the young parts
Adult leaves not known.
Racemes 4-5 in., arising from
ferrugineo-tomentose.
.shortened lateral branches, and forming usually ample lateral panicles
pedicels
|-4 in., nodding, velvety. Calyx broader than deep, under \ in. long, fulvous-velvety,
Corolla glabrous, violet standard & in. long,
obscurely toothed, upper tooth largest.
emarginate, yellow at the throat. Young pod smooth, linear, acuminate. Placed by
Kurz next to M. extensa. I have seen no speeimen v
,

caudata, Baker; branches glabrous, leaflets 7-9 oblong

24. XME.
caudate coriaceous glabrous, flowers pedicellate, pod glabrescent not woody.
Pongamia ? caudata, Grah. Wall. Cat. 5895. Otosema caudata, Benth. PL Jung.
549.
Forests of Khasia and Silhet, ascending to 3000 ft.
woody climber. Leaflets minutely atipellata, 6-9 in. long, firm, bright green
above, glaucous below, narrowed out at the tip into a long distinct tail. Racemes
axillary, short-peduncled, not so dense as in the others, 4-6 in. long.
Calyx camBracts very minute.
panulate, in., scarcely toothed, densely silky.
Corolla
^-f in., densely silky. Pod linear, straight, rigidly-coriaceous, subequally turgid,
3-4 in. long, in. broad.


110

l.

leguminos;e.

Doubtful

(J.

; ;

[Mundulea.

G. Baker.)

Species.

The following are probable species of Millettia, of which either flowers or pods are
unknown.
Leaflets and pod as in M. atropurpurea, but the latter 6-7 in. long, 2-2J in,
Malacca, Griffith, 1835.
broad, smooth, woody, flat, perhaps indehiscent.
Leaflets 7, subcoriaceons, obovate, very obtuse, opaque, 3-4 in. long, obscurely
grey-canescent below. Pod linear, 4-5 in. long, flat, J in. broad, several-seeded, with
May be Padbruggia dasyphylla, Miq.
similar vestiture.
Pegu, McClelland.
Flor. Lid. Bat. i. 150.
M. Maingayi, Baker. Leaflets 15 or more, oblong, coriaceous, 1 2 in. long,
rounded at both ends, pubescent below. Pod oblong, woody, indehiscent, rounded at
both ends, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, an inch thick, turgid, densely clothed with short
brown velvety pubescence, the surfaces traversed by deep longitudinal grooves.
Sincapore, Maingay.
Pongamia ANGUSTrFOLiA, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5917. Leaflets 9, exstipellate,
not coriaceous, glabrous, oblanceolate-oblong, acuminate, 2-3 in. long. Inflorescence
and separate flowers just as in M. glaucescens. Nipal, Hamilton.

21.

ZTCUNDUXEA,

DO.

Shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate. Floivei*s in dense terminal racemes.

Calyx
campanulate teeth short, deltoid. Corolla much exserted standard obovate,
with a long claw wings oblanceolate, adhering to the incurved keel, which
has a short obtuse point. Stamens monadelphous alternate filaments slightly
Ovary sessile, linear, many-ovuled style filiform,
dilated; anthers uniform.
Poa\ large, linear, subindehisglabrous, much incurved; stigma capitate.
Distrib. Species 3, the two others plants of Madagascar.
cent.
;

suberosa,

Benth. PI. Jung. 248; Bedel. Fl. Sylv. 85; Anal. Gen.
Tephrosia suberosa, DC. Prodr. ii. 249 ; Hook. Ic. PL t, 120
Wall. Cat. 5628; W. % A. Prodr. 210; Wt. III. t. 79 ("82") ; Dalz. <y Gibs.
Hobinia suberosa, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 327. R. sennoides,
Bomb. Fl. 60.
Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 328. Tephrosia sericea, DC. Prodr. ii. 249; Wall. Cat.
5629. Oytisus sericeus, Willd. >S^.-iii. 1121. T. Petersiana, Klotzsch in Peters
Mossamb. Bot. t. 9. T. icthynica, Bert. Misc. xviii. 18, t. 3.
1.

t.

12,

BE.

fig. 2.

Distrib. Trop. Africa,

Hill-valleys of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.
Natal.
Branches, rachises, pedicels and
stout erect shrub, with thick corky bark.
Leaflets 6-10-jugate, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous,
leaves beneath densely sericeous.
Flowers in close terminal racemes. Pedicels 2-3 times the cam1tV-2 in. long.
Corolla f-1 in. long, reddish, thinly silvery.
Pod 3-4 in. long,
panulate calyx.
densely sericeous, 6-8-seeded, both sutures thickened so as to form prominent borders.

22.

T2SPEEOSZA,

Pers.

Leaves usually odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite, subFlowers in leaf-opposed racemes or solitary or in pairs in the axils of
Calyx-tuhe campanulate teeth distinct, subequal. Petals clawed
standard suborbicular ; keel incurved, not beaked.
Stamens diadelphous
Ovary sessile, linear, many-ovuled ; style much
anthers obtuse, uniform.
incurved, filiform or flattened, glabrous or bearded stigma capitate often penicillate.
Pod linear, flattened, many-seeded, 2-valved, continuous or obscurely
Disteib. Species about 100, spread through the
septate between the seeds.
Tropics of both hemispheres.

Herbs or undershrubs.

coriaceous.
the leaves.

l.

TepJirosia.']

Subgen.

1.

S&acronyx

Baker.)

(J. G.

leguminos^.
(Dalzell).

Annual.

1. T. tenuis, Wall. Cat. 5970; Dalz.

Jouiyi. ii. 35.
strigosus, Dalz. in Hook.

Ill

Loaves simple.

Gibs.

Bomb.

Fl. 61.

Macronyx

Kcw

Plains of Scinde, tho Punjab and CoKCAN.

Stems filiform, densely csespitose, \-\ ft. long with a few short adpressed hairs.
Leaves nearly sessile, linear, 1-2 in. long, narrowed suddenly or gradually at the
stipules minute, setaceous, ascending.
point, glabrous above, obscurely silky beneath
Calyx
Flowers 1-2 together in the axils of the leaves. Pedicels filiform, $| in.
Corolla ^ in., all the petalsteeth lanceolate, much. shorter than the tube.
in.
Pod linear, ^-1 in. long, 6-10-seeded, thinly clothed with
w"ith very long claws.
adpressed hairs. Style short, glabrous, filiform.
;

Subgex.

2.

Brissonia

Shrubby.

(Neck.).

Leaves odd-pinnate.

Calyx-

teeth short, deltoid.

T. Candida, DC.

Pi-odr. ii. 249; Wall. Cat 5627

W. A. Prodr.
Robinia Candida, Foxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 327. Galega arborescens, Herb.
Madras. Kiesera sericea, Feimv. in Miq. Flor. Lnd. Bat. i. 291. Xiphocarpuscandidus, Hassk. Fl. Far. Jav. 336.
2.

210.

Himalayas, tropical zone, from Kumaox eastward to Khasia and Assam, ascending
Sllhet, Chittagong, Mabtaban, and Tenassebim. Distbib.
to 5000 ft. in Sikkim.
Malay-isies.
low shrub, with slender woody grooved branches clothed with brown or grey
stipules setaceous, ascending
leaves short-petioled,
persistent velvety pubescence
leaflets
19-25, ligulate, acute, 1^-2 in. long, green
reaching 6-9 in. long
glabrous above, grey and thinly silky beneath. Facemes copious, terminal and lateral,
elongated, 6-9 in. long lower several to a fascicle pedicels silky, | in.
Calyx
|^i in., densely silky teeth much shorter than the tube. Corolla f-1 in., reddish or
white; standard densely silky. Pod 3-4 in. long, 10-15-seeded, slightly recurved,
clothed with adpressed brown silky hairs style flattened, silky.

Sebgex.

8.

3&eine?ia

(Moench.'). Perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves oddCalyx-teeth narrow, cuspidate, as long as the tube.

pinnate or simple.

3.- T.
calophylla, Bedd. Lc. Plant. Ind. Or. t. 166;
glabrous, leaves simple, flowers in lax long terminal racemes.

herbaceous,

East slope of the Nilghibts, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome.

Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, rigidly coriaBranches slender, angular, tough.
ceous, 3-4 in. long, cuneate at the base; veins bei^vv and edges distinct, brown;
Facemes 6-9 in. long; bractsstipules linear, minute; petiole angular, 1-1^ in.
pedicels 2-3 times the calyx.
linear, very minute
Calyx ^ in. teeth lanceolate,
Corolla |-^ in.
cuspidate, as long as the tube.
standard downy on the back. Pod
2^-3 in. long, recurved, glabrous, 8-10-seeded.
;

4. T. tinctoria, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 252

shrubby, branches densely
velvety, leaflets large 3-13 casually simple, flowers in copious long-peduncle
congested racemes.
W. $ A. Prodr. 211 Wt. Ic. t. 388 ; non Wall. Cat.
5643. T. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 5631. Galega Heyneana, Foxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
384. T. hvpargvraea, DC. Prodr. ii. 253.
T. nervosa, Pers. ; DC. Prodr.
ii. 254.
;

Western Peninsula and Ceylon,

ascending to 5000 ft.

undershrub, with flexuose woody twiggy branches, densely clothed with brown
or grey velvety pubescence. Leaves subsessile, very variable ; leaflets usually 3-6-

An

112

L.

leguminos^:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Tephrosia.

jugate (reduced to one in T. Grahami, Wall. Cat. 5652), oblong, obtuse, subcoriaceous, the end one much larger than the others, 2-3 in. long, |-1 in. broad,
green, 'glabrous above, clothed with persistent white silky pubescence beneath,
Peduncles often exceeding
the nerves prominent; stipules lanceolate, ascending.
racemes closely 3-12-flowered
flowers casually also in the axils of
the leaves
Calyx in., densely silky teeth long, setaceous.
the leaves pedicels very short.
Corolla - in., pale red, silky.
Pod slightly recurved, 2-2^ in. long, 10-12-seeded,
Style flattened, bearded throughout.
glabrescent.
;

Var. 1. pulchcrrima ; leaflets large (end one 3 in. long) coriaceous often solitary,
veins below very prominent, bracts ovate-lanceolate, flowers few close, pod perNilghiris and Ceylon.
sistently velvety.
T. pulcherrima, Wight MSS.
Var. 2. coccinea; leaflets 1-5 f-1 in. broad cuneately narrowed in the lower
half, branches closely argenteo-canescent, bracts linear minute, racemes elongated.
T. coccinea, Wall. Cat. 5633 PI. As. Bar. t. 60. Birma, Wallich.
Var. 3. intermedia, W. A. ; branches velvety, leaflets much smaller 9-13
\- \ in. broad the end one not much larger than the others, the veins less prominent
racemes not so close as in the type.
T. intermedia, Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5632.
Western Peninsula and Ceylon.
;

6.
T. spixiosa, Pers. ; DC. Prodr.
arrenteo-can< j seent, stipules spiny, flowers

Wall. Cat. 5051.

spinosa, Linn.

W.

<$

shrubby, branches closely

254
1-2 all in the axils of the leaves.
A. Prodr. 214 (excl. syn.) Wight Ic. t. 372. Galega

Roxb. Fl. Ind.

ii.

iii.

383.

Plains of the Western Peninsttia and Ceylon.- Distrib. Java.

A low shrub, with very numerous terete flexuose ascending branches. Spines
Leaves short-petioled, ^-1 in. long; leaflets 5-7, narrowspreading, |\ in.
oblanceolate, rigidly subcoriaceous, truncate, often emarginate, glabrous above,
1-2 rarely 3 from the nodes
Flowers all axillary
glaucous, nearly glabrous below.
Calyx ^ in., teeth linear-acuminate, as long as the tube. Corolla,
pedicels -^-^ in.
red, twice "the calyx.
Pod f-1 in., nearly glabrescent, recurved, 5-6-seeded. Style
much incurved, flattened, glabrous.
;

6. T. senticosa, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 254; shrubby, branches closely

argenteo-canescent, stipules not spinv, flowers 1-2 all in the axils of the
leaves.
W. ey A. Prodr. 211 ; Wight" Ic. t. 370 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 61.
Galega senticosa, Linn. Amam. iii. 19. G. pentaphvlla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 384.
'
T. elegans, Wall. Cat. 5634.
'T. pentaphylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5650.
;

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Cevlon Birma, Wallich.

low shrub, with copious erecto-patent terete slender branches petiole very
leaflets usually 5, rarely 3, narstipules minute, ascending, setaceous
short
row-oblanceolate, 1-1 Jt in. long, truncate or emarginate, green, glabrous above,
thinly silky beneath, cuneately narrowed in the lower half. Flowers usually geminate
Calyx ^ in. teeth linear, as long as the tube. Corolla.
pedicels in., argenteous.'
Pod 1^-2 in. long, 6-8 seeded, much
more than twice the calyx, argenteous.
recurved, persistently thinly canescent.
;

7. T. purpurea, Pe?-s. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 251'; herbaceous, stems glabrescent

or finely downy, racemes elongated, pod glabrescent or finely downv slightly
Wall Cat. 5638 ; W. A. Prodr. 213 Dalz. $ Gibk
recurved 6-10-Wded.
Bomb. Fl. 61. T. leptostachva, DC. loc. cit. Galega purpurea, Linn. ; Roxb.
G. lancesefolia, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 386. G. Colonila and
Fl. Lid, iii. 386.
G. tinctoria, Lanik. ; Roxb. Fl.
sericea, Ham. in Linn. Trans, xiii. 544-5.
T. stricta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5639.
T. Taylorii,
Ind. iii. 386, non L.
Grah, in. Wall Cat. 5637. T. Wallichii, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5640. T. lobata,
Grah, in Wall Cat. 5646. T. tinctoria, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5043. T. gale*


Tephrosia.]

L.

(J. G.

leguminosje.

;
;;

Baker.)

113

T. lancesefolia, Link ; DC. loc. cit. T. indigoides, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5649.
T. lanceolata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5636.
gofera, Bert. Misc. xix. 9, t. 5.
Indigofera flexuosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5473 Rheede Sort, Mai. i. t. 55.
Tropical zone, spread universally from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Malacca and
Siam, ascending to 4000 ft. in the north-west. Disthib. Everywhere in the Tropics.
copiously-branched suberect perennial, 1-2 ft. high, with slender firm terete
stems.
Leaves short-petioled, 3-6 in. long ; stipules linear-subulate, ascending or
reflexed
leaflets 13-21, narrow oblanceolate, obtuse, green, glabrescent above,
glaucous, obscurely silky below. Racemes copious, all leaf-opposed, 3-6 in. long, lax
lower flowers fascicled; pedicels - in.; bracts minute.
Calyx - in., closely
silky
teeth linear-subulate, as long as the tube.
Corolla - in., red, thinly silky.
Pod 1^-2 in. by \ in. broad style subglabrous, penicillate at the tip.

Var.
flowered
seeded.

maxima,
Western

maxima;

suberect, stipules lanceolate reflexed, racemes manyelongated, corolla \ in. long, pod glabrescent 2 2^- in. long 10-12T. maxima, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 252.
W. 4' A. Prodr. 213. Galega
Linn. Sp. PL 1063. T. Mitchellii. G~rah. in Wall, Cat 5641. Plains of the
Peninsula and Ceylon.
1.

taller,

Var. 2. pumila ; lower, more diffuse, persistently finely downy, stipules linearsetaceous, leaflets 9-11 smaller more downy, corolla rather smaller, pod 1-1^ in.
long finely downy. T. pumila, Pers.; DC. Prodr. ii. 254. T. timoriensis, DC. Prodr.
ii. 254.
Galega diffusa, Roxb. Fl. Lid. iii. 387.
T. diffusa, W. $ A. Prodr. 213.
G-.

procumbens, Ham. in

Cat. 5642.

Trans. Linn. 8oc.

Distribution of the type.

xiii.

547.

Kook

T. parviflora, Wight in Wall.

.8.
e r i a^ia l W. <y A. Prodr. 212
herbaceous, steins finely
T.
downy,' raceme" elongated, pod slightly recurved 8-10-seeded clothed with
persistent brownish silky hairs.
T. Colutea, Wight, ; Wall. Cat. 5647.
Galega
hirta, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 546.
T. amoena, Jlort, Calc. non Pers.
;

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca.

Closely allied to T. purpurea, from which it scarcely differs except in the vestiture
Stipules linear; leaflets 13-19, narrow oblanceolate, ^-1 in. long,
of the pod.
truncate or emarginate, glabrescent above, thinly persistently silky below. Racemes
all lateral, reaching 6-9 in. long; pedicels -j~-j| in.
Calyx densely silky, 4| in.
teeth setaceous, exceeding the tube.
Corolla \-\ in.
Pod l|^-2 in. by in. style
flattened, subglabrous, penicillate at the tip.
;

DC. Prodr. ii. 251 herbaceous, stems finely downy,

much recurved 6-8-seeded denselv clothed wjth white
silky hairs,
Wall. Cat. 5645; W. Sf A. Prodr. 21'2. GJalega villosa,' Linn.
Roxb. Fl. jkd. iii. 385. T. argentea, Pers. DC. Prodr.W: 252Y W. cy A. ProdhS
9.

T. villosa,

Pers.

racemes elongated, pod

Galega argentea,
Lamk. Diet.
C

212.
172.

ii.

599.

G. Barba-iovis,
Burm. Fl. Lnd.
'
J

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon. Distrib. Mauritius, Trop. Africa.

Habit of T. purpurea, but stems somewhat firmer and more woody, clothed with
short adpressed white hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, 2-3 in. long ; stipules linear,
ascending or reflexed; leaflets 13-19, grey-green, glabrescent above, Insistently
silky below, narrow oblanceolate, often emarginate.
Racemes half a foot or more
long lower flowers in distant fascicles, lowest often in the axils of the leaves ;
pedicels very short bracts setaceous, plumose.
Calyx $-$ in. deep, densely silky
teeth setaceous, lower exceeding the tube.
Corolla pale red, not much exceeding
i-|
the calyx.
Pod 1-1^ in. long,
in. broad, densely persistently velvety; style
glabrous, flattened, densely penicillate at the tip.
;

Var.

1.

incana; stems clothed with short spreading pubescence, leaflets rather

still
more densely silky.
T. incana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5644

broader, pod

VOL.

II.

114

l.

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Tephrosia*

W. $ A. Prodr. 212; Wt. Ic. t. 371. Galega incana, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 385. G.
T. Ehrenbergiana,
Colutea, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1246 (excluding description of pod).
Schweinf. PL Mthiop. 18. Distribution of the type.

10. T. pauciflora, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5635; herbaceous, stems finely

silky, flowers usually all in the axils of the leaves, pod glabrescent or finely
dow*nv slightly recurved 6-8-seeded. T. anthylloides, Hochst. ; Baker in Oliv.

Flor."Trop. Africa,

ii;

118?

Plains of Scinde, Stocks, Dalzell ; Punjab, Stewart ; Birma, Wallich.

Stems densely csespitose, under a foot high. Stipules ascending, setaceous
leaflets 5-9, narrow oblanceolate, finely silky beneath, l-l in. long, often emarFlowers usually all geminate on short pedicels in the axils of the upper
ginate.
Calyx in., finely silky. Corolla
leaves, casually produced into a sparse raceme.
Pod 1-2 in. by in. style glabrous, flattened. Probably a
red, twice the calyx.
The Indian differs from the African plant by
third variety of T. purpurea.
smaller flowers and fewer seeds.

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

T. fusca, W. A. Prodr. 210 (T. argentea, Wight in Wall. Cat. 5648, non Pers.),
is a plant gathered by Dr. "Wight on the Dindygul hills, of which the flowers are not
known. In general habit, leaves, inflorescence, vestiture, and the shape of the calyx
and pod, it resembles closely Mundulea suberosa, but the leaflets are shorter and more
obtuse, and the pod dehisces readily, like that of a Tephrosia, and the sutures are not
thickened so as to form a prominent border. The calyx is that of Brissonia.

'

**

'

:j

SBSBANIA, Pers.

23.

Soft-wooded shrubs or herbs. Leaves long, very narrow, abruptly-pinnate,

with very numerous deciduous linear-oblong obtuse mucronate leaflets. Flowers
Calyx campanulate, shallowly 2-lipped or 5-toothed.
in axillary racemes.
Copetals all with long claws standard broad
rolla much exserted
keel obtuse,
straight, or in Agati recurved and subrostrate.
Sta?nens diadelphous anthers
uniform. Ovary linear, stipitate, many-ovuled style filiform, incurved, glabrous,
stigma capitate. Pod very long and narrow, dehiscent, with distinct septa between the very numerous seeds. Distkib. Species about 20, spread everywhere
through the tropics.
;

Subgen.
f

1.

Eusesbania.

"~

--

Flowers small

bud

straight,

1^ S. eegyptlaca Persj DC. Prod. ii. 264; perennial, unarmed, pod

flexile twisted! Weill Cat. 5b'5B ;W.8fA. Prodr. 214 : Wt. Ic. t. 32 ; Bedd. FL
Sylv. 86, Anal. Gen. t. 12, fig. 3 ; Brand. For. Flor. 137 ; Boiss. Fl. Or. ii. 193.
iEschynomene Sesban, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 332. JE. indica, Burm. Fl. Ind.
169. Coronilla Sesban, Willd. Sp. iii. 1147Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 27.
i,

.
Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, ascending to 4000 ft. in the
north-west. Distrib. Cosmopolitan in tropics of old world.
soft- wooded shrub of short duration, 6-10 ft. high, with terete twiggy branches.
Leaves 3-6 in. long; leaflets 21-41, glabrous, linear-oblong, pale green. Flowers
6-10, in copious lax axillary racemes pedicels filiform, - in. Calyx in., glabrous,
membranous teeth short, deltoid. Corolla |-f in., glabrous, pale yellow or (in S.
picta, Pers.; Bot. Reg. t. 873), more or less tinged with deep red.
Pod 6-9 in. long,
weak, torulose ; sutures little thickened.

2.

S. aculeata,

Pers.

firm not twisted nor torulose.

DC.

Prodr. ii. 265 annual, muricated, pod long

Wall. Cat. 5655 W. $ A. Prodr. 214 j Dak. ;


Sesbania.]

leguminos.e.

l.

G. Baker.)

(J.

115
J

JEschynomene bispinosa, Jacq. Ic. t. 564. JE. spinulosa,

Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 333. Ooronilla aculeata, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1147.
Plains from the West
in tropics of old world.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam.

Distrib.

Cosmopolitan

Suffruticose, reaching several feet high, the branches and leaf-rachises armed with
small weak prickles.
Leaves reaching 4-1 ft. long; leaflets glabrous, 4f-81,
smaller and narrower than in 8. mgyptiaca.
Racemes laxly 3-6-flowered, distinctly
peduncled. Calyx in., glabrous.
Corolla in., pale yellow standard dotted with
Pod 6-9 in. by in., straight or rather falcate, beaked with the persistent
red.
;

style.

robust, unarmed, leaves glabrous. JE. paludosa and uligi333-4.

Var. 2. sericea branches robust unarmed, leaflets more or less silky even when
mature, racemes subsessile. S. sericea. PC. Prodr. ii. 266 Plains of Ceylon, Fergusson, CP., 3850.
Var. 3. cannabina ; branches obscurely muricated, racemes subsessile 3-4flowered, corolla and calyx smaller, the former not more than in. long. S. cannabina, Pers. PC. Prodr. ii. 215 W. $ A. Prodr. 215 Wall. Cat. 5657. iEschynomene
cannabina, Retz. Obs.x. 26. Coronilla cannabina, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1148. S. affinis,
Schrad. PC. loc. cit.

Var.

paludosa

1.

nosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

more

iii.

3.

S. procumbens, W.

pod short

c]*

A. Prodr. 215

flexible torulose not twisted.

nomene procumbens, Roxb.

Fl. Ind,

iii.

annual, obscurely muricated,

;
Dalz. - Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62. ./EschyJE. diffusa, Roxb. MSS.
337.

Plains of the "Western Peninsula.

Branches lower and more slender than in the

last.
Leaves 2-3 in. long leaflets
31-41, linear-oblong, glabrous, glaucous. Flowers solitary or geminate, without a
in. long.
Corolla 3 times the calyx. Pod straight, 2-3 in.
common peduncle. Calyx
in. thick, 15-20-seeded, distinctly torulose.
long,

Subgex.

2.

Ag-ati, Desv.

Flowers large

bud

falcately recurved.

ers. Sun. ii. 316; Bedd. Fl.

(4. Sa. glffiraiflora,
Flor. 137. YEschvndmene"grandiflora, Linn. Sp. 1050
Agati grandiflora, Desv. DC. Pnodr. ii. 266 Wall. Cat.
515. Coronilla grandiflora, Willd. Sp. iii. 1145 Rheede
;

Sylv. 86; Brand. For.

Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 331.
5654 W. # A. Prodr.
Hort. Mai. i. t. 51.
;

Plains of the Western Peninsula, a doubtful native. Distrib. Mauritius to N.

Australia, but often cultivated.
short-lived soft-wooded tree, 20-30 ft. high, with virgate terete branches.
Leaves ^-1 ft. long; leaflets 41-61, linear-oblong, pale green, glabrous. Flowers
2-4, in short axillary racemes. Calyx 1 in. deep, glabrous, shallowly 2-lipped. Corolla,
3-4 in. deep, white or. in M. eoccinea, Pesv. PC. loc. cit. (iEschynomene coccinea, L.\
more or less deeply tinged with red. Pod 1 foot or more long, falcate, firm, not torulose, the sutures much thickened.

24.

CARAGANA, Lam.

Usually low shrubs, with the leaf-rachises and the stipules usually spinetipped and hardened, persistent from year to year.
Calyx canipanulate^ placed
very obliquely on its pedicel, produced on the upper side teeth 5, deltoid or
Corolla much exserted ; standard broad, with reilexed edges
lanceolate.
keel
not at all beaked, usually as long as the wings and standard. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, sessile, niany-ovuled style filiform, incurved,
Pod linear, turgid, not at all torulose, conglabrous, stigma minute terminal.
tinuous, but sometimes pubescent within.
Distrib. Species about 15, spread
widely through Central Asia.
;

12

116

L.

legumjnosje.

(J. G.

Baker.)

[Caragana*

* Leaf-rackis supjrressed.

C. pyg-maea, DC. Prodr. ii. 268; leaflets 4 digitate oblanceolate glabrous, flowers solitary nearly sessile. Brand. For. Flor. 134. Robinia pygmrea,
Linn. Sp. PL 1044 ; Pall. Fl. Ross, i. t. 45. Genista versicolor, Wall. Cat.
5922 ; Botjle III. t. 34, fig. 2. 0. versicolor, Benth. in Boyle 111. 198.
1.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine regions Tibet, Kunawar, &c, alt.
8-17.000 ft. Distrib. Afghanistan, Altai to Davuria.
A low underskrub, -with the habit of a prickly Genista, the branches armed with a
pungent, ascending trifid spine under an inch long from each of the close nodes.
Leaves solitary or geminate in the spine axils, with rarely a perceptible petiole;
Pedicels jointed, shorter than the calyx. Calyx
leaflets - in. long, firm, pale green.
teeth short, deltoid.
Corolla bright reddish-yellow, ^ in
glabrous, in. long
standard glabrous. Pod linear, turgid, glabrous, naked within, ^-1 in. long.
;

** Leaf-raehis produced, with a spine at the end.

2.

conferta, Benth. MSS.

leaflets

4-6 oblanceolate subglabrous,.

stipules spinous, flowers 1-2 subsessile.

Balti, temperate or alpine region, Winterbottom.
Nodes crowded on the castaneous downy branches. Spines woody, an inch long.
Stipides broad, scariose, downy, with a spiny tip leaflets *-4 in. long, obtuse, with a
mucro, at first faintly silky beneath, subcoriaceous. Pedicels downy, shorter than the
Calyx -| in., finely silky teeth deltoid, ciliated, half as long as the tube. Cocalyx.
rolla 1 in. long, the keel incurved, with very long claws.
Ovary linear, densely
pubescent, 10-15-ovuled ; style long, much incurved. Pod unknown.
;

3. C. Gerardiana, Boyle HI. 198, t. 34, fig. 1

leaflets 8-12 oblanceolate-oblong densely pubescent, stipules not spinous, flowers 1-2 subsessile.
Brand. For. Flor. 133. Astragalus Gerardianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5938.
O. spinosissima, Benth. in Boyle III. 198 ; Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. t. 43.
;

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 8-13,000 ft.; Gurwhal,
*
Ktjmaon, Kunawar,
A shrub reaching 3-4 ft. high, with very close nodes and downyyOung-'branches.
Old spines erecto-patent, pungent, l-lj in. long, often downy. Leaflets | in. long,,

>

obtuse, mucronate, firm, densely silky ; stipules deltoid, scarious, not spine-tipped and
Calyx shortly pedicelled, in. long,
consequently the old spines simple, not trifid.
Corolla twice the calyx.
densely pubescent ; teeth deltoid- cuspidate, half the tube.
within
and
in.,
woolly
persistently
Pod ^-1 in by 1
clothed with grey pubescence' on
the outside.
4. C. polyacantba, Boyle III. 198; leaflets 10-12 obovate-oblong
densely pubescent, stipules spinous, flowers 1-2 on a short peduncle. Astragalus
polyacanthus, Wall. Cat. 5934.

Central Himalaya, alpine or temperate region; Kumaon, BlinJcworth; Gijrwhal, Strachcy and Winterbottom.
A low shrub, with close nodes and densely downy young branches. Old spines
1-2 in. long, weaker and less pungent than in the last. Z,ea/-rachises densely matted
with pale brown woolly pubescence leaflets 3 in. long, pale green, rigidly coriaceous,
Common peduncle short and not always developed. Calyx % in.
truncate, mucronate.
teeth setaceous from a
long, densely silky, subtended by a pair of linear bracteoles
;

deltoid base, half as long as the tube.

linear, densely pubescent.

Corolla yellowish, twice the calyx.

Ovary

Pod unknown.

5. C. brevispina, Boyle III. 198; leaflets 12-16 obovate-oblong glabrous or finely silkv, stipules spinous, flowers 2-4 on a common peduncle.
Brand. For. Flor. 133.


Caragana."]

l.

leguminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

117

West Himalaya?, temperate region, alt. 5-9000 ft. Kashmir, Kunawar, G-urwhal, Simla, &c. Distrib. Chinese Tartary. Afghanistan.
A shrub several feet high, the nodes less crowded than in the preceding, the young
Old spine-tipped rachises 2-4 in. long, rigid or flexible.
"branches finely downy.

f-f in. long, subcoriaceous, glabrescent on both sides or thinly pubescent bePeduncle 1-2 in. bracts and bracteoles linear, scarious pedicels downy. Calyx
Corolla glabrous,
teeth half the tube, lanceolate-cuspidate.
in. long, subglabrous
yellowish, twice the calyx. Pod glabrous, linear, 2 in. long, woolly within.
Leaflets

low.

*** Spineless

leaf-racliis

produced, with a

C. erassicaulis, Benth. MSS.

6.

leaflet at the

end (Chesneya, Lindl.),

leaflets 21-25 linear-oblong pubesAstragalus erassicaulis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5932. A.

Prodr. 245? Caragana (Nephelotrophe) nnbigena, Bunge
;

cent, flowers solitary.

nubigenus, Don
Mon. Astrag. 240

Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 12-17,000 ft. Gtjrwhal and Ktjmaon to Sikkim.
Stems thick, tufted, woody, creeping for a few inches below the surface, clothed
very densely with the long old tough but not pungent or spinous leaf-rachises. Leaves
in a lax rosette at the surface, short-petioled, l-l in. long leaflets green, not coriaceous, fc-\ in. long, truncate or emarginate. Peduncle downy, as long as the calyx. Calyx
;

| in. long, very oblique, densely pubescent

teeth J-$ tube. Corolla reddish-yellow, twice

the calyx standard pubescent on the outside wings and keel shorter. Pod linearoblong, |-f in. long, finely pubescent, stuffed inside with cottony down.
;

7. C. cuneata, Baker; leaflets 11-13, flowers 1-3 long-peduncled.

Guldenstaedtia cuneata, Benth. in Boyle III. 200. Chesneya vaginalis, Jaub. and
JSpach. III. 96, t. 48 ? (calyx teeth shorter).

Temperate and Alpine West Himalayas,

alt. 8-13,000 ft. ; Tibet and Kunawar.

Orient ? Kashgar, Bellew.
Branches 2-3 in. long, crowded from a woody rhizome. Stipules small, deltoid
leaf-rachis, including distinct petiole, 2-4 in. long leaflets obovate, f in. long, truncate,
emarginate, not coriaceous, densely pubescent. Peduncle equalling or overtopping the
leaves pedicels very short. Calyx f-^- in. downy teeth linear-lanceolate, half as long
as the tube or more. Corolla twice the calyx standard pubescent wings rather shorter ;
keel shorter still. Pod straight, linear, glabrous, 2-2^- in. long, 10-12-seeded, slightly
This and the last have the oblique calyx of Calophaca, but in habit
stuffed within.
Dr. Aitchison sends from Ladak a plant
aria corolla range better under Guldenstcedtia.
with deep purple flowers, more hoary leaves and narrower pod, which may be distinct.

Distrib.

25.

GUIiDSNSTXDTIA,

Fisch.

Spineless perennials. Leaves odd-pinnate.

Flowers solitary or umbellate on
long axillary peduncles. Calyx-tube campanulate, not oblique ; teeth 5, distinct,
upper broader. Corolla much exserted ; standard round ; keel not more than
half as long as the other petals, straight, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers
uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style incurved very short, stigma capitate.
Pod linear, turgid, not torulose, continuous within. Distrib. Species 7-8, all
Central Asian.
1.

Cr.

himalaica, Baker;

shortly caulescent, leaflets 11-13 obovatemuch shorter than the tube.

obcordate densely silky, flowers 1-3, calyx-teeth

ft.
Kumaon and Gtjrwhal to Sikkim.
from a perennial rootstock, densely silky. Leaves
long, distinctly petioled, densely clothed with pale brown silky hairs stipules

Himalaya, alpine
Stems 1-2

J-l^

in.

zone, alt. 11-15,000

in. long, caespitose


118

;;

LEGUMIN0S2E.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Guldenstcedtia.

leaflets ^-^ in. long, not at all rigid. Peduncle filiform, 1-3 in.
large, leafy, ovate
Calyx in., silky
long ; pedicels shorter than calyx ; bracts lanceolate, very minute.
upper teeth deltoid, lower lanceolate.
Corolla 3-4 times calyx; standard round,
;

glabrous. Pod linear, glabrous, \ in. long, 6-8-seeded, with a narrow border to the
upper suture.
2.
G. xnirpourensis, Benth. MSS. ; stemless, leaflets 3-7 oblong
obscurely pubescent, flowers 1-3, calyx-teeth as long as the tube. Astragalus
mirpourensis, Camb. in Jacqucm. Voy. Bot. 39, t. 46.

Upper Gangetic

plain. at Mirpour, Jacquemont. Hazara, Br. Stewart.'

Bkizomes slender, branched, with the leaves and peduncles in a rosette at the surPetiole ^1 in., obscurely pubescent, like the rachis and underside of the
face.
leaves; leaflets \-^ in. long, obtuse, glabrescent above, not at all rigid.
Peduncle as
long^s the leaves pedicels scarcely any. Calyx in. finely silky teeth lanceolate;

acuminate.

Pod twice the

Corolla twice the calyx.

calyx, linear, finely silky.

3. CS-. multiflora, Bunge Enum. PI. Chin. 18

stemless,
oblong densely silky, flowers 3-G, calyx-teeth as long as the tube.
;

11-13

leaflets

"West Himalaya, Boyle, the exact station not known. Distrib. China.
Bosettes of leaves and peduncles densely crowded at the surface on a slender woody
Zeo/"-rachis 2-4 in., including the distinct petiole, densely pubescent
rhizome.
leaflets \^ in., obtuse, soft, not rigid.
Peduncle equalling or overtopping the leaves \,
bracts linear, exceeding the very short pedicels.
Calyx \ in.; teeth linear-lanceoCorolla violet or yellow, twice the calyx.

late.

Pod

twice the calyx, linear, straight,

densely pubescent.
26.

ASTRAGALUS,

Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs with pinnate leaves, the leaf-rachis terminating either

Calyx tubular or campanulate, equal or gibbous on the.
in a leaflet or a spine.
back ; teeth 5, subequal. Corolla usually distinctly exserted ; petals subequal
or wings and keel shorter than the standard, the keel incurved, obtuse. Stamens
Ovary sessile or stalked, many-ovuled ; style
diadelphous ; anthers uniform.
incurved, stigma capitate. Pod linear or oblong, usually turgid, continuouswithin or more or less completely longitudinally 2-celled from the introversion
of the inferior suture. Distrib. Belts the world in the north-temperate zone,
the head quarters being Western and Central Asia. Monographed in the 11th
volume of the 7th series of the Memoirs of the Imperial Academy of St*
Petersburg, by Bunge, who estimates the number of species at 1150-1200.
Subgen.

1.

Trichostylus, Baker. A herbaceous perennial, with basifixed

down the inner face below the stigma, as in Phaseolus.

hairs, the style bearded

1.

A. Heydei,

Baker.

"West Tibetan Himalayas, alpine region, alt. la- 16,000 ft., Strachey. By theTso-kar sea, between Eupschu and Korsog, Heyde.
Bhizome slender, woody, the whole plant not reaching more than an inch above the
Leaves $- in. long leaflets 17-19, oblong, crowded, complicate, persistently
soil.
argenteo-canescent, fleshy stipules small, deltoid, fleshy, spreading. Peduncles J- in.
Calyx i n ->
Flowers 2-4 in a close umbellate head bracts and pedicels minute.
densely argenteo-canescent teeth lanceolate-deltoid, rather shorter than the campanulate tube.
Corolla more than twice the calyx, rose-red with the tip deeper petals
subequal limb of standard round, reflexed, deeply emarginate. Pod % in, long, oblong
membranous, much inflated, short-stalked, glabrous, 1 -celled, many-seeded.
;

Subgen.

2.

Fogonophace,

"basifixed hairs, differing

from

all

Bunge.

the rest by

group of various habit, with

its penicillate

stigma.


Astragalus.]
*

leguminos^:.

l.

Annuals with slender

G. Baker.)

(J.

trailing stems

and

sessile

119

pods (habit of Subgen,

Trimeniseus).
2. A. amherstianus, Benth. in Boyle III. 199 ; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, pod 10-12-seeded with the valves hut little innexed. Bunge

Mon.

i.

5,

ii.

3.

West Himalayas, temperate

Chamba, Simla.

Distrib.

region,

alt.

6-10,000

ft.;

Kistwar, Kunawar,

Afghanistan.
Stems densely csespitose, diffuse, -1 ft., clothed with dense adpressed whitish hairs.
Leaves short-petioled, 1-1| in. leaflets 13-17, narrow, oblong, obtuse, ^-| in. long,
densely clothed with thick adpressed white hairs stipules minute, lanceolate. Flowers
4-10, in close distinctly-peduncled racemes; pedicels very short; bracts minute, setaceous.
Calyx i-i in., shaggy with hairs like those of the leaves teeth setaceous, as
long as the tube. Corolla primrose-yellow. Pod linear, turgid, - in. long, much
recurved, rostrate, thinly pubescent.
;

3. A. subumbellatus, Klotzschin Beise Br. Wold. Bot. 159, t. 3;

corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, pod 20-24-seeded with the
sutures much innexed. A. hippocrepidis, Benth. MSS. ; Bunge Mon. i. 5, ii. 3 ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 231.
A. Scorpiurus, Bunge Mon. loc. cit. A. humifusus,

Jacquem.

MSS.

Punjab, Hazara, Kashmir, tropical and temperate regions, ascending to

6-7000 ft. Distrib. Beloochistan, Afghanistan.
Stems i-1 ft., diffuse, branched, clothed with short deciduous ascending white
hairs.
Leaves 1-2 in.; leaflets 13-21, distant, oblong, glaucous, ^| in., thinly or
densely pilose or nearly glabrescent stipules minute, lanceolate, cuspidate. Racemes
;

distinctly peduncled, 6-10-flowered, lax or close ; pedicels very short ; bracts setaceous,
very minute. Calyx in., thinly pubescent ; teeth setaceous, as long as the tube. Corolla in., yellow tinged with rose-purple ; blade of wings lanceolate, shorter than

the standard and keel. Pod |-|

almost completely bilocular.

in.,

cylindrical,

much

recurved, shortly pubescent,

** Perennials with slender ccespitose trailing stems and stalked pods (habit

of Subgen. Hypoglottis).
4. A. pyenorhizus, Wall. Cat. 5927
glabrous, flowers 1-2, calyxteeth lanceolate nearly as long as the tube, wings shorter than the keel. Benth.
in'Boyle 111. 199 \ Bunge Mon. i. 4, ii. 1. Sphaerophysa pyenorhiza, Benth. Gen.
Plant, i. 504.
;

Nipax, Wallich. Sikxim, alt. 6-12,000 ft., HooJc.fil.

Root woody, fusiform. Stems wiry, ~-l ft. Leaves an inch or more long

leaflets

11-13, green, obovate-oblong, truncate-emarginate, | in. long, clothed with

only a few very short obscure hairs stipules free, minute, membranous, deltoid. Peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, clothed with short mixed black and white
hairs pedicels very short bracts membranous, lanceolate. Calyx J in., gibbous, clothed
with minute pubescence like that of the peduncle. Corolla ^-f in., purplish limb of
standard round, \ in. broad wings half as broad as the depth of the keel. Pod i-| in.
long, glabrous, inflated, 12-16-seeded, the suture not inflexed
stalk much shorter
than the calyx.
close,

5. A. Donianus, DC. Prodr. ii. 283; slightly pubescent, flowers few,

wings as long as the keel, calyx-teeth half as long as the tube. Bunge Mon.
i. 4, ii. 1.
A. macrorhizus, Don Prod. 245, non Cav.

Nipal, Wallich.
Plant prostrate, beset with a few scattered adpressed hairs. Leaves with 8-10pairs of oval alternate mucronulate leaflets, which are pubescent beneath, but when

120

leguminosje.

l.

G\ Baker.)

(J.

[Astragalus.

Calyx i in. long.

Peduncles twice as long as the leaves.
; stipules connate.
Corolla purple
standard in. long, blade broad. Pod silky, subulate, 20-seeded.
Described from DC. and Bunge loc. cit. No specimen seen.

young silky

6. A. kongrensis, Benth. MSS. ; green, finely silky, flowers in a dense

head, wings shorter than the keel, calyx clothed with adpressed silky hairs,
teeth lanceolate much shorter than the tube.

Kongra Lama, alt. 15,000 ft., Hook. fil.

Subacaulescent, with a slender rhizome, creeping below the surface. Leaves distinctly petioled, 2-3 in. long leaflets 15-17, roundish-oblong, obtuse, not complicate,
pale green, thinly coated with short white hairs stipules - ^ in., ovate, obtuse, persistent, slightly silky.
Flowers 5-6, ascending or cernuous, in a dense head peduncles
l-2 in., erect, clothed with adpressed black hairs pedicels very short, densely blackCalyx in. Corolla twice the calyx, deep
silky; bracts linear, not very small.
purple keel as long as the standard. Ovary densely silky, multiovulate, with a stalk
nearly as long as the calyx-tube.
Sikkim

glaucous, densely tomentose, leaflets

7. A. tribulifolius, Benth. MSS.
crowded, flowers few in a dense head, calyx-teeth subulate as long as the tube,
wings much shorter than the keel. Bunge Mon. i. 4, ii. 2.
;

Western

Tibet, alpine region

valley below Ilanle Rupchu,

alt.

14,500

ft.

Thom-

son, Heyde.

Root-stock long, woody, fusiform.

Stems and thick glaucous leaves densely clothed
with short spreading white hairs. Leaves 1-2 in. long; leaflets crowded, 17-21,
oblong, |-| in. long stipules minute, deltoid, leaf-like, free. Peduncles 1-2 in.,
the short pubescence growing black upwards pedicels very short bracts subulate,
conspicuous, persistent.
Calyx \ in., densely clothed with short black pubescence.
Corolla purplish, half as long again as the calyx
standard \ in. broad.
Ovary silky,
distinctly stalked.
ovules about 20. Pod not seen.
;

8.
A. Henderson!, Baker; glaucous, densely tomentose, leaflets
crowded, flowers 1-2 together, calyx-teeth lanceolate shorter than the tube.

upper part of the Karakash valley, Dr. Henderson.

to the last, the thick glaucous crowded leaflets clothed with dense
whole plant in the single specimen gathered not more than a
high.
Leaves |-| in. long; leaflets 13-17, obovate-oblong, obtuse,
Peduncles short, clothed with short white pubescence. Calyx in.,
matted with mixed black and white hairs. Corolla seen in bud only. Pod oblong, the
same size and shape, and as much inflated as in A. pycnorhieus, membranous, with a few
short adpressed hairs and a short stalk sutures scarcely at all intruded seeds
about 20.
Tibet

Closely allied
white hairs, the
couple of inches
folded together.

*** Tall perennials with almost woody

few-seeded pods (habit of Subgen. Phaca).
9.

stetns,

A. Falconer!, Bunge Mon.

broad foliaceous,

lax flowers, and long-stalked

i. 4
ii. 2 ; densely pubescent, stipules
13-17, pod turgid glabrescent. A. acutifiorus, Benth.

leaflets

MSS.
"West Tibet, Falconer Hazaea, Winterbottom.
Stems flexuous, old glabrescent, young clothed with short spreading white pubescence.
Leaves l-l in. long; leaflets close, glaucous, obtuse, oblanceolate-oblong,
~-1 in. long. Racemes few-flowered, long-peduncled pedicels shorter than the calyx,
downy. Calyx in., gibbous, nearly glabrous teeth very short. Corolla lilac, in.
wings lanceolate, acute, as long as the keel. Pod | in. long, narrowed to both ends,
4-6-seeded stalk twice the calyx inflexed suture reaching all through in the lower
;

part, not in the upper.

Astragahds.']

l.

leguminosjE.

G. Baker.)

(J.

121

10. A. adesmisefolius, Benth. MSS.; glabrous, stipules large foliaceous, leaflets very numerous, pod flat glabrous. Bunge Mori. i. 4 ; ii. 2.
Phaca
Hoflmeisteri, Klotzsch Reise Pr. Wald. Bot. 159, t. 2.

West Tibetan Himalayas,

8-12,000

alt.

ft.

Dras,

Zanskae, Piti, Ladak,

Nubra.
Branches zigzag, glabrous, terete, woody, reaching several feet in height. Leaves 2-6
long; leaflets 25-41, green, obo-vate, emarginate, rather fleshy, lower ^~\ in. long,
upper growing gradually smaller stipules persistent, obliquely cordate-ovate. RaCalyx in., obcemes very lax, -1 ft. pedicels very short bracts minute, linear.
Corolla lilac, -| in., tho
lique, tubuloso-campanulrtte, glabrous teeth minute, deltoid.
petals subequal in length limb of wing lanceolate, acute. Pod oblong, - in., narrowed to both ends, 4-8 -seeded lower suture hardly at all inflexed stalk more than
twice the calyx.
in.

11. A. trichocarpus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5926 ; obscurely silky, stipules minute, leaflets very numerous, pod turgid finely downy. Bunge Mon.
ii. 2.
l. 4
A. sesbanioides, Benth. in Bogle III. 199 ; Bunge loc. cit.
;

Central Himalayas, temperate region, alt. 5-8000 ft. Simia, Gurwhal, Kumaon.
Erect, suffruticose, reaching several feet high, the branches straight, virgate, much
furrowed. Leaves subsessile, 2-4 in leaflets 31-41, oblong, - in. long, subobtuse,
pale green, clothed with minute silvery hairs. Racemes very copious, distinctly peduncled, erecto-patent, 2-4 in. long, with very numerous flowers; pedicels short,
cernuous, clothed with dense short mixed black and white hairs bracts linear, minute.
Calyx glabrous, campanulate, oblique, TV in. teeth deltoid. Corolla lilac, 4-5 times
the calyx limb of standard round wings lanceolate, shorter than the keel. Pod f-
in. long, oblong, completely 2-celled, 4-6-seeded
stalk much exceeding the calyx.
;

Sfbgex.

3.

Trimenieeus, Bunge.

Annual weeds with

basifixed hairs,

small yellow flowers in usually dense heads, and glabrous stigmas.

12.

A. prolixus,

11-17

Sieber PI. sEgypt. Exsic. ; heads dense peduncled, leaflets

pod short straight linear-oblong C-8-seeded nearly
Bunge Mon. i. 9; ii. 6; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. '223. A. arabicus,
Bunge Mon. loc. cit. Boiss. loc. cit. Phaca Vogelii, Webb in Hook.

oblong

bilocular.

Ehrhenb. ;
Nigr. Fl. 123,

obtuse,

t.

8.

Plains of Scinde and Punjab. Distrib. Cape Verde islands through Egypt to
Arabia.
Stems very slender, -1 ft., densely clothed upwards with adpressed white hairs.
Leaves distinctly petioled, ^-l in. long leaflets distant, glaucous, - in., clothed with
fine adpressed white hairs; stipules minute, lanceolate, free.
Heads 6-12-flowered
peduncles rarely as long as the leaves.
Calyx under in., densely matted teeth
linear-setaceous, nearly as long as the tube.
Corolla little exserted. Pod sessile,
turgid, ^ | in. long, densely pubescent.
;

13. A. Aitchisoni, Baker; heads very lax shortpeduncled, leaflets oblong emarginate, pod very long and slender straight or slightly recurved
slightly torulose unilocular 15-20-seeded.

Punjab, Salt range, Aitchison.

Stem suberect, ft., slender, thinly white-canescent. Leaves distinctly petioled,
l$-2$ in. long; leaflets distant. 17-25, alternate, \ in. long, grey-green, thinly
coated with adpressed short white hairs stipules minute, deltoid. Racemes 4-6flowered
pedicels very short
bracts minute.
Calyx in. campanulate, thinly
white-sjlky teeth linear or lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube.
Corolla twice
the calyx, white with a purple tip standard longer than the wings and keel. Pod
l in. long, under
in. thick, thinly white-canescent at first
dissepiment not at all
;

incurved

seeds distant, very small.


122

leguminosj:.

L.

A. ophiocarpus,

14.

oblong einarginate, pod very

alt.

11,000

ft.,

MSS.

[Astragalus,

heads lax nearly

sessile,

slightly torulose
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 224/

long- and. slender sickle-shaped

Bunge Mon.

unilocular 10-12-seeded.

Ladak,

Benth.

Baker.)

(J. Gr.

TJiomson.

10

i.

Distrib.

ii.

Persia.

Stems slender,

diffuse, - ft., densely finely white-downy. Leaves distinctly petioled,

long; leaflets moderately close and thick, distinctly notched at the apex,
matted on both sides with short white hairs
stipules lanceolate, very minute.
Racemes 3-6-flowered; pedicels and bracts minute. Calyx under
in., densely
matted teeth lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Corolla nearly twice the calyx, its
petals subequal in length. Pod 1-1 ^ in. long, thick, finely downy, the dissepiment
not at all incurved, the oblong seeds with a space corresponding to the slight constrictions of the pod between them.

i 1

in.

A. tribuloides, Delile-, DC. Prodr. ii. 288; heads dense sessile,

13-15 oblong-lanceolate acute, pod short linear-oblong densely pubescent
little recurved 10-12-seeded subbilocular.
Bunge Mon. i. 10 ii. 7 Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 224.
A. minutus, erpocaulis and ammocryptos, Boiss. Diagn. ix.
15.

leaflets

58-9.

Plains of Punjab. Distrib. Canaries, through Egypt to Afghanistan.

Stems slender, densely csespitose, trailing, ^-1 ft., densely clothed upwards with
ascending white hairs. Leaves distinctly petioled, 1-2^ in. long leaflets mostly close,
densely clothed with long white hairs on both sides stipules minute. Heads 6-10flowered.
Calyx tubular, |- in., densely matted teeth setaceous, shorter than the
tube.
Corolla pale yellow, little exserted.
Pods in. long, turgid, densely pubescent,
the cluster often spreading from the stem like the spokes of a wheel from the axis.
;

A. hamosus, Linn, DC. Prodr. ii. 290; heads peduncled dense,

13-25 oblong emarginate, pod long cylindrical glabrous much recurved
nearly bilocular 16-18-seeded. Sibth. 8f Sm. Fl. Grcec. t. 728 Bunge Mon,
i. 13
ii. 13
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 238.
16.

leaflets

Plains of Punjab at Lahore, Peshawur, &c.

Distrib. Canaries, Mediterranean

region, Orient.

More robust and

than the other species, the stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves
long leaflets distinctly stalked, pale green, $-% in. long,
glabrescent above, or thinly matted with silvery hairs on both sides. Heads 6-20flowered peduncles much shorter than the leaves.
Calyx ^ in., matted with mixed
Corolla pale yellow, half
black and white hairs teeth subulate, as long as the tube.
as long again as the calyx. Pod -1 in. long, cylindrical, firmer than in its neighdistinctly petioled,

less hairy

\-%

ft.

bours, quite glabrous.

A. gracilip js,

Benth. MSS. heads dense peduncled few-flowered,

9-13 oblong obtuse, pod cylindrical pubescent little recurved 10-12seeded half-bilocular. Bunge Mon, i. 15 ii. 17.
17.

leaflets

"West Tibet; Zanskar and Indus valley, alt. 11-14,000 feet, Thomson.
Acaulescent, or stems short, suberect, densely clothed with ascending strong white
hairs.
Leaves long-petioled, 1-3 inches long leaflets distant, greenish, - in. long,
Heads 3-6densely clothed with hairs like thoso of the stem
stipules minute.
peduncles pilose, 2-4 in.
Calyx in., tubular; teeth short, setaceous.
flowered
Corolla pale yellow, twice the calyx standard narrowed suddenly into a deltoid tip,
the wings shorter and keel shorter still. Pod | in. long by in., Sessile, clothed
with short dense white bristly hairs.
;

18. A. contortuplicatus, Linn,; DC. Prodr. ii. 290 heads dense shortpeduncled, leaflets 13-17 oblanceolate-oblong emarginate, pod cylindrical downy
very much recurved nearly bilocular 20-30-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 18 ; ii. 20;
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 230.
;

Astragalus.']

l.

leguminosjE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

123:

Punjab and Scjnde. Disteib. East Europe, Orient, West Siberia.

Stems subereet, ^-\\ ft., densely clothed with short soft spreading white hairs*
Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-4 inches long leaflets \-^ in., distant, greenish, thin at
stipules lanceolate, free, larger than in all the prefirsts densely pilose on both sides
Heads very dense, many-flowered, on pilose peduncles much shorter than theceding.
Calyx in., densely pilose teeth setaceous, plumose, exceeding the tube.
leaves.
Corolla little exserted, the lanceolate acute wings shorter than the standard and keel.
Pod \ in. long, sausage-shaped, membranous, rugose, completely conduplicate.
^Plains of

Subgen. 4. Fodolotus, Boyle.

caulescent perennial, with a few
obscure basifixed hairs and naked stigma, differing from all the other groups by
the endocarp of the unilocular pod separating as a thin membrane and produced
into septa between the seeds.
19.

Boyle

A. hosackioides,
III.

Benth. Gen.

i.

p. 507.

Podolotus hosackioides

198.

Kumaon and Guewhal,

temperate region.
Stems slender, glabrous, zigzag, densely csespitose, \\-\\

ft.
Leaves short-petioled,
1-1 5 in.; leaflets 13-15, green, glabrous, oblong, obtuse, ^-f in. stipules minute*
deltoid.
Calyx in.,
Peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, 1-2-flowered.
glabrous teeth short, deltoid. Corolla yellow, twice the calyx
petals equal in
length, wings and keel abruptly incurved. Pod linear, turgid, straight, ^-f in. long^
5-6-seeded, with a stalk as long as the calyx.
;

Subgen. 5. Kypoglottis. Herbaceous perennials, with basifixed hairs,,

flowers in dense mostly peduncled capitate heads, and naked stigmas.
*

Heads

sessile

Flowers

or peduncled.

lilac

or purple.

A. confertus,

Benth. MSS. ; stems very dwarf densely csespitose

thinly clothed with adpressed white hairs, leaflets 11-13, calyx clothed with
adpressed black hairs, teeth linear shorter than the tube, pod stalked unilocular;
few-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 23 ii. 27.
20.

"West Tibet, alpine region; Pangong and Parang valley, alt. 15-17,500 ft.,.
Thomson, Henderson.
Bhizome woody, fusiform, the whole plant not more than 1-3 inches high above
the soil. Leaves \-\ in. long leaflets silvery, thick, close, complicate, oblong, denselycanescent,
in. or less long
Heads 6-8-flowered
stipules small, lanceolate.
peduncle 1-1^ in., mostly subradical, clothed with adpressed black and white silky
hairs pedicels and bracts very small.
Calyx in., the tube campanulate. Corolla,
twice the calyx keel and wings subequal, rather shorter than the standard.
Ovary,
;

;.

silky, not seen fully developed.

21. A. rig'idulus, Benth. MSS.; stems very short glabrous, leaflets

17-21, calyx clothed with adpressed black silky hairs, teeth lanceolate as
long as the tube, pod oblong turgid sessile unilocular 6-8-seeded. Bunge Mon*.
i.

23

25.

ii.

Sikkim, alpine region; Tungu, alt. 13,000 ft., Hook.jil.

Bhizome slender, much branched below the surface, the whole plant closely
resembling A. alpinus in habit, not more than 3-4 inches high above the soil. Leaves.
distinctly petioled, l-] in.; leaflets green, linear-oblong, obtuse, \-\ in. long, thinly
coated with adpressed white hairs stipules \ in. deltoid, membranous. Heads 6-10flowered peduncles and pedicels both very short.
Calyx under \ in. Corolla twicethe calyx limb of standard oblong, exceeding the wings and keel. Pod glabrous,,
oblong, membranous, ^ in. long.
;

22. A. alpinus, Linn. Sp. 1070 ?

stems short slender clothed with adpressed white silky hairs, leaflets 11-13, calyx clothed with adpressed mixed.
;

;;

124

L.

leguminosje.

(J. G. Baker.)

[Astragalus.

black and white silky hairs, teeth setaceous as long- as the tube, ovary stalked
glabrous few-ovuled. Phaca astragalina, DC. Prodr. ii. 274 ?

West Tibet Burgil pass, Winterbottom. Distrib. Alpine region through north
temperate zone.
Stems 3-4 in. high, simple, ascending. Leaves about an inch long leaflets oblong,
acute, pale green, thinly coated with close silvery hairs on both sides stipules deltoid,
foliaceous, rather large.
Heads 3-6-flowered;
Peduncles 1-1 in., thinly silky.
bracts linear, exceeding the short pedicels.
Calyx \ in. Corolla twice the calyx;
wings shorter than the standard and keel. Pod not seen. The Sikkim plant referred here by Bunge is our A. kongrensis.
;

23. A. tibetanus, Benth. MSS. ; stems slender short ascending thinly

clothed with adpressed mixed black and white hairs, leaflets 21-25, calyx-teeth,
densely black-silky setaceous a third as long as the tube, pod linear stalked
bilocular 6-10-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 52 ; ii. 85 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 250.
A. Maxwellii, Boyle III. 198 ?

West Tibet, temperate and alpine region, alt. 9-14,000

Nubra, Ladak, Thomson, Henderson. Distrib. Afghanistan.

ft.;

Dras, Zanskar,

G-eneral habit of A. Hypoglottis, to which it is closely allied.

Stems zigzag, firm,
- ft. Leaves 2-4 in. long, distinctly petioled leaflets oblong,
obtuse, moderately close, pale green, thinly canescent at first, glabrescent above when
mature stipules small, lanceolate or deltoid, free. Heads subglobose, 10-20-flowered
peduncles 1-4 in., the black hairs predominating upwards bracts lanceolate, much
exceeding the short black pedicels.
Calyx in., the teeth densely, the tube thinly
black-silky.
Corolla twice the calyx
wings shorter than the standard keel still
shorter.
Pod -| in., rather recurved, finely black-silky; stalk shorter than the
calyx-tube.

slender, branched,

24.
.
hypog-lottoides, Baker ; stems slender short ascending thinly
clothed with adpressed white hairs, leaflets 17-19, calyx densely coated with.
mixed black and white silky hairs, teeth linear a third as long as the tube, ovary
stalked 8-10-ovulate.

Tibetan Himalayas, the exact station not known, Dr. Henderson.

Closely allied to the last, with which it agrees in general habit. Leaves 1-1|

in.

long; leaflets oblong, obtuse, pale grey green, persistently coated on both sides with
adpressed silvery hairs stipules foliaceous, connate in lower half. Flowers 12-20, in
a dense head, not more than half the size of those of A. Hypoglottis and tibetanus ;
peduncles 1^-2 in. long, with a few black hairs mixed with the white ones upwards.
Calyx i-| in. Corolla deep purple, in., the proportion of the petals as in the last.
;

Developed pod unknown.

lessertioides, Benth. MSS.

stems short firm erect glabrous,

;
calyx-teeth linear densely black-silky half as long as the
nearly naked tube, pod stalked silky unilocular 3-4-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 24
ii. 28.
25.

leaflets

9-11,

Sikkim, alpine region ; Tungu, alt. 13,000 ft., Hook. fil.

"Whole plant under a foot high. Leaves 1-2 in. long leaflets green, oblong, obtuse,
3~4 in. long, with a few black hairs ; stipules foliaceous, lanceolate, \-\ in. long,
Heads
ciliated at first with black hairs
petiole twice as long as the stipules.
12-20-flowered. Pedicels very short; peduncles erect \-^ ft., with a few adpressed
black hairs in the upper half; bracts minute, shaggy with black hairs. Calyx -| in.,
tube campanulate, nearly naked; teeth black-plumose. Corolla in., petals subequal.
Pod \ in. densely silky, narrowed from the middle to both ends stalk as
ong as the calyx-tube.
;

26.

A. strictus,

Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5924

stems short slender ascending

;;;

Astragalus.']

L.

leguminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

12&-

with adpressed white silky hairs, leaflets 19-25, calyx clothed with
adpressed mixed black and white hairs, teeth linear shorter than the tube,
pod stalked linear-oblong unilocular 6-8-seeded. Benth. in Boyle III. 198 ;.
clotlied

Bunge Mon.

i.

23

ii.

27.

A. mutabilis, Jacquem. MSS.

Through the Himalayas in the alpine

to Siickm and Silhet.

region, alt. 11-16,000

ft.,

from Nubea and

Ladak

Stems densely caespitose, firm but slender, branched, ^-1 ft. long. Leaves short1-1 in. long; leaflets close, oblong, obtuse, - in. long, pale green, persistently
coated with adpressed white hairs stipules small, deltoid, free, foliaceous. Heads very
0-40
-flowered peduncles 2-4 in., with a few black hairs mixed with the
dense, 2
silvery ones near the top; pedicels black, shorter than the minute bracts.
Calyx| in. Corolla twice the calyx ; wings and keel shorter than the standard. Pod \ in.
petioled,

long, short- stalked, rather recurved, clothed like the calyx.

27. A. oxyodon, Baker; stems short slender ascending clothed with

adpressed white silky hairs, leaflets 15-17, calyx clothed with adpressed mixed
"black and white hairs, teeth setaceous twice as long as the tube, ovary stalked
5-6-0 vulate.

West

Tibet, Falconer.

General habit of A. strictus. Stems densely caespitose, ^1 foot high. Leaves

1-1 in. long leaflets oblong, obtuse or subacute, densely white-strigillose on the
back, thinly on the face, alternate, the lower distant stipules moderately large, conPeduncles 2-3 in., very slender, densely clothed ,with
nate, silky on the back.
adpressed mixed black and white hairs; pedicels black, very short; bracts y^-ACalyx ^ in. tube campanulate teeth much longer
in., lanceolate, membranous.
Corolla in.; keel and standard equal
in proportion than in any of its allies.
wings much shorter. Mature pod not seen ovary thinly silky.
;

28. A. densiflorus, Kar. $ Kir. Bnum. PI. Song. No. 245; stems elongated firm glabrous, leaflets 11-13, calyx minute clothed with mixed black and
white hairs, teeth lanceolate short, pod globose sessile minute unilocular 1-2seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 21 ; ii. 22.
alt. 12-17,000 ft.; Lahul, Sassae, Zanskar,.
Afghanistan, Central Siberia.
Stems densely caespitose, rigid, erect, i-1 ft. long. Leaves 1-2 in. long leaflets,
thick, oblong, glaucous, obtuse, l- in. long, obscurely white-strigillose on both sides ;
Peduncles 1-4 in., with a few black and white
stipules small, deltoid, foliaceous, free.
hairs in the upper half; bracts minute, linear, black, ciliated, exceeding the very short
black pedicels. Calyx ^-^ in., campanulate teeth shorter than the tube.
Corolla
keel and wings much shorter than the standard.
lilac, three times as long as the calyx

West Himalayas,

Ladak, Kunawab.

alpine region,

Distkib.

Pod

rugose, silky, ^ in. long, turgid,

A. melanostacbys,

membranous.

Benth, MSS. stems elongated firm glabrous,,

29.
leaflets 13-15, calyx clothed with black silky hairs, teeth as long as the tube,
pod oblong sessile half-bilocular 2-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 21 ; ii. 22. A. braeteosus, Klotzsch Beise Pr. Wald. Bot. 160, t. 5, non Boiss.

West Himalayas,

alpine region, alt. 10-15,000 ft. Kashmir, Lahux, Tibet.

high, moderately stout.
Leaves distinctly petioled, 1-3 in. long
leaflets oblong, glaucous-green, obtuse or emarginate, -f in. long, nearly naked
Heads dense, 1-3 in. long
stipules |-j| in., free, foliaceous, deltoid-cuspidate.
peduncles 2-6 in. long, clothed with short spreading mixed black and white hairs,
dense at the base of the head bracts ^- in., lanceolate, foliaceous, persistent.
Calyx
Corolla narrow, half as long again as the calyx keel and
-J-i in. nearly sessile.
wings shorter than the standard. Pod included in the calyx, in. long, clothed with

Stems 1^-2

ft.

fine black silky hairs.

126

LEGUMINOS.E.

L.

30.

A. bhotanensis,

21-25, calyx glabrous, teeth

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

[Astragalus.

Baker; stems firm elongated glabrous, leaflets

pod cylindrical sessile many-seeded

sliort linear,

nalf-bilocular.

grassy banks at Panga, 7000 ft., Griffith.

1-2 feet high, slender glabrous, terete, with distant nodes and ascending
branches. Leaves 2-4 in. long leaflets oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, |-f in. long, green
and glabrescent above, clothed with a few obscure adpressed hairs below stipules
Flowers 12-20, in very dense heads; peduncles 2-5 in. long,
free, lanceolate, f-| in.
with only a few obscure adpressed white hairs at the top bracts lanceolate, glabrous,
!~ in. Calyx nearly sessile, \ in. long, tubular teeth a third as long as the tube.
Corolla twice the calyx, colour uncertain wings rather shorter than the keel and the
Pod firm, turgid, straight, -f in. k>ng seeds about 20.
latter than the standard.

Bhotan, temperate region

Sterns

A. inconspicuus,

Baker; stems short filiform trailing subglabrous,

15-17, calyx-tube with a few adpressed black hairs, teeth minute
lanceolate or setaceous, pod stalked unilocular 10-12-seeded.
31.

leaflets

Ktjmaon banks of the Ralam river, alt. 9000 ft., Strachey and Winterbottom.
Habit of a small Vicia. Leaves 1-1 in. long; leaflets opposite, oblong, obtuse,
;

green, glabrescent when mature, thinly silky at first stipules minute,

Flowers 3-4 together, on a short peduncle clothed with ascending grey
pedicels distinct, but shorter than the minute deltoid bracts.
Calyx \ in.,
Corolla scarcely twice the calyx, the petals
tubuloso-campanulate, nearly naked.

in. long,

lanceolate.
silky hairs

Pod not seen mature.

equal in length.

Benth. MSS. ; stems elongated subglabrous veryslender, leaflets 13-15, calyx thinly clothed with short black hairs,
teeth not more than jr as long as the tube, pod oblong sessile unilocular
32.

A. tenuicaulis,

weak and

Bunge Mon.

4-6-seeded.

i.

23;

ii.

28.

Sikkim: and East Nipal, temperate

region, alt. 7-9000 ft, Hook. fil.

Stems straggling, branched, a foot or more long. Leaves 1-1J in. leaflets oblong,
obtuse, opposite, thin, glaucous green, finely downy stipules free, minute. Heads 4-8peduncles an inch or less long, finely downy
flowered, not very dehse
bracts
Calyx | in., tubuloso-campanulate. Corolla in.
lanceolate or deltoid, minute.
standard slightly exceeding the keel and wings. Pod | in. turgid, membranous, obscurely downy. General habit of an Ervum.
;

33. A. sikkimensis, Benth. MSS. ; stems elongated slender weak

nearly glabrous, leaflets 19-21, calyx clothed with adpressed black hairs, teeth
"half as long as the tube, pod small oblong stalked unilocular 2-3-seeded. Bunge

Mon.

i.

23

ii.

28.

Sikkim and East Nipal, alt, 8-12,000 ft., Hook. fil.

Stems 1-2 feet, erect, very slender, with distant nodes clothed only with a little
minute adpressed white pubescence. Leaves l|-2 in. long; leaflets oblong, obtuse or
emarginate, clothed when young with adpressed white silky hairs, green and glabrescent above when mature stipules minute, lanceolate, falcate. Peduncles short,, clothed
with copious adpressed black hairs; flowers 20-30 in an oblong head; pcdi eelsCalyx } in. tubuloso-campanulate. Corolla,
black, very short bracts deltoid, minute.
twice the calyx standard slightly exceeding the keel and wings. Pod |- in. long,
membranous, turgid, densely black-silky stalk as long as the calyx-tube.
;

34. A. laimalayanus, Klotzsch Beise Pr. Walcl. Bot. 100, t. 4: stems

elongated slender weak nearly glabrous, leaflets 21-25, calyx clothed with minute
adpressed black and white hairs, teeth half as long as the tube, pod linearoblong stalked subunilocular 5-6-seeded. A. carinalis, Benth. MSS. ; Bunge
Mon. i. 23 ; ii. 28. Phaca longicaulis and cachemerica, Benth. MSS.

l.

Astragalus.']

leguminos-e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

"West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region,

alt.

127

5-13,000

ft.

Lahtjl, Kultt,

Kunawar. Kashmir, Garwhal.

Stems very slender, 1-2 feet long, with distant internodes, clothed when young with
Leaves 1^2 in. long; leaflets thin, oblong,
hairs.
obtuse or cmarginate, g-i in. long, pale green, with a few short adpressed white hairs;
Peduncles shorter than the leaves, clothed with
stipules minute, lanceolate, spreading.
bracts very minute.
in.
Calyx -| in.,
mixed black and white hairs pedicels
Corolla |- in., keel slightly exceeding the wings, falling short of the
campanulate.
Pod f-^- in. long, membranous, finely black-silky stalk exceeding
standard.
the calyx. A specimen gathered by Strachey and Winterbottom at the Melam
glacier in Kumaon has setaceous calyx-teeth, twice as long as the campanulate tube,
and will probably prove a new species between A. himalayanus and Maddenianus.

a few minute adpressed white

35. A. XHaddenianus, Benth. MSS. ; stems elongated slender weak

clothed at first with short spreading black and white hairs, leaflets 19-21, calyx
clothed with minute adpressed black and white hairs, teeth setaceous as long "as
the tube, pod stalked unilocular 3-4-seeded.

Kumaon

temperate region, alt. 10-11,000 ft., Madden, Edgeworth.

General habit exactly as in A. himalayanus, but the young branches densely beset
Leaves l|-2 in. long leaflets
with short spreading black and white bristly hairs.
oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, densely clothed at first on both sides with adpressed
Heads few-flowered peduncle 41 in.,
stipules minute, spreading.
silvery hairs
clothed like the branches bracts linear, exceeding the short black pedicels." Calyx
-1 in. Corolla \ in. wings much shorter than standard and keel. Pod f in.
long, membranous, densely white-silky, narrowed to both ends; stalk exceeding
the calyx.
;

** Heads peduncled.

with long

much

Flowers yellow.

A. cashmirensis, Bunge Mon.

\. 30
ii. 34 ; stems elongated shaggy
29-33, calyx thinly clothed with long hairs, corolla,
exserted, pod sessile finely pubescent bilocular G-8-seeded.

36.

hairs, leaflets

region, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, Falconer.

Stems stoat, erect or ascending, under a foot high. Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-4
inches long leaflets close, oblong, obtuse or acute, |~|- in. long, dull green, clothed
densely at first with long fine hairs stipules ^ in. long, free, lanceolate, membranous,
Heads dense, round peduncle 1-3 in. pedicel ~-^ in., shaggy bracts
striated.
Calyx %-^ in. teeth linear, shorter than
linear, plumose, persistent, ^-f in. long.
standard exceeding the wings and keel. Pod ^ in. long,
Corolla % in.
the tube.
straight,
hollowed
down the keel, narrowed into a long
linear-oblong,
firm in texture,

Kashmir, temperate
;

'beak.

Var.

1.

Falconeri,

Baker;

taller,

much

long, leaflets 31-34 broad-oblong obtuse.

less shaggy, stipules

Kashmir, Falconer.

narrower

Sfe

Jnch

37. A. floridus, Benth. MSS. ; stems elongated clothed with minute

Tather spreading black hairs, leaflets 25-31, calyx densely clothed with adpressed black hairs, pod long-stalked unilocular 4-5-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 24
ii.

28/

Tungu, alt. 13,000 ft., HooJc.fil.

Stems moderately stout, erect, -1 ft. Leaves 1^-3 in. leaflets linear-oblong,
"glaucous, subacute, f-i in., thinly clothed with adpressed silvery bristles
stipules
lanceolate or deltoid, free, \-\ in. Heads round or oblong, 12-30-flowered, the lower
flowers cernuous; peduncle 1-2 in., densely black-silky; pedicels black,
in.; bracts
Calyx under | in. teeth short, linear. Corolla bright yellow, twice
linear,, minute.
the calyx petals nearly equal. Pod linear-oblong, in. long, narrowed to both ends,
Sikkim, alpine region

densely black-silky

stalk as long as the calyx-tube.

128

LEGUMIN0S2E.

L.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Astragalus.

38. A. leucocepbalus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5923 stems short slender

densely clothed with loose white hairs, leaflets 21-31, calyx shaggy with
white hairs, corolla little exserted, pod minute oblong sessile unilocular 3-4seeded. Benth. in Royle III. 198, t. 32, fig. 2 Bunge Mon. i. 48 ii. 76 Boies.
Fl. Orient, ii. 241.
;

West Himalayas, temperate and tropical zone, alt. 1-7,000 ft. ; Punjab, Kashmir,
Simla, Gurwhal, Kumaon. Distbib. Afghanistan.
Stems densely crespitose, ascending, i-~ ft., densely persistently tomentose. Leaves
1-3 in. long leaflets close, oblong, glaucous, densely argenteo-eanescent, thick, obtuse or
subacute, -~ in. long stipules small, foliaceous, connate below the middle.
Heads
small, very dense, oblong peduncles 2-6 in., densely white-tomentose bracts lanceoCalyx I in. long, subsessile, very shaggy; teeth setaceous,
late, exceeding the buds.
Corolla pale yellow, | in. keel rather shorter than the standard
as long as the tube.
and wings. Pod in. long, included in the calyx, finely downy.

*** Heads few-flowered, sessile or nearly

; flowers yellow.

so,

in the axils of the leaves of

an

elongated stem
39.

A. XHunroi,

Tibet

Benth.

MSS.

Himalayas, alpine region;

Bunge Mon.

Piti,

1.

30

ii.

Ladak.

Lahul,

35.

Distrib.

Kashgar,

Bellew.

Bhizome stout, long, woody, fusiform. Stems csespitose, stout, erect, ^1 ft., shaggy
throughout with dense spreading white hairs. Leaves 1^-2 in. long leaflets 19-21oblanceolate, obtuse, f-1 in. long, thinly clothed with loose white hairs
stipules
^ in., free, linear, or lanceolate. Calyx short-pedicelled, ^| in., thinly pubescent teeth
Corolla |-| in., pale yellow petals sublinear-setaceous, nearly as long as the tube.
Pod oblong, sessile, membranous, much inflated, an inch long, nearly bilocular,
equal.
;

10-12-seeded.

Herbaceous perennials or undershrubs

Sttbgen. 6. Phaca.*
flowers in elongated racemes, basi-fixed hairs and naked stigmas.

with

* Stipules small.

macropterus, DC. Prodr. ii. 283; shrubby, leaflets 13-17 ob40.

lanceolate, calyx-teeth minute, corolla lilac, pod oblong sessile turgid bilocular
5-6-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 21 ; ii. 22. A. vicioides, Led. Fl. Alt. 3, 301, t. 286.
A. distan3, Benth. MSS. A. longipes, Kar. and Kir. ; Led. Fl. Boss. i. 618. A.
puberulus, K. and K. Fnum. PI. Alt. No. 240.

A.

Tibetan Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 9-12,000 ft. Ladak, Zanskar, &c, ThomDistrib. Western and Central Siberia.
An erect undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, with numerous erecto-patent stiff virgate glabrous
branches. Leaves 2-3 in. long; leaflets distant, thick, pale green, glabrescent, ^-| in.
long stipules minute, lanceolate, free, spreading, caducous. Racemes very lax, | 1 ft.
in.
bracts very minute.
long peduncles stiff, ascending, -1 ft. pedicels
Calyx
in. long, with a few minute adpressed black hairs
campanulate,
teeth deltoidCorolla | in.
keel much shorter than the wings and standard.
cuspidate.
Pod
\-% in. long, glabrous, turgid, narrowed to a beak, nearly straight.
son.

A. chlorostacliys, Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. vii. 249; shrubby,

13-17 oblong, calyx-teeth very short, bracts lanceolate, corolla pale green
tinged with lilac, pod oblong turgid stalked bilocular 6-10-seeded. Bunge Mon.
A. Govanianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5925. A. himalensis, Jaci. 27 ; ii. 32.
quem. MSS.
41.

leaflets

West Himalayas, alpine and temperate region,

Kashmir, Simla, Kumaon, Gurwhal.
*

Name

used here in a

much more

alt.

5-14,000

ft.;

restricted sense than in Bunge's

Pangi, Lahul,

Monograph.

Astragalus.']

l.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

129

An undershrub, several feet high, with abundant slender branches, pubescent when
mature, clothed with short spreading hairs aboye. Leaves \-$ ft. long leaflets thin,
oblong, obtuse, -f in. long, green, glabrescent above, glaucous, finely white-silky beBacemes close, copious, longstipules lanceolate, free, small, spreading.
neath
bracts lanceolate, scarcely exceeding
in. long
peduncled, 2-4 in. long pedicels
Calyx tubular, under \ in. long, finely downy, oblique at the mouth, the
the buds.
Pod turgid, membranous,
petals subequal.
Corolla twice the calyx
teeth deltoid.
glabrous, ^ in. long, narrowed to both ends ; its stalk twice the calyx.
;

42. A. Stewartii, Baker; shrubby, leaflets 13-15 oblong, calyx-teeth

half as long as the tube, bracts long setaceous plumose, corolla pale yellow
tinged with lilac, pod oblong turgid stalked bilocular 6-8-seeded.

Hazara, temperate region, alt. 5-9000 ft., Dr. J. L. Stewart.

Habit of the last, from which it differs by its leaves persistently and densely
white-silky, and long setaceous plumose calyx-teeth and bracts, the latter conspicuStipules \ in., linear-setaceous, spreading, caducous.
ously protruded beyond the buds.
Branches firm, many-ribbed, clothed with copious adpressed short white hairs. BaCalyx \ in. long, includcemes \--^ ft., in the single specimen panicled near the base.
ing the teeth, densely silky.

Pod \-

in.

long, oblong, glabrous, very turgid, fully

bilocular.

43. A. long-icaulis, Baker-, shrubby, leaflets 21-25, narrow-oblong,

calyx-teeth half as long as the tube, bracts long setaceous plumose, corolla pale
yellow-lilac, pod oblong turgid stalked bilocular 10-12-seeded.

Kashmir, temperate region, Falconer.

General habit of the two preceding, to which it is closely allied.
Branches with
only a few adpressed short silky hairs. Leaves 4-6 in. long leaflets -f in. long,
;

finely white-silky, greenish above, glaucous beneath

stipules minute, free, lanceolate.

Calyx \ in., with copious minute adpressed black hairs
Bracts as in the
and deciduous longer white ones. Pod -f in. long, glabrous, narrowed to both ends
;

last.

its

stalk

-^

in. long.

44. A. ciliolatus, Benth. MSS. stems herbaceous, leaflets oblong 17-19,

calyx-teeth elongated setaceous, corolla yellow tinged with lilac, pod oblong
turgid stalked bilocular 8-10-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 27 ; ii. 33.
;

West Himalayas, temperate region Ladak, Kashmir, Kistwar, alt. 6-9000 ft.
Thomson, Falconer.
Stems 1-2 ft. or more high, firm, hollow, erect, glabrous. Leaves reaching || ft.
long leaflets thin, obtuse, green and glabrescent, |-1 in. long, glaucous, thinly whitesilky at first below stipules \-% in., free, persistent, lanceolate or deltoid.
Bacemes
long-peduncled close, subsecund bracts linear, not exceeding the buds.
Calyx in.,
oblique, tubular teeth setaceous, plumose, half as long as the tube.
Corolla nearly
twice the calyx keel shorter than the other petals, broad, abruptly upcurved. Pod
1 in. long, oblong, turgid, membranous narrowed into a beak, clothed with fine short
spreading black hairs stalk as long as the calyx.
;

A.

xiphocarpus, Benih. MSS. ; herbaceous, leaflets 21-25 oblong,

45.
corolla yellow, calyx-teeth short linear, pod ensiform subcompressed stalked
Bunge Man. i. 27 ; ii. 32.
bilocular 8-12-seeded.
East Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 10-11,000 ft.; Sikkim and East Nipal,
Hook. fil.
Stems 2-3 ft. high, erect, hollow, obscurely pubescent upwards, glabrous below.
Leaves \-\ ft. long; leaflets thin, narrow, oblong, obtuse, 1-1 in. long, green, glabrescent above, glaucous, thinly silky below stipules lanceolate, spreading, free, -1 in.
VOL. II.
K
;

130

L.

leguminos^.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

[Astragalus.

Bacemes long-peduncled, at first close, finally 2-3 in. long; pedicels - in., black
Calyx in., tubular, with a few black hairs teeth
bracts lanceolate, not protruded.
more densely black-silky, less than half as long as the tube. Corolla bright yellow,
in., glabrous, membranous, narrowed
\| in. petals subequal. Pod l-l in. by
gradually to both ends, rather recurved ; stalk as long as the calyx.
;

%~

herbaceous, leaflets oblong

46. A. emodi, Steud. Nomen. edit. 2, p. 161
21-25, calyx-teeth half as long as the tube, corolla yellow, pod long-stalked
oblong turgid subbilocular 12-16-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 28 ; ii. 33. A. podocarpus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5930, non C. A. Meyer.
;

Blinkworth, Strachey and Winterbottom.

glabrous. Leaves 6-9 in. long leaflets thin, obtuse,
J-l in. long, glabrescent on both sides, green above, glaucous beneath stipules lanceoBacemes long-peduncled, 2-3 in. long pedicels ascending,
late, acute, free, reflexed.
in. long, finely downy bracts lanceolate, |- in. Calyx in., long, subglabrous,
tubular. Corolla twice the calyx petals equal. Pod oblong, turgid, membranous,
glabrous, 1^-1^ in. long, narrowed gradually into a beak; stalk ^-^ in. long.

Kumaon,
Stems

alt.

10-11,000

ft.,

tall, fistular, stout, erect,

47. A. khasianus, Benth. MSS. ; shrubby, leaflets' oblong 21-25,

calyx-teeth minute, corolla yellow, pod oblong turgid stalked bilocular 1216-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 27 ; ii. 32.

Khasia, temperate region, alt. 6-7000 ft., Hook.fil. and Thomson, Griffith.
Stems tall, erect, shrubby, much branched, subglabrous. Leaves 4 in. long leaflets
thin, narrow oblong, obtuse, ^-f in. long, green and glabrescent above, glaucous with a
few adpressed white hairs below stipules lanceolate, free, in. long. Bacemes longpeduncled, moderately close, subseeund, finally 3-4 in. long; pedicels in., finely
downy bracts lanceolate, caducous, \ in. Calyx \ in., tubular, scarcely at all pilose.
;

Pod oblique oblong, very turgid,

Corolla twice the calyx petals subequal.
branous, glabrous stalk exceeding the calyx.
;

mem-

48. A. coluteocarpus, Boiss. Diagn. ix. 65; shrubby, leaflets roundoblong 11-13, calyx-teeth long, corolla yellow, pod oblong turgid stalked
bilocular 10-12-seeded. ' Bunge Mon. i. 26 ; ii. 32 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 271.
;

West Tibetan Himalayas and Kunawar,

alt.

6-10,000

ft.,

Thomson, Munro.

Dis-

trib. Afghanistan.

tall undershrub, with copious erecto-patent terete virgate glabrous branches.

Leaves 4-5 in. long leaflets opposite, firm, glabrous, obtuse, glaucous, |-f in. long stipules free, minute, deltoid. Bacemes long-peduncled, at first close finally \-% ft. long
pedicels short, pilose bracts linear, not protruded. Calyx fin., tubular, thinly pilose
Corolla in. keel abruptly incurved, much
teeth setaceous, half as long as the tube.
shorter than the wings and standard. Pod glabrous, very turgid, 1-1| in. long, narrowed to both ends ; stalk finally longer than the calyx.
;

** Stipules large.
49. A. frig-idus, Bunge Mon. i. 25; ii. 28; herbaceous, leaflets 9-15
Phaca
oblong, calyx-teeth minute, pod oblong stalked unilocular 6-8-seeded.
frigida, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 273.

"Western Himalayas, temperate region Gurwhal, Kistwar, Lahux. Distrib.

Mountains through the north temperate zone.
Stems 1-2 ft. high, erect, stout, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 in. long leaflets opposite,
thin, an inch or more long, green, glabrescent above, glaucous with a few obscure hairs
below stipules ovate or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, free, persistent, ^-f in. long. Bacemes long-peduncled, moderately close, subseeund, finally 2-3 in. long pedicels black;

Astragalus.']

i-

L.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

131

tubular, with

a few obscure adpressed black hairs.

Corolla twice the calyx, bright yellow; standard exceeding the wings and keel.
Pod
an inch long, glabrous, turgid, membranous, narrowed to both ends.
silky,

Calyx

in.

in.,

A. vicioides,

Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5931, non. Ledeb. Herbaceous,

oblong 17-21, calyx-teeth minute, pod oblong stalked bilocular 8-9A. concretus, Benth. in Royle HI. 199.
seeded.
50.

leaflets

Central Himalayas, temperate region Nipal, Kistvar and Kunawar.

Stems 1-2 ft. high, erect, moderately stout, hollow, glabrous. Leaves |^- ft. leaflets
1-1 in. long, thin, oblong, obtuse, green and glabrescent above, glaucous, with a few
adpressed hairs below stipules broad, membranous, connate, -f in. long. Racemes
long-peduncled, close, 2-3 in. long pedicels ^-^ in., subglabrous bracts lanceolate,
Calyx | in., tubular, glabrous except the teeth, the mouth oblique. Corolla
-| in.
bright yellow, twice the calyx petals equal. Pod glabrous, oblong, membranous, turgid, |-f in. long, narrowed to both ends.
;

51. A. graveolens, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5929; shrubby, leaflets 17-19

round-oblong, calyx-teeth half as long as the tube, pod ensiform subcompressed
stalked bilocular 12-18-seeded. Bunge Mon. i. 26 ii. 31
Benth. in Royle III.
;

A. rotundifolius, Royle

199.

Diagn.

A.

ix.

66; Fl. Orient,

Jaquem.

stipulates,

ii.

III.

199

Bunge

268; Bunge

A. medullaris, Boiss.
A. Scottianus, Stocks MSS.

loc.

loc. cit.

cit.

MSS. non Don.

West Himalayas, temperate

Gurwhal, Kunawar, Kumaon.

region, alt. 4-12,500

Distrib.

ft.

Kashmir, Kistvar,

Piti,

Afghanistan, Beloochistan.
tall undershrub, with copious virgate terete glaucous branches.
Leaves 4-6 in.
long leaflets opposite, firm, obtuse, glaucous, glabrous on both sides, subdistant, -] in.
long stipules free, foliaceous, cordate, ovate or lanceolate, l-l in. long. Racemes
long-peduncled, ^1 ft. long pedicels, ~-^ in. bracts linear, glabrous. Calyx tubular,
Corolla yellow, twice the calyx standard
glabrous, in. long mouth very oblique.
slightly exceeding the wings and keel. Pod 1-1 \ in. long, | in. broad, glabrous, membranous, nearly straight stalk as long as the calyx.

A
;

52. A. stipulates, D. Dan in Bat. Mag. t. 2380; Prod. Nep. 246;

herbaceous, leaflets 31-41 oblong, calyx-teeth as long as the tube, pod oblong
Wall. Cat. 5928 Benth. in Royle III. 199 ;
subsessile bilocular 15- 20- seeded.
;

Bunge Man.

i.

28;

ii.

33.

East Himalayas, temperate region,

alt.

Steins stout, erect, hollow, glabrous, 3-6

6-8000

ft

Nipal and Sikkim.

high.
Leaves \-l ft. long leaflets thin,
obtuse, 1-2 in. long, green, glabrescent above, glaucous with a few adpressed hairs
below; stipules membranous, concrete, leaf-opposed, amplexicaul, 1-3 in. long.
Racemes long-peduncled, ^-1 ft. long, at first dense ; pedicels in. ; bracts ^ in.,
Calyx tubular, f-1^ in., finely grey-downy. Corolla yellow,
lanceolate, membranous.
| in. ; petals equal. Pod glabrous, turgid, rather recurved, narrowed into a long beak.

Subgen".

7.

IHyobroma,

low shrubs, with

ending in a

Bunge.

ft.

Stemless or short-stemmed perennial or

stipules adnate in the lower part to the petiole, leaf-rachis

leaflet, large

yellow flowers in close heads, gibbous calyces and

naked stigmas.
* Stemless.

53. A. rhizanthus, Royle III. 200; heads subsessile, leaflets oblong

obtuse densely silky, leaf-rachis not indurated, calyx-teeth linear, pod subsessile.

Bunge Mon.

i.

35

ii.

60.

x2

132

L.

leguminosj3.

West Himalayas, temperate and

(J.

G. Baker.)

alpine regions,

alt.

[Astragalus:

9-16,000

ft.;

Zanskab,

Lahtjl, Kashmib, Kunawab.

Stipules - in.,
Tufts one or several together at the crown of a woody rootstock.
lanceolate petiole and leaf-rachis densely silky, the latter 2-4 in. long, not persisting
after the leaflets fall; leaflets 31-41, |- in. long, glaucous, persistently silky on
both sides, the upper close, the lower distant. Heads dense, many-flowered, usually
quite sessile at the crown of the rootstock bracts linear, |- in. long, densely silky.
Corolla half as long
Calyx tubular, silky, | in. long teeth half as long as the tube.
again as the calyx wings shorter than the standard, and keel than the wings. Pod
densely silky, -f in. long, oblong, turgid, bilocular, splitting open the calyx, 15-20seeded, narrowed suddenly into the beak.
;

54. A. acaulis, Baker MSS. ; heads subsessile, leaflets lanceolate acute

glabrous, leaf-rachis not indurated, calyx-teeth lanceolate, ovary stipitate.

Sikkim, alpine region, alt. 16-17,000 ft., HooJc.fil.

Tufts several from the crown of the woody rootstock, the glabrous stems at most
Leaves 2-3 in. long, distinctly petioled; leaflets 25-31, green,
an inch long.
narrowed gradually to a point, \-% in. long stipules \ in., membranous, lanceolate.
Calyx under | in. long, clothed with a few adpressed
Heads 2-3-flowered, sessile.
hairs teeth a third as long as the tube. Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx petals
Ovary glabrous, distinctly stalked ovules 12-16.
subequal standard in. broad,
Pod not seen.
;

55. A. Webbianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5936; heads subsessile, leaflets

oblong obtuse glabrous, leaf-rachis indurated, calyx-teeth linear-setaceous, pod
ii. 51.
subsessile. Benth. in Boyle III. 199 Bunge Mon. i. 39
;

Kunawab and West

Tibet, alt. 12-16,000 ft., alpine region.

Stipules linear
Tufts densely caespitose at the crown of a thick woody rootstock.
or lanceolate, |-| in. petiole 1-4 in. long, stramineous, glabrous, like the leaf-rachis,
which is 3-6 in. long and becomes wiry in texture; leaflets 31-51, scattered, distant, rather caducous, f-f in. long, glaucous with a few fine spreading hairs in the
early stage. Heads many-flowered, sessile or short-peduncled pedicels i-| in. bracts
Calyx tubular, in. long teeth a third as long as the
linear, exceeding the pedicels,
wings distinctly shorter than the standard, and
Corolla under an inch long
tube.
keel than the wings. Pod oblong, turgid, glabrous, ^-f in. long, bilocular, 15-20-seeded,
narrowed suddenly at both ends.
;

56.

A. bakuensis, Bunge Mon.

pod

subsessile.

i.

37;

ii.

45; heads long-peduncled,

downy,

leaf-rachis net at all indurated, calyx-teeth setaceous,

Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 283.

leaflets linear finely

Punjab, subtropical zone Salt range, Fleming, Stewart. Distbib. Orient.

Leaves \-% ft. long; petioles 2-6 in. long, densely clothed with short spreading
;

31-41, distant, opposite or alternate, glaucous, distinctly stalked,

^-f in. Racemes many-flowered, laxer than in the
other species peduncle 2-12 in. long, finely downy; bracts linear-setaceous, | in.
Calyx tubular, downy, in. long; teeth a third as long as the tube.
Corolla
long.
half as long again as the calyx, considerably tinged with purple petals subequal.
bilocular,
silky,
15-20-seeded,
densely
not
seen
mature. Connects
Pod oblong,
Myobroma with Phaca.
hairs;

-f

in.

leaflets

long

stipules lanceolate,

** Stems distinct.

A. Candolleanus,

Boyle HI. 199, non Boiss, heads subsessile,

17-25, leaf-rachises indurated persisting long after the leaflets fall,
pod linear-oblong narrowed from the middle to both ends. A. Royleanus,
57.

leaflets

Bunge Mon.

i.

30

ii.

34.

;;

Astragalus.']

LEGUMiNOSiE.

l.

(J.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine

Kunawar, Kashmir, Gturwhal, Kumaon.

G. Baker.)

133

region, alt. 8-13,000 ft.;

West

Tibet,

Stems woody, not more than a few inches long, beset below the tufts of leaves with
the copious ascending woody rachises of the old leaves with the lanceolate membranous
stipules still persisting. Leaves 3-4 in. long leaflets oblong, obtuse, glaucous, |^ in.
Heads dense, many- flowered
long, more or less silky; petioles 1-2 in., finely downy.
Calyx in., densely silky teeth linear,
pedicels - in., densely silky ; bracts linear.
a third as long as the tube. Corolla an inch long wings shorter than the standard,
keel than the wings. Pod f-1 in. long, curved, short-stalked, firm, turgid, bilocular,
12-16-seeded.
plant from Kumaon and G-urwhal, of which we have incomplete examples gathered by Falconer and Madden (var. pindreensis, Benth.) with the general habit and
copious persistent indurated petioles of this species, but with a shorter pod rounded at
both ends like the next, will probably prove distinct from both when fully known.
Bunge cites from Boyle III. p. 199,' A. subcaulescens, which he keeps up as a
species, but says he has not seen. Eoyle has no such plant.
;

'

A.

pyrrhotrichus, Boiss. Diag. ix. 73; Fl. Orient, ii. 290; heads
58.
distinctly peduncled, leaflets 41-51 clothed with long silky hairs, leaf-rachis not
indurated nor persistent. Bunge Mon. i. 39 ; ii. 54.

Hazara, 2-6000 ft., Stewart. Punjab, near Atok, Gen. Eyre, Aitchison Distrib.
Afghanistan.
Stems short, woody, densely clothed with long soft spreading fine pale brown hairs.
Stipules -f in. long, lanceolate, silky; leaf-rachis including petiole |-1 ft. long,
densely clothed with spreading hairs, much overtopping the heads ; leaflets green,
roundish or obovate-oblong, |-f in. long, obtuse, with a minute mucro. Heads close, 612-flowered peduncle 1-4 in. ; pedicels short bracts linear-setaceous, plumose. Calyx
densely silky, Ji in. long teeth setaceous, nearly as long as the tube.
Corolla half
Pod subsessile, dimidiate-oblong, densely silky, bilocular,
-as long again as the calyx.
10-12-seeded.
;

59.

A. malacophyllus, Benth. MSS.

heads shortly peduncled,

leaflets

31-41 densely silky, leaf-rachises not indurated nor persistent, pod oblong
narrowed suddenly at both ends. Bunge Mon. i. 36 ii. 61.
;

West Himalayas, temperate region, alt. 8-11,000 ft. Kashmir and Kistwar.
Stems densely pubescent, usually short, but reaching a foot long. Leaves 2-4 in.
long; leaflets close, oblong, obtuse, densely silky, - in. long stipules lanceolate, f-\ in.
Heads close or rarely sublax peduncles an inch or less bracts linear-setaceous, exCalyx \ in., densely silky teeth linear, a third the
ceeding the distinct pedicels.
Corolla half as long again as the calyx wings rather shorter
length of the tube.
than the standard; keel shorter still. Pod \ in. long, sessile, very turgid, firm,
;

bilocular, silky, 8-10-seeded.

60.

A. anomalus, Bunge

leaflets

25-31 nearly glabrescent,

Mon. i. 35 ; ii. 62-, heads distinctly peduncled,

leaf-rachises not indurated nor persistent.

West

Tibet, Falconer.
Closely allied to the last, from which it mainly differs by its longer peduncles and
Leaves 3-4 in. long leaflets oblong, obtuse, |*-| in. long, the upper
fewer leaflets.
close, the lower distant, green, with a few short silky hairs
stipules lanceolate, | in.
long.
Calyx in. teeth setaceous, plumose, half as long as the tube. Corolla |g- in.
proportion of the petals as in A. malacophyllus.
Ovary linear, silky, nearly sessile
ovules about 20. Pod not seen.
;

Subgen. 8. JEg acantha, Bunge.

shrubs, with basifixed hairs,
stipules adnate at the base to the petiole, persistent rigid leaf-rachises without

Low

134

L.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Astragalus.

any leaflet at the end, large yellow flowers in the axils of the leaves without
any peduncles, gibbous calyces and naked stigmas. Included in Fischer's monograph in Tragacantha, from which they are separated by their pedicelled gibbous
calyx.
* Leaflets glabrescent or obscurely silky.

A.

poly acanthus, Rorjle III. 199, non Wall. Cat. 5934; spines
61.
short, stipules deltoid or lanceolate-deltoid, leaflets 9-13, flowers sessile in the
A.
axils of the leaves usually geminate, corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Daltonianus, Bunge Man. i. 44 ; ii. 69. A. psilocentrus, Fisch. Bunge Mon.
;

A. scariosus, Benth. MSS. Bunge Mon. i. 44 ii. 71. A. Grahamianus, Boyle III. 199, t. 36, fig. 2 Bunge Mon. i. 44 ii. 68. A. Jacquemontii, Bunge Mon. i. 44 ii. 68.
i,

44

ii.

70.

Common in the north-west, ascending from the plains of the Punjab to 12,000 ft.,
reaching east to Ktjmaox and Gharwal. Distrib. Afghanistan.
A copiously-branched undershrub, with short branchlets armed with the crowded
ascending old leaf-rachises, which are not more than 1| 2 in. long. Leaflets oblong,
glabrescent or persistently slightly silky, pale glaucous green, rather thick in texture,
often complicate, ^~ in. long.
Pedicels silky, |-^ in.
Calyx tubular, in. long,
glabrescent or thinly silky; mouth oblique; teeth short, linear.
Corolla l-l in.
long wings shorter than the standard, and keel than the wings. Pod in. long,
dimidiate-oblong, turgid, sessile, bilocular, 15-20-seeded.

A.

cicerifolius, Boyle Bunge Mon. i. 44 ii. 70 ; spines elongated,

31-41, stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, flowers in peduncled
heads, corolla not twice as long as the calyx. A. oplites, Benth. MSS. A.
tenuispinus, Bunge Mon. i. 44 ii. 70.
A. microphyllus, Jacquem. MSS.
'62.

leaflets

West Himalayas, temperate and

Kashmir, Garwhal, Kttnawar, &c.

alpine region,

alt.

10-17,000

ft.

Nttbra, Ladak,

An

undershrub, densely armed with the erecto-patent rigid stramineous leafwhich are ^ \ ft. long. Leaflets finely silky at first, mostly glabrescent
when mature, pale green, thick in texture, obtuse, sometimes emarginate, ascending,
caducous, \-1 in. long, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong.
Flowers usually 3-4 together
on short peduncles from the axils of the leaves pedicels ^-\ in. bracts linear or
setaceous, exceeding the pedicels.
Calyx in., with a few adpressed black or
brownish silky hairs teeth setaceous, a third as long as the tube. Proportion of the
'petals as in the last.
Pod |-| in. long, oblong, turgid, bilocular, densely silky, narrowed
to the point, 15-20-seeded.
rachises,

** Leaflets persistently densely silky.

63.
main stems not produced, branchlets
. multiceps, Wall. Cat. 5937
with densely crowded nodes, flowers 1-2 together in leaf-axils usually not
;

peduncled, corolla twice as long as the calyx.

Bunge Mon.

i.

44,

ii.

69.

"West Himalayas, temperate zone, alt. 10-12,000 ft.; Simxa, Ktjmaon, Garwhal.
Tufts densely congested, armed with the very crowded ascending old leaf-rachises,
which are 1^-3 in. long. Stipules \ in., lanceolate, adnate only at the very base
leaflets 21-31, mostly crowded, obovate-oblong, jjj^-| in. long, thick in texture,
dull green, clothed with grey silky hairs.
Pedicels ^-^ in.
bracts linear, exceeding
the pedicels.
Calyx in., thinly silky teeth linear-setaceous, half as long as the
tube.
Corolla in. standard exceeding wings and keel.
Pod sessile, oblong, turgid,
bilocular, 12-14-seeded, clothed with fine grey silky hairs.
;

64.

zanskarensis,

Benth.

MSS.

main stems

short, branchlets

L. leguminos-zb.

Astragalus.]

G. Baker.)

(J.

135

with densely crowded nodes, flowers in short-peduncled heads, corolla half as

long again as the calyx.

Bunge Mon.

i.

43,

ii.

67.

West Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 10-14,000 ft.; Zanskar,
Thomson.
A dichotomously-branched undershrub, with the old part of the stems densely
Stipules lanceolate,
beset with stiff persistent ascending leaf-rachises 3-4 in. long.
^ in. long; leaflets 21-25, close, oblong, obtuse, caducous, i- in. long, densely
clothed on both sides with rather spreading short pale brown silky pubescence.
Flowers up to a half-a-dozen in heads much overtopped by the leaves pedicels in.,
Calyx || in., tubular, densely
densely pubescent bracts linear-setaceous, plumose.
wings shorter than
Corolla f in.
silky teeth setaceous, \ as long as the tube.
standard and keel than wings.
Ovary oblong, silky, short-stalked ovules about 20.
;

Pod not

seen.

65. A. leptocentrus, Bunge Mon. i. 44; ii. 69 ; main stems elongated,

branchlets with densely crowded nodes, flowers 1-2 together in leaf- axils not
peduncled, corolla twice as long as the calyx. A. leptacanthus, Benth. MSS.

non

Boiss.

ty

Buhse.

"West Himalayas,
Winterbottom.

alpine

region.

Piti,

alt.

14,000

Thomson;

ft.,

Hazara,

A low undershrub. with branches clothed with very dense short pale brown
spreading pubescence. Leaf-rachises erecto-patent, 2-3 in. long, persistently pubescent; leaflets 21-31, oblong, obtuse, |f in. long, persistently matted on both
sides with thick grey- brown silky pubescence.
Pedicels ^ in., densely silky bracts
plumose, linear-setaceous.
Calyx in., densely silky teeth linear-setaceous, a third
as long as the tube.
Corolla an inch long keel much shorter than standard and
wings. Pod oblong, ^| in., sessile, silky, turgid, bilocular, 12-14-seeded.
;

66. A. bicuspis, Fisch. Mon. Trag. No. 94; main stems elongated,
nodes not crowded, flowers 1-3 together in the axils of the leaves not
peduncled, corolla half as long again as the calyx. Bunge Mon. i. 43, ii. 69.
A. lasiocladus, Benth. MSS.

Hazara and West

Tibet, temperate zone, Winterbottom, Jacquemont, Falconer.

Branches clothed with dense spreading or
General habit of A. poly acanthus.
deflexed pale brown silky hairs.
Spines 1-2 in. long, stramineous, erecto-patent.
Stipules |- in., lanceolate-cuspidate; leaflets 13-17, oblong, J-| in. long, obtuse,
or subacute, shaggy with dense pubescence like the stem. Pedicels very short. Calyx
Corolla || in. wiDgs and
\ in. long, shaggy with dense silky hairs like the stem.
keel much shorter than the standard. Pod shaggy, subsessile, oblong, bilocular, f-^ in.
;

long, 8-10-seeded.

Sttbgen. 9. Trag-acantha, Bunge.

low shrub with basifixed hairs,
indurated spiny leaf-rachis, caducous leaflets and sessile calyx narrowed equally
to the base.
67.

A. strobiliferus,

in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 39,

t.

Boyle HI. 199

47, not Lindl.

West Himalayas, temperate and

Kunawar. Distrib. Afghanistan.

Bunge Mon.

alpine region,

alt.

i.

8-13,000

83,

ft.

ii.

146

Piti,

Camb.

Kashmir,

A copiously-branched undershrub, not more than a few inches high, densely

armed with the ascending spine-tipped stramineous petioles, which are 1-2 inches
long.
Stipules membranous, deltoid, adnate to the petiole, like those of a rose,
except at the tip leaflets 11-13, oblanceolate, glaucous, rigid, acute, - in. long,
strigillose.
Flowers a few sessile in the axil of each petiole, scarcely protruding
;

136

L. LEGUMiNOS.aE.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

[Astragalus.

down to the base, each lobe like a dense

Corolla yellow, little xexserted petals equal, marcescent standard panduriform. Pod sessile, silky, 3-4-seeded.
Bunge gives his A. glabrifolius, Mon. i. 93, ii. 167, gathered also by Griffith in
Afghanistan, from the West Himalayas, on Falconer's authority. It has much longer
petioles, longer flat glabrous leaflets, flowers of many nodes at the top of a short stem
beyond the

stipules.

Calyx \

in. long, cleft

tuft of thick white pubescence.

aggregated into a thick very dense oblong head.

HerbaSttbgen. 10. Cercidothrix, Bunge (including Calycocystis).

ceous perennials, densely canescent with adpressed white bristly hairs fixed
by the centre like those of Indigofera, moderately large yellow flowers and
glabrous stigmas.
Outlying representatives of a group of above 300 species,
mostly Central Asian.
68. A. peduncularis, Royle HI. 199; leaflets 21-25 distant narrowoblong, racemes many-flowered lax in the lower part, calyx permanently
Bunge Mon. i. 96,
tubular, pod linear very turgid unilocular many-seeded.
ii. 168.

West Tibet; Dras and Zanskar, alt. 9-12,000 ft., Thomson, Henderson;
Ktjnawar, Royle.
Stems tall, erect, glabrous, firm, little branched, 1-2 ft. high, with only a few obscure
adpressed bristles. Leaves 3-4 in. long rachis channelled down the face leaflets
obtuse or subacute, - in. long, pale green, glabrescent above, persistently strigillose
below stipules deltoid, free, membranous.
Racemes 2-4 in. long, dense upwards,
Phaca-like peduncles finally ^ ft. or more pedicels very short, cernuous bracts
lanceolate, in., subpersistent.
Calyx \ in., finely downy teeth very short, upper
Corolla twice the calyx; keel and wings nearly equal,
deltoid, lower lanceolate.
rather shorter than the standard. Pod sessile, firm, glabrous, very turgid, -f in. long,
depressed down the keel, but the suture not intruded seeds 15-20.
;

69. A. subulatus, M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Caucas. ii. 193; leaflets 9-13
distant linear, racemes few-flowered lax, calyx permanently tubular, pod long
cylindrical half-bilocular many-seeded.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 481.
A. anfractuosus, Bunge Mon. i. 125, ii. 218.

West

Tibet, alpine region,

istan, Bsloochistan, Crimea,

alt.

West

12,000

ft.,

Thomson, Henderson.

Distrib. Afghan-

Siberia, Chinese Tartary.

Stems under a foot high, 2-3 times dichotomously forked, the branches divaricated,
thinly clothed with minute white bristles. Leaves |-1 in. long
leaflets -f- in.
acute, firm, pale green, persistently strigillose on both sides
stipules linear, very
minute. Racemes 3-12-flowered, 1-2 in. long; peduncles rigid, exceeding the leaves,
clothed with mixed black and white adpressed hairs pedicels very short bracts
minute, lanceolate, persistent.
Calyx cylindrical, ^f in. long, densely clothed with
adpressed mixed black and white bristles teeth minute, lanceolate.
Corolla nearly
twice the calyx wings shorter than the standard keel much shorter, the lamina
not more than half as long as the claw. Pod cylindrical, 1-1^ in. long, canescent
with similar bristles to those of the calyx and peduncle, firm, rostrate, 20-30-seeded,
straight or slightly recurved, narrowed to a short stalk.
;

A.

70.
nivalis,
close oblong, racemes

Kar. # Kir. Enum. PL Song. No. 272; leaflets 13-17

many-flowered capitate, calyx becoming inflated, pod

very small half-bilocular few-seeded.

sonianus, Benth. MSS.

Bunge Mon.

i.

137,

ii.

234.

A. Thom-

West Tibet, alpine region, alt. 11-16,000 ft.; Zanskar, Ladak, and Sassar,
Thomson, Stewart. Distrib. Central Siberia.
Root thick, woody. Stems \-$ ft., densely csespitose, slender, finely canescent. Leaf


Oxytropis.}

L.

leguminosj:.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

137

1-1 in. leaflets - in., obtuse, densely white-canescent on both sides stipules small,
Flowers 6-20, in a dense head, all ascending peduncles
lanceolate, cuspidate, free.
1-2 in., finely canescent ; bracts lanceolate, shaggy, exceeding the very short pedicels.
Calyx \ in. membranous, tubular at first, densely silky, becoming much inflated after
;

Corolla nearly twice the calyx wings shorter

the petals fall teeth short, lanceolate.
than the standard keel snorter still. Pod -f in., oblique oblong, silky, distinctly
stalked, 2-4-seeded, with the introverted suture reaching half through.
;

UNKNOWN

SPECIES.

Of

A. cceruleus, Hort. Paris; Bunge Mon. i. 103, ii. 184, a species near A.
Onobrychis, supposed to have been raised in the Paris garden from Ceylon seeds, we
know nothing. No doubt the locality is a mistake.

OXYTHOPIS, DO.

27.

Herbaceous perennials with odd-pinnate leaves, the flowers usually in dense

Calyx tubular or campanulate, with 5 subequal teeth.
heads.
Corolla more or
less exserted
standard longest keel shortest, pointed with a distinct cusp.
Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, many-ovuled
style abruptly incurved beardless, stigma capitate.
Pod oblong or roundish,
;

turgid, continuous longitudinally within, unilocular or rarely bilocular.

Disteib.

Species about 100, spread through the North temperate zone.

Sect. I. XXypog'lottidei. Flowers in dense peduncled heads. Leaflets not
more than one from the same point. Habit of Astragalus, section Hypoylottis.

* Flowers purple, rarely yellow.

O. lapponica, Gaud.

Fl. Helv. iv. 545; stemless or short-stemmed,

13-25, flowers in permanently dense heads, calyx nearly
sessile, pod of the lower flowers or all the flowers deflexed.
0. microrhyncha,
Benth. MSS. Phaca lapponica, DC. Prodr. ii. 274.
1.

leaflets lanceolate

in the alpine and temperate regions, alt. 9-17,000

Sikkim, Hook. fil. Distrib. Mts. of Europe and Siberia.
Stems often not developed, sometimes \-^ ft. long. Leaves 1-3 in. long leaflets
| J in., green in the type, with a few adpressed white silky hairs or sometimes nearly
stipules - \ in., leaf-opposed, connate towards the base.
glabrescent
Peduncles
^^ ft., with only a few adpressed hairs flowers 6-20 in a dense rounded head bracts
Calyx ^-\ in., coated with adpressed nearly black silky hairs teeth
minute, linear.
linear, shorter than the tube.
Corolla bright purple, f-^ in. long; keel much
Pod linear-oblong, g in. long, unilocular, keeled down the
shorter than the wings.
back, 5-6-seeded, clothed with a few obscure black or white hairs ; stalk as long as
the calyx-tube.

"Western Himalayas, frequent

ft.

Var. 1. Jacquemontiana, Benth.; stemless, very dwarf, the whole plant not
more than 1-3 in. high, leaflets few small thick greenish, heads 1-3-flowered, corolla

A high alpine

rather larger than in the type.

Var.

form.

kumifusa, Kar. <$f Kir., sp.

stemless, leaflets densely and persistently
white-silky on both sides, calyx more densely silky, the black hairs mixed with
O. glacialis, Benth. MSS.
copious white ones.
Alpine zone of Kashmir and Western
2.

Tibet.

Var.

3.

xanthantha, Baker

general habit and leaves of the type, but calyx

and corolla yellow. East Tibet Lama

longer, with teeth quite as long as the tube

Kongra,
2.

alt.

15,000

ft.,

Hook. fil.

O. mollis, Royle

III.

198;

stemless,

tall,

leaflets

densely white-

138

L.

LEGUMIN0S2E.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Oxytropis.

13-25 oblong or lanceolate-oblong, heads finally sublax, corolla half

as long again as the calyx, pods ascending.
O. floribunda, Benth. in JRoyle III.
198.
Astragalus vesiculosus, Jacquem. MSS.
silky

alpine region, alt. 10-12,000 ft. Laitdx, Zanskar, Kunawar, &c.

Tufts $-1 ft. high, crowded at the top of a -woody rootstock. Leaves long-petioled,
2-3 in. long leaflets ~ in. long, moderately thick, pale green, densely clothed on
both sides with persistent adpressed white silky hairs stipules lanceolate or deltoidheads
cuspidate, densely silky.
Peduncles usually much overtopping the leaves
Calyx ^-^ in long,
finally 2-3 in. long; pedicels very short; bracts minute, linear.
densely clothed with mixed black and white silky hairs. Pod ^ in. long, oblongcylindrical, unilocular, distinctly stalked, 6-8-seeded.

West Himalayas,

3.
O. Thomson!, Benth. MSS. ; stemless, tall, leaflets lanceolate
densely white-silky 13-51, heads finally sublax, corolla twice as long as the
calyx, pods ascending.

West Himalayas, temperate and

alpine region,

alt.

7-15,000

ft.

Lahtjx, Ladak,

Kashmir.
General habit of O. mollis. Leaves long-petioled, 4-6 in. long; leaflets grey -green,
narrower in proportion, f-1 in. long, not so thick nor densely silky as in the last; stipules
Racemes finally 3-4 in. long peduncles equalling or overlanceolate, in. long.
topping the leaves; pedicels ^-^ in. bracts linear, small. Calyx \| in., densely
clothed with mixed black and white silky hairs teeth plumose, the lower nearly as
long as the tube. Pod oblong-cylindrical, unilocular, 4-6-seeded, with a few minute
adpressed white hairs stalk as long as the calyx-tube.
;

** Flowers mostly yellow, rarely varying to purple.

4. O. dens a, Benth. MSS.-, acaulescent, very dwarf, leaflets 15-17
minute densely-silky, heads few-flowered short-peduncled, pod ovate-cylindrical

bilocular.

West

Tibet, alpine region, alt. 16-17,000 ft., Thomson, Strachey.

Tufts densely csespitose from a woody root, the whole plant not more than 11 ^- in.
above the surface. Leaves under | in. long leaflets
in. long, close, oblong, thickly
matted with persistent grey-silky hairs stipules deltoid, membranous, 1^-2 in., connate downwards. Heads 3-6-flowered
peduncles densely silky, \- % in. pedicels
very short. Bracts small, linear. Calyx in., densely silky; tube campanulate
teeth linear, shorter than the tube.
Corolla half as long again as the calyx. Pod
sessile, finely silky, narrowed gradually from the middle to the point, turgid, 5-6;

5. O. Strachey an a, Benth. MSS. ; stemless, very dwarf, leaflets 5-7

densely silky, heads few-flowered short-peduncled, pod round-oblong turgid

unilocular.

West

Tibet, alpine region

Darma Yankti,

alt.

15,500

ft.,

Strachey

Winter-

bottom.

Whole plant not above a couple

of inches above the surface.

Stipules deltoid,

membranous, minute leaflets thick, complicate, oblong, | in. long, densely matted
with grey-brown silky hairs. Heads short-peduncled, 2-3-flowered bracts minute
;

Calyx f in. long, tubular, densely clothed with ascending grey

pedicels very short.
silky hairs teeth linear, 3\ tube. Corolla half as long again as the calyx. Pod \ in.
long, sessile, 3-4-seeded, densely clothed with long persistent pale brown silky hairs.
;

6. O. tatarica, Jacquem. MSS.

stemless, leaflets small 13-21 densely
matted with white silky hairs, heads dense long-peduncled, bracts minute, pod
;

sessile inflated unilocular

round-oblong.


Oxytropis.]

West

l.

(J. G.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

Baker.)

Tibet, alpine region, frequent, alt. 13-17,000

ft.

139
Ntjbra, Zanskar, Piti,

Parang, Ladak, &c.

Densely tufted, the whole plant 3-4

Leaves ^-1 in. long leaflets close,

in. high.
except the lowest, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, ^-| long, thick, densely persistently
matted with white silky hairs on both sides stipules minute, deltoid, silky. Flowers
20-40, in very dense heads pedicels scarcely any bracts minute, linear, white- pluCalyx -^ in., densely white-silky teeth nearly or quite as long as the tube.
mose.
Corolla not more than half as long again as the calyx, usually all yellow, rarely purple or the keel tipped with purple
standard oblong-spathulate, exceeding the wings
and keel. Pod much inflated, membranous, sessile, J-f in. long, 5-6-seeded, shaggy
with loose dense white silky hairs.
;

O. cachemirica, Camb.

in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 38, t. 44; stem

13-21 oblong-lanceolate densely white-silky, heads dense longpeduncled, bracts distinct lanceolate, pod sessile inflated round-oblong uni7.

short, leaflets

locular.

West Tibet and Kashmir,

temperate zone,

8-10,000

alt.

ft.

Distrib. Central

Siberia.

Whole

plant \-\ ft. high.

Stems ascending from a woody rootstock, finely pubesLeaves 1-2 in. long leaflets - in. long, clothed on both sides with loose
white silky hairs stipules lanceolate or deltoid, connate downwards. Flowers 12-30
in a dense head pedicels very short.
Calyx fin. long, densely white-silky; teeth
linear, nearly or quite as long as the tube.
Corolla half as long again as the calyx.
Pod just like that of the last but rather larger.
cent.

O. BEeinshausenii,

Schrenk; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 786; stem distinct,

17-31 thin large oblong green pubescent, heads dense long-peduncled,
bracts conspicuous, pod short-stalked oblong unilocular. Bunge Bel. Lehm. 76.
8.

leaflets

West Himalayas,
Stewart.

Distrib.

temperate region; valley of Kishengunga,

alt.

9-11,000

ft.,

Siberia.

leaflets
first thinly pilose.
Leaves 3-4 in. long
thinly clothed with rather long whitish hairs on both sides; stipules \-\ free, lanceolate or oblong. Flowers 12-20 in a dense head; peduncles erect,
4-6 in. long pedicels ^-^ia. bracts linear, ^-\ in. long, ciliated with black hairs.
Calyx | in., tubular, thinly clothed with adpressed black hairs teeth linear, half as
Corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Pod oblong,
long as the tube, black-plumose.
turgid, ^-| in. long, straight, 6-8-seeded, with a few dark silky hairs.
Dr. Hooker procured from Nipalese Tibet flower-heads of a fifth yellow-flowered
species which, as far as the material goes, matches the Siberian O. argentata, Led. It
differs from O. Meinshausenii by larger bracts, longer calyx with linear teeth as long
as the tube, corolla shorter in proportion, not more than half as long again as the
calyx.
These two represent in the Himalayas the group of O. campestris.

Stems a foot or more high, at

^-f

in. long, obtuse,

Sect.

2.

Verticillares, DC.

Herbaceous perennials with flowers in

dense heads, with leaflets often in pairs from the same point, so that they are
whorled when the nodes are opposite on the two sides of the leaf-rachis.
9.

O. microphylla, DC.

chiliophylla, Boyle

III.

198

Prodr. ii. 279

Led. Fl. Boss.
Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 38, t. 45.
;

i.

578.

O.

West Himalayas, alpine region, alt. 11-16,000 ft.; Zanskar, Piti, Sassar,
NlTBRA, KUNAWAR, &C. SlKKIM, Hook. fit.
Stemless, erect, -f ft. high, the tufts densely caespitose at the top of a woody
rootstock, the deltoid imbricated stipules clothed with dense tufts of long white
silky hairs.
Leaf short-petioled, 1^-3 m.long; leaflets crowded, linear-oblong, || in.
long, subcoriaceous, grey-green, gland-dotted, with fine deciduous pubescence, the edges
much reflexed. Peduncles equalling or overtopping the leaves flowers 4-15, the heads
J

140

leguminos^.

L.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Oxytrojois.

Calyx in. long, tubular,

at first close, becoming 2-3 in. long -when they expand.
clothed with large sessile glands, nearbVgJabrous teeth short, linear, pubescent. Corolla
bright purple, twice the calyx. Pot^foalf-bil ocular^ sessile, linear, turgid, recurved,
densely gland-dotted, ^labrous^bllo^uhar^see^s 20-30.
;

Sect. 3. Fhacoidei. Herbaceous caulescent perennials, with flowers in

elongated racemes. Habit of Astragalus, section Phaca.

O. diffusa,

10.

Astrag. No. 31,

t.

Led. Alt. iii. 281

Prodr. ii. 280.

Icon. Ross.

451.

t.

O. glabra,

DC.

West

Tibet, temperate region, alt. 7-8000 feet. Distrib. "West Siberia.

Stems copiously branched, firm, slender, zigzag, terete,
Caulescent, 1-2 ft. high.
Leaves 2-3 in. long leaflets 9-1 3, lanceolate, -1 in. long, green, rather
glabrous.
stipules minute,
thick, acute, glabrous or with only a few minute obscure hairs
Racemes 2-4 in. long pedicels very short bracts minute,
free, deltoid, foliaceous.
;

lanceolate.
Calyx in., campanulate, with a few adpressed black and white hairs.
Corolla yellow, twice the calyx. Pod - in. long, oblong, sessile, turgid, unilocular,
straight, glabrous, 6-10-seeded.

T A VERNIER A,

28.

Much-branched undershrubs.

DC.

Leaves simple or 3-foliolate.

Flowers in lax
Calyx-tube turbinate ; teeth 5, distinct, setaceous from a deltoid base.
standard obovate ; wings small, much
Corolla marcescent, much exserted
Stamens monadelphous ; anthers
shorter keel obtuse, as long as the standard.
Ovaf-y stalked, 2-4-ovulate style long, filiform, inflexed, stigma
uniform.
minute, capitate. Pod of 1-4 flattened indehiscent densely muricated joints.
Distrib. Species 3-4, reaching Egypt and Abyssinia.
racemes.

1.

T. nummularia, DC.

Prodr.

ii.

339

Mem.

Leg. vi. t. 52 Boiss.

in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv.
;

Fl. Orient, ii. 508.

102. H. sparteum,

Hedysarum nummularifolium, DC.

Burm. Fl. Lnd. 166, t. 51, fig. 2 ? T.

Onobrychis

Camb. in Jacquem. Toy. Bot.

Wight

Jc.

diffusa,

t.

1055

Dalz.

ides, Jaub. fy Spach. Lll.

PL

t.

Gibs.

spartea, DC. loc. eit. ?

T. cuneifolia, Am. in
T. gonoclada and T. ephedro-

t.

49.

Bomb. Fl. 67.

Hedysarum Gibsoni, Grah.

61 and 62.

Cat.

Bomb.

49.

Plains of Scinde and the Punjab. Disteib. Afghanistan, Orient.

copiously-branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high, with slender finely canescent
Leaves shortly petioled, usually 3-foliolate leaflets very variable in
terete branches.
size, |-1 in. long, obovate-oblong or nearly round, thick, pale green, thinly canescent
beneath, the side ones not opposite stipules free, minute, lanceolate, scariose. Raceihes
Calyx - in., thinly silky.
few- or many-flowered, usually exceeding the leaves.
Corolla red, glabrous, f-^ in. Joints of pod 1-4, roundish.

29.

EBENUS, Linn.

Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets entire, exstiFlowers red, in dense peduncled axillary spikes.
petiole often spinose.
Corolla much
Calyx-teeth 5, subequal, setaceous, plumose, exceeding the tube.
shorter than the calyx ; standard broad ; keel obtuse, as long as standard ; wings
Villous herbs or undershrubs.

pellate

Stamens monadelphous, the upper free at the base anthers uniform.

style filiform, incurved, stigma capitate.
Pod flat,
1-ovulate
Distrib. Species
oblong, included in the calyx-tube, membranous, indehiscent.
8, Oriental and Mediterranean.

short.

Ovary

1.

sessile,

E. stellata,

Boiss. Diag.

ii.

100

Fl. Orient,

ii.

557.

E. tragacan-

Menus.]

leguminos^.

l.

thoides, Jaub.
SpacJi. III. p.

Spach.

68,

III. iii.

t.

(J. Gr.

254.

Baker.)

141

E. horrida and ferruginea, Jauh.

fy

159-160.

Punjab-Himalaya,
chistan.

alt.

4-8000

ft.,

Stewart.

Distrib. Persia, Afghanistan, Beloo-

A low undershrub,

densely armed with woody erecto-patent spines l-l in. long.

Leaves shorter than the spines, digitately trifoliolate leaflets lanceolate, sub coriaceous,
sericeous, |- in. long.
Flowers sessile in dense stalked heads, on peduncles at most
as long as the spines, each head surrounded by a whorl of large lanceolate bracts.
Calyx % in., densely clothed with long brown silky hairs.
;

30.

OEISSAPSIS, W. & A.

Annuals. Leaves with two pairs of leaflets. Flowers in terminal racemes,

with large membranous persistent veined ciliated persistent bracts. Calyx deeply
2-lipped upper lip entire, lower obscurely toothed.
Corolla 2-3 times calyx
standard roundish
keel obtuse.
anthers uniform.
Stamens monadelphous
Ovary short-stalked, biovulate style incurved, stigma minute capitate. Joints
of pod 1-2, turgid in the middle, with a distinct flat border, reticulately-veined,
;

1-seeded, indehiscent.

Distrib. Sp. 3, the other Trop. African.

1. G-. cristata, W. fy A. Prodr. 218 ; flowers not more than ^ as long

as the long-bristled bracts. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62. Zornia disperma, Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5663.
Hedysarum bijugum, Klein MSS.

Plains of

Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Ava, Martaban, Tenasserim, and

Pegu.

A densely csespitose trailing annual, with slender naked branches |-2 ft. long.
Leaves petioled, with a very short rachis leaflets obovate, oblique, glabrous, truncate,
^ in. long stipules lanceolate, membranous, distinctly spurred. Heads dense, terminal, -2 in. long bracts much imbricated, ^ in. broad, reniform, ciliated with firm
in. long
Corolla twice the calyx.
yellow bristles
Joints 1-2,
in. long. Calyx
;

in. long.

2. G-. tenella, Benth. in Hohen. PI. Ind. Or. No. 659

quite as long as the short-bristled bracts.

flowers nearly or

Western Peninsula.
Habit of the last, but much smaller. Leaflets all four nearly from the same
Racemes copious, termipoint, i-^- in. long, obliquely obovate, truncate, glabrous.
nal, peduncled, 4-12-flowered; bracts obliquely oblong, less imbricated,

in., deeply
Calyx
strongly veined, ciliato-denticulate.
Joints 1-2, with a flat edge, round, with a turgid centre.

31.

ONOBRYCHIS,

cleft.

in.

Corolla yellow,

broad,

in.,

Gaertn.

Herbs. Leaves numerous, odd-pinnate, exstipellate. Flowers numerous, red,

Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth 5, disin long-peduncled axillary racemes.
Corolla much exserted ; standard broad ; wings short ; keel obtuse.
tinct.
Ovary sessile, 1-2-ovulate ; style
Stamens monadelphous ; anthers uniform.
Pod compressed, reniform, indefiliform, incurved, stigma terminal minute.
Distrib. Species about 50, Eurohiscent, 1-2-seeded, alveolate or echinate.
pean and Oriental.
1.

O. Stewartii, Baker.

Hazara, Dr. Stewart.

Eawul Pindee, Br. Aitchison.
Stems slender, 1^-2 ft., glabrescent. Ze<z/-rachis 3-4 in. long, including distinct

Punjab


142

l.

legtjminosjE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Lespedeza.

petiole; leaflets 9-11, oblanceolate, subacute, distant, f in. long, obscurely canescent stipules linear, minute. Racemes long-peduncled, 6-9 in. long, lax ; buds
crowded pedicels very short bracts linear, minute. Calyx campanulate,
in.,
silky teeth lanceolate.
standard glabrous, veined. " Pod
Corolla 3-4 times calyx
reniform, turgid, |-^ in., 1 -seeded faces woody, deeply alveolate ; edge muricated
with close minute spines.
second species, of which we have a scrap from Hazara,
gathered by Winterbottom, with oblong obtuse leaflets and a much larger calyx and
corolla agrees, as far as the material goes, with 0. heterophylla, C. A. Meyer ; Led.
;

Fl. Koss,

i.

711, from Persia and the Caucasus.

LES FEDEX A, Mich.

32.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves exstipellate, trifoliolate. Floivers copious, in

Calyx-tube campanulate; teeth lanracemes, or crowded in the leaf-axils.'
standard broad
ceolate or linear.
Corolla exserted
keel obtuse or acute.
Staments diadelphous anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile or stipitate, 1-ovulate
style long, filiform, incurved stigma minute, terminal.
Pod small, oblong, compressed, 1-seeded, reticulato-venose, indehiscent.
Distrib. Species 20-25, the
others Siberian, Chinese, Japanese, and N. American, one Jayan. Monographed
;

lately

by Maximowicz.

Stjbgen.

Eulespedeza.

Keel obtuse, not

muck

incurved.

petiole skort, leaflets

1. Zi. serieea, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. iii. 49
small linear-cuneate 4-6 times as long as broad grey- or wkite silky beneath,
flowers 2-4 congested in tke leaf-axils, pod small sessile. Hedysarum sericeum,
Thunb. Jap. 289. Aspalatkus cuneata, Don Prodr. 246. L. cuneata, G. Don,
Anthyllis cuneata, Dum. Pot. Cult. vi. 100. L. juncea,
Gen. Syst. ii. 307.
Wall. Cat. 5743; DC. Prodr. ii. 348 in part, non Pers. L. argyrsea, Sieb. et
:

Zmc. Abh.

vi. 2,

120.

Along the Himalayas from Hazara and Kashmir to Assam, alt. 3-8000 ft.
Distrib. China, Japan, N. Australia.
An erect undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, with tough long slender branches. Leaves
ascending, crowded leaflets \-% in. long, rigidly coriaceous, truncate or emarginate,
narrowed gradually in the lower half, very variable in vestiture, usually glabrous
above, clothed with adpressed grey or white silky hairs below, rarely both sides clothed
with, loose white pubescence petiole \ in. Flowers 2-4, on short pedicels in the axils all
down the branch; bracteoles linear, minute. Calyx ^-^ in., canescent teeth linearCorolla twice the calyx, white, tinged with purple.
subulate, very long.
Pod in.,
thinly silky style twice its length,
;

2. Zi. juncea, Pers. Ench. ii. 318 petiole skort, leaflets small oblanceolate
3-4 times as long as broad tkinly grey-silky beheatk, flowers 2-6 in umbels sessile
DC.
or shortly peduncled in tke leaf-axils, corolla small, pod small sessile.
Prodr. ii. 348 in part, non Wall. Hedysarum junceum, Linn. fil. Dec. L t. 4.
L. variegata and L. kanaorensis, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Pot. 42, t. 50, 51.
;

Kashmir and Ktjnawar, temperate

region, alt.

4-8000

ft.

Distrib. Siberia, North

China,

Stems slender, 1-2 ft. high, finely downy, erect or decumbent. Leaves not nearly
leaflets
so crowded as in the last
^f in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, obtuse, narrowed
Umbels usually sessile, produced far
gradually in the lower half petioles |- in.
down the branches. Calyx ^--^ in., canescent teeth linear-setaceous, 3-4 times the
Pod and style as in L. serieea.
Corolla twice the calyx.
tube.
;

3.

Zi.

G-erardiana,

Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5744

petiole skort, leaflets ob-

Lespedeza.']

leuuminos^.

l.

(J.

G. Baker.)

143

lanceolate grey-silky below, umbels sessile or short-peduncled in the axils of

the leaves, corolla large, pod small

sessile.

Along the Himalayas, temperate region,

alt.

5-10,000

ft.;

Simla and

Kumaon

to Sikkim.

Stems 1-3

ft.,

Leaves moderately close, ascending

densely pubescent.

leaflets

long, .rigidly coriaceous, glabrescent on the upper side, densely grey-silky bepetioles \-\ in.
Umbels 4-8-flowered, usually sessile bracteoles linear, half as
in., densely pubescent ; teeth linear-subulate, 2-3 tirhes
Calyx
long as the calyx.
the tube. Corolla - in. ; keel tipped with purple. Pod considerably shorter than the

- f
low

in.

calyx.
4. Xi. elegrans, Camb. in Jacquem. Toy. Bot. 43, t. 52 ; upper leaves
suppressed, petiole produced, leaflets oblong grey-silky beneath, umbels sessile,
pod small sessile. Maxim. Synop. Gen. Lesp. 40.

Kashmlr, temperate region, alt. 5-6000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson.

Stems 2-3 ft., finely downy. Petiole ^-f in. leaflets ^-f in. long, obtuse, gla;

brescent above, densely grey-silky beneath. Flowers 6-8, in sessile umbels, rarely in
short racemes, reaching low down the branches and forming at the top a close leafless
panicle.
Calyx ^ in., densely pubescent teeth linear-subulate, very long. Corolla
Pod g- in. long, oblong, downy.
half as long again as the calyx.
;

5. Xi. elliptica, Benth. Cat. Griff. PI. No. 1745; petiole produced, leaflets
large obovate-oblong thinly grey-canescent beneath, flowers in peduncled racemes
the upper panicled, pod stipitate exserted. Maxim. Synops. Gen. Lesp. 27.

Khasia, temperate region, alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, Hook. fil. and Thomson.
Stems woody, reaching several feet high, finely pubescent. Leaves not crowded
leaflets subcoriaceous, 1-1^ in. long, obtuse, green, glabrous above, grey, finely downy
below petiole 11^ in. Racemes many-ttowered, close or lax, the peduncles sometimes as long as the leaves pedicels shorter than the calyx bracteoles linear, as long
Calyx ^-\ in., densely canescent teeth lanceolate, acute, twice as long
as the tube.
Corolla deep red, twice as long as the calyx.
Pod oblong, in. long,
as the tube.
Very near the common East Asian L. bicolor, Turcz.
finely downy, distinctly stalked.
Led. Fl. Ross. i. 715 {L. viatorum, Champion), from which it differs mainly by its long
;

acute calyx-teeth.
6.

Xa.

tomentosa,

Maxim. Synops. 50 petiole short, leaflets large

;
beneath, flowers in peduncled racemes, pod sessile
tomentosum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 286. L. glomerata, Hornem. ;

obovate-oblong densely
included.

DC.

Hedysarum

Prodr.

ii.

Sieb.

downy

350.

Western Himalaya, temperate region, alt. 6-7000 ft., Edgeworth. ^Disteib.

China, Japan, Korea.
Stems 2-3 ft., erect, densely pubescent. Leaves distant leaflets 1-2 in. long, obtuse, thick, subcoriaceous, at first thinly silky above, densely silky, and the veins raised
beneath petioles 1-^ in. stipules subulate, persistent. Racemes distinctly peduncled,
2-4 in. long, moderately close, rarely congested, sessile (L. glomerata, Horn.) pedicels
Calyx \-\ in., densely pubescent teeth linear-subulate, 3-4 times the
very short.
Corolla whitish, half as long again as the calyx
standard not longer than the
tube.
wings and keel. Pod shorter than the calyx, oblong, pubescent. Very near L. hirta,
America.
North
Elliott, of
;

Subgen".
of a Orotala_
7.

Xi.

Oxyramphis,
.'

....

Wall.

Keel acute and

much

incurved, like that

Campy lotropis, Bunge.)

macrostyla, Baker

petiole short, leaves small thinly clothed be-


144

L.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

(J. G.

;;

Baker.)

[Lespedeza,

silky hairs, calyx and large pod densely clothed with

Oxyramphis sericea, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5349. Lespedeza
sericea, Royle MSS. non Miguel.
Orotalaria macrostyla, Don Prodr. 242.
Oxyramphis macrostyla, Wall. Cat. 5348, non Lindley. L. Royleana, Miguel Ann.
Mus. Lug. Bat., iii. 50. O. stenocarpa, Klotzsch Reise Pr. Wold. Bot. 158,

neath with whitish

spreading-

t. 1, fig.

hairs.

2.

Himalayas, tropical and temperate zones, alt. 2-7000 ft. Simla and Gttbwhal
to Khasia.
An undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, with woody densely pubescent branches. Petiole
^-\ in. leaflets obovate-cuneate, rigidly subcoriaceous, -f in. long, grey, glabres;

venose above, usually persistently silky, rarely (0. macrostyla, Wall.) subglabrescent below, broadly rounded, sometimes deeply emarginate at the point, the petioRacemes short, dense, many-flowered, catkin
lule of the end one not more than | in.
like when unexpanded, the silky ovate bracts hiding the buds
pedicels \-\ in.,
densely silky.
Calyx f in. teeth lanceolate, twice the tube. Corolla deep red, three
times the calyx. Pod short-stalked, - in. long, narrowed to .both ends style persistent, ^ in. long, densely plumose in the lower half.
cent,

8. Xi. eriocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. 349 ; petiole produced, leaflets small
thinly grey-Canescent beneath, calyx and small pod clothed with ad pressed silky
Oxyramphis virgata, Wall. Cat. 5350. O. macrostyla, Lindl. Bot. Reg.
hairs.
L. paniculata, Royle MSS. Desmodium angulatum,
xxxii. t. 28, non Wall.

Wall. Cat. 5729

M.

Himalayas, temperate and tropical zones, alt. 3-9000 ft. Hazaea and Kashmib
to Khasia and Sikkim.
A copiously-branched erect shrub, 3-4 ft. high, with slender silky angular furrowed branchlets. Petioles %-l% in. leaflets obovate-cuneate, -1 in. long, rigidly
subcoriaceous, green, glabrous, reticulato-venose above, broadly rounded at the apex, the
end one on a petiolule -& in. long uppermost leaves reduced or suppressed. Racemes
copious, peduncled, not dense, many-flowered, 2-4 in. long; bracts not exceeding
Calyx in teeth linear-subulate, twice the tube.
buds pedicels - in.
Corolla
deep purple-red, - in. Pod % in., long, minutely stalked, more coriaceous than in the
;

style as long as the pod, slightly pubescent near the base.

a mere form, with lax racemes and longer pedicels.

last
is

L. 'paniculata, Koyle,

petiole produced, leaflets large densely

9. L. Thomsoni, Benth.. MSS.
argenteo-canescent beneath, calyx and small pod finely grey-silky.
;

Khasia, temperate region, alt. 5000 ft., Hk. fil. fy Thomson, Lobb.
Habit of the last, to which it is closely allied. Petiole 1-2 in. leaflets oblong,
1-2 in. long, subcoriaceous, obtuse, green, glabrescent, less venose above. Upper
leaves suppressed or much reduced, so that the racemes form a terminal panicle.
Bracts ^ in., linear, subpersi stent, canescent on the back pedicels -% in. Calyx in.
teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla in., deep red. Pod -| in. long, shortly
;

stipitate, finally glabrescent, subcoriaceous

style \ in., not at all plumose.

UNKNOWN

SPECIES

TO ME.

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42, 2, 231.

An erect shrub,
3-5 ft. high, with angular stems clothed with adpressed fulvous down. Stipules
linear-subulate \ in. petiole 1-1^ in. leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse with a mucro,
chartaceous, 1-1^ in. long, glabrous and dark green above, glaucescent and faintly
pubescent below. Racemes short, but slender, fulvo-pubescent bracts ovate-lanceoCalyx \ in., fulvo-pubesin. long, persistent, glanduloso-pilose.
late, cuspidate,
Corolla twice length of calyx, blue.
Immature pod
teeth ovate-acuminate.
cent
oblique ovoid, compressed, shortly sericeous. Maetaban, Kurz.
shrub, with
L. pabvifloba, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42, 2, 231.
petiole canescent, in.
angular silky branches. Stipules linear-subulate, | in.

L. decoea,

Kurz
;

l.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

(J. G.

Baker.)

145

leaflets ovate-elliptic, |-1 in. long, chartaceous, dark green and glabrous above, glaucescent and pilose below. Racemes axillary, stiff, fulvo-pubescent, twice as long as the
Calyx densely fulvo-pubescent, in. ;
leaves bracts caducous pedicels very short.
Corolla scarcely twice as long as the calyx, probably blue. Immature
teeth subulate.
pod oblique ovoid acuminate, silky. Mabtaban, Kev. F. Mason, ex Kurz loc. cit.
;

I cannot separate from L. tomentosa by the description L. pinetorum,

Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42, 2, 231, from Martaban.
33.

ALHAGI,

Kurz

in

Desv.

Low shrub.

Leaves simple. Flowers axillary. Calyx campanulate ; teeth 5,

Corolla exserted; standard broad; keel obtuse.
Stamens
distinct, minute.
Ovary linear, sessile, 6-8-ovulate ; style filidiadelphous; anthers uniform.
form, incurved stigma minute, capitate. Pod linear, subcontinuous or moniliform joints oblong, small, turgid, smooth.Distrib. Species 1, spread from
Sctigaria to Greece and Nubia.
;

A. maurorum,

Desv.
DC. Prodr. iii. 352; Wall. Cat. 5760;
Prodr. 232 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 558.
A. napaulensium, DC. loc. cit. A. mannifera, Desv. ; Jaub. fy Spach. III. t. 401.
Hedysarum Alhagi, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 344. Manna hebraica and nepalensis, Don Prodr. 247.
1.

W. # A.

Plains of the North "West Provinces, Upper Ganges and Concan, ascending to
3000 ft. on the Kishengunga.
A low shrub, armed with copious subpatent hard pungent spines |-1 in. long.
Leaves simple, drooping from the base of the spines or branches, oblong, obtuse,
Flowers 1-6 from a spine, on short pedicels.
rigidly coriaceous, glabrous.
Calyx
glabrous,

^-^

in.

Corolla reddish, 3 times the calyx.

Pod

1 in.

long or

less, falcate

or straight.
34.

HEDYSARUM,

Linn.

Herbs. Leaves numerous, odd-pinnate, exstipellate. Flowers usually red,

Calyx-tube campanulate or
in copious long-peduncled axillary racemes.
Corolla much exserted; petals
tubular; teeth 5, distinct, long or short.
unequal in relative proportion in the different species ; keel obtuse. Stamens
Ovary linear, stalked, few-ovuled style very
diadelphous ; anthers uniform.
Pod of 1-3 flattened
long, filiform, abruptly inflexed, stigma minute terminal.
indehiscent joints, in our species not muricated, but reticulately veined on the
faces, the sutures usually furnished with acute entire or toothed borders.
Distrib. Species about 50, spread through the North Temperate zone.
x

Calyx-teeth equalling or exceeding the tube.

K. kumaonense, Benth.MSS.; stemless, leaflets small subeoriaceous

obovate-oblong, bracts lanceolate, joints small firm turgid, sutures not bordered.
1.

Kumaon, temperate region, alt. 9000 ft., Strachey and Winterbottom.

Leaves and peduncles in a dense rosette from a thick woody rhizome. .Leo/'-rachises
4-6 in. long, including distinct petiole; leaflets 17-25, |- in. long, obtuse, with a
mucro, dark green, glabrous above, pale grey with adpressed silky hairs below ; veins
Calyx J-J in.
Inflorescence seen only in a late stage pedicels very short.
distinct.
Corolla |-f in.
Joints of
teeth setaceous, from a lanceolate base, exceeding tube.
pod solitary in the specimens seen, rather downy, oblong, under \ in. long.
;

2. X. sikkimense, Benth. MSS. ; stem dwarf, leaflets small linearoblong subeoriaceous, standard and wings shorter than the keel, joints large
membranous with toothed borders.

VOL.

II.

;;

146

leguminos^.

l.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

[Hedysarmn.

Sikxim, alpine region, alt. 12-16,000 ft., Hook.fil.

Stems slender, at first slightly downy, ft. or less high.

Leqf-Thchis 2-3 in. long

21-27, i-4- in. long, obtuse, glabrous above, obscurely pubescent with raised
veins below. Heads dense, 1-2 in. long in flower; bracts linear, minute.
Calyx
in.
teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla bright red, ^-1 in.
pubescent,
Joints of pod 1-3, roundish or oblong, \-% in. long sutures irregularly faintly" erosoj

leaflets

dentate.

H. Falconeri,

3.

Baker

caulescent, robust, leaflets large subcoriaceous

ovate-oblong, keel and standard equal, joints large

borders.

membranous with toothed

West

Tibet, temperate region, Dr. Falconer.

ft.high, slender, firm, sulcate, glabrous.
Z&z/'-rachises 6-9 in. long
leaflets 13-19, distant, %-\\ in. long, obtuse, glabrous, full green above, grey-green,
obscurely canescent with prominent veins below. Flower-racemes 3-4 in. long,
moderately close bracts setaceous, very small pedicel as long as the calyx. Calyx
^ in. long; teeth setaceous, as long as the tube. Corolla -| in. Joints oblong,
glabrous, ^ in. long, thin, with broad irregularly eroso-dentate borders.

Stems 1| 2

XX.

4.

astragaloides,

Benth.

MSS.

membranous linear-oblong, corolla yellowish,

large membranous with crisped borders.

caulescent, robust, leaflets large

;
keel exceeding the standard, joints

zone, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Thomson.

Lahul, JaeschJce.
Stems robust, erect, 2 ft. high, densely canescent at first. Leaf- rachises 4-8 in.
long leaflets 21-29, not at all coriaceous, obtuse, with a minute mucro, f-1 in. long,
Flower-Tncem.es very dense,
glabrescent above, persistently grey-canescent below.
2-3 in. long, the linear scariose bracts protruding beyond the buds pedicels shorter
silky
in.,
finely
teeth
exceeding
the tube. Pod distinctly
Calyx
than calyx.
stalked joints 1-2, oblong, with a distinct rather crisped wing on the lower side and
an obscure one on the upper.

Kishtwab, alpine
;

XI.

5.

large
keel,

cachemirianum,

Benth.

membranous linear-oblong, corolla

joints large membranous with entire

MSS. ; caulescent, robust, leaflets

red, standard exceeding wings and
borders.

Kashmir, temperate region, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Thomson, Falconer, Winterbottom.

Stem 1^-2 ft. high, erect, glabrous, many-grooved. Z.ea/"-rachises ^1 ft. long
leaflets 21-27, thin, obtuse, \-\\ in. long; both sides green, glabrescent, concolorous.
Racemes very dense, 2-3 in. long in flower, the linear setaceous bracts protruding
beyond the buds pedicels very short. Calyx downy, f in. teeth as long as the
;

Corolla f-1 in. long.

with a distinct entire wing.

tube.

Joints 1-3, glabrous, oblong, \ \ in. long

both sutures

**- Calyx-teeth shorter than the tube.

6.

"bracts

laxiflorum, Benth. MSS. ; stems slender, leaflets subcoriaceous,

minute setaceous, keel exceeding wings and standard, joints small entire
XX.

not bordered.

West Himalaya, temperate or alpine region. West Tibet, Falconer. Valley of

Kishengunga, Winterbottom.
Stems 1^-2 ft. high, firm, slender, glabrous. LeaJ -rachis 3-5 in. long; leaflets
21-31, close, firm, linear-oblong, | in. long, green, glabrous above, grey, obscurely
canescent with raised veins below. Racemes lax, 2-3 in. long in flower pedicels as
long as the calyx, finely downy. Calyx in. upper teeth deltoid, lower lanceolate.
Joints 3-4, oblong, firm, glabrous, rather turgid, not more than ?V in.
Corolla f-f in.
;

long.
7. IS. strobilifefcum, Baker ; stems robust, leaflets, membranous, bracts
large ovate-acuminate, corolla under twice the calyx, its petals equal.

Hedysarum.']

(J. G.

legumtnosjE.

l.

Baker.)

147

Kashmir, temperate region, Falconer.

Stems above a foot high, densely clothed with short adpressed whitish hairs. Leafrachises 6-8 in. long; leaflets 19-25, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, l-l in. long, flexible,
the
glabrescent above, thinly white-silky beneath. Bacemes dense, 2-3 in. long
buds quite hidden by the imbricated scariose ciliated bracts pedicels very short.
not
than
deltoid-cuspidate,
more
tube.
Corolla
\-^
Calyx tubular, \-\ in. long teeth
Pod unknown.
yellowish, under in. long.
;

8. H. microcalyx, Baker; stems robust, leaflets large membranous,

bracts linear minute, corolla several times calyx, keel exceeding- standard, joints
large membranous entire.

West Himalayas, temperate region Guewhal, Falconer Kashmir, Lance ;

Lahux, Jaeschke.
Stems 1^2 ft. high, stout, sulcate, glabrous. Lm/-rachises 6-9 in. long; leaflets
;

distant, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, 1-1|- in. long; both sides

Flower-va,cemes 2-4 in. long, lax ; pedicels ^-\ in. long, greygreen, glabrous.
Calyx ^ in., campanulate, membranous, glabrous ; teeth minute, deltoidpubescent.
Joints 2-3, oblong, |~| in. long, thin,
Corolla bright red, -f-f in.
cuspidate.

1W3,

glabrous, the sutures both distinctly margined.

35.

STRACHEYA,

Bentli.

tufted low shrub. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers axillary.

Calyx-tube
Corolla much exserted j
turbinate ; teeth 5, lanceolate, as long as the tube.
standard broad ; keel as long as the other petals, incurved and obtuse at the tip.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, sessile, few-ovuled ; style
Pod flat, not visibly
long, filiform, abruptly incurved, stigma minute capitate.
jointed, mmicated along the edge and face and marked with conspicuous transverse veins.
1.

Disteie.

A single endemic species.

S. tibetica, Benth.

Kew

in Hook.

Journ. v. 303

Walp. Ann.

iv.

545.

Himalayas, alpine region, from Pangong eastward to East Nipal,

alt. 14-1 7,000 ft., Thomson, Strachey 4" Winterbottom, $c.
Stems densely tufted, from a slender woody rootstock, the leaves and peduncles
in a rosette at the surface. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets 11-15, oblong, obtuse,
faintly hairy; leaf-rachis 2-4 in. long, including a distinct petiole, articulated at the
nodes. Flowers 1-5, shortly pedicellate, on very short peduncles bracts lanceolate,
Calyx \ in., densely pubescent. Corolla $-| in., reddish, glabrous. Pod
silky.

Tibetan

glabrous, membranous. 1

in. long.

Z.ORMXA,

y,

Gmel.

Annuals, with large geminate coriaceous bracts and dotted leaflets in 1-2
Flowers in lax racemes.
pairs.
Calyx minute; upper teeth short,
lowest shorter than the two middle ones.
Corolla much exserted ;
broad keel incurved, acute. Stamens monadelphous anthers dimorOvary sessile, many-ovuled style filiform, incurved, stigma minute
Pod of several small round flattened finely muricated 1-seeded indeale.
Disteib. Species 10, all but two American.
Liscent joints.

opposite
connate
standard
phous.

K. cHpkylla, Pers.
Hedysarum diphyliuii*, Linn.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

;
;

Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 80, t. 21-:?.

Bo.vb. Fl. Ind. iii. 353.
Z. angustifolia, Smith :

316; Wall. Cat. 5660; W.

$ A.

Prodr. 217;

Fl. 62. Z. dictyocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. 317.

Z. gibbosa
Spanoghe in Linncea, xv. 192. Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 82-3.

Bomb.

Dak. $

Gibs.

and graminea,

L2

148

L.

legumlnos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Zomia.

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Birma, ascending to 4000 ft. in
Distbib. Everywhere in the Tropics.
Stems wiry, densely csespitose. Leaves petioled ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, glabrous,
stipules lanceolate, with a
rigidly coriaceous, ^-1 in. long, dotted with black glands
long spur. Racemes 1-3 in. long, 3-12-flowered ; bracts ovate, acute, nearly or quite
in., densely prickly.
hiding the flower and pod. Joints 2-6, under
Var. 1. zeylonensis leaflets ovate, pod much longer than the bracts, joints
DC. Prodr. ii. 317 Wall. Cat.
Z. zeylonensis, Pers.
twice as large densely bristly.
5661; W. $ A. Prodr. 217 Balz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62. Z. conjugata, Smith in
Thwaites Enum. 85. Hedysarum conjugatum, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1178.
Bees, Cyclop.
Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.
Vab. 2. Walkeri {Am. Pugill. 12, sp.); leaflets oblong -1 in. long, bracts
downy at the edge, pod scarcely exserted from the' bracts, joints small reticulatoWalp. Bep. i. 726 Tliwaites
venose with only a few small bristles ijiear the edge.
Enum. 85. Ceylon, Walker, Thwaites.']

Kumaon.

37*

STYLOSANTKES,

wA

Leaves rigid, pinnatelv 3-foliolate Flowers inconspicuous,

Calyx with an elongated filiform tube, and 5 teeth,
Flowers polygamous, the fertile
of which the upper 4 are subconnate.
ones often apetalous. Petals inserted ftt the throat of the calyx-tube ; standard
orbicular; keel subrostrate. /Semens monadelphous; anthers dimorphous. Ovary
subsessile at the base of the calyx-tube style long, filiform, the lower part perPod with 1-2 flattened rugose joints.
sistent, stigma minute capitate.
Distrib. Species about 15. Cosmopolitan, tropical.

Undershrubs.

in small dense heads.

S. mucronata,

Willd.-, DC. Prodr. ii. 318;

Wall. Cat. 5664;
Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 294. Arachis fruticosa, Retz. ;
Roxb. Hort. Ben//. 54 Fl. Ind. iii. 282. Hedysarimi hamatum, Burm. Fl.
lad. 167 ; Fl. Zeyl. t. 106, fig. 2.
I.

W. #

A.,P)'odr. 218

Shores of "Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Distrib.

Malay

Cape, Trop. Africa,

isles.

A low diffuse undershrub, with terete pubescent branches. Stipules scariose,

adnate downwards to the petiole leaflets \-^ in. long, pale green, rigidly coriaceous,
oblong or lanceolate under-side a little pubescent at first. Flowers 1 or few, in
bracts persistent, striated, pubescent.
Corolla in., exserted.
sessile terminal heads
*
Pod 1-2-jointed, tipped with the falcate indurated lower part of the style.
;

38.

SMITH! A, Ait.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaflets many, small, sensitive, leaf-rachis ending

in a bristle; stipules scariose, with Jarge auricles. Floivers racemose or axilCorolla exserted stanCalyx deeply 2-lipped, the .lips ^usually entire.
lary.
dard orbicular keel incurved, obtuse.' Stamens in two bundles of 5 each ; anthers
Ovary linear, many-ovuled style incurved, filiform, stigma minute
uniform.
Pod of few or many minute flattened or turgid joints, folded together
capitate.
Distrib. Species 20-30, spread through the tropics of the old
inside the calyx.
;

world.
*

Calyx

rigid, its veins close, parallel, simple.

Ait.; DC. Prodr. ii. 323; stems not bristly, leaflets

small 4-20, flowers in short simple racemes, calyx-lips equal, corolla yellow.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 342 Salisb. Par. t. 92 Wall. Cat. 5668, ex
1.

S. sensitiva,

Smitlria.']

legumlnos^.

l.

parte W.8f A. Prodr. 220, ex parte

Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. 1838.
;

(J. G.

Dalz.

149

Baker.)

Gibs.

Bomb. Fl.

63.

S. abyssinica,

Himalayas to Travancore and Rangoon, ascending to 3000 ft. in Khasia.

Distkib. Madagascar, Abyssinia, Java, China.
im/-rachis bristly,
Annual, A~3 ft. high. Stems very slender, much branched.
i-1 in. long ; leaflets \-i in. long, with subparallel edges, bristly mainly on the midrib below.
Flowers 1-6, in close short-peduncled racemes from the axils of the tipper
leaves pedicels short, ascending.
Calyx -^ in. long lips acute, entire, with a few
short deciduous scattered bristles. Joints 4-6, densely papillose on the faces.
;

S. geminiflora, Roth; DC.

Prodr. ii. 323; stems not bristly,

small 4-12, flowers in pairs in the axils of the leaves, calyx-lips equal,
corolla yellow.
S. sensitiva, Wall, et W. fy A. loc. cit. ex parte.
2.

leaflets

Himalayas (ascending

to

1-3000

ft.)

to

Ceylon and Tavoy.

Distrib.

Java, N,

Australia.

General habit of the

bristles of the edge

with parallel sides, |- in. long, the

Calyx \ in., with a few
longer.
Joints
Corolla about twice the calyx.

Leaflets obtuse,

last.

and midrib more copious and

deciduous bristles both lips entire, acute.

4-6, very turgid and papillose.
Vae. 1. conferta; upper nodes congested into dense heads, leaves and calyx more
bristly.
S. conferta, 8711.
DC. loc. cit. S. capitata, Desv. Joum. Bot. i. 121, non
Dais.
S. hispidissima, Zolling. Geneesk. Arch. iii. 56.
;

S. purpurea, Hook.

Bot. Mag. t. 4283 ; stems not bristly, leaflets

12-24, flowers in sublax peduncled axillary racemes, lower calyx-lip
shorter, corolla purple.
S. laxiflora, Benth. PL Jungh. 211.
3.

small

Plains of Concan.
Annual. Stems very slender, ^-2 ft. high.
leaflets
Leaf-v&chis 1-2 in. long
linear, |-f in. long, tipped with a long awn and furnished with a .few bristles on the
rachis and oblique midrib.
Flowers 6-12, in copious short-peduncled secttnd racemes
from the axils of the upper leaves pedicels cernuous bracteoles acute or obtuse,
^-| calyx. Calyx - in. long upper lip obtuse, recurved, lower subacute, both withCorolla little exserted.
out bristles.
Joints of pod 10-12, reticula to-venose, not;

papillose.
4.

S. setulosa,

Dalz. inKeioJourn.

iii.

208; stems densely bristly,

leaflets

large 10-12, flowers in copiously panicled secund racemes, lower calyx-lip shorter,
Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Flm-a, 63 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 243.
coroila yellow.

Plains of Concan, Stocks, Dalzell.

robust annual, 2-4 ft. high, the stems densely clothed throughout with deflexed
bristles.
Leaflets linear, |-1| in. long, with a few bristles in the edge and subcentric
midrib. Bacemes 1-2 in. long, dichotomously forked, forming a long thyrsoid panicle,
only the lowest subtended by a leaf pedicels ascending.
Calyx in. long, densely
clothed with minute bristles upper lip broad, obtuse, recurved lower much smaller,
lanceolate, acute.
Corolla twice the calyx.
Joints 10-12, reticulato- venose, not pa-

pillose.

** Calyx membranous,

its veins

not so close and distinctly anastomosing.

S*< "big einina,, Dalz. in Keiv Joum. iii. 208; stems minutely bristly,
leaflets 4, flowers in short axillary racemes, bracteoles minute, joints 6-8
Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 64.
echinulate.
5.

Plains of Concan, Stocks, Dalzell Dekkan, near Poonah, Jacquemont.

Annual, very diffuse, with very slender stems, 1 ft. or less high. Leaf-rachis | in.
long; leaflets membranous, oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, -i in. long, minutely bristly
;

150

l.

leguhinosje.

(J. G.

Baker.)

[Stoithia.

on the back and edge. Flowers 4-6,

in copious short-pedimeled racemes

bracteoles
turbinate, densely bristle-ciliated; lips equal, upper
Corolla yellow, twice the calyx.

Calyx \

linear, ^ the calyx.

truncate.

S. gracilis,

6.

naked or minutely

in.,

BentJi. hi

Hohen. PI. Ind. Or. Exsie. No. 1182; stems

bristly, leaflets 4-6, flowers in short axillary racemes, brac-

teoles minute, joints

6-8 reticulato-venose.

Benth.

PL

Jungh. 212.

Nilghiris, Schmidt, Wight.

very slender, perennial, -with the general habit and inflorescence of

- in., minutely bristly. Calyx in., densely
ciliated with minute bristles
lips equal, narrower than in the last, the lower acute ;
diffuse,

8. bigemina.

Leaflets obovate-oblong,
;

bracteoles linear.
Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx.
not at all echinulate as in 8. bigemina.

Joints distinctly veined,

7. S. ciliata, Boyle III. 201 1. 35, fig. 2; stems not bristly, leaflets 6-16,
flowers in dense axillary racemes, bracteoles large, joints 6-8 obscurely papillose.
S. pumila, Royle MSS. ; W.
A. Prodr. 220.

&

Simla and Kumaon to Khasia and Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft. Parasnath in Behar.
Annual. Stems slender, | 2 ft. high. Leaf-rachis A-l in. leaflets linear, - in.
long, obtuse, distinctly bristly on the edge and midrib below.
Flowers up to a dozen
;

in dense copious short-peduncled secund racemes bracteoles leafy, oblong, ciliated,

nearly as long as calyx.
Calyx \ in., densely bristly-ciliated; upper lip truncate,
finally \ in. broad
lower lanceolate.
Corolla yellow, little exserted.
;

S. capitata,

8.

Dalz. in

Kew

Journ.

stems not bristly, leaflets

6-6 smooth.
Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 244.
iii.

208

110-30, flowers in globose terminal heads, bracteoles large, joints

I)ah.

Sf

Gibs.

Bomb. Flora,

63,

non Desv.

Western Peninsula.

An annual, 1-2 ft. high, with firm shrubby terete branches. Ze/-rachis
densely bristly, H-2 in. long leaflets linear, ^ in. long, bristly on the back and
edge. Flowers in a dense globose head 1 in. thick, at the end of each branch pedicels
very short; bracteoles oblor-g, membranous, bristle-tipped, nearly as long as the calyx.
Calyx in. long; both lips broad, truncated, ciliated with long bristles.
Corolla
purplish, much exserted.
Joints neither venose, nor papillose.
;

9.

S. pycnazitha, Benth. MSS.

stems minutely bristly,

leaflets

G-8,

flowers in globose terminal heads, bracteoles minute, joints 6-6 venose.

Concan, Stocks, Law.

erect annual, &-2 ft. high, the stem clothed densely with small

An

bristles dilated

Leaves distinctly petioled leaf-rachis \ in. or less long, densely bristly;

leaflets linear, f--| in. long, wdth a few minute yellow bristles in the back and edge.
Heads 1 in. or more broad, formed of densely congested racemes pedicels shorter than
the calyx; bracteoles half the calyx, obtuse. Calyx \ in., with copious sessile black
glands and small yellow bristles on back and edge lips equal, truncate. Corolla
yellow, half as long again as calyx.
at the base.

10. S. diohotoma, Dalzell MSS. stems not bristly, leaflets 4-6, racemes
forming a lax corymbose panicle, bracteoles minute, joints 10-12 papillose. S.
Wanda, Hohen. Plant. Ind. Or. JExsic. No. 146, non Wall.
;

Western Peninsula.
Stems annual, very slender, little branched, 1-1 i ft. high. Leaf-T&chis in. or less
long leaflets membranous, oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, it-f in. long, not aristate, both
sides without bristles.
Lower racemes of the panicles 5-6 -flowered, secund pedicels
ascending, i-^ in. ; bracteoles linear, ^-\ calyx.
Calyx membranous, in. lower
;

acute lip slightly longer than the broad truncate upper one.
long again as the calyx.

Corolla yellow, half as


Smitliia.']

l.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

151

U.S. grandis, Benth. MSS. ; stems robust not bristly, leaflets 20-24,
racemes forming a lax corymbose panicle, bracteoles \ calyx, joints 2p-25
venose;

Base of the Himalayas in Sikkim, Herb. Griffith, Hook. fit..

Stems stout, erect, 3-4 ft. high. LeaJ -rachis 2^-3 in. long leaflets linear, obtuse,
without bristles, ^| in. long lower stipules 1 in. long. Bacemes subsecund, 6-12flowered, forming"a corymbose panicle ^ ft. broad; pedicels erect, - in. long, with a
few deciduous bristles bracteoles 3 in., obtuse. Calyx f in. long; lips equal, trunJoints largest of all, in.
cate, obtuse, with only a few small bristles at first.
;

'^^j^^yi

broad.

12. S. blanda, Wall. Cat. 5669; stems densely

6-10,
racemes copiously panicled, bracteoles half as long as the calvx, joints 5-6 reticulated.
W. 8f A. Prodr 221 ; Wight. Ic. t. 986 Dalz. 8c Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 64.
bristly, leaflets

East Himalayas,

tropical zone

up

4000

to

feet,

East Bengal, Nilghiris.

Perennial, suflruticose.
Stems l|-2 ft. high, the bristles very dense, spreading,
Zea/-rachis under 1 in. long leaflets firm, obtuse, bristle-tipped, i-f in.
long, with copious fine deciduous bristles on the rachis, edge and midrib.
Bacemes
forming a dense terminal panicle, with corymbose branches pedicels ~-% in., densely
bristly.
Calyx ^-J in., densely clothed with fine bristles on back and edge lips
equal upper broad, truncate.
Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx.
Joints j$ in.
broad.
Var. 1. jpaniculata ; stems more slender, flowers fewer smaller crowded at the
end of the peduncles. S. paniculata, Am. Pvg. 12. Hilly tracts of Ceylon, alt.
fine, fragile.

2-7000 ft.
Vae. 2. racemosa annual, more slender and fugacious, leaflets more membranous, calyx | in. long, corymbs formed of a few close subsecund racemes 1-li in.
long.
S. racemosa, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5670
W. $ A. Prodr. 221 Dalz. Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 63. S. hirsuta, Dalz. in Kew Joum. iii. 135 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 63.
Plains of Western Peninsula and Ceylon.
;

39.

roSCHimOaEESrS,

Linn.

Erect herbs or undershrubs. Learcs with very numerous close sensitive oddpinnate small linear leaflets. Floirers in sparse racemes. Calyx deeply 2-lipped,
the lips faintly toothed.
Corolla fugacious standard orbicular keel not beaked.
Stamens in two bundles of 5 each anthers uniform. Ovary stalked, linear,
many-ovuled style filiform, incurved, stigma terminal. Pod linear, with a stalk
longer than the calyx and 4-8 flattened 1-seeded separating joints. Disteib.
Species about 30, spread everywhere in the tropics.
;

1. 22. indica, Linn,-, DC. Prodr. ii. 320; stems slender much branched,
peduncles viscid, calvx and small corolla glabrous.
W. $ A. Prodr. 219 ; Wt.
Ic. t. 405 ; Bah. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 62.
M. aspera, Wall. Cat. 5666, non Linn.
AL. kashmiriana, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bat. 40, t. 48. Hedysarum Neli-Tali,
Boxb. Hort Bern;. 57 Fl. Ind. iii. 365. M. pumila, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 321.
M. diffusa, Wilhl. DC. Prodr. loc. cit. Wall. Cat. 5665. M. viscidula, Willd.
Enum. 776. M. Roxburghii, Spring. Syst. iii. 322. Smithia aspera, Roxb.,
Sort. Bent/, oti Fl. Ind, iii. 343Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 18.
;

Ceylon and Siam, ascending to 5000 ft. in Kashmir and 4000

Kumao>\ Distrib. Japan and everywhere in tropics of old world.
Himalayas

to

ft,

in

A suflruticose annual, 1-3 ft. high, glabrous, pale green, with slender terete
branches. Leaf-rachis 2-3 in. long; leaflets close, 41-61, linear, obtuse, 1-nerved;
stipules lanceolate, membranous, deciduous, with a large auricle.
Flowers 1-4, in copious axillary racemes peduncle and pedicels usually viscid bracts small, lanceolate,
;

152

leguminos^.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

\_2Escliynomene.

Calyx under \ in. long. Corolla fugacious, twice the calyx. Pod
or rather curved upper suture straight, lower more or less disjoints 6-10, ^- in. "broad, smooth or finally papillose on the face.

rigid, gland-ciliated.

l-l

in. long, straight

tinctly indented

2. 2E. aspera, Linn.

DC. Prodr. ii. 320; stems robust simple or littlebranched, peduncles calyx and large corolla hispid.
W. A. Prodr. 219 Wt.
Ic. t. 299.
JE. indica, Wall. Cat. 5667, non Linn.
Hedysaruni lagenarium, Roxb. Ilort. Beny. 57 ; JFl. Ind. iii. 305. iE. indica, 8 aspera, Hassk. PL
JE. trackyloba, Miq. Flor. Ind, Bat. i. 270.
Jav. liar. 340.
;

Tropical Zone Bengal and Silhet to Malacca and Ceylon. Distrib. Malay
Tropical Africa..
tall erect swamp species, with stout glabrous main stems, full of white pith. Stipules linear or lanceolate, auricled, deciduous
leaf-rachis 3-6 in. long
leaflets
61-101, linear, obtuse, 1-nerved.
Eacnnes corymbose, 2-4-flowered pedicels and
peduncles clothed with spreading bristles. Calyx ^ in., with a pair of round bracteoles.
Corolla twice the calyx.
Pod 2-2 j in. by ^ in. joints 3-6, smooth or echinate on the
faces over the seeds.
M. sukattensis, W. cf A.JPrqdr. 219, is altogether doubtful, the description being
probably taken in part from scsbania acideata.
;

isles,

40.

ORStZOCARFUXK,

Beauv.

Leaves with odd-pinnate exstipellate leaflets and persistent striated

Calyx-twbQ campanulate ; 2 upper
Floicers in lax racemes.
stipules and bracts.
3 lower lanceolate. Standard broad keel much incurved, not at
teeth deltoid
Ovary linear,
Stamens in two bundles of 5 each; anthers 'uniform.
all beaked.
few-ovuled ; style filiform, inflexed, stigma minute terminal. Pod of a few indehiscent turgid linear or oblong joints, the lower, seedless, the faces rugose, naked
Disteib. Species 6, spread all
or muricated with weak gland-tipped prickles.
round the world in the tropics.
Shrubs.

1.

216

O. sennoides, DC.
Wt.

Prodr. ii. 315; Wall. Cat. 5658 ; W.

O. coronilloides, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 279.
Roxb. Ilort. Beny. 57 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 364.

Ic. t. 297.

sennoides, Willd.

cy

A. Prodr.

Hedysarum

Plains of the "Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Distrijj. Siam, Philippines, Polynesia, TrOp. Africa.
low shrub, with terete slender branches, the branchlets and leaf-rachis viscid.
Flowers 2-6, in
Leaflets 9-17, alternate, oblong, obtuse, membranous, deciduous.
copious short-peduncled axillary corymbose racemes bracts spreading, minute, deltoid
pedicels viscid, as long as calyx. Calyx \ in. Corolla yellow, much exserted. Pod with
2-4 joints, linear or oblong, ~-l in. long, horizontally plicate, smooth or muricated.

41.

X.EPTODESIKIA,

Benth.

Diffuse perennial herbs. Leaves simple or pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate.

Bracts large, imbricated. Floicers small, crowded in dense terminal racemose
beads.
Calyx with a very short tube, and 5 subequal setaceous teeth.
Corolla
minute, included ; standard broad ; keel obtuse., Stamens diadelphous ; anthers
uniform.
Ovary sessile, 1-ovuled ; style long, filiform, incurved, stigma capitate.
Pod small, oblong, membranous, flattened, 1-seeded, opening widely along the
ventral suture.
Disteib. Two species, the other a plant of Madagascar.
1.

Ei.

cong esta,

Benth.

Desmodiimi congestum, Benth.

MSS.

Nicolsonia congesta, Wiylit Ic.

PI. Jungh. 222,

non W.

&

A.

t.

1056.

;;

Eleiotis.]

L.

leguminoStE.

G. Baker.)

(J.

153

Tropical Zone Nilghiris, Gardner, Schmidt, Wight.

with slender firm trailing csespitose stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves shortpetioled, membranous, 1 or 3-foliolate, the end leaflet the largest, orbicular or oblong,
obtuse, J-| in. long, a little hairy below.
Flowers in copious oblong terminal capitate
racemes under 1 in. long; bracts ovate, scariose, finely pubescent pedicels short.
Calyx \ in ; teeth densely plumose. Pod as long as calyx..'
;

A perennial,

42.

ELEIOTIS,

DC.

Au

annual herb. Leaves usually 1-foliolate. Flowers in axillary racemes.

Calyx with a very short tube and 5 subequal setaceous teeth.
Corolla minute standard broad keel obtuse, adhering to the wiiags. Stamens diadelphous
anthers uniform.
Ovary siibsessile, 1-ovuled style short, uncinate or nearly
Pod of a single dimistraight, thickened at the base, stigma capitate.
traign^; dorsal and rounded
diate membranous veined joint, with a flattened
;

ventral suture.
1.

231.

A single endemic

E. sororia, DC.
E. monophylla, DC.

352. Hallia sororia,

Ind. 161, t. 50, fig. 2.

iii.

species.

348; Wall.
5741; W. <y A. Prodr.
Hedysafimi sora^Dcann, Linn. Roxb. Fl. Lnd.
Willd. Sp. iii. 1170.
Glycine monophylla, JBurm. Fl.
Prodr.

ii.

loc. cit.

'.,

Plains of Bundelkund, Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

r
An annual, with slender trailing densely csespitose glabrous stems, 1-2 ft. long.
Leaves subglabrous, membranous, consisting usually of a single short stalked stipellate
terminal leaflet, rounded or broader than long, emarginate, \- 1 in. long, but occasionally with a pair of minute lateral leaflets.
Flowers in copious simple lax axillary
racemes
pedicels spreading, downy, exceeding the calyx ; bracts minute, ovate,
Pod \ in. long.
scariose, deciduous.
.

PYCNOSPOHA, R. Br.

43.

low shrub.

Loaves pinnately 3-foliolate.

Floicers minute, racemed,
Calyx deeply cleft, the upper teeth subconnate.
Corolla much exserted
standard roundish keel obtuse, cohering to the wings. Stamens diadelphous
anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled style indexed, filiform stigma minute capitate. Pod oblong, turgid, 2-valved, 8-10-seeded, continuous within, not
;

jointed, but marked with transverse veins.

habit of Desmodium, with a pod like Crotalaria.
J

2?.

single species,

combining the,

hedysax'oides, P. Br.

in Herb. Banks.
P. nervosa, W. # A.
Fl. 7 o. Crotalaria? nervosa, Grah. in Wall.
Indigofera uesmodioides, Benth. in Hohen. PI. Lnd. Or. No. 303.

Pi oo v. 107; Dak.
Cat. -^428.

Cribs.

Bomb.

Tropical zone Khasia (3-5000 ft.), Silhet, Tenasserm, Western Peninsula,

Distrib. China, Philippines, X. Australia.
perennial herb, with slender densely csespitose trailing stems -2 ft. long.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate leaflets obovate, obtuse, \-l% in. long, stipellate, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, finely downy and reticulato- venose below.
Flowers in lax
terminal racemes bracts deciduous, scariose, ovate-cuspidate pedicels downy, 2-3
-~
in. long or less.
Calyx
times the calyx.
Pod -J in. long, finally black.

Ceylon.

44.

FSEUDARTHRXA, W. & A.

"Habit of Desmodium, from which it only differs in pod.

Calyx-teeth, as long
as the tube, 2 upper subconnate.
Corolla 2-3 times the calyx ; standard broad j
Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, manykeel obtuse.
ovuled style filiform, stigma capitate. Pod linear-oblong, compressed, mem;

154

l.

LEGUMJNOSJS.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Pseudarthria.

branous, indehiscent, continuous within, the sutures not at

trib. Species 5, the others African.

P. viscida, W. # A.

1.

duni, Linn.

indented.

all

Dis-

Prodr. 209 Wight Ic. t. 286. Iledysaruni visci57 Fl. Ind. iii. 356. Desmodium viscidum,
Rhynchosia viscida, DC. Prodr. ii. 3$7.
Cat. 5698.
T
Qva Acta, iv. 208. Desmodium Leschenaultii, DC.
;

lloxb. Hort. Benq.

Prodr. ii. 336

W*&
Glycine viscida, Willd.. Mkh
Prodr. ii. 336 ?

DC.

;;

|^-'^Ka and Ceylon, up

Tropical zone, ^YjP T

to

3000

ft.

Distbib.

Timor.

^SLij^^Hfcr

stems, clothed with fine grey pubescence.

membranous or subcoriaceous,
roj| densely pubescent, rarely subglabrescent below
cud leaflet roiuid-rhomhoidal, obtuse or acute, 2-4 in. long. Racemes axillary and
-incli^^Hlowers distant, fascicled pedicels spreading, 3-4
terminal, somefjfiaein. long, 4^6-seeded, finely downy.
times the minuti
Perennial, 2-3

ft.

Leaves petioled, pi
green, obscurely

tlets stipellate,

r
Herbs. Lrav>
1-3-foliolate.
Floicers in terminal
simple or pauicled raceme's.
Calyx liienibranous, accrescent, the lanceolate teeth
Corolla equalling or exceeding the calyx;
as long as the campanulate tube.
Ovary
standard broad keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform.
few-ovuled st}de filiform, inflexed, stigma capitate. Pod of about 4 small distinct 1-seeded smooth veined joints, included in the calyx.
All the species are
;

East Indian.
Ii.

1.

paniculata,

Wall. Cat. 5673

broad as long, racemes copiously pauicled.

Ava

leaves 1-foliolate, nearly twice as

Benth. PI. Jungh. 215.

Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

Stems erect, slender, finely downy. Leaves 2^3 in. broad, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous lobes spreading, rounded at the point, 4-o-nerved, base subcordate, apex rounded
or slightly emarginate petiole nearly as long as the blade. Racemes 1-3, forming
copious terminal and lateral panicles; pedicels pubescent, cernuous, sometimes
geminate, shorter than the calyx.
Calyx slightly downy, finally \~ in. Joints
downy.
;

i'.
>. Vedpeitilionls, Desv.
DC. Prod. ii. 323 leaflets 1 rarely 3
glabrous 4-0 times as broad as long, racemes simple or slightly panicled.
W. 4'"
A. Pi'odr. 221 Wight 1c. t. 265 Wall. Cat. 5671. Iledysarum Vespertilionis,
Linn. Boxb. Hort. Beng. 57 Fl. Ind. iii. 352.
;

Common in waste places throughout India. Disteib. Tropics of both hemispheres, often planted.
Stems erect, slender, finely downy upwards.' Petiole ^-1 in.
leaflets rigidly
subcoriaceous, green, clouded usually with white, the end one 2-3 in. broad, ^ ^ in.
long, with two linear or lanceolate spreading or slightly ascending 2-3-nerved halves
apex bristle-tipped^, broadly emarginate side leaflets, if present, much smaller, obliquely obversely deltoid.
Racemes 3-6 in. long ; pedicels pubescent, shorter than
the calyx; lower geminate.
Calyx finally \- in. long. Corolla not exserted.
Joints 4-5.
;

Desv. DC. Prodr. ii. 324; leaflets 3 rarely 1 pilose

terminal roundish or obversely deltoid, racemes usually
simple.
Iledysarum obeoiur.rum. Poir. Diet. Suppl. ii. 425. II. reniforme-,
Lour. Fl. Coch. 447. L. remibrmis, DC. ioc. cit. L. microphylla, Wall. Cat.
5672. Desmodiiun prcemorsum, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5703.
o.

Es.

bcorIata,

beneath on the

veiiis,


Lourea.~\

l.

leguminos^e.

Wallich. Distrib.

(J.

G. Baker.)

155

China, Philippines, N. Australia.

Malay
Bibma,
Petiole i-f in.
leaflets
Stems csespitose, very slender, wide-trailing, pubescent.
membranous, pale green, as broad as long, truncate or rounded at the apex, pale
long.
lax,
in.
Racemes
very
reaching
6-0 in.

clouded,
above,
not
glabrous
green,
Calyx
long pedicels as long as the calyx, pubescent, cernuous, rarely geminate.
flowering-calyx.
Joints 4-5,
Corolla twice the
downy, finally l-\ in. long.
isles,

glabrous.
4. Xi. campanulata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 215
oblong downy beneath, racemes copiously panicled.
Cat. 5685.

3 rarely 1 obovateUraria campanulata, Wall.

leaflets

Ava Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

Stems firm, slender, finely downy. PeErect, with the habit of a Desmodium.
leaflets subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above, pale green, reticulatotioles \->% in.
venose below end one 2-3. in. long, obtuse, with a cuneate base side ones much
Racemes 4-6 in. long, forming copious terminal panicles, with densely pusmaller.
Corolla
bescent rachises pedicels in.", curved.
Calyx - in., densely pubescent.
twice flower-calyx. Joints 2 3, pubescent.
;

Floivers
Suffruticose perennials.
Leaves
tipeuate, with 1 to
leaflets.
very numerous, minute, racemose.
Calyx-tvbe very short; two upper teeth
short three lower usually elongated, setaceous.
Standard broad wings adOvary seshering to -the obtuse keel. Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform.
style inflexed filiform, stigma terminal.
Pod
sile or short-stalked, few-ovuled
of 2-6 small turgid 1-seeded indehiscent joints, often placed face to face. Disi

teib. Species all here included.

*

Upper

leaves 5-9-foliolate.

Desv.; DC. Prodr. ii. 324; leaflets linear clouded, pedicel

3
clothed with shorl bristles. Wall. Cat. 5674 W. $ A. Prodr. 221 JDalz. # Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. Go. Doodia picta, Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 368. Hedysaruni pictuni,
U. linearis, Hassk. PL Jav. Par.
Jacq. Ic. t. 507 Poxb. Hort. Bene/. 57.
349.
TT

I.

$ivt&

Himalayas to Ceylo^, ascending to 6000

Malay isles, Philippines.

ft.

in the north-west.

Distrib. Tropical

Africa,

An, erect little-branched suflruticose perennial, 3-6 ft. high. Stems robust, finely
downy. Petioles 1-2 in. leaflets 4-6, rarely 9, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous above,
reticulato-venulose, minutely pubescent below, 4-8 in. long, J-l in. broad lowest
simple, round or oblong. Flowers in dense cylindrical racemes, | 1 ft. long, f-| in.
broad bracts brown, scariose, deciduous, not distinctly ciliated upper lanceolate,
lower ovate acuminate pedicels - in., abruptly recurved at the tip after flowering.
;

Corolla purple, slightly exserted.

pi crmita,

Joints 3-6, glabrescent, polished, often whitish.

Desv. DC. Prodr. ii. 324; leaflets oblong not clouded, pedicels clothed with long bristles.
Wall. Cat. 5675.
U. picta, Wight Ic. t. 411,
nonDcsv. U. coraosa, DC. Prodr. ii. 324. Hedysaruni crinitum, Linn. Burm.
Fl. Ind. 169, t. 56 Poxb. Ilort. Ben//. 57.
Doodia crinita, Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
369.
;

Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, ascending to 9000

Malay isles.
General habit of the last. Upper leaves 3-7-foliolate

ft.

in the north-west.

Dis-

trib. China,

leaflets subcoriaceous, green,

smooth above, paler, reticulato- venose beneath, 4-6 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad, much
rounded at the base. Racemes dense, reaching above a foot long, 1-1 in. thick;


156

L.

lower pedicels -f

LEGUMINOS.E.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[TJraria.

long with spreading bristles 3-4 times their thickness ; bracts

Cflfyj>segments densely plumose.
Corolla purplish, \ in. long.

in.

distinctly ciliated.
Joints 4-6, opaque.

** Leaves 1- and 3-foliolate intermixed.

-

'.

"U".

lag-opoides, DC. Prodr.

324;

ii.

stems trailing,

leaflets

smair

orbicular or uMong. heads short dense oblong-cylindrical, lower calyx-teeth elongated. TV. ty A. 1'rodr. "222, rum Wall. Hedysarum lagopoides, Burm. Fl. Ind.
U. retusa, Wall. Cat. 5680. Doodia lagopodioides, Roxb. Fl.
68, t. 53, fig. 2.
Ind. iii. 366. Lespedeza lagopoides, Pers. Ench. ii. 308.
U. haniosa, Wall. Cat.
5681, A., non W. # A.
Tropical zone.

Nipal and Bengal

to

Ava.

Distrib.

Malay

isles,

China, Poly-

nesia, N. Australia.

Stems densely csespitose, woody, slender, pubescent. Petiole ^-1 in. leaflets many,
of both kinds, obtuse, broadly rounded at the base, 1-2 in. long, glabrous above, finely
downy below. Heads always simple, very dense, 1-2, rarely 3 in. long, under 1 in.
thick; bracts subpersi stent, distinctly ciliated; pedicels densely crinite, not longer
than calyx. Calyx - i in. lower teeth setaceous, densely plumose. Corolla scarcely
exserted. Joints 1-2, brown, polished, finely pubescent.
U. cercifolia, Desv. ; DC.
Prodr. ii. 325, is probably a form of this with a single leaflet.
;

4. U. lag opus, DC. Prodr. ii. 324; stems erect, leaflets large oblong not
cordate, heads long dense cylindrical, lower calyx-teeth elongated.
Hedysarum
arboreum, Don Prodr. 243. Uraria arboremn, G. Don Gen. JSyst. ii. 287. U.
lagopodioides, Wall. Cat. 5676, non DC.
U. alopecuroides, Wight Ic. t. 290.
Doodia alopecuroides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 368. U. hamcsa, Wall. Cat. 5681 C.
Hedysarum alopecuroides, Roxb. Hort. Bene/. 57.

Punjab, along the Himalayas to Assam and Ava, ascending to

6000

ft.

in

Simla.

An erect undershrub, reaching 10-12 ft., with slender woody densely pubescent
branches. Leaves usually all 3-foliolate, subcoriaceous, glabrescent above, reticulatovenose, finely downy below; end leaflet 2-4 in. long, 1^-2 in. broad.
Racemes copious, both terminal and axillary, resembling those of if. crinita, reaching 6-9 in. by
l-lj in.; bracts deciduous; pedicels 2-3 times the calyx, densely crinite. Calyx
-i iu. Corolla purple, little exserted. Joints 2-6, dark or pale, dull or polished.
5. U. repanda, Wall. Cat. 5677
stems erect,
beads dense cylindrical, lower calyx-teeth elongated.
;

leaflets large cordate-ovate,

Benth. PI. Jungh. 213.

Birma, Wallich.
General habit of the last, to which it is closely allied. Pubescence of branches
shorter.
Leaves simple and trifoliolate intermixed, the side leaflets of the latter much
smaller than the end one, which is subobtuse or subacute, deeply produced at the base.
Racemes 2-4 in. by |-f in. bracts ovate, acuminate, distinctly ciliated, not deciduous
Calyx \ in.
pedicels densely crinite, shorter than the calyx.
lower teeth long,
setaceous, plumose.
Joints 2, polished, glabrous, brownish -drab.
;

({. T, Itpmosa, Wall. Cat. 5681 J?; stems erect, leaflets large oblong not
cordate, racen es long lax cylindrical, lower calyx teeth not elongated.
W. fy
A. Prodr. 222 Wight Ic. t. 284. Hedysarum hamosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
57.
Doodia haniosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 867. U. lanceolata and desmodioides,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5682, 5683. U. leptostachya, Wall. Cat. 5684. Desmodium
Horsfieldii and dasvphylluni, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 251-3.
;

Himalayas to Ceylon, vBirmah and Pegu^ ascending

Malay isles.

in Sikkim to 4000

ft.

Dis-

trib.

Branches woody, slender, shortly pubescent. Leaves similar in texture to those of

all the preceding, sometimes all simple, the end one obtuse, broadly rounded at the

UrarlaJ]

leguminos^e.

l.

G. Baker.)

(J.

157

by 2-3 in. Bacemes much laxer than in the other species, resembling
those of a Desmodium, copiously panicled, reaching | 1 ft. long; bracts ovate, cuspiCalyx in., all the
pedicels |- in'., often fascicled.
date, pubescent, deciduous
Joints 4-6, opaque, drab or
Corolla 2-3 times the calyx.
teeth deltoid-cuspidate.

base, 3-5 in.

brown.

*** Leaves usually

IT.

7.

all 1-foliolate.

prunellaefolia, Grah.

long-lanceolate, racemes

short

in Wall. Cat.

5686

stems erect,

leaflets

ob-

Hedysarum hamatum, Heyne

close oblong.

MSS.
Ktjmaon, alt. 3000 ft., Thomson. East Himalayas, Griffith.
Branches slender, shortly pubescent. Leaflet oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acute,
rounded at the base, 3-4 in. by l-l in.; petiole -\ in. Racemes terminal, simple,
1-2 in. by f-f in bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous pedicels 2-3 times the calyx,
Calyx - in., lower teeth twice as long as the upper. Corolla
shortly bristly.
under twice the calyx. Joints 3-4, placed end to end, opaque or polished.
;

XT.

8.

cordifolia, Wall.

PI. As.

Ear.

i.

date-ovate, racemes elongated lax cylindrical.

Prome and banks

Branches

33,

U.

t.

37

stems erect,

leaflet cor-

cordata, Wall. Cat. 5679.

of the Irrawaddi, Wallich.

woody, densely clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves casually trifoliolate, reaching 6-9 in. long, nearly as broad, acute, conspicuously hairy on
the raised veins below petiole ^-2 in. Bacemes lateral and terminal, - lft. long,
resembling those of U. hamosa bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous pedicels ^-| in.,
Calyx - in. teeth setaceous, nearly equal. Corolla scarcely exdensely crinite.
stout,

Joints 2-3, opaque, pubescent;

serted.

47.

ALYSICARPUS, Neck.

Diffuse annuals or biennials. Leaves simple, rarely 3-foliolate, stipellate, subFlowers in copious, axillary racemes.
coriaceous.
Calyx glumaceous; teeth
Corolla not exserted
deep, often imbricated, the two upper often connate.
standard broad ; keel obtuse, adhering to the wings. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly or quite sessile, many-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma
Pod terete or turgid, composed of several indehiscent 1-seeded joints.
capitate.

Distrib.

Species about 15;

weeds' everywhere in the tropics of the old

world.
*

BXicrocalycinae.

A. monilifer, DC.

Calyx not longer than the

first

joint of the pod.

353; stems clothed with fine spreading

pod distinctly moniliform turgid veinlej*.
Wall. Cat. 5769
W. Sf A.
Prodr. 232. Hedysarum moniliferum, Linn, mirm, Fl. Lnd. t. 52, fig. 3 Boxb.
Hort. Beng. 56 Fl. Jnfl. iii. 345. A. Eubibarna, Wall. CaL 5771, ex parte.
1.

Pi'odr.ii.

hairs,

Tropical zone Himalayas through India proper. Birma and Tenasserim, WalDistrib. Nubia, Abyssinia.
Stems densely tufted, ^-1 ft. long. Leaves all simple, oblong, obtuse, glabrous,
\-^ in. long, often cordate petiole ^-g- in. long, finely downy. Bacemes close, 4-8Calyx ~~^ in., obscurely hairy ; teeth linear, erectofiowered pedicels very short.
in. thick, 4-8-jointed, |-|"in. long, densely clothed with minute-hooked
patent. Pod
pubescence, not at all reticulato-venose.
lich.

2. A. hamosus, Fdgew. Cat. Banda. PI. 47; stems densely clothed with
short spreading hairs, calyx much shorter than the first joint, pod compressed
reticulato-venose not moniliform.
A. rotundifolius, Wight MSS.

158

l.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Alysicarpus.

Bundelkund and Western Peninsula.

with many erecto-patent hairy branches. Leaves

Plain of

Stems

leguminosje.

all simple ;
hairy on the veins below, ^-1J in. long and broad;
Racemes short-peduncled, moderately close,
petiole j| in., hairy like the branches.
Calyx
in. long, the linear teefeh
4-6-flowered pedicels as long as the calyx.
Pod |-| in. long, by in., distinctly pubescent, 3-5-jointed.
erecto-patent.

1 ft. or less long,

leaflet orbicnlar, obtuse, cordate,

3. A. vaginalis, DC. Proclr. ii. 353; stems glabrescent or with a little

adpressed down, calyx as long- as the first joint, pod terete reticulato-venose not
moniliform. W. <y A. Prodr. 233 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 64. Hedysarum
vaginale, Linn. ; Roxb. Hort. Bang. 56 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 345. A. Rubibarna, Wall.
A. diversifolius, Wall. Cat. 5772. A. Harnieri, Schiueinf.
Cat. 5771, ex parte.
Bel. Kotsch. 24, t. 19.

Himalayas
provinces.

to

Malacca and Ceylon, ascending to "4000 feet in the North-west

Through tropics of .old world, Afghanistan, introduced in

Distrib.

America.
Leaflets glabrous, ^-2 in. long,
Steins robust, ascending, 1-3 ft. long in the type.
cordate at the base, usually oblong, obtuse, about twice as long as broad, rarely lanRacemes elongated, 6-12ceolate, 3-6 times as long as broad; petiole ^-\ in.
flowered, 2-3 in. long pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx in., nearly glabrous t
in., the joints half as
teeth linear-setaceous, exceeding the tube- Pod i-f in. by
long again as broad, faintly pubescent, rugose, usually a little thickened at the end,
sometimes indistinctly moniliform.
Var. 1. nummidarifolius dwarfer, leaflets smaller oblong or roundish obtuse, racemes more crowded. A. nummularifolius, DC. Prodr. ii. 353 Wall. Cat. 5767 W.
$ A. Prodr. 232 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 64. A. varius, Wall. Cat. 5768. Hedysarum varium, Roth Nov. Sp. 354. H. cylindricum, Poir. Diet. Suppl. v. 400. H.
nummularifolium, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1051. Hegetschweilera pulchella, Regel in Rot.
As common and widely spread as the type.
Zeit. i. 47.
Var. 2. heterophyllus leaflets lanceolate, simple and trifoliolate intermixed, racemes elongated. A. heterophyllus, Benth. MSS. A. trifoliatus, Stocks MSS. Plains
of Scinde, Dr. Stocks.
Var. 3. Stocksii stems clothed with fine spreading hairs, leaflets thinner than in
the type obovate oblong hairy beneath, racemes elongated. Plains of Concan, Stocks
Law. Intermediate between the type and A. rotund ifolins.
;

**
its

XMEacrocalycinae.

Calyx

much

longer than the

first joint

of the pod,

teeth imbricated in the fruiting stage.

4. A. bupleurifolius, DC. Prodr. ii. 352; pedicels sh||t, calyx ciliated

Wall. Cat. 5761, excl.
only, joints of pod neither veined nor rugose.
cy jP;
W. cy A. Prodr. 233 ; Dalz. cy Gibs. Bomb. FL (54. Hedysarum bupleurifolium, Linn. Sp. PL 1051 ; Roxb. Cor. PI. t. ]D4;V#b^. Beng. 56 l Fl. Ind. iii.
A. lnd.ens/-.Wall. Cat.
346. H. gramineum, Retz. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. u46.

5762,

excl.

B cy F.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Birma, ascending to 4000.

Malay isles, China, Philippines, Mauritius, Polynesia.
Stems 1-2

ft.

in

Kumaon.-^Distrib.

slender, assending, glabrous.

Leaflets glabrous, linear or lanceolate,
rather rounded at the base, rarejy oblong, subobtuse. Racemes
10-20
distant pairs
pedicels very short. Calyx -\ in* adin. long, the flowers in
pressed to the pod, hairy at the edge only ; teeth twice as long "as the furrowed funnelin.
long,
in.
thick; joints 4-6, glabrous, as long as
shaped tube. Pod stalked, |-^

1-3
3-6

ft.,

in. long, acute,

smooth, slightly moniliform.

Var. 1. gracilis leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse 1-2 in. long, calyx not mor\
than in. long, pod 1-2-jointed .included or little exserted. A. gracilis, Edgcw. in
f
Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 312; Cat. PI. Band. 46. Bundelkund, Edgeworth. Western
Peninsula, Wight.
|
;

Alysicarpus.~\

l.

leguminos^e.

(J.

GK Baker.)

159

5. A. long-ifolius, W.$ A. Prodr. 233; pedicels short, calyx slightly

pubescent and ciliated, articulations of pod glabrous finely reticulato-venose. Wt.
Dalz. $- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 65. Hedysarum longifoliurn,ifo^/. Sprang.
Ic. t. 251
H. bracteatum, Herb. Madr. A. vaginalis, Wall. Cat. 5763 f
Si/st. iii. 319.
C in part. A. spicatus, Royle MSS.
;

Plains, scattered throughout India proper.

Stems stout, ascending, subglabrous, reaching 4-5 ft. Leaflets oblong or lanceolate,
3-6 in. long, subcordate, ciliated on the A-eins below. Racemes moderately close,
pedicels T\ in.
Calyx
i-1 ft. long, the flowers adpressed to the finely hairy rachis
|- in.: teeth lanceolate, 4-5 times the length of the funnel-shaped plicate tube.
Pod
4-6-jointed, usually exserted,
in. broad, turgid, moniliform, marked only with a few
faint raised veins.
;

6. A- rug-osus, DC. Prodr. ii. 353 ; pedicels short, calyx ciliated, pod turgid moniliform deeply transverselv plicate included or little exserted. Hedysarum rugosum, Willd. Sp. iii. 1173. A. Wallichii, W. $ A. Prodr. 234. A.
bupleurifolius, Wall. Cat. 5761 B, F. A. vaginalis, Wall. Cat. 5763 C, ex parte.
A. glumaceus, Wall. Cat. 5764. A. glaber, E. Meyer Comm. 125. A. Hochstetteri, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 209.

Himalayas (up to 4-5000 ft.) to Ceylon and Birma. Distbib. Tropics of the
old world, Gape, W. Indies.
Stems 1-2 ft., ascending, subglabrous. Leaflets 1-3 in. long, subglabrous below,
usually oblong, obtuse, 2-3 times as long as broad, rarely orbicular or linear-lanceolate.
Racemes dense, 1-4 in. long pedicels ~-^ in. flowers adpressed to subglabrous rachis.
Calyx |-f in., glabrous on the back teeth lanceolate, much imbricated, reaching down
nearly to the base, minutely ciliated.
Pod 3-5-jointed, included, glabrous,
in.
broad; joints rather broader than long, marked with close prominent transverse
fc

ribs.

Var. 1. Heyneanus; more robust, reaching 3-4 ft. high, stems and leaves below
permanently pubescent, leafjjfcg large obovate-oblong, racemes longer often 4-6 in. not
so close, calyx shorter Cili^Hfa^^he edge only, pod ^ in. broad often exserted. A.
Heyneanus, W. A. PrJ^^^KKbghwaites Enum. 88. A. styrac4folius, Wall. Cat.
Hedysa^B
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56 : Fl. hid. iii. 347.
5770, ncn
A. obovatus, Edg
.-^Plains of Bundelcund, Western Peninsula

Hp,

DC

Var.
calyx \

in.

long co

DC. Prodr.

folius,

ii.

A. vaginalis,
in Wall. Cat. 5766
Ind.\\\.2l~i.
A. hi]
65.

Var.

3.

Ii

lower flowers
folius.
A.!
Plains of Bengal

iiflBe,

tin.

ks

88.

MSS.

Hedysarum glumaceum, Koen.inRoxb.

A va and through India proper.

distant 2-3
^^Bf
long hairy

.'u

G2

Fl.

in. long, racemes reaching h ft. long the

Habit of A. bupleurinot much ciliated.
F.
A. bupleurifolius, Roxb. Herb, non Cor.

A.

;ind,
\e

nj

Deccan and Concax.

*mvM forms of A. rugosus.

Stems slender, -1

ft.,

finely

oblong or lanceolate, 1-1^ in., ciliated on the nerves beneath.

2-3 in. long, the lower flowersm distant pairs pedicels
in
Calyx
teeth lanceolate, acuminate, reaching down nearly to the base. Pod%-^ in. by
.

&"~5

tetrag'onolobus, Fdgiv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 312; Cat. Band. PL

pedicels short, calyx pubescent densely ciliated, pod tetragonous moniliform
iy plicate distinctly exserted.
A. quadrangularis, Fdgw. MSS.

7.

45

stems and leaves below finely pubescent,

{A. filifer, Wall.) lanceolate, racemes short dense
fed. pod
in. broad rarely exserted.
A. styraci353.(eaxrf. syn.)
W. f A. Prodr. 234 Balz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
A. pilifer, Wall. Cat. 5765. A. scariosus, Grrah.
i,

styracifotius

2.

leaflets sniall oblonp

160

legumixos^e.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Alisy carpus.

in., 3-4-jointed, marked with an acute angle down the

deep plications as in A. rugosus.

face, glabrous,

with as

Wight Ic. t. 250 pedicels 0, calyx densely

8.
. pubescens, Law in
clothed with long white cottony hairs, joints of pod deeply reticulated. Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 65.
;

Plains of Concan and Deccan.

Stems ascending, l-l ft., clothed with short adpressed hairs.
Leaves distant,
linear or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, hairy on the nerves below, strongly triplinerved.
2-6
long,
with
a
plumose
rachis.
Calyx
in.
long
in.
teeth
Spikes close,
lanceolate
Pod 3-4-jointed, included in
setaceous, densely plumose, reaching down to the base.
in. thick, the veins
the calyx, moniliform, glabrous; joints globose, under
;

honeycombed.
9. A. belgraumensis, Wight Lc. t. 92; pedicels elongated finely pubescent densely ciliated, pod included finely pubescent reticulato-venose. Bah. $

Gibs.

Bomb.

Fl. 65.

Plains of Concan, Dalzell, Ritchie.

Stems 1-2 ft., clothed with dense short pubescence. Leaves casually 3-foliate, usually simple leaflets oblong or lanceolate, 2-3 in, long, subcordate, clothed with adpressed short hairs beneath. Racemes moderately close, reaching 6-9 in. long, 1^-1^ in.
broad pedicels curved, ascending, downy -f in. Calyx f-| in. ; teeth 5, lanceolate,
reaching down to the base. Pod 3-4-jointed, subcompressed, scarcely moniliform,
in. broad, marked on the face with fine raised honeycomb veins.
Vab. 1. racemosus dwarf, diffuse, leaflets obovate-oblong under 1 in. long, racemes
^ n
broad slightly exwith much fewer more distant flowers, calyx smaller, pod
serted.
A. racemosus, Benth. in Hohen. PL Ind. Or. No. 212 Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or.
Wight. Rolampally hills, Coimbatore, alt. 2500 ft.,
t. 292. Nilghiris, Schmidt,
;

Beddome.
48.

An annual herb.

MECOPUS, Bennett.

Flowers in&nse racemes.

Calyx-tube
teeth lanceolate, the two upper connAte. Standard broad ; keel
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary stipitate,
incurved, obtuse.
2-ovuled ; style inflexed, stigma minute capitate. Pod of one small oblong
reticulato-venose joint on a long stalk thrust down by the twisting of the top of
single species.
the pedicel so as to approach the rachis.
campanulate

Leaves 1-foliolate.

M. nidulans,

Bennett PI. Jav. Bar. 154,

Uraria retrofracta, Wall. Cat. 5678.
1.

t.

'52
j

Walp. Bop.

v.

524.

Hilly woods of Birma, Maktaban and TENAssBRiM.--DisTinit. Malay isles.

An erect annual, 1 ft. or more high, with numerous slender spreading naked
branches. Leaves simple leaflet broader than long, membranous, glabrous, pale green,
venose, truncate or faintly emai'ginate base subcordate petiole filiform, articulated
and minutely stipellate at the tip. Flowers in dense oblong podiineled terminal heads
veeeding the seta1 in. or less long; pedicels fascicled, \- f in. long, finely
Calyx and corolla very small. Pud with a stalk 3-4 times as long as
ceous bracts.
;

itself.
<

49.

OUGEINIA,

Benth.^

fck

}>.

Flowers in fascicled axillary racemes.

Tree. Leaves pinnately 8-foliolate.
Corolla much exCalyx-tube campanulate teeth small, upper 2 subconnate.
Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform.
serted ; standard broad; keel obtuse.
Ovary sessile, linear, many-ovuled style filiform, incurved, s^gina minute capiPod linear, flat, smooth, formed of 2-5 large more or less -distinct joints.
tate.
single endemic species.
Disieib.
;


Oligemia.]

LEGUMiNOSiE.

L.

G. Baker.)

(J.

161

1. O. dalberg-ioides, Benth. PL Jungh. 216 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 36 Brand.

For. Flor. 146, t. 23. Dalbergia ougeinensis, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind.
Wall. Cat. 5851
Wight Ic. t. 391.
iii. 220
;

Northern India and Concan, ascending

to 4000 ft. in Ktjmaon.

high, with slender terete grey branches. Leaves distinctly
petioled, pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate leaflets rigidly coriaceous, glabrous or downy
below ; end leaflet roundish or obovate, 3-6 in. long, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate ;
side ones smaller, opposite, oblique.
Flowers very copious, in short fascicled racemes,
from the nodes of old branches pedicels 4f in., filiform, downy or glabrous. Calyx
- in. teeth obtuse. Corolla whitish or pale rose. Pod 2-3 in. long joints 2-3
times as long as broad.

Hilly tracts of

An

erect tree,

20-40

ft.

50.

DESItZOBIVM,

Desv.

Shrubs or herbs. Leaves 3-foliolate or simple, stipellate. Flowers small,

Calyx campanulate or turbinate ; teeth
red, in copious usually dense racemes.
longer or shorter than the tube, the two upper often subconnate.
Corolla exserted ; standard broad ; wings more or less adhering to the usually obtuse keel.
Upper stamen entirely or partially free, the other 9 united. Ovary sessile or
stipitate, few- or many-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma minute capitate.
Pod
usually composed of several one-seeded indehiscent joints, the faces compressed,
never muricated, the upper suture rarely finally splitting open. Distrib. Species about 120 ; cosmopolitan in the tropics and several in the Cape and North

America.
D. cajanifolium, I)C Prodr. ii. 331 (Hedysarum cajanifolium, //. B. K. Nov. Gen,
H. mucronatum, Blume; Waif. Rep. i. 746) a species widely spread in tropical
America, has been introduced in Ceylon, and is included in Wallich's distribution from
the Calcutta Garden as D. leptostachyum, Wall. Cat. 5697 A.
Ornithopus perpusillus is in Schmidt's Nilghiry collection, no doubt accidentally
t.

528.

introduced.

Arachis hypog-ea
a native.

Sttbgex.
foliolate

is

frequently cultivated, but has no claim to be regarded as

%
1.

^cndrolooiutn, W.
Mowers

leaves,

in

cj*

A.

woody branches, 3or sessile axillary umbels,

Shrubs with

&jlise skort-peduncled

minute deciduous bracts.

1.9. umbellatum, DC. Prodr. ii. 325 branches terete, leaflets obtuse
1-1 J times as long as broad, ]oints of -pod large H-2 times as long as broad.
W. $ A. Prodr. 224, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 87 Wall. Cat. 5687 Date. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 66.
Dendrolobiiun iimbellatuni, Benth. PI. Jung. 218. Hedysarum umbellatum, Linn. Sp. 1053 Jacq. Hort. Schoen. t. 297, non Roxb. H. arboreum,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. Hi. SGQ.Biirm. Zeyl, t. 51.
;

Tropical zone ; Ava, Tenasserim, Penang, Malacca, Ceylon.

Distrib. Mascaren
Malaya, Philippines, Polynesia.
Petioles 1 in. or less,
shrub, 5-6 ft. high, with densely downy young branches.
slightly furrowed leaflets subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above, thinly grey-canescent or nearly glabrescent beneath, the veins not much raised end one larger than side
Umbels 6-12-flowered pedicels short,
ones, roundish or broad-oblong, 2-3 in. long.
Calyx in. densely silky teeth shorter than or as long as the tube. Counequal.
Pod H-2in. long joints 4-5, thick, glabrescent or silky, \-1 in. long,
rolla if-4 in.
indented at both sutures.
isles,

2.

25.

Gephalo tes,

2-0 limes as long

VOL.

II.

Wall. Cat. 5721

as broad, joints of

branches triquetrous,

ieaflets

W.

pod small as long as broad.

acute
fy

A.

162

l.

leguminos^i.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Desmoduiin.

Prodr. 224 Wight Ic. t. 373 Bedel. Fl. Sylv. 87 Anal. Gen. t. 12, fig. 4. Dendrolobium cephalotes, Benth. PI. Jung. 218. Hedysarum cephalotes and umbelD. congestum, Wall. Cat. 5723
latuin, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 3G0.
W. $ A.
Prodr. 224; Wight Ic. t. 209; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 66. D. anstrale,
D. sericatum, Presl, Bot. Bern. 39. D.
Hassk. PI. Jav. Par. 356, non DC.
;

lineatum, Span, in Linn. xv. 193.

East Himalayas, tropical zone. Nipal to Chittagong, ascending to 4000 ft.

through India proper to Ceylon and Siam. Distrib. China, Malay isles.
A shrub, several ft. high, with densely grey-silky acutely-angled zigzag branches.
leaflets oblong or obovatePetiole 1-2 in., thickened, deeply furrowed down the face
obloug, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above, grey-silky with conspicuous parallel
Flowers 20 or more, in dense umraised main veins below, the end one 3-6 in. long.
Calyx | in. teeth lanceobels pedicels unequal, silvery, jointed at the apex.
Corolla deep red, twice the calyx.
Pod under an inch
late, as long as the tube.
long, glabrescent or silky; joints 4-5, square, slightly indented, mainly at the lower

suture.

ex. 2.

Pliyllodium, Desv. Shrubs with woody

branches, 3-foliolate

umbels in long continuous rows and each bidden

leaves, fiowera umbellate, the

by a pair of persistent bracts.

- IV pulcbellum, Benth. MSS. ; leaves finely downy beneath, bracts

Hedysasmall close coriaceous plicate glabrous above, joints usually 2.
rum pulchellum, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 361. Dicerma pulcbelhun, DC.
Wight Ic. t. 418.
Prodr. ii. 339 ; Wall. Cat. 5737 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 230
Zornia pulcliella, Pers. Syn. ii. 318. Phvllodium pulchellum, Desv. Journ. Bot.

iii.

123,

t.

5, fig.

24; Benth.

PI.

JwngL217.

East Himalayas and through India proper to Ceylon, Burma, and Pegu. Distrib.
China, Philippines, Malay isles.
Petiole
shrub, 3-6 ft. high, with slender terete finely grey-downy branches.
%-% in. leaflets rigidly coriaceous, green, glabrous above end one much the largest,
oblong, 3-6 in. long, obtuse or subacute, rounded at the base, sometimes slightly repand.
Racemes ^-1 ft. long, composed of 12-50 umbels; bracts the same texture as the
in., long, with a short petiole ending in a long
leaves, orbicular, rather oblique,
bristle; umbels 2-6-fiowered -pedicels ^-^ in., downy. Calyx -^ in. teeth lanceolate,
shorter than the tube. Corolla 3 times the calyx. Joints of pod rarely 1 or 3, glabrous
or downy, ^ in. long, constricted at .both sutures.

~^

'

4.

D. gramde, Kurz

downy

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 184 leaves finely

beneath, bracts large coriaceous plicate glabrous above not close, joints
;

3-4.
Griffith No. 1690, the exact station not known, probably Texasserim.
Closely allied to the preceding, but considerably larger in most of its parts.
Branches slender, terete, finely grey-downy. Petiole 1-1 in leaflets ovate, narrowed
gradually to an acute point, the end one 4-5 in. long. Racemes reaching a foot long,
with a downy zigzag rachis bracts like those of the last in texture, |-1 in. long, more
pedicels } \ in. long.
Calyx in., finely downy upper teeth
coivlate at the base
deltoid ; lowest lanceolate. Joints of pod in. long and broad,' finely downy.

Ava, Kurz.

5.

large

Z>.

vestitum,

membranous not

Cat. 5739.

Benth.

MSS.

plicate pubescent

leaves densely

on both

sides.

downy

beneath, bracts

Dicerma vestitum, Wall.

Phyllodium vestitum, Benth. PL Jungh. 217; Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat.

i.

261.

Martaban,

TENASSE|tnr, near.Mergui, Griffith.

Wallich.
Brandies slender, clothed with dens'e snort ^pubescence. Leaflets oblong, 3-4 in.
long, at first densely pubescent on both sides, glabrescent above, obtuse or subacute,

Desmodium.~]

L.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

163

Racemes 4-6 in. long in the specimens seen; bracts 1-1 j- in.
long, orbicular, not oblique, obtuse, emarginate, thinner in texture than in the other
two and dissimilar to the leaves ; umbels 2-3-floweivd pedicels as lonp: as the calyx.
in.
Calyx A, in.; teeth deltoid, two upper connate, loivesi lanceolate. Corolla
rounded at the base.

Joints of pod 2-3, downy,

in. long.

Sicerma, DC.

Subgenus,

exstipetlate leaves,

trailing undershrub with small

miuute bracts and flowers in long racemes.

3-foliolate

Hedysarum biarticulatum, Linn.

0. Z>. biarticulatum, Benth. MSS.
JRavb. Fl. Ind. iii. 359.
Dicemia biarticulatum, DC. Prodr. ii. 339 ; Wall.
Wight Ic. t. 419.
Cat. 5738; W. $ A. Prodr. 230
;

Plains of

Western Peninsula, Ceylon and Birma.

Distrib.

Malay

isles,

N.

Australia.
Stipules scariose,
Stems slender, densely csespitose, ^2 ft., glabrous or downy.
connate, 2-3 cleft petiole - in. leaflets rigidly coriaceous, pale green, subequal,
oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, subglabrous, - in. long, nearly digitate.
Racemes
Calyx scariose, subpeduncled, sublax, - ft., the lower flowers 2-4 together.
glabrous, under
in.
teeth exceeding the tube, the two upper connate.
Corolla 2-3
times the calyx. Joints usually 2, rarely 1, round-oblong, pubescent, in. long, both
sutures deeply indented.
^%^..
;

Catenaria,

Srr.cKX. 4.

Shrubs with woody branches, 3-foliolate

and long pendulous 'many-jointed pods.

Benth.

leaves, long racemes, small bracts

laburnifolluiofl DC. Prodr.

ii. 337.
D. viticinum, Wall. Cat.
in Nov. Act. xviii. 321.
Hedysarum laburnifolium,
Poir. Encyc. vi. 422.
Catenaria laburnifolia, Benth. PL Jungh. 220.
II.
caudatum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 286 ?

7.

X&

5709.

1).

catenilerimi,

Am.

Central and East Himalayas, tropical zone Kumaon to Assam and Mishmi,
ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim Ceylon. Distrib. Malay isles, China, Japan.
Stipules free, minute, seshrub, with slender terete branches, soon glabrescent.
taceous petiole 1-li i n thickened, grooved down trfe face; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2-4 in. "JBhg, rigidly subcoriaceous, shining above, hairy on ribs below.
Calyx ^ in. hairs adpressed
Racemes \-\ it. Mtficels \ in., finally spreading.

->

teeth lanceolate, asftong as the tube, lowest linear.

in. long; joints 6-8, twice as long as broad, >

Corolla whitish,
t

\^

in.

Pod

2 3

with minute hooked spread! ng

hairs.

Shivl? with 1-foliolate leaves, winged

5. Pteroloma, Desv.
racemose flowers, minute bracts and acute keel.

Sttbgen.
petioles,

D. triquetrum, DC.

320; 'Wall. Cat. 5688; W. $r. A.

Prodr. 2&L Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 66. D. Ruricu latum, pseudo-triquetruru and
alatiim, DC. he cit.
Hedysarum triquetrum, Linn.; Ito.vb. Sort. Beng. 56;
II. alatum, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 348.
Pterolcma triquetrum,
Fl. Ind. iii. 347.
Benth. PL Jungh. 220.
8.

Prodr.

ii.

Central and East Himalayas, through India proper to Ceylon, ascending to

4000 ft. in Kumaon, Sikkim and Khasia. Chittagong, Tavoy, Pegu. Distrih.

Seychelles, China, Philippines.

Branches triquetrous, soon glabrescent. Leaflet ovate or lanceolate, reaching 6-8 in.
long, acute, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous above, hairy on the ribs below; petiole
Racemes
4_-14_ in., with a wing on each side, like the leaflet in texture, - in. broad.
^-1 ft. long, axillary and terminal pedicels ascending, - in. Calyx in., campanulate upper teeth deltoid, lowest linear. Pod 1-2 in. long, 6-8-jointed, glabrous or
;

pubescent; joints nearly

SriJGENvfl.

square.,:

Lower s^uro fajn^y ^uU'Uted.

Desmo("'im proper.

Erect herbs or undershrubs with

m2

164

leguminos^.

L.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[JDesmodium.

large 1-3-foliolate leaves, flowers often 2 or several from a node in long racemes
simple or panicled, deciduous bracts and distinctly jointed pods.
* Joints ofp>od indehiscent,

X).

1).

3-5 times as long as broad (Scokpiurtts,

ormocarpoides, DC.

1-foliolate, joints

Prodr. ii. 327 ;

6-8 flattened distinctly constricted.

Ind. Bat. i. 250. Hedysarum ormocarpoides, Desv.

Diet. Suppl. v. 15, non Vahl.

JBenth.)

petiole produced, leaves

D. zonatum, Miq. tflor.

H. adherens, Poir.

MSS.

West Peninsula; Wight, Beddome; and Ceylon, Gardner, Tkwaites.

Stems woody, slender, obtusely angular, finely downy when young. Leaflet ovate,
acute, rigidly subcoriaceous, 4-6 in. long, inconspicuously downy below petiole ^1 in.
Racemes terminal only, 6-9 in. long fascicles of flower few and distant bracts miCalyx
in., pubescent
teeth
nute, setaceous pedicels - in., finally subpatent.
'short, deltoid.
Pod pendulous, 3-4 in. long, under \ in. broad joints ribbed horizontally, clothed with minute hooked hairs, distinctly constricted at both sutures.
Hills of

10.

D. teres,

Wall. Cat. 5694; petiole very short, leaves 1-foliolate, joints

4-5 times as long as broad, Benth. PI. Jungh. 225.

1.0-12 very narrow turgid

Ava Taong-dong

mountains, Wallich.
;
Branches woody, terete, very slender, finely downy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, 4-6 in. long, rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, reticulatovenose, minutely hairy on the ribs below; petiole ^-\ in. Racemes terminal and
axillary, lax, 6-9 in. long, sparsely panicled
bracts minute, subulate pedicels
downy, -| in., finally spreading. Calyx j~ in., densely hairy teeth as long as the
in. br., clothed with minute hooked hairs, subsessile,
tube.
Fod l|-2 in. by
scarcely constricted between the joints.
;

1
3>. laxiflorum, DC. Prodr. ii. 335 le,aves\,3-foliolate, joints 6-10
narrow flattened 3-4 times as long as broad. J), bicoloi-^ Wall. Cat. 5719. D.
elongatum, Wall. Cat. 5715. I). leptostachvum, Wall. Vat. 5G97 B. D. sulcatum, Wall. Cat. 5736. D. recurvation, Grah.in Wall. Cat. 5717; W.% A.
Prodr. 226; Wight Ic. t. 374. D. diflusum, DC. Prodr^ii. 335, non 336.
1). Kottleri, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 296 f non Baker.
Iledvaarimi recurvatum,
Bo.vb. Jlort. Beng. 57; Fl I<*d. iii. 358; Wight Ic. t. 40t
II. diffusum,.
Bo.vb. Fl. Ind, iii. 357, non Willd,
H. Roxburghii, Spreng. Syst. App. 292.
;

H.

Rottleri, Sprang. Syst.

iii.

320.

Himalayas, temperate and tropical regions from G-hurwhal and Kumaon to Assam,
ascending to 6000 ft. in Sikkim and Kumaon. Western Peninsula, Ava, Pegu,.
Tenasserim. Distrib. Java, Borneo, Philippines.
An erect undershrub, 3-5 ft. high, with obtusely angled branches, cbjthed with
dense short hairs. Petiole 1-2 in. leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, glabrous
above, clothed with adpressed minute hairs beneath end one usually ovate or broad
oblong, acute, sometimes obovate, subobtuse, 4-6 in. long. Racemes copious, axillary
and terminal, the latter often compound, often a foot long flowers several to a node
and the nodes close, pedicels ^- J in., finally spreading bracts minute, linear-subuCalyx under
in., densely hairy
late.
Pod
teeth lanceolate, longer than the tube.
1-1 A- in., rarely 2 in., by
in., clothed with minute hooked hairs, not at all or slightly

constricted at the joints.

** Joints of pod indehiscent, as broad as long spirally twisted both sutures

\
deeply indented (Chalaejx^i, DC.)
',

D. spirale,

:32
Benth, in Mart Fl. Bra*, xv. 1C5,.
synonyms."' WKK^SS^^^^BH^ttPt^W^t^^foii DC. Hedysarum
"
spirale, Sicartz Fl. lad. Oct-. J:.
amesCC

12.

with-

many

Desmodium.']

l.

leguminosjE.

North-west provinces,
America, Africa, Polynesia.

Royle;

(J.

G. Baker.)

165

Bundelcund, Edgeworih.

Distrib.

Trop.

caespitose erect annual, ^-2 feet high, with very slender glabrous stems.
Leaves
distinctly petioled, 3-foliolate, green, membranous, subglabrous ; end one ovate or lanceolate, -k-l^ in. long.
Racemes copious, axillary and terminal, the latter much panicled ; bracts minute, setaceous pedicels filiform, patent, glabrous, - in.
Calyx
teeth as long as the tube.
in.
Pod - in. long, j-& broad, 4-6-jointed, glabrous.
;

*** Joints
of pod indehiscent, longer than broad, the loivest one distinctly
stalked, the constrictions reaching from the lower nearly to the upper suture.

(Podocarpitjm, Benth.)

D. podocarpum, DC.

Prodr. ii. 336 corolla small, bracts linear

3-4 times as long as the calyx, pedicels short, joints
Wall. Cat. 5711, non Hook. $ Am. Bot. Beeclu t. 98^
D. japonicum, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 46.
13.

"minute, stalk of pod

truncate at the apex.

Temperate and tropical Himalayas, alt. 2-7000

Khasia and Sikkjm, Distrib. China, Japan.

ft.

from Simla and GlJEWflAL to

Stems 2-3 ft., herbaceous, angular, erect, finely pubescent. Stipules small, setaceous petiole 1-3 ir..
3, membranous, both surfaces subglabrescent, the lower
one pale end one roundish, subacute, 2-3 in. long, with a deltoid base. Racemes few,
very lax, axillary and terminal, tflfe latter reaching a foot long, copiously panicled
bracts minute,^linear pedicels under \ in.
Calyx turbinate, 775 in., slightly bristly ;
teeth deltoid, very short.
Corolla in.
Joints 1-2, \ in. long by half as broad,
half-rhomboidal, pubescent, the upper suture flattened.
Var. laxum; leaflets larger, the end one 2-3 times as long as broad narrowed
gradually to a point. D. laxum, DC. he. cit. Hedysarum laxum, Spreng. Syst. App.
Wall. Cat. 5720.
Kumapn, Nipal and Sikkim.
292. I). t.
1
;

-D. CS-ardnevi, Benth. VI. Jungh. 226; corolla small, bracts setaceous
<;' pod H - i> times the calyx, pedicels moderately long, joints ob1>. bambusetormn, Miq. Flor. 2nd. Bat. i. 256?
lique or truncate at the apex.
3). podocarpum, Miq, Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 46, non DC.
34.

minute, stalk

West

Peninsul!.,

Shevagcrry

Dr.

hills,

Wight.

Ceyeon,

Gardner.

Distrib.

Japan.
pa}

habit <f)f the

last, of
petiole 2-3 in.

which

it is

perhaps a mere southern variety.

Stipides

membranous, subglabrescent, the end one

narrow-ovate, 4-6 in. long, narrowed gradually to a point. Pedicels ^^ in. '~ bracts,
calyx and corolla of D. podocarpum. Joitits 2-3, | in. long, in. broad, cut away
in an obliquo line from opposite the point to the base
stalk of pod | in. long.
I in.

leaflets 3,

corolla small, bracts mi15. X>. clolabriforme, Benth. PI. Jungh. 226
nute setaceous, stalk of pod 2-3 times as long as the calyx, pedicels short, joints
;

oblique at the apex.

Western Peninsula, Cabnatic, near Courtallum, Wight Tinnevelley, Beddome.

Leaves crowded on an erect stem a few inches high.
Stipules small, lanceolate,
persistent petiole 1-1^ in. leaflets 3, membranous, both surfaces green, lower obscurely pilose, end one ovate, narrowed gradually to an obtuse point, twice as long as
broad, 1^-2 in. long, base deltoid. Racemes simple, lax, long-peduncled, terminal, 2-3
in. long ; pedicels -% in., finally patent.*
Calyx -^ in., turbinate lower tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube, upper deltoid.
Joint solitary, half-rhomboidal, | in. long,
three times as long as broad, narrowed gradually from above the middle to the tip and
;

stalk.

D. Scalpe, DC.

large", bracts large ovate, peD. strangulatum, W.

calyx.
D. trichocaulon, Hassk. PI Jav. Bar. 367,

dicels verv long, stalk of

Prodr. ii. 334 corolla

pod twice as long as the

Ic.

16.

A. Prodr. 228

Wight

t.

985.

;;

166

L.

leguminos^:.

non DC. D. caffrum, EcH.

A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 205.
and 334 ?

(J.

[Desmodiwm.

G. Baker.)

$ Zey. Herb.

Cap. No. 1662. D. Schiniperi, Hochst. :

D. abyssinicum and repandum, DC. Prodr. ii. 33K

Hills of the "Western Peninsula, and Ceylon.

Distrib. Malay and Masparen
Abyssinia, Natal.
Stems 3-4 feet high, erect, woody in the lower part, densely downy. Stipules
\-^ in., lanceolate, persistent petiole 2-3 in. leaflets 3,. membranous, finely downy
on both surfaces, often slightly repand end one 2-4 in. long, roundish- or obovate-rhomboidal, base and apex subdeltoid.
Racemes very lax, mostly terminal, often a foot
long, simple or forked at the base bracts boat-shaped, enclosing the buds, soon falling
pedicels capillary, permanently ascending, lower 1-1 J in. long.
Calyx \ in., downy;
lower tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube upper deltoid. Corolla f^ in., bright red.
Joints 1-3, half-rhomjboidal, \-^ in. long by half as broad apex oblique upper
suture rather recurved.
isles,

2>.

17.

pfocordatum, Kurz

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 229; conear-subulate caducous, stalk of pod not longer than
L'raria obcordata, Miq.'Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppf. 114, 305.

Tenassfrim, Kurz.

twitting perennial, 3-4

high, with puberalous stems.

Stipules lanceolate,
chartaceous, pale, thinly downy and prominently
beneath, end one obcordatc-lunatc, ^2 in. broad, emarginate with a mucro,
lateral ones smaller, deltoid.
Racemes slender, pubesqent, axillary and forming a
terminal panicle; bracts very caducous.
Calyx
in,, pubescent; teeth lanceolate,
acuminate.
Corolla purple, under \ in.
Joints of pod 1-3, round-hastate, in.
long and broad, flat, puberulous.

in.; petiole

-hl

ft.

in.; leaflets

**** Joints
of pod indehiscent, once or twice as long as broad; upper suture
straight or slightly indented ; calyx-teeth deltoid, never exceeding the tube (DoL-

linera, Endl.)

t Leaves

All shrubby.

1-foliolate.

18. I>. oblong-um, Wall. Cat. 5714; leaflets

thinly silky beneath. Benth. PL Jungh. 224.

Ava

3-4 times as long as broad

Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

Stems slender, woody, finely downy. Leaflet oblong, 3-5 in. long, obtuse, rounded at
the base, subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above; petiole i| in. ^Racemes very lax,
axillary and terminal, copiously panicled, 4-6 in. long, most of the flowers in distant
pairs
Calyx T^ in., lowest tooth
pedicels - in.
bracts \ in., ovate -cuspid ate.
lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla in. Pod f-1 in. long, in. broad, 6-7jointed, thinly closely silky, the upper suture slightly indented.
;

D. oblatum,

19.
leaflet

Baker; Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng.

:,

xlf?. 2,

230

broader than long glabrous beneath.

forests of Pegu, Ava and Martaban, Kurz.

Stems slender, woody, glabrous. Leaflet membranous, |-1 in. long, 1 in. broad,
green above, grey-green beneath; petiole ^fin. Racemes very lax, axillary and terin., thinly
minal, the end one panicled pedicels erecto-patent, - in.
Calyx
Corolla 3-4
silky teeth as long as the tube, lowest lanceolate, the others deltoid.
times the calyx. Pod |-f in. long, in. broad, 3-4-jointed, subglabrous, distinctly
Very near B. reniforme, DC, from which it
stalked upper suture slightly indented.
differs by its longer pedicels and more deeply indented pod.

Birma

ft Leaves

S-foliolate.

20. E>. sinuatusn, Blume MSS. ; leaflets repand, pedicels short, corolla
small, bracts setaceous, joints many small clothed with minute hooked hairs.
D.

strangulatum var. sinuatum, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.

i.

255.

;;

Desmodium.']

l.

Khasia, tropical zone,

Distrib.

Malay

Branches

leguminosj:.
alt.

3-5000

ft.,

(J.

Hook.

G. Baker.)

fil.

167

'

Thomson.

Mishmi,

Griffith.

isles.

terete,

woody, minutely downy.

Petiole

1-1*

in.

subcoria-

leaflets

ceous, pale, minutely downy or nearly glabrescent beneath ; end one roundish-rhomboidal, obtuse, 2-3 in. long, conspicuously repand in the upper half. Racemes copious,
terminal and axillary, moderately close, not more than 3-4 in. long ; pedicels ^-^ in.,
Corolla in. Pod 1^-1^ in.
Calyx
in.
teeth as long as the tube.
finely downy.

long, under in. broad; joints 8-12, as broad as long.

21.

D. floribundum,

G.

Don

Gen. Syst.

297

ii.

leaflets entire, pedicels

many

small clothed with adpressed silky hairs. D. multiflorum, DC. Prodr. ii. 335
Wall. Cat. 5705. D.
angulation, DC. Prodr. ii. 335, no7i Wall. D. dubium, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 967
Bot. May. t. 2960. D. sambuense, DC. Prodr. ii. 335 ? Hedysarani floribundum, Don Prodr. 244. H. "Wallichianum, Spreng. Syst App. 292. H. sambuense, Don Prodr. 243 ?
short, corolla large, bracts lanceolate large, joints

Himalayas, tropical and temperate zones, from the Upper Punjab to Khasia,
ascending to 7000 ft.
Branches woody, angular, densely pubescent. Stipides lanceolate, ^ in. leaflets
subcoriaceous, green, with a few adpressed hairs above, densely clothed with adpressed grey silky hairs and finely reticulato- venose beneath end one obovate-oblong,
3-4 in. long, obtuse or subacute. Racemes very copious, axillary and terminal, moderately close, 3-6 in. long, often second; bracts acuminate, ciliated, ^f in. long; pedicels \ in., erecto-patent, finely hairy. Calyx \ in. teeth as long#s the tube. * Corolla
|-^ in. Pod -1 in. long, under | in. br. } joints 6-8, rather longer than broad.
;

22. D. confertum, DC. Prodr. ii. 335 ; leaflets entire, pedicels short,
bracts and corolla large, joints few large 'densely clothed with spreading silky
hairs.
D. barbatuni, Wall. Cat., 6724, non Benth. (Iledysarum, Linn.)

Central and East Himalayas, alt. 2-4000 ft. Nipal, Sikkim and Khasia.
terete, finely downy when young.
Petiole 1-H in.
leaflets subcoria;

Branches

ceous, glabrous above, distinctly reticulato-venose, pale, minutely hairy below; end Oneobovate or oblong, obtuse or acute, 3-6 in. long. Racemes copious, short, dense,
axillary and terminal, the latter panicled, often subsecund; bracts in. long, lanceolate, scariose ; pedicels j$-\ in., ascending.
Calyx in., turbinate, subglabrous
lower teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube ; upper deltoid. Corolla 3-4 times the calyx.
Pod 1-1 \ in. long, under \ in. broad joints 3-4, twice as long as broad, the constric;

tion from below reaching

more than half way through.

'

J:',.
S. ozyphyllum, DC. Prodr. ii. 336; leaflets acute thinly silky beneath, pedicels long, bracts lanceolate acuminate, corolla large, joints many large
glabrescent.
D. serriferum, Wall. Cat. 5708 B.

BbJ

to

Central and East Himalayas, tropical and temperate

Assam and Khasia, ascending to 7000 ft.

zones.

Kttmaon and Simla

"*%

soon glabrescent. Petiole l-l^in. ; leaflets membranous

or subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above, pale, thinly grey-silky beneath end one obovate-oblong, usually twice as long as broad, narrowed gradually to a point, entire or
obscurely repand, 2-4 in. long.
Racemes copious, short, moderately dose, axillary
and terminal, thelatter much panicled; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, ciliated, | in. long;
pedicels ascending, subglabrous f-1 in.
Calyx
in., subglabrous; teeth very short.
Pod 2-3 in. long," in. broad, shortly stalked; joints 6-10, rather
Corolla -5 in.
longer than broad.
Var. serriferum leaflets obtuse repand densely silky beneath, pedicels spreading or deflexed -| in. long clothed with spreading silky iiairs like the calyx.
serriferum, Wall. Cat. 5708 A. D. polycarpum, Wall Cat. 5710, non
Nipal,

Branches slender,

terete,

PC

Wallich.

168

leguminoSjE.

L.

(J.

[Desmodium.

G. Baker.)

24. D. tiliae folium, G. Don. Gen. Syst. ii. 297

leaflets obtuse or subacute densely hoary beneath, pedicels moderately long, bracts lanceolate, corolla
large, joints many thinly clothed with adpressed silky hairs. Wall. Cat. 5707.
D. nutans, Wall. Cat. 5706;.Bot. Mag. t. 2867. D. argenteum, Wall. Cat.
5713. Hedysarum tiliaefolium, Don Prodr. 244.
.
;

All along the Himalayas from the Upper Punjab to Tavot, temperate and tropical zones, ascending to 9000 ft.
Branches slender, terete, finely downy.
Petiole 2-3 in
leaflets thick, flexible,
subcoriaceous, green, glabrescent above, more or less densely persistently matted with
whitish silky hairs beneath ; end one broad obovate, 2-4 in. long, entire or obscurely
repand, base deltoid or rather rounded. Bacemes copious, lax, often a foot long, axillary and terminal, the latter often copiously panicled, with lower branches again
compound pedicels J- in., ascending, finely downy. Calyx in., downy teeth deltoid, shorter than the tube.
Corolla -^- in. Pod 2-3 in. long, \ in. broad ; joints
6-9, longer than broad.
;

***** Joints
of pod as in the

last

group, but the calyx-teeth narrower and

(Heteeolom A, Benth.)

longer.

t Leaves

1-foliolate.

25. E>.

flezaosum,

Birma

Prome

Wall. Cat. 5691 leaflet membranous orbicular glabrous on the^ipper surface.

Benth. PI. Jungh. 224.
;

hills,

Wallich.

Stems slender, woody, flexuose, trailing, clothed throughout with spreading or deflexed bristly hairs.
Leaflet 2-3 in. long and broad, obtuse, or obscurely cuspidate,
rounded or slightly cordate at the base, thinly coated^ with adpressed grey hairs below petiole 1-1^- in. Bacemes terminal and lateral, distinctly peduncled, 2-3 in. long,
moderately close pedicels in., slender, ascending; bracts setaceous, minute. Calyx
in., bristly, teeth lanceolate.
Corolla in. Pod glabrescent, 5-6-jointed, only
seen immature.
-,.
;

20. 3D.
c^zi g oticuza, DC. Prodr. ii. 327; leaflet membranous or subcoriaceous oblong entire acute glabrescent on the upper surface. Wall. Cat.
5689 ;&V. <y A. Prodr. 225 ; Wight Ic. 271 Date. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 66.
D. latifolium, Wight Ic. t. 272, non t. 270. Hedysarum gangeticimi, Linn. ;
Fl. Irtd. iii. 349. H. collinum, Roxb. loc. cit.
'::

Himalayas (ascending to 5000 ft. on the Chenab) to Pegu and Ceylon. Distrie.
Trop. Africa, Malay isles, Philippines, China introduced in West Indies.
Stems subercct, reaching 3-4 ft. high, woody, slightly angular, clothed with short
grey down upwards. Leaflet oblong, usually 3-6 in. long, not more than ^-^ as
broad, rounded at the base, narrowed gradually to an acute point, thinly clothed be>.neath with addressed grey hairs, not reticulato-venose
petiole ^-1 in.
Bacemes
"copious, ascending, lateral and terminal, the latter sublax, 6-12 in. long, simple or
with a few short ascending branches in the lower part; pedicels ^-5- in., ascending;
bracts minute, setaceous.
Calyx under
in., finely downy; teeth lanceolate. Corolla
-i in. Pod falcate, \-% in. long, \-^ in. broad, 6-8-jointed, glabrescent or clothed
T
with minute hooked hairs.
Var. macidatum; dwarf, a foot or less high, leaflet roundish-cordate 1 in. or
less Ion?. Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 141, fig. 168.
D. maculatum, DC. Prodr. ii. 327 Wall.
Cat. 5690.
Hedysarum maculatum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1051. Kohilcund, Upper Bengal,
&c.
;

'27. 35. latifolium, DC. Prodr. ii. 327;, leaflet ovate thick subcoriaceous
obscurely repand usually subobtuse persistently scabrous with adpressed bristly
hairs on"the upper surface. Wall. Cat. 5692
W. $ A. Prodr. 225 Wight Ic.
t. 270
Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 66.
D. coUinum, Wall. Cat. 5693. D.
;

Desmodium.']
lasiocarpum,

l.

legumixos/E.

DC. loc. cit.

I),

(J.

G. Baker.)

169

virgatura, Zolling in Flora, 1847, 697.

Roxb. Hort. Bang. 57; Fl. Ind. iii, 350; Ker. Bot.
Anarthrosyne cordata, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. Bot. 39, t. 7.

latifolium,

Iledysaruni
t. 355.

Reft.

Himalayas (ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim) to Birma, Siam and Ceylon. Distrib. Trop. Africa, Madagascar, Malay isles, Philippines ; introduced in W. Indies.
An erect underslirub, 3-6 ft. high, with terete branches densely clothed with short
brown pubescence. Leaflets 3-6 in. long, 1^-2 as long, as broad, usually cordate or
truncate, rarely deltoid at the base, reticulato-venose, densely clothed with short soft
brown hairs beneath petiole \-^ in. Racemes copious, ascending, 2-6 in. long, sessile or short-peduncled, spike-like, usually dense, axillary and terminal, the latter
Calyx
compound; pedicels
bracts minute, setaceous.
in. or less, densely downy
Corolla 3-4 times calyx.
Pod
in. ; teeth linear-lanceolate, as long as the tube.
;

in. broad, 4-6-joiuted, densely

^-f in. long,

clothed with minute hooked hairs, the

upper suture slightly indented.

ft Leaves -foliolate.
28. 32- Tbwaitesii, Baker herbaceous, stems slender terete, leaflets obovate entire, bracts lanceolate-aciiniinate middle-sized, joints twice as long as
broad. D. strangulatum, var. minor, Thivaites Enum. 87.
;

Ceylon, Thivaites CP. 3327.

Stems a foot or more long, clothed upwards with dense spreading grey hairs. Petiole
leaflets membranous, green, glabrous above, clothed below with short ad-< in.
pressed grey hairs end one l-l in. long. Racemes few, long-peduncled, lateral and
terminal, lax, few-flowered pedicels |- in., spreading or ascending.
Calyx under
in.
teeth lanceolate.
Corolla i in. Pod l-\\ in. by in. joints about 4, minutely
pubescent, scarcely constricted at the upper suture. Habit of D. polycarpum var. irichocaulon, from which it differs by its pod, long pedicels, and lax racemes.
;

20. I>. Wig'htii, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5718 herbaceous, stems slender angular, leaflets ovate-oblong acute subrepand, bracts minute setaceous, joints small
as long as broad. W. A. Prodr. 226
Thivaites Enum. 87. D. AValkeri.
;

Am.
M

Pug. 13.

D. Pryoni,

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

334?

Nilghiri Hills and Ceylon.

^fl
Stems erect, clothed when young with fine short spreading grey hairs.
Stipules
large, lanceolate, acuminate, not amplexicaul
petiole 1-li in.
leaflets membranous
or subcoriaceous, green and smooth above, grey clothed with short adprossed hairs
beneath end one 2-4 in. long, narrowed gradually to a point. Racemes copious, lax.
lateral and terminal, the latter reaching a foot long, usually simple
pedals \-\ in.,
ascending or spreading. Calyx
Corolla
in. teeth lanceolate, longer than the tube.
3 times calyx. Pod \- in. long, under in. broad, glabrescent, 4-6-joiuted upper
;

suture distinctly indented.

'

>H

3>. cMiFusum, DC. Prodr. ii. 336, non 335; herbaceous, gfa m .>, stout
angular deeply sulcata, leaflets obovate entire, bracts minute lanceolate, joints
small as long as broad.
W. 8r A. Prodr. 226; Wight Ic. t. 298. D. dicliotonium, DC. Prodr. loc. cftJ. D. Bdfcburghii, Wall. Cat. 5716. D.f Willdenovii,
G. Don Gen. Si/st. ii. 206. D. quinquangulare, Wight Ic. t. 203. Hedysarum
diffusum and dichotomum, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1180. H. articulatiun and quinquangulatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 355.
'

Plains of the Western Peninsula, Bundelxund, Bengal and Prome, ascending

4000 ft, in the Vindhia chain (Edgeworth).
Stems 1-2 ft, long, diffuse, csespitose, prominently angled, clothed with spreading
grey hairs. Stipules large, leafy, amplexicaul, auricled petiole 1-li j n
leaflets

to


170

leguminous.

l.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

[Desmoclium.

subcoriaceous, rather scabrous above, with obscure adpressed hairs, reticulato-venose,

finely grey-downy below
end one obtuse, obovate, rarely roundish or oblong, 2-3 in.
long.
Racemes copious, lateral and terminal, lax or moderately close, reaching a foot
long, the end one panicled pedicels - in., pubescent, erecto-patent.
Calyx Jj in. ;
teeth deep, setaceous.
Corolla twice the calyx, the smallest of all the species. JPbd -|
in. long, i-^ in. broad joints 4-6, densely clothed with minute spreading hooked grey

hairs upper suture distinctly indented.

;

D. sequax, Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 157 shrubby, branches terete,

ovate-oblong acute repand, bracts very minute, upper suture slightly indented.
Wall. Cat. 5712.
31.

leaflets

Along the Himalayas from Simla and Kumaon

to Sikkim, alt.

4-7000

ft.

shrub, reaching 2-30 ft. high, the branches clothed with dense short grey or
brown pubescence. Petioles 1-2 in.; leaflets subcoriaceous, subscabrous, with short
obscure adpressed hairs above, grey and more densely hairy beneath end one 3-5 in.
long, narrowed gradually to a point.
Rac&mes copious, moderately lax, lateral and
terminal, 2-4 in. long, the end one panicled pedicels ^-\ in., downy, spreading or
ascending.
Calyx
in.
teeth lanceolate.
Corolla 3 times calyx.
Pod - in. long,
y^ in. broad, 6-8-jointed, short -stalked, densely clothed with minute spreading
;

hooked

hairs.

D. concinnum, DC. Prodr./ii. 335; shrubby, branches terete,

oblong entire obtuse, bracts large ovate, upper suture not indented, D.
pendulum, Wall. PI. As. JRar. t. 94. D. penduliflorum, Wall. Cat. 5727. D.
paucinervimn, DC. Prodi: ii. 336.
32.

leaflets

All along the Himalayas from the Upper Punjab to Silhet and Khasia, ascending to 7000 ft. in Simla. Pegu, McClelland.
A tall shrub, with slender drooping branches, densely clothed at first with short
grey pubescence. Petioles 41 in. leaflets subcoriaceous, green, smooth above, with
raised parallel main veins and clothed with adpressed grey or brownish silky hairs
beneath end one 2-3 in. long side ones smaller. Racemes copious, lax, lateral and
terminal, the latter often -1 ft. long, usually simple pedicels h-$ in., ascending
bracts - in., closely imbricated, densely silky.
Calyx
in.
teeth lanceolate-delCorolla \--k in.
toid.
Pod f-1 in. long, in. broad, bhort-stalki-d, -i-6-jointed,
;

4flRfcr downy.

Vak. amcenum
amcennm, Wall.

leaflets

narrowed to an acute point, racemes most or

Khasia and Silhet.

Cat. 5726.

all terminal.

of pod small, as long as broad, sometimes splitting along the lower

Calyx-teeth long. (Nlsuture straight, lower slightly constricted.

* Points

i-etroflexum, DC. Prodr.

336; pedicels sharply reflexed,

tially l-'bliolate, leaflet rotundato-cordate.
D. orbiculatum, Wall. Cat.
5695. J
blium, Wall. Cat. 5696. Uraria? styracifolia, W. # A. Prodr.
t>22.
Iledysanmi retroflexum," Linn. Mont. 103. H. styracifolium, Linn. Mant.
33.

"D.

ii.

>.

103, r.on aliorum.

Assam, Silhet and Tkxasserim, tropical zone. Distrik. China.

Branches terete, woody, clothed with short spreading hairs at first. Leaves subcoriaceous, 'thick, green, glabrous above, densely coated with adpressed white silky
hairs beneath, 1-2 in. long and broad side leaflets when present much smaller than
the end one petiole |-1 in., deflexed at tip. Racemes copious, simple, axillary and
terminal, very dense, subsessile, an inch or less long bracts ovate, ciliated pedicels
Calyx -^ in., densely bristly. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod |-^ in. long,
- in.
obscurely hairy, under in. broad joints 3-5.
;

34. 2>.

capitatum, DC.

pedicels sharply reflexed.

ii. 336
leaflets always 3 obovate-cuneate,
D. obovatum, Wall. Cat. 5722* B. D. polycarpum,

Prodr.

Desmoclhim.']

W.

H. conicum,

1.

Baker.)

(J. G.

171

Hedysarum. capitatum, Burm. Fl. Ind. 167,

A. Prodr. 227, ex parte.

8f

64,' fig.

PL

leguminos^e.

l.

Poir. Encyc. vi. 419.

t.

Psendarthria capitata, Hassk.

Jav. Par. 390.

Ceylon, Burmann. Prome hills, Wallich. Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

Branches woody, terete, argenteo-canescent when young. Petiole ~-l in. leaflets
snbeoriaceous, green, glabrescent above, densely persistently coated with adpressed
white silky hairs below; end one 1-1 in. long, retuse. Racemes copious, axillary and
terminal, simple, dense, nearly sessile, 1-2 in. long pedicels ^-\ in. bracts small,
teeth deep, setaceous.
Corolla
Calyx
in. glabrescent
ovate-cuspidate, ciliated.
;

Pod -f

twice the calyx.

35.

in. long, glabrescent, 4-6-jointed,

D. Griffith! anuin,

Benth. PI. Jungh. 222

in.

broad.

herbaceous, trailing,

leaflets 3, pedicels deflexed at the tip, corolla small.

Ivhasia,

alt.

4-6000

ft..

Griffith, HooJc.fil. 8c

Thomson.

long, moderately robust, densely clothed upwards with fine spreadPetiole -1 in. ; leaflets always 3, subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above,
ing hairs.
clothed with short inconspicuous adpressed hairs beneath ; end one obovate-oblong, obRacemes terminal, peduncled, 2-6 in. long, dense in the upper
tuse, |-1 in. long.
part bracts 4- in, ovate-cuspidate, densely silky; pedicels - in., silky, ereeto-pateht.
Calyx \ in., densely silky teeth deep, setaceous. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod

Stems 1-2

ft.

A--;v

in.

30.

by

Z>.

in.,

4-5-jointed, obscurely downy.

brachystachyum,

Grah. MSS. ; herbaceous, trailing, leaves

Benth. PI. Jungh. 223.

1-foliolate, pedicels reflexed at the tip.

Upper Gangetic Plain, Hamilton, Edgeworth, $c.

.Stems coespitose, slender, a foot long, glabrous except at the top. Leaflets roundor broad-oblong, cordate, 3-I5 in. long, obtuse or emarginate, subcoriaceous, glabrous
above, reticulato-venose and inconspicuous hairy below; petiole ^ in. Racemes copious, close, under 1 in.' long, axillary and terminal, nearly sessile bracts lanceolate,
under \ in. pedicel ^-- in., abruptly cernuous at the tip, as in Uraria. Calyx ^ in.,
Corolla
teeth long, lanceolato-cuspidate.
clothed all over with dense white hairs
twice the calyx. Pod sessile, 2-jointed, glabrous, not longer than the calyx.
;

37. Z>. rufescens, DC. Prodr. ii. 335? erect, shrubby, leaflets 3, pedicels
finally spreading or cernuous, corolla large. W.\ 8r A. Prodr. 228 ; Wight let.

984

Must,

t.

79.

D. ferruginemn, Wall. Cat. 5732

Thivaites

Enum.

87.

Nilghiris and Ceylon, up to 4000 ft.

An erect undershrub, with young branches densely clothed with short ferruginous
Petiole 1-1^ in.; leaflets subcoriaceous, glabrous above, more or less
silky hairs.
end one obovate-oblong, 1-2 in. long, obtuse,
densely argenteo-canescent beneath
with a mucro. Racemes usually terminal, 3-6 in. long, dense in. the upper part;
Calyx
bracts ovate-acuminate, \- in., densely silky pedicels 5 in., densely silky.
in.; teeth lanceolate, exceeding the tube; lowest linear. Corolla -^- in. Pod
short-stalked, 1-1J in. by ^ in., 6-8 -jointed, minutely downy.
;

"'

.38. >. polycarpum, DC. Prodr. ii- 334; shrubby, suberect, leaflets 3,
pedicels ascending, corolla, bracts and joints of pod small.
W. A. Prodr. 227
Wight Ic. t. 406,' wo,i Wall. J: ah. $ Gihs. Bomb. Fl 66. L>. angulattim, Wall.
Cat. 5729 ex parte, non DC.
D. siliquosum,
I). ^\\\' [uA\-\\r.\. Wall. Cat. 57'30/
DC. Prodr. ii. 336. D. heterbearpum, J)C Prodr. ii. 337. D. retusum, G.
Don Gen, Si/st. ii. 297. D. gvroidos; I/assL PI -Jar. Bar. 362, non DC. D.
Buergeri, Miq. Ann. Mas. Liu/d. Bat. ii,i. 45. I). nervosum, Vogel. PI. Meyen,
28.
D. patens, Wight Ic. t. 407
Hedysarum polycarpum, Lam. III. t. 628.
II. siliquosum, Burm, Fl. Ind, 169, t. 55, fig. 2.
II. heterocarpum, Linn, Sp.
1054.
II. purpureimi, Boxb. Ilori. Benq. 57; Fl. Ind. iii. 358.
II. retusum,
Don Prod. 243. H. pa:ens, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 362.
:

;
1

172

l.

leguminoSjE.

Himalayas, (ascending to 5000

Malacca and Cexlon.

Distrib.

and everywhere

ft.)

[Desmodium.

G. Baker.)

(J.

Zanzibar, Malay

isles,

in the plain to Bikma,

Philippines, China, Japan,

Polynesia.

An erect or suberect undershrub, with woody slightly angular slender branches,

clothed upwards with short adpressed grey hairs. Petiole -1 in. leaflets subcoriaceous, green, glabrous above, thinly clothed with adpressed grey hairs beneath end one
obovate-oblong, obtuse, 1-3 in. long side ones smaller. Racemes terminal and lateral,
close, short-pednncled, 1-3 in. long, the end one sometimes branched
bracts |~| in.
pedicels - in., glabrous.
Calyx -^ i n
teeth acuminate, exceeding tube.
Corolla
under \ in. Pod A-f in. long, |- in. br., glabrescent or minutely downy, 5-8 -joipted.
Var. trichocaulon stems densely clothed upwards or throughout with spreading
D. tenue, Grah. in
grey hairs, bracts larger. D. trichocaulon, DC. Prodr. ii. 335.
D. angulatum, Wall. Cat. 5720,
Wall. Cat. 5731. D. serpens, Wall. Cat. 5733.
B, D, F, ex parte, non DC. D. distans, Boyle MSS. Kange of the type, ascending to
;

>

7000

ft.

in

Kumaon.

jucundum,

39. Z>.

Enum. 411 shrubby,

and joints of pod large.

Thiuaites

cels ascending, corolla bracts

erect, leaflets 3, pedi-

Ceylon Matelle district, Thwaites.

An erect much-branched undershrub, the young stems densely clothed with short
ferruginous silky hairs. Leaves coriaceous, the under side densely coated with adpressed grey or pale brown silky hairs, the main veins much raised end one obovateoblong, obtuse, 1^3 in. long base subcuneate petiole |1 in. Racemes terminal,
peduncled, 4-6 in. long, close upwards bracts in., ovate, silky pedicels ^ in.
Calyx ^ in teeth lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding tube. Corolla | in. Pod l-l|- in.
by in. joints 4-6, rather longer than broad, minutely downy.
;

annual, stems very slender,

40. X>. rotundifolium, Baker, non Wall.
leaves 1-foliolate, leaflet orbicular, racemes very lax few-flowered, pedicels
ascending, corolla exserted. Alysicarpus rotimdifolius, Balzell MSS.
;

Plains of Concan, Dr. Ritchie.

Stems erect, under a foot high, with many ascending branches, thinly clothed with
fine short spreading hairs.
Leaflet round, A in. long, obtuse or obscurely cuspidate,
slightly cordate, membranous, grey-green below with only a few obscure adpressed
hairs petiole ^ h in.
Racemes copious, terminal and lateral, the former forked,
3-4 in. long, the lower flowers in distant pairs, upper solitary pedicels ^-f in. long,
arcuate, finely pubescent.
Calyx \ in., thinly hairy; teeth linear-setaceous, very
deep.
Pod \-^ in. long, under
joints 3-5, glabrescent, reticuin. broad, falcate
;

lato-venose.

ram,

41. E&. p arviflo

Baker ; annual, stems very slender, leaves oblong
1- and 3-foliolate intermixed^ racemes very lax many-flowered, pedicels ascending, corolla included.
Alvsicarpus parviflorus, Dak. in Hook. Kew Joum. iii.
^11 ; Bala. <y Gibs.. Bomb. Flora, 65.

Plains of ConCax, Daizell,* Ritchie.

Anamallay

forest,

Wight.

1-2 ft. long, much^ branched, clothed with short spreading grey
hairs.
Leaflets membranous, mostly simple, oblong,' l-l in. long, obtuse or subacute,
subcordate, with only a few adpressed grey hairs beneath side ones, if present, much
smaller petiole | in. Racemes usually terminal, simple, 4-8 in. long, the lower

Stems

diffuse,

flowers in distant pairs; pedicels capillary, ^-f| in., finely downy; bracts ^ in., lanceolate-cuspidate.
Calyx jr in., clothed with short bristly hairs'; teeth setaceous, very
long.
Pod sessile, falcate, ~-l in. by y^in., 4-6-jointed, 'glabrescent.

auricomum,

42. J>.
Grah. in Wall. Cta.5704; annual, stems very slender,
leaves all "1-foliolate, racemes very lax few-Llowered, pedicels ascending, corolla
included. Beuth. PI. Jwiujh. 223 ; "Kurz in Juunt. Asiat. Soc. Bent/, xlii. 2, 230.

Plains of

Martaban and Tenasserim,

Wallich, Heifer, Parish, Kurz.


Desmodium.]

l.

leguminos2B.

(J. Gr.

;;

Baker.)

173

Steins csespitose, diffuse, l-l ft., densely clothed throughout with spreading brown
Leaves subcoriaceous, pale green, nearly glabrous beneath end leaflet
silky hairs.
obovate-oblong, obtuse, $* in. long ; side ones smaller petiole \ in. Racemes terminal, 2-3 in. long, the lower flowers in distant pairs, upper solitary pedicels J-f in.
Calyx in., shaggy with silky hairs, like those of the stem;
bracts lanceolate, \ in.
in., 4-5-jointed.
teeth linear-setaceous, very long. Pod sessile, silky, under ^ by
;

Sagotia,

Walp.

Trailing herbs, with small 3-foliolate sti-

pellate leaves, flowers in sparse lax

racemes or 1-2 in the axils of the leaves,

Stjbgen.

7.

deciduous bracts and distinctly jointed pods.

* Flmcers all 1-3 together without a

common peduncle

in the axils of the

leaves.

43. B. triflorum, DC. Prodr. ii. 334; Wall. Cat 5734 excl. F. ex parte
D. triBenth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 95, t, 26 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67.
florum 0. minus, W. $ A. Prodr. 229 ; Wight Ic. t. 292. D. heterophyllum,
Wall. Cat. 5701 0. Iledysarum triflorum, Linn. ; Roxb. Hort. Bern/. 57 ; FL
Ind. iii. 353. II. stipulaceum, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 54 , fig. 2. Nicolsonia reptans,
Meissn. in Linn. xxi. 260.
Sagotia triflora, Walp. % Duch. in Linn, xxiii.
738.
,-

Everywhere in the plains throughout India, ascending to 4000 ft. in Kumaon and
6-7000 ft. in Kashmir and on the Chenab. Distrib. Cosmopolitan in tropics.
Stems csespitose, very slender, trailing \-\\ ft., copiously branched, clothed with
Stipules lanceolate, persistent; petiole \-\ in. leaflets obovate,
fine spreading hairs.
-^ in., truncate or emarginate, with a few adpressed hairs below. Pedicels ^| in.
Calyx pubescent, ~- 1 in. ;" teeth very long, setaceous. Pod | ^ in. long, | in. br.,
3-5-jointed, pubescent upper suture straight, lower slightly indented.
v-^*
;

** Flozcers some racemed, the others pedicelled in the axils of the

leaves.

44. D. reniforme, DC. Prodr. ii. 327; leaves 1-foliolate, leaflet broader
than long, calyx-teeth and pedicels short.
Wall. Cat. 5702
W. A. Prodr.
230 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67. Hedysarum reniforine, Linn. Sp. 1051
Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 52, fig. 1.
;

East Himalayas, Lobb

Western Peninsula,

Wight.

Prome, Ava on the Banks of the Irrawaddi, Wallich

Distrib.

Java.

Stem 1 ft. or more

Leaflet rigidly subcoriaceous,
half as broad again as long., -f in. long, truncate or emarginate, glabrous stipules
^
deciduous;
petiole
in.,
jointed
minute,
at
the
linear,
apex. Racemes mostly terminal, laxly 10-20-flowered and a few flowers, solitary in the axils of the leaves;
bracts linear, minute pedicels ^ in., finally cernuous.
Calyx under
in., turbinate,
Pod glabrous, -f in. by in. joints 3-5, longer than broad upper suture
glabrous.
straight, lower little indented.
long, very slender, glabrous.

45. B. heterophyllum, DC. Prodr. ii. 334 ; leaves 3-foliolate, calyxteeth and pedicels elongated.
Wall. Cat. 5701, A, B, D.
D'. triflorum a.
majus, W. # A. Prodr. 229 ; Wight Ic. t. 291. D. triflorum, Wall. Cat. 5734,
F, ex parte. D. cftspitosura, DC. Prodr. ii. 333. Hedysariun heterophvllum,
II. reptans, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 354.
Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 0201.
Dicerma repens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5740.

East Himalayas, tropical zone; KhAsia and Assam and along the gulf to Penaxg
and Malacca. Plains of Peninsula and Ceylon. Distrib. Malay isles, China, Philippines, Mascarene isles.
Stems 1-2
pides ^

in.,

ft. long, copiously branched, clothed with dense spreading hairs.

Stilanceolate-acuminate, persistent- petiole -$ in., pubescent; leaflets

174

leguminosje".

l.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Desmodium.

Flowers solitary or geminate

in. long, hairy beneath.
in leaf-axils and up to 6 in copious lax racemes
bracts rather large, lanceolate, deciduous pedicels i-f in.
Calyx ^ in., densely hairy teeth very long, setaceous.
Pod -3 in., long, ^- in. broad, glabrescent ; joints 4-5, as broad as long ; upper
suture straight, lower considerably indented.

oblong or obovate-oblong, ^-1

"

*** Flowers

all in

lax ?-acemes.

Itottleri, Baker, non G. Don-, stipules much shorter than the

petiole, calvx-teeth short, joints 1-2, constriction between them very deep.
D. pf aemorsum, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5703 ? Eleiotis Rottleri,
$ A. Prodr.
231. Iledysarum orbiculatum, Rottler MSS. Oxydium species, Bennett PL
Stylosanth.es facie oxalidea, Wall. Cat. 5974.
Jav. Par. 156.
46. Z>.

Plains of Mysore, Bottler Prome, Wallich.

Stems 1 ft. or more long, copiously branched, finely downy at first. Stipules linearleaflets 3, obovate, f- in. long and broad, trunpetiole i-f in.
setaceous, minute
Racemes copious, axillary
cate or emarginate, with a few adpressed hairs beneath.
and terminal, long-peduncled, laxly 6-8-flowered bracts boat-shaped, hiding the buds ;
teeth subdeltoid,
in., campanulate
joints \ in. long,
Calyx
pedicels \-g- in.
twice as long as broad, the constriction from below reaching nearly to the straight
;

upper suture.
stipules as long as the petiole,
47. >. parvifolium, DC. Prodr. ii. 334
calyx-teeth long setaceous, joints 3-4 with shallow constrictions between them.
Wall. Cat. 5700
W. # A. Prodr. 229. D. scoparium, Wall. Cat. 5699. D.
microphyllum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 239, an
D. stipulaceum, Hassle. PI.
Jav. Par. 361. Iledysarum tenellimi, Don Prodr. 243, non Kunth.
;

; ^

DC?

Everywhere in the plains, from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Ava, ascending to
the temperate region, reaching 7000 ft. in Kumaon. Distrib. Malay isles, China,
Japan.
Ste?ns densely csespitose and branched, wide-trailing, at first pubescent.
Stipules
in., linear-setaceous, persistent leaflets oblong or obovate, pubescent below, often
not more than J in. long, sometimes f-| in. Racemes copious,' but usually terminal
on the short branches, laxly 6-10-flowered; bracts boat-shaped, deciduous; pedicels
^-i in., permanently ascending. Calyx i- in., densely pubescent. Pod \-\ in. by
-^ in., finely downy joints as broad as long both sutures distinctly indented.
Var. macrocarpum pod larger quite ^ in. broad, the sutures less indented, the
upper one nearly or quite straight. Assam and Khasia, Griffith, Hook. fil. $
Thomson.

Sttbgen. 8. Pleurolobium, DC. Erect undershrubs, with large leaves,

racemose flowers and indistinctly jointed pods dehiscing in a continuous line
along the ventral suture. An aberrant group, which perhaps should be considered a distinct genus.

Qihit

usually 4-6
Wight Ic. t. 294. Hedysarum gyrans,
Wall. Cat. 5725 W. $ A. Prodr. 227
Linn. ; Jacq. Ic. t. 562 Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 351.
Pseudarthria "gyrans, Hassk.
Codariocalyx gyrans, Hassle, in Walp. Rep. ii. 891.
PI. Jav. Rar. 391.
;

All along the Himalayas from Hazara to Assam, ascending to 7000 ft. Western
Peninsula, Ceylon, Ava, Pegu, Tenass*Rim. Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.
An undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, with sdbterete glabrous branches. Petiole ^ in.;
leaflets 1-3, subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, obtuso, with a little inconside ones, if present, very small, moving by jerks.
spicuous pubescence beneath
Racemes axillary and terminal, the latter copiously panicled, at first short, the flowers


Desmodium.']

l.

leguminos^.

(J. Gr.

;
;;

Baker.)

hidden by the large ovate deciduous bracts, finally 3-6

175

long

; pedicels \ in., patent,

Calyx
in., campanulate ; teeth deltoid, shorter than the tube.
downy.
Corolla \ in. Pod l-l in. long, - in. broad, falcate, 6-10-jointed, straight along
the upper, slightly indented along the lower suture.
Var. Roylei; end-leaflet 3-4 in. long twice as long as broad, corolla rather
larger.
D. Eoylei, W. A. Prodr. 227-

finely

in.

^49Vp. ffyroidesj DC.j Prodr. ii. 326 branches woody, end leaflet 2-3
times as lonr as broad, pod loosely but copiously pubescent.
Wall. Cat. 5728
W. 8f A. Prodr. 227. D. pseudogyroides, Miq. Flor. Lncl Bat. i. 244. Hedysarum gyroides, Roxb. Hart. Beng. 57. Oodariocalyx gyroides, Hassh. in Flora,
1842, biebl. ii. 49. 0. conicus, Hassk. in Walp. Rep. i. 744. Pseudarthria polycarpa, Hassh. PI. Jav. Rar. 393 (excl. syn,).
;

Central and East Himalayas,

Upper Bengal, Pegu, Ceylon.

tropical region

Distrib.

Malay

Gurwhal to Khasia and Cachar

isles.

Closely allied to. the last, but decidedly shrubby, reaching 8-10 ft. in height.
Leaves obtuse, oblong or obovate-oblong. thinly or densely pubescent beneath ; side ones
Racemes shorter and the terminal ones not so copiously panicled
often suppressed.
bracts under \ in. long, narrowed suddenly at the point. Corolla in., both standard
and keel broader. Pod similar, except in vestiture.

51.

ABRUS, Linn.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves with numerous deciduous leaflets. Flotoers small,

in dense racemes on axillary peduncles or short branches.
Calyx campanulate,
Corolla much exserted standard ovate, acute, adhering
equal teeth very short.
below to the staniinal tube wings narrow keel arcuate. Stamens 9, unj
a tube slit above, the tenth absent anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile,
ovuled ; style short, incurved, beardless, stigma Capitate. Pod oblong or linearoblong, flat or turgid, moderately firm, thinly septate. Distrib. Species 5
cosmopolitan in the tropics.
;

1. A.
precatorius, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 381; branches and leaves
beneath glabrous or thinly silky, leaflets ligulate-oblong, pod oblong turgid 3-5seeded.
Roxb. Fl. Ind.' ni. 258; Wall. Cat. 5818; W. # A. Prodr. 236;
Dak. Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 70. A. minor and pauciflorus, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ix. 41%.Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 39.

Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, ascending to 3500 ft. Distrib. Cosmopolitan in

the tropics, often planted.
copiously-branched climber, with slender branches.
Leaves 2-3 in. long;
leaflets 20-40, membranous, deciduous, |f in. by - in.
Racemes many-flowered,
crowded, usually shorter than the leaves.
Calyx
in., thinly silky.
Corolla reddish or white, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod 1-1$ in. by f-4 in.
Seeds bright scarlet and
black, black, or whitish, or mixed black and white, as large as a pea.

branchlets and leaves beneath glab2. A. pulchellus, Wall. Cat. 5819

rous or thinly silky, leaflets ligulate-oblong, pod linear flat incurved 9-12A. lsevigatus, E. Meyer Harv. Fl. Cap. ii. 263.
Thicaites Enum. 91.
seeded.
A. melanospermus, Hassle, ; Miq. Fl. 2nd. Bat. i. 159. A. acutifolius, Blume
Miq. Fl. 2nd. Bat. i. 160.
;

Kumaon
Ceylon.

to

Chittagong,

Distrib. Malay

isles, Guinea, Natal, KalFraria.

General habit exactly of A. precatorius. Leaves 3-4 in. long

by J-f

leaflets

24-30, similar

Racemes more numerously flowered, on longer peduncles.

Calyx and corolla similar.
Pod incurved, 2-2 in. by in., with thinner
smooth valves.
in texture, f-lj in.

in.


176

l.

LEGUMIN0S5).

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

[Abnts.

A. fruticulosus,

Wall. Cat. 5820; branchlets and leaves densely

minute ligulate-linear, pod linear-oblong- flattish 4-6-seeded.
W.
A. Prodr. 236 Wight Ic. t. 33.
3.

silkv, leaflets

;;

Mysore and

the Carnatic, tropical region.

Branches more slender than in the two others. Leaves and leaflets much smaller,
the latter 20-50, ^- in. by ^^in., densely silky on both sides, or glabrescent above.
in. thinly silky; teeth distinct.
Racemes few-flowered, exceeding the leaves. Calyx
*
P,od 1-lf in. by f in. ; valves thin, at first densely silky.

Forests of

CICER,

52.

Linn.

herbs.
Leaves pinnate, rigid ; leaflets and stipules strongly veined,
Floivers solitary in the axils of the leaves.
Calyx-tube oblique
Corolla exserted ; standard broad, exceeding the
lanceolate, subequal.

Annual

deeply toothed.
teeth

wings and keel. Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, 2 or

many-ovuled style incurved beardless, stigma capitate. Pod sessile, oblong,
Distrib. Species 7, Mediterranean
turgid, narrowed into the persistent style.
and West and Central Asian, one widely cultivated.
;

l.C. arietinum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 354 ; leaflets close oblanceolate
or oblong, corolla scarcely half as long again as the calyx/ pubescence of pod
short and fine. JRoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 324; Wall. Cat. 5949; W. cy A. Prodr.
235 ; Wight Lc. t. 20 Pot. Mag. t. 2274 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 560.
;

Commonly cultivated in

the northern provinces and Nilghiris.

Distrib. Cultivated

and tropical countries.

^%fciscose much-branched annual. Leaves l-2]in., with usually a terminal leaflet
stipules small, with a few long teeth.
Peduncle ^~| in. Calyx \-^ in. teeth linear,
2-3 times the tube. Pod oblong, f-1 in.
in vario us temperate

2. C. soong-aricum, Steph.; DC. Prodr. ii. 354; leaflets lax obovatecuneate, corolla twice the calyx, pubescence of pod dense.
Jaub. Spach III.
PL Or. t. 43 B. O. microphyllum, Benth. in Royle III. 200. O. Jacquemontii,
Jaub. 8f Spach in Ann. Sc. Nat. ii. 18, 231 ; Boiss. FL Orient, ii. 563.

Western Himalayas, temperate and alpine region, alt. 9-15,000 ft. Piti, Lahul,
Ktjmaon, Tibet, &c. Distrib. Orient, Afghanistan, Songaria.
A very diffuse annual, with wiry finely pubescent or subglabrous stems. Leaves
3-4 in. long, ending in a spiral tendril; leaflets in 10-12 pairs, growing gradually
smaller upwards, subcoriaceous, strongly veined; stipules -J in., deeply sharply palCalyx very gibbous, f- in.
Pedicels 1| in., with a large bract at the curve.
matifid.
teeth lanceolate, 2-3 times the tube. Pod linear-oblong, 1 in. long.

53.

VZCXA,

Linn.

Leaves equally pinnate, ending in twisted

herbs.
Floivers subsessile, or in peduncled racemes in the axils of the leaves.
Corolla more
Calyx-tube campanulate, often oblique ; teeth long, often unequal.
Stamens diaor less exserted ; standard broad ; keel shorter than the wings.
Ovary
delphous, the mouth of the sheath very oblique ; anthers uniform.
nearly sessile, 2- or many-ovuled ; style short, filiform or slightly flattened,

Annual or perennial

tendrils.

stigma capitate. Pod flattish, continuous within.

principally through the north temperate zone.

Subgen.

1.

Errum,

peduncled Tacemes, rarely

Linn, ex parte.

solitary.

Disteib. Species 180, spread

Annuals, with flowers in sparse

downy all round near the tip.

Style finely


Vicia.'}
1.

leguminos^.

l.

G. Baker.)

(J.

V. tetrasperma, Moench

Meth. 148

1-2-flowered, pods glabrous 3-4-seeded.

tetraspermmn, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 367.

177

stems glabrous, peduncles

Boiss. Fl.

Orient,

Ervum

596.

ii.

region, rare ; Kumaon, &c.

Thomson, EdgeDistrib. Europe, Orient, &c.
,
Stems very slender, copiously branched. Leaves about 1 in. long leaflets 3-4 pairs,
obtuse or acute, i-| in. long. Flowers on copious axillary peduncles about as long as
Calyx
Pod linear-oblong,
the leaves.
in.
Corolla lilac, distinctly exserted.

North-west Himalayas, temperate

worth, &c.

\ in.
2. V. hirsuta, Koch Synops. 191 stems pubescent, peduncles 3-6-flowered,
pods hairy 2-seeded. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 595. Ervum hirsutum, Linn. W.8c A.
Prodr. 2H5 Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 323. E. filiforme, Roxb. in Wall. Cat. 5955.
E. Lens, Wall. Cat. 5954 0.
;

j,

North-west Provinces, from the Punjab to Nipal, in the tropical and temperate
region, frequent in cultivated grounds, ascending to 6000 ft. ; Nilghiris.
Distrib.
Europe, Orient, &c.

Stems rather stronger than in the last. Leaves longer, ending in an intricate tenleaflets 5-8 pairs, ~-l in., truncate.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Corolla
smaller, scarcely exserted from the calyx.
Pod ^-| in. long, oblique, more turgid,

dril

finally black.

Stjbgen. 2. Cracca. Perennials with numerous flowers in peduncled

racemes. Style finely downy all round near the tip.

V. tenera,

Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5928 ; leaflets 12-16 distant narrow

racemes laxly many-flowered as long as their peduncles, lower calyx
teeth linear-subulate, corolla small pale. Benth. in Boyle III. 200.
3.

ligulate,

Western Himalayas

Simla, G-tjrwhal, Kumaon, alt. 3-8000 ft. ; Silhet, Wallich.

Leaves 2-3 in, long leaflets memstraggling subglabrous climber.
~-
branous, f-1 in. by
in. broad, acute, finely silky beneath
stipules small, deeply
Calyx
in., subglabrous
toothed.
Racemes 6-20-flowered, 1-2 in. long.
teeth
oblique,
unequal,
Corolla
in.
Pod
linear,
glabrous, rostrate,
very
upper deltoid.

in.
long,
6-8-seeded.
\\
;

A slender

4.

V. tenuifolia,

Roth; DC. Prodr.

ii.

358;

leaflets

20-24 narrow

ligulate distant, racemes 20-40-flowered elongated long-peduncled, lower calyxteeth lanceolate, corolla middle-sized deep blue. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 586.
V.

Oracca, Benth. in Royle

III.

200, not Linn.

North-west Himalayas, temperate region

Chenab

valley,

6-8000

ft.,

Thomson.

West

Tibet, Falconer. Distrib. Europe.

subglabrous climber, a yard or more high. Leaves 4-6 in. long leaflets acute,
membranous, silky beneath, l^-lf in. long stipules linear, with a single tooth. Racemes
copious, reaching, as do the peduncles, \ ft. long. Calyx subglabrous, in. teeth very
unequal, all shorter than the tube, upper deltoid. Corolla |-| in. Pod 1 in. long, with
a stalk as long as the calyx-tube.

5.

V. mollis,

few-flowered close

Benth. MSS. ; leaflets 16-20 close narrow ligulate, racemes

short-peduncled, lower calyx-teeth linear, corolla large

yellowish.

Valley of the Kishengunga, Winterbottom.

perennial, with the habit of V. septum, with stems clothed with fine
spreading hairs. Leaves l|-2 in. long leaflets - in. long, obtuse, clothed on both
surface with adpressed, silky hairs
Racemes from the
stipules broad, subentire.
upper axils only, secund, an inch long. Calyx in., densely silky ; teeth all linear,
lower as long as the tube, upper shorter. Cordla nearly 1 in. long.
VOL. II.
F

A suberect


178

L.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

\Vicia.

6. V. pallida, Turcz. ; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 673; leaflets 16-24 distant

linear-oblong membranous, racemes long-pedunclecl laxly many-flowered, lower
V. sylvatica,
calyx-teeth deltoid-cuspidate, corolla pale lilac middle-sized.
Benth. in Royle III. 200, not Linn.

West Himalayas,

temperate region

Kashmir

to

Kumaon, 4-9000

Distrib.

ft.

Siberia.

Leaves 2-4 in,

tall straggling glabrous climber, with the habit of V. sylvatica.
long, ending in tendrils; leaflets obtuse, |-f in., the upper growing gradually
Racemes 12-20-flowered, onV
shorter; stipules small, narrow, deeply toothed.
Calyx in., glabrous, membranous; all the teeth much
peduncles 1-4 in. long.
Corolla \ in.
Pod 1-1| in. long, flat, glabrous, oblique, disshorter than the tube.
tinctly-stalked, 5-6-seeded.
leaflets 12-16 distant linear-oblong membran7. V. G-riffithii, Baker
ous, racemes peduncled laxly 2-4-flowered, lower calyx-teeth lanceolate, corolla
lilac middle-sized.
;

Punjab, at Eawul Pindee and Futteyjung, Dr. Aitchison.

Distrib.

Afghanistan,

Griffith, 1114.

straggling annual, 1-2 ft. high, with slender stems, finely silky at first, soon
glabrescent.
Leaves about 2 inches long; leaflets obtuse, scattered, - in. broad, obscurely silky ; stipules deltoid, deeply palmately laciniated.
Racemes about as long
as the leaves.
Calyx in. long, rather silky, the lower teeth half as long as the tube,
Corolla more than in. Pod above 1 in. long, oblong, flat, glathe upper deltoid.
brous, veined, 5-6-seeded.
leaflets 10-12 subdistant oblong venose,
8. V. rig-idula, Royls III. 200
racemes 6-20-flowered close long-peduncled, calyx-teeth all very short, corolla
Lathyrus himalensis, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. i. 44, t. 53.
large reddish.
V. dumetorum, Benth. in Royle III. 200 ?
;

West Himalayas, temperate region Kashmir

subglabrous or finely downy climber, 2-3 ft.

to Kumaon, 7-9000 ft.

high.
Leaves 2-3 in. long, ending
in intricate tendrils leaflets obtuse, f -1 in. long, firmer in texture than in the others,
finely silky beneath, with veins raised like those of a Tephrosia
stipules small, halfPeduncles 2-3 in. long.
Calyx -| in., glabrous pedicels
hastate, deeply-toothed.
Corolla 3-4 times the length of the calyx. Pod
longer than in the others, fully in.
linear, glabrous, on a stalk nearly as long as the calyx, 5-6-seeded.
;

Subgen.

8.

Suvicia.

Annuals or perennials, with the

bearded on the lower side at the

style conspicuously

tip.

9. V. sativa, Linn; DC. Prodr. ii. 360; annual, leaflets multijugate of

upper leaves ligulate, flowers solitary or geminate not racemed. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
Wall. Cat. 5957 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 574.
iii. 323
;

North-west Provinces, ascending from the

Kumaon, probably always cultivated.

plains of

Bengal

to

7500

ft.

in

Stents slender, suberect, glabrous or obscurely downy.

Leaflets 8-12, of upper
leaves f-1 in. long, of lower shorter, broader ; stipules small, obliquely lanceolate,
in.
teeth
Calyx
lanceolate-subulate.
;
Corolla red-blue, twice the
deeply toothed.

Pod glabrescent, li 2 in. long, 8-10-seeded.

calyx.

Var. angustifolia, Roth (Sp.), dwarfer, diffuse, leaflets shorter of lower leaves
deeply emarginate at apex, flowers and pod smaller. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 574. V.
Bobartii, Forst. in Linn. Trans, xvi. 442. V. pallida, Jacquem. MSS. (a yellow flowered
form). Plains of the north-west, a native. Distrib. Europe, Orient.

DC. Prodr. ii. 362 annual, leaflets multiju10. V. peregrina, Linn.

gate ligulate, flowers solitary. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 576.
;

leguminosje.

l.

Vicia.']

Baker.)

(J. G.

179

Distrib. Europe, Orient.

Stems slender, glabrous, diffuse. Leaflets 10-12, alternate or opposite, -1 in. long
Flowers solitary, on short pedicels in the
stipules minute, bifid, with linear divisions.
Calyx \ in. teeth lanceolate, the upper shorter, curved upwards.
axils of the leaves.

Plains of Punjab, Aitchison.

Corolla purplish-red, twice the calyx.

recurved, l-\\ in. long, 5-6-seeded.

Pod

linear-oblong, deflexed, glabrescent, rather

perennial, leaflets multijugate

11. V. sepium, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 364
oblong, racemes subsessile 2-6-flowered. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 568.
;

Kashmir, temperate region. Distrib. Europe, Orient, Siberia.

Stipules small, deeply toothed leaflets
Stems finely downy, suberect, 1-2 ft.
10-12, membranous, truncate, ^1 in. long. Racemes very close, secund, confined to
Calyx g- in., glabrous or downy teeth deltoid-cuspithe axils of the uper leaves.
;

Corolla reddish, twice the calyx.

date, much shorter than the tube.
long, oblique, rostrate, glabrous, 1 in. long, 6-10 -seeded.

Pod

linear-ob-

12. V. narbonensis, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 364; leaflets large of lowest
Boiss. FL
leaves 2 of upper 4-6 obovate, racemes subsessile 2-6-flowered.
Orient, ii. 568.

Punjab, near Peshawur, Vicary, perhaps introduced. Distrib. S. Europe, Orient,

probably the original of the cultivated Bean.
A stout suberect annual, 1-1 j foot high, glabrous or finely downy. Stipules large,
Calyx in. lower teeth,
deeply toothed leaflets 1-2 in. long, entire in our plant.
Corolla purple, more than twice the calyx.
lanceolate, as long as tube upper deltoid.
Pod 1^-2 in. long, downy, 6-7-seeded.
:

ErvumLens, Linn. Wall. Cat. 5954 (Cicer Lens, Willd.; Eoxb. El. Ind. iii. 324)
Wall. Cat. 5951,
the common Lentil, and Vicia Faba, Linn. Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 323
the Bean, are commonly cultivated, especially in the North-West Provinces.
Vicia benghalensis, Linn, seems to be the Mediterranean V. atropurpurea, Desf.,
and to have no claim to be regarded as an Indian plant.
;

54.

LATHYRUS, Linn.

Annual

or perennial herbs, with equally pinnate leaves, ending in tendril or

Calyx-tube campanulate, oblique ; teeth
Floivers racemed or solitary.
long or upper short. Corolla more or less exserted ; standard broad ; keel shorter
than the wings. Stamens diadelphous, the mouth of the tube not oblique ; anthers uniform.
Ovary subsessile or stalked, many-ovuled
style flattened,
Pod terete or flattish, continuous
"bearded on the inner side, stigma capitate.
within.
Distrib. Species described 170, spread principally through all the north

"bristle.

temperate zone.

Subgex.

1.

Eulathyrus.

Petiole terminated

Aphaca,

by a long

tendril.

Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 372

annual, leaflets abortive,
flowers 1-2 on a long peduncle.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 322
Wall. Cat. 5952
Benth. in Boyle III. 200 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 602.
1.

Zi.

Spread through the northern provinces, ascending from the plains of Bengal to the
temperate zone in Hazara, Kashmir and Kumaon. Distrib. Europe, Orient, Abyssinia.
Stems slender, wingless, much branched. Stipules in pairs adpressed to the stem,
Calyx jiu. teeth
leaf-like, entire, truncate, hastate. Peduncle 2-3 times the stipule.
equal, lanceolate, exceeding the tube.
Pod linearCorolla yellow, twice the calyx.
oblong, wingless, 4-6-seeded.

2.

Xi.

sativus, Linn,; DC.

Prodr.

ii.

373; annual, stems winged, leaflets

n2


180
2

L.

leguminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Lathyrus.

linear or lanceolate, flowers solitary, pods oblong winged on the back. Roxb.
Wall. Cat. 5953 ; Benth. in Royle III. 200 j Boiss. Fl. Orient.
iii. 321 ;

Fl. Ind.
ii. 60G.

Spread through the northern provinces, ascending from the plains of Bengal to
4000 ft. in Kumaon. Often cultivated. Distrib. Europe, Orient, Trop. Africa.
Stipules broad, entire petiole winged
leaflets | ^ in.
Glabrous, much branched.
Calyx | in. teeth lanceolate,
broad. Peduncle rather longer than the petiole.
Pod 1 in., long, glab-\
Corolla f in., red, bluish or white.
subequal, twice the tube.
rous, 4-5-seeded, the dorsal suture with a narrow spreading wing on each side.
The allied L. tingitanus, Linn., also much cultivated, with oblong leaflets and a
linear many-seeded pod, is included in the set of Nilghiri plants distributed by Hohenacker, but has no claim to be considered a native.
;

L. sphsericus,

3.

leaflets

DC.

ii. 372
annual, stems wingless,
pods linear wingless many-seeded.
L. angulatus, Benth. in Royle III. 200.

Retz.

2 narrow-linear, flowers

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

ii.

613.

Prodr.

solitary,

North-West Provinces, ascending from Bundelkund and the Puncab

Kumaon.

Distrib.

to

5500

ft.

in-

Europe, Orient, Abyssinia.

Stems glabrous, very slender, very copiously branched. Stipules linear, caudate ;
winged
leaflets very narrow, reaching 3 in. long.
Peduncle shorter
petiole 5 in.,
than or a little exceeding the petiole, with a conspicuous linear bracteole.
Calyx
under in. teeth equal, as long as the tube. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx. Pod
2 in. long, 10-12-seeded.
;

Zi.

4.

pratensis, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 370 perennial, leaflets 2 lanceomany in long-peduncled racemes, calyx-teeth subequal. Benth. in
;

late, flowers

Royle

III.

200; Boiss.

Fl

Orient,

615.

ii.

West Himalayas,

temperate zone, alt. 6-8000 ft. Kashmir, Gurwhal, Simla.

Distrib. Europe, Orient, Abyssinia.
Stems slender, wingless, very diffuse. Stipules large, lanceolate -caudate petiole
Peduncles often much exceeding the leaves.
distinct, angular.
Calyx ^ in. teeth
Corolla yellow, 3 times the calyx.
all linear, as long as the calyx.
Pod linear. L.
cashmericus, Royle MSS., is a form with pubescent stems and calyx.
;

5. Za. altaicus, Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 355 ; perennial, leaflets 6-8 oblong,
(
flowers few in long-peduncled racemes, calyx-teeth very unequal. Led. Ic. PI.
53.
L. ovatus, Royle III. 200.
Ross. t.

West Himalayas, temperate region Baltal and Chenab valley, 6-8000 ft., Royle,
Thomson, Jacquemont. Distrib. Siberia.
A suberect glabrous perennial, ^-1 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. long; leaflets glaucous,
membranous, venose, i-f in. broad- stipules lanceolate-caudate slightly toothed.
Racemes secund, laxly 3-6-flowered peduncles 2-4 in. long. Calyx in. lower teethupper deltoid. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx.
linear, nearly as long as the tube

Stibge:n". 2.

Orobus,

Linn.

inconspicuus,

Petiole terminated

by a mere

bristle.

Prodr. ii. 372 annual, leaflets 1-2

narrow linear, flowers solitary subsessile in the axils of the leaves. L. erectus,
Lag. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 613.
6. Xi.

Linn.

DC.

Kashmir, 4-5000 ft., lliomson, Falconer. Scinde, Stocks.

Habit of L. sphcericus, with which it coincides in stem, leaflets, pod and stipules.
Petiole very short, not winged leaflets 1-li in. long.
Calyx in. teeth subequal,
;

lanceolate-subulate, as long as the tube.

7.

Xi.

racemes.

luteus, Baker

Corolla lilac, twice the calyx.

perennial, leaflets

Orobus luteus, Linn.

DC.

Prodr.

6-8 oblong, flowers in peduncled

378. O. lrevigatus, W. $ K. PL.

ii.

Lathy rus.~\

L.

leguminosje.

Baker.)

(J. G.

Hunt/, t. 243. 0. orientalis, Boiss. Diag. ix. 106.

O. aureus, Stev. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 621.

181

0. Emodi, Wall. Cat. 5048.

"West Himalayas, tropical and temperate zone, ascending from the salt range in
the Punjab to 8500 ft. in Kumaon and 10,000 ft. in Khagax. Distrib. Europe,
Orient, Altai, Songaria.
Stems suberect, glabrous, 2-3 ft. high. Stipules large, leafy leaflets membranous,
Racemes 6-1 2 -flowered, equalling or exceeding the leaves. Calyx
acute, 2-4 in. long.
f- in. lower teeth lanceolate, upper deltoid. Corolla bright yellow, twice the calyx.
Pod linear, beaked, 2-3 in. long.

The genus Pistjm is principally distinguished from Lathyrus by its thick laterally
compressed style. The two subspecies of the common cultivated Pea are both often
cultivated in the northern provinces; P. sativum, Linn.; Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 321 ;
Wall. Cat. 5950, with round seeds of uniform colour and 4-6 leaflets; and P. arvense,
Linn., with compressed marbled seeds and 2-4 leaflets. Koyle considers the latter a
true native.
55.

AMPHICAEP^il, Elliott.

Wide-twining herbs, with. 3-foliolate stipellate leaves and persistent striated

Flowers with a strong tendency to dimorphism, those that
stipules and bracts.
Calyx-tube
bear the fully developed pods being, as in Viola, without petals.
Corolla much exserted; petals equal in
long, equal, teeth distinct, unequal.
length; standard and wings with a distinct spur on each side of the claw.
Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary obscurely stalked, niany-ovuled ;

Pod flat, linear-oblong.

style filiform, inflexed, beardless, stigma capitate.
Distrib. Species 3, or 3 varieties of one, from the United States, Japan, and
Himalayas, one in each country.
1.

A. Edgeworthii,

Benth.

PL

Jungh. 231.

Simla, 5-6000 ft., Edgeworth, Thomson.

Stipules and bracts oblong or lanStems very slender, thinly shortly pubescent.
end
ceolate, subobtuse or subacute, in. long ; leaflets membranous, obscurely hairy
one broad ovate acute, side ones oblique. Flowers usually solitary or in pairs, but
Calyx ^ in. teeth lanceolate-subulate, much
casually racemed ; pedicels very short.
Corolla % in., reddish. Perfect pod 1 in. long, linear, reshorter than the tube.
curved, 2-3-seeded. Very near the Japanese species (Shuteria trisperma, Miq. Ann.
Mus. Lug. Bat. iii. 51) and the well-known American A. monoica, both of which have
obovate bracts and copiously racemed flowers.

West Himalayas,

temperate zone

56.

SHUTERIA,

W. &

A.

Climbers, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, persistent bracts and bracteoles,

and niiddle-s&ed racemose uniform flowers. Calyx-tube gibbous teeth distinct,
Corolla exserted ; exauriculate standard rather exceedshorter than the tube.
ing the keel and distinctly spurred wings. Sta?nens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, niany-ovuled ; style incurved, filiform, beardless, stigma
Pod flat, linear, recurved. Distrib. One additional species, Trop.
capitate.
;

African.

S. vestita, W.

8f A. Prodr. 207; stems densely hairy, racemes dense

many-flowered, bracts and bracteoles conspicuous lanceolate, leaflets obovate-oblong or roundish obtuse. Benth. PL Jungh. 232 ; Wight Ic. 1. 165 Dalz.
% Gibs. Bomb. FL 68. Glycine vestita, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5512. G. involucrata, Wall. Cat. 5506 A, ex paHe.

1.

sessile

East Himalayas Khasia, Sikkim, Bhotan and Mishmi, ascending

Westebn Peninsula and Ceylon, ascending to 7000 ft.
;

Hills of

to

5000

ft.

182

L.

LEGUM1N0S2E.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[ShutQria*

Stems slender, woody, glabrescent. Stipules lanceolate, rigid, under \ in. petiole 1-3 in., hairy or glabrous ; leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, obscurely
hairy on both sides or glabrescent, the end one 1-2 in. long. Racemes copious, close,
1-4 in.long, sometimes 2-3 from same node lower flowers often geminate ; bracts rigid,,
;

about as long as the densely hairy pedicels. Calyx in., densely hairy teeth shorter
than tube, upper lanceolate-cuspidate. Corolla reddish, twice the calyx. Pod 1-1 in_
;

long, linear, hairy, recurved, 5-6-seeded.

Var. 1. glabrata calyx and leaves nearly or quite glabrescent. S. glabrata, W. $
A. Prodr. 207. Khasia, Simons. Nilghiris, Wight.
Var. 2. involucrata racemes laxer, their lower nodes bracteated by 2-3 reduced
roundish leaflets -^ in. long, leaflets obovate -oblong, calyx silky. S. involucrata,
W. $ A. Prodr. 207 Benth. PL Jungh. 232. Glycine involucrata, Wall. PL As. Bar.
Kumaon, Gurwhal, Nipal.
Wall. Cat. 5506, ex parte.
iii. 22, t. 241
Var. 3. densiflora racemes very dense, the flowers often several from the same
node, bracts and bracteoles rather larger, calyx pod and oblong subcoriaceous leafGlycine involucrata, Wall. Cat.,
lets glabrous.
S. densiflora, Benth. PL Jungh. 232.
5506, ex _parte. Gurwhal, Kumaon and Nipal, ascending to 7000 ft.

2. S. hirsuta, Baker; stems densely hairy, racemes peduncled manyflowered, bracts and bracteoles long linear-setaceous, leaflets ovate cuspidate.
ft., Hook. fil. $ Thomson.
Stems firm, slender, densely clothed with conspicuous deflexed hairs. Stipules
\-^ in. leaflets membranous, with a thin coating of adpressed hairs on both sides,
subconcolorous end one 2-4 in. long, Flowers in lax racemes, 2-3 in. long, on
densely hairy peduncles as long as themselves, geminate at the nodes bracts \-% in.
Calyx - in., thinly hairy teeth shorter than tube, upper deltoid, lower linear.
Corolla purple, twice the calyx. Pod recurved, densely hairy, many-seeded.

Khasia and Sikkim, 3-5000

;

3. S-? ferrug'inea, Baker ; stems densely hairy, racemes peduncled manyflowered, bracts and bracteoles lanceolate conspicuous, leaflets ovate-cuspidate.
Amphicarpsea ferruginea, Benth. PL Jungh. 231. Glycine ferruginea, Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5514. G. cylindriflora, Wall. Cat. 5516.

Nipal, Wallich.

Stems slender, woody. Stipules and bracts less persistent than in the other speleaflets membranous, green, with inconspicuous adpressed hairs
petiole 2-3 in.
above, glaucous-grey with dense hairs below, ferruginous on the nerves
end ono
2-3 in. long. Flowers 6-12 together, in short-peduncled racemes. Calyx under \ in.,
subglabrous upper teeth deltoid, lower lanceolate.
Corolla - in., reddish.
Recedes to Glycine by its subcaducous bracts and bracteoles.

cies

4. S. suffulta, Benth. PL Jungh. 232 ; stems glabrous, racemes very lax

few-flowered, bracts and bracteoles linear very minute, leaflets obtuse roundish.
Glycine suffultu, Wall. Cat. 5507.

Prome

and Taong Dong, Wallich. Tenasserim, Heifer.

Stipules linear, in.; leaflets membranous, subglabrous, glaucous-grey beneath, the end one f -1 in. long. Bacemes nearly sessile, 1-2 in.
long, 6-10-flowered, the lower nodes bracteated by reduced leaves as in S. vestita, var
in. long
involucrata bracts rigid, not more than
pedicels distant, solitary, very
short.
Calyx in., with a few adpressed hairs teeth all short, lowest lanceolate.
Pod 1^ in. long, glabrous, recurved, 6-8-seeded.
Corolla in., reddish.

Birma

hills

Stems firm, very slender.'

&

57.

Leaves 3-foliolate, with stipellate leaflets. Flowers middleCalyx-tube cylindrical, very gibbous, with a very oblique subCorolla exserted ; petals equal in length ; standard spurred on

Climbing herbs.
sized, racemose.

truncate mouth.

DUMASXA, DO.

Dumasia."]

l.

leguminos2E.

(J.

G. Baker.)

183

both sides of the hase of the limb wings and keel adherent, with small blades
and very long claws. Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary linear, substyle long, flattened above its curve, stignia capitate.
stipitate, few-ovule d
;

Pod

linear, falcate, torulose.

1.

Distkib. One other species, in Japan.

D. villosa, DC. Mem.

Leg. 257, t. 44; Prodr. ii. 241; leaves and

the latter ovate, corolla twice as long as the calyx.
D. pubescens, DC. loc. cit. t. 45. D. congesta, Grah. in Wall.
A. Prodr. 206 ; Wight Ic. t. 445.

leaflets distinctly petioled,

Wall. Cat. 5523.

Cat.

5524; W.

8f

Himalayas, from Simla and Rumaon to Sikkim and Khasia, ascending to

6-7000 ft. Hills of Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Distbib. Java, Madagascar,

Natal.

Stems slender, densely clothed with grey or ferruginous hairs. Petiole 1-2 in.
stipules minute, setaceous ; leaflets membranous, obtuse, green, with a few obscure
hairs above, grey, densely pubescent beneath ; end one 2-3 in. long.
Racemes 2-6 in.
long, lax or close, 12-40 -flowered, rarely (D. congesta, Grah.) close, subsessile; bracts
and bracteoles minute, setaceous. Calyx ^ in., with a few adpressed hairs. Corolla
Pod 1^ in. long, velvety, 3-4-seeded.
2~*
-> yellow or purplish.
Vae. leiocarpa, Benth. PI. Jungh. 231, sp. ; pod and leaflets subglabrous. Sikkim,

Khasia, Ceylon.
2. 3>. cordifolia, Benth. MSS.
leaves and leaflets subsessile, the latter
rotundato-cordate, corolla half as long again as the calyx.
;

Khasia, 5000 ft., HooJc. fil. $ Thomson.

Stems very slender, at first finely downy. Stipules linear, very minute leaflets
membranous, glabrous, 4-1 in. long, firm, pale green. Flowers 6-10, in a close
raceme, on a glabrous peduncle l-2jin. long bracts and bracteoles linear, very miCalyx glabrous, membranous, -3- in. long. Corolla pale yellow.
nute.
;

GLYCINE,

58.

Linn.

Twining or suberect herbs. Leaves with 3-7 stipellate leaflets. Flowers in

Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth
axillary racemes, with ^minute narrow bracts.
distinct, long or short.
Corolla mostly little exserted ; petals about equal in
length ; standard not distinctly spurred. Stamens more or less completely monaOvary subsessile, many-ovuled style short, indelphous
anthers uniform.
Pod linear or linear-oblong, straight or
curved, beardless, stigma capitate.
recurved, flat or rather turgid, few-seeded. Disteib. Species about 12, spread
through tropics of old world, and especially Australia.
;

javanica, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 242 stems slender twining, leafracemes elongated many-flowered, calyx-teeth long setaceous, pod narrow
small.
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 266.
Soja Wightii and S. javanica,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5530 & 5528. Notonia Wightii, W. $ A. Prodr. 208.
Johnia Wightii, W. $ A. Prodr. 449.
1.

Cr.

lets 3,

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Disteib. Trop. Africa, Natal,
Java.
Stems wide-climbing, more or less clothed with grey or ferruginous silky hairs.
Petioles 1-3 in.
leaflets membranous, green, with a few adpressed hairs above, grey
and pubescent below end one ovate, acute, 2-4 in. long. Racemes short-peduncled,
dense or lax, 1-6 in. long pedicels very short bracteoles long, setaceous.
Calyx
-i in., densely silky teeth setaceous, plumose. Corolla reddish, little exserted. Pod
linear, straight, 1 in. by %-\ in., 4-5-seeded, clothed with adpressed hairs.
;

184

L.

;;

(J. G. Baker.)

LEQUMINOS53.

[Glycine.

Cr. pentaphylla, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iv. 344 ; stems slender twining,
6-7, racemes elongated many-flowered, calyx-teeth short, pod broad.
Benth. in Jaurn. Linn. Soc. viii. 266 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 68.
2.

leaflets

Khasia, 3-5000 ft., Hook. fil. $ Thomson, Lobb. Concan, Dalzell, Stocks.
Stems wide-climbing, with a few adpressod hairs. Petiole 1-2 in.; leaflets subcoriaceous, with a few adpressed hairs on both sides, green above, grey below, distant
end one oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-4 in. long. Racemes lax, usually short-peduncled,
Calyx
in.
reaching 6-8 in. long pedicels very short, fascicled.
teeth deltoid,
Corolla reddish, twice the calyx.
Pod glabrous, flat, rather
shorter than the tube.
recurved, l in. by in., 4-5-seeded.

Soja, Sieb. fy Zucc. Fain. Nat. Fl. Jap. 11 ; stems stout suberect,
racemes few-flowered congested sessile, calyx-teeth long setaceous, pods
broad. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 266. Soja hispida, Moeneh DC. Frodr.
ii. 396 ;
Wall. Cat. 5529 ; W. $ A. Frodr. 247. Dolichos Soja, Linn. Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 314. Soja angustifolia, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 223.
3.

Cr.

leaflets 3,

Himalayas, tropical region

Distrlb. East Asia.

Ktjmaon

to Sikkim,

Khasia and Ava,

often culti-

vated.

Stems suberect or climbing upwards, annual, densely clothed with fine ferruginous
Leaves long-petioled leaflets membranous, ovate, acute, rarely obtuse, 2-4 in.
long.
Calyx in., densely hairy. Corolla reddish, little exserted. Pods usually only
2-3 developed in the axil of each leaf, linear-oblong, recurved, densely pubescent,
l-2 in. by ^-f in., 3-4-seeded, subtorulose.
hairs.

59.

TERAXKNUS,

Sw.

Twining herbs, with exactly the habit of Glycine. Calyx-tube campanulate ;

teeth distinct, subequal or two upper not so long.
Corolla little exserted ; petals about equal in length ; standard not spurred.
Stamens monadelphous
alternate anthers small, abortive.
Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style short,
curved, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, hooked with the persistent style at
the tip, flattish, septate between the seeds. Distrib. Species 4, belting the world
in the tropics.
P.

laMaiis,

Spreng. Syst.

iii.

235

leaflets

small acute or subobtuse,

racemes usualh pedtmcled elongated, calyx-teeth as long as the tube. Benth.

Glvcine labialis, Linn. Roxb. PI. Ind. iii. 318
in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 265.
W.^f A. Frodr. 208; Wight le. t. 168; Dalz. $r Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 68.
Wall Cat. 5508 A-F. G. debilis and
G. parviflora, Lam. ; DC. Proclr. ii. 242
senegalensis, DC. Frodr. ii. 242.
G. pallens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5518. G.
warreensis, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 210
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 68. G.
tenerrinia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5520 ?
;

Plains from the foot of the West Himalayas to Ceylox, Biuma and Penaxg.
Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics, Natal.
Stei?is wide-climbing, slender, with a few fine adpressed hairs.
Stijndes minute,
petiole ^-1^- in.
lanceolate, deciduous
leaflets 3, membranous or subcoriaceous,
green, with a few adpressed hairs above, grey and more hairy below, the end one
ovate or oblong, 1-2 in. long. Racemes 1-4 in. long, usually lax, the pedicels fasciCalyx i- in. teeth lanceolate. Corolla reddish. Pod linear, glabrous, recled.
curved, l|-2 in. long, 8-12-seeded.
Vau. mollis stems and pods clothed with longer more spreading hairs, leaflets
subcoriaceous densely pubescent beneath, calyx-teeth shorter.
G. mollis, W. $ A.
Prodr. 209. Gr. parviflora, Wall. Cat. 5508, G. H. Teramnus mollis, Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. viii. 265. Distribution of the type.
;


Teramnus.']

L.

leguminos^s.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

185

2. T. flexilis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 265 ; leaflets large acute,
flowers in sessile congested racemes, calyx-teeth shorter than the tube. Glycine
flexilis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5521.

East Himalayas forests

More robust than the last,

of Assam, Sillet and Chittagong.

of which it may be a mere variety. Stems, petioles and
leaves nearly glabrous.
Racemes
Leaflets subcoriaceous, the end one 3-5 in. long.
Pods glabrous, 2^-3 in. long.
1 in. or less long.
Calyx-teeth, lanceolate-deltoid.
;

60.

MUCUNA, Adans.

Perennials and annuals of wide-twining habit.

Leaves ample, stipellate,
3-foliolate.
Flowers large, showy, usually dark purple, turning quite
Calyx-tube campanulate two upper teeth quite connate ;
black when dried.
Corolla much exserted ; standard not more
lowest longer than the middle ones.
than half as long as the rostrate keel, which usually a little exceeds the wings.
Stamens diadelphous anthers dimorphous, like those of the Genistece. Ovary
sessile, many-ovuled
style incurved, beardless, stigma capitate.
Pod very
variable in shape and sculpture, usually covered with brittle needle-like irritating
bristles.
Distrib. Species above 20, spread everywhere in the tropics.

always

Subge^.

1.

Ampbiptera. Pod broadly

the faces covered also by close oblique

1.

Jlort.

winged down both sutures and

plaits.

UK. imbricata, DC. Prodr. ii. 406. Carpopogon imoricatum, Roxb.

Beng. 54; M. monosperrna, Wall. Cat. 5623 0, ex parte.

East Himalayas, Silhet, Sixkim, Assam,

Griffith,

tropical region,

1-4000

Wallich

ft.,

Hook, fll.

A woody climber, with slender glabrescent branche's. Leaflets membranous, with a

few minute adpressed grey hairs below, glabrous above the end one oblong-cuspidate, 5-6 in. long.
Racemes few- flowered, lax, on drooping peduncles 2-12 in. long;
pedicels \-^ in. long
bracts large, roundish, soon deciduous.
Calyx f in. long, with
a few irritating bristles teeth all nearly as long as the tube. Corolla dull purple,
2-2^ in. long keel abruptly inflexed at the tip wings ^ in. broad standard half as
long as the keel, 1 in. broad. Pod oblong, 4-6 in. by 2 in., 2-4-seeded, clothed with
abundant deciduous, irritating bristles wings of sutures finally ^ in. broad.
M. acuminata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5621 from Pexang, may perhaps belong to
this group, but the fruit is unknown.
The calyx is like that of M. imbricata, but the
corolla is smaller and the racemes are short-peduncled and corymbose like those of
;

M.

monosperrna.

Subgex. 2. CJitta, Lour. Pod with the faces covered by

but not winged down the sutures.

close oblique

plaits,

2. UK. monosperrna, DC. Prod. ii. 406; leaflets with a little ferruginous down, racemes short-peduncled close, upper calyx-lip subtruncate, pod
one-seeded nearly as broad as long. Wall. Cat. 5623 A, B Wight in Hook. Bot.
Misc. ii. 346, Swppl. t. 12
W. $ A. Prod. 254 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 70.
Carpopogon monospermmn, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 54; Fl. Ind. iii. 283. M.
oristata, Ham. MSS. M. corymbosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5622.
M. anguina,
Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 19, t. 236.
Carpopogon anguineum, Roxb. Cat. Hort.
Beng. 54.
;

East Himalayas,

tropical zone

Khasia, Assam, Chittagong, Pegu

Tavoy,

Hills of West Peninsula and Ceylon, up to 3000 ft.

woody climber, with slender glabrescent branches. Leaflets membranous or
subcoriaceous, thinly clothed with ferruginous pubescence beneath the end one oblong-cuspidate, 4-6 in. long. Racemes 6-12-flowered, corymbose, short-peduncled, or

Gomez.

186

leguminosje.

l.

(J.

[Mucuna.

G. Baker.)

bracts none seen pedicels - in. bracteo'les linear, exceeding the bud.
with copious irritating bristles; lower tooth linear; side ones deltoid.
Corolla 1^ in. long; keel abruptly inflexed at the tip; wings \ in., standard -i in.
broad. Pod 3 in. long, obscurely stipitate, clothed with copious ferruginous or "dull
brown irritating bristles wings \-% in. deep.
subsessile

Calyx |

in.,

leaflets glabrous, racemes

3. IMC. atropurpurea, DC. Prodr. ii. 406
long-peduncled drooping elongated often forked, upper calyx-lip more than half
as long as the tube, pod two-seeded twice as long as broad, Wall. Cat. 5620
W. 8f A. Pi-odr. 254. Oarpopogon atropurpureuni, Roxb. Hort. Reng. 54 ; FL
Ind. iii. 287.
;

Plains of

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Malacca, Maingay.

woody

climber, with very slender glabrous branches.

Leaflets membranous,
subconcolorous, shiniDg on the upper surface, the end one oblong-cuspidate, 4-6 in.
long.
Racemes pendent, not corymbose ; bracts small, ovate, soon deciduous bracteoles oblong-spathulate, obtuse, \-^ in.
Calyx -1 in. long, deeply bilabiate, with a
few ferruginous irritating bristles. Corolla dark purple, 22^ in. long keel abruptly
turned up at the end wings ^ in., standard 1 in. broad. Pod sessile, 3 in. long, the
faces traversed with close oblique plaits, and furnished with abundant yellow-brown
irritating bristles.
;

Sttbge:n-. 3.

Carpopogron, Roxb. Pod broadly winged down both sutures,

but not plaited on the

faces.

M.

4.
gfigaratea, DC. Prodr. ii. 405; Wall. Cat. 5619; W. $ A.
Prodr. 2~)-i
Wight in Hook. Rot. Misc. ii. 351, Suppl. t. 14! Oarpopogon
giganteum, Roxb. Hort. Bcng. 54 ; FL Ind. iii. 286. Dolichos giganteus, WilkL
8p. PI. iii. 1041.Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 36.
;

Plains of the
pines, Polynesia.

Western Peninsula Andamans, Kurz.

;

Distrib.

Malaya, Philip-

woody climber, with slender glabrous branches. , Leaflets subcoriaceous, subconcolorous, glabrous
end one oblong-cuspidate, 5-6 in. long. Flowers 12-30 in longpeduncled drooping close racemes pedicels 1 in. long.
Calyx - in., with a few
irritating bristles; upper lip subtruncate.
Corolla yellow, 11| in. long; keel not
abruptly inflexed at the ena. Pod 3-6 in. by 2 in., flat on the faces, copiously clothed
with abundant deciduous yellow-brown irritating bristles, 2-6- seeded.
;

Stizolobium,

SirBGEisr. 4.

the faces or wings

5.

XIX.

down

Pod without

Pers.

either distinct plaits

on

the sutures.

macrocarpa,

Wall.

5618; woody, branches and leaves

pod very large sublignose glabrescent.

Cat.

glabrous, upper lip of calyx subtruncate,

Nepal and Silhet, Wallich. Khasia and Sikkim, 1-6000 ft.,

plentiful, Hooh.fll.

Thomson.
Branchlets slender, terete. Leaflets subcoriaceous, the undersurface with a few adpressed deciduous hairs end one ovate-cuspidate, 6-8 in. long. Racemes fascicled
from the old wood, short-peduncled, with a densely brown-velvety rachis, the lower
nodes sending out short branches pedicels - in., velvety, decurved ; bracteoles
Calyx nearly 1 in. long, with a few irritating bristles lower
-|-f in. obtuse, oblong.
Corolla 2^-3 in. long keel abruptly turned up at the
teeth as long as the tube.
standard 1^ in. broad. Pod 1-1 ft. by l^-l| in., 8-12-seeded,
tip; wings f #in.
distinctly torulose, finely velvety at first, slightly channelled down both sides of both
;

sutures.
6. IVE.

bracteata, DC.

Prodr.

and leaves below with a few adpressed

ii.

406; annual or

perennial, branches-

hairs, flowers purple in short-peduncled.


Mucuna.']

l.

leguminosjE.

G. Baker.)

(J.

187

racemes, bracts ovate extending to the peduncle, pod glabrescent at first covered
with short grey velvety tomentum without longitudinal furrows. Kurz in Jown.
Oarpopogon bracteatuni, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54.
Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 231.

Assam, Masters. Khasia, Griffith, Hook. fll.

Ava, Pegu and Martaban. Kurz.
Closely allied to M. pruriens, with which it quite agrees in calyx, corolla and
shape and texture of leaflets. Leaves grey, with only a few obscure adpressed hairs
below Eachis of the racemes densely grey-pubescent bracts broader and more persistent than in the rest of the group, those of the peduncle acuminate, \-\ in. long.
Rod 3-4 in. long, similar in texture to that of M. 'pruriens and similarly abruptly recurved at the end.

East Himalayas,

Thomson.

tropical zone
Chittagong, Roxburgh.

7. IK. hirsuta, W. fy A. Prodr. 254 ; annual, branches and leaves below

densely silky, flowers purple in long racemes, bracts small ovate or lanceolate,
pod ribbed longitudinally clothed with yellow-brown irritating bristles.

Western Peninsula.
Branches slender, densely clothed with short fine deflexed ferruginous or grey
hairs.
Leaflets ovate,-rhomboid, obtuse, with a cusp, membranous, thinly silky above,
densely grey-silky beneath, ferruginous on the veins, 4-6 in. long. Racemes shortCalyx and corolla as in M.
peduncled, %-% ft. long, with a densely silky rachis.
pruriens.
Pod 3-4 in. long, reflexed at the end, 5-6-seeded.
Plains of

8. IME. pruriens, DC. Prodr. ii. 405 ; annual, branches with a few adpressed hairs, leaves grey-silky beneath, flowers in elongated racemes, bracts small
lanceolate, pod ribbed longitudinally clothed with grey rarely ferruginous weak
Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, Suppl. t.
irritating bristles.
Wall. Cat. 5616
] 3.
Carpopogon pruriens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 283. Dolichos
pruriens, Linn. Sp. 1020. M. prurita, Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 348
W. $ A. Prodr.
255 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 70. M. utilis, Wall. ; Wight Ic t. 280.
;

From the Himalayas, in the plains, to Ceylon and Birma. Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics. Often cultivated, as are the two following.
An annual, with slender terete branches, glabrescent when mature. Leaflets
membranous, ovate-rhomboid, green, glabrescent above, lustrous with fine grey silky
pubescence beneath, -| ft. long. Racemes short-peduncred, drooping, ^-1 ft. long, the
axis finely grey-silky pedicels -4, in. Calyx in. long, with a few irritating bristles
upper lip and lanceolate teeth as long as the tube. Corolla purplish, 1-] 1^- in. long ;
wings I in. broad, rather shorter than the slightly incurved keel. Pod 2-3 in. long,
5-6-seeded, turgid, clothed with dense persistent bristles which are usually pale
brown or steel-grey. M. utilis, Wall, is a cultivated variety with a velvety pod.
variety occurs in Ceylon with short usually two-flowered peduncles. An allied
plant from Assam, Masters, known in bud only, has closer laxer pubescence and
large linear-setaceous bracts.
;

annual, stem and imder surface of

9. TIL. capitata, W. 8f A. Prodr. 255
the leaves glabrescent, flowers in short-peduncled few-flowered corymbs, bracts
small lanceolate setaceous, pod shortly velvety glabrescent ribbed longitudinally.
Oarpopogon capitatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 284. M. velutina, Hassk. Hort.
Bogor. 277.
;

Poot of the Western and Eastern Himalayas. Distrib. Java.

Closely allied to M. pruriens, of which it may be a cultivated race.
Leaflets
the same texture and shape, but with only a few adpressed hairs, not silky below.
Calyx and corolla the
Corymbs with 5-6 flowers, on short ascending peduncles.
same. Pod larger, 5-6 in. long, similarly turned up at the end, but the bristles much
shorter and deciduous.

188

l.

leguminos^.

(J.

[Mucuna.

G. Baker.)

10. BX. nivea, DC. Prodr. ii. 406

annual, stem and leaves beneath glabrescent, flowers white in long drooping racemes, bracts small linear-lanceolate,
Wall. Cat. 5624. Carpods shortly velvety glabrescent ribbed longitudinally.
popogon niveum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 285. M. nigra, Ham. in
Wall. Cat. 5617.
;

Ava and Bengal,

perhaps cultivated only.

Like the preceding, perhaps only a cultivated race of M. pruriens.
Leaflets
-|- ft. long, distinctly rhomboidal at the base, both sides at first with a few adpressed
hairs.
Racemes pendulous, often exceeding the leaves. Pedicels, calyx and corolla of
M. pruriens, but the latter white. Pod half a foot long, black and destitute of
bristles

when mature,

6-8-seeded.

61.

AFXOS,

Moench.

Twining herbs.

Leaves pinnately 3-7-foliolate, stipellate. Floivers middlewith tmnid nodes bracts and bracteoles minute, deciduous.
Calyx teeth shorter than the tube, two upper connate, lowest linear, the two
others short, deltoid.
Corolla much exserted, the much incurved narrow keel
exceeding the spoonshaped standard, the wings still shorter. Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled style very long, filiform, beardless, much incurved, stigma capitate. Pod linear, compressed.
Distrib. Species 3, the two others Chinese and N. American.
sized, in lax racemes,

1.

A. carnea,

As. Par. 49,

JBenth.

MSS.

Oyrtotropis carnea, Wall. Cat. 5527; PI.

62.

t.

Nipal. Wallich. Khasia, 4-6000 ft., Hook.fil. # Thomson, Lohb.

Stems slender, soon glabrescent. Petioles 2-3 in. leaflets usually o, rarely 3,
glabrous, green above, pale beneath, membranous, opposite, oblong, acute, 3-4 in.
Flowers in long-peduncled flexuose secund racemes 6-9 in. long lower pedicels
long.
fascicled, xipper solitary; bracts and bracteoles minute, linear, caducous. Calyx green,
glabrous, - in.
Corolla reddish, quite twice the calyx.
Pod 4-5 in. long, glabrous,
straight, 12-16-seeded.
;

62.

ERYTHRINA,

Linn.

Trees with prickly branches. Floivers large, coral-red, in dense racemes,

produced usually before the development of the large constantly 3-foliolate leaves.
Calyx oblique, spathaceous, finally slitting down to the base or campanulato-bilabiate.
Petals very unequal standard always much exserted and considerably
exceeding the keel and wings. Upper stamen free down nearly to the base or
connate with the others half way up the filaments anthers uniform.
Ovary
stalked, many-ovuled
style incurved, beardless, stigma capitate.
Pod linear,
Distkib. Species 25-30, principally tropical, in both the new
turgid, torulose.
world and the old, and at the Cape.
;

Sttbgen.

1.

Stenotropis,

all 2-lipped, finally split to

Hassk.
Calyx spathaceous, oblique, not at
the base down the back.

DC. Prodr. ii. 412 calyx 5-cleft at the tip, keelpod 6--seeded. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 249 Wall. Cat. 5963
W. %
A. Prodr. 260 Redd. Fl. Sylv. 87 Wight Ic. t. 58 Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 70.
E. spathacea, Wall. Cat. 5965. E. corallodendron, Linn. Sp. 992, ex parte. E.
cuneata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5967. Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 7.
1.

E. indica, Lam.

petals free,

Foot of the Himalayas to Ceylon,

Java, Polynesia.

Bikma and Malacca,

often planted.

Distkib.

Frythrina.]

tall tree,

L.

leguminos^:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

189

with thin grey bark, the prickles minute, conical, usually black.

Pe-

4-6 in., mostly unarmed leaflets membranous, subconcolorous, glabrous, the

end one round-cuspidate, 4-6 in. long and broad, truncate or broad-rhomboidal at the
Eacemes dense, ^ ft. long, on spreading woody peduncles pedicels \-^ in.,
base.
downy. Calyx 1-1 J in. long, with a very oblique mouth from the first, subglabStandard 2-2^- in. long, the blade 1 in.
rous, minutely 5-toothed at the very tip.
broad wings and keel subequal, not more than half as long as the calyx. Pod \- 1 ft.
long, distinctly torulose.
E. picta, Linn. (Ritmph, Amboin. t. 77) ^appears to be a
mere form of this, with variegated leaves.
tioles

S. stricta, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 251 ; calyx entire at

connate, pod 2-3-seeded.
W. % A. Prodr. 260 ; Dalz. 8r
Micropteryx stricta, Walp. in
Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 70 ; JBedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 175.
Linncea, xxiii. 740.
2.

the

tip, keel-petals

Westeen Peninsula, common.

A large tree. Prickles whitish, rarely extending to the petioles. Leaflets same
Calyx subglabrous, ^ in. long.
shape as in E. indica, glabrescent on both surfaces.
Standard oblong-lanceolate, li in. long keel half as long as the standard, much exceeding the truncate wing. Stamens as in the last. Pod 4-5 in. long, less torulose
than in the last, narrowed to both ends, glabrous, its stalk longer than the
;

calyx.

micropteryx,

Sttbgex. 2.

Walp.

distinctly 2-lipped, but not splitting

bearing through its whole length.

down

Calyx canipanulate, more' or

Pod

to the base.

less

turgid and seed-

Hort. Beng. 53 Fl. Ind. iii.

3. E. resupinata, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 220
257 herbaceous, leaflets as broad as long, limb of standard oblong. DC. Prodr.
ii. 410
Brand. For. Fl. 141.
;

plain Nawal Khar, Br. Brandts.

Oudh, Dr. Stewart.
Racemes direct from the rootstock, under a foot high, dense, appearing before the
Petioles and peduncles prickly.
Leaflets round-cordate, 2-3 in. long and
leaves.
Standard 3-4 times the
Calyx \ -^ in. long, campannlato-bilabiate.
broad.
calyx keel half as long as the standard tinged with red, its petals united wings much
Upper stamen free from low down.
shorter, greenish.

Upper G-angetic

ovalifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 254 arborescent,

twice as long as broad, glabrous, limb of the standard as broad as long.
Wight le. t. 247 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 88 Benth. PL Jungh. 237.
Wall. Cat. 5961
E. picta, Wall. Cat. 5960, non Linn. Duchassaingia ovalifolia, Walp. in Lin4.

ZS.

leaflets

mata, xxiii. 742.

Forests of Sillet, Assam, Bengal, Ceylon, Birma and Malacca. Distrib. Java,
Polynesia, and perhaps not distinct from American E. glauca, Willd.
Branches pale grey. Prickles usually black, not extending to the petiole. Leaflets
subcoriaceous, glaucous, the end one ovate or obovate-oblong, very different in shape
from that of any other species, often | ft. long, obtuse or subacute. Calyx - in.,
brown-velvety, splitting nearly down to the base in two halves. Standard deep scarlet,
H-2 in. by l| in, emarginate; keel petals adherent, half as long as standard wing
rather shorter. Pod 6-8-seeded, ^ ft. long, distinctly torulose, narrowed into a short
;

stalk.

E. suberosa, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 58 Fl Ind, iii. 253 arborescent,

long as broad matted with pubescence beneath, limb of the standard
3-4 times as long as broad, pod turgid. Wall. Cat. 5959
W. fy A. Prodr.
260 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 87 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 70. Micropteryx suberosa,
5.

leaflets as

190

L.

leguminos*;.

(J.

G. Baker.)

xxiii. 744.
E. alba, Roxb.
in Wall. Cat. 5966, 5968.

Walp. in Linncea,
reniformis,

Ham.

MSS.

[Erythina.
E. Nahasuta, and E.

Himalayas

to Ceylon, ascending to 3-4000 in the north-west.

reaching 40-50 feet high, with corky deeply cracked bark. Prickles yellowish, longer than in the others. Leaflets green and glabrous above, 3-6 in. broad,
often broader than deep, usually pointed, with a broad deltoid base, thickly matted
with grey cottony down beneath. Racemes densely capitate. Calyx in. long, faintly
downy, soon deeply bilabiate. Standard 1^-2 in. long, its blade || in. broad keelUpper stamen free from low
petals connate, less than half as long as the standard.
down. Pod \ ft. long, subterete, distinctly torulose, 4-5-seeded.
Ind.
iii.
254 (sp.) leaflets larger conspicuously sinuVae. sublobata Roxb. Fl.
ated.
W. # A. Prodr. 261 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 87. E. maxima, Roxb. MSS. Macroxxiii.
Linneea,
in
E. tomentosa, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
740.
pteryx sublobata, Walp.
.5964. Orissa, Roxburgh. Mungger hills, Hamilton. Subalpine jungles of Western
Peninsula, Beddome.

tree,

6. E. arborescens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 256

arborescent, leaflets as broad as long glabrous beneath, limb of the standard 2-3 times
ss long as broad, pod firm flattish. Roxb. Cor. PL t. 219 ; Wall. Cat. 5962
Brand. For. Fl. 140.
;

Central and East Himalayas

7,000

Ktjmaon

to Sikkim

and Khasia, ascending to

ft.

A low tree,

with few prickles on the branches. Leaflets membranous, greenish on

end one pointed, truncate or rather cordate at the base, often f-1 ft.
broad. Flower very like that of E. suberosa, but the calyx larger and the limb of
the standard broader. Pod much curved, -f ft. long, 1 in. or more broad, 4-6seeded, narrowed gradually to a distinct beak and stalk.
,
both

sides, the

Sttbgen.

3.

Hypaphorus,

Htesk.

Calyx as in the

last,

Pod

and indehiscent in the lower half, bearing 1-3 seeds towards the
"Connects Erythrina with Butea and Spatholobus.
seedless

7.

E. lithosperma, Blume, ex Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 209. E.

PL Jav. Rar. 378 Benth. PL Jungh. 237, non Brotero.

diflora, Hassk.

secun-

Distrib. Java; Philippines, Cuming, 1161.

with branchlets often unarmed.
Leaflets membranous, glabrous,
Racemes pilose, cotemporaneous
greenish, the end one roundish, acute, 4-6 in. long.
with the leaves. Calyx velvety, - in. long, finally splitting down nearly to the
base in two lips. Standard l\-\^ in. long, the limb oblong, obtuse; keel and wings
subequal, ^ in. long. Pod much recurved, 4-5 in. long, broader in lower half, with a
stalk reaching lj-lf in. long. Kurz (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 69) says
Miquel's plant is not Blume's, and that it is E. sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl.

Rangoon, McClelland.

'

flat,

tip.

tall

tree,

"304.

I cannot, without specimens, clearly distinguish E. holosericea,

from this

its

pod

is

Kurz

loc.

cit.

unknown.

63.

STRONGYLODON, Vogel.

Twining herbs, with the habit of Phaseolus, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves.
Calyx campanulate, gibbous teeth short, obtuse,
Flowers in long lax racemes.
Corolla much exserted standard lanceolate, recurved
wings obimbricated.
keel curved, as long as the standard, narrowed
tuse, more than a third as long
Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform.
Ovary stalked,
into a long' beak.
;

Strongylodon.']

l.

leguminos-e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

191

Pod oblong-, turgid.

few-ovuled, style filiform, beardless, stigma capitate.
Seeds as large as a bean, with, a hiluni running more than half round.
Distrib.
Species 3, Polynesian.
1.

S. ruber, Vogel

Expedit., 446,
387.

t.

48

Walp. Ann.

iv.

Enum.

89.

Thwaites

559 A. Gray Bot. Amer. Explor.

Rhynchosia lucida, DC. Prodi- ii.
;

Ceylon, near Kornegalle, Thwaites. Distrib. Polynesia.

Stems firm, wide-twining, glabrous.
Leaflets green, subconcolorous, glabrous,
membranous, the end one roundish with a point, 4-6 in. long. Racemes copious, axpedicels geminate from the tumid nodes,
illary, distinctly-peduncled, ^1 ft. long
Calyx glabrous, %- in., clasped at the base by a pair of
filiform, drooping, -1 in.
Corolla bright red, 3-4 times the calyx.
short round deciduous bracteoles.
Pod ob;

long, 3 in. long, distinctly stalked,. 2-seeded.

64.

GBONA,

Lour.

Twining herbs, with stipellate 1-foliolate leaves, deciduous stipules and bracts.
Racemes with obscurely-swollen nodes. Calyx-tube campanulate teeth elong;

Corolla distinctly exserted, its petals nearly equal in

ated, upper 2 shorter.
length, both standard and wings spurred ; keel obtuse, nearly straight. Stamens
Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled
diadelphous; anthers uniform.
style long,
Pod linear, turgid, septate between the
filiform, beardless, stigma capitate.
;

seeds.

Distrib. Another species reported from Cochin China.

1. G-. G-rahami, Benth. PL Jungh. 233; flowers in very lax fascicled

racemes, bracteoles a quarter as long as the calyx. Glycine Grahami, Wall. Cat.
5513.

Pkome, Wallich.

A lax climber

or trailer, the slender stems with a few adpressed hairs.

Leaflet
subcoriaceous, glabrous, subconcolorous, reticulato-venose, 3-6 in. long, acute, lower
Racemes 2-3 from each
-cordate-ovate, upper oblong-lanceolate; petiole |1 in.
Calyx glabrescent,
node, 1-3 in. long, the flowers in pairs from the distant nodes.
^ 'in teeth all exceeding tube, lower linear, upper lanceolate. Corolla in. reddish.
;

2. G. Dalzellii, Baker flowers in dense usually sessile heads, bracteoles

as long as the calvx. Galactia simplicifolia, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 209 ; Dalz.
Fl. 69.
8f Gibs. Bomb.
;

Plains of Coxcan, Dalzell, Stocks.

herbaceous twiner, the slender stems with a few adpressed hairs. Leaflets membranous, with a few adpressed hairs on both sides, green above, glaucous below, ovate,
acutp, 2-4 in. long, lower cordate, upper rounded at the base; petiole f-l in.
Calyx in., clothed with dense ferruginous
Flowers 6-12, in copious dense cymes.
Corolla twice the calyx.
silky hairs; lower teeth lanceolate, upper deltoid.
Pod
linear, straight, hairy, 2-2 in. long, 8-10-seeded.

3. G-. filicaulis,
axillary.
'

Kurz

in Journ, Asiat. Soc. Beng.

xlii. 2,

232

flowers

Pegu, Kurz.
Voluble, slender. Leaves broad cordate-ovate, obtuse, mucronate, 1-1^ in. broad,
palmately nerved, thinly hirsute on both sides; petiole | in.
Flowers small, yellow, pedicellate, cirrhoso-pedunculate.
Pod slender, linear, glabrous, 1 in.
seeds shining, olive-green, mottled with black.
Kurz, loc. cit.
;

5-6-seeded

long,


192

leguminosjc.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

GALACTIA,

65.

[Galactia.

P. Br.

Twining herbs, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, like Glycine in habit, but
with the nodes of the raceme slightly tumid. Calyx-tube short teeth linear or
Corolla little exserted its
lanceolate, the two uppermost entirely fused in one.
Stamens diadelphpetals nearly equal in length keel obtuse, nearly straight.
ous anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled style long, filiform, beard;

stigma capitate. Pod linear, flattened, recurved.

mostly Tropical American.
less,

Disteib. Species 45,

1. Gr. tenuiflora, W. 8r A. Prodr. 206 ; leaflets small obtuse, flowers in

pairs from the distant nodes of elongated racemes, hairs of calyx very short adGlycine tenuiflora, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 241 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
pressed.

319/

Plains from the foot of the Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam. Distrib. Natal,
Zambesi-land, Australia, Malay isles.
Stems very slender, obscurely grey-downy. Stipules deciduous, minute petiole
l-l|in. leaflets ovate or oblong, 1^-2 in. long, membranous, green, glabrescent
above, grey, obscurely silky below. Racemes copious, peduncled, - ft. long.
Calyx
^^ in. long, finely grey silky teeth lanceolate acuminate, exceeding the tube. CoPod 1^-2 in. by | in., glabrescent, 6-8-seeded.
rolla reddish, ^ in. long.
Var. 1. lucida leaflets linear-oblong subcoriaceous glabrous on both surfaces
sublucent above, flowers smaller. Glycine lucida, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5511. Gr.
graminea, Heyne MSS. Western Peninsula.
Vab. 2. minor-, stems very slender, leaflets and flowers smaller, the former
oblong ^-1 in. long thinly grey silky below, corolla \-^ in. long, pod 1 in. long
Leucodictyon malvensis, Dalz. cf Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 73. Gr.
glabrous" 4-5-seeded.
"Western Peninsula.
tenuiflora, Wall. Cat. 5509 A.
Var. 3. villosa stems leaves below and pods densely grey-downy, leaflets oblong
1-1 i in. long, flowers fewer and smaller than in the type. G. villosa, W. $ A. Prodr.
207." Glycine tenuiflora, Wall. Cat. 5509, B, C.
G."filiformis, Wall. Cat. 5510 and
5519. Western Peninsula.
Var. 4. latifolia stems and leaves below densely pubescent, leaflets subcoriaceous roundish 1^-2 in. long, racemes elongated, calyx hoary more deeply cleft.
Concan, Stocks.
;

Gr. 1 oxyphylla, Benth. PI. Jungh. 233 ; leaflets large acute, flowers
in axillary nearlv sessile cymes, hairs of calyx long and silkv.
Glycine
oxyphylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5522.
2.

2-4

Tavoy, Gomez. Amherst, Parish.

Stems slender, clothed with conspicuous spreading deciduous ferruginous hairs.
leaflets membranous, green, subconcolorous, with a few adpressed
Petioles 2-3 in.
Bracts lanceolate, nervose, subpersistent
hairs on both surfaces, oblong, 3-4 in. long.
Calyx in. long teeth linear-setaceous, 2-3
bracteoles linear, as long as the tube.
times as long as the tube, plumose. Corolla reddish, ^ in. long. Pod unknown. Kecedes from Galactia by its cymose inflorescence and persistent nervose bracts.

Tenasserim

COGHLXANTHUS, Benth.

66.

climbing herb. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate. Flowers racemed.

Calyx-tube campanulate teeth short, the lowest longest, lanceolate, the two
upper fused into one. Corolla much exserted, the petals nearly equal in length r
standard broad keel narrow, curved, rounded at the end in a semicircle. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary short-stipitate, many-ovuled style
;

Cochliantlius."]

incurved

filiform

Distrib.

l.

single

leguminos^:.

(J. Gr.

stigma large, terminal.

193

Baker.)

Pod

linear,

incurved,

flattish.

endemic species with the habit of a slender Mucuna.

C. gracilis, Benth.

1.

PI. Jungh. 234.

Mucuna?

gracilis,

Grah. in Wall.

Cat. 5626.

Nipal, Wallich.
slender twining subglabrous herb, with both leaves and flower turning black
when dried. Leaves distinctly petioled, 3-foliolate, stipellate, membranous, with a
few adpressed hairs on both surfaces, grey beneath end one ovate-rhomboidal, acuminate, 2-3 in. long.
Flowers 6-20 in close racemes on drooping slender peduncles
bracteoles setaceous, very minute, deciduous.
Calyx J in., densely clothed with adpressed silky hairs.
Corolla 3 times as long as the calyx.

67.

SPATHOLOBUS,

Hassk.

Woody

climbers, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers small or middleample terminal panicles, extending into the axils of the upper leaves, the
teeth
pedicels densely fascicled at the tumid nodes.
Calyx campanulate
lanceolate or oblong-deltoid, the upper two connate.
Corolla distinctly exserted, its petals subequal, the keel obtuse, nearly straight.
Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, 2-ovuled style incurved,
beardless, stigma capitate.
Pod exactly like that of Butea. Distrib. Species
By the pod dehiscing only at
10, the others Malayan and one Trop. African.
the seed-bearing apex this and Butea approach Dalbergieee.
sized, in

1. S. Roxburg-liii, Benth. PI. Jungh. 238; leaflets subcoriaceous greycanescent beneath, end one obovate-rhomboidal, flowers middle-sized, pod
stalked usually equal in width throughout. Butea parviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
53; Fl. Ind. iii. 248; DC. Prodr. ii. 415; Wall. Cat. 5440; W. $ A. Prodr.
261
Wight Ic. t. 210; Dalz. 8> Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71. B. sericophvlla, Wall. Cat.
5441.
;

Plains from the foot' of the "West Himalayas to Ceylon, Martaban and Tenasserim.
A robust climber, with densely grey-downy branches. Petiole J-J ft. leaflets
subcoriaceous, dull green, glabrescent above, obtuse or shortly cuspidate, deltoid at
the base, 6-9 in. long. Panicle reaching 1-1^ ft. long; branches very downy; pedicels
in. or less long.
Calyx ^i in., densely grey-velvety lower teeth lanceolate,
Corolla bright red, half as long again as the calyx.
nearly as long as the tube.
Pod 3-4 in. long, usually 1 in. broad, clothed with ferruginous tomentum, which is
thickest and darkest towards the tip, narrowed suddenly into a stalk ^ in. long.
Var. 1. denudatus leaves nearly concolorous, calvate beneath. Butea gyrocarpa,
Wall. Cat. 5442, in part.
Penang.
Var. 2. platycarpus pod nearly 2 in. broad conspicuously narrowed to the seedbearing tip. Concan, Stocks.
;

2. S. gryrocarpus, Benth. PI. Jungh. 238

leaflets subcoriaceous ferrugineo-pubescent beneath, end one obovate-rhomboidal, flowers small, calyx
densely grey-downy, teeth very short, pod sessile narrowed to the tip.
Butea
gyrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 5442, ex parte.
;

Forests of Penang and Malacca, Wallich, &c. Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 945.
robust woody climber, with densely ferrugineo-pubescent branches.
Petiole
4-6 in. leaflets dull green, pubescent on the ribs above, not at all canescent, but beset
with short spreading hairs and reticulato-venose beneath, the base rather rounded, the
end one 6-9 in. long.
Panicle 1 ft. long branches very downy pedicels very short.

VOL.

II.

194

L.

leguminosje.

(J. G.

Baker.)

[Spatholobus.

Calyx \ in. teeth deltoid. Corolla reddish, in. long limb and standard broader
than deep, emarginate. Pod like the samara of a sycamore reversed, finely downy,
3-5 in. long, more membranous than in the last
;

3. S. acuminatus, Benth. PI. Jungh. 238

leaflets subcoriaceous oblong cuspidate rounded at the base glabrous beneath, flowers small, calyx obscurely downy, teeth oblong half as long as the tube, pod sessile narrowed to
the tip. Butea acuminata, Wall. Cat. 5443.
Pongamia rosea. Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5907.
P. rigida, Wall. Cat. 5908 ?
;

Forests of Tenasserim and Penang, Wallich, &c.

robust climber, with branches minutely downy at first, soon glabrescent. Petiole
2-4 in. long leaflets subconcolorous, pale grey-green on both sides, much thinner
than in 8. crassifolius, the end one 4-8 in. long. Panicle more than a foot long pedicels much shorter than the calyx.
in.
Corolla bright red, three times the
Calyx
calyx limb of the standard as long as broad. Pod just like that of S. gyrocarpus.
Here most likely belongs Pongamia ? Wall. Cat. 9054, from Penang. "We have
a closely allied plant from Mishmi, Griffith, 1678, with a more rigid much recurved
larger pod half a foot long; and another from Concan, Stocks (S. pitrpttreus, Benth.
MSS.) with very dense panicles, dark purple corolla, and longer pedicels, which no
doubt is distinct, but of which the pod is unknown.

'

leaflets very thick and rigid

4. S. crassifolius, Benth. PI. Jungh. 238
oblong cuspidate rounded at the base glabrous beneath, flowers small, calyx
densely brown- velvety, teeth deltoid half as long as the tube, pod stalked. Pongamia crassifolia, Wall. Cat. 5913.
;

Forests of Silhet and Penang, Wallich. Khasia, Griffith.

Branches at first clothed with ferruginous pubescence.
Leaflets like those of 8.
acuminatus, 6-9 in. long, thicker in texture, very shining on the upper surface, quite
glabrous beneath from the beginning. Pedicels very short, the flowers densely clustered towards the end of the branchlets.
Calyx
*n
longCorolla dark purple,
scarcely twice as long as the calyx limb of the standard broader than deep, emarginate.
Pod only seen very immature.

BUTEA, Eoxb.

68.

Erect trees or climbing shrubs, with 3-foliolate large stipellate leaves. Flowers
densely fascicled, large, showy, in axillary rademes or terminal racemes or paniCalyx broadly campanulate teeth short, deltoid.
Corolla much exserted ;
cles.
petals nearly equal in length, the keel much curved, subobtuse or acute.
Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, 2-ovuled style
Pod firm, ligulate, splitting round
filiform, curved, beardless, stigma capitate.
the single apical seed, the lowest part indehiscent. Distrib. No other species.
;

Fl. Ind. iii. 244; an erect tree,

1. B. frondosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. 21, t.'21
lower calyx-teeth deltoid, keel much curved acute 4 times as long as the calyx,
Wall. Cat. 5569, ex parte W. A. Frodr. 261 DC.
pod distinctly stalked.
Prod. ii. 415; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 102, Suppl. t. 32; Beddome Fl.
Brand. For. Fl. 142. Erythrina
Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71
Sylv. t. 176
monosperma, Larnk. Diet. i. 391. Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 16-17.
;

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon and Birma, ascending to 4000 ft. in the
north-west.
An erect tree, reaching a height of 40-50 ft. Shoots clothed with grey or brown
Petiole {- ft. leaflets 4-8 in. long, coriaceous, glabrescent above,
silky pubescence.
densely finely silky and strongly veined below end one roundish, with a rhomboid
base, obtuse, often emarginate. Racemes ^ ft. long pedicels ^1 in., densely brownvelvety. Calyx in. long, velvety. Petals bright orange-red, equal, thickly clothed on
the outside with silvery tomentum, the standard 1 in. broad, the keel semicircular,
beaked. Pod 6-8 in. by 1^2 in., argenteo-canescent, narrowed suddenly into a stalk
;

longer than the calyx.

ButeaJ]

leguminos^:.

l.

:;

G. Baker.)

(J.

195

2. B. superba, Roxb. Cor. PI. 23, t. 22

Hart. Beng. 53 Fl. Ind.
247 a climber, lower calyx-teeth lanceolate-deltoid, keel much curved acute
4-5 times as long as the calyx, pod distinctly stalked.
Wall. Cat. 5438
DC. Prodr. ii. 415 W. 8f A, Prodr. 261 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71 Brand.
;

iii.

B. frondosa, Wall. Cat. 5569, ex parte.

For. Fl. 143.

Forests of Concan, Bengal, Orissa and Birma.

*
Very near the last, from which it differs mainly by its scandent habit, not by any
botanical characters.
Leaflets and flowers larger, the former reaching 20 in. long.
Racemes 1 ft. long pedicels sometimes 3 times as long as the calyx.
'

3. B. minor, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5439 ; a climber, corolla three times the
calyx, keel little curved subobtuse, pod subsessile.

East Himalayas Nipal, Wallich Silhet, Da Silva Khasia, 1-4000 ft., Hook.fil.
Thomson, Lobb. Mishmi, Griffith.
Branches robust, clothed at first with grey or brown silky hairs. Petiole 3 ft.
leaflets obtuse or cuspidate, 6-15 in. long, coriaceous, scabrous above, finely silky
beneath, the end one orbicular, with a rhomboidal base. Racemes -1 ft. long. Calyx
;

\-\ in., brown-velvety, as are the pedicels ; teeth very short. Corolla dull red, 1 in.
long, densely velvety on the outside keel rather exceeding the wings and standard,
which is \ in. broad. Pod 3-3^ in. long by l-lj in., cuneate at the base.
;

MASTERS! A, Benth.

69.

Calyx-tube turbinate

teeth long, lower lanceolate,

two upper connate.

Costandard roundish keel

Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform ? Ovary sessile,
obtuse, little curved.
many-ovuled style short, filiform, incurved, stigma capitate. Pod linear-oblong, flat, indehiscent, the dorsal suture bordered by a narrow erect wing.
Distrib.
single endemic species, combining the habit of Phaseolece with the
pod of Dalbergiece.
rolla scarcely exserted

petals nearly equal in length

ZH. cleistocarpa, Baker.

1.

East Himalayas, Assam and Mishmi, Wallich, Griffith.

A woody climber, with firm terete glabrous branches. Leaves

3-foliolate, distinctly

glabrous above, inconspicuously downy beneath end one obovate-cuspidate, 5-6 in. long, rounded at the base. Racemes reaching
a foot long pedicels \-^ in., geminate, from very tumid nodes.
Calyx ^ in. long, the
tube hidden by a pair of large round striated bracteoles. Pod shining, very flat,
petioled

leaflets subcoriaceous, stipellate,

3-5

by f-1

in.

in.

70.

CANAVAX.XA,

DC.

Large twining perennials or biennials, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves and

flowers.
Calyx deep, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip projecting, entire

showy

or emarginate, the lower shortly 3-toothed.

Corolla much exserted ; standard
wings shorter, equalling the incurved obtuse keel. Stamens
monadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary obscurely stalked, many-ovuled ; style
incurved, beardless, stigma terminal.
Pod large, linear or oblong, flattish, with
a distinct rib oh each valve near the upper suture. Distrib. Species about a
dozen, two widely- spread in the tropics, the others mostly American.
large, roundish

1.

C. ensiformis, DC.

fccute,

Sp.

PL

P?-odr.

ii.

ovate or oblong usually

Dolichos ensiformis, Linn.
Wall. Cat. 5531 W. $ A. Prodr. 253.

404

leaflets

racemes many-flowered, pod many-seeded.

1022.

O. gladiata,

DC.

loc. cit.

02

196

l.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

G. Baker.)

(J.

\_Canavalia.

Dolichos gladiatus, Jacq. Ic. t. 560 Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 300. 0. Loureirii, G.
Don Gen. Syst. ii. 363. C. incur va, DC. loc. cit. Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 44.

East Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, wild and commonly

Everywhere in the Tropics.

cultivated.

Distkib.

Stems wide-twining, perennial or biennial, glabrous. Stipules minute, deciduous

membranous, glabrous, 4-6 in. long. Peduncles and racemes
each - ft. long; pedicels very short, geminate from the very tumid nodes;
Calyx || in., glabrous, the upper lip a third of
bracteoles minute, ovate, caducous.
Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, red or white.
the length of the tube.
Pod 6-9 in. by l-l in., glabrescent, rather recurved, 8-12-seeded.
Var. 1. virosa; leaflets obovate or obovate-oblong smaller more obtuse glabrous,
axis of raceme more densely pubescent, pod 2-4 in. long 4-6-seeded, flowers smaller.
Dolichos virosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55 Fl. Ind. iii. 301. C. virosa, W. 3f A. Prodr.
253 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 69. Perhaps rather the wild form of the plant than a
proper variety. Seeds said to be bitter in the variety, eatable in the type.
Var. 2. turgida, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5534 (sp.) leaves like the last, but the
pod larger and more turgid, 3-5 in. bv 1^-2 in. broad. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 215.
?"
O. Stocksii, Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 69
Var. 3. mollis, Wall. Cat. 5533 (sp.) branches leaves and calyx densely clothed
with short grey pubescence, pod small oblong slightly downy till mature.
W. 8[ A.
Prodr. 253. Nilghiris and Dindygul hills, in the Carnatic.
leaflets entire, ovate,

2.

C obtusifolia, DC. Prodr.

ii.

404

leaflets

obovate obtuse sometimes

Wall. Cat. 5532

eniarginate, racemes few-flowered, pod few-seeded.
Prodr. 253; Clegh. in Madras Journ., new series, vol. i. tab. iv.

W.

fy

A.

Dolichos
obcordatus and rotundifolius, Roxb. Hort. Reng. 55 Fl. Ind. iii. 302-3. O.
Khynchosia rosea, DC. Prodr. ii. 387.
rosea, lineata and rutilans, DC. loc. cit.
;

Coasts of

Western Peninsula, Ceylon and Malay Peninsula.

mopolitan in the tropics.

A glabrous perennial.

Distrib.

Cos-

2-4

in. long, more conLeaflets thicker than in the last,

Racemes usually overtopping the leaves.
spicuously veined, often as broad as long.
of
the
last,
but
the upper lip of the calyx rather shorter. Pod 4-5
Flower like that
in. by 1 in., glabrous, 4-6-seeded.

71.

DIOCLEA,

H.B.K.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate. Flowers blue or

white, in elongated racemes with thickened nodes bracts and bracteoles caduCalyx-tube campanulate teeth as long as the tube, two upper quite
cous.
petals about equal in length
Corolla little exserted
keel incurved,
connate.
but not beaked. Stamens monadelphous, but the uppermost free at the base
Ovary subsessile, few-ovuled
style incurved, beardless,
anthers uniform.
stigma capitate. Pod oblong, turgid, 1-2-seeded, flattened along the upper
Distrib. Species 16, all the others Tropical American.
suture.
;

D. lasiocarpa, Mart., a common Tropical American species with lax racemes,

small bracts, densely fascicled pedicels as long as the glabrous calyx and 6-8-seeded
strap-shaped pods 4-6 in. long, is contained in the Concan collection of Dr. Stocks,

probably introduced.

Dolichos coriaceus. Grah. in

1. 1>. reflexa, Hook. Jil. Niger Flor. 306.
Dioclea javanica, Renth. PI. Jungh. 236. D. Fergusonii,
Wall. Cat. 5562.
Thwaites Enum. 412.
Jil. $ Thomson.
Penang and Sincapore, Wallich.
Ceylon, Ferguson.Distrib. Malay isles, Trop. Africa, Trop.

Forests of Silhet, Hook.

Tenasserim, Heifer.
America.


Pueraria.~\

l.

leguminos^;.

(J.

;;;

G. Baker.)

197

woody climber, with terete branches, at first pubescent. Leaflets subcoriaceous,

obtuse or acute, pubescent beneath, 4-6 in. long.
Flowers in peduncled. dense
subspicate racemes |-1 ft. long bracts linear, reflexed, silky, in. long.
Calyx
| in., silky, with a pair of small obtuse bracteoles. Corolla reddish, half as long
again as the calyx. Pod 3-4 in. long, glabrescent, but clothed at first with adpressed
;

silky hairs.

72.

PITER ARIA,

DO.

Twining shrubs or herbs, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves leaflets sometimes palmatifid. Flowers large or small, densely fascicled, in long often compound racemes. Calyx-teeth long or short, the two upper connate. Corolla
distinctly exserted
standard usually spurred at the base, equalling in length
the obtuse wings and keel. Stamens more or less thoroughly monadelphous
anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile or nearly so, many-ovuled style filiform, much
incurved beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, flatfish. Distkib. Only one
East Asian species not here represented.
;

Flowers produced after the leaves fall.

1. Fueraria proper.
broad, with constrictions between the seeds that recall the articulations of Hedysareae.
Stjbgen.

Pod -^

in.

1. P. tuberosa, DC. Prodr. ii. 240; calyx densely silky, teeth subobtuse
shorter than the tube, bracts very minute, lamina of wings oblique oblong,
pod clothed with weak bristles. Wall. Cat. 5352 ; W. # A. Prodr. 205, 449 ;
Wight Ic. t. 412 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 67 ; Benth. in Linn. Soc. Journ.
ix. 123.
Hedysarum tuberosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57 ; Fl. Lnd. iii. 363.

West Himalayas, tropical zone,

Westebn Peninsula and Obissa.

ascending to 4000

ft.

in

Kumaon.

Hills of

tuberous.
Stems shrubby, the branches finely grey-downy.
Stipules minute, deciduous, cordate-ovate
leaflets membranous, roundish, ^-1 ft.
long, green, glabrescent above, densely clothed with whitish adpressed hairs beneath.
Flowers in dense virgate leafless often panicled racemes, reaching 6-9 in. long
pedicels very short, densely fasoicled. Calyx ^t- in. long, densely silky.
Corolla
bluish, not quite twice the calyx limb of standard orbicular, distinctly spurred. Pod
2-3 in. long, membranous, flat, 3-6-seeded, clothed with long grey silky bristly hairs.

Boot very

large,

calyx subglabrous, teeth

2. P. Candollei, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5355
acute as long as the tube, bracts exceeding the buds, lamina of wings semiBenth. in Journ. Linn. Sec. ix. 123.
circular, pod subglabrous.
;

Pegu, Wallich, McClelland.

Moulmein, Lobb.

Shrubby, with slender terete glabrous branches. Stipules in the last leaflets subcoriaceous, roundish, with an acute point, ^-f ft. long, both surfaces greenish, glabresBacemes lax, virgate, panicled, reaching a foot or more long, the sulcate
cent.
pedicels ^-J in.
bracts linear, f-^ in. long.
rachises subglabrous
Calyx %- in.,
clasped by a pair of minute persistent OA^ate bracteoles.
Corolla twice the calyx
limb of standard roundish, spurred. Pod 3 in. long, few-seeded.
;

Stjbgen". 2.

Neustanthus,

contemporaneous with the flowers.

Benth.

Leaflets entire, rarely faintly lobed,

in. broad, not constricted, 4- 12-

Pod ^-^

seeded.

peduncular

is, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5354 ; herbaceous, stipules

3. P.
basifixed, flower-pedicels exceeding the calyx, calyx-teeth small deltoid, corolla

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 124.

middle-sized, pod glabrous membranous.
Neustanthus peduncularis, Benth. PI. Jungh. 235.

198

L.

leguminos^e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Pueraria.

East Himalayas and Khasia Mts., temperate region, alt. 5-9000 ft.; Nipal,
Sikkim, Mishmi.
Copiously twining, the slender firm branches clothed with short deflexed deciduous
hairs.
Leaflets membranous, green, with a few short hairs above, grey, densely
Racemes -1 ft.,
shortly downy beneath end one roundish, acuminate, 4-6 in. long.
short-peduncled, moderately close
nodes never produced into branches. Pedicels
Corolla
Calyx in., finely grey-silky.
- in., spreading, densely fascicled.
reddish, ^ in. long standard in. broad, not spurred keel with a deep purple tip.
Upper stamen at last nearly free. Pod quite straight, strap-shaped, 2-3 in. by \ in.,
quite glabrous, 4-8-seeded, turgid opposite the seeds.
;

P. Wallichii, DC.

Prodr. ii. 240 shrubby, stipules basifixed, flowermost equalling the calyx, calyx-teeth deltoid, corolla middle-sized,
pod glabrous rigid-coriaceous. DC. Mem. Leg. t. 43; Wall. Cat. 5353 Benth.
4.

pedicels at

P. composita, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5570.

in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 124.

East Himalayas, tropical region Nipal, Silhet, Khasia, Mishmi, ascending

5000 ft. Biema Taong-dong, Wallich.
Branches slender, terete, glabrous. Leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, green,
glabrescent above, grey with a few adpressed hairs beneath end one 4-6 in. long,
obovate-cuspidate, with a deltoid base. Racemes copious, \-^ ft. long, often fascicled
or panicled pedicels finely silky, densely fascicled, the nodes often lengthened out
into short branchlets (P. composita, "VVall.).
Calyx gibbous, ^ in. teeth obscure.
Corolla reddish, ^- in. long limb of standard twice as long as broad, not sparred at
the base. Pod straight, 4-5 in. long, the sutures sometimes slightly repand.
;

to

5. P.
tracheyi, Baker herbaceous, stipules deciduous, flower-pedicels
nearly or quite as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth large nearly as long as the tube,
;

corolla large.

Kumaon, Kalimundi,

alt. 7300 ft., Strachey and Winterbottom.

Branches slender, with a few short deciduous hairs. Leaflets membranous, very
thin, with a few obscure adpressed hairs on both surfaces, green above, paler below end
one obovate-oblong, cuspidate, rather rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long. Flowers in a
long lax simple subsecund raceme, with a subglabrous rachis pedicels - iu. Calyx
subglabrous, in. long lower tooth lanceolate, in. long, the others much shorter.
Corolla reddish, f-^ in. long
Pod
standard ^ in. broad, distinctly spurred.
;

unknown.
6.

fixed
large,

5557
ft.,

P. Thomson!,
by the

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

centre, pedicels very short, calyx-teeth

ix. 122
shrubby,, stipules
3-4 times the tube, corolla
j

pod densely clothed with long silky

Dolichos spicatus, Wall. Cat.

hairs.
D. grandifolius, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5556.

East Himalaya, temperate region. Assam, Jenkins, Mrs. Mack.

Silhet, Gomez.
Griffith, Hook. fil. and Thomson.

Khasia, 5-7000

A climber,

with slender branches, clothed with deciduous deflexed fine brownish

Stipules persistent, ^-f in. long- leaflets membranous, green, with a few
obscure adpressed hairs above, grey with dense thin hairs beneath ; end one roundish,
obtuse or cuspidate, 6-9 in. long, rarely faintly lobed.
Racemes close, simple, 6-9 in.
long.
Calyx ^ in. long, densely -silky teeth lanceolate. Corolla reddish, half as
hairs.

long again as the calyx

-- in., flat,

7.

standard in. broad, distinctly spurred.

straight, membranous, 8-12-seeded.
;

P. stricta, Kurz

erect, pedicels longer

Pod 4-5

in.

by

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 254 herbaceous,

than the very small calyx, pod glabrous 7-9-seeded.
;

Pegu and Mabtaban, Rurzs-

A perennial,

2-4

ft.

high, with subterete branches, tomentose

when young.

Leaflets

Pueraria.']

l.

leguminos^:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

199

chartaceous, thinly clothed -with adpressed hairs on both sides end one ovate acute,
2-3 in. long. Racemes canescent, axillary and forming a terminal panicle fruit,
Calyx 1 in., puberulous. Corolla
bracts small, subulate, persistent.
pedicels in.
unknown. Pod linear, l-l in. by \ in., flat, pale. I have seen no specimens.
;

8. P. hirsuta, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 254 ; herbaceous,

twining, pedicels very short, calyx very small, pod clothed with few spreading
hairs 2-4-seeded.

Pegu, Kurz.
Perennial, the obtuse angles of the branches beset with retrorse adpressed hairs.
especially below, with sparse adpressed hairs
end
2^-3 in. long. Racemes axillary, densely pilose,
fruit-pedicels
bracts caducous
in.
Corolla unknown. Pod
usually 2-3-nate
I have seen no specimens.
linear-oblong, ^-1 in. by \ in., flat, slightly torulose.

Leaflets chartaceous, furnished,

one ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

P. brachycarpa, Kurz

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 243 ; xliii.

herbaceous, twining or diffuse, pedicels as long as the calyx, calyx very
small, pod with a few adpressed hairs 5-6-seeded.
9.

2,

185

Pegu, Kurz.

perennial, with long branches, clothed on the acute angles with retrorse hairs.
Stipules small, lanceolate acuminate ; leaflets chartaceous, with scattered adpressed
hairs on both surfaces end one ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1^-2 in. long.
Racemes 1-2,
stiff, axillary, pilose ; bracts minute, subulate, persistent.
Calyx
in., pubescent.
Corolla unknown.
Pod, linear-oblong, 1 in. by | in., pale, compresced, torulose.
;

have seen no specimens.

Subgex.

3.

Schizophyllon.
Pod -

paraneous with the flowers.

tip, 10-15-seeded.

usually deeply lobed, contembroad, rather turgid, recurved at the

Leaflets
in.

10. P. phaseoloides, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 125.

Dolichos
phasecloides, Roxb. Fl. 2nd. iii. 316. Neustanthus subspicatus and phaseoloides,
Benth. PL Jungh. 234, 235. Dolichos viridis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5559. D.
spicatus, Wall. Cat. 5557 A. B.
Phaseolus decurrens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5612.
Pueraria subspicata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 125. D. ficifolius, Gh'ah. in
Wall. Cat. 5563.

East Himalayas, tropical region Assam, Sikkim, Khasia, Sixhet, Chittagong,

Birma, Pegu, Tenasserim, Penang and Malacca. Distrib. China, Malay isles.
Stems wide-twining, often scarcely woody, clothed with dense spreading brown
Stipules small, lanceolate, basifixed.; leaflets membranous, green above,
hairs.
thinly clothed with adpressed bristly hairs, grey and densely matted beneath end one
very variable in size and shape, roundish, broad ovate or rhomboidal, entire or
shallowly or deeply 3-lobed, 3-6 in. long. Flowers fascicled in copious long-peduncled
racemes pedicels very short bracts and-, bracteoles lanceolate, strongly nerved, like
Calyx - in. long, densely clothed with
those of Shuteria, the latter subpersistent.
;

adpressed bristly hairs lowest tooth lanceolate, as long as tube, others shorter, all
Corolla reddish, twice the calyx blade of standard roundish,
setaceous at the tip.
Pod glabrescent, 3-4 in. long. N. sericans, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
distinctly spurred.
i. 218, is a form with thin adpressed pubescence and large entire leaflets.
Var. javanicus, Benth. (sp.) leaflets small thick entire obtuse densely pubescent,
end one nearly as broad as long with a deltoid base. Pueraria javanica, Benth. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 125. Neustanthus javanicus, Benth. PL Jung. 235 Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. 218, t. 4 B. Pachyrhizus mollis, Hassk. Cat. Bogor. 280.
Khasia and
Malacca.
;

200

L.

leguminosjj.

G. Baker.)

PHASEOLUS,

73.

>

(J.

[Phaseolus.

Linn.

Twiners, usually herbaceous, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers in

Calyx
copious axillary racemes ; bracteoles usually conspicuous and persistent.
campanulate, the lowest tooth usually longer than the rest and the two uppermost subconnate. Corolla much exserted, the keel prolonged into a very long
beak which forms a complete, or in Dysolobium, nearly complete, spiral.
Ovary sessile, many-ovuled
anthers uniform.
style
Stamens diadelphous
filiform, twisted round with the keel, conspicuously bearded down the side
below the very oblique stigma. Pod linear, rarely oblong, subterete or subDistrib. Species
compressed, more or less distinctly septate between the seeds.
about 60, mostly tropical, many widely cultivated, especially in America.
;

Stjbgen\ 1. Phaseolus proper. Stipules small, basifixed.

broad, subcompressed. Keel prolonged into a complete spiral.

Pods^- fin.

DC. Prodr. ii. 393 twining, racemes lax short1. P, lunatus, Linn.
peduncled many- dowered, pedicels longer than the calyx, corolla small greenishyellow, bracteoles minute, pod recurved oblong 2-4-seeded. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
287 ; W.8f A. Prodr. 244. P. vulgaris, Wall. Cat. 5595, non Linn.
;

Everywhere

cultivated, probably a native of America.

Distrib. Everywhere in

the tropics.

A tall biennial, with stems at first minutely downy, soon glabrescent, easily distinguished from all the other species by the shape of the pod, which is 2-3 in. by
- in., less turgid than in any of the others, with the upper suture recurved and the
lower broadly rounded. Eacemes reach ^ ft. long, the lower fascicles distant, with
Calyx
in.
teeth all very
2-4-flowers to a node pedicels finally \-^ in. long.
Corolla 3-4 times the calyx.
Seeds large, very variable in colour. P.
short.
inamcenus, Linn., Xuaresii, Zucc, puberulus, H.B.K., and tunkinensis, Lour., are

cultivated varieties.

DC. Prodr. ii. 392; suberect or twining, racemes

2. P. vulgaris, Linn.
lax subsessile few-flowered, pedicels longer than the calyx, corolla middle-sized
white or lilac-purple, bracteoles often exceeding the calyx, pods linear recurved
4-6-seeded. Roxb. Fl. Lid. iii. 287
W. $ A. Prodr. 243, non Wall. P.
nanus, Linn. ; DC. Roxb.
W. fy A. loc. cit. P. compressus, oblongus, saponaceus, tumidus, haematocarpus, sphaericus and gonospermus, DC. loc. cit.
;

Universally cultivated, but not anywhere clearly known as a wild plant.

Distrib. Spread everywhere, both in tropical and temperate regions.
subglabrous annual.
Stems low and suberect (P. nanus, Linn.) or twining to a
height of 6-10 ft. (P. vulgaris, Linn.). Racemes much shorter than the leaves;
pedicels finally \-^ in. long bracteoles ovate or roundish, persistent.
Pod 4-6 in.
by ^ in., glabrous, rostrate, turgid. The Scarlet Eunner, P. multiflorus, Willd. DC.
Prodr. ii. 392
W. $ A. Prodr. 244 P. coccineus, Lam., differs by its bright scarlet
casually white flowers, arranged in long racemes which often overtop the leaves.

3. P. adenanthus, G. F. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 239 twining, racemes

dense capitate, pedicels very short, corolla large red, pod linear recurved manvseeded.
P. rostratus, Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 5610
W. $ A.
Prodr. 244
Wight Lc. t. 34. P. alatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54 Fl. Lnd. iii.
288, non Linn. P. amarus, Roxb. MSS. P. cirrhosus and truxillensis, H.B.K.
DC. Prodr. ii. 391, 392. P. senegalensis, Guill. $ Per. Fl. Seneg. 217.
;


Phaseolus.~\

L.

leguminos^e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

201

Spread in the plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon, not cultivated. Distrlb.
Cosmopolitan in the Tropics.
A subglabrous perennial, with firmer leaves than in the cultivated species.
Flowers very
Stipules in., often reflexed leaflets entire, 3-4 in. long, subacute.
Calyx \ in. lower teeth lanceolate- or
showy, crowded in a short-peduncled raceme.
4-6
in. by ^ in., glabrous,
deltoid-setaceous.
Standard nearly 1 in. broad. Pod
much recurved, 10-15-seeded, subtorulose.
;

Macroptilium. Connects 1 and 3, agreeing with the

basifixed stipules and with the latter in its narrow turgid pods.

Subgen.
former in

2.

its

P. tenuicaulis, Baker

a subglabrous slender twiner, stipules minute

crowded subsessile, bracteoles lanceolate very
minute, calyx campanulate with deltoid teeth, corolla small. P. sublobatus
4.

lanceolate, racemes few-flowered

var. ? tenuicaulis, Grah. in Wall, Cat, 5598.

Birma

Prome

Wallich.

hills,

Stipules not more than

? at first minutely puberulent.
membranous, glabrous, the end one ovate, acute, entire, 2-3 in. long.
Racemes 5-6-flowered lower pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx glabrous, -^ in.
Corolla 3 times the calyx, reddish. Pod unknown, so that its position is doubtful.

Stems very slender, annual

j^ in.

leaflets

P. Grahamianus, W.

a glabrous perennial twiner,

fy A. Prodr. 244
minute lanceolate, racemes lax short-peduncled, bracteoles lanceolate very
minute, calyx campanulate with deltoid teeth, corolla middle-sized.
Thwaites
5.

stipules

Enum.

90.

Courtallum, Wight. Ceylon on the shore at Batticaloa, Thwaites.

Copiously twining, with slender woody branches. Stipules as in the last leaflets
quite glabrous on both sides, the end one o.vate acute, 2-3 in. long, rather deltoid at
the base.
Racemes 2-4 in. long peduncles about as long as the leaves pedicels
geminate,' the lower finally as long as the calyx.
Calyx ^ in. long. Corolla reddish,
3-4 times the calyx. Pod linear, glabrous, rather recurved, many-seeded, 2^-3 in. by

Carnatic

ir,.

Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 396 shrubby, suberect, with

branches clothed with long deciduous deflexed hajrs, stipules conspicuous lanceolate-setaceous, peduncles and racemes very long, bracteoles setaceous, calvx tubuloso-campanulate with aristate teeth, corolla middle-sized.
Jacq. Ic. t. 558 Pot. Keg. t. 743.
P. psoraleoides, W. A. Prodr. 244
Wight Ic. t. 249.

P. sesnierectus,

6.

flex nose

'

Spread through the Western Peninsula and Ceylon, but probably not wild.
Distrib. Trop. America, Malaya.
Stems tall, suberect and shrubby in the lowxr part, quite terete. Stipules ^-f in.
long; leaflets entire, membranous, soon glabrescent, thicker than in most of the
species, the end one ovate, entire, acute or subobtuse, 2-3 in. long, usually deltoid at
the base. Peduncles reaching a foot and racemes half a foot long pedicels very short,
geminate.
Calyx under \ in. long, split open by the pod. Corolla deep purple and
white, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod 3-4 in. by ^ in., glabrous, rather recurved, many;

seeded.

Sttbgen 3. Strophostyles. Stipules inserted above the base. Pods

under in. thick, subterete. Keel prolonged into a complete spiral. Flotvers
-

yellow.

Racemes very

close.

P. trilobus,

Ait. Sort. Kew, iii. 30 ; stems slender diffuse glabrous

Ltly hairy, stipules oblong, leaflets more or less deeply 3-lobed with the
central division spathulate, racemes capitate, bracteoles ovate, flowers minute.
7.

Eoxb. Fl. Ind.

iii.

298

Wall. Cat. 5588

A-K.

W. & A.

Prodr. 246

Wight


202
Ic.

leguminos^i.

L.

94

t.

Ind.

50,

t.

Dalz.

Himalayas
7000

ft.

$r

fig. 1.

to

;;

Gibs.

Bomb.

DC.

Prodr.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Phaseolus.

Dolichos trilobatus, Linn.

Fl. 71.
399.

Burm.

Fl.

ii.

Ceylon and Birma, wild and commonly cultivated, ascending

Distrib. Afghanistan, Malay isles, Nubia, Abyssinia.

to

in the north-west.

Perennial or annual.
Stems trailing to a length of 1-2 feet, glabrous or furnished
with a few deciduous spreading hairs. Stipules 4,-f in., attached near the base
leaflets membranous, glabrous, or with only a few obscure loose or short hairs, rhomboid or orate, 1-2 in. long, very rarely entire (var. oxalideus, Grah., P. corntjttjs,
Blume), usually shallowly lobed in the annual cultivated, deeply lobed in the perennial
wild form, the central divisions broad, spoon -shaped, obtuse. Flowers in a close,
deltoid head, on a peduncle that usually overtops the leaves pedicels very short.
Calyx campanulate, ^-y^ in., pale yellow; teeth deltoid. Corolla underpin, long.
Pod 1-2 in. by in., subcylindrical, glabrous, recurved, fi-12-seeded.
;

P. aconitif olius,

52

stems slender suberect or diffuse

deeply 3-lobed with the central
division ligulate, racemes capitate, bracteoles linear, flowers minute.
Ro.vb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 299 ; W. fy A. Prodr. 247 DC. Prodr. ii. 394.
P. trilobus, Wall.
Cat. 5588 L-N.
Dolichos dissectus, Lam. Diet. ii. 300.
8.

slightly

hairy, stipules

Jacq. Obs.

iii. t.

lanceolate, leaflets

Himalayas

to Ceylon, tropical region, up to 4000 ft. in the north-west.

Closely allied to the last, with which it agrees in flowers and general habit. Stems
more copiously clothed with loose deflexed. fine brownish hairs. Stipules much
smaller and narrower. Peduncles hairy, like the stems bracteoles twice as long as
the calyx, their setaceous ciliated tips protruding beyond the buds. Pods rather
stouter than in P. trilobus and seeds larger.
;

P. grandis,

9.

Dalz.

Sf

Gibs.

Bomb.

Fl. 72,

very large obovate,

non Wall.

Cat.

5602;

obovate entire or distinctly lobed, racemes close, bracteoles enclosing the calyx and corolla, corolla
steins stout suberect, stipules

leaflets

middle-sized.

Concan, on the highest ghauts east of Bombay, Stocks, Balzell.

Stems as robust as in the Common Bean, 2-4 ft. high, clothed with adpressed
deciduous blackish bristles. Stipules persistent, ciliated, obovate-spathulate, 1-2 in.
long, attached a little above the cordate base leaflets rather fleshy, 3-4 in. long,
clothed with short deciduous firm grey bristles, deltoid or rather rounded at the base,
lobed only in the upper half. Racemes copious, on short or long suberect densely
bracteoles nerved, obovate-oblong, ^-^ in. long.
bristly peduncles
Calyx ^ in.
teeth lanceolate. Pod 2-3 in. long, at first densely bristly.
;

stems very slender

10. P. pauciflorus, Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 209
twining subglabrous, stipules minute lanceolate, leaflets membranous entire or
faintly lobed, racemes capitate, bracteoles linear, flowers minute, pod glabrous,
;

Dalz.

Gibs.

Bomb. Fl.

72.

Southern Concan, common, Balzell, Stocks.

Stems very slender, climbing, quite glabrous when mature. Stipules ^ in.
Flowers 2-4, at the
leaflets ovate, acute, l-2 in. long, green above, paler beneath.
end of a slender peduncle about as long as the leaves bracteoles twice as long as the
Calyx not more than ^ in. teeth shorter
calyx pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Corolla \ in., pale yellow.
than the tube, lowest lanceolate.
Pod 1^2 in. by ^ in.,
;

subcylindrical, slightly recurved, 6-10-seeded.

P. srBLOBATtrs, Wall. Cat. 5598 C, from the estuary of the Irrawaddi, is closely
It has firmer
allied to this, but at present is known only in the flowering state.
leaves, thinly clothed with adpressed grey bristles, 6-12-flowered short-ped uncled
capitate,
and
lanceolate
bracteoles
than
the
calyx.
racemes not closely
not longer


Phaseolus.']
11.

l.

P. Xttung'O,

leguminosje.

Linn.

DC.

(J.

Prodr.

G. Baker.)

203

395'; stems suberect or flexuose

ii.

more or less densely clothed with loose deflexed hairs, stipules ovate, leaflets
membranous entire, rarely faintly lobed, racemes capitate, bracteoles ovate or
lanceolate, flowers middle-sized, pod clothed with long spreading deciduous
Wall. Cat. 5589 (in greater
jloxb..Fl. Ind iiL. _22.&eeds green)
silky hairs.
W. # A. Prodr. lJ45. J\ Max, Roxb. Hart. Beng. 55 Fl. Ind. iii. 295
part)
P. aureus, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5590 (seeds
(seeds' black): Wall. Cat. 5606.
,

P. hirtus, Retz. Obs.

yellow).

iii.

38, non Wall.

Wild and universally cultivated in the plains throughout our

number of forms, ascending to 6000 ft. in the N.W. Himalayas.

limits in a large

Distrib. Spread
through tropics of Old World.
Stems annual, suberect in the typical form, 1-2 ft. high, copiously branched from
Stipules |- in.
the base, clothed with fine long deciduous brownish silky hairs.
long, attached near the base leaflets membranous, with scattered adpressed hairs on
both sides, 2-4 in. long, roundish, acute or subobtuse, deltoid or rather rounded at
the base. Flowers about half a dozen at the very end of short peduncles, clothed like
Calyx - in. lower tooth deltoid or lanceolate.
the stems pedicels very short.
Pod 1^-2^- in. long by -i in., subcylindrical, slightly
Corolla - in., yellow.
;

recurved, 10-15-seeded.

Var. 1. glaber, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 291 (sp.), non Schlecht. habit of the type,
Wall. Cat. 5604. P. Mungo, P., Wall. Cat.
but stem leaves and pod quite glabrous.
5589, ex parte. P. glabrescens, Steud. Nomenc. edit. 2, ii. 317. A cultivated form.
Var. 2. Wightianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5591 (sp.) stems elongated slender
P. Wightii, W. $ A.
flexuose finely hairy, the hairs short and grey, leaflets thinner.
;

Prodr. 245. P. subvolubilis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5605.

Var. 3. radiatus, Linn, (sp.) ; stems elongated twining densely clothed, as are the
peduncles and pod with long ferruginous deflexed silky hairs, leaflets firmer than in
Wall. Cat. 5592 DC.
the last, similar to those of the type. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 296
Prodr. ii. 395. P. Koxburghii, W. $ A. Prodr. 246. P. Mungo, Wall. Cat. 5589, ex
P. setulosus, Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii. 33 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 72.
Vigna
opisrrtricha, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 220.
;

stems twining densely

12. P. trinervius, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5603
clothed with deflexed ferruginous hairs, stipules middle-sized oblong, leaflets entire
or faintly lobed persistently pilose on both surfaces, racemes close, bracteoles
oblong-lanceolate, pod at first densely silky.
W. A. Prodr. 245 Dalz. fy
P. faiinosus, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 395 ?
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 71.
;

Plains, of

Western Peninsula and Ceyeon, ascending

to

4000

ft.

Distrib.

Malaya.
Perennial.

Stems copiously twining, never suberect.

Mungo, but apparently attached higher up.

Stipules like those of P.

Leaflets thicker in texture, often dis-

tinctly lobed, ovate, acute, 2-4 in. long, dark green, scabrous, with adpressed grey
bristly hairs above, still more hairy beneath. Flowers 6-12, on long downy peduncles,

the raceme finally 1-2 in. long pedicels very short.

Calyx ^ in.
teeth deltoid.
Corolla 3-4 times the calyx, yellow or reddish. Pod 2-2^- in. long, 10-12-seeded,
slightly recurved.
Closely allied to P. Mungo, var. radiatus, and probably a fourth
variety of that species.
;

13. P. calcaratus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Fl. Ind. iii. 289; stems
suberect or flexuose clothed with fine deciduous deflexed hairs, stipules lanceolate^ leaflets entire or faintly lobed, racemes not capitate, bracteoles linear,
flowers middle-sized, pod glabrous.
Wall. Cat. 5611
W. $ A. Prodr. 245.
P. sublobatus, Wall. Cat. 5598 A, B. P. hirtus, Wall. Cat. 5593. P. Mungo,
Wall. Cat. 5589 0, ex parte. P. pubescens, Blume Miq. Flo?: Ind. Bat. i. 200.
;

Himalayas

to Ceyeon, in the tropical zone, both wild

ascending to 5000 ft. in Khasli. Distrib. Malaya.

and commonly

cultivated,


204

leguminos^}.

L.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Phaseolus.

Hairs of the
Closely allied to P. Mungo', and equally variable in general habit.
stem short, but spreading, not ferruginous. Stipules much smaller and narrower
leaflets membranous, subglabrous, 2-4 in. long, the end one broad-ovate, acute.
Flowers 10-20, the lower pedicels as long as the calyx, and the raceme finally 2-3 in.

Pod 2^-3 in.^ by

Corolla % in., yellow.
in.
teeth short, deltoid.
not so cylindrical as in P. Mungo, 8-1 2- seeded* glabrous from the beginning,
considerably recurved. P. torosus, Roxb. Fl. lnd. iii. 298, is probably a cultivated
form, with short suberect stems and subsessile congested racemes.
Calyx

long.

-i

in.,

Dysolobium.

Pod
Stipules small, basifixed, caducous.
4.
Wings distinctly shorter than
subterete, densely velvety or bristly.
the other petals. Keel prolonged into a long incurved beak but not forming
Stjbgen.

linear,

a complete spiral.

Connects Phaseolus and

Vigna.

Cat. 5613
stems slender
14. P. fuscus, Wall. PL As. Par. 6, t. 6
annual, leaflets ovate acute twice as long as broad softly downy, racemes skortpeduncled few-flowered lax, corolla middle-sized. Dunbaria fusca, Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Peng, xliii. 2, 186.
;

Biema

Prome

hills,

Wallich.

Stems firm, wide-twining, with many grooves. Leaflets membranous, dull green,
thinly pubescent above, grey-green, more densely downy beneath, always entire, rounded
at the base, narrowed gradually to a point, the end one 3-4 in. long.
Peduncles 1-1
in. long.
Racemes 2-3 in. long, copious, much shorter than the leaves pedicels
geminate,, spreading, ~- in.
Calyx under in., subglabrous, very gibbous, with a
few long deciduous bristles teeth ciliated, the lowest lanceolate, shorter than the
tube.
Corolla in. standard ^ in. broad, yellowish with red-brown lines externally
keel and wings yellow.
Pod linear, 2-3 in. by \-^ in., brown, clothed with spreading
brownish hairs, many- seeded.
;

15. P. velutinus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5615; stems woody, leaflets

roundish cuspidate glabrescent above, racemes long-peduncled many-flowered,
corolla large.
P. grandis, Wall. Cat. 5602, non Dalzell. Canavalia grandis,
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Peng, xliii. 2, 185.

East Himalayas,

tropical zone

Nipal, Assam, Chittagong.

Ava, Mottlmein,

Pegu.

woody climber, with very large leaves and flowers, by far the most showy of all
Stems terete, minutely pubescent. Leaflets thin, but flexible, full green,
the species.
subscabrous at first above, paler green beneath, with copious obscure bristly hairs,
broadly rounded at the base, 6-9 in. long. Racemes and woody terete peduncles
reaching each 6-9 in. long pedicels jt- J in. bracteoles roundish, minute, adpressed
Calyx ^ in., finely silky lowest tooth lanceolate, shorter than of the
to the calyx.
Corolla reddish, more than twice as long as the
tube, the others much shorter still.
calyx standard 1 in. broad. Pod almost woody, subcylindrical, straight, ^- ft. by
% in., deeply channelled down both sutures, densely brown-velvety.
;

74.

VIGNA,

Savi.

Twining herbs or shrubs, with exactly the habit of Phaseolus, from which
they differ by having the style and keel much less curved and lengthened t out.
Calyx campanulate teeth long or short, the upper often connate. Corolla much
exserted keel truncate or in Plectrotropis prolonged into an ascending or
anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile,
slightly recurved beak. Stamens diadelphous
many-ovuled style long, filiform, bearded along the inner face below the oblique
stigma.
Pod linear, subterete, subseptate. Distkib. Species 40-50, mostly
tropical, one widely cultivated.
;


l.

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

205

Voandezia stjbterranea, Thouars; DC. Prodr. ii. 474, which is allied to Vigna,
but may be easily known by its 1-2 ovulate ovary, which, by the torsion of the peduncle is thrust below the soil to ripen, and becomes a tuber-like pod, is occasionally
Its native country is not
cultivated, but less frequently than in Tropical Africa.
known.

clearly

Sitbgen.

1.

Vigna proper.

V. repens, Baker

Keel not prolonged into a beak.

stems trailing very slender, stipules minute lanceolate basifixed, leaflets membranous entire acute, flowers 1-2 together on very
short geminate peduncles.
Phaseolug repens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5608.
1.

Birma, near Prome, Wallich.

Stems herbaceous, wide-creeping, glabrous. Leaflets firm, glabrous the end one
Pedicels very short, pubescent.
Calyx \ in., slightly
ovate, acute, 2-3/ in. long.
downy teeth lanceolate-deltoid, shorter than the tube. Corolla reddish, 3 times the
;

length of the calyx.

Pod unknown.

V. lute a,

A. Gray in Bat. Wilkes Exped. i. 452 stems perennial

minute lanceolate basifixed, leaflets obovate obtuse rather fleshy
entire, racemes many-flowered long-peduncled, pods short few-seeded. Dolichos
Vigna anomala, Walp. Bep. i. 779. V. retusa,
luteus, Siu. DC. Prodr. ii. 398.
Walp. Rep. i. 778. Phaseolus obovatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5609.
2.

trailing, stipules

Martaban Amherst, Wallich. Andamans, Kurz. Malacca, Griffith. Distrib. Trop. America, Africa, Polynesia, Cap9, N. Australia.
Stems wide-trailing, perennial, much stouter than in the last. Leaflets glabrous,
with a subdeltoid base, the end one 2-3 in. long. Peduncles equalling or exceeding
Calyx campanulate, subglabrous, ^in.
the leaves. Flowers 6-20, in a close raceme.
Pod 2-3 in. by in., quite glabteeth deltoid.
Corolla yellow, 3-4 times the calyx.
rous from an early stage, subtorulose, 4-6-seeded.
;

3. V. luteola, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 194, t. 50, fig. 2 ; stems
slender herbaceous wide-twining subglabrous, stipules minute lanceolate basifixed, leaflets ovate acute membranous entire, vanemes many-flowered long-peduncled, corolla middle-sized, r>od short lew-seeded. Dolichos luteolus, Jacq.
Sort. Vind. i. 39, t. 90. D. gangeticus, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 310 ; Wall. Cat.
5546. Vigna glabra and villosa, Savi; DC. Prodr. ii. 401.

Bengal

Ceylon, Thwaites.
Sunderbunds, Boxburgh, G. Thomson.
Pegu,
Cosmopolitan in tropics, Cape.
A trailing or twining perennial. Leaflets glabrous, or with a \few spreading grey
silky hairs, narrowed gradually to a point, always entire, the end one 2-3 in. long.
Flowers 12-20, on peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves pedicels slightly
downy, finally as long as the calyx bracts and bracteoles very minute. Calyx J in.,
subglabrous lower tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube, the others deltoid. Corolla
3-4 times the calyx. Pod glabrescent, recurved, 2-4 in. by ^ in., 6-12-seeded.

Kurz.

Distrib.
;

4. V. Catiang-, Endl. ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 188

annual, suberect or
twining, stipules large attached above the base, leaflets membranous ovaterhomboidal entire or slightly lobed, racemes few-flowered long-peduncled, pod
very long many-seeded. Dolichos Catiang, Linn ; DC. Prodr. ii. 399; Boxb.
Wall. Cat. 5549. D. sinensis, Linn. DC. loc. cit. Boxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 303
Wall. Cat. 5550 Bot. Mag. t. 2232
Fl. Ind. iii. 302
W. $ A. Prodr. 250.
Vigna sinensis, Endl. Hassk. PI. Jav. Bar. 386. Dolichos tranquebaricus,
Jacq. Hort. Vind. iii. t. 70.
D. monachalis, Brot. DC. Prodr. loc. cit.
;

Native and universally cultivated in the tropical zone.

world.

Distrib. Tropics of old

206

'leguminosje.

l.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Vigna.

suberect ( V. Catiang) or tall and voluble (V. sinensis), always glabrous or

Stipules f~ in. long, attached and persistent as in Phaseolus Stropholeaflets membranous, 3-6 in. long, acute, very variable in shape, broad or narstylis
row ovate, or ovate-rhomboidal, with the two sides below the middle prolonged into

Low and

nearly

so.

obtuse lobes. Peduncles often exceeding the leaves, 3-6-flowered pedicels very short.
Calyx glabrous, under ^ in teeth lanceolate or deltoid- cuspidate. Corolla yellow or
Pod in some of the cultivated forms 1 or even 2 feet long,'
reddish, twice the calyx.
under ^ in. broad, edible seeds 10 to 20.
;

Stjbgen. 2. Plectrotropis. Keel prolonged into a distinct beak, so that

group connects Vigna proper with Phaseolus.

this

stems
5. V. vexillata, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 194, t. 50, fig. 1
herbaceous with a few deflexed brown hairs, leaflets membranous ovate or lanceolate acute, flowers 2-4 at the end of long peduncles, corolla large, pod
slender glabrescent. Phaseolus vexillatus, Linn.'Sp. PI. 101 7. P. sepiarius, Balz.
Bomb. Flora, 72. P. pulniensis, Wight Ic. t. 202. P.
in Keiv Journ. u. 33
P. fusiformis, Grah. in 'Wall. Cat. 5607.
angustifolius, Wall. Cat. 5596.
Vigna carinalis, Benth. Bot. Sulph. 86. Dill. Hort. Elth. ii. t. 302.
;

Himalayas, from Simla, to Kumaon and Khasia, ascending to 8000 ft.. Hills of
West Peninsula and Ceylon. Distbib. Cosmopolitan in tropics. Cape, Australia.

Stems wide-twining, glabrescent when mature. Stipules ^y in., lanceolate, basifixed leaflets with few or copious adpressed brownish
or grey hairs, varying in shape from broad ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, always
Peduncles \-\ ft. bracteoles setaceous.
Calyx f- h in.,
acute, the base rounded.

Eodt fusiform, perennial.

silky

more

Corolla reddish-purple. 1 in. or

teeth linear-lanceolate, as long as the tube.
standard 1-1^ in. broad.
Pod 3-4 in. by | in., thinly silky at first,
long
;

10-15-seeded.

Vab. StocJcsii, Benth. leaflets small ovate, brown hairs of the leaves and stem
more abundant and persistent. Concan, Stocks.
;

6. V. brachycarpa, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 185 stems

herbaceous slightly hairy. leafU js chartaceous linear or lanceolate-deltoid acuminate, flowers few crowded at tlie end of long peduncles, corolla small, pod
linear-oblong with a few long hairs.
;

Abbacan, Kurz.

perennial climber, with filiform stems. Stipules 55 in., linear-oblong, peltate

Peduncles equalpetiole 1-1^ in., pilose ; leaflets 1-2 in., thinly hairy on both sides.
Calyx glabrous, in. f teeth broad,
ling or exceeding petioles pedicels very short.
Corona yellow, i in. Pod 1 in. byi in., stiff, compressed, black, manyshort, acute.
;

seeded.

I have seen no specimens.

stems woody finely grey-downy, leaflets

7. V. Wig"litii, Benth. MSS.
subcoriaceous small ovate subobtuse, flowers 2-3 on the end of long peduncles,
Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 296.
corolla large.
;

Courtallum, Wight, Thomson,

slender twiner, with slender sulcate glabrescent stems.
Stipules minute, lanleaflets glabrescent above, thinly silky below, 2-3 in.
ceolate, basifixed. caducous
h ng. Peduncles reach 6-9 in pedicels very short bracteoles minute, setaceous.
Calyx in., finely downy lower teeth linear, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla
Pod not known.
reddish, 1^- in. long; standard roundish, emarginate, 1^ in. broad.

Cabnatic

V.

stems woody with short adpressed grey

roundish cuspidate with copious adpressed bristly
-hairs, racemes many-flowered short-peduncled, corolla middle-sized, pod stout
Pkaseobas dolicho:!iort clothed with dense firm spreading grey silky hairs.
8.

doliclioides, Baker

haivs, leaflets subcoriaceous


Vigna.~\

L.

leguminoss.

(J.

G. Bakery)

207

Wall. Cat. 5600. Mucuna

Ind. iii. 290
ides,
;
Dolichos dasycarpus, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 186.
recta, Wall. Cat. 5625.
Canavalia dolichoides, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliv. 2, 185.

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54

Fl.

Distrib. Java.
tropical zone Selhet, Khasia and Assam.
Stems wide-twining, clothed densely with persistent rather bristly pale brown
hairs.
Stipules lanceolate, minute
leaflets always entire, as broad as long, flexible,
4-6 in. long, densely clothed, especially below, with short bristly hairs. Racemes
2-3 in., conical in bud, sometimes nearly sessile pedicels shorter than the calyx
bracteoles minute, lanceolate.
Calyx in., clothed with adpressed hairs teeth delPod 2-3 in. by in.,
toid, lowest lanceolate.
Corolla reddish, 3-4 times the calyx.
tirm, cylindrical, 5-6-seeded, the very dense spreading velvety hairs persistent.

East Himalayas,

9 V. pilosa, Bake?", stems slender woody finely grey-downy, leaflets

membranous ovate acute with a few short adpressed hairs, racemes manyflowered short-peduncled, corolla middle-sized, pod slender clothed with dense

silkv hairs.

Prodr.

ii.

Fl. Ind. iii. 312

Dolichos pilosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55
DC.
W. $ A. Prodr. 249. Phaseoliis difformis, Wall. Cat. 5599.

397

East Himalayas, tropical

Peninsula and Orissa.
Branches very slender, but

zone

Assam,

Nifal,

Prome,

Sikkim,

Western

Stipules minute, lanceolate, cadufirm, glabrescent.

cous; leaflets usually twice as long as broad, narrowed gradually to a point, 4-6 in.
long, thin, but firm, both sides subscabrous.
Racemes 2-3 in. long, much ^horter
than the leaves pedicels finally^- in. bracts and bracteoles minute. Calyx \-^ in.,
thinly silky, oblique lower tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Corolla reddish,
twice the calyx. Pod 4-5 in. by under \ in., beaked, rather recurved, 8-1 2-seeded,
the short fine brown hairs spreading and persistent.
;

10. V. lucens, Baker

stems woody glabrous, leaflets entire naembranous
ovate acute glabrous, racemes sublax many-flowered about as long as the leaves,
corolla middle-sized, pod slender densely velvety.
Phaseolus lucens, Wall. Cat.
5601. Canavalia lucens, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 185.
;

Tavoy, Gomez.

A wide-climbing perennial, with only the youngest branches clothed with a few
adpressed grey hairs. Leaflets green on both sides, rounded at the base, narrowed
gradually to a point, 4-6 in. long; stipules minute, lanceolate, caducous. Racemes and
peduncles each 2-3 in. long; pedicels very short; bracteoles minute, ovate,
Calyx
lower tooth lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Corolla
| in. long, nearly glabrous
reddish, 3 times the calyx.
Pod beaked, many-seeded.
;

75.

PACKYRKZZUS, Kich.

Wide-climbing herbs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate with stipellate lobed

Racemes long, with tumid nodes and fascicled pedicels bracts and
bracteoles setaceous, caducous.
Calyx 2-lipped, the limb as long as the tube,
the upper lip emarginate, the lower deeply 3-toothecl.
Corolla much exserted,
keel obtuse.
the petals subequal
Stamens diadelphous
anthers uniform.
Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled style long, circinate at the apex, bearded down
the inner side below the very oblique stigma.
Pod large, linear, turgid, deeply
depressed between the seeds.
Disteib. Species 2 or 3, the others Mexican
and Angolan.
leaflets.

1.

P. ang-ulatus,

A. Prodr. 251.

DC.

loc. cit.

Rich. ) DC. Prodr. ii. 402

Wall. Cat. 5526; W. 8f
Dolichos bulbosus, Linn. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 309. P. trilobus,
;


208

ja LEGUMINOS2E.

G. Baker.)

(J.

known

Cultivated throughout our limits, but not

[PachyrMzns.

in a wild

Everywhere in the tropics.

Boot a large tuber, like a turnip, which is eaten both raw and
twining, suflruticose, clothed with short deciduous pubescence.

Distrib.

state.

boiled.

Stems wide-

Leaflets large, membranous, glabrous, as broad as long, deeply or shallowly lobed in the upper half, the

base deltoid.
Racemes lax, -1 ft., the lower nodes often prolonged into short
branches bracteoles setaceous.
Calyx \ in., as long as the pedicel. Corolla xeddisk1 in. or more long.
Pod 6-9 in. long, 8-1 2-seeded, straight, glabrescent.
f-k y-uL-t;

CX.XTORXA,

70.

Linn.

Scandent or suberect undershrubs, with the most showy flowers of all the
and persistent membranous small
stipules and bracts and large bracteoles.
Calyx membranous, tubular teeth
standard spoon-shaped, very
deltoid or lanceolate.
Corolla much exserted
Stamens monadelphous or
large
wings and incurved keel much shorter.
diadelphous anthers uniform.
Ovary stalked, many-ovuled style incurved,
.flattened, bearded along the inner side.
Pod linear, flattish or turgid. Disteib.
Species 27, in tropics of old and new world, mostly the latter.
Phaseolecs, 3-7-foliolate leaves, stipellate leaflets

cbg-en. 1.

l.&C,

Ternatea.

"Ternatea,

Pod

Linn.

flattish, the

DC.

Prodr.

valves not keeled on the face.

233

ii.

stems terete scandent, peWall. Cat. 5344

$ A. Prodr. 205 Dalz.
;

tioles short, leaflets 5-7, flowers solitary, bracteoles large.

Bot.
Gibs.

Mag. t. 1542 Roxb. Fl. Ind.

Bomb. Fl. 68.
;

321

iii.

W.

Tropical zone from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Birma, and Malacca. Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics, common in cultivation.
A climber, with slender downy stems. Stipules minute, linear petiole |-1 in. leafBracteoles roundish, obtuse,
lets ovate or oblong, obtuse, subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long.
Calyx i-| in. teeth lanceolate, half as long as the tube. Corolla
^--^ in. long.
standard
Pod 2-4 in. long,
1 in. broad, bright blue, with an orange centre.
1^-2 in.
;

6-10-seeded.

Var. 1. pilosula, Wall. Cat. 5347 (sp.) leaflets and flowers much smaller, the
Guzerat, Stocks.
former ^-f in. long, standard white an inch long
;

2.

C. biflora, Dalz.

very short,

in

leaflets 5, flowers

Kew Journ.

ii. 35
stems suberect angular, petioles
geminate, bracteoles large. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb.
;

Fl. 68.

In the Concan, common Balzell, Stocks, Law.

Stipules minute, lanScarcely shrubby, the young branches densely pubescent.
leaflets membranous, 2-3 in. long, ovate or oblong, usually
petiole \-% in.
ceolate
Flowers copious, scarcely peduncled bracteoles \$ in., ovate or lanceolate
acute.
Calyx - in. teeth shorter than the tube, lanceolate, aristate. Corolla
aristate.
Pod 1-2 in. long, firm, 5-6-seeded.
like that of the last, but much smaller.
;

mariana,

DC.

Prodr. ii. 234 a climber, petioles long, leaf2 peduncled, calyx glabrous, teeth much shorter
than the tune. 0. mexicana, Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 235. 0. acuminata,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5346. 0. Grahami, Steud. Benth. PI. Jungh. 232.
3.

C.

Linn.

lets 3, bracteoles small, flowers

Khasia, temperate region, alt. 5-6000 ft., Hook. fil. $ Thomson, Lobb. Tavoy,
Distrib. Mexico, United States.
Wallick.
petiole 1^-2 in.
Stipules lanceolate, -4 in.
Stems slender, terete, glabrous.
leaflets membranous, glabrous, ovate, pale beneath, 2-4 in. long, acute or subobtuse.
Peduncles -2 in., with a pair of minute lanceolate bracts at the apex bracteoles Ian;


Clitoria.~]

LEGUMiNOSiB.

L.

ceolate,

Calyx f-f

in.

(J.

G. Baker.)

Standard pale blue, 2

in.

in.

209

by 1^

Pod more turgid

in.

than in the two preceding.

macrophylla,

Wall. Cat. 5345 a climber, petioles long, leaflets

flowers 3-6 fascicled in the axils of the leaves, calyx downy,
Benth. PI. Jungh. 2312.
teeth as long as the tube.
4.

3, bracteoles small,

'

Martaban,

Parish.

Tenasserim, Heifer.

Birma, Wallich.

Similar to the last in general habit, bracteoles and corolla. Petiole 2-3 in. leaflets subcoriaceous, glabrous, oblong or obovate-oblong, 3-5 in. long, grey beneath.
Cah/x | in. long, veined like the stipules bracts and bracteoles teeth lanceolate, acuminate. Pod 2 in. long, flattish, 6-8-seeded.
;

;urocarpum.

Pod

turgid, with a rib along the face of

\a.ves.

thv.

5;

cajan^efolia,

Befith. in

Symb. 17,

cajanrerbiiimi, Presl,

Malacca and Sincapoke.

t.

G.

9.

Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. 121. Neurocarpum

N. retusum, Hassk. PI. Jav. Par. 376.^

Thomson,

Distrib.

&c.

Griffith,

Java,

Trop.

America.

A suberect undershrub,
any.

Calyx
or

with terete pilose branches.

Leaflets 3, obovate or oblanlong, obtuse, grey-canescent beneath

petiole scarcely
Flowers usually 2, distinctly peduncled ; bracteoles small, ovate or lanceolate.
| in. teeth much shorter than the tube. Corolla pale violet, twice the calyx

ceolate, subcoriaceous,

2-5

in.

more

standard 1^

in.

broad.

77.

DOLICKOS,

Linn.

Twining herbs, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves and minute subpersistent

Flowers racemose or axillary.
bracts bracteoles and stipules.
Calyx-tube
teeth long or short.
Corolla much exserted its petals usually
equal in length keel obtuse or rostrate, not spiral. Sta?nens diadelphous anstyle filiform or thickened
thers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, many-ovuled
upwards, bearded down the inner face or round the terminal stigma. Pod flat,
Distkib. Species about 20, wide-spread in tropics
linear or oblong, recurved.
of both hemispheres.

campanulate

Sitbgken

1.

Xiablab,

down

base, bearded

Savi.

Style thickened upwards, narrowed to the

the inner edge.

1.
23. Xiablab, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 305; pod recur ved-oblong
2-4-seeded, flowers middle-sized, pedicels short, keel narrow rostrate. Bot.
Mag. t. 896. Labial) vulgaris, Savi; DC. Prodr. ii. 401 Wall. Cat. 5536; W.>
Dolichos lignosus, Linn. Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 307 Bot. Mag.
8f A. Prodr. 250.
t. 380.
Lablab lignosus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5537. L. cultratus, DC. Prodr.
ii. 402
W. 8f A. Prodr. 251. L. microcarpus, perennans, leucocarpus and
nankinensis, DC. loc. cit.
D. benghalensis, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 124. D.
purpureus, Linn. Bot. Reg. t. 830. D. festivus, Wall. Cat. 5551. D. cuspidatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5566.
D. Ourtisii, G. Don Gard. Diet. ii. 357.
;

Wild and universally cultivated throughout India, ascending in the Himalayas

6-7000 ft. Distrib. Tropics of the Old World.
Subglabrous, wide-twining, perennial, or under cultivation annual. Stipules lanceolate, basifixed
leaflets as broad as long, always entire, acute, 2-6 in. long, broad
ovate, membranous, rarely downy beneath.
Bacemes and peduncles each reaching
ft. long
pedicels densely fascicled, or finally \ in.
bracteoles oblong, some^-f
times as long as the calyx.
Calyx ^-\ in.
Corolla redteeth short, deltoid.
VOL. II.
p
to

210

L.

dish or white, -f
base of the style.

in.

leguminos^;.

Pod 1^2

by - f

in.

Roxburgh describes

(J.
in.,

G. Baker.)

[Dolichos.

tipped with the hooked persistent

fully 13 cultivated varieties.

flowers large, pedicels exceeding the calyx,

2. D. bracteatus, Baker
keel broad subobtu.se, pod linear many-seeded.
;

Plains of Concan, Stocks.

Stipules % in., lanceolate, basifixed
leaflets
glabrous perennial twiner.
entire, membranous, glabrous, acute or obtuse, ^-f ft. long, and broad, the base deltoid.
Racemes long-peduncled, reaching a foot or more long bracts minute, linear-lanceopedicels \-^ in.
bracteoles firm, oblong or roundish, as long as the
late, deciduous
Calyx \ in., glabrous teeth deltoid, short. Corolla reddish, 1 in. long. Pod
calyx.
much recurved, 5-6 in. by in., 10-12-seeded.

A robust

late

Suege^. 2. BKacrotyloma, W. A. Style

round the stigma, not bearded down the edge.

minutely penicilPhaseolece and

filiform,

Connects

Galactiece.

DC. Prodr. ii. 398 leaflets entire, flowers 1-3 in

3. Z>. biflorus, Linn.
the axils of the leaves, calyx-teeth long setaceous, corolla yellow, pod linear
downy 5-6-seeded. Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 313. D. uniflorus, Lam. DC. Prodr.
Johnia congesta, Date.
loc.cit.; Wall. Cat. 5538; W. $ A. Prodr. 248.
JGlycine uniflora, Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii.
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 23.
146, cum icone.
;

to Ceylon and Birma, ascending to 3000 ft. in Sikkim, sometimes

Distrib. Everywhere in tropics of Old World.
Annual, suberect (B. uniflorus) or lengthened out and twining (D. bifiorus), downy,
Stipules basifixed, \ in., lanceolate, scariose
leaflets, membranrarely glabrescent.
Flowers 1-3 togeous, ovate, acute, 1-2 in. long, at first finely pilose on the faces.
Calyx \ in., downy
ther, in the axils of the leaves, without a common peduncle.
Corolla -^| in. long; keel narteeth lanceolate- setaceous, much exceeding the tub9.
row, obtuse, rather shorter than the standard. Pod 1^2 in. by |- in., much recurved,
tipped with the persistent style.

Himalayas

cultivated.

leaflets entire, flowers

4. D. lance olatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5547
1-2 on a short common peduncle in the axils of the leaves, calyx-teeth shorter
than the tube, corolla reddish,
;

Birma

Prome

hills,

Wallich.

Stems very slender, wide-twining, with only a few short adpressed hairs. Stipules
minute, lanceolate leaflets 1-1 in. long, moderately firm, oblong, acute, with a few
adpressed hairs on both sides, narrowed to a rounded base. Pedicels shorter than the
Calyx under \ in.,
calyx bracteoles ovate, persistent, rather shorter than the calyx.
Corolla 3 times the calyx; petals subequal; keel distinctly incurved at the
silky.
Style rather thickened upwards, so that it connects the two sections.
tip, subobtuse.
;

Pod unknown.
5.'3>. ciliatuB, Klein; DC. Prodr. ii. 398; leaflets entire conspicuously ciliated on the edge, flowers 3-6 in subsessile cymes, calyx-teeth setaceous,
corolla yellow, pod linear-oblong glabrous 3-4-seeded.
Wall. Cat. 5558 ; W.
D. prostratus, Kcenig Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 310.
8r A. Prodr. 249.
'

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

,
Boot tuberous, perennial. Stems slender, firm, clothed with short spreading deciduous
grey hairs. Stipules small, nervose, lanceolate, basifixed leaflets oblong, rounded at
the base, 1-3 in. long, with only a few adpressed hairs at first on the faces. Pedicels
Calyx under
shorter than the calyx bracteoles minute, ovate, nervose, persistent.
lower teeth lanceolate-setaceous.
Corolla in. standard as in Clitoria, much
\ in.
Plains of the


Dolichos.~\

l.

leguminosj:.

exceeding the wings and keel.

the style.

Pod 1-1^

in.

(J.

by ^

G. Baker.)
in.,

211

tipped with the hooked base of

G. !5>. falcatus, Klein \ DC. Pi'odr. ii. 398; leaflets entire or slightly
3-lobed, flowers 2-8 on a short common peduncle, calyx-teeth deltoid, corolla
yellow, pod linear gtobrous 6-8-seeded. Ro.vb. Fl. Ind. iii. 311
W. 8f A.
Prodr. 249. D. trilobatus. Wall. Cat. 6541, non Linn.
;

Himalayas, from Kujiaon

Peninsula and Ceylon.

to

Khasia, ascending to 7500

Plains of

ft.

Western

Root tuberous, perennial. Stems wide-twining, very slender, pilose or glabrescent.

Stipules small, lanceolate, reflexed, persistent
leaflets membranous, 1-3 in. long,
ovate, acute, entire or obtuse, 3-lobed, finely pilose on the faces, or nearly glabrescent.
Peduncles 1-2 in. long, sometimes scarcely any; pedicels ^-^ in.
Calyx glabrous,
;

xyider

length

Corolla twice the calyx, its petals nearly equal in

teeth very short.
Pod substipitate, 2-3 in. by f in., slightly recurved.
keel broad, obtuse.

in.

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

A. Prodr. 249, is a plant from the Western Peninsula,

of which the flower is unknown and of which the place is therefore doubtful. It has
small ovate acute entire leaflets, many-flowered distinctly- peduncled racemes, and a
narrow linear nearly straight glabrous many-seeded pod 3-4 in. long.
D. sub^equalis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5539, is another doubtful plant, of which
the flower is unknown, gathered by Wallich in Ava, which has been referred through
some confusion to Psopkocarpus palustris, from which it totally differs. It has slender
terete woody suberect stems, with short deflexed deciduous grey pubescence, caducous stipules, membranous stipellate leaflets with a few adpressed bristly hairs on both
sides, the end one oblong subobtuse or cuspidate 4-5 in. long, many-flowered shortpeduncled racemes and a 2-3-seeded ligulate flattish pod f-1 in. by 5- in., thinly clothed
with long adpressed grey hairs, faintly depressed between the seeds.

D. subcarnosus,

78.

PSOPKOCARPUS, Neck.

Twining herbs, with large tuberous roots. Leaves 3-foliolate, stipellate ; stiFloivers rather large, lilac.
pules fastened above the base.
Calyx teeth shorter
Corolla much exserted, the petals equal
than the tube, the two upper connate.
Stamens monadelphous, the
in length
keel much incurved, but not beaked.
Ovary substipitate, many-ovuled ;
upper free downwards anthers uniform.
style long, much recurved, flattened laterally, densely bearded round the termiPod square, with a distinct wing to each angle, distinctly septate
nia.
1
m the seeds. Distkeb. Species 3-4, all tropical in the Old World.
;

1. P. tetra^onololms, DC. Prodr. ii. 403

leaflets entire ovate membranous, -racemes few-flowered, pedicels elongated, bracteoles much shorter than
yx, pod large glabrous.
W. 8f A. Prodr. 252; Hassle. PI. Jav. Par. 388.
Ddlichos ovatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5540. D. tetragonolobus, Linn. Roxb.
Fl. Ind. iii. 305.'
;

Prome and Martaban, Wallich, perhaps only introduced.

Cultivated elsewhere.
Root large, annual. Stems weak, wide-twining, glabrous. Stipules lanceolate each
way from the attachment leaflets broad, ovate, acu^e, 3-6 in. long, 2-6 in. broad,
glabrous, base subdeltoid.
Racemes lax peduncles - ft. pedicels geminate, as long
as the calyx
bracteoles ovate, ^ in.
side-teeth oblong
Calyx ^ in., glabrous
lowest shorter, deltoid.
Pod^-% ft. by 1 in., the wings ^\ in. broad, usually much
;

crisped and toothed.

p2

212

l.

lecuminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Psophocarpus.

2. P. palustris, .Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 420 ; leaflets ovate entire or
lobe J, racemes many-flowered, pedicels short, bracteoles as long as the calyx, pod
P. longesmall glabrous. Dolichos suffultus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5564.
P. palmettoriun, Guill. $ Per. Fl.
lwdtuiculatus, Ilassk. PI. Jav. Par. 388.
Diesinpa scandens, Endl. Atakt. \, t. 1-2.
Seneg. 'I'l'l.

Cultivated in the tropics of both hemispheres a native of Africa.

Stems slender, glabrous, firmer than in the last. Stipules similar leaflets broad
ovate or roundish, 2-4 in. long, acute, sometimes with two distinct obtuse lobes in the
lower half. Racemes long-peduncled, \-^ ft. long, dense upwards bracteoles oblong,
Pod 2-4 in. long, ^-f in. broad, includglabrous, quite enveloping the young calyx.
ing the wings, 4-8-seeded.
;

We have what may prove a third species from Assam, Masters, with pubescent
stems and leaves, entire lanceolate subcoriaceous prominently- veined leaflets 4-5 in.
long, short sessile racemes, a straight square 6-8-soecled pod 2-2^- in. long, with much
less prominent wings than in the preceding, the faces densely clothed, with persistent
Flowers, stipules, and bracteoles unknown.
firm short spreading grey hairs.
79.

ATYLOSIA,

W. &

A.

Herbs or shrubs, erect or twining. Leaves 3-foliolate, sometimes subdigitate,

Calyx
Flowers axillary or racemed.
often exstipellate, gland-dotted beneath.
Corolla
teeth distinct, longer or shorter than the tube, the lowest the longest.
Stamens diamore or less exserted, marcescent or caducous keel not beaked.
Ovary sessile; ovules 3 or more; style filiform,
delphous ; anthers uniform.
Pod linear or oblong, turgid, marked with
incurved, glabrous, stigma capitate.
transverse lines between the seeds, which have a conspicuous divided strophiole.
Distrib. Species about 20, spread from India to Australia and Mauritius.
;

Differs

from Cajanus mainly by

Stjbgen.
developed.
* Erect.

tween the

1.

Atylia,

Flowers in

its arillate seeds.

Benth.

Petals marcescent, remaining

or stalked pairs.

sessile

Pod

till

the pod

is

not distinctly lineate be-

seeds.

1. A. Candollei, W. 8? A. Prodr. 257', petiole short, leaflets obovateoblong or oblanceolate densely silky reticulato-venose beneath, pairs of flowers
Wight Ic. t. 754.
usually stalked, corolla large, pod 3-4-seeded densely silky.
A. major, W. <y A. Prodr. 257. Oollaea trinervia, DC. Mem. Leg. p. 247, t. 41
Prodr. ii. 240
Wall. Cat. 5571. Odonia trinervia, Spreng. Syst. Svppl. 279.
Rhynchosia Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5500.
;

Nilghiris and Ceylon, up to 4000 ft.

erect shrub, with rigid sulcate branches, densely clothed with grey or brownish
Stipules lanceolate, minute, silky, caducous
subpatent hairs.
petioles 3 ^ in.
leaflets very thick and coriaceous, almost digitate, 2-3 times as long as broad,
shortly pubescent above, the underside with the veins and veinlets in relief, densely
clothed with thick grey or brownish silky pubescence, usually obtuse, the end one
1-3 in. long. Peduncles rigid, erecto-patent, of the lower pairs of flowers 1-2 in.
long, of the upper often suppressed bracteoles oblong, caducous pedicels \-\ in.
Calyx ^-f in., densely silky; lowest tooth linear, twice the tube, the others lanceoCorolla reddish, 1 in. long limb of standard oblong keel with a short obtuse
late.
Pod straight, oblong, 1-1^ in. by in., densely clothed with soft short spreadbeak.
ing grey or pale brown silky pubescence.

An

2.

A. greminifiora,

Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

xiii.

185

petiole produced,

;;

Atylosia.]

l.

leguminostE.

leaflets orbicular thinly liispid

small,

(J. G. Baker.)

213

on both surfaces, flowers in stalked

pairs, corolla

pod hispid 5-7-seeded.

Western

India, Dalzell.

ci
with spreading fulvous hairs. Petiole 3 in.
3-nerved, pellocido-punctate, with scattered golden glands,
l\-2h in. long; stipules acuminate from a broad auricled base. Calyx tomentose
teeth "acuminate, twice as long as the tube. Corolla in. long. Pod almost membranEx Dalz.
ous, rounded at both ends, 1-1 ^ i Q by in., its hairs bulbous at the base.

Branches suberect, flexuose, cloth-

membranous,

leaflets

loc. cit.

3.

A. lineata, W.

8r

A. Prodr. 258

petiole short, leaflets obovate-oblong

pilose beneath not reticulato-venose, pairs of flowers not peduhcled, corolla small
3 times the calyx, pod 2-3-seeded finely pilose. Cajanus lineatus, Grah. in
Cat. 5578.

Wall.

Atylosia Lawii,

Wight

Ic.

t.

93; Dalz.

Gibs.

Bomb.

Fl. 74.
Hills of the Western Peninsula.
An erect shrub, with long straight sulcate branchlets, densely clothed with short
Stipules minute, setaceous
leaflets subcoriaceous,
petiole ^| in.
grey pubescence.
greenish and thinly pilose above, densely shortly grey-downy below, triplinerved,
nearly digitate, obtuse, the end one f-ltj in. long. Pedicels as long, as the calyx. Calyx
| in., densely downy teeth deltoid-cuspidate, the lowest as long as the tube. Cokeel obtuse. Pod oblong, straight,
in. by | in., thinly
rolla twice the calyx
clothed with fine spreading grey hairs.
;

^~

petiole short, leaflets oblanceolate silky on

4. A. sericea, Benth. MSS.
both surfaces especially beneath, pairs of flowers not peduncled, corolla small 3
times the calyx, pod small densely pilose 2-seeded.
;

Concan, Stocks, Law, Ritchie.

An erect shrub, with long straight terete branches, with many grooves, densely
Stipules setaceous, subpersisclothed with fine short whitish subpatent silky hairs.
petiole ^-1 in.
leaflets flexible, moderately thick, subdigitate, 6-8
tent, \~^ in.
;

times as long as broad, subacute, triplinerved, persistently grey-silky, 1-2 in. long.
Calyx in., silvery teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
CoPedicels very short.
keel with a short obtuse beak.
Pod oblong, in. long, densely softly
rolla f in., red
persistently grey-downy.
;

** Twiners with flowers in lax peduncled racemes and distinctly lineatc

A. mollis,

Benth. PI. Jungh. 243 branches and leaves beneath shortly

densely grey-downy, stipules minute caducous, end-leaflet short-stalked, pod perCollsea mollis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5574.
sistently grey-canescent.
C. cineDolichos reticulatus, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
rascens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5575.
5552. D. crassus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5553. D. blandus, Grah. in Wail. Cat.
5568. Dunbaria Horsfieldii, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 179.
Atylosia glandulosa,
Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 13, 185. Cajanus glandulosus, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
Flora, 73.
5.

Himalayas, from G-arwhal and

can, Stocks, Dalzell.
lippine isles.

Kumaon

Ava, Wallich.

to Nipal, ascending to 5-6000 ft.

ConPegu, McClelland. Distreb. Malay and Phi-

Branches firm, slender, terete, glabrescent. Petioles 1-2 in. ; leaflets coriaceous,
shortly pilose, greenish above, densely persistently grey-downy beneath, finally reticulato-venose, distinctly stipellate, the end one 2-4 in. long, roundish-obovate, cuspidate,
spathulately narrowed to a rounded base. Racemes 2-3 in. long, lax, short-peduncled
pedicels geminate, \- \ in. ; bracteoles large, roundish, reddish, forming a conspicuous
lowest tooth lanCalyx f in., finely grey-downy
tuft before the racemes expand.
Corolla yellow, twice the calyx.
Pod straight, 1-2 in.
ceolate, as long as the tube.
;


214

L t leguminoSvE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Atylosia.

by

in., 4-9-seeded, rounded at both ends.

Dolickos blandus is an imperfect flowering specimen, Without locality, which resembles this closely as far as it goes, but has
a much smaller corolla and shorter calyx-teeth.

6.

A.

downy,

villosa, Benth. MSS.

stipules

branches and leaves below thinly greyminute caducous, end-leaflet short-stalked, pod densely clothed

with long spreading

Lower

hairs.

alt. 4000 ft., Hook, fil.

only from two flowerless examples, which as far as they go differ from
the last principally in the vestiture of the pod.
Leaflets subcoriaceous, obovate-cusPod 1-1 \ in. long, in.
pidate; petiole in.
Pedicels decurved, finally \ in. long.
broad, 5-6-seeded, densely clothed with persistent fine spreading pale brown silky
hairs, rounded at both ends, tipped with the persistent pilose base of the style.

hills of

Sikkim,

Known

branches thinly
7. A. kulnenszs, Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186
clothed with fine spreading hairs, leaflets subglabrous, the end one short-stalked,
stipules membranous sub]>ersistent, pod clothed with long spreading hairs.
Oajanus kulnensis, Dalz. in Kew. Journ. ii. 264 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 72.
;

Cokcan, near Kulna, in the Warree Country, Stocks, Law, Dalzell.

Branches firm, slender, terete, glabreseent. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, -| in. ,petiole 1-2 in.
leaflets thin, but firm, green on both sides, with a few obscure hairs on
the 'ribs below, scabrous with glands above, the end one obovate-rhomboid cuspidate,
H-3 in. long stipellae subulate, persistent. Racemes lax, short-peduneled, few-flowered
pedicels f-4- in.
bracteoles round, enclosing the buds.
Calyx ^ in., finely downy,
lowest tooth linear-acuminate, exceeding the tube.
Corolla half as long again as the
calyx.
Pod l in. by |-^ in., 5-6-seeded, marked with distinct oblique depressed
;

lines.

-^

A. grandiflora,

Benth. MSS. branches minutely downy, stipules minute caducous, leaflets membranous glabrous the end one long-stalked, pod
clothed with fine spreading silky hairs.
8.

Kumaon

Bagesar,

alt.

3000

ft.,

Strachey and Winterbottom.

Upper Garwhal,

Madden.
Branches terete, firm, slender, glabreseent. Petioles 2-3 in. leaflets thin, green
on both sides, minutely hairy on the ribs beneath, the end one obovate-cuspidate,
rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long; petiolule | in. long stipellse distinct, setaceous.
Racemes lax, few-flowered; pedicels finally |-i in., recurved. Calyx |-| in., finely
downy lowest tooth linear-setaceous, 3-4 times the tube the others lanceolate. Corolla slightly exceeding the calyx.
Pod H-2 in. by ^ in., 5-6-seeded.
;

Sitbgen. 2.
developes.

Cantharospermum, W. $A.

Petals falling before the pod

* Leaflets subdigitate.

A. nivea, Benth. PL Jungli. 243 ; shrubby, erect, leaflets obovate obtuse

rigidly coriaceous white-canescent beneath, racemes few-flowered short-peduncled, calyx-teeth short, corolla much exserted, pod 4-6-seeded canescent.
Oa9.

janus niveus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5581.

Birma
Very
ing.

Prome and near Zeranghuen, Wallich.

with which Wight and Arnott join

like A. albicans,

Branches slender, woody,

terete, grey-canescent.

it,

but suberect, not twin-

Petiole 1 in.

leaflets exstipel-

rounded at both ends, thinly grey-canescent above,

densely beneath. Racemes falling short of the leaves, subcorymbose pedicels cernuous, \-^ in.
Calyx -1 in., finely downy; all the teeth deltoid.
Corolla 4 times as
long as the calyx; keel obtuse. Pod \-\\ in. by \ in., distinctly lineate, firm,
rounded at both ends.
late, rigidly coriaceous,

in. long,


Atylosia.]

leguminos^.

l.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

215

10. A. albicans, Benth. PL Jungh. 243 a shrubby twiner, leaflets obovate

obtuse or subacute rigidly coriaceous white-canescent beneath, racemes lax shortpeduncled, calyx-teeth "short, corolla much exserted, pod 5-6-seeded thinly
Cantharospermum albicans, W. 8f A. Prodr. 256, excl. syn. Cacanescent.
jauus albicans, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5582. 0. Wightianus, Qrah. in Wall. Cat.
5583.
;

Hills of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Stipules minute,
Branchlets slender, thinly canescent, with many grooves.
caducous petiole 1-2 in. leaflets 1-2 in. long, densely finely persistently whitecanescent beneath, not reticulato- venose, greenish and obscurely canescent above,
much narrowed in the lower half, the base subdeltoid, or a little rounded. Eacemes -A-12-flowered, often corymbose, usually shorter than the leaves; bracts small,
Calyx -| in., thinly canesround, silvery on the back, caducous pedicels -^-\ in.
Corolla 3 times as long as
cent; lowest tooth lanceolate, tmppr oblong or deltoid.
the calyx. Pod 1-1^ in. by U$ in., straight, distinctly lineate, narrowed to the
base, beaked with the base of the style.
*

11.

A. elong*ata,

Benth. PI. Jungh. 243; a slender herbaceous twiner,

membranous obovate-cuspidate obscurely hairy beneath, racemes 2-4flowered long-peduncled, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod 3-4-seeded
leaflets

Dolichos elongatus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5543.

glabreseent.

Nipal, Khasia and Assam, ascending to 6000 ft.

Stems very slender, wide-twining, clothed with fine spreading grey hairs. Stipules
minute, caducous; petiole 1-4 in.; leaflets greenish on both sides, paler and inconspicuously pilose on the ribs below, always pointed, 114 in. long, narrowed from the
middle to a rather rounded base, exstipellate. Peduncles 1-2 in.; pedicels as long as
Calyx -| in., densely pubescent lower tooth setaceous, twice the tube,
the calyx.
the others similar but shorter.
Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Pod oblong,
| in. long by half as broad, narrowed to the base, distinctly lineate, beaked, clothed at
first with short spreading hairs.
;

12. A. rug-osa, W. fy A. Prodr. .257

a woody twiner, leaflets thick obovate obtuse densely grey-canescent reticulato-venose below, flowers usually in
stalked pairs, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod 3-4-seeded densely
Rhynchosia velutina, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5501.
canescent.
;

Nilghiris and Ceylon, ascending to 6000 ft.

Branches slender, sulcate, densely shortly grey-downy.
Stipides minute, ovate,
caducous; petiole --1^ in. leaflets coriaceous, flexible, rugose on both sides, rounded
at the base, 1-2 in. long, grey, thinly canescent above, densely persistently grey-canescent below, with the veinlets in relief, exstipellate. Peduncles ^-1^ in., the flowers
rarely 4 to each pedicels as long as the calyx bracts small, round, thick, caducous.
Calyx ^-| in., densely canescent lower tooth linear, exceeding the tube, the others
lanceolate.
Cvrolla half as long again as the calyx.
Pod f-1 in. by f in., densely
grey-canescent, rounded at both ends.
;

A.scarabseoides, Benth. PL Jungh. 243 a herbaceous twiner, leafobovate-oblong subcoriaceous downy beneath, corymbs few-flowered shortpeduncled, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod 4-6-seeded clothed with
fine spreading hairs. Dolichos scarabeeoides, Linn. Sp. 1020. Oajanus scarabaeoides, Thouars
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5580. Rhynchosia scarabeeoides, DC. Prodr.
ii. 387.
R. biflora, DC. loc. tit. Oantharospermum pauciflorum, W. fy A. Prodr.
13.

lets

255; Dak.

Gibs.

Bomb.

Fl. 73.

Universally spread in the plains throughout India, reaching 5-6000 ft. in the
West Himalayas. Distrib. China, Malaya, Mauritius, Madagascar.
A biennial, with slender trailing or twining densely grey-downy stems. Stipules
minute, caducous petiole ^-1 in. leaflets 1^ in. long, flexible, twice as long as broad,
;


216

l.

legumtnosje.

(J.

f
;

G. Baker.)

[Atyhsia.

exstipellate, obtuse or subacute, triplinerved in the lower half, thinly grey-eanescent

above, densely beneath, -with usually only the main nerves raised. Peduncles short,

densely pubescent, 2-6-flowered pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx \-\ in., densely
grey-silky teeth linear, the lowest twice as long as the tube. Corolla yellow, ^--f in.
keel abruptly incurved at the tip.
Pod straight, distinctly lineate, f-1 in. by \ in.,
C. nervosum, Eoyle MSS.,
clothed with fine spreading grey or pale brown silky hairs.
is a form with thick leaves, with the veinlets raised on the under side.
The descriptions of Bolichos scarabceoides and medicagineus in Roxburgh, Flora Indica, iv. 315,
have been accidentally transposed.
;

** Petiolule
of the end

leaflet elongated.

A. platycarpa, Benth. PL

Jungh. 243

a herbaceous twiner, leaflets

surfaces finely pilose, flowers 1-2 peduncled, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod straight thinly pilose
5-7-seeded.
Cantharospermum ? distans, Royle MSS.
14.

exstipellate

membranous roundish both

Central Himalayas, Garwral,

&c., alt.

1-8000

ft.

Branches very slender, climbing or trailing, densely clothed with/ short spreading
grey hairs. Petioles 1-4 in stipules minute, linear, caducous leaflets ro\ind-cuspidate, 1-3 in, long and broad, greenish on both surfaces, paler beneath
petiolule |
in. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, suppressed at the end of the shoofe, where "the
leaves also are much reduced pedicels as long as the calyx.
Calyx f-^ in., densely
pilose; teeth linear-setaceous.
Pjd flat, 1-lf in. by ^ in., distinctly lineate, clothed
with fine short deciduous spreading hairs.
;

15.

rostrata, Baker

woody

climber, branches glabrescent^eaflets

exstipellate roundish subcoriaceous obscurely canescent below, flowers in'long-

peduncled lax racemes, calyx-teeth short, corolla

recurved 8-10-seeded.
Coxcan,
Branches

much

exserted;

pod

bristly

Stocks.

minutely downy. Stipules minute, caducous petiole

broad as long, 3-4 in. each way, green and glabrous above, narrowed to a deltoid point, suddenly narrowed* in the lower third or quarter petiolule
1 in.
Racemes overtopping the leaves, the flowers much the most showy in the
genus; pedicels^fin. Calyx ^ in., broadly campanulate, with only a few deciduous
bristles, all the teeth shorter than the tube.
Corolla 1 in. long; keel broad, beaked
limb of standard 1 \ in. broad. Pod linear, distinctly lineate, 2^-3 in. long, | in.
broad, narrowed at the tip, thinly clothed with stiff grey bristles with bulbous bases.
1-3

in.

firm, terete, at first

leaflets as

A. barbata,

Baker-, a woody climber, branches densely pubescent,

roundish stipellate subcoriaceous thinly shortly pubescent, flowers in
long-peduncled racemes, calyx-teeth long, corolla little exserted, pod straight
densely pilose 5-6-seeded. A. goensis, Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186. Dunbaria barbata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 242.
D. calycina, Miq. Fl. Inch Bat. i. 180.
Dolichos barbatus, Wall. Cat. 5548. D. ornatus, Wall. Cat. 5561. Ehynchosia
vestita, Wall. Cat. 5505.
Cajanus goensis, Dalz. in Keiv Journ. ii. 264 Dalz.
16.

leaflets

Gibs.

Bomb.

Fl. 73.

Assam, Martaban, Tenasserim, Concan. Distrib. Java.

Branches firm, densely clothed at first with short spreading grey pubescence. Stipules \ in., lanceolate, caducous petiole 1-4 in. leaflets 3-4 in. broad and long,
cuspidate, broadly rounded at the base, green above, paler and greyer beneath, both
surfaces minutely permanently pubescent petiolule ^1 in. stipellae minute, setaceous.
Peduncles often overtopping the leaves racemes at first close, finally 4-6 in. long, the
rachis densely pilose bracts roundish or ovate, with a cusp, shaggy, exceeding the buds
pedicels ^-\ in.
Calyx ^ in., shaggy teeth lanceolate, exceeding the tube. Standard
half as long again as the calyx keel equalling the calyx in. broad. Pod 1^-2 in.
by | in., straight, densely clothed with long grey spreading hairs, narrowed to both
;

ends.

Cajanus.~\

l.

leguminosj:.

80.

(J.

G. Baker.)

CAJANUS,

An

217

DO.

Flowers racemed.

Calyx-tube cainerect shrub.

Leaves 3-foliolate.
teeth short.
Corolla much exserted, its petals equal in length
keel truncate. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, fewPod linear,
ovuled; style long, filiform, much upcurved, stigma capitate.

panulate

straight, narrowed at both ends, 3-5-seeded, torulose with oblique linear

Distrib. The only species.
depressions between the non-strophiolate seeds.

0. bicolor,
Syst. iii. 248 ; W. # A. Prodr. 256.
Oytisus Oajan,
0. flavus and bicolor, DC. Prodr. ii. 406.
Linn.-, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 325.
0. pseudo-cajan, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 119.
1.

C. indicus, Spreng.

Wall. Cat. 5577.

Rheede Hort. Mai.

vi. t. 13.

Wild? and

cultivated throughout our limits, ascending to 6000 ft. in the

Distrib. Everywhere in the tropics, probably native of the Old

Himalayas.
World.

An erect shrub, with slender sulcate grey-silky branchlets. Stipides minute,

lanceolate
leaflets 3, minutely stipellate, oblong-lanceolate, entire, subcoriaceous,
thinly silky above, densely beneath, indistinctly gland-dotted.
Flowers in sparse dispedicels
tinctly-peduncled corymbose racemes, often forming a terminal panicle
downy, 2-3 times the calyx. Calyx \ in. Corolla 3 times the calyx standard yellow,
(C flavus) or beautifully veined with red (C. bicolor). Pod 2-3 in. by ^ in., finely
downy, tipped with the lower half of the style.
;

&i.

Woody

DVNBARIA, W. & A.

herbaceous

climbers.
Leaves 3-foliolate, distinctly glanddotted beneath stipella; rarely present. Floivers racemose or axillary.
CalyxCorolla
teeth long and narrow, tV> lowest distinctly exceeding the others.
more or less exserted, marcescent or caducous
keel usually not beaked.
Stamens diadelphous, anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile or stalked, manyovuled style inflexed, filiform beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, flat, not
marked with depressed lines between the substrophiolate seeds. Distrib.
Three more species, reaching North Australia and Japan.

or

Subgen". 1. Euduxibaria, Benth.

the pod reaches full size.

ferrugrinea, W.

Corolla large, marcescent, lasting

till

A. Prodr. 258; stems closely pubescent,

thick as broad as long densely pubescent
beneath, standard exceeding the wings and keel, pod puberulent. Collgfia
yenosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5573.
C. gibba, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5572, B.C.
Dunbaria latifolia, W. 8f A. Prodr. 258.
1.

ID.

stipules

minute caducous,

Hills of

8?

leaflets

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

woody

twiner, with slender stems

and densely downy branchlets and

petioles.

Leaflets roundish-deltoid, entire, coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, glabrescent or thinly downy
above, clothed with soft grey or ferruginous pubescence beneath
stipellse sometimes
present.
Racemes lax, many-flowered, distinctly peduncled pedicels downy, gemi;

nate, |-f in. ; bracts large, boat-shaped, soon falling. Calyx

densely downy
|--f in.,
lower tooth linear, as long as the tube, the others lanceolate.
Corolla \-\\ in. long,
;

broad, exceeding the wings and keel. \-~% in. Pod sessile, straight,
f-^ in., 4-5-seeded, tipped with the hooked base of the style.

the standard

l-2

in.

by

1 in.

2. D. Heynei, W. c/ A. Prodr. 258

stems thinly clothed with fine
spreading hairs, stipules membranous persistent, leaflets thin twice as long as
;

;;

218

l.

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Dunbaria.

broad subglabrous, petals subequal, pod clothed with fine spreading hairs.
Oollsea gibba, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5572 A.
Dunbaria oblonga, Am. in Nov. Act.
Nat. Cur. xviii. 333.
Hills of Mysore and Ceylon, up to 3000 ft.
A woody climber, -with slender terete glabrescent stems and petioles. Stipules
lanceolate, \- g- in. leaflets green on both surfaces, with a few minute deciduous hairs,
membranous, the end one nearly sessile, obovate-oblong, cuspidate, 3-6 in. long
stipellae minute, caducous.
Racemes few-flowered, lax, distinctly peduncled pedicels
\-\ in. bracteoles large, oblong, caducous. Calyx ^-f in., finely downy lowest
Corolla twice the calyx standard f in. broad
tooth acuminate, exceeding the tube.
keel subtruncate.
Pod 1^-2 in. by ^ in., straight, densely pilose at first, 4-5-seeded.
;

JBenth. MSS. ; stems finely downy, stipules caducous,

twice as long as broad obscurely downy, standard exceeding the
wings and keel, pod clothed with fine spreading hairs.
3.

X>.

pulchra,

leaflets thin

Lower hills of Sikkim, 1-2000

A woody climber, with slender

ft.,

Hook.fil.

terete glabrescent branches.

Leaflets

membranous,

green, glabrescent above, greyish -puberulent beneath, the end one oblong, narrowed
to a rounded base, and a long point, distinctly petioled, 3-4 in. long, stipellate.
Racemes few-flowered, lax, distinctly peduncled pedicels \~^ in. bracteoles large,
navicular, caducous.
Calyx finely downy, f in. long lower tooth setaceous, 2-3
Corolla 1-1| in. long limb of
times the tube, the others much shorter, lanceolate.
;

Pod

standard round.

Stjbgen.

as in the last.

Xthyncolobium,

2.

JBenth.

Corolla small, caducous,

little

exserted.

stems filiform, leaflets subcoriaceous ligulate4.

T>. debilis, Baker
oblong obtuse 3-4 times as long as broad, flowers solitary in the axils of the
;

leaves,

pod

sessile glabrous.

Khasia Mts..

4-5000 ft., Hook. fil. $ Thomson, Lobb.

with very slender finely downy stems and distant nodes.

alt.

A twining herb,

Stipules

minute, setaceous, persistent; petiole \-^ in.; leaflets grey-green, thinly canescent
above, densely so beneath, prominently nerved, the end one short-petioled, rounded at
both ends, 1-1 \ in. long. Pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx \ in., grey-downy
Corolla yellowish, half as long again as
teeth linear, the lowest as long as the tube.
the calyx. Pod recurved, glabrescent, 1^-2 in. by \ in., 8-10-seeded.
;

5. '& censpersa, Benth. PI. Jungh. 241 ; stems filiform, leaflets membranous round-rhomboid, flowers 1-2 together in the axils of the leaves usually
not peduncled, pod sessile glabrous. Dolichos conspersus, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5542. D. rhynchosioides, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 185. D. punctatus, W. fy A.
Prodr. 247. D. Finlaysonianus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5565. Atylosia punctata,
Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186.
Eastern Himalayas, tropical region Silhet and Assam.' Western Peninsula,
Wight. Prome, Wallich. Distrib. Malaya, China, N. Australia.
A twining herb, with very slender finely-downy stems. Stipules minute, linear

petiole 1 in.

leaflets thin, flexible, green, glabrescent above, pale

green, obscurely

downy, distinctly gland-dotted beneath, not stipellate end one distinctly petioled,
1-1^ in. long and broad, subacute. Pedicels very short; flowers rarely 3-4 on a short
peduncle.
Calyx \ in., grey-downy; lowest tooth as long as the tube. Corolla
Pod linear, 1^-2 in. by ^ in., recurved,
reddish, f-i in.
keel distinctly beaked.
6-8-seeded.The Japanese Atylosia subrhomhea and Javan Dolichos truncatus of
Miquel both'belong to this section of Dunbaria, and are near this species.
;

stems
6. D. podocara, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 185
herbaceous, leaflets broad ovate acuminate, flowers in pairs in the axils of the
leaves on a very short peduncle, pod puberulous distinctly stalked.
;

Dunbaria.]

l.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

219

Tenasskrjm, Kurz.

perennial twiner, with fine yellowish pubescence. Petiole -1 in. leaflets

Calyx \ in... with adpressed
puberulous, pale beneath. Pedicels pubescent, in.
Corolla middle-sized.
Pod 1^-2 in. by
teeth lanceolate.
yellowish pubescence
in., flat, acuminate, many-seeded stalk in. Ex Kurz loc. cit.
;

woody slender, leaflets thin broadcircinalis, Baker ;

7. X>.
ovate acute, flowers many in close subsessile racemes, pod distinctly stalked
Phaseolus circinalis, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
clothed with fine spreading hairs.
5594, ex parte. Atylosia circinalis, Benth. PI. Jungh. 24A.
steins

Mouxmein, Griffith. Tenasserim, Heifer. Assam, Wallich.

slender woody climber, with terete glabrescent branches,

finely grey-downy at
leaflets flexible, green, glabrescent above, finely
Stipules minute, caducous
grey-downy beneath, obscurely stipellate the end one acuminate, distinctly stalked,
Racemes 6-1 0-flowered,
1-li in. long and broad, broadly rounded at the base.
first.

Calyx % in. lowest,

shorter than the leaves; pedicels short, densely grey-downy.
Corolla little exserted keel with a recurved
tooth lanceolate, as long as the tube.
beak. Pod incurved, 2-3 in. by in., 8-10-seeded, with a stalk \^ in. long.
The Wallichian specimen includes the pod of a true Phaseolus.
;

82.

CYLISTA,

Ait.

Flowers racemed.

climbing shrub.
Calyx-tube campanulate
teeth scariose and persistent, the lowest much the largest boatCorolla enclosed in
shaped, the two side ones smaller than the two upper.
the calyx, the petals equal in length keel much incurved, truncate.
Stamens
diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, 1-ovuled style long, filiform,
stigma capitate. Pod small, oblique, oblong, enclosed in the calyx. Distrib.
The only species. Differs from Bhynchosia only by its peculiar calyx.
Leaves 3-foliolate.

1. C. scariosa, Ait.; DC. Prodr. ii.,410: Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 92;

Fl.Jnd. iii. 320; Wall. Cat. 5586; W. 8? A. Prodr. 259; Wight Ic. t. 1597;

Dalz.

8f

Bomb. Fl.

Gibs.

74.

Woods

of Concan, Deccan, Canara, and Orissa.

woody twiner, with slender finely downy branches.
Leaflets minutely
stipellate, subcoriaceous, ovate or subrhomboidal, acute, 2-4 in. long, thinly greydowny above, densely downy below. Flowers in copious distinctly-peduncled lax or
dense racemes bracts large, membranous, ovate, caducous pedicels short, densely
pubescent.
Corolla yellowish-red, \ in. long.
C
scariose conspicuously veined lower lip 1 in. broad.

83.

ERIOSEKA, DO.

Shrubs or herbs, mostly suberect, with 1-3-foliolate leaves. Flowers raaxillary.

Calyx campanulate teeth 5, as long as the tube.
Corolla
distinctly exserted
limb of standard roundish, auricled at the base wings and
slightly beaked keel shorter.
Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary
sessile, 2-ovuled
style filiform, glabrous, stigma capitate.
Pod oblong, turgid,

cemed or

1-2-seeded seeds oblique, the funiculus attached to the extremity of a linear

hilum.
Disteib. Species about 50, mostly Trop. African and American.
;

1.

Don

E. chinense,

Prodr. 241.
Wall. Cat. 5504.

Vogel, PI. Meyen. 31.

Crotalaria tuberosa, Hamilt. in
Rhynchosia virgata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5503. R. Grahami,
Pyrrotrichia tuberosa, W. c/ A. Prodr. 238.

Himalayas from Kumaon and Gurwhal

to

Khasia and Assam, ascending

to


220

l.

leguminos^;.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Bhynchosia.

ft.
Ceylon, Walker.
Pegu, McClelland.
Distrib.
Malacca, Griffith.
China, Philippines, N. Australia.
Boot a small woody perennial tuber. Stems 1-2 ft., slender, erect, woody, little
branched, densely pubescent.
Stipules linear, persistent; leaflets short-petioled,
simple, linear-ligulate, 1-2 in. long, subcoriaceous, greenish with a few adpressed
Flowers 1-^-2,
hairs above, glaucous, densely grey-canescent, brown on the ribs beneath.
short -peduncled, in leaf-axils.
Calyx ^ in., densely pilose. Corolla twice the
calyx, yellowish, purple-black when dried.
Pod oblong, f in., densely pubescent.

6000

84.

Twining or

RHYNCKOSIA, Lour.

Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, gland-dotted

absent stipules and bracts caducous. Floweis
axillary or racemed.
Calyx-tube short; teeth equalling or often much exceeding
it, usually not accrescent, slightly so in Phyllomatia, the upper often more or
keel incurved, not distinctly
Corolla included or exserted
less connate.
Ovary subsessile, usually
anthers uniform.
beaked. Stamens diadelphous
2-ovuled style long, filiform, much incurved, stigma capitate. Pod round or
oblong, flattish or turgid, usually continuous between the seeds, the hilum
Distkib. Species
parallel with the sutures and funiculus centrical upon it.
about 80, spread everywhere in the tropics and reaching the Cape and United

beneath

erect herbs or shrubs.

stipellse present or

States.

Calyx-teeth broad and marcescent,

SuBG7::r. 1. r?iiylIomatia, W. fy A.
but not so excessively enlarged as in Cylista, in which Graham placed the species.
Seeds with a large grooved white waxy arillus, as in Atylosia.
pedicels distinct solitary distant,
1. St. rafescens, DC. Prodr. ii. 387
calyx-iobes narrowed to an obtuse point, pod globose one-seeded.
W. fy A.
Glycine rufescens, Willd. Nov. Act.
Prodr. 239; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 189.
Per. 1803, p. 222. G. pondicheriensis, Spreny. Syst. iii. 196. Cylista suaveoCyanospermum javanicum, Miq. Flor. Ind.
lens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5587.
Bat. i. 167. Lespedeza indica, Spreny. Syst. iii. 202 ; W. # A. Prodr. 231.
Hallia trifoliata, Roth Nov. Sp. 352. Flemingia Ilothiana, DC. Prodr. ii. 351.
;

Plains of Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Dacca, Clarke. Khasia, Griffith.

Distrib. Java.
Suberect, shrubby, with long trailing shoots, clothed with fine short grey pubesstipules minute, caducous
leaflets subPetioles erecto-patent, 1-2 in.
cence.
coriaceous, minutely stipellate, ovate or oblong, 1-3 in. long, acute, rounded at the
Bacemes nearly sessile,
base, minutely pubescent, the end one distinctly stalked.
Calyx downy, in. deep, cut down
laxly 2-6-flowered; pedicels | \ in., cernuous.
Corolla not exserted.
nearly to the base into 5 subequal scariose lobes - in. broad.
Pod ^-f in. long, roundish, turgid, finely downy.
;

2. R. Keynei, W. c/ A. Prodr. 240 ; flowers scarcely pedicellate geminate or ternate, calyx-lobes lanceolate narrowed at the base, pod two-seeded
twice as long as broad. Cylista reticulata, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5584. R.
coodoorensis, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 297.

Plains of Mysore, Heyne. Nilghiris, Beddome.

Shrubby, with densely shortly grey-downy elongated slender branches. Stipules
minute, caducous; petiole 1-1^ in. leaflets oblong, acute, rounded at the base, subFlowers
coriaceous, minutely pubescent, the end one 2-3 in. long, distinctly stalked.
Calyx ^- in., downy
in short-peduncled 2-4-nate racemes of 1-2 distant clusters.
;

Rhynchosia.]

leguminosj:.

l.

G. Baker.)

(J.

lobes subacute, rounded at the base, -| in. broad.

in. long, obliquely lineate, minutely pubescent.

Stjbgen. 2.

Nomismia, W.

or acuminate calyx-teeth.

Sr A.
Seeds with a

'

Corolla included.

221

Pod oblong,

Trailing herbs with, narrow setaceous

waxy

arillus.

nummularia,

DC. Prodr. ii. 386 ; annual, leaflets green on both

It.
surfaces finely pubescent broader than long, racemes elongated few-flowered,
Wall. Cat. 5493.
Glycine
calyx-teeth as long as the tube, pod globose 1-seeded.
nummularia, Linn. Mant. 571. Nomismia nummularia, W. 8f A. Prod?: 237
3.

Wight

Ic.

t.

283.

Plains of the

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Stems trailing to a length of 2-3

Stipules minute, ovate; petiole 1-6

clothed with fine grey spreading hairs.

leaflets
subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. broad,
truncate or emarginate, glabrescent above, finely pubescent on the edge and lower surRacemes 2-6face, the end one distinctly-stalked, broadly deltoid at the base.
flowered, distinctly peduncled, equalling or exceeding the leaves pedicels geminate,
Calyx in. long, densely pubescent teeth lanceolate. Corolla
very short, cernuous.
Pod ^ in. each way, plicate, lenticular, clothed with fine deciduous hairs.
\ in.
ft.,

in.;

aurea, DC.

Prod?:

annual, leaflets green on both surfaces

racemes close many-flowered, calyx-teeth
3-4 times as long as the tube, pod globose 2-seeded. R. elongata, DC. loc.
cit.
R. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 5492 D. R. capitata, DC. P?'od?: loc. cit. Glycine
G. elongata, Roth. Nov. Sp. 347.
aurea, Willd. in Nov. Act. Per. iv. 1803, 18.
G. capitata, Heyne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 346. Dolichos rufescens, Grah. in Wall.
Nomismia aurea, W.fy A. Prodr. 237. N. capitata, W. $ A. Prodr.
Cat. 5544.
4.

II.

ii.

386

finely pubescent obovate-rhomboidal,

237

Wight

Ic.

295.

t.

Plains from the foot of the Himalayas to Ceylon.

Stems wide-trailing, very slender, clothed with fine spreading hairs. Stipules
petiole 1-3 in.
leaflets subcoriaceous, as long as
minute, lanceolate, caducous
broad, ^-2 in. each way, glabrescent above, obscurely pilose below, broadly deltoid at
both ends, exstipellate, the end one distinctly stalked. Racemes short-peduncled,
6-30-flowered, about on a level with the leaves; pedicels | in., densely pubescent.
Calyx f-^ in., densely pubescent teeth setaceous, the lowest the longest. Corolla
bright yellow, scarcely exserted. Pod membranous, subcompressed, f| in. each way,
with a faint line between the seeds, thinly clothed with fine spreading hairs.
;

It. filipes, Benth. in Hohen. PI. Ind. Or. Exsic. No. 1184 ; perennial,
obovate white-canescent reticulato-venose beneath, flowers peduncled solitary, calyx-teeth as long as the tube, pod oblohg two-seeded.
5.

leaflets thick

Nilghiris.

Stems woody in the lower part, wide-trailing, slender, densely tomentose. Stipules
minute, lanceolate petiole under 1 in. leaflets coriaceous, very thick, -1 in. long,
greenish, obscurely canescent above, covered with persistent thick white tomentum
below, the end one short-stalked, obtuse, with a minute mucro, rounded at the base.
Flowers on thread-like pedicels |-1 in. long, with a persistent silky lanceolate bract
Calyx - in., densely silky; teeth lanceolate.
a short distance below the calyx.
Corolla little exserted. Pod ^ in. long by half as broad, finely downy, reticulatovenose, not lineate between the seeds.
;

Stjbgen.

3.

Ptycho centrum, W.

lanceolate acuminate calyx-teeth.

8p

A.

Seeds with a

Erect

waxy

undershrubs,

with

arillus.

6. It. suaveolens, DC. Prod?: ii. 387 ; leaves minutely downy, flowers
in peduncled pairs casually Solitary i calyx-teeth twice' the tube, corolla half as
long again as the calyx, pod minutely 'downy lineate externally septate in-

222

l.

leguminos^:.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Rhy?ichosia.

W. 8f A. Prodr. 240. Glycine suaveolens, Linn. Suppl. 326.

suaveolens, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5579.

Cajanus

ternally.

Plains of Ceylon and both sides of the "Western Peninsula.

An undershrub, 1-3 ft. high, with many stiff erecto-patent branches, clothed with
fine short grey pubescence, sometimes lengthened out and half twining at the ends.
petiole 1-2 in., stiffly erecto-patent
Stipules minute, lanceolate
leaflets almost
membranous, pale green, minutely downy, especially beneath, sometimes stipellate, the
end one roundish, with a long cusp, distinctly stalked, 1-3 in. long. Peduncles
pedicels shorter than the calyx.
slender, erecto-patent, downy, seldom above 1 in.
teeth linear-setaceous.
Pod oblong, -f in. long, turgid,
Calyx \ in., downy
;

2 -seeded.

leaves minutely downy, flowers in

7. R. cana, DC. Prodr. ii. 386
peduncled pairs, calyx-teeth exceeding the tube, corolla twice the calyx, pod
minutely downy neither lineate externally nor septate internally.
Wall. Cat.
5498
W.$A. Prodr. 240. Glycine cana, Willd. Sp. iii. 1063.
;

Plains of Ceylon, and both sides of the Western Peninsula.

dwarf undershrub, with very numerous erecto-patent slender shortly downy
leaflets obovate or oblong, obtuse
Petioles- 1-2 in. long, erecto-patent
branchlets.
or subacute, thicker in texture and deeper in colour than in the last, thinly pilose
above, densely or thinly grey downy beneath, 1-2 in. long, exstipellate, the end one
Peduncles slender, -1 in. pedicels shorter than the calyx, with
distinctly stalked.
Calyx in., densely silky. Pod
a small persistent lanceolate bract at the base.
oblong, |-f in. long, turgid, glabrescent, 2-seeded.

8. R. avensis, Benth. MSS. ; leaflets densely tomentose beneath, flowers

in peduncled racemes,, lowest calyx-tooth 3-4 times as long as the tube, pod
densely hairy lineate externally not septate internally.
Cajanus candicans,
Wall. Cat. 5576. Atylosia candicans, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2,
186.

Ava

Taongdong, Wallich. Pegu, near Rangoon, McClelland.

Branches slender, woody, virgate, densely clothed with grey tomentum. Stipules
caducous petiole 1-2 in., stiffly erecto-patent leaflets thick, coriaceous, greenish,
thinly canescent above, densely persistently thickly grey-canescent beneath, the end
one ovate-acuminate, 3-4 in. long. Peduncles equalling or exceeding the petioles
bracts lanceolate, caducous.
Calyx ^-f in., densely silky all the
pedicels ^-\ in.
;

teeth linear-setaceous, the lowest the longest.

oblong, firm, |-f in. long, 2-seeded.

Corolla not exserted.

Pod

oblique,

9. R. Eeddomei, Baker; leaflets argenteo-canescent on both sides,

flowers in subsessile congested racemes, calyx-teeth much exceeding the tube,
corolla not exserted.

Western Peninsula

Cudrape hills, Beddome.

with terete white-canescent branches. Petioles erecto-patent, ^-|
leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, subcoriaceous, thinly persistently
in.
argenteo-canescent above, densely so beneath, the veins conspicuously raised, the end
one short-stalked. Flowers in copious cymes from the axils of reduced leaves
Calyx f in., thinly silky. Corolla bright yellow.
pedicels much shorter than calyx.

An

erect shrub,

Pod

1-seeded, not seen fully mature, oblong, thinly canescent.

Cyanospermum, W. $

SuBGEisr. 4.
foliaceous calyx-teeth.

10.

Seeds without an

R. cyanosperma,

nospermum tomentosum, W.

A.

A.

woody twiner with broad

arillus.

Benth. in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Africa, ii. 218. CyaA. Prodr. 260 Wight III. t. 81 (84) ; Date. $

fy

Bhyncliosia.~]

Bomb. Fl.

Gibs.

55

l.

75.

319

Fl. Ind.

iii.

Mag.

1859.

Bot.

t.

leguminos^.

Baker.)

(J. G.

223

Cvlista tonientosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 221 ; Hort. Benq.

DC. Prodr. ii. 410 Wall. Cat. 5585. Cylista albiflora,
;

Jungles of the "Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Distbib. Mascaren

isles,

Zam-

besi-land.

robust woody climber, with stems clothed with short grey or brown pubescence.
Leaflets subcoriaceous, flexible, softly pilose on both sides, 4-6 in. long, the end one
stipellae large, setaceous, persistent.
ovate-cuspidate, distinctly stalked
Racemes
close, distinctly peduncled, ^-1 ft. long; bracts large, round-cuspidate, caducous.
;

long, densely clothed with grey hairs tube short, teeth

Calyx membranous, f
- in. broad. Corolla included, marcescent, bright red or white. Pod as long as
the calyx, deeply torulose, persistently grey-canescent ; seeds large, globose, shining,
in.

violet-black.

An erect shrub with

StnBGEN. 5. Pseudo-cajan, Benth.

nate calyx-teeth. Seeds without an arillus.
11.

R. pseudo-cajan,

Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 45,

t.

narrow acumi-

55.

R. incana,

Royle MSS.
Western Himalayas Hazara to Gurwhal and Ku&aon, ascending to 9000 ft.
An erect shrub, 4-6 ft. high, with virgate slender branches, clothed with perPetiole -1 in.
stipules minute, caducous
leaflets
sistent fine grey tomentum.
;

subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long, exstipellate, grey-green, thinly canescent above, densely
the end one oblong-rhompersistently grey-canescent beneath, with raised veinlets
Flowers in short-peduncled close
boidal, distinctly stalked, apex deltoid, subacute.
Calyx in., densely grey-canescent
pedicels shorter than the calyx.
corymbs
lowest tooth linear-setaceous, exceeding the tube; the others shorter, lanceolate.
Pod oblong, an inch long, f in. broad,
standard thinly silky.
Corolla \-\ in.
straiglft, hard, persistently grey-canescent, subcompressed, bearing 1-2 seeds in the
;

upper

half.

Eurhynchosia, W.

Subgen. 6.
acuminate calyx-teeth.

8?

Seeds without an

A.

Twining herbs or shrubs with

arillus.

* Leaflets small, subcoriaceous or membranous, usually obtuse.

exceeding the calyx (Copisma, E. Meyer).

Pod much

12. It. minima, DC. Prodr. ii. 385 ; stems and leaves nearly or quite
glabrescent, leaflets as broad as long deltoid in the lower half, racemes lax
elongated, calyx-teeth exceeding the tube, pod 3-4 times the calyx small. R.

W. $ A. Prodr. 238 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.

medicaginea, DC. Prodr. ii. 386
R. prostrata, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
Fl. 74. R. rhombifoHa, DC. Prodr. loc. cit.
5496. R. microphvlla, Wall. Cat. 5497. R. nuda, DC. Prodr. ii. 385 ; W. $
A. Prodr. 238; Wall. Cat. 6494 R. ervoidea, DC. loc. cit. Glycine rhomJ )olichos minimus, Linn. Sp. PI. 1020.
bifolia, Willd. Sp. iii. 1065
D. medicagineus, Lam. Diet. ii. 297 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55.
;

from the Himalayas, where it ascends to 4000 ft., to

Dtstrib. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics, Cape, United States.
wide-trailing
annual, with very slender stems, with only a little
twining or
Stipules minute, lanceolate, caducous leaflets
short pubescence at the beginning.
subcoriaceous or membranous, - l*in. broad and deep, obtuse, usually exstipellate,
the end one distinctly stalked, mostly conspicuously gland-dotted beneath. Racemes
6-12-flowered, short-peduncled, usually exceeding the leaves bracts minute, linear
Calyx ^- in., pubescent lowest tooth setaceous, twice the tube.
pedicels short.
Pod |-| in. long, under J in. broad, glabrescent,
Corolla yellow, twice the calyx.
turgid, slightly recurved, mostly 2-seeded.
Var. laxiflora; glabrous, leaflets larger l-2 in. long acute both the upper and

Everywhere

in the plains,

Ceylon and Birma.

224

L.

leguminos^:.

G. Baker.)

(J.

\_Rl1y71chosia.

lower half subdeltoid, racemes laxer 2-4 or even 6 in. long. E. laxiflora, Camb. in
Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 44, t. 54. R. Candollei, Decne. Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 170. R.
tenuicaulis, Wall'. Cat. 5495.
R. filicaulis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5502.
Dolichos
fatmensis, Hochst. fy Steud. in Schimp. Arab. Exsic. No. 873.
;

13. R. Memnonia, DC. Prodr. 386; stems and leaves clothed with,
minute persistent grey pubescence, leaflets as broad as long obtuse deltoid in the
lower half, flowers few in lax racemes, calyx-teeth exceeding the tube, pod
small 3-4 times the calyx. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 625. R. pulyerulenta, Stocks
Glycine Memnonia,
in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 147 Boiss. Fl. Orient, loc. cit.
;

Delile Fl. jEgypt. 100,

t.

38,

fig. 3.

Scinde, near Kurrachee, Stocks. Distrib. Arabia, Trop. Africa.

Scarcely more than a variety of the preceding, from which it only differs in
vestiture.

R. velutina, W.

young branches minutely downy,

fy A. Prodr. 233
grey-canesceut beneath as broad as long obtuse deltoid in the
lower half, racemes 2-4-flowered cymose, calyx-teeth equalling or exceeding
the tube, pod middle-sized 4-5 times the calyx.
14.

leaflets thinly

NlLGHlRIS.
Stems wide-trailing, rather stouter than in B. minima, glabrescent when mature.
leaflets subcoriaceous, ^-1 in. long and broad,
Stipules minute, linear, caducous
green, glabrous above, persistently thinly grey-canescent beneath, exstipellate, the
Cymes 2-4-flowered, shorter than the leaves pedicels
end one distinctly stalked.
^i in. Calyx \-^ in., finely silky lowest tooth linear-setaceous, twice the tube,
Corolla ^ in.
Pod much recurved, 1-1^ in. by
the others much shorter, lanceolate.
I in., glabrescent, 2-seeded, narrowed very gradually to the base.
;

Cat. 5499 ; branches and leaves clothed with long

grey hairs, leaflets oblong rounded at the base, racemes short
few-flowered, calyx-teeth with long setaceous points exceeding the tube.

pilosa, Wall.

15. XL.

fine spreading

Bihma

banks of the Irrawaddi at Segaen, Wallich.

Stems very slender, twining. Stipules linear, in., subpersistent leaflets subcoriaceous, grey-green above, grey beneath, clothed on the edge and below with conspicuous long fine hairs, exstipellate, the end one oblong or ovate-oblong, rounded at
both ends, 1^-2 in. long. Racemes like those of B. minima, the buds like dense
pedicels shorter than the calyx
bracts minute, lanceolate.
tufts of silky hairs
Calyx in., all the teeth with long setaceous points. Corolla half as long again as
;

the calyx.

Pod unknown.

Falconeri, Baker branches and leaves clothed with short

spreading grey hairs, leaflets ovate-oblong rounded at both ends, racemes longpeduncled lax few-flowered, lowest calyx-tooth linear exceeding the tube, pod
middle-sized 4-5 times the length of the calyx.
16.

TL.

Gtubwhal, Falconer,
Stems wide-trailing, slender, densely clothed with short firm deflexed grey hairs.
Stipules ~% in., subpersistent, linear or lanceolate; petiole 1-2 in.; leaflets subcoriaceous, 1-1^ in. long, rounded to both ends, greenish beneath, thinly clothed on
both sides with persistent moderately firm grey hairs, exstipellate, the end one disBacemes 4-6-flowered
tinctly stalked.
peduncles much exceeding the leaves
Calyx pilose, | in. teeth linear. Corolla half as
pedicels shorter than the calyx.
;

long again as the calyx

standard slightly pilose.

Pod

1 in.

by f

in., finely

pubes-

cent, 2-seeded.

** Leaflets larger, flexible, not coriaceous, mostly acute.

the calyx.

Pod much

exceeding

Rhynchosia.']

l.

leguminosjE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

225

viscosa, DC. Fhodr. ii. 387 pubescence minutely glandular, endacute as broad as long, pedicels very short, lowest calyx-tooth as long as
the tube much shorter than the corolla. R. stipulosa, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 229,
Dolichos glutinosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind
villosula, Thivaites Enum. 412.
t. 43.
A. Frodr. 248.
iii. 312 ;
Wall. Cat. 5560
17. 3&.

leaflet

yW$

Plains from the Himalayas

Distrir, Malaya, Trop. Africa, Maurito* Ceylon.

'
Madagascar.
Stems rather woody, wide-twining, clothed with deciduous fine short grey viscous
pubescence.
Stipules small, deltoid, subpersistent leaflets green on both surfaces,
finely gland-dotted, often glabrescent, 1^3 in. long, the apex deltoid, the base
broadly rounded, sometimes faintly 3-lobed, rarely stipellate, the end one on a
Racemes long-peduncled, lax, 2-4 in. long pedicels i_ in.
petiohile ^-f in. long.
Calyx \ in., finely gland-downy upper
bracts minute, ovate-cuspidate, deciduous.
Corolla twice the calyx. Pod l\ in. by f in., 2-seeded, turgid, finely
teeth deltoid.
pubescent, straight, tipped with the base of the style, narrowed to both ends.
tius,

18. R. himalensis, Benth. MSS. pubescence fine glandular, end leaflets

acute longer than broad, pedicels elongated, lower calyx-tooth as long as- the
corolla 3-4 times as long as the tube.
;

Western and Central Himalayas,

3-7000

alt.

ft.

Hazara, Simla, Garwhal,

Kumaon, &c.
Stems wide-trailing, slender, terete, clothed with fine short grey viscous pubesStipules lanceolate, in., subpersistent, reflexed leaflets thin, finely pubescent on both surfaces, not at all coriaceous, a much paler green beneath than above,
the end one ovate-acuminate, distinctly stalked. Racemes
exstipellate, 2-3 in. long
^-i ft. long, lax, distinctly peduncled; pedicels in. bracts ^- in., oblong-lanceolate.
Calyx ^ in., densely downy lowest to'oth linear- setaceous the others lanceoStandard glabrous, yellow, very conspicuously veined
late-setaceous^ twice the tube.
with purple. Pod 1-1 1 in. by f in., finely downy, 2-seeded, rather recurved, narrowed
to both ends.
cence.

39, It. serioea, Spnnoghe in Linntea, xv. 195; pubescence dense soft
spreading, end-leaflet rotundato-rhomboidal obtuse or subacute, pedicels short,
lower calyx-tooth linear as long as the tube much shorter than the corolla.
Dolichos tomentosus, Roth Nov. Sp. 345 DC. Frodr. ii. 401 ; W. $ A. Frodr.
248.
D. macrodon, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5555.
;

Central and "Western Himalayas, ascending to 5-6000 ft., and hills of West
Peninsula. Distrib. Malaya.
Stems woody, slender, wide-climbing, densely clothed with soft short spreading
grey glandular hairs. Stipules lanceolate, - in., subpersistent; leaflets not at all
coriaceous, soft with dense short pubescence on both surfaces, sometimes stipellate, pale
green both above and beneath, the end one distinctly stalked, deltoid at the tip, the
lower half narrowed suddenly to a rather rounded base. Racemes many-flowered,
moderately close, including the long peduncle reaching a foot in length pedicels
much shorter than the calyx bracts lanceolate, silky, exceeding the buds. Calyx
- in., densely grey-silky upper teeth deltoid-cuspidate, shorter than the tube.
Corolla ^| in.
standard dark purple inside, callose, distinctly auricled, silky on the
back. Pod 1-1 in. by In*., finely-pubescent, turgid, 2-seeded, rather recurved,
t'pped with the long persistent base of the style.

20. It. bracteata, Benth. MSS. ; pubescence very short canescent not
glandular, leaflets rotundato-rhomboidal cuspidate, pedicels short, lower calyxDolichos bracteatus,
tooth linear exceeding the tube shorter than the corolla.
Wall. Cat. 5554.

Upper Gangetic Plain, near Benares, Madden.

Taong-dong, Wallich.
vol. n.

BirmA

Prome, Jenanghaen and


226

l.

leguminosj:.

Baker.)

(J. G-.

[Rhynchosia.

Branches twining or straight, woody, many-grooved, persistently pilose. Stipules

minute, caducous leaflets 2-4 in. long and broad, thick, subcoriaceous, green, thinly
downy above, densely softly grey-downy beneath, exstipellate. Racemes moderately
pedicels shorter than the
close, distinctly peduncled, much exceeding the leaves
calyx. Calyx ^-g- in., densely downy upper teeth deltoid or lanceolate, shorter than
Pod 1-1 in, by ^ in.,
Corolla % in.; standard canescent externally.
the tube.
turgid, 2-seeded, narrowed in the lower half, minutely downy.
;

acutissima, Thwaites, Enum. 413 pubescence short not glandular,

oblong-rhomboidal, pedicels exceeding the calyx, lowest calyx-tooth
lanceolate much shorter than the corolla.
21. Br.

leaflets

Ceylon, near Hantani, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites.

Stipules lanceotwiner, with stems clothed with short pale brown tomentum;
Racemes equalling or shorter
leaflets 2-5 in. long, very acuminate.
late, caducous
than the leaves; pedicels geminate, \-^ in. long; bracts lanceolate-acuminate,
Corolla in.,
Calyx in. ; teeth lanceolate, the upper pair subconnate.
deciduous.
Ovary 2-ovuled. Pod not seen.
yellow veined with red.

Travancor, Beddome.

*** Leaflets not at

as the pod.

all coriaceous.

(Arcyphyllum,

Calyx as long as the

corolla, nearly as long

Elliott).

densiflora, DC. Prodr. ii. 386

Wall. Cat. 5492, excl. D.
Prodr. 239. Glycine densiflora, Roth Nov. Sp. 348. Hedysaruni
Desmodium punctatum, DC.
punctatuni, Rottl. in Berl. Mag. 231, non Poir.
Prodr. ii. 338.
22.

Xt.

W. $ A.

Distrib. Zambesi land.

Plains of both sides of the Western Peninsula.
Stems very slender, woody, wide-twining, finely grey-downy. Stipules minute,
caducous v leaflets ovate-rhomboidal, obtuse or acute, 1-2 in. long, flexible, minutely
grey-downy, especially below, sometimes stipellate, the end one short-stalked. Flowers
20-40 or more in dense nearly sessile heads usually shorter than the leaves pedicels
much shorter than the calyx bracts linear, ^-\ in., persistent. Calyx | in. teeth
tube very short.
Corolla glabrous. Pod oblong, ^f in
all lanceolate acuminate
by \ in., 2-seeded, pubescent, oblique, narrowed suddenly at the tip.
;

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

Dolichos candicans, Wall. Cat. 5567, from Ava, belongs either to 3 or 5, but
It has densely tomentose virgate branches, thick coriaceous
the seed is not known.
obtuse leaflets rather broader than long densely persistently grey-tomentose on the
lower side with the veinlets raised, the end one distinctly stalked 1-2 in. long,
racemes short-peduncled closely few-flowered, small lanceolate bracts, pedicels shorter
than the calyx, calyx densely grey-pubescent in. long, lowest tooth linear exceeding
the tube, the others shorter, lanceolate, corolla scarcely exserted.
P. mollissima, Dalz. inJoum. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186, from Kandesh, which I have not
seen, is said to differ from R. sericea principally by the want of callosities and auricles
to the standard.
85.

FLEBXINCIA, Koxb.

Shrubs, rarely herbs, with leaves digitately 3-foliolate or simple, gland-dotted

Calyx-tube
below. Inflorescence various pedicels very short, not bracteolate.
Corolla little or
short teeth narrow, acuminate, the lowest often the longest.
keel obtuse or slightly rostrate.
not at all exserted; petals equal in length
Stamens diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, 2-ovuled style filiPod oblong, turgid, small, usually twoform, beardless, stigma capitate.
seeded seeds not strophiolate, the funicle centrical. Distrib. Only 3 Trop.
African species not here represented.
;

Sttbgen.

1.

Ostryodium,

Desv.

Shrubs.

Leaves simple.

Floivers in

Flemingia.]

leguminos2E.

l.

(J.

G. Baker.)

227

small cymes, each hidden by a large folded persistent bract, closely distich. Isly
arranged in copious simple or slightly branched racemes, both in the axils of the
leaves and above them.
1. P. strobilifera, R. Br. in Ait. Sort. Keiu ed. 2, iv. 350; leaves oblong subacute broadly rounded at the base, axis of racemes zigzag, bracts
Wall. Cat. 5753
W. A.
pointed or faintly emarginate. DC. Prodr. ii. 351
Hedysarum stroWight Ic. t. 267 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75.
Prodr. 243
biliferum, Linn. Sp. 1053 Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 350. Zornia strobilifera, Pers. Ench.
F. abrupta, Wall. Cat. 5755.
ii. 319.
;

Himalayas from Simla and Kumaon, ascending to 8000 ft. to Assam, Khasia,
Chittagoxg, Siam, Malacca, and Ceylon. Distrib. Malayan Islands, Philippines,
Timor. Introduced in Mauritius and West Indies.
An erect shrub, 5-10 ft. high. Branches slender, terete, velvety. Leaves subcoriaceous, 3-8 in. long, green, glabrescent above, thinly silky, especially on the raised
stipules scariose, linear, i-^- in.
petiole stiffly
parallel erecto-patent ribs below
Racemes 3-6 in. long, usually simple, the slender zigzag rachis
erecto-patent, ^1 in.
densely grey-downy; bracts erecto-patent, short-petioled, deeply cordate, ^1 in. long,
membranous, finely downy, rather broader than long, obscurely cuspidate in the typical
teeth lanceolate, exceeding the tube.
Calyx \ in., finely pilose
form.
Corolla
purple, little exserted. Pod oblong, turgid, ^ in. long, finely downy, 2-seeded.
Var. 1 bracteata racemes copious dense panicled, bracts slightly emarginate. F.
Bcnth. PI. Jungh. 245. Hedysarum bracteatum, Roxb.
bracteata, Wight Ic. t. 268
Forests of East Himalayas and
F. chlorostachys, Wall. Cat. 5756.
Fl. Ind. iii. 351.
Birma.
Var. 2. fruticulosa; habit low and branches trailing, leaves smaller plicate, racemes fewer-flowered, bracts ^ in. slightly emarginate. F. fruticulosa, Wall. Cat.
5754 Benth. PI. Jungh. 245. Temperate region of Central Himalayas.

2.

P. Chappar, Ham.

in Wall. Cat.

5757

leaves rotundato-cordate cus-

pidate, rachis of racemes straight, bracts deeply emarginate.

Benth.

PL

Jungh.

244.

Eastern Himalayas, Hamilton. Behar, Dr. Hooker. Ava, Wallich.

General habit and inflorescence just that of the last. Branches terete, with a thin
Leaves nearly as broad as long, subcoriaceous, 2-4 in.
coating of adpressed hairs.
each way, green, glabrous above, minutely grey-downy below petiole longer than in
F. strobilifera. Racemes often panicled rachis more woody than in the last, and the
pubescence shorter bracts firmer, less distinctly veined, much broader than long.
Calyx - 1 in. teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod as
;

in the last.

Stibgen.
late.

2.

Chalaria, W.

Bracts minute, caducous.

A. Erect shrubs. Leaves simple or 3-folioFlowers in lax panicled racemes.

fy

3. F. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 5759; leaflets simple large cordate-ovate

cuspidate thin not plicate, flowers mostly in a terminal panicle, bracts navicular
Benth. PI. Jungh. 245. F. Phursia, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
as long as the calyx.
5758.

Central and Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone from Kumaon to Sikkim. Moulmein, Heifer.
An erect shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, with finely downy slender terete branches. Leaves
subcoriaceous, thin, full green above, paler beneath, glabrous except on the ribs of the
undersurface, 3-6 in. long; petiole 1 in. or less long; stipules minute, lanceolate, ca :
ducous. Axillary racemes sometimes simple, sometimes fascicled, the end ones forming
a thyrsoid panicle ft. long, with densely grey downy branches, rather laxly flowered
nearly down to the base bracts ovate, pilose, scariose pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Calyx -\ in., densely grey-downy teeth lanceolate, acuminate
tube very short.
Corolla reddish, little exserted keel rostrate.
Pod % in., oblong, finely downy,
;

2-seeded.

Q2

228

L.

leguminos^:.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

[Flemingia.

* ilieata * Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Fl. Ind. iii. 341; leaves 3-folio\IHjF'
kt^otuauceotate-otflong deeply plicate, flowers in copious axillary and terminal
Wall. Cat. 5752 DC. Prodr. ii.
panicled racemes, bracts verv minute linear.
W. $ A. Prodr. 242 ; Wight Ic. t. 327. Hedysarum lineatum, Linn. Sp.
351
PI. 1054.
Lespedeza lineata, Pers. Syn. ii. 318.
;

Birma and Siam.

Plains from the Himalayas to Ceylon,

Distrib.

Malayan

Islands, N. Australia.
An erect shrub, with the ultimate branchlets angular and grey-can eseent. Stipules
lanceolate, scariose, subpersistent, |-f in. ; petiole |-2 in., erecto-patent, deeply
sulcate leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, 1-3 in. long, obtuse, or with a slight cusp, deltoid at the base, exstipellate, both surfaces especially the lower finely grey-canescent,
Panicles from the axils of most of the leaves, erecto-patent, 2-4 in. long,
sublucent.
;

the flowers crowded towards the end of the branches and absent from the lower part
Calyx | in., densely grey-downy teeth lanceolate.
Corolla
pedicels very short.
little exserted
keel beaked.
Pod f- in., finely downy, rounded at both ends,
;

2-seeded.

Sttbgen.
3-foliolate.

Leaves digitately
3. Fleming iastrum, DO. Erect shrubs.
Flowers in dense subspicate axillary racemes ; bracts linear or lan-

ceolate, caducous.

F. stricta, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 248; Hort. Beng. 56;

branches triquetrous, leaflets thin large acuminate obscurely
ribs below, bracts linear firm much exceeding the buds, calyx
Prodr. ii. 351 ; Wall. Cat. 5745, excl. F; W. 8? A. Prodr. 241
5.

342

Fl. Ind.
silky

iii.

on the

DC.

silkv.

Wight

Ic.

t.

329.
Tropical regions of Sikkim, Silhet, Assam Birma, Tenasserim, and the Western
Peninsula, Distrib. China.
tall shrub, with woody triquetrous branches, clothed with only a few short
adpressed hairs. Stipules large, lanceolate, rigidly scariose, soon falling; petiole
3-6 in., triquetrous, deeply sulcate, not winged leaflets subcoriaceous, |1 ft. long,
oblong, narrowed to both ends, smooth and glabrous above, with only a few short
obscure hairs on the ribs below. Racemes dense,' oblong-cylindrical, often fascicled,
?-3 in. long, the lower bracts larger than the others and subpersistent, the upper ones
rigidly scariose, linear, -f in. long, shortly silky, densely imbricated before the
pedicels very short.
Calyx \- in. teeth linear, the lowest twice as
flowers expand
long as the others. Corolla as long as the lower tooth, much exceeding the others keel
Pod \ in. long, glabrescent.
obtuse.
Var. pteropus, Baker; petiole distinctly winged, leaflets lanceolate acuminate
plicate, spikes more slender densely fascicled, bracts and flowers smaller. Pegu,
McClelland.
;

branches subterete, leaflets

6. P. G-rahamiana, W. 8r A. Prodr. 242
obovate obtuse or subacute thinly silky below, bracts linear firm small, calyx
shaggy. F. pycnantha, Benth. in Hohen. PI. Exsic. No. 1211 PI. Jungh. 245.
;

Nilghiris, Wight, Gardner, &c.

low erect shrub, with tomentose young shoots. Stipules lanceolate, \-^ in.,
caducous petiole -1 in., erecto-patent, not winged leaflets subcoriaceous, 2-3 in.
long, plicate, glabrous above, grey-silky especially on the ribs beneath many of the
Spikes dense, oblong, 1-2 in. long, often fascicled bracts under
veinlets raised.
^ in. long, erecto-patent, subrigid, subpersistent. Calyx in. teeth plumose, linearCorolla not exserted. Pod oblong, in. long, finely pubescent,
.fetaceous, subequal.
and often covered with red viscous glands.

T. cc:i7C5ta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56;

Fl. Ind. iii. 340; branches subhcuminate silky on the ribs below, bracts neither rigid
nor protruded, calyx silkv. DC. Prodr. ii. 351; Wall. Cat. 5747, in qreater
part W. A. Prodr. 241 ; Wight Ic. t. 390 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75.
7.

larete, leaflets oblclng


Flemingia.']

L.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

229

F. angustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 341 ? Orotalaria macrophylla,

Rhynchosia crotalarioides, DC. Prodr. ii. '387.
982.

Willd. Sp.

iii.

Central Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca, in the tropical region. Distrib.

Malay isles, China, Philippines.
An erect woody shrub, 4-6 ft. high, with terete glabrescent old and rather angular
Stipules linear, \ in., caducous petiole 1-4 in., silisulcate silky young branches.
cate down the face, not winged leaflets subcoriaceous, thin not plicate, 4-6 in. long,
narrowed to a long point, and downwards to a rather rounded base, green and glabrous
;

above, thinly grey-silky beneath.

Racemes oblong, dense, 1-2 in. long, sessile, often
fascicled
bracts lanceolate, ^ \ in. long, silky on the back, like the calyx, deciduous,
Calyx - in., densely clothed with adpressed
not at all rigid pedicels very short.
shining pale brown silky hairs; teeth linear-lanceolate, the lowest exceeding the
Pod oblong, | in. long, obscurely
others.
Corolla scarcely exserted keel obtuse.
downy, 2-seeded.
Var. 1. semialata general habit and leaflets of the type, but the petiole narrowly
winged, the racemes often rather laxer and calyx-teeth narrower. F. semialata, Roxb.
Don Prodr. 242 W. $ A. Prodr. 241 Wight Ic. t. 326 Wall. Cat.
Fl. hid. iii. 340
5746, in greater part. F. stricta, Wall. Cat. 5745 E. F. prostrata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
338 (a low trailing form). Kange of the type, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Central
;

Himalayas.
Var. 2. latifolia; tall, very robust, leaflets larger acute 6-9 in. long, bracts |in.
long like the calyx densely clothed with shining adpressed brown silky hairs. F.
latifolia, Benth. PI. Jungh. 246
Miq. Fl. lad. Bat. i. 163. Khasia, 2-3000 ft. Hook.
jil. and Thomson, Griffith.
Distrib. Java.
Var. 3. Wightiana erect, branches densely silky, leaflets smaller thicker densely
clothed with adpressed grey or ferruginous silky hairs below with the veinlets raised,
petiole not winged, pubescence of calyx and raceme-rachis denser and less adpressed.
W. $ A. Prodr. 242. F. ferruginea, Wall.
F. Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5751
Nilghiris, Wight.
Bhotan, Griffith. Ava, at Taong-Dong, Wallich.
Cat. 5750.
Var. 4. nana; a low diffuse undershrub, leaflets obtuse 1-2 in. long plicate reticulato-rugose beneath, heads few subglobose few-flowered sometimes shortly peduncled,
calyx-teeth deep very narrow, pod slightly downy.
F. nana, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56
Fl. Ind. iii. 339
Wall Cat. 5748 A Wight Ic. t. 389 (suberect). F. procumbens,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 338 Wight Ic. t. 408 (trailing diffuse) Balz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75.
Central and Eastern Himalayas, 2-5000 ft.,
F. capitata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5749.
Concan.

branches subterete, leaflets obo8. F. Wallichii, W. fy A. Prodr. 242

vate obtuse or subacute finely downy beneath, bracts small not at all rigid, calyx
shaggy. F. semialata, var. vestita. Wall. Cat. 5746, G. F. nana, Wall. Cat.
5748, B. F. sericans, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 186.
;

Prome, Wallich. Martaban, Kurz.

Hills of Western Peninsula.
Branches slender, erect, densely clothed with short spreading hairs. Stipules small,
1-2
faintly
petiole
in.,
winged
caducous
leaflets obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. long, glabrous on the upper surface, nearly flat. Heads dense, oblong, sessile, 1-2 in. long,
Calyx |-^ in., shaggy, with dense persistent firm spreading
solitary or fascicled.
grey hairs, slit down nearly to the base into subequal linear plumose teeth.
Corolla
Pod oblong, as long as the calyx, finely downy. Not clearly distinct from
included.
the last, from which it mainly differs in vestiture.
;

4. Xiepidocoma, Jungh.
An erect shrub. Leaves digitately
Flowers in dense globose heads surrounded by large bracts (like tb.3
capitula of Composite).

Subgen.

3-foliolate.

9. F. involucrata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 246.

F. capitata, Zolling.; Micx
Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 166.
Lespedeza involucrata, Wall. Cat. 5742. Lepidocoma
trifoliatum, Jungh. Reise, 338.
.


230

l.

leguminosj:.

Baker.)

(J. G.

[Flemingfa.

Eastern Himalayas, Assam and Sikkim, ascending to 3000 ft. Pegu, McClelland,
Kurz. Concan, Stocks. Distrib. Java.
An erect shrub, 2-4 ft. high, with slender terete zigzag woody finely downy
branches.
Stipules large, scariose, caducous
petiole ^-^ in.
leaflets oblong or
lanceolate, narrowed to both ends. 2-3 in. long, subcoriaceous. glabrous above, grey and
finely downy below.
Heads copious, both terminal on the branches and, axillary on
short peduncles, an inch broad, encircled by about a dozen lanceolate acuminate scariose persistent bracts in. long.
Calyx ^-f in. long, shaggy with long dense grey
hairs teeth very long, the two upper subconnate.
Corolla included keel obtuse.
Pod small, oblong, included, firm, downy, 1 -seeded.

Sttbgen. 5. Xthynchosioides. Trailing herbs with herbaceous roots.

Leaves digitately 3-foliolate bracts minute, caducous.
;

F. vestita, Benth. MSS. leaflets obovate-cuneate minutely

sfipules large persistent, flowers 4-10 in dense long-pedimcled heads,
10.

much

exserted.

pilose,

corolla

Dolichos vestitus, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5545.

Himalayas from Simla, Garwhal and Kumaon to Khasia, ascending to 7000

Sometimes cultivated for the sake of its tuberous esculent root.
;

ft.

Stems trailing to a length of 1-2

ft., branched, densely clothed with short grey

Stipules J- in., lanceolate, scariose petiole ^-1 in. leaflets brought close to
one another by their edges, not at all coriaceous, full green above, pale green beneath,
minutely hairy on both sides, exstipellate, obtuse or shortly cuspidate. | 1 in. each way.
Flowers 3-6 together, in dense heads like Lotus, on pilose peduncles overtopping the
Calux
leaves ; pedicels very short; bracts in., silky, oblong or roundish, cuspidate.
\-\ in., densely brown-velvety teeth subequal, exceeding the tube. Corolla bright
keel much incurved, distinctly rostrate.
red, half as long again as the calyx
Pod
oblong, included, subcylindrical, 1 -seeded, finely hairy.
Var. nilgheriensis leaflets smaller firmer more acute, hairs of stem and petioles
longer and denser, flowers a dozen or more in a head, calyx-teeth linear, corolla

hairs.

scarcely exserted.
P. procumbens, Wight
Hills of Western Peninsula.

Boxb.

Ic. t.

987

Balz.

Gibs.

Bomb.

Fl. 75,

non

11. P. tuberosa, Balz. in Keiv Jouim. Bot. ii. 34; leaflets lanceolate
glabrous, stipules minute caducous, flowers very lax in few-flowered peduncled
dichotomous corymbs, corolla not exserted. Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 75.

Concan, Balzell, Stocks.

Stems 2-3 ft. long, copiously branched, thinly clothed with

fine

spreading hairs.

Leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, acute, 1-2 in. long, those of the lowest leaves shorter,
Corymbs copious, terminal and axillary, distinctly peduncled, exceeding the

oblong.

leaves, the last branches erecto-patent, 1-2 in. long, the flowers usually solitary, rarely
geminate at their tips; bracts and bracteoles minute, rigid, ovate, like those of Shu-

Calyx \ in., strongly ribbed, densely pilose teeth lanceolate, exceeding the
teria.
Blade of standard round keel very narrow, abruptly incurved at the tip. Pod
tube.
oblong, 1-2-seeded, if the latter slightly exceeding the calyx.
;

86.

DALBEBGIA,

Linn.

fil.

Trees or climbing shrubs. Leaves with alternate subcoriaceous leaflets. Flowers

Calyx campanulate teeth 5,
copious, small, in terminal or lateral panicles.
Corolla exserted
standard broad keel obtuse, with
distinct, usually short.
Stamens 9-10, monad elphous or the sheath
its petals only joined at the tip.
slit down the keel anthers minute, basifixed, with the cells back to back, and the
Ovary stalked, few-ovuled style short, incurved,
slit mostly short and apical.
Pod oblong or strap-shaped, usually thin and flat,
glabrous, stigma capitate.
1-4-seeded, indehiscent, not thickened or winged at the sutures.
Distrib.
Species 60-70, cosmopolitan in the tropics.
;

;
;

DaTbergla.']

leguminos^:.

l.

Subgen.

1.

Sissoa,

(J.

G. Baker.)

231

Benth. Stamens usually nine in one bundle, the

Pod straight, thin, 1-4slit only along the top.

sheath of filaments being

seeded.
* Leaflets large.

I>. Sissoo, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. Ind. iii. 223; erect, leaflets
3-5 roundish with a very distinct cusp, flowers in short axillary panicles Math
racemoso-corvinbose branches, pedicels short, pod 1-^-seeded not veined opposite
the seeds. DC. Prodr. ii. 416 W. $ A. Prodr. 264 Wall. Cat. 5850 Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soe. iv., Suppl. 40
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 25. J), pendula, Tenure
Cat. Hort. Neap. 84.
1.

Plains through India proper, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Central Himalayas.
Distrib. Afghanistan, Beloochistan.
An erect tree, with finely grey-downy branches. 7/etf/-rachis zigzag; leaflets
Panicles much shorter than the leaves, the
firm, soon glabrescent, 1-3 in. long.
Calyx in. deep, downy
erecto-patent branches densely pubescent.
teeth very
short, the lowest rather the longest, lanceolate.
Corolla yellowish, twice the length
of the calyx standard with a long claw and round limb.
Stamens 9. Pod thin,
strap-shaped, pale brown, glabrous, 1^4 in. by ^-^ in., obtuse with a stalk twice
as long as the calyx.
;

2. D. latifolia, Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. 7, t. 113 ; erect, leaflets 6-7 orbicular
obtuse, flowers in lax axillary panicles with subcorymbose branches, pedicels
elongated, pod 1-3-seeded not veined opposite the seeds.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.

W. A. Prodr. 264 Wight Ic. t. 1156 Wall. Cat.

221 DC. Prodr. ii. 416
5852 Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 38 Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 24. D. emarginata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 Fl. Ind. iii. 224
;

Wall. Cat. 5858.

Common through the Western Peninsula, Sikkim and Behar, Hook. jil. Bun-'
delcund, Edgeworth.
An erect tree, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves 4-6 in. long rachis straight
leaflets 1^2^ in. long, firm, greenish or glaucous below, often emarginate at the
point, cuneate at the base, the petiolules unusually long.
Flowers in lax broad
panicles, shorter, than the leaves pedicels as long as the calyx.
Calyx ^- in. teeth
obtuse, rather shorter than the tube.
Stamens 9. Corolla white, twice the length
of the calyx. Pod firm, brown, strap-shaped, rather shining, l-3 in. by ^-f in.,
in the place of the seeds distinctly marked but not wrinkled.
Var. sissoides; leaflets rather narrower in proportion to their length and sometimes obtusely pointed. D. sissoides, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5876 W. <f A. Prodr. 265
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 39. D. javanica, Mia. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 132?
;

Nilghiris.

Distrib.

Java?

3. D. ovata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5854; scandent, leaflets 5-7 oblong

acute, flowers in axillary panicles with crowded corymbose branchlets, pedicels
very short, pod 1-3-seeded not veined opposite the seeds. Benth. in Journ. Linn.
D. glauca, Wall. Cat. 5862.
Soc. iv., Suppl. 40.

Martaban, Wallich. Pegu, Kurz.

Whole plant glabrous, except the branchlets of the

Zea/"-rachis 2-3
panicle.
glaucous below, the upper oblong, 3-4
Panicle
in. long, narrowed gradually to a point, the lower shorter round-ovate.
broad, about as long as the leaves, made up of distant congested clusters, the
main branches spreading or even deflexed. Flower and pod just like those of B.
in.

long

leaflets firm, greenish or slightly

latifolia.

Var.
long.

obtusifolia; leaflets oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse emarginate

Birma,

4.

Griffith,

3-5

in.

Kurz.

D. Championi,

Thwaites

Enum. PL

Zeyl.

95; scandent,

leaflets

1-5


232

leguminosj:.

l.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Balbergia.

oblong acute, flowers in lax axillary panicles with subcorymbose branches,

Benth.
pedicels as long as the calyx, pod not veined opposite the solitary seed.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 39.
D. pseudo-sissoo, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 128 ?
Ceylon, Gardner, Walker, &c. Distrib. Malay isles.
Branches glabrous, twining. Leaflets firm, glabrous, green on both surfaces, oblong,
2-4 in. long, rounded at the base, narrowed suddenly to a point. Panicles as long
as or shorter than the leaves, the branches finely grey-downy.
Calyx in., subglabrous teeth short, obtuse.
Corolla twice the length of the calyx claws of the
petals as long as the calyx.
Pod strap-shaped, obtuse, 3-4 in. by
Stamens 9.
f| in., always 1 -seeded.
;

5. Z>. rimosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. Ind. iii. 233; erect, leaflets
5-9 oblong obtuse or acute, flowers very small in axillary and terminal panicles
with corymbose branches, pedicels very short, pod thickened and veined opposite
the solitary seed.
Wall. Cat. 5853
Wight Ic. t. 262 Benth. in Journ. Linn.
;

Soc. iv., Suppl. 32.

Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone, ascending to 4000 ft. Khasia, Silhet, Assam.
2-4 in. long leaflets moderately firm, oblong or obovateoblong, 24 in. long, bright green above, grey with a thin coating of grey short
adpressed hairs beneath. Panicles broad and corymbose, with finely grey-downy
branches, the very numerous small flowers in crowded corymbs.
Calyx
in.,
finely downy; teeth obtuse, subequal, about as long as the tube.
Corolla white,
twice as long as the calyx claws of the petals very short. Pod oblong, glabrous,
2-3 in. by l-l^ in., much thickened opposite the large seed. Seeds very rarely 2.
;

jLea/'-rachis straight,

6. 2>. foliacea, Wall. Cat. 5856 A, 0, D

erect, leaflets 9-13 elongateoblong obttise or acute, flowers small mostly in ample terminal panicles with
corymbose branches, pedicels short, pod thickened and veined opposite the
usually solitary seed. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 41.
;

Forests of Ava, Pegu, and

3-4

Martaban.

long
leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, not
glaucous beneath.
Panicle | ft., the main branches wide-spreading, rather
decurved, the branchlets clothed with thin grey-brown pubescence.
Calyx
in.,
finely downy, the lowest tooth about as long as the tube.
Corolla twice the length
of the calyx, the claws of the petals short.
Pod just like that of D. ri/nosa.
2/e/-rachis straight,

in.

** Leaflets
few, small.
7.

D. rubig-inosa,

leaflets

Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. 9, 1. 115 Fl. Ind. iii. 231 scandent,
5-7 oblong obtuse glabrous beneath, flowers in short crowded axillary
;

panicles, pedicels very short, petal-claws as long as the calyx, ovaries 3-4-ovuled.

DC.

Prodr.
Suppl. 43.

ii.

416

W.

Western Peninsula.

fy

A. Prodr. 265

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

iv.,

Distrib. South China.

rnonosperma, from which it may be readily known by the stamens
and ovary. Branches glabrous, twining. Leaflets firm, not conspicuously veined,
1-2 in. long, rather glaucous beneath. Panicles 1-2 in. long, .sessile, the branchlets
finely pubescent.
Calyx scarcely in. long, finely brown-silky, with a pair of small
obtuse persistent bracteoles teeth short, obtuse.
Corolla twice the length of the

Habit of

I).

calyx.
8.

Pod unknown.

D. cong-esta,

oblong obtuse more or

Grah. in

less clothed

Wall. Cat. 5872

scandent, leaflets 7-11
with brown pubescence beneath, flowers in
;

short crowded axillary panicles, pedicels very short, petal-claws as long as the
calyx, pod 1-2-seeded not veined opposite the seeds.
W. Sf A. Prodr. 265
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 43. D. Gardneriana, Benth. loc. cit.

Dalbergia.]

l.

lbguminosjj.

Baker.)

(J. Gr.

23

Nilghiius, Noton, Gardner, &c.

Branchlets and
Closely allied to D. ruUginosa, of which it is perhaps a variety.
Leaflets very thick,
leaves below at first densely clothed with brown pubescence.
l-l in. long, emarginate. Panicles 1-2 in. long, dense, the branches densely brownPedicels
velvety.
-^ in. Calyx ^ in., with a pair of conspicuous adpressed
Pod thin, brown,
bracteoles teeth short.
Corolla twice the length of the calyx.
glabrous, distinctly stalked, strap-shaped, l$-2$ in. by | in.

erect, leaflets 7-11 obovate9. D. cultrata, Or ah. in Wall. Cat. 5861

oblong obtuse emarginate glabrous, flowers in short axillary fascicled panicles
with racemose branches, pedicels as long as the calyx, petal-claws short, pod
1-3-seeded not veined opposite the seeds. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl.
;

39.

Prome

Hills, Wattich. Pegu, McClelland.

Branches and leaves below glabrous.
G-eneral habit like that of D. lanceolaria.
Flowers in copious
Leaflets 1^-2 in. long, moderately firm, green on both sides.

Calyx
in., subrather lax panicles, with slender ascending subglabrous branches.
Corolla twice the calyx.
Pod just like that of D. lanceolaria,
glabrous teeth short.
from which it can only be distinguished by the flowers.
;

*** Leaflets many, small.

10. D. Jung-huhnii, Benth. PL Jungh. i. 254 ; scandent, leaflets 9-15
oblong glabrous obtuse, flowers minute mostly in ample terminal panicles with
crowded cymose branches, pedicels and petal-claws very short, pod oblong not
veined opposite the solitary seed. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 33.
D. parviflora, JRoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 225 ?

Malacca,

Griffith,

Maingay. Distrib. Malay

isles.

Leaves 2-3 in. long; leaflets thick,

rigid, \-\\ in. long, truncate or emarginate, glabrous, slightly glaucous below.
Branches of the panicle downy, the ultimate branchlets forming distinct scorpioid
cymes.
Calyx glabrous, under
in.
teeth short, obtuse, the lowest the longest.
Corolla in.
Pod thin, membranous, greenish, glabrous, distinctly stalked, 2^-3 in.

Branches slender, glabrous, often twisted.

by l-l

in.

11. Z>. confertiflora, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 255; scandent, leaflets 11-15
oblong glabrous obtuse, flowers mostly in ample terminal panicles with crowded
corymbose branches, pedicels and petal-claws short, pod 1-2-seeded strap-shaped
rather veined opposite the seeds. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 41.
D. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 5848, E & I, ex parte.

Oudh and

Concan, Stocks.
from which it can only be safely distinguished by the
stamens. Leaves 4-6 in. long; leaflets moderately firm, 1-2 in. long, obtuse or
emarginate, much paler below than above, but scarcely glaucous. Branches of the
panicle densely pubescent.
Calyx in. upper teeth short, obtuse, lowest lanceolate.
Corolla not more than half as long again as the calyx. Pod thin, glabrous, brownish,
2-3 in. by f-f in., narrowed to the point and to a stalk nearly half an inch long.
Sillet, Wallich.

Habit of B.

volubilis,

12. D. velutina, Benth. PI. Jungh. 255

scandent, leaflets 13-17 oblong
obtuse ferrugineo-pubescent, flowers in peduncled axillary panicles with corymbose branches, pedicels short, petal-claws long, pod 1-3-seeded strap-shaped not
veined opposite the seeds. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 43. D. stipulate Wall. Cat. 5868 A, B ex parte.
;

Khasia, Silhet, and Eastern Peninsula.

Branches, pedicels, and leaves, especially on the underside, at first densely clothed
with dark brown tomentum. Leaves 6-9 in. long
leaflets moderately firm, not
;

234

l.

legumjnosj:.

Baker.)

(J. G.

[Dalbergia.

reined, rather glaucous beneath, l-2 in. long stipules large, lanceolate, velvety, more
Panicle distinctly peduncled, -3- as long as the
persistent than in the other species.
pedicels
leaves, the branches densely brown-pubescent, spreading or ascending
shorter than the calyx, furnished with small subpersistent bracts and bracteoles.
Calyx \ in. ; upper teeth very short ; lowest lanceolate, rather longer. Corolla twice
the calyx. Pod thin, obtuse, brownish, short-stalked, 2-3| in. by |-| in.
;

Stocksii, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 42 scandent,

11-15 oblong obtuse with a few obscure adpressed hairs, flowers in
copious axillary panicles with corymbose branches, pedicels and petal-claws
short, pod thin oblong veined opposite the large usually solitary seed.
13. JD.

leaflets

Concan, Stocks.
Branches finely grey-downy. Leaves 4-5 in. long leaflets thin for the genus,
f-1 in. long, emarginate, with only a few obscure short adpressed hairs below when
;

mature. Panicles copious, distinctly peduncled, nearly or quite as long as the leaves
branches slender, densely finely grey-downy, densely corymbose at the tip, the lower
teeth half as long as the
ones distant.
Calyx oblique,
in., densely grey-downy
tube.
Corolla twice the length of the calyx.
Pod quite characteristic, thin, glabrous,
-l in. by ^ in., the usually solitary seed filling up the greater part, subacute,
cuneate at the base with a very long stalk.
;

S>. sympathetica, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 55; scandent,

11-15 oblong obtuse thinly grey-silky, flowers in dense short axillary
panicles with dense corymbose branches, pedicels and petal-claws short, pod
14.

leaflets

thin greenish oblong 1-2-seeded not veined opposite the seeds. Benth. PI. Jungh.
255 ; Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 42 ; Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 78. D. frondosa, Wall. Cat. 5855
;
W. $ A. Prodr. 266, ex parte (Wt. Herb. 918).
D. ferruginea, Hohen. PI. Can. Exsie. No. 343, non Roxb.

Hills of the

Western Peninsula.

Trunk armed with strong large curved thorns, the branches often
young ones finely grey-downy. Leaves 4-6 in. long leaflets moderately
;

twisted, the
firm, obtuse

or emarginate, ^-1 in. long, thinly silky at first, especially beneath.

Panicles distinctly peduncled, with finely downy ascending curved branches, the ultimate branchlets secund.
in., silky, with a pair of small obtuse adpressed bracteoles
fialyx
Pod membranous, obtuse,
teeth short, obtuse.
Corolla twice the length of the calyx.
2-3 in. by f-1 in., with an unusually short stalk. Closely resembles J), volubilis in
leaves, and general habit.

*15. U. tamarindifolla, JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. Ind. iii/233;

scandent, leaflets 25-41 thinly pubescent crowded trapezoid-oblong, flowers in
congested sessile axillary panicles with corymbose branches, pedicels short,
petal-claws as long as the calyx, pod thin 1-3-seeded strap-shaped not veined
Wight. Ic. t. 242 ; Wall. Cat. 5870 ; Benth. in Journ. Linn.
opposite the seeds.
D. "livida, Wall. Cat. 5866 A, ex parte B. D. rufa, and
Soc. iv., Suppl. 44.
{
D. multijuga, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5864, 5865. D. Bluniei, Hassk. PI. Jav.
Par. 400. Derris pinnata, Lour. Fl. Cochin. 432.

Eastern Himalayas Nipal, Sikkim, Silhet, Khasia. ascending to 4000 ft., and
down the gulf to Malacca. Hills of Western Peninsula. Distrib. Malay

frequent
isles.

Branches densely clothed with fine brown pubescence. Leaves - foot leaflets
quite different in shape to that of all the other species, nearly sessile, caducous,
moderately firm, ^-1 in. long, glaucous, thinly clothed with brown pubescence
beneath, especially on the midrib. Panicles sessile, 1-2 in. long, the branches densely
brown -pubescent pedicels shorter than the calyx bracts and bracteoles minute,
downy, persistent. Calyx in., downy; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla white, 2-3
times the length of the calyx blade of the standard orbicular. Stamens 10. Pod
thin, bright brown, glabrous, long-stalked, l-3 in. by ^-f in.
;


Dalbergia.']

Var.

pubescence.

l.

pubescens

Concan,

LEGUMiNOSiE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

235

branches and leaves below clothed with persistent dense thick

Stocks.

leaflets thicker very oblique rigidly coriaceous glabrous

Var. 2. acacicefolia
bright green above glaucous beneath. D. acaciaefolia, Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii. 37.
;

Concan.

Subgen. 2. I> alb erg- aria, Benth. Sheath of filaments slit both along
the top and bottom, so that the stamens are in two bundles containing five each.

Pod

straight, thin, 1-3-seeded.

lanceolaria, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 417 erect, leaflets 11-15

glabrous obtuse, flowers in copious ample terminal and axillary panicles with
corymbose branches, pedicels bracteate as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth nearly
as long as the tube, pod glabrous usually 1-seeded rather thickened and veined
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 45; Dalz. fy Gibs.
opposite the seed.
Bomb. Fl. 78. 1). frondosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 Fl. Jnd. iii. 226 DC.
W. # A. Prodr. 266, in part Wight Ic. t. 266 Wall. Cat.
Prodr. ii. 417
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 88.
D. zeylanica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53
5855, A, 0, D
Wall. Cat. 5847. D. arborea, JJeyne DC. Prodr. ii. 417.
Fl. Jnd. iii. 228
D. robusta, Wall. Cat. 5849 A. D. hircina, Wall. Cat. 5871 A, not B.
16. XI.

Plains from the Western Himalayas to Ceylon.

An erect tree, reaching 60-80 feet in height, with glabrous branches. Leaves 3-6
leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, with slightly raised veins, green above, paler
in.
and rather glaucous below, 1-2 in. long, rounded at both ends, emarginate at the
apex. Branches of the panicle wide-spreading, silky or subglabrous.
Calyx ^ in.,
more or less silky teeth obtuse, the lowest rather longer. Corolla 2-3 times as long
as the calyx, the standard \ in. broad, with a large callosity at the base of the limb,
the keel much shorter than the wings. Pod 1^-4 in. by -f-f in., bright brown,
flexible, narrowed to the point and gradually at the base into a long stalk.

long

17. X>. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 5869 ; scandent, leaflets 11-13 glabrous
obtuse, flowers in copious ample terminal and axillary panicles with corymbose
branches, pedicels ebracteate as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth much shorter
than the tube, pod glabrous 1-seeded rather thickened and veined opposite the
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 46.
seed.

Martaban,

Wallich, Griffith.
Pegu, Kurz.
Closely allied to D. lanceolaria, from which it differs by
smaller flowers (under \ in. long), and shorter calyx-teeth.

its

scandent habit,

18. D. volubilis, Roxb. Car. PI. ii. 48, t. 191 ; Fl. Jnd. iii. 231 ; scandent, leaflets 11-13 glabrous obtuse, flowers in copious ample terminal and
axillary panicles with corymbose branches, pedicels very short ebracteate, calyxteeth minute, pod glabrous 1-2-seeded rather thickened and veined opposite the
seed.
DC. Prodr. ii. 417 ; Wall. Cat. 5874 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 265 Benth. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 46 Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 78.
;

Central and Eastern Himalayas,

to

Pegu and Ceylon.

Closely allied to the two preceding. Branches of the panicle densely clothed with
brown velvety pubescence, the main ones horizontal or even decurved, the ultimate
in. long, densely velvety.
Corolla 2-3 times
corymbs densely congested. Calyx
the length of the calyx. Pod just like that of D. lanceolaria.

19. D. assamica, Benth. PI. Jungh. 255; scandent, leaflets 15-21

obtuse glabrous or nearly so, flowers in axillary panicles much shorter than the
leaves with corymbose branches, pedicels as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth
nearly as long as the tube, pod glabrous flexible 1-2-seeded. Benth. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 45.

236

l.

leguminosje.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Dalbevgia.

Tropical Himalayas, from Kumaon eastwards Assam, Griffith, Jenkins.

A twiner, with glabrous branches. Leaves 6>-10 in. long; leaflets the same shape
and size as in D. lanceolaria, but rather thinner, with a few hairs at the beginning on
the under surface. Panicles deltoid, moderately close, 3-4 in. long, with slender fine
silky branches.
Calyx
in., finely silky, the lowest tooth lanceolate, as long as the
Pod just like that of D.
Corolla under in.
tube, the others obtuse, rather shorter.
;

lanceolaria.

D. paniculata,

Roxb. Cor.

PL

8, t. 114 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 227; erect,

flowers in copious axillary and terminal panicles with racemoso-corymbose branchlets, pedicels very short, calyxteeth as long as the tube" pod glabrous 1-3-seeded rather thickened and veined
opposite the seeds. DC. Prodr. ii. 417; W. $ A. Prodr. 265; Wall. Cat.
toD; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. FL 78; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv.,
5848,
Suppl. 45 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 88.

20.

9-15 obtuse glabrous or nearly

leaflets

ii.

so,

Plains of the

Western Peninsula.

ultimate branches clothed with short erect grey-brown silky

and texture. Panicle
very different, mainly terminal, but much less ample, the branches always densely
pubescence,
main
ones
erecto-patent.
with
brown
silky
the
Calyx in., subdotted
Corolla twice the length of the calyx, the limb of the standard
sessile, densely silky.
not more than in. broad, without any callosity at the base, the keel much shorter
than the other petals. Pod just like that of D. lanceolaria.
tall erect tree, the

pubescence.

Leaflets like those of D. lanceolaria in shape, size

B. glomeriflora, Kurz

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 70

7-9 acute slightly pubescent beneath, flowers in congested
panicles, pedicels nearly obsolete, calyx-teeth obtuse, pod unknown.
21.

erect,

leaflets

Birma, at Prome, Kurz.

middle-sized erect tree, with fulvo-tomentose branchlets. Leaflets ovate-oblong

or obovate, 2-2^ in. long, thinly coriaceous, glabrous above. Panicle subcapitate,
with villose branches. Calyx glabrous, g- in. Corolla white, a little longer than the
Ex Kurz loc. cit.
calyx.

22. X>. hircina, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Sujypl. 46

erect, leaflets
17-25 obtuse both surfaces clothed with short persistent grey hairs, flowers in
short congested axillary corymbose panicles, pedicels ebracteate as long as the
calyx, calyx-teeth nearly as long as the tube, pod small glabrous 1-3-seeded
slightly thickened but not veined opposite the seeds.
Wall. Cat. 5871 B,
not A.
;

Central and Eastern Himalayas,

Bhotan, ascending to 4000 ft.

tropical zone

from Garwhal and

Kumaon

to

Leaf-rachis 6-10 in. long, finely grey-downy leaflets obtuse at both ends, firm,
with veins rather raised, emarginate at the apex, 1-1^ in. long. Panicles shortCalyx
peduncled, 1-2 in. long, with densely pubescent ascending branches.
in.
Corolla scarcely more than twice the length of the calyx
long, densely pubescent.
standard obovate, in. broad keel distinctly shorter than the wings. Pod much
smaller than that of its allies, often 3-4-seeded, 1-1^ in. by \ in., obtuse or subacute,
narrowed gradually into a stalk twice as long as the calyx.
;

D. Thomsoni, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 33 scandent,

9-11 glabrous obtuse, flowers in copious ample terminal and axillary
panicles, ultimate branches secund cymose, pedicels very short minutely bracteate, calyx-teeth minute, pod thin greenish rather oblique slightly thickened
and veined opposite the solitary seed.
23.

leaflets

Upper Assam,

Griffith.

Kasia, 2-4000

ft..

Hook.

fit. <$

Thomson.

;;

Dalbenjia.]

l.

leguminose.

(J. G.

237

Baker.)

Leaflets very
climber, with even the branches of inflorescence nearly glabrous.
firm in texture, greenish on both surfaces, f-1 in. long, obtuse, slightly emarginate.
Inflorescence mainly terminal, the principal branches erecto-patent, the ultimate ones
forming distinct elongated scorpioid cymes. Flowers much smaller than in any of its
neighbours and very deciduous, the minute pedicels subtended by lanceolate bracts as
Corolla under | in. long. Pod 2-2^
in., subglabrous.
Calyx
long as themselves.
in., thin and mot turning brown, narrowed from the middle to a very short
in. by

stalk, the

lower suture

much more rounded than

the upper one.

24. X>. cana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5859 ; scandent, leaflets 15-19 acute
glabrescent, flowers in short axillary panicles with corymbose branchlets,
pedicels ebracteate as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth shorter than the tube, pod
thin flat one-seeded softly pubescent not at all thickened or veined opposite the
seed.
Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Being, xlii. 2, 70.

Moulmein,

Wallich.

Pegu and Martaban, Kurz.

Branches, leaf-rachises and leaves below thinly clothed with deciduous brown
Leaves ^1 ft. long; leaflets rieidly subcoriaceous, 1^2^ in. long,
silky hairs.
rounded at the base, narrowed to a point, the veinlets rather raised on the undersurface.
Panicles sparse, much shorter than the leaves, the erecto-patent branches finely
brown-silky.
Calyx subglabrous, -^ in. teeth lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla twice
the length of the calyx. Pod strap-shaped, straight, 2-2^ in. by ^ in., pale dull
brown, narrowed suddenly at the base to a stalk twice as long as the calyx.
;

stipulacea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 Fl. Ind. iii. 233 scandent,

17-25 obtuse glabrous or nearly so, flowers in copious axillary panicles
with elongated racemose branches, pedicels longer than the calyx with conspicuous persistent bracts and bracteoles, calyx-teeth as long as the tube, pod
firm glabrous one-seeded thickened and veined* opposite the seed.
Wight Ic. t.
453 Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 47. D. ferruginea. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 228.
D. tingens, Wall. Cat. 5860. D. cassioides. Wall. Cat. 5863. D.
D. rostrata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5867.
livida, Wall. Cat. 5866 A, in part.
25. I>.

leaflets

Eastern Himalayas, tropical zone, ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim Assam, Khasia,
Silhet, Chittagong, Pegu, Martabant, Tenasserim. Distrib. Malay isles.
Branches glabrous, or at first finely grey-downy. Leqf-rachis 4-6 in. long
leaflets moderately firm, obtuse, 1-1 in. long, glabrous, or at first minutely hairy
beneath, green above, subglaucous beneath. Panicles much shorter than the leaves,
with only a few lax ascending branches, the inflorescence readily distinguishable
from that of all the others by the conspicuous persistent oblanceolate glabrous bracts
and bracteoles. Calyx subglabrous, in. long lowest tooth linear, exceeding the
Corolla purplish, twice the length of the calyx
others.
blade of the standard,
roundish. Pod the largest and thickest of the group, 2-4 in. by 1 in., strap-shaped,
obtuse, narrowed suddenly into a stalk twice as long as the calyx.

Stjbgen. 3. Selenolobium, Benth. Stamens in two bundles of 5 each.

obliquely orbicular-oblong, rather recurved, usually 1-seeded.

Pod

mcnosperma,

Dalz. in Keic Journ. Bot. ii. 36 scandent, spine5-7 obtuse moderately small, pod flat. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 78
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl. 48. D. torta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5879.
D. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 5848 I, ex parte.
26. IP.

less, leaflets

Shores of the Western Peninsula, Ceylon and Malayan Peninsula. Distrib.

isles, China, Philippines, N. Australia.
A wide-twining shrub, with lithe much-twisted black glabrous branches. Leaflets
usually 5, obovate-oblong, glabrous, obtuse, often emarginate, 1-1< in. long. Flowers
in sessile congested axillary panicles, 1-2 in. long, the branches only inconspicuously
downy pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx ^ in., subglabrous, with a pair of

Malay


288

L.

minute obtuse bracteoles

LEGUMlNOSvE.

(J. Gr.

;
;
;

Baker.)

Corolla \ in.
teeth short, obtuse.
calyx; standard narrow. Pod brown, flat, glabrous, under
suture recurved stalk as long as the calyx.
;

[Dalbergia.

claws as long as the

in. long, the upper

27. Z>.
leaflets

spinosa, Roxb. FL

7-9 small obtuse, pod

Linn. Soc.

iv.,

Jnd.

233;

iii.

W.

erect, branchlets spine-tipped,

A. Prodr. 266

Benth. in Journ.
D. horrida, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5877.

Suppl. 49.

flat.

8f

Shores of the Eastern and Western Peninsulas. Chittagong, Roxburgh.

A stiff erect shrub, with numerous short round horizontal branchlets, ending in
pungent spines. Leaves crowded, from the nodes of the branchlets, 1-1^ in. long
Flowers in congested sessile corymbose
leaflets firm, obovate-oblong, \-^ in. long.
Calyx
panicles, with minutely, downy branches; pedicels shorter than the calyx.
teeth short, obtuse.
Corolla whitish, twice the length ot the
^2 in., minutely downy
calyx.
Pod 1 in. long, brown, glabrous, rem" form.
;

28.

D. reniformis,

spineless,

Wight

leaflets

Lc.

Linn. Soc.

t.

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. hid. iii. 226; erect,

9-11 large acute nearly or quite glabrous, pod turgid.

261. D. flexuosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5875.

Benth. in Journ.
D. stipulata, Wall. Cat. 5868 i5, ex parte.
Suppl. 48.

iv.,

Sillet, Roxburgh, Wallich.

Pegu, Kurz. Tenasserim, Griffith.
large crooked bushy tree, with fine brown-silky branchlets. Leaves 4-8 in.
long; leaflets rigidly coriaceous, glabrescent, 1^-2 in. long, broadly rounded at the
Flowers in deltoid close axillary panicles, shorter than the leaves, the branchbase.
lets racemose, densely brown-velvety.
Calyx ^ in., campanulate, densely silky .teeth
Corolla twice the length of the calyx, white
deltoid, shorter than the .tube.
standard obovate-emarginate. Pod glabrous, rigid, usually one-seeded, an inch broad
by \-^ in., narrowed suddenly into a stalk \-^ in. long.

known

imperfectly
29.

D. stenocarpa, Kurz

species.

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliv. 2, 205.

Shrub, with the young parts clothed with golden or fulvous silky pubescence.
Leaves 5-8 in. long; leaflets 9-13, oblong, 1-1| in. long, retuse, with a minute mucro,
chartaceous, glaucescent and thinly pilose beneath.
Panicles axillary, much shorter
than the leaves rachises pilose pedicels
in.
Calyx
in., pilose
upper tooth
very short, obtuse lower very long, subulate.
Corolla and stamens unknown.
Pod
linear, 1-2 in. by in., flat, brown, thin, narrowed gradually to a long stalk, indisPod of D. Sissoo and habit of D. lanceolaria. Sikkim at
tinctly veined, 1-5 seeded.
Pankabari, Gamble. Ex Kurz loc. cit.
;

87.

FTEBOCARFUS, Linn.

Leaves with alternate coriaceous exstipellate leaflets. Floioers

yellowish, in copious panicled racemes bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous
Calyx turbinate, curved before expedicels distinctly articulated at the apex.
Petals exserted, with long claws standard and wings
pansion, the teeth short.
keel obtuse, the petals scarcely or not at all coherent.
crisped
Staminal sheath
slit both above and below, or above only the upper stamen often nearly or quite
Ovary stalked, 2-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma termianthers versatile.
free
nal. Pod orbicular, rarely other than 1-seeded, with abroad rigid wing, the point
turned down to opposite the base or near it. Distkeb. Species about 15
cosmopolitan in the Tropics.

Erect

trees.

DC. Prodr. ii. 419 leaflets 7-11 ovate acute,

1. P. indicus, Willd.
veining fine, racemes panicled, pedicels as long as the calyx, stamens 2-3adelphous, stalk of pod exceeding the calyx, beak of pod a space above the outer
base. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 77 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 23.
P.
Fl. Ind. iii. 236 DC. Prodr. ii. 418
dalbergioides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53
Wall. Cat. 5843 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 267. P. Wallichii, W. $ A. Prodr. loc. cit.
;

Pterocarpus.']

l.

leguminos-e.

Eastern and Western Peninsulas.

G. Baker.)

(J.

Distrib.

Malay

isles,

239
Philippines, China.

with ascending glabrous branches. Leaves |f ft. long leaflets moderately firm, 2-4 in. long, glabrous, rounded or deltoid at the base, always narrowed
Flowers in copious terminal
to a point petiolules ^-^ in. main veins fine, distant.
and axillary panicles, with subsecund racemose branches, clothed with fine brown pubescence; pedicels |- in., furnished with a pair of linear spreading caducous bracteoles at the apex.
Calyx \-\ in., finely brown-silky teeth rounded, the two upper
much the largest. Corolla exceeding the calyx standard f | in. broad. Pod orbicular,
2 in. broad, silky and veined against the seed, the wing ^ | in broad, the style a considerable distance above the base, pointing outwards, at a right angle with the stalk.
tall tree,

P. macrocarpus, Kurz

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 187

7-11 ovate-oblong pointed, racemes simple, pedicels as long as the calyx,
stamens diadelphous, beak of pod at the basal corner.
2.

leaflets

Martaban and Tenasserim, Kurz.

A tree,

with fulvo-pubescent branchlets. Leaves ^- ft. rachis fulvo-puberulous

l-2 in. long, at first fulvo-pubescent beneath petiolules ^-g in.
Racemes simple, axillary, fulvo-pubescent pedicels ^ ^ in. Calyx \ in., velvety.
Corolla slightly exceeding the calyx.
Pod canescent, roundish, 1^-2 in. broad wings
;

leaflets coriaceous,

subplicate.

Ex Kurz

loc. cit.

3. P. santalinus. Linn.Jil.
DC. Prodr. ii. 419 leaflets 3 ovate obtuse,
veining fine, pedicels rather shorter than the calyx, stamens 2-3-adelphous, stalk
of pod much exceeding the calvx, beak of pod at the basal corner.
Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 234
Wall. Cat 5844 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 266 Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv., Suppl. 76 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 22.
;

Western Peninsula.
Branches obscurely grey-downy. Leaflets 3 in all our specimens, but said to be
sometimes 5, 2-4 in. long, rounded at both ends, slightly emarginate, clothed with obscure adpressed grey hairs below.
Racemes shorter and less copious than in P. indicus, the pedicels shorter.
Calyx ~l in. teeth deltoid, minute. Limb of standard not
longer than the calyx. Pod silky at first, the same size as in P. indicus, but the centre
more turgid, wing narrower and style brought down to the basal corner.
;

4. P. Blarsupium, Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. t. 116; Fl. Ind. iii. 234; leaflets
5-7 oblong usually obtuse, veins close and prominent, pedicels shorter than the
calyx, stamens monadelphous, stalk of pod scarcelv exceeding the calvx, beak of
pod at the basal corner. DC. Prodr. ii. 418 W'. 8f A. Prodr. 266 "Wall. Cat.
5842 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 21 Balz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 76. P. bilobus, Roxb.
;

MSS.

'

O. Bon, Gen. Syst.

ii.

376.

Plains of the Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Leaflets thicker than in the others, green and glabrous on both surfaces, 3-5 in. long,
obtuse or subacute, sometimes slightly or deeply emarginate, often twice as long as
broad, the main veins much closer, more numerous, and more prominent than in the
others. Racemes ample, copious, lateral and terminal, the branches thinly clothed with
brown pubescence pedicels 2\-^ in. Calyx |-| in., finely brown-downy teeth deltoid,
the two upper ones the largest.
Corolla twice the length of the calyx sheath of
stamens sometimes finally split down the keel as well as the top. Pod 1-2 in. broad,
the same shape as in the last, but the seed smaller and wing broader.
-

88.

PONGAMIA,

Vent.

Calyx
Flowers racemed.
Arborescent or fruticose. Leaves odd-pinnate.
standard broad keel
campanulate, nearly truncate.
Corolla much exserted
obtuse, the petals cohering at the tip.
Stamens monadelphous, the upper filament free low down; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary subsessile, 2-ovuled;
;

240

leguminosje.

L.

(J. G.

Baker.)

[Pongamia.

stigma capitate. Pod woody, flattened, oblong, indewinged or thickened at the sutures. Distrib. A single species,
with the habit of Derris from which it differs only in the pod.
style incurved, glabrous,

hiscent, not at all

1. P. glabra, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 28; DC. Prodr. ii. 416; Wall. Cat.
5878; W. 8r A. Prodr. 262; Wight Ic. t. 59; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 177. Galedupa indica, Lam. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 239. G.
arborea, Poxb. Sort. Beng. 53.
Robinia mitis, Linn. Sp. 1044. Dalbergia
arborea, Willd. Sp. iii. 901.
Legum. indet. Wall. Cat. 5979. Rheede Hort.
Mai. vi. t. 3.
;

Central and East Himalayas, to Ceylon and Malacca,

Malay isles, N. Australia, Polynesia, Seychelles.

Distrib.
A

especially near the coast.

or climber, with glabrous branches and leaves. Leaflets 5-7, opoblong or ovate, pointed, stalked, 2-4 in. long. Flowers in simple
peduncled axillary racemes, nearly as long as the leaves pedicels 2-4-nate, \$ in.,
with a- pair of minute bracteoles in the middle. Corolla \ in. standard silky on the
back. Pod- woody, glabrous, ^-\ in. thick, l|-2 in. long, with a short decurVed point.
tall erect tree

posite, snbcoriaceous,

89.

DERRIS, Lour.

Climbers, rarely erect trees. Leaves odd-pinnate, with exstipellate leaflets.

Flowers copious, usually fascicled, showy, in axillary or terminal racemes or paCorolla much exserted
nicles.
Calyx campanulate, nearly truncate.
standard
broad keel obtuse, the petals cohering slightly. Stamens usually monadelphous,
Ovary sessile, few-ovuled
the upper one free in Aganope anthers versatile.
Pod rigid, thin, flat, indehiscent, obstyle incurved, filiform, stigma capitate.
long if one-seeded, strap-shaped if few-seeded, with a distinct wing down the
upper or both sutures. Distrib. Species about 40, belting the world in the
tropics, but most abundant in our area.
;

Sect.

1.

Brachypterum, W. 8f A. Pod thin,

or less broad),

winged along the upper suture.

comparatively small.

Climbers or erect

strap-shaped, narrow ( in.

Stamens monadelphous. Leaflets

trees.

scandens,

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 103; scandent,

leaflets 9-18 obtuse or acute equal at the base, flowers in very long racemes with
distant nodes and many flowers to a fascicle with unequal pedicels.
Dalbergia
Fl. Lnd. iii. 232 DC. Prodr. ii. 417 Wall.
scandens, Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. t. 192
Wight Lc. t. 275. D. timoriensis, DC. Prodr.
Cat. 5857 ; W. A. Prodr. 264
Pongamia coriacea, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5905. Brachypterum scandens,
ii. 417.
Dalz. 8f Gibs: Bomb. Fl. 76.Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 22.
2>,

1.

Eastern Himalayas, Bengal, Western Peninsula, Chittagong, Siam, Ceylon.

Malay isles, China, N. Australia.

Distrib.

A wide-climbing shrub, with branchlets and leaves

below at first obsurely greyLeaves -| ft. long leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong,
1-2
bright
green,
in.
long.
Flowers
in
short-stalked,
very copious short-peduncled
simple axillary racemes, often twice as long as the leaves, with raised nodes, produced sometimes into short branches, bearing each a cluster of pedicels |- in. long,
the different flowers from the same node expanding at different times.
Calyx in.,
Corolla pale rose, 3 times the length of the calyx.
thinly grey-silky teeth obscure.
Ovules 6-8. Pod 1-3 in. by f-^ in., narrowed to both ends, 1-4-seeded, glabrous,
turgid, and smooth against the seeds, the wing not more than
in. broad.

downy.

parviflora, Benth.

in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv., Suppl.

105; scandent,
7-9 subacute equal at the base, flowers in simple racemes shorter than
the leaves, pedicels 1-3-nate subequal.
Brachypterum elegans, Thwaites,
2.

X>.

leaflets

Enum.

93.

Derris.]

l.

leguminos*;.

(J.

G. Baker.)

241

Ceylon, Thwaites.

climber, quite glabrous in all its parts, even the pedicels and calyx.
Leaflets
rigidly subcoriaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong, 1^-2 in. long, green above, rather
glaucous beneath. Racemes axillary, short-peduncled, 2-4 in. long pedicels twice the
in.
teeth deltoid, minute. Corolla \ in.,
Calyx campanulate,
length of the calyx.
Ovules 2. Pod ligulate, glabrous,
the claws of the petals -as long as the calyx.
;

1|-2|

in.

by

in.

3. I>. robusta, Benth. in Jown. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 104; erect, leaflets
7-19 usually acute oblique at the base, flowers in elongated racemes, pedicels
Dalbergia robusta, Roxb.
unequal several to a fascicle exceeding the calyx.
Wight Ic. t. 244. D. Krowee, Roxb. Fl.
Hort. Beng. 53 DC. Prodr. ii. 417
Ind. iii. 229. D. Orowei, DC. Prodr. loc. cit. Brachypterum robustum, Dalz.
;

Gibs.

8f

Bomb. Fl.

77.

Eastern Himalayas, Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

An erect tree, 30-40 ft. high, with branchlets and leaves below obscurely greyLeaves i-| ft. long; leaflets 1-2 in. long, not so coriaceous as in D. scandens,
silky.
green and glabrous above, grey and obscurely silky beneath. Racemes like those of D.
scandens, but seldom exceeding the leaves, the flowers densely fascicled and nodes
liable to be produced in the same way ; pedicels ^-\ in., finely grey-downy.
Calyx
i in. long teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla whitish, 3-4 times the calyx standard
Pod 1-5-seeded, narrowed to both ends, glabrous, 1-2^ in.
erect, with a round blade.
long, | in. broad, the wing more distinct than in D. scandens, sometimes
in.
;

broad.
4.

D. dalberg-ioides, Baker

erect, leaflets

25-33 obtuse rather oblique

close snorter than the leaves, pedicels unequal densely

at the base, racemes

fascicled.

Tenasserim, Heifer. Malacca, Maingay. Distrib. Java.

Parish.
small spreading tree, 1 5-20 ft. high, with branchlets, pedicels and calyx brownLeaves 6-8 in. long; leaflets close, short-stalked, not more than an inch long,
silky.
rounded at both ends, emarginate, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark green above,
pale green beneath, the veins immersed. Flowers in copious short-peduncled racemes,
like those of D. scandens and robusta, but the nodes more crowded pedicels and calyx
Corolla rose-coloured, 4 times the
long teeth minute, deltoid.
in
each about
blade of the standard oblong.
Pod just like that of B.
length of the calyx

Martaban,

robusta.

Sect. II. Euderris. Rohust climbers, with the habit of Millettia and LonFlowers showy, in copious axillary racemes or
chocarpus.
Leaflets large.
panicles, with the nodes often produced into short branchlets.
Stamens monadelphous. Pods flattened, broader than in the last group and distinctly winged
down one or both sutures.
*

Pod

distinctly

winged down the upper suture

t Leaflets few; standard not callose at the

only.

base.

(Euderris, Benth.)

uliginosa,

Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252; branches glabrous, leaflets

oblong subacute, flowers middle-sized in
short-peduncled axillary racemes which are sometimes obscurely panicled. Benth.
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77.
i?i Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 107
Pongamia
Wall. Cat. 5879
uliginosa, DC. Prodr. ii. 416
W. 8f A. Prodr. 262. P. reliP. triphylla, Wt. loc. cit. Suppl. t. 41.
giosa, Wt. in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 301.
Galedupa uliginosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 ; Ft. Lnd. iii. 243. Robinia uliginosa, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1133.
Dalbergia heterophylla, Willd.; DC. Prodr.
.

o.

2>.

3t-5 middle-sized rigidly subcoriaceous

ii.

417.
VOL.

II.

242

L.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Derris.

Eastern Himalayas, Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Distrib.

China, N.

Australia, Polynesia, Madagascar, Zambesi-land.

wide-climbing shrub, with branchlets and leaves quite glabrous from an early
Leaves distinctly petioled, - ft. long; leaflets usually 5, distinctly stalked,
stage.
narrowed to a point, 2-4 in. long, the lowest "pair shorter, orate, the vpins not prominent on either surface. Racemes short-peduncled, 2-4 in. long, the lower nodes often
produced into short branches pedicels fascicled, as long as the calyx. Calyx camCorolla rose-red, f in. long blade of
in., subglabrous
teeth obscure.
panulate,
standard round, not callose. Pod sessile, glabrous, 1-2-seeded, obliquely roundish or
oblong, 1-1 in. by 1 in., thin, flat, prominently veined, with a distinct narrow wing to
plant gathered at Malacca by Griffith differs by its thicker and
the upper suture.
more rigid leaves and longer pedicels. It is referred by Bentham to D. trifoliata,
Lour. Fl. Cochin. 433 (D. afiinis, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252), but the pod is unknown.

D. vestita, Baker

branches clothed with dense brown pubescence,

5 large obovate-oblong rigidly coriaceous, flowers middle-sized in sescongested axillary racemes.

6.

leaflets
sile

Malacca, Maingay.

and under surface of the leaves densely covered with

3-6 in. long, glabrous and rather glossy above,
pointed, with conspicuous main veins raised on the under-

climber, with the branches

soft short

brown pubescence.

Leaflets

rather rounded at the base,

surface. Panicles 1-2 in. long, sometimes fascicled pedicels equalling or rather exceedteeth obscure.
Corolla red, in. long
Calyx
ing the calyx.
-> finely pubescent
standard with a round not callose blade. Pad just like that of D. uliginosa in texture,
veining and shape, but thinly clothed with fine brown pubescence.
;

D. elegans,

Benth. Bl. Jungh. i. 252 branches clothed with fine

5-7 large obovate-oblong subcoriaceous, flowers large
in short sessile axillary racemes. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 109. Pongamia elegans and P. floribunda, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5883, 5884.
7.

brown pubescence,

Birma

leaflets

Phanoe and Trogla hills, Wallich. Tenasserim, Griffith.

Leaves, including the petiole, a foot long, thin but subcoriaceous, thinly clothed be;

neath with evanescent fine brown pubescence leaflets narrowed to a subobtuse point,
rounded at the base, the end one 6-8 in. long. Racemes dense or sublax, 2-4 in. long,
pedicels - J in., the
clothed with fine brown pubescence on the rachis and pedicels
Calyx under in., broadly campanulate teeth oblower nodes sometimes produced.
Corolla bright red, in. long blade of standard round, not callose.
scure.
Pod just
like that of D. vestita.
;

8. D. paniculata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 105; branchlets

clothed with fine very short brown pubescence, leaflets 5-7 middle-sized obovateoblong rigidly coriaceous, flowers very small in copious peduncled elongated
Brachypteruni Benthami, Thwaites Enum. 93.
panicles.

Ceylon, Walker, Thwaites.

Branches slender, terete, soon glabrescent. Leaflets subacute, rounded at the base,
thick and rigid in texture, 2-4 in. long, not prominently veined, glabrescent from an
early stage. Panicles copious, reaching a foot long, with numerous slender curved
branches, clothed with finely silky brown pubescence pedicels ^-^ in.
in.,
Calyx
between tubular and campanulate, brown-silky, with short obscure teeth. Corolla red,
Pod 1-2-seeded, 1-2 in. by f in., rigid in texture, turgid against
scarcely \ in. long.
the seeds, persistently brown-silky, not veined, with a wing under
broad down
in
the upper suture.

ft Leaflets many.
(Paraderris, Benth.)
9.

D. oblong-a,

Standard with two

callosities

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

at the base of the limb.

iv.

Suppl. 112

branches

Deri-is.]

L.

LEGUMiNOsas.

(J.

G. Baker.)

243

subglabrous, leaflets 9-15 small oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, racemes much

D. ovalifolia, Benth PI.
shorter than the leaves, standard glabrous, pod broad.
Jungh. i. 252, in part ; Thwaites Enum. 92. Pongamia elongata, Grah. in Wall.
Cat 5915, not 5886.

Concan, Stocks.

The most

Ceylon, Gardner, &c.

like a Dalbergia in foliage of the species of this section, but

very different

Leaves distinctly petioled, not more than half a foot long; leaflets the
smallest of the group, l-2 in. long by ^-f in., obtuse or subacute, quite glabrous,
rigidly subcoriaceous when mature, rather glaucous beneath, the veins immersed.
Racemes copious, moderately close, subsessile, many of the nodes produced into short
spreading branchlets pedicels rather exceeding the calyx, finely grey-silky.
Calyx
^ in. long. Corolla \ in. long; standard reflexed, nearly in. broad. Pod one-seeded
in all our specimens, oblong, lin. by f-|- in., thin but firm, glabrous, with a distinct
wing down the upper suture.
in the flowers.

10. X>. cuneifolia, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 253 branches subglabrous, leaflets
5-11 middle-sized obovate-oblong subcoriaceous, racemes much shorter than the
leaves, standard glabrous, pod narrow.
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl.
112.
G aledupa marginata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; Fl. Ind. iii. 241. Pongamia marginata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5896. P. cuneifolia and P. monadelpha,
;

Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5887, 5906.

P. obovata, Wall. Cat. 5897.

Eastern Himalayas, Nipal, and Sikkim

ascending to 5000 ft. in Silhet and
Eastern Peninsula.
Leaves distinctly-petioled, ^-f ft. long
leaflets usually 5-7, moderately firm,
slightly silky at first beneath, 3-5 in. long, subobtuse or acute, the veins immersed.
Flowers very copious, the nodes of the racemes usually produced into branchlets racemes sometimes fascicled
Calyx ^ in., subglapedicels finely grey-downy, - in.
blade of the standard
brous, broadly campanulate.
Corolla -^ in., bright red
round. Pod 1-3-seeded, 2-3 in. by | in., thin, flat, glabrous, with a narrow distinct wing down the upper suture and sometimes a trace of one on the lower.
;

11. D. microptera, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 113 branches
subglabrous, leaflets 5-9 large membranous obovate-oblong cuspidate, racemes
long and lax, standard glabrous, pod broad.
;

Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft., Koolc. fit

Closely allied to D. cuneifolia, and even more showy.
Leaves a foot or more long,
distinctly petioled
leaflets 3-6 in. long, twice as long as broad, membranous, green,
glabrous on both surfaces from an early stage, with a very distinct cusp. Eacemes
peduncled, flexuose, -1 ft. long, with distant nodes, the axils and pedicels nearly
glabrous, the nodes not produced into branchlets pedicels - in.
Calyx ^ in.,
broadly campanulate.
Corolla ^-f in., bright red standard erect, f- in broad. Pod
1-2-seeded, 1|- 3 in. by 1 in., glabrous, thin, firm ; wing very narrow.
;

12. X>. elliptica, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. Ill
branches
denselv clothed with brown pubescence, leaflets 9-13 large subcoriaceous obovate-oblong, racemes lax elongated, standard silky on the back, pod narrow. Pongamia elliptica, Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 20, t. 237 ; Cat. 5881 Wight. Jc. t. 420.
Galedupa elliptica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53 Fl. Ind. iii. 242. Pongamia dubia,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5899. P. volubilis, Zoll. cy Moritz. Verz. 3. P. Horsfieldii and hypoleuca, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 148-9.
;

Martaban, Birma, Penang, Malacca. Distrib. Siam, Malay isles.

A large handsome climber, easily distinguished from all the other species by its
petals silky on the outside. Leaves long-petioled, a foot or more long; leaflets thin, but
firm when mature green and glabrous above, glaucous and thinly brown-silky beneath,

E2

244

L.

leguminosj;.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Derris.

4-6

Racemes \-\ ft. long,

in. long, usually twice as long as broad, obtuse or pointed.
obtuse, very lax, with nodes copiously produced into branchlets, the axis and pedicels
densely clothed with brown pubescence pedicels - in.. Calyx very broad, densely silky.
Corolla bright red, f in. long blade of standard round, |-f in. broad. Pod 2-3 in. by
f in., 1-3-seeded, thin, flat, with raised sutures, the upper one with a narrow distinct
;

wijig.

**

Pod more

or

less distinctly

winged down both sutures

(Dipteroderris,

Benth.)
13. 3>. brevipes, Baker ; leaflets 5-7 glabrous obovate-oblong middlesized acute or subobtuse, racemes copiously panicled with densely pubescent
branches, pedicels shorter than the calyx, corolla middle-sized, pod persistently
Derris Heyneana, var. brevipes, Benth in Journ.
silky the lower wing obscure.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 110.

Concan, Stocks, Nilohiris, Hohenacker. Mysore, Cleghorn.

Branches and leaves on both surfaces glabrous. Leaflets moderately firm, 2-3 in. long,
rounded at the base, obtuse or acute, the upper surface rather glossy, the veins below
Flowers crowded on the short branchlets of
little raised, the colour grey-green.
copious ample axillary panicles, which are as long as the leaves, with ascending
Calyx under in., densely
branches, densely clothed with short brown pubescence.
Corolla red, 3 times the length of the calyx
standard obovate, not callose.
silky.
Pod broad, oblong, 1-seeded, 1^-1^ in. by 1 in., persistently brown-silky, with a narrow
wing down the upper and a very obscure one down the lower suture.
Var. coriacea, Benth. leaflets much thicker and very rigid glossy above, flowers
nearly sessile. Nilghiris, Hohenacker, 1598.
;

14. D. eualata, Bedd. Ic. PI Ind. Or. 42, t. 186; leaflets 7-9 oblong
middle-sized obtusely pointed, racemes copiously panicled with densely pubescent branches, pedicels as long as the calyx, corolla middle-sized, pod glabrous,
lower wing as broad as upper.

Western Peninsula ; common in plains of South Canaraand Malabar, and at the

foot of the Coorg ghauts, Beddome.
gigantic creeper, with brown silky branchlets.
Leaflets subcoriaceous, glabrous,
Flowers in axillary racemes and an ample
2-3 in. long, the veinlets little raised.
Calyx
panicle often 1 ft. long at the end of the branches pedicels fascicled, ^- in.
- in., densely brown-silky. Corolla reddish, scarce in. standard not callose. Pod
ligulate, thin, 4-5 in. by 1-1J in., 1-3-seeded, each wing in. broad.

leaflets 5 glabrous obo15. I>. Heyneana, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252

vate-oblong middle-sized subobtuse, racemes copiously panicled with obscurely
grey-downy branches, pedicels as long or longer than the calyx, corolla small,
Benth. in Journ.
pod glabrous with a distinct wing down the lower suture.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 110; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77. Pongamia Heyneana,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5916.
;

Concan, Stocks, Law.

Mysore, Heyne.

slender climber, glabrous in all its parts,' except the branches of the panicle..
Leaflets moderately firm, grey-green, obtusely pointed, broadly rounded at the base,
2-4 in. long, the veins immersed. Panicles copious, axillary, as long as the leaves,
with numerous very slender ascending branches, with the subdistant nodes produced
Calyx
Corolla rose-red,
in., subglabrous.
into short branchlets pedicels A- in.
i_l in. blade of standard roundish. Pod oblong or ligtilate, 1-3-seeded, 4^-4 in. by
2-1 in., thin, firm, rather glossy and veined, the wing of the upper suture -% in.
broad, of the lower much narrower.
Var. paniculata leaflets 5-7 considerably smaller and especially narrower, panicles a foot long very lax with branches clothed with fine silky pubescence, pedicels
;

Derm.]

L.

leguminos^.

(J. G.

Baker.)

245
P. Heyneana, W.

P. paniculata, Wight, Herb. 920.

3 times as long as the calyx.
A. Prodr. .263.Western Peninsula, Wight.

16. D. marg-inata, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 232; leaflets 5-7 large subcoriaceous obovate-oblong glabrous, racemes copiously panicledwith glabrous branches,
pedicels 3-4 times the calyx, corolla middle-sized, pod glabrous very distinctly
winged down the lower suture. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 111.
Wight. Ic. t. 87.
Dalbergia marginata, Roxb. Hoi-t. Beng. 53 Fl. Ind. iii. 241
Pongamia eniarginata, Wall. Cat. 5909. P. reflexa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5898.
;

Eastern Himalayas, tropical

showy climber, glabrous in

zone,

Khasia and Silhet, ascending

Leaves ^-f ft. long

all its parts.

to
;

3000

leaflets

ft.

mode-

rately firm, rather glossy above, \-\ ft. long, narrowed into a distinct cusp, the veins
little raised.
Panicles as long as the leaves, with several spreading slander laxin., broader than
flowered branches pedicels usually solitary, ^ in. long.
Calyx
deep when expanded. Corolla pale red, ^-f in. long standard \ in. broad, not callose.
Pod thin, flat, ligulate-oblong, glabrous, flexible, finely veined, 3-4 in. by 1^-1 \ in.,
the upper wing \-\ in. broad, the lower narrower,

17. X>. platyptera, Bake?", leaflets 5-7 large subcoriaceous oblong subacute glabrous, racemes copiously panicled with silky branches, pedicels as long
as the calyx, corolla middle-eized, pod glabrous very distinctly winged down the

lower suture.

Malabar near Calicut, Wight.

Branches glabrous. Leaves l ft. long; leaflets obtusely pointed, 3-6 in. long,
broadly rounded at the base, thin, flexible, finely retieulato-venulose petiolules in.
Panicles as long as the leaves, with numerous short ascending fine silky branches pedicels close, but not fascicled.
Calyx in., subtruncate, finely silky. Corolla under
Pod 3-4 in. by 1 in., including the wings, thin, flat, glossy, glabrous, retieulato\ in.
venulose, one-seeded, narrowed to both ends, the upper wing \ in. broad.
;

18. D. amoena, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252: leaflets 5-7 subcoriaceous glabrous middle-sized not glaucous beneath, racemes in copious panicles with glabrous branches, corolla small, pedicels exceeding the calyx, pod glabrous narrowly
winged down the lower suture. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 110.
Pongamia amoena, Wall. Cat. 5912.

Martaban,

Malacca, Maingay.
Wallieh.. Tenasserim, Griffith.
Leaves about ^ ft. long leaflets moderately
climber, glabrous in all its parts.
firm, glossy above, 3-4 in. long, oblong-cuspidate, the veins not prominent.
Paniclts
equalling or exceeding the leaves, the nodes often produced into branchlets, the flowers
close and pedicels densely fascicled ; pedicels - in.
Calyx
in.
Corolla under
\ in., bright red. Pod thin, glabrous, ligulate-oblong, flexible, finely veined, 3-4 in. by
l-l in., the upper wing \ in. broad, the lower distinct, but much narrower.

19. X>. XMEaing'ayaxia, Baker

leaflets 5-7 oblong rigidly coriaceous
middle-sized glabrous glaucous beneath, flowers iu panicled racemes with glabrous
branches, corolla middle-sized, pedicels equalling or rather exceeding the -calyx,
pod glabrous narrowly winged down the lower suture.
;

Singapore, Maingay.
Closely allied to D. amozna, with which

it agrees in general habit, pod and inflorescence, differing in its rather larger more rigidly coriaceous leaves glaucous beneath,
and larger flowers, which are in. long with a standard with a round ecallose wing,

rounded suddenly to a long claw.

20. D. ferrugrinea, Benth. PL Jungh. i. 252 leaflets 5-9 large- obovateoblong finely ferrugineo-pubescent beneath, racemes copiously panicled with
;

246

L.

leguminos^:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[perris.

densely pubescent branches, pedicels exceeding the calyx, corolla middle-sized,

pod fmely pubescent with the wing down the lower suture

distinct or obscure.
Robinia ferruginea, Roxb. Fl. Jnd.
Suppl. 109.
P. oblonga, Wall. Cat.
ferruginea, Wall. Cat. 5885.

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

329.
5893.
iii.

Pongamia

iv.

Birma, Wallich.
tropical zone, Assam and Silhet.
Branchlets clothed with dense ferruginous pubescence. Leaflets 4-6 in. long, cuspidate or subobtuse, rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above,
finely pubescent, especially on the main raised veins beneath. Panicles axillary, peduncled, | 1 ft. long, with slender ascending branches, clothed with dense ferruginous
pubescence; pedicels in., fascicled and nodes often produced into branchlets. Calyx
^in. teeth deltoid, minute. Corona rose-red, three times the. length of the calyx;
standard emarginate, in. broad. Young pod densely brown-silky old nearly glabresoent, 2-3 in. by 1 in., oblong or ligulate-oblong, rigid in texture, obscurely veined
on the faces, the sutures much raised, the wing of the upper -% in. broad, the wing of
the lower one sometimes not perceptible.

Eastern Himalayas,

21. D. canarensis, Baker; leaflets 15-21 middle-sized oblanceolateoblong pubescent beneath, flowers in terminal panicles with pubescent branches,
standard callose, pod winged down the lower suture. Pongamia canarensis,
Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ. ii. 37. Brachypterum canarense, Dalz fy Gibs.

Bomb.

Fl. 76.

Concan, near Garsuppa, Dalzell.

Leaves a ft. long leaflets 2-2^ in. by \ in., glabrous above. Panicles terminal,
shorter than the leaves racemes simple, the branches ferrugineo-pubescent pedicels
Corolla reddish.
Ovary hirsute, 2-3 ovuled. Pod flat, oval or
fascicled in threes.
Dalzell, loc. cit.
elliptic, pointed at both ends winged on both sides, 1^ in. long,
Appears to connect Paraderris and Dipteroderris.
;

Ag-anope,

Miguel. Habit of Fuderris, but the racemes in

with the nodes not produced into branchlets, and the
upper stamen- distinctly free from the rest down to the base.
Sect. III.

ample thyrsoid

panicles,

22. D. sinuata, Thivaites Fnum. 93

leaflets subobtuse half as long
again as broad, pedicels as long as the calyx, pod large deeply indented between
the seeds narrowly winged down the upper suture. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
Pongamia sinuata, Wall. Cat. 5911. P. grandifolia, Grah. in
iv., Suppl. 113.
Wall. Cat. 5882, not Zoll. $ Moritz.
;

Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim, Malacca, Ceylon. Distrib. Malay isles.

A robust climber, with glabrous branches and leaves. Leaflets 5-7, ovate- or
obovate-oblong, 4-6 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, all but the main veins immersed.
Panicles |-1 ft. long, with numerous ascending thinly brown-silky branches pedicels
Calyx in., thinly silky, broadly campanulate, circumscissile above the base.
-:[ in.
Corolla \ in., turning dark purple when dried
standard erect, with a round ecallose
Pod very different from that of any of the other species, 1-4-seeded, 2-8 in.
blade.
by \-l\ in., smooth, firm, finely veined, the wing usually not more than
in. broad,
and sometimes not perceptible.
;

23. D. thyrsiflora, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 114; leaflets
acute twice as long as broad, pedicels close very, short, pod comparatively small
not indented between fhe seeds, both sutures distinctly winged. Millettia
thyrsiflora, Benth. PI. Jungh. 249.
Amerimnum obovatum, Hamilt. MSS.
Pongamia? Wall. Cat. 9054. Aganope floribunda, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 151.

Eastern Himalayas and the Khasia

Distrib. Malay isles.

sula.

Mts., ascending to 4000

robust climber, with glabrous branches and leaves.

ft.;

Eastern Penin-

Leaflets 5-9,

oblong or

Derri.s.~]

L.

leguminosj:.

(J.

Q. Baker.)

247

obovate-oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous, 4-6 ill. long, the veinlets distinct in the dried
specimens. Panicles -1 ft. long, -with very numerous ascending or spreading
branches, clothed with dense brown-silky pubescence, the upper ones growing
gradually shorter pedicels crowded, but not fascicled, much shorter than the calyx.
Calyx in., thinly silky. Corolla whitish, 3-4 times the calyx. Pod 1-3-seeded,
l^-3 in. by 1-1 in., thin, flat, glabrous, finely-veined, each wing - in. broad.
;

DOUBTFUL

Of the following

SPECIES.

species of Euderris the fruit is

unknown.

D. acuminata, Benth. PL Jung. i. 252. (Pongamia elongata, Grak. in Wall. Cat.

5886, non 5915. P. acuminata, Grak. in Wall. Cat. 5901.) A large climber, with
glabrous branches and leaves. Leaflets 5-7, elongate-oblong, 4-6 in. long, with a
long very distinct cusp, green on both surfaces, with the main veins raised below.
Racemes 6-9 in. long, the flowers fascicled at the distant nodes, the rachis, pedicels
and calyx with a little brown pubescence pedicels - in., equalling or exceeding
the calyx.
Corolla rose-red, f in. long.
Ovary silky, 5-6-ovuled. Nipal, Wallich
and a plant with 9-1 1 leaflets of similar shape, and shorter closer racemes of considerably larger (f in. long) bright purple flowers in Sikkim, Hook. fil.
This last
closely resembles B. micrcptera, but the standard is not callose.
;

D. secunda, Baker. (Pongamia secunda, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5890. Amerimnum

secundum, Hamilt. MSS.) Leaflets 7, oblong with a long cusp, 2-3 in. long, rigidly
coriaceous, glabrous rather shining above, the veins immersed.
Racemes like those of
B. scandens, but in a terminal panicle and in the axils of upper leaves rachis and
Calyx
pedicels finely brown-silky, the latter densely fascicled, exceeding the calyx.
Ovary
in.
Corolla reddish, in., the blade of the standard oblong, not callose.
silky.
Assam, Hamilton.
;

D. polystachya, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 114.

Branches and
leaves below glabrous.
Leaflets 5-7, subcoriaceous, acuminate, pale green on both
surfaces, twice as long as broad, 3-4 in. long, with a distinct point. Racemes long and
narrow, ^--1 ft. long, from the upper leaves and forming an end panicle, the nodes
copiously produced into branchlets, the rachises finely obscurely pubescent pedicels
exceeding the calyx, crowded on the branchlets.
Calyx in., slightly pubescent.
Corolla f-^ in., rose-red.
Ovary silky, with about 4 ovules. Khasia, 2-4000 ft.,
;

Hook. fil.

Thomson.

Sf

D. ovalifolia, Benth. PI. Jungh. i. 252, ex parte. (Pongamia ovalifolia, W. % A.

Prodr. 262
Wight Ic. t. 328.) A climber, glabrous in all its parts, with general
habit and leaves very like Balbergia volubilis. Leaflets 9, long-stalked, oblong,
Racemes
obtuse, emarginate, 1^-2 in. long, membranous, with raised veinlets.
copious, axillary, ^ ft. long, sometimes geminate, with nodes produced and very
abundant small bright red flowers pedicels twice the calyx. Calyx ~ in., broadly
Corolla \ in.
standard with a long claw and a broad blade, not
campanulate.
Ovary slightly hairy, 2-ovuled. Western Peninsula, Wight.
callose.
;

The following are probable

unknown.

species of Bipteroderris,

of which the flowers are

D. discolor, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 111.

A robust climber,
glabrous throughout. Leaves long-petioled leaflets 5-9 cbovate- oblong, 3-5 in. long,
obtusely pointed, bright green above, very glaucous below, rigidly coriaceous, with
immersed veins. Pod oblong, 1 seeded, thicker than in the other species, l-l
by |-i in., both sutures raised and furnished with a narrow distinct wing. Sikkim
and Silhet, Hook. fil. $ Thomson. A different type of the pod to the admitted
species, like that of Pongamia glabra in shape and texture, but with a double wing.
;

slender glabrous climber.. Leaflets 5-7, oblong, obtusely

D. "Wightii, Baker.
pointed, broadly rounded at the base, \-\\ in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, with
immersed veins, pale grey-green on both surfaces. Racemes much exceeding the leaves

248

L.

leguminos^;.

A
;

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Euchresta.

produced nodes. Pod 1-2-seeded, 1-2 in. by -| in., thin, but firm, rather
veined, persistently brown-silky, with a narrow wing down the upper and a very
obscure one down the lower suture. Western Peninsula. Shevagerry hills, Wight.
Pod clothed like that of D. brevipes, but narrower and leaves much smaller.

with

EUCHRESTA,

90.

Bennett.

Calyx deeply campanuShrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers racemed.

Corolla much exserted
late, very oblique ; teeth 5, deltoid, very short.
standard narrow ; keel obtuse, its petals scarcely cohering. Stamens diadelphous (9, 1), but the filaments fastened very slightly anthers versatile. Ovary
Pod the size of an
long-stalked, 1-2-ovuled j style filiform, stigma capitate.
Distrib. Species
olive, turgid, rather fleshy, filled up with the solitary seed.
2, the other Japanese.
;

E. Korsfieldii, Bennett

1.

PI.

Andira

Linn. Soc: iv., Suppl. 118.

DC. Prodr. ii. 476.
t. 12

Jav. Par. 148,

t.

31

Horsfieldii, Lesch. in

Benth. in Journ.
16, 481,

Ann. Mus.

Khasja Mts..

HooJc.fil.

Thomson.

Distrib.

Java, Formosa.

An

Leaves long-petioled leaflets

erect shrub, with glabrous leaves and branches.
3-5, oblong, acute, ^ ft. long, subcoriaceous, opposite, subsessile, pale green, the
Flowers (not seen in Indian specimens) in simple peduncled
veins immersed.
pedicels geminate, minutely bracteate, snorter than the calyx.
Corolla
racemes
;

pure white,

-|

in. long,

Pod

twice the length of the calyx.

oblong, purplish-black,

in. long.

91.

DALHOUSIEA,

Grab..

climbing shrub. Leaves 1-foliolate. Floicers in axillary corymbs. Calyx

campanulate teeth short, deltoid. Corolla exserted petals equal in length
standard broad keel obtuse. Stamens free anthers uniform, oblong, versatile.
Ovary subsessile, few-ovuled; style filiform, stigma capitate.
Pod oblong,
subcompressed, dehiscent, rigidly coriaceous, continuous within, 1-3-seeded.
single species, with a peculiar distribution, as it is known only in the East
Himalayas and Angola.
;

1.

D. bract eat a,

Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5339

lyria bracteata, Roxb. Cor. PI.

iii. t.

259

Fl. Ind.

Wight

ii.

Lc.

t.

Poda-

265.

317.
,

Eastern Himalayas,

tropical region, Assam, Silhet, and Chtttaqong.

subscandent shrub, with slender finely grey-downy branches. Leaves simple,

distinctly petioled, oblong, acute or obtuse, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, 4-12 in.
long; stipules small, lanceolate, subpersistent.
Flowers in sparse lax subsessile
axillary corymbs about as long as the petioles, terminal on the branchlets, which
have several pairs of round membranous large persistent striated bracts bracteoles
like the bracts, but larger, completely hiding the flowers. Calyx ^ in., silky.
Corolla
;

whitish, twice the length of the calyx.

inch broad.

92.

Pod 2-4

in. long,

the thick discoid seeds an

SOPHORA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers showy, yellow or violetpurple, racemed or panicled.
Calyx oblique, broadly campanulate
teeth
deltoid, very short.
Corolla much exserted ; standard broad ; petals equal in
length, all with long claws keel obtuse, or appendiculate in Goebelia, with
a small hooked mucro. Sta??iens free, or obscurely connate at the very base ;
anthers uniform, versatile.
Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma
;

Sophora.']

L.

leguminos^.

(J. G.

Baker.)

249

Pod moniliform, sublignose or membranous in our species, usually

capitate.
indehiscent, the joints turgid, terete or in Edwardsia furnished with four
wings. Distrib. Species above 20, widely spread in warm countries.

Eusophora.

Pod

wingless.

* Stipules persistent, spiny.

1.

Keel obtuse, without a mucro.

Pod finally

dehiscing.

Benth. MSS. Astragalus Moorcroftianus, Wall.

Oaragana Moorcroftiana, Benth. in Boyle III. 198.

S. DXoorcroftiana,

Cat. 5933.

Western Tibet. Ladak, Moorcroft. Nubra valley, alt. 10-12,000 ft., Thomson.
Kashmir, Bellew. Distrib. Kashgar, Bellew.
A low copiously-branched shrub, with densely grey-downy branches, armed with
fine pungent spines, which are the stipules that persist, as in Caragana, long after

the leaves fall. Leaves 1| 2 in. long; leaflets 11-17, caducous, obovate, obtuse, with
a long awn, \-% in. long, subcoriaceous, pale green, finely grey-silky on both surfaces,
finally nearly glabrescent.
pedicels
Flowers in copious sparse axillary racemes
teeth short.
Calyx \ in., densely grey-silky
Corolla
shorter than the calyx.
yellow, more than twice the length of the calyx blade of standard oblong.
Pod
thinner than in the other species, 3-4 in. long, 5-6-seeded, densely pubescent.
;

** Small spineless trees with usually indehiscent pods.

2. S. tomentosa, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 95; leaflets 15-19 obovate
obtuse densely grey-downy beneath, pedicels as long as the densely grey-downy
Boxb. Fl.
Wall. Cat. 5333
calvx, flowers yellow, pod finely grev-dowhy.
Ind. ii. 316
W. $ A. Prodr. 179 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89. S. glabra, Hassk.
Mia. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 125.
;

Shores of the Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Ceylon. Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics.
Branchlets virgate, thinly persistently grey-downy. Leaves ^ ft. long leaflets
flexible, subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long, dull grey-green, thinly downy above, the veins
immersed on both surfaces. Bacemes terminal, ^ ft. long pedicels densely silky, articulated a little below the calyx.
Calyx |-f in., nearly truncate, very oblique. Corolla
|-| in. blade of standard round, veined. Pod %^ ft. long, 6-8-seeded, the oblong
hoary joints separated by a narrow neck as long as themselves.
;

3.

S. violacea,

Thwaites

Enum. 94;

leaflets

19-21 oblong obtuse

glabrous, pedicels as long as the subglabrous calyx, flowers violet, pod glabrous.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 90.

Ceylon

Galle district, Thwaites.

middle-sized shrub. Branches slender, virgate, obscurely silky at first. Leaves
-f ft. long leaflets subdistant, membranous, glabrous, f-1 in. long, bright green
Bacemes axillary, close, short-peduncled, 3-4 in. long;
above, glaucous beneath.
pedicels very slender, articulated below the apex.
Calyx -very oblique, both at the
Corolla twice the length of the calyx blade of
base and throat teeth obscure.
standard oblanceolate-spathulate, in. broad, with a very long claw. Pod 3-4 in.
long, 4-6-seeded joints oblong, veined, hard, with a narrow neck between them.
;

4.

S. glauca,

Lesch.-,

EC.

Prodr.

ii.

95;

leaflets

21-25 acute densely

silkv beneath, pedicels shorter than the denselv silky calvx, flowers purple, pod
persistently velvety.
Wall. Cat. 5334 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 179 ; Wight Ie. t.
979 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89. S. velutina, Lindl. Bat. Beg. t. 1185. Edwardsia
maderaspatana, Wight Ic. t. 1054 (except the pods).
Hills of the Western Peninsula.
Branches clothed with dense persistent grey or brown velvety pubescence. Leaves
\ ft. leaflets oblong, not acuminate, rarely subobtuse, f-1 in. long, subcoriaceous,
;


250

leguminos^;.

L.

(J. G.

[Sophora.

Baker.)

green, glabrescent above, densely grey-silky beneath, finally nearly glabrescent, the
Racemes dense, terminal, shorthairs on the midrib brown, the veinlets immersed.
Corolla
pednncled, \-^ f&. long pedicels densely silky. Calyx \ in. teeth distinct.
twice as long as the calyx blade of standard obo vat e, \ in. broad. Pod 3-4 in. long,
moderately firm, 5-6-seeded, finally dehiscing, but little moniliform when all the
seeds are matured.
;

5. S. heptaphylla, Linn.
DC. Prodr. ii. 96 leaflets 7-13 oblong
acuminate glabrescent beneath, pedicels exceeding the finely silky calyx, corolla
small yellow, pod glabrous. Am. Pug. 10; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89, ex parte.
;

Ceylon, alt. 4-7000 ft. Distrib. China.

Branchlets at first brown-silky. Leaves \-% ft. leaflets conspicuously alternate,
sub coriaceous, bright green above, 2-3 in. long, the veins rather raised on both surfaces,
glaucous beneath, rounded at the base. Racemes short-peduncled, moderately close,
- ft long pedicels \-^ in., articulated at the middle, thinly silky, the lower in
Pod
pairs.
Calyx in., thinly silky at first. Corolla twice the length of the calyx.
2-3 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, 2-4-seeded, the joints oblong, ^ in. broad, with a
distinctly
veined.
broad neck between them when theseeds all mature, the faces
;

6. SlVftfflitii, Baker
leaflets 11-15 oblong acuminate thinly pubescent
beneath, pedicels exceeding the finely silky calyx, corolla middle-sized yellow,
pod glabrous? S. heptaphylla, Wight Ic. i. 1155 Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 79 ;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89, in part, non Linn.
;

Hills of the "Western Peninsula, Mysore, Cleghorn.

Branchlets persistently brown-velvety. Leaves ^ ft. long leaflets subcoriaceous,
2-3 in. long, bright green above, very glaucous with a thin coating of bright brown
pubescence, especially on the midrib beneath, the veinlets on both sides rather raised.
Racemes lax, axillary, short-peduncled, as long as the leaves
pedicels twice the
calyx.
Calyx \ in., oblique at the mouth, persistently brown-silky teeth obscure.
Corolla more than twice the length of the calyx.
Pod 3-4 in. long, firm, indehiscent joints oblong, distinctly veined on the faces with a deep constriction between
;

them.
7.
S. acuminata, Benth. MSS.; leaflets 15-19 oblong acuminate
obscurely silky beneath, pedicels shorter than the finely silky calyx, corolla
yellow middle-sized, pod glabrous. Ormosia acuminata, Wall. Cat. 5973.

Eastern Bengal and the Eastern Himalayas,

tropical zone, ascending to 4000

ft.

Khasia, Assam, Bhotan, Mishmi.

Branchlets thinly grey-silky at

soon glabrescent. Leaves f-1 ft. leaflets

subcoriaceous, 3-4 in. long, narrowed to a very long point, the upper cuneate, the
lower rounded at the base, bright green above, glaucous beneath, with a few obscure
adpressed hairs. Racemes peduncled, moderately close, axillary much shorter than
Calyx \-^ in., very oblique, membranous, thinly grey-silky
the leaves.
teeth
Corolla bright yellow, more than twice the length of the calyx.
obscure.
Pod 3-5
in. long, 3-4-seeded, moderately firm, indehiscent, with deep constrictions between the
oblong strongly -veined joints.
first,

G-oebelia, Bunge in

hiscent.
8.

roides,

Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 628, Gen.

Keel appendiculate, with a mucro like Oxytropis.

S. alopecuroides,
Bunge

Linn.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

96.

Pod

wingless, inde-

Goebelia alopecu-

loc. cit.

"Western Tibet, temperate region, alt. 10-12,000 ft., Thomson, Falconer.

Distrib. Afghanistan, Orient.
An undershrub, with virgate branches, clothed with short adpressed grey pubescence.
Leaves^ ft. long; leaflets 15-25, pale green, oblong, subcoriaceous, obtuse,
f-1 in. long, thinly grey-downy above, densely beneath. Flowers in dense terminal
racemes ^ ft. long pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Calyx ^- in., very oblique,
;

Sophora.~\

L.

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

251

Corolla bright yellow, 3 times the length

densely pubescent teeth distinct, deltoid.
of the calyx. Pod \ in. broad, sublignose, finely downy, 6-12-seeded, the seeds close
and constrictions slight except where the ovules do not develop.
;

Edwardsia,

serlingia,

Pod

Salisb.

furnished with four distinct wings.

Key-

Bunge.

9. S. mollis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5335

flowers smaller developed before
the leaves in short crowded racemes. Edwardsia mollis, Royle'Ill. t. 32, fig. 2.
Sophora Houghiana, Wall Cat. 5336 B.
;

Plains and low hills of the north-west Hazara and the Salt range to Kumaon
and NiPal, ascending to 4000 ft.
A low spineless shrub, with finely grey-downy branches, the flowers developed
;

copious short simple ascending racemes, the leaves appearing with the fruit.
Leaves ^ ft. long leaflets 21-25, rigidly coriaceous, pale, grey green, | J in. long,
obtuse, emarginate, prominently veined, finely grey-downy.
Racemes 2-3 in. long
pedicels equalling or exceeding the calyx.
Calyx ^-\ in., very oblique, finely greyfirst in

downy. Corolla yellow, f-f in. Pod glabrous, 3-4 in. long, 5-6-seeded, the joints
with four distinct crustaceous wings and separated by distinct constrictions.
Var. hydaspidis leaves and calyx more densely and persistently silky, flowers
larger.
Salt Kange, Punjab.
;

10.

S. interrupta, Bedd.

Anal. Gen.

t.

Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 165; Fl. Sylv. 90;

flowers larger developed at the same times as the
6
Edwardsia maderaspatana, Wight Ic. t. 1054, as regards

12, fig.

leaves in their axils.

the fruit.

Hills of Mysore, alt. 2500-3000 ft., Wight, Beddome.

erect shrub.
Leaves \-\ ft. long leaflets 19-29, obtuse, emarginate, \-\\
in. long, thinner than in the last, with a few obscure hairs beneath.
Racemes distinctly peduncled, shorter than the leaves pedicels twice the length of the calyx.
Calyx \ in., very oblique, obscurely silky. Corolla bright yellow, - in. long
blade of standard round. Pod just like that of 8. mollis. This is doubtless the
plant intended by Wight, but all except the fruit in the plate appears to be drawn
from S. glauca.

A tall

IMPERFECTLY

KNOWN

SPECIES.

plant from the top of Parasnath, in Behar, seen in pod only, doubtless a new
species, comes nearest to S. Wightii, but the 13-15 leaflets are obtuse, with thinner
texture and finer veining, and the joints of the fruit smaller, with a tendency to
dehisce down the sutures.
93.

CALFURNZA,

E. Meyer.

Leaves odd-pinnate, with numerous leaflets.

Flowers
Shrubs or trees.
yellow, racemed or panicled.
Calyx broadly campanulate
teeth deltoid.
;

Corolla much exserted petals equal in length keel obtuse, rather incurved, its
petals cohering.
Stamens free anthers small, oblong, versatile. Ovary linear
stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma capitate.
Pod strap-shaped, flat,
membranous, many-seeded, indehiscent, with a narrow wing down the dorsal
suture.
Distkib. Species 6, the others Cape and Abyssinian.
;

Virgilia capensis, Lam., a well-known Cape plant, allied to Calpumia. is included

in Hohenacker's Nilghiry plants, but is only cultivated in India.

^fel C. aurea, Baker

AWL Gen.

Prodr. 179.

t.

12,

fig. 5.

in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afric. ii. 252 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 89 ;

Virgilia aurea, Lam.; DC. Prodr. ii. 98; W. 8f A.

Bobinia Heynei, Wall. Cat. 5653.

Western Peninsula, near Courtallum, and on

tain junglU Distrib. Abyssinia.

the Denkinacottah hills in

moun-

252

L.

leguminos.e.

(J. G.

Baker.)

[Pericopsis.

Branches slender, finely grey-silky. Leaflets 13-21, membranous, oblong, obtuse,

glabrous, l-l in. long. Racemes copious, short-peduncled, as long as the leaves
pedicels finely silky, much exceeding the calyx.
Calyx ^-\ in. Pod pliable, 3-4
in. long, 5-6-seeded, glaorous.

94.

PERICOPSIS,

Leaves

odd-pinnate,

racemed or panicled.

Calyx large,

tree.

with

Thwaites.

coriaceous leaflets.
Flowers
below the middle, the upper teeth

large

cleft to

Corolla little exserted ; standard round, reflexed, rather

Stamens free, as long as the corolla,
shorter than the obtuse wings and keel.
Ovary stalked, few-ovuled
recurved at the end ; anthers uniform, versatile.
Pod like that of a
style long, filiform, recurved at the end, stigma oblique.
Derris, rigid, indehiscent, flattish, strap-shaped, with a narrow wing down each
single species, endemic in Ceylon.
suture.
Distrib.
shortest, subconnate.

Thwaites Enum. 413 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 187. Dalbergia Mooniania, Thwaites Enum. 93.
D. lanceolaria, Moon Cat. 51, non
Linn.
1.

P. IVXooniana,

Ceylon, southern and central districts, Thwaites, Ferguson.

Stipules, bracts and bracteoles
large tree, with slender subglabrous branches.
leaflets 5-7, glabrous, subcoriaceous, conspicuously alternate,
minute, caducous
Flowers in sparse axillary racemes and
broad oblong, subacute, 2-3 in. long.
Calyx pedicellate, glabrous, in., leathery; teeth
terminal corymbose panicles.
lanceolate.
Corolla dark purple, yellowish at the base keel-petals slightly cohering.
Pod 3-5 in. by 1 in., 4-5 seeded, glabrous, polished.

ORBXOSXA,

95.

Jacks.

Leaves odd-pinnate.
Floivers usually in dense terminal
Erect trees.
Calyx campanulate, deeply 5-cleft, the upper teeth the shortest.
racemes.
petals all with short claws, about equal in length
Corolla not much exserted
standard round keel-petals and wings oblong, obtuse, the former not connate.
Stamens free, much incurved, often exserted when the flower expands anthers
Ovary subsessile ; style long, filiform, circinate at the end,
oblong, versatile.
stigma oblique. Pod thick, rigid or rather fleshy, turgid, 2-valved, continuous
Seeds with a bright scarlet aril or testa.
within, the sutures not winged.
Distrib. Species above 20, cosmopolitan in the tropics.
;

* Leaflets glabrous beneath.

O. robusta, Wight

Seeds {where known) large.

245 (Sophora in tab.) ; leaflets 7-11 oblong

lanceolate dark green, racemes crowded in terminal panicles, pedicels shorter
than the calyx, pod oblong with the valves round on the back. O. floribunda,
Wall. Cat. 5337. Sophora robusta, Roxb. Hort. Peng. 31. Arillaria robusta,
Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Peng. vol. xlii. pt. 2, 71.
1.

Ic. t.

Silhet, Roxburgh, Wallich. Pegu and Tenasserim, Kurz.

large tree, with thick sukate thinly grey-downy branches. Leaflets opposite,
3-5 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, rigidly subcoriaceous, dull green beneath,
Racemes in a large end panicle and also from
the veins fine, rather raised.
the axils of the upper leaves, the branches finely grey-downy
bracts lanceolate,
Calyx under \ in., brown-silky, the teeth as
minute, subpersistent bracteoles 0.
Corolla twice the length of the calyx.
long as the tube.
Ovary densely silky. Pod
oblong, glabrous, bright yellow, rather fleshy, but two-valved, usually 1 -seeded, 2-2
in. long, sometimes 2-seeded.
Seeds oblong, l in. long, enveloped in a complete
thick fleshy scarlet aril.'
Kurz.

'

Ormosia.~\

l.

leguminosjj.

(J.

G. Baker.)

253

2. O. travancorica, Bedel. Fl. Sylv. t. 45; leaflets 7-9 oblong dull

green long-stalked, racemes crowded in terminal panicles, pedicels very short,
pod oblong with the valves rounded on the back.

Travancore

hills, Beddome.
with finely grey-downy branchlets. Leaflets opposite, oblong, cuspidate, rigidly coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, dull grey-green beneath, rounded at the base,
petiolules \-j$ in. long.
slightly downy on the midrib, the veinlets immersed
Flowers crowded on the finely grey-downy branches bracts very minute.
Calyx
Corolla whitish, under twice the length of the
brown-silky,
A in., deeply 5-clett.
Pod glabrous, hard, oblique oblong, subacute, 3 in. long, 1-seeded. Seed
calyx.
oblong, 1 in. long, with a bright scarlet testa.

tall tree,

leaflets 7-9 rigidly coriaceous pale green

3. O. macrodisca, Baker
oblong, short-stalked, racemes crowded in terminal panicles, pedicels shorter
than the calyx, pod large orbicular with subcompressed thick valves.
;

Malacca., Maingay.
large tree, with very thick grey glabrous branchlets. Leaflets very thick and
rigid in texture, pale grey-green on both surfaces, acute, broadly rounded at the base,
3-5 in. long, quite glabrous, the veins immersed. Branches of the panicle stout,
sulcate, glabrous
bracts and bracteoles minute, subpersistent pedicels brown-silky
- in. Calyx -^ in., densely brown-silky, cleft considerably below the middle.
Corolla half as long again as the calyx; standard f in. broad.
Stamens considerably exserted. Pod hard, thick, 3 in. broad, flat at first, turgid when the usually
solitary seed swells.
Seed oblong, 1 in. long, with a large black adnate pitted

aril.

4. O. g-lauca, Wall. PI. Asiat. Par. ii. 23, t. 125 ; leaflets 7-9 oblong
dull pale green distinctly stalked, flowers in axillary racemes, pedicels as long as
Wall. Cat. 5338.
the calyx, pod unknown.

Nipal, Wallich.
A tall tree, with thinly brown-velvety stout sulcate branchlets. Leaflets rigidly
subcoriaceous, obtusely cuspidate, 3-4 in. long, dull pale green on both surfaces, the
Flowers in peduncled racemes, shorter than the
veins immersed petiolules - in.
Calyx \ in., obscurely silky teeth
leaves bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous.
Corolla white, twice the length of the calyx.
as long as the tube.
Ovary linear,
;

brown-silky, 3-4-ovuled.

** Leaflets beneath and branchlets velvety.

5.

O. microsperma, Baker

leaflets

Seeds small.

11-13 acute short-stalked, vein-

beneath slender raised anastomosing, pedicels shorter than the calyx, pod
subcompressed with thin valves, seed oblong turgid.

lets

Malacca,

Griffith,

Maingay.
with thick densely brown-velvety branches.

A middle-sized tree,

Leaflets oblong,
rigidly coriaceous, 2-4 in. long, grey-green, rather glossy above, broadly rounded at
the base, densely persistently shortly pubescent beneath petiolules
in.
Branches
of the panicle rigidly erecto-patent, densely velvety.
Calyx
in., with a pair of
small lanceolate bracteoles at the base, densely velvety ; teeth as long as the tube.
Corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Ovary densely silky, 3-4-ovuled. Pod orbicular
if 1-seeded, ^ in. long, oblong if 2-seeded, lineate between the seeds, the valves
Seeds bright scarlet, \ in. long, exarillate.
Closely resembles
thin, rigid, glabrescent.
0. coarctata, Jacks, in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. t. 25, from Guiana, and nearly allied to
the Malayan Macrotropis sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 294. Kurz refers here
Chcenolobium septemjugum and decemjugum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 302.

6.

O. parvifolia, Baker;

leaflets

9-13 small acute, long-stalked, veins


254

l.

leguminosj:.

(J. G.

Baker.)

[Ormosia.

beneath inconspicuous, pedicels very short, pod subcompressed with thin valves,
Macrotropis bancana, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 295 P
seeds oblong turgid.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

Branches slender, persistently brown -velvety. Leaflets rigidly coriaceous, greygreen, oblong, distinctly cuspidate, the end one 2-2 in. long, rather glossy above,
thinly hairy beneath, the veins line and scarcely at all raised; petiolules ^-i in.
Racemes short flowers crowded bracts and bracteoles distinct, ovate-lanceolate, subpersistent.
Calyx in., brown-silky, cleft half way down. Corolla twice the length
Ovary silky. Pod and seeds just like those of 0. microsperma.
of the calyx.
;

7. O. venosa, Baker-, leaflets 7 obtuse or subobtuse nearly sessile on the

rachis with thick much-raised parallel main veins beneath, pedicels long, podvalves thick turgid, seeds orbicular subdiscoid.

Malacca, Maingay.

tall tree,

with" branches

clothed with persistent dense velvety pubescence.

Leaflets obovate-oblong, rigidly coriaceous, 3-4 in. long, grey-green and glabrous
above, densely persistently tomentose beneath. Flowers crowded in terminal racemes,
the branches densely velvety, not rigid as in the two preceding bracts and bracteoles
;

minute, but distinct and subpersistent pedicels as long as the calyx.

Calyx % in.,
Corolla half as long again as the calyx.
densely velvety, cleft down to the middle.
Pod obtuse or subacute, oblong or obovoid-oblong,
Stamens distinctly exserted.
glabrous, l|-lf in. long, 1 in. thick.
Seeds bright scarlet, exarillate, -| in. broad.
;

96.

CXSALFINIA,

Linn.

woody prickly climbers. Leaves large, abruptly

Floivers showy, yellow, in copious axillary racemes.
Calyx deeplycleft, with the disk confined to its base, the lobes imbricated, the lowest the
largest, cucullate.
Petals spreading, usually orbicular with a distinct claw, the
uppermost smaller than the others. Stamens 10, free, declinate ; anthers oblong,
uniform, versatile.
Ovary sessile or subsessile, few-ovuled style filiform, sometimes clubbed at the tip, stigma terminal. Pod oblong or ligulate, thin and
flat, or thicker and subturgid, indehiscent or dehiscent, smooth or in subgen.
Guilandina armed all over with wiry spines. Distrib. Species about 40, widely
Robust

erect trees, shrubs or

bipinnate.

spread in the tropics of both hemispheres.

Subgen. 1.
abundant wiry
1.

Guilandina
prickles.

(Linn.)
Petals narrow.

Pod

dry,

armed on the

faces

with

C. Bonducella, Fleming

in Asiat. Res. xi. 159; leaves stipulate,

Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 357. Guilandina Bonducella,
G. Bonduc, W. $ A. Prodr. 280 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.

leaflets small, bracts squarrose.

Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 5803.

Fl. 79, in part.

From the Himalayas, throughout India, ascending to 2500 ft. in Kumaon^^

Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
Branches finely grey-downy, with abundant small hard falcate yellow prickles.
Leaves a foot or more long, with a pair of reduced pinnae persistent at the base pinnae
mostly 12-16; leaflets oblong, obtuse, mucronate, membranous, usually -1 in. long,
rather downy beneath. Racemes long-peduncled, simple or panic! ed, dense at the top,
pedicels as long as the
lax downwards
calyx, finely brown-downy.
Calyx
^-^ in. Petals oblanceolate, yellow, little exserted. Pod short-stalked, oblong, 2-3 in.
long.
Seeds 1-2, large, oblong, lead-coloured.

^P

Ccesalpinia.]

l.

leguminosjj.

G. Baker.)

(J.

255

Bonduc,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind. ii. 362; leaves without
Guilandina Bonduc, Linn. DC.
Prodr. ii. 480; Wall. Cat. 5806; W. $ A. Prodr. 280, ex parte. G. glabra,
Mill. Diet. No. 3.
2.

C.

stipules, leaflets larger, bracts ascending.

Eastern and Western Peninsulas. Ceylon. Distrib. Malay isles, Polynesia,

West Indies.
Very near C. Bonducella, from which it differs by its more robust habit, less
downy branches, larger leaflets (often 2-3 in. long), the absence of the reduced stipular pinnae, by its smaller not squarrose bracts, and more tropical dispersion.
Stjbgen. 2.

Sucaesalpinia. Pod

dry, naked on the valves, indehiscent or

Petals broad.

finally dehiscing, the sutures thin except in C. sepiaria.

3. C. Nug'a, Ait. Hort. Kew, iii. 32

glabrous, pinnae 4-6, leaflets 4-6
large ovate, stamens little exserted, pod woody broad-oblong 1-seeded.
Guilandina Nuga, Linn. Sp. PI. 546.
0. paniculata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ; Fl.
;

Ind. ii. 364; DC. Prodr. ii. 481; W. 8? A. Prodr. 281; Wight let. 36;
Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 79.
0. sumatrana, Wall. Cat. 5831 B, 0, non Roxb.
C. bijuga, Wall Cat. 5833, non Sw.
0. scandens, Koenig; DC. Prodr. ii. 482;
Wall. Cat. 5829.

Chittagong, Silhet, Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Ceylon. Distrib.

isles, Philippines, China, N. Australia, Polynesia.
Branches slender, very flexuose. Prickles copious, dark-coloured, hooked. Leaflets distinctly petioluled, 1^-2 in. long, obtuse, glossy. Racemes axillary and terminal,
copiously panicled, with spreading branches pedicels as long as the calyx.
Calyx
glabrous, %-% in. Petals scarcely exserted. Filaments densely woolly in the lower

Malay

half.

Pod' 2

in.

long, broad,

oblong, beaked, hard, glabrous, indehiscent, rather

turgid.

C. Sappan, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 482 subglabrous, pinnae 20-24,

20-30 moderately small oblong v-3ry oblique, stamens little exserted, pod
oblique oblong woody 3-4-seeded. Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 17, t. 16 Hort. Beng. 32
Fl. Ind. ii. 357
Wall. Cat. 5838
W. $ A. Prodr. 281 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 90
Anal. Gen. t. xiii. fig. 1. Biancaea Sappan, Todaro Hort. Bat. Panorm. 3.
4.

leaflets

Eastern and Western Peninsulas and Pegu. Distrib. Malay

A small tree. Prickles small and few. Leaf-rachis ^1 ft. long

isles.

leaflets close,

^-| in. long, attached at the lowest corner. Panicles often as

long as the leaves, the young branches slightly ferrugineo-pubescent bracts large,
lanceolate, caducous
Filaments densely
pedicels -| in.
Calyx f in., glabrous.
woolly in the lower half.
Ovary grey- velvety. Pod 3-4 in. by 1^ in., subcompressed,
polished, indehiscent, with a hard recurved beak at the upper angle.
sessile, subcoriaceous,

5. C. pulcherrima, Swartz, Obs. 166; glabrous, pinnae 12-18, leaflets

20-24 small oblique-oblong, stamens much exserted, pod thin ligulate flat glabrous 6-8-seeded.
Poinciana pulcherrima, Linn.
Bot. Mag. t. 995 Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 355 DC. Pi'odr. ii. 484; Wall. Cat. 5813; W. $ A. Prodr. 282.
Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 1.
;

Universally cultivated through India and elsewhere in the tropics

the native
country not clearly known.
A shrub or small tree. Prickles few and scattered on the branches. Leaflets sessile,
close, membranous, ^-| in. long, not so oblique as in the last, very obtuse.
Racemes
very broad, the lower pedicels 3-4 in. long.
Calyx ^-f in., glabrous. Petals round,
crisped, reddish-yellow, with a very distinct claw, the largest and most showy of all the
species. Filaments bright red, 3-4 times the length of the corolla. Pod nearly straight,
2-3 in. long, the narrowest and thinnest of that of any of the species.
;

;;

256

L.

LEGUMINOS.E.

(J.

(3r.

Baker.)

[Ccesalpinia.

6. C. sepiaria, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind. ii. 360; downy, pinnae'
12-20, leaflets 16-24 small oblong-, stamens little exserted, pod oblong-ligulate
subturgid veined 4-8-seeded.
Wall. Cat. 5834, exel. II.
W. 8c A. Prodr. 282 ;
Wight Ic. t. 37 Dalz. 8c Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 80. 0. ferox, Hassk. PI. Jav. Bar.
0. crista, Thumb. Fl. Jap. 179, non
400.
C. japonica, Sieb. Zucc. Fl. Jap. 9.
Linn. Reichardia decapetala, Both DC. Prodr. ii. 484. Biancfea scandens,
Todaro Hort. Bot. Panorm. 4, t. 1.
;

Himalayas to Ceylon and Ava, ascending to 4000 ft. in the North- West. DisMalay isles, China, Japan and introduced in Tropical America.
Branches more or less densely coated with grey or brown pubescence.
Prickles

trib.

Leaves f-1 ft. long pinnse distinctly stalked

small, copious, hooked, pale brown.
membranous, very obtuse, -1 in. long, green and glabrous above, glaucous
;

leaflets

Racemes simple, distinctly-peduncled, ^1 ft. long

Calyx f- in., more or
pedicels rigidly erecto-patent, twice the length of the calyx.
Filaments densely woolly in the lower
Corolla \ in., bright yellow.
less pubescent.
half. Pod 3-5 in. by above 1 in., sublignose, glabrous, rather recurved, with the upper

and slightly pubescent beneath.

suture dilated into a narrow Items-like wing, subindehiscent.

7. C. mimosoides, Lam. III. t. 335, fig. 2; downy, pinnse 20-60, leaflets
20-40 oblong very small, stamens little exserted, pod recurved oblong very
W. 8c A. Prodr. 281 Wight. Ic. t. 392
turgid 2-seeded. DC. Prodr. ii. 482
Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 80. 0. Siniora, Ham. in Boxb. Hort. Beng. 32 Fl. Ind.
0. resupinata, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 32 Fl. Ind. ii. 362.
ii. 359.
O. horrida,
;

Wall. Cat. 5836.

0. armata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5840.

Todaro Hort. Bot. Panorm.

Biancsea mimosoides,

3.

Western Peninsula. Ceylon.

at Chappedong, Wallich.
Branches armed with copious irregular small prickles, passing down gradually
into aciculi, bristles and hairs. Leaves 1-1^ ft. long, much narrower than in the other
leaflets sessile, membranous, sensitive, glabrous, ^ | in. long.
species
Racemes lax,
simple, 1-2 ft. long, the rachis densely prickly and like the rigidly erecto-patent
pedicels 2-3 times the length of the
prickles very rough with hard raised points
Calyx ^ in., more or less downy. Petals broad, bright yellow, scarcely ex
calyx.
Filaments densely woolly in the lower half.
Pod under 2 in. long, more
serted.
turgid than in the other species, half an inch thick, narrowed to the base, hard, sub
indehiscent, clothed with minute deciduous bristles, truncate at the end with a short
recurved beak, the sutures not at all thickened.
Birma

Subgen. 3. Cinclidocarpus (Z. & M.).

naked on the faces, the sutures much thickened.

Pod

rather fleshy, indehiscent,

Petals broad.

8. C. digyna, Bottl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 482 ; leaflets 16-20 membranous,

Wall. Cat. 5839
pedicels spreading 2-4 times the length of the calyx.
W. 8c
A. Prodr. 281. O. oleosperma, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 32 Fl. Ind. ii. 356. C.
0. gracilis, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 110.
flavicans, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5825.
I.
Pterolobium lacerans, Wall. Cat. 5841, F.
;

&

Eastern Himalayas, Eastern and Western Peninsulas, and Ceylon.

Distrib. Malay isles.
Branches glabrous or slightly downy prickles scattered, uniform. Leaves -f ft.
long leaflets close, oblong, obtuse, sessile, |-|- in. long, dark green and glabrous
Racemes peduncled, simple,
above, grey and glabrescent or obscurely downy beneath.
;

equalling or exceeding the leaves; pedicels ^-1 in., slender, glabrous, spreading horiCalyx glabrous, |-i in. Stamens little exserted, woolly.
zontally or rather detlexed.
Pod oblong, glabrous, 1^2 in. long, 2-4-seeded, turgid, torulose.
9. C. cinclidocarpa, Miq. Flor. Ind, Bat. i. 110 ; leaflets 28-36 rigidly
subcoriaceous, racemes copiously panicled, pedicels erecto-patent as long as the


Ccesalpinia.]

l.

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

257

Cinclidocarpus nitidus, Zoll. 8f Moritz. Nat. Geneesk. iii. 74. C. micalyx.

0. tortuosa, Wall. Cat. 5827 D.
Wall. Cat. 5826.
crophylla, Hamilt.

Assam and Silhet.

Distrib.

Java.
Leaves a foot or more long
Prickles scattered, uniform.
close, sessile, obtuse, ligulate, caducous, |~| in. by |~i in., glossy
above. Panicles often as long as the leaves, with finely downy rachises and pedicels.
Calyx f-| in. Petals round with a claw, bright yellow. Stamens little exserted. Pod
oblong, indehiscent, 2-3 in. by 1 in., glabrous, 3-4-seeded.

Obscurely downy.
pinnae 20-24 leaflets
;

C. tortuosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind.

10.

ii.

365;

leaflets

40-60

rigidly subcoriaceous, racemes simple,, pedicels erecto-patent as long as the

Wall. Cat. 5827 A, B, 0.
calyx.

Tenasserim, Wallich. Distrib. Malay isles.

Prickles small, scattered, uniform. Leaves 1-1 ft.
Branches slightly downy.
long pinnae 30-40 leaflets close, glossy, sessile, narrow ligulate, obtuse, \-% in. by
in., just like those of the last in shape and texture. Bacemes as long as the leaves.
Calyx in., glabrous. Pod just like those of the two preceding.

PELTOPHORUM,

97.

Vogel.

Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers showy, yellow, in

Tall unarmed trees.
Calyx with the disk confined to the
axillary and panicled terminal racemes.
base teeth subequal, very deep, imbricate. Petals oblong or roundish, imbriStamens 10, free, declinate ; fijaments with a dense tuft of
cated, spreading.
Ovary sessile, free, fewhairs at the base; anthers uniform, linear-oblong*
ovuled style long, filiform, incurved, stigma large peltate. Pod oblong, flat,
thin, hard, indehiscent, with a firm broad wing on each suture.
Distrib.
Species 6, cosmopolitan in the Tropics.
;

P. ferrug'ineum, Benth. Fl. Austral, ii. 279 flowering pedicels at

Osesalpinia ferruginea, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 111.
as long as the calyx.
0. Glenniei, Thwaites Enum. 414.
O. arborea, Miq. loc. cit. 112.
0. inermis,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 367. Poinciana Roxburghii, G. Don Gen.. Syst. ii. 433.
1.

most

Sincapore, Malacca, Andamans, and Ceylon.

Distrib.

Malay

isles,

N. Aus-

tralia.

Young branches

clothed with thin bright reddish-brown tomentum. Leaves distinctly petioled, ^-1 ft. long; pinnae opposite, 16-20, ~ ft. long; leaflets 20-30,
close, ligulate-oblong, sessile, obtuse, unequal-sided, -f in. long, rigidly subcoriaceBranches of the panicle numerous, stiffly erecto-patent,
ous, slightly tomentose below.
conspicuously ferrugineo-tomentose, as is also the calyx bracts minute, lanceolate,
caducous. Calyx \ in. deep. Pod 1-4-seeded, rigid, glabrous, 2-4 in. by 1 in., narrowed
to both ends, closely longitudinally veined.
;

P. dasyrachis, Kurz MSS.

flowering pedicels 3-4 times as long

Osesalpinia dasyrachis, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 292.
0.
Finlaysoniana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5971.
2.

as the calyx.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

Very near P. ferrugineum, with which it agrees in vestiture and leaves. Flowerlower pedicels patent or rather reflexed, \-\\ in. long
a.cemes 6-9 in. by 3 in.
Flowers rather larger. Pod the same shape
bracts linear, subpersistent, in. long.
but rather larger, thinner and not reticulately veined.
;

98.

MEZONEURUM, Desf.

Robust woody prickly climbers. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers in

ample panicled racemes. Calyx very oblique, usually deeply cleft, with the disk
VOL.

ii.


258

L.

leguminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Mezoneurum.

confined to the base or extending upwards, the lobes imbricated, the lowest the
Petals spreading, obovate-spathulate, subequal.
longest, remarkably hood-like.
Stamens free, declinate, usually exserted ; anthers oblong, uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, incurved with the stamens, stigma small capiPod large, oblong, flat, thin, indehiscent, with a broad wing down the
tate.

upper suture.

Distrib. Species 10, mostly Trop. Asiatic, confined to the old

world.

Eumezoneuron.

Calyx deeply

cleft

1. JUL. cucullatum, W. fy A. Prodr. 283

glabrous, stamens much exceeding the calyx.

disk basal.
;

leaflets

8-10 large ovate acute

Cribs. Bomb
Fl. 80.
ii.
358 G. Bon Gen.
Csesalpinia cucullata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 ;
M. macrophyllum, Blume ; Mia. Flor.
Syst. ii. 431 ; Wall. Cat. 5828, excl. B.
Ind. Bat. i. 104.

Dalz.
Fl. Ind.

8f

Eastern Himalayas from Nipal, ascending to 4,000 ft.

Distrib. Malay isles.
the Western Peninsula.

to the

Behar and

Khasia

hills,

Branches glabrous, with small dark hooked scattered prickles. ea/-rachis | 1 ft.
long; pinnae 4-10 long-stalked leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, 1-2 in. long, glabrous,
dark-green above, subdistant, rather glaucous below. Racemes simple or forked,
sometimes as long as the leaves, the rachis virgate, tinged with yellow pedicels as
long as the calyx, which is the most oblique of all the species, with the posterior sepal
and petal very cucullate. Calyx in., glabrous, tinged with yellow. Petals bright
Filaments faintly ciliated near the base. Pod like that of
yellow, streaked with red.
a Balbergia, with a single large seed in the middle, 3-4 in. long, with a wing like
the valves in texture \ in. broad.
Var. grandis, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5830, under Csesalpinia, sp. larger in all its
Guilandina macroparts, the leaflets 3-4 in. long, and wing of the pod ^ in. broad.
Distribution of the type.
carpa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5804.
Rheede Hort. Mai. vol. vi. t. 20, on which is founded Guilandina axillaris, Lam.
(Csesalpinia? axillaris, DC. Prodr. ii. 481) is probably made up of the leaf of this and
pod of Casalpinia Sappan.
;

leaflets 14-16 small

2. HI. glabrum, Desf. in Mem. Mus. iv. 246, t. 10
glabrous oblong obtuse distinctly stalked, stamens much exceeding the calyx.
DC. Prodr. ii. 484. Csesalpinia furfuracea, Wall. Cat. 5835.
;

Tenasserim, Wallich. Distrib. Philippines, Timor.

Branches glabrous, the falcate prickles almost restricted to the base of the pinnae.
Leaves

1 ft.

long; pinnae 12-14, distinctly stalked; leaflets membranous, caducous,

dark green, alternate, -| in. long. Racemes simple or forked, as long as the
Calyx glabrous, \ in. long, less oblique than in
leaves pedicels exceeding the calyx.
the last, the upper teeth reaching half down, the lowest twice as long. Filaments
5-6
the
base.
Pod
in. by 1 \ in., 2-4-seeded, with a wing |-| in.
densely ciliated near
close,

broad.
leaflets 18-22 small gla3. SK. enneaphyllum, W. # A. Prodr. 283
brous oblong obtuse subsessile, stamens slightly exceeding the calyx. Osesalpinia enneaphylla, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 Fl. Ind. ii. 363
Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 104, tab. 2 B. C. sepiaria, Wall. Cat. 5834 H.
;

Tavoy, Gomez. Pegu, McClelfil. and Thomson.

Ceylon, Thwaites. Distrib. Malay isles.
Branches slender, glabrous prickles copious, minute, falcate. Leaves f-1 ft. long
pinnae 16-20, distinctly stalked, 2-3 in. long leaflets sensitive, glabrous, membranous,
^ in. long. Racemes copiously panicled, sometimes a foot long pedicels slender,
glabrous or pubescent, twice as long as the calyx. Flower smaller than in the last.
Corolla bright yellow. Filaments densely woolly at the base.
Calyx \ -^ in., glabrous.
Pod 3-4 in. long by less than 1 in., thin and glossy, 4-6-seeded wing A- in. broad.

Cachar and Chittagong, Hook.

land.

Very

like Ccesalpinia sepiaria in habit

and

inflorescence.

Mezoneurum.']

leguminos^e.

l.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

259

i v. Q I C, I.
11 leaflets 12-10
4. BE. yuboocems, Xto/ i'w iliffwtr ilf
small oblong obtuse pubescent subsessile, stamens slightly exceeding the calyx.
Caesalpinia hymenocarpa, Wall. Cat. 5832.
'

Ava

Taong-dong, Wallich. Ceylon, Thwaites. Distrib. Malay isles.

General habit and inflorescence of the last. Branches, leaves below and calyx
densely finely grey-downy.
Pinna 12-24, distinctly stalked; leaflets sensitive,
Racemes close, copiously panicled pedicels erecto-patent, twice the
-$ in. long.
calyx.
Flowers larger than in the last, bright yellow. Filaments densely woolly near
the base. Pod 3-4-seeded, 3-4 in. by 1 in. broad, without the wing.
;

** Tubicalyx, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.

the disk extending above the base.

sumatranum, W.

BX.

5.

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32

Malacca,

Fl. Ind.

ii.

<$r

366

i.

Calyx shallowly

1081.

A. Prodr. 283.
;

cleft

with

Caesalpinia sumatrana,
and 0.

Wall. Cat. 5831, A, not

Maingay. Distrib. Malay isles.

Leaves
downy, armed with copious small falcate prickles.
a foot or more long pinnae and leaflets both 8-10, the latter obovate -oblong, rigidly
coriaceous, glabrous, obtuse, 2-3 in. long.
Racemes as long as the leaves, forked
rachis virgate, woody pedicels very short.
Calyx glabrous, f-^- in. long, the upper
teeth not more than
i n deep, the lowest rather longer, the tube splitting off" at the
Branches

Griffith,

thick, rather
;

insertion of the glabrous filaments.

Petals little exserted, reddish-yellow, much narrower than in the other species, permanently imbricated, oblanceolate-spathulate.
Pod thin, 3-4 in. by 1 in., 3-4-seeded, with a moderately broad wing. The structure
of the flower is so different from that of the other species that it would probably be
better to separate it generically, and place it next to Wagatea.

99.

FTEBOLOBIVM, R. Br.

Woody

climbers, with the habit of Ccesalpinia, from which they differ only
Calyx deeply cleft, with the disk near the base, the lobes imbricated,
the lowest longer and more hooded than the others. Petals spreading, oblong
and clawed, equalling the calyx. Stamens 10, free, declinate, little exserted
anthers oblong, versatile.
Ovary sessile, 1-ovuled style filiform, stigma small
terminal.
Pod indehi scent, samaroid, with a large horny oblique terminal
wing. Distrib. Species 4, spread through the Tropics of the old world.
in pod.

indicum,

A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 246. Caesalpinia lacerans, Roxb.

Pterolobium lacerans, Walt. Cat. 5841, A to E
W. $ A.
Prodr. 283 Wt. Icones, t. 196 Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2 71 nm*
R. Br. Reichardia hexapetala, Roth DC. Prodr. ii. 484.
1.

*P.

Fl. Ind.

ii.

367.

Western Peninsula

Branches slender, finely downy

prickles minute, hooked, uniform.

Pinna 8-1 6
oblong, obtuse, membranous, sensitive, in. long, glabrous,
pale green. Racemes 2-3 in. long, copiously panicled at the end of the branches
pedicels finely downy, spreading, - in. Calyx glabrous, |~ in. lowest sepal longest.
Corolla yellow, not showy, as long as the lowest sepal.
Pod 1^-1^ in. wing f-1 in.
leaflets

12-16, close,

sessile,

by -

in.

Var.

microphyllum, Miq. Kurz, loc. cit. sp. racemes copiously panicled, leaflets
in. long with an obtuse or obliquely acute wing I5 1| in. by A in.-* Tenasserim, Heifer. Malacca, Maingay. Distrib. Malay isles.
Var. Q. macropterum, Kurz, loc. cit. sp. branches stouter, leaflets much larger,
pod 2^-2 f in. long with an obtuse wing 1^-2 in. by f- in. Pegu, Martaban,
Tenasserim.

1.

in. long,

pod 2

S2

260

LEGUMiNOSiE.

L.

100.

(J.

G. Baker.)

POINCI ANA,

[Poinciana.

Linn.

Erect unarmed trees. Leaves just those of Cresalpinia. Flowers in corymCalyx deeply cleft, with the disk a little above the base, the
bose racemes.
segments valvate, oblanceolate, subequal. Petals spreading, subequal, orbicular,
with a claw, the blade crispato-fimbriate. Stamens 10, free, declinate, much
Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled style very
exserted anthers oblong, versatile.
Pod flat, thin, dehiscent, ligulate, conlong, filiform, stigma minute capitate.
tinuous within, the sutures neither thickened nor winged. Distrib. Species
2-3, Trop. African and Asiatic.
;

1.

P. elata,

5812
W.
Swart* Obs. 1.66.
Cat.

fy

Linn. DC. Pi'odr. ii. 484; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 355; Wall.
A. Prodr. 282 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 178 Cassalpinia elata,
;

Truly wild; in the Western Peninsula, planted elsewhere. Distrib. Arabia, W.

Trop. Africa.
An erect tree,. 20-30 ft. high. Leaves -f ft. long pinnae 10-16 leaflets 30-40,
Flowers in corymbose
membranous, caducous, close, sessile, obtuse, ligulate.
Calyx very coriaceous,
racemes ; pedicels and obovoid buds finely grey-downy.
|-1 in. long. Petals scarcely exserted, an inch broad, shortly clawed. Filaments
bright red, 3-4 times the length of the calyx, downy near the base. Pod 6-8 in. long
by above an inch,4-8-seeded. The Mascarene P. regia, Bojer, with petals much
exceeding the calyx, is frequently planted in India.
;

PARK.XNSOCTIA,

101.

Linn.

Leaves with 2-6 pinnae from a very short rachis. Floioers yellow, in
Trees.
Calyx deeply cleft, with a subbasal disk, the divisions subvalshort racemes.
Petals exserted, broad, the upper with a long claw.
vate, lanceolate, subequal.
Stamens 10, included, villose anthers versatile. Ovary short-stalked, manyovuled style filiform, stigma terminal. Pod turgid, dry, moniliform, finally
;

dehiscing.
1.

$ A.

Distrib. Species

P. aculeata,

Linn.

3,

of which 2 are American, the other Cape.

DC.

P-odr. 284; Redd. Fl. Sylv. 91

Prodr. ii. 486; Roxb. Hart. Reny.Sl

Anal. Gen. t. 13, fig. 2.

W.

Universally cultivated and often naturalised. A native of Tropical America.

glabrous bush or low tree, armed with sharp woody spines, which represent the
primary rachis of a bvpinnate leaf and have 2-6 pinnae congested in their axils. Pinna
i-1 ft. long, the rachis much flattened, so that when the very minute obtuse oblanceolate leaflets have fallen or are not developed they resemble the pbyllodes of an acacia.
Racemes lax, shorter than the leaves pedicels long, slender, erecto-patent.
Corolla

tender, yellow, f-| in.

Pod 3-4

102.

in.

long.

WAG A TEA,

Dalz.

climbing sbrub. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers in long simple or

Calyx cleft about half way down into 5 obtuse teeth, the lowest
panicled spikes.
the longest and wrapt over the others, the disk high up in the tube. Petals obStamens 10, included, nearly
lanceolate, obtuse, subequal, little exserted.
anthers oblong.
Ovary sessile, many-ovuled style
straight, filaments naked
Pod ligulate-oblong, indehiscent,
slightly clubbed at the tip, stigma oblique.
;

few-seeded,

Endemic.

subtorulose,

with thickened

sutures,

not

winged.

Distrib.


Wagatea."]

W.

leguminos^e.

(J.

G. Baker.)

261

Dalz. in Kew Journ. iii. 90; Wight Ic. t. 1995 ; Dalz. fy

Csesalpinia mimosoides, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5837, non
0. ferox, Hohen. PI. Ind. Or. Exs. No. 414, non Hassk.

1.

Gibs.

L.

;;

spicata,

Bomb. Fl.

Lam.

Hills of

80.

Western Peninsula.
woody pr ckly climber.

*?*.

A robust

Leaves f-1 ft. long and broad pinnse 8-12;

leaflets 12-14, nearly sessile, oblong, obtuse, or subacute, 1-2 in. lpng, rigidly subcoriaFlowers in long simple or panicled dense subspicate
ceous, glabrous, venulose.
racemes with a thick furrowed woody finely brown-downy axis bracts minute, lanceolate-cuspidate.
Calyx | in, scarlet. Petals orange. Pod like that of Casalpinia
digyna.
Gleditschia sinensis, Linn.
Wall. Cat. 5811, is known in India in cultivation
;

only.

103.

CASSIA,

Linn.

Erect shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Leaves simple, abruptly pinnate. Floivers
usually large and showy, in axillary racemes and&terminal panicles.
Calyxtube very short sepals broad or narrow,, imbricated;/ Petals 5, imbricated, subStamens normally 10, but rarely all perfect, 3-5 being
equal, usually broad.
often reduced to staminodia or altogether absent ;' anthers mostly but not invariably basifixed, dehiscing by terminal pores or with the slit more or less conOvary sessile or stalked, many-ovuled style incurved,
tinued longitudinally.
stigma terminal. Pod very variable, terete or flat, usualty septate, the albuminous seeds flattened; sometimes parallel with the valves, sometimes with the septa,
Distrib. Species 340, spread everywhere in the
dry, dehiscent or ihdehiscent.
Monographed by Mr. Bentham in Trans. Linn.
tropics, a few extra-tropical.
Soc. xxvii. p. 503, t. 60-3.
;

Sepals obtuse.
Stamens all
Sttbgen. 1. Fistula, DC. (Cassia, Roxb.)
bearing anthers, of which those of the 2-3 lowest are larger than the others
Pods very large, terete. Seeds compressed parallel
arid the lilaments longer.
with the dissepiments. Trees.

1. C. Fistula, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 490; leaflets 8-16 large narrowed
to the point, flowers in long lax racemes, bracts caducous, petals veined bright
Roxb. Hort. Peng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 333 Wall. Cat. 5302 ; W. $ A.
yellow.
Prodr. 285 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 80 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 91. C. rhonibifolia,
;

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31

in

Fl. Ind.

iii.

334

Wight. Ic.

t.

269.

Central and Eastern Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca, ascending

Kumaon, wild and often planted. Distrib. China, Malay isles.

A middle-sized

to

3000

ft.

glabrous in all its parts. Leaves a foot or more long

usually acute, rigidly subcoriaceous, pale
Racemes
veined.
as long as the leaves pedicels spreading, 1^-2 in.
green, strongly
glabrous,
in.,
caducous.
Calyx -
Petals obovate, shortly clawed, f-1 in.
long.
Pod 1-2 ft. long, above an inch thick..
deep.
leaflets

2-6

erect tree,

in. long, ovate, distinctly stalked,

2. C. nodosa, Ham. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 336 ; branches
slightly downy, leaflets 12-24 moderately large pointed, racemes short corymbose,
Wall. Cat. 5331
bracts persistent, petals moderately large reddish not veined.

Wight

Ic.

t.

410.

Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

to Malacca.
reaching a hefght of 50 feet. Leaves a foot or more long * leaflets oblongs
acute, distinctly stalked, 2-4 in. long, rather oblique at the base, glossy, subcoriaceRacemes from the old
ous, strongly veined, with a few obscure short hairs below.

Eastern Himalayas and

tree,


262

leguminosj:.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Cassia.

branches, dense, under half a foot long; bracts silky, lanceolate, persistent pedicels
Sepals downy, -^ in. Petals obtwice the length of the flower, lower deflexed.
long, acute, f-1 in. deep.
Pod a ft. long, \ in. thick.
;

Fl. Ind. ii. 338 branchlets

3. C. margin at a, JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 81
densely tomentose, leaflets 30-40 small obtuse, racemes short subcorynibose,
bracts persistent, petals smalf reddish not veined.
0. Roxburghii, DC. Prodr.
ii. 489
Wall. Cat. 5308 ; W. # A. Prodr. 286 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 180 Wight
;

Must.

t.

83.

Ceylon and Western Peninsula.

Branches slender, sulcate. Leaves ^-1 ft. long; leaflets oblong, deeply emarginate,
with a distinct mucro, l-l in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, very oblique, strongly
Flowers in copious short axillary racemes
reined, persistently grey-downy beneath.
and terminal panicles; bracts ovate-cuspidate; pedicels under 1 in. long. Flowers
and pod like that of C. nodosa, but much smaller.
branches densely pubescent, leaflets
4. C. renigera, Wall. Cat. 5307
30-40 moderately small obtuse 3-4 times as long as broad, flowers unknown.
Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 518 Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii.
;

2,71.

Birma

Taong-dong mountains and banks of the Irrawaddi, Wallich.

marginata. Leaves 1 ft. long leaflets close, nearly ses1^-2 in. long, broadly rounded at both ends, slightly oblique,
rigidly coriaceous, finely grey-downy below -stipules oblong, cuspidate, large, membranous, persistent, fastened above the base. Pod 1 foot long, cylindrical, indehiscent,
Closely allied to
sile, ligulate-oblong,

C.

glabrous.

Sttbgen. 2. Senna (JRoxb. ex parte, as a genus). Sepals obtuse. Perfect

stamens 7, the anthers subequal or those of the 2-3 lowest larger than th
others
three posterior filaments without anthers.
Pods compressed, rareh
terete, the seeds usually flattened parallel with the valves.
Some trees, some
;

shrubby herbs.
*

Leaf with a

gland placed just above the base of the common

single large

petiole.

C. occidentalism Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 497; leaflets 6-10 ovateRoxb. Hort. Bmg. 31; W. $ A. Prodr. 290 Bot.Reg.t. 83; Dalz.
Senna occidentals, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 343. 0. fcetida,
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 8].
5.

oblong.
ty

Pevs. Syn.

i.

457.

0. Sophera, Wall.

Cat,.

5317, ex parte.

Scattered from the Himalayas, to Ceylon, probably introduced.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
A diffuse subglabrous undershrub, a few feet high, usually only of annual duraLeaves \ ft. long; leaflets glaucous, foetid, acuminate, 1-3 in. long, glabrous or
tion.
Racemes short -ped uncled, few-flowered, corymbose, axillary and
finely pubescent.
forming a terminal panicle bracts thin, orate-acuminate, caducous pedicels spreading,
- in. Sipals obtuse, glabrous, |-i in. Petals \ in. pale lilac, conspicuously veined.
Pod 4-5 in. by ^ in., rather recurved, glabrous, subcompressed, distinctly torulose.
;

Seeds 15-30.

B.C. Sophera, Linn.

DC.

Prod>\ ii. 492 leaflets 12-24 oblong-lanceoWall. Cat. 5317, ex parte

W. $ A. Prodr. 287
Senna Sophera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 347. S. escuDalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 81.
Cassia esculenta, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31.
lenta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 346.
0. chi0. frutescens, Mill. Diet. No. 2. 0. coromandeliana,
nensis, Jacq. Ic. t. 73.
Jacq. Fragm. 67, t. 100.Rheede Hort. Mai. ii. t. 52.
late.

Roxk

Hort. Beng. 31

Ca$sia.~\

leguminosje.

l.

Himalayas

to

Ceylon and Penang.

Baker.)

(J. Gr.

Distrib.

263

Cosmopolitan in the tropics, pro-

bably native in Asia only.

Closely allied to C. occidentalism from which it differs by its more shrubby habit,
more numerous smaller narrower leaflets and shorter broader more turgid pods, which
are not usually torulose when mature.
Var. purpurea Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 31, sp. leaflets smaller more obtuse not more
;

than

in. long,

branches slender purple.

purea, Boxb. Fl. Ind.

C. purpurea, Bot. Beg.

t.

856.

Senna pur-

342.

ii.

** Leaffurnished with glands on the main raehis between the

C. Tora, Linn,

"

leaflets.

DC. Prodr. ii. 493 glabrous, leaflets 6 obovate-oblong,

subdual, pod very long slender subtetragonous, seeds uniseriate.
Bo.b. Hurt. Beng. 31
Wall. Cat. 5316; W. # A. Prodr. 290; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bcniih. F/. 81.
Henna Tora and toroides, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 340. C. obtusifolia,
7.

perfect stamens

Linn. Sp. Plant. 539. 0. foetida, Salisb. Prod. 326. 0. hvunilis and gallinaria,
(Mad. Hist. 96. C. toroides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. Sl.Rheede Hort. Mai. ii.
t.

53.

Universally spread through our limits in a truly wild state, ascending to 5000 ft.
Central Himalayas.Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
An annual weed, growing up into an undershrub. Leaves distinctly petioled
leaflets 1-1^ in., glaucous, membranous, glabrous stipules large, linear-subulate, caduFlowers usually in nearly sessile pairs in the axils of the leaves, the upper
cous.
crowded. Corolla small, bright yellow. Pods \-% ft. by \ in., membranous, the sutures
very broad, the seeds flattened in the same direction as the pod.
in the

DC. Prodr. ii. 494 glabrous, leaflets 6-8, stamens

G. bicapstxlaris, Linn.
very unequal, pod thick terete, seeds biseriate. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31
Wall.
Senna bicapsularis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 342.
Cat. 5313 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 286.
;

A native of Tropical America, not unfrequently introduced.

A shrub, with virgate woody branches. Leaves distinctly petioled

leaflets green,
stipules small, subulate, caducous.
Bacemes copious,
corymbose, as long as the leaves. Flowers middle-sized, bright yellow. Pods membranous, curved, sausage-shaped, ft. long, ^ in. thick, the sutures very narrow.

membranous, obtuse, ^

DC. Prodr. ii. 496 densely pubescent, leaflets 12-16,

narrow caducous, pod narrow turgid manv-seeded. W. <r A. Prodr. 286.

0. tomentosa, Linn.
stipules

in.

0. AVightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5329.

A native of Trop. America, introduced in the Nilghiris and Ceylon.

A tall shrub, with the branches and leaves beneath densely matted

with grey toLeaves short-petioled, 3-4 in. long; leaflets oblong, obtuse, oblique at the
base.
Flowers bright -yellow, middle-sized, in copious distinctly peduncled corymbose
racemes. Lower anthers much larger than the others. Pod linear, membranous,
4-5 in. long, finely downy. C. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 5304 is C. kirsvta, Linn., a
totally different species, also a native of Tropical America.

mentum.

8.
C. auriculata, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 496 finely downy, leaflets
16-24, stipules broad persistent, pod thin broad few-seeded.
Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 31 ; Wall. Cat. 5303
W. f A. Prodr. 290; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 81.
;

Senna auriculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

Wild

ii.

349.

the Central provinces, the

Western Peninsula and Ceylon often

planted elsewhere.
A tall shrub, with the virgate branches and underside of the leaves finely greydowny. Leaves nearly sessile, 3-4 in. long; leaflets obovate-oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous. f-1 in., obtuse or emarginate, with a mucro
stipules large and foliaceous.
in

264

l.

leguminosjE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Cassia.

Flowers very large and showy, an inch deep, bright yellow, in copious corymbose racemes. Pod 4-5 in. long by in., straight, ligulate, glabrous, flexible, dark brown,
with a distinct space betweenthe uniseriate seeds.

*** Leaf-rachis without glands.

9. C. obovata, Collad: Hist. Cass. 92, t. 15, A; stipules lanceolate'
persistent, leaflets 8-12, racemes narrow, pod flat oblong much recurved with a
crest on the middle of the valve opposite each seed.
Wall. Cat. 5319 ; Boiss. Fl.

OHent. ii. 631.

Hort. Beng. 31
Fl. Pnd.

344.

ii.

0. obtusa, Roxb.
C. Senna/ZeVm. Sp. Plant. 539, ex parte.
Prodr. 288 ; Wight. Ic. t, 757. Senna obtusa, Roxb.
0. Burmanni, Wight in Madras Journ. vi. t. 5.

W. $ A.

Punjab, Scinde, Western Peninsula. Distbib. Arabia, Egypt, Abyssinia.

Subglabrous, scarcely shrubby, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves distinctly petioled, 2-3 in.
long
leaflets obovate- oblong, membranous, very glaucous, obtuse, with a minute
mucro, -l in. Racemes distinctly peduncled, equalling or exceeding the leaves
pedicels very short.
Corolla, middle-sized, pale yellow.
Sepals glabrous, very obtuse.
Stamens very unequal. Pod, thin, glabrous, flexible, l-l in. by |- 1 in, short-stalked,
narrowed suddenly at both ends, 6-12-seeded; sutures very thin. C. angustifolia,
Vahl. (C. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 5318, Royle III. t. 37, W. $ A. Prodr. 288; Senna
officinalis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 346), with 10-16 oblong-lanceolate acute leaflets and
?<irly straight oblong pods without crests, is a native of Tropical Africa and has no
aim to be considered indigenous in India.
;

C. alata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 492; stipules deltoid persistent,

16-28 large, racemes narrow, pod long ligulate with a broad wing down
the middle of each valve. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31
Wall. Cat. 5301
W. $ A.
Prodr. 287
Wight Ic. t. 253. Senna alata, Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 349. C. brac10.

leaflets

teata, Linn.Jil.

DC.

C.'herpetica, Jacq. Obs.

loc. cit.

Lower Bengal, Western Peninsula, Birma and

ii.

24,

t.

45,

fig. 2.

Malacca. Distrib.

Cosmo-

politan in the tropics,

shrub, with very thick finely downy branches. Leaves subsessile, 1-2 ft. long
leaflets oblong, obtuse, 2-6 in. long, minutely mucronate, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous or obscurely downy beneath, broadly rounded, oblique at the base rachis narrowly winged on each side of the face. Racemes peduncled, ^-1 ft. bracts large, membranous, caducous.
Corolla yellow, very distinctly veined.
Stamens very unequal.
Pod membranous, dehiscent, straight, glabrous, 4-8 in. by ^-f in. Seeds 50 or more.

C. siamea, Lam. DC. Prodr. ii. 499; stipules minute caducous,

]2-28 with a minute mucro, racemes corymbose forming a long end
panicle, pod ligulate flat not winged, the sutures slightly thickened.
C. florida,
Vahl De. Prodr. "ii. 499
W. $ A. Prodr. 288 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 179. O.
sumatrana, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 DC. Prodr. ii. 506; Wall. Cat. 5305. Senna
sumatrana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 347.
.1,1.

leaflets

Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and

Siam.

Distrib.

Malay

isles.

low

tree,

with virgate finely grey-downy terete branchlets.

Leaves \-\

ft.

leaflets oblong, glaucous, subcoriaceous, epiarginate, strongly veined, subglabrous, dis-

tinctly stalked, 2-3 in. long.

Corymbs crowded, both axillary and in a terminal

panicle -1 ft. long, with grey-pubescent branches.
Sepals downy, very obtuse.
Pod nearly
Petals middle-sized, bright yellow, not veined.
Stamens subequal.
straight, flat, distinctly stalked, 6-9 in. by in., firmer in texture and with thicker
sutures than in the two next.
12.

leaflets

montana, Heyne; DC. Prodr. ii. 499; stipules minute caducous,

20-30 with a large mucro, racemes corymbose forming a long end pa-

C.

Cassia.]

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

265

ligulate thin flat not winged, with thin sutures.

W.
# Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 81. C. setigera, DC. Prodr. loc. cit.

nicle,

pod

289

Dalz.

leguminosvE.

A. Prodr.
Wall. Cat.

5330.
Hills of the Western Peninsula.
Leaves petishrub, -with slender glabrous obscurely downy virgate branchlets.
4-6 in. leaflets membranous, firm, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, glaucous, l-l| in.
long, tipped with a conspicuous bristle. Corymbs copious, both axillary and forming long
end panicles.
Corolla yellow, middle-sized, not veined.
Sepals obtuse, glabrous.
Stamens subequal. Pod stalked, nearly straight, 3-5 in. by ^-| in., glossy, brown,
12-20-seeded.

oled,

C. timoriensis, DC. Prodr. ii. 499; stipules persistent foliaceous,

20-24 with a minute mucro, racemes corymbose forming a long end
panicle, pod ligulate thin flat not winged, the sutures thin.
C. palmata, Wall.
13.

leaflets

Cat. 5306.

Birma, Martaban, Tenasserim, Ceylon.

Distrib.

Malay

isles,

Philippines, N.

Australia.

low

tree,

with slender finely downy branches. Leaves - f ft distinctly petioled

1-2 in., membranous, pale green, finely downy below. Sepals
,

leaflets oblong, obtuse,

Corolla bright yellow, middle-sized, slightly veined.

Pod
straight, thin, glossy, flexible, dehiscent, 5-6 in. by -$ in., distinctly stalked, 12-20seeded.

downy, very obtuse.

SuBGEtf.
perfect,

Psilorheg-ma,

3.

Vogel.

Like the

last,

but

all

the ten stamens

with subequal anthers.

1 4.
C. grlauca, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 495 Wall. Cat. 5312 W. $ A.
Prodr. 888 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 91. C. surattensis, Burm. Fl. Ind, 97. 0. arboreseeus, Void Sy*nb, ni^56; Itoxb. Hort. Beng. 31.
0. fastigiata, Vahl Symb.
iii. 67
W. <Sr A. Prodr. 290. Senna arborescens, Roxb. Fl. Did. ii. 345.
;

Himalayas

to

Ceylon and Malacca.

Distrib.

Malay

Trop.

isles,

Australia,

Polynesia.

with glabrous terete branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, ^-f ft.

2-4 in. long, subcoriaceous, very glaucous rachis
with conspicuous glands between the lower, rarely {C. fastigiata, Vahl), between all the
Racemes corymbose, not panicled. Sepals large,
leaves stipules narrow, caducous.
Flowers large, bright yellow. Pod flat, thin, strap-shaped, glabrous, 6-8 in.
obtuse.
tall tree,

leaflets ovate, acute or subobtuse,

-| in. broad, distinctly stalked, 20-30-seeded.

Var. suffruticosa, Koenig; DC. Prodr. ii. 496, sp. leaflets 16-18 smaller more
numerous obtuse 1-2 in. long, flowers .and pods much smaller, the latter not more
than 3-4 in. long 10-12-seeded. C. suffruticosa, Wall. Cat. 5311
W. Sc A. Prodr.
Senna speciosa; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 347. C.
289.
C. speciosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31.
long,

Horsfieldii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

i.

99.

Distribution of the type.

Lasiorheg-ma, Benth. Sepals narrow. Stamens 5-10, all

small, strap-shaped, flat, dehiscent, the seeds compressed parallel
wr ith the valves. Diffuse low slender annual or perennial herbs.
Stjbgen.

perfect.

4.

Pod

* Leaflets 4, large,

15.

C.

membranous.

Absus,

5314; W.
Absus, Roxb. FL
Cat.

Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 500; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31

Wall.
Senna
A. Prodr. 291.
0. exigua, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31.
Lnd. ii. 340.
0. coccinea,
S. exigua, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 339.
;

Wall. Cat. 5315.

Foot of the
of old world.

Western Himalayas

to

Ceylon.

Distrib.

Everywhere

in the tropics

266

L.

leguminos^j.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Cassia.

An erect annual, 1-2 ft. high, with stem and leaves clothed with grey bristly viscose hairs.
Leaves long-petioled leaflets oblong, very oblique, 1-2 in. long, obtuse
or subacute stipules small, linear, persistent. Racemes narrow, equalling or exceeding the leaves.
Corolla reddish-yellow, very small.
Sepals lanceolate, bristly,
in.
Pod oblique, ligulate, 1-1^ in. long, 5-6-seeded, the thin valves beset with grey bristly
;

hairs.

** Lea/lets very numerous, close, small, narrow, rigidly subcoriaceous

soideae).

(Mimo-

16. C. pumila, Lam.

DC. Prodr. ii. 504; gland of petiole stipitate,
0. prostrata,
stamens 5, seeds 6-12.
Wall. Cat. 5327; W. 8f A. Prodr. 292.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32 Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 82. Senna prostrata, Boxb. Fl.
;

Ind.

352.

ii:

From

Distrib. Malay
the Himalayas (ascending to 6-7000 ft.) to Ceylon.
Trop. Australia.
A low very diffuse shrub, with slender finely downy branches. Leaf 1-2 in. long
leaflets 20-40, |-4 in. long, distinctly mucronate, the midrib close to the upper border
Flowers usually solitary in the axils of the leaves,
stipules linear, rigid, persistent.
Corolla little exserted.
Anthers 5 equal. Pod
on very short pedicels. Sepals in.
Probably this and the next are mere varieties of C. mimo3J- 1^ in. by ^- in.
isles,

17. C. Kleinii, W. # A. Prodr.

0. dimidiata, Klein;
10, seeds 10-15.

293

gland of petiole stipitate, stamens

Wall. Cat. 5328, not Don.
;

Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Distrib.

Java.
like C. pumila,Jmt more robust, the branches thinly or densely pilose.
^8-12
20-40,
reduced
on
the
lowest
leaves,
Leaflets
- in. long, rigidly coriaceous,
strongly veined, with a distinct oblique mucro, the midrib close to the upper border.
Flowers 1-3 together in the axils of the leaves, on downy bracteate pedicels.
Calyx

Very

\ ~j in.

Petals

ish, glabrescent.

C. mimosoides, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 505 ; gland of petiole

stamens 10 rarely 5, seeds 10-20. C. angustissima, Lam.
DC. Prodr.
loc/cit.
W. $ A. Prodr. 292. 0. Roxburghiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5323.
O. amcena, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5321. C. sensitiva and tenella, Boxb. Hort. Beng.
32.
Senna sensitiva and tenella, Boxb. Fl. Ind. 353-4.
18.

sessile,

Himalayas, ascending to 5-6000 ft. in Klmaon and Khasia, to Ceylon and MaDistrib. Cosmopolitan in Tropics.
A low diffuse perennial, with slender shrubby finely downy branches. Leaves
1-3 in. long, with a solitary sessile gland on the rachis below the leaflets
leaflets
60-100, linear, rigidly coriaceous, - in. long, obliquely mucronate, with the midrib
border;
stipules
large,
linear-subulate,
the
upper
to
persistent.
.close
Flowers 1-2 togeSepals ^-\ in., lanceolate-acuminate,
ther in the axils of the leaves on short pedicels.
Stamens 10, alternately longer and shorter, Pod
Corolla little exserted.
bristly.
/'strap-shaped, flat, dehiscent, 1^2 in. by in, nearly straight, glabrescent or finely
downy septa more or less oblique.
Var. 1. dimidiata Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32, sp. leaves and flowers of the type but
Senna dimidiata, Buck, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 352. Himalayas.
the stamens 5 only.
Var. 2. Wallichidfta DC. Prodr. ii. 505, sp. finely downy, leaflets larger J- in.
Wall. Cat. 5320
long and ltss rigid, flowers larger -^ in. long.
W. A. Prodr.
lacca.

C. myriophylla, Wall. Cat. 5326.

C. Leschenaultii, Wall. Cat. 5325.
C.
Bot. Mag. t. 5874. Distribution of the type.
Telfairiana, Wall. Cat. 5324
Var. 3. auricoma Grab, in Wall. Cat. 5322, sp. flowers and leaves of the last,
but the branches densely clothed with fine spreading hairs.

292.


Cassia.}

l.

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

267

DOTTBTFUX SPECIES.
C. jayanica, Linn.; DC. Prodr. ii. 490, Wall. Cat. 5309 (C. Bacillus, Gaertn. ;
Ropeb. Fl. Ind. ii. 337- Wt. Icones, t. 252) differs from C. nodosa by its smaller and
more obtuse leaflets. It is sometimes cultivated within our limits and is wild in the
plant gathered by Griffith near Prome is either a variety with leaflets
Malay isles.
densely pubescent beneath or a new species. The inflorescence of both this and the
Malay plant corresponds with that of C. nodosa.

104.

CYNOMETRA, Linn.

Erect unarmed trees. Leaves with few coriaceous odd-pinnate leaflets.

Cal x with a very
Flowers copious, minute, in axillary corymbs or racemes.
divisions 4-5, oblong, imbricated.
Petals 5,
short tube and subbasal disk
Stamens 10, or in C. polyandra indefinite,
oblanceolate, equal, not exserted.
;

filaments erect, free, filiform, exserted ; anthers small, oblong, versatile, dehisOvary sessile or short-stalked, 2-ovuled style filiform,
cing longitudinally.
Pod turgid, oblique-oblong, with very thick indehiscent
stigma capitate.
Seed exalbuminous, central,
usually rugose tough somewhat fleshy valves.
Distkib. Species 20, spread everywhere in the tropics.
filling" up the cavity.
;

Stjbgen.

Eucynometra.

1.

Stamens

10.

DC.

C. ramiflora, Linn.

Prodr. ii. 509

leaflets 2-4, racemes
;
usually solitary corymbose axillary from the branchlets, pod turgid rugose.
W. f A. Prodr. 293 JDalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 83 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 315. O.
cauliflora, Wall. Cat. 5816, ex parte.
1.

Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Distrib. Malay

isles,

Philippines, N. Aus-

tralia.

Leaflets

-jugate

and 2-jugate mixed or often

all

-jugate, subsessile, if 2-jugate

Thwaites) the upper muck the largest, oblong, subacute very

Racemes few-flowered, corymbose, sessile
petiole A-l^ in.
oblique, 3-6 in. long
from the axils of the leaves of the branchlets, with the primary axis not produced,
Sepals in. Pods
rarely geminate outer scales ovate, - in. pedicels \-^ in.
turgid, very rugose, f-1 in. long, subsessile.
Var. mimosoides, Wall. Cat. 5817, sp. leaflets all bijugate not so unequal as in
the bijugate form of the type much smaller 1-3 in. long more obtuse and thicker,
C. bijuga,
flowers and pod smaller, the latter pointed and very deeply wrinkled.
Spanog. Mia. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 78. Western Peninsula, Pegu, Tenasserim.
(var. heterophylla,

C. travancorica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 316

corymbs from the branchlets, pod flat smooth.
2.

leaflets 2, flowers in sessile

South Travancore and in the Carnatic near Tinnevelly, alt. 2-4000 ft., Beddome.
leaflets always unijugate, oblique oblong-lanceolate, subacute,
Petioles | in.
Racemes solitary, copious, rounded, few-flowered, with the
glabrous, 2-3 in. long.
central axis not at all produced bracts ^ in., deltoid pedicels erecto-patent, - in.
Filaments twice the length of the sepals. Pod flat,
Sepals in., finally reflexed.
;

smooth, firm, semicircular,

sessile, I-I5- in. long.

3.
C. inaequifolia, A. Gray Bot. U.S. Fxpl. Fxpedit. 473 leaflets
4-6, flowers in very dense oblong sessile solitary or geminate racemes from the
branchlets, pod flat smooth.
;

Malacca, Maingay.

Distrib.

Philippines, Cuming, 1297-

Leaflets subcoriaceous, rigid, glabrous, oblique, obovate-oblong, subequal, in our

specimens 2-3 in. long. Flowers in very dense oblong sessile cone-like racemes, 1^-2
in.

long, the central axis produced

outer bracts round-cordate, obtuse, in.

pedicels


268

leguminosjE.

L.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Cynometra.

erecto-patent, A- in.
Filaments twice the
Sepals in., permanently ascending.
calyx.
Pod \ in. thick, woody, oblique obovoid, 2-2\ in. long, not at all wrinkled.
Col. Beddome has found a plant in South Canara with 3 pairs of leaflets and similar
bracts, of which the flowers are not yet known.

C. cauliflora, Linn.

DC.

Prodr. ii. 509 leaflets usually 2, flowers

from thick branches with the axis produced,
pod turgid wrinkled. Roxb. Hort. Benq. 32
Wall. Cat. 5816, ex parte ;
W. 8r A. Prodr. 293 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 315 {analysis).
4.

in dense sessile congested racemes

Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Malacca.

Distbib. Malay isles.

Branchlets slender, glabrous. Petioles very short leaflets very rarely bijugate,
and if so very unequal, rigidly coriaceous, sessile, glossy, obovate, very oblique
obtuse or subacute, 3-6 in. long. Racemes congested in dense rounded masses, not
more than an inch long, the central axis of each produced, the short erecto-patent
pedicels subtended by small roundish spreading persistent bracts.
Calyx in. Pod
like that of C. ramiflora, oblique oblong, very turgid, 1-1 in. long.
;

Sttbgen. 2.
5.
ii.

372

Fseudocynometra, W.

C. polyandra, Roxb.
;

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

509

Cor. PI.

fy

Wall. Cat. 5815

Stamens

A.

286

iii. t.

W.

indefinite.

Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind.

$ A. Prodr. 294.

IVHASIA, SlLHET, PENANG, MALACCA.

Branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves nearly sessile, -f ft. leaflets 4-6, usually
the latter, sessile, oblique-oblong or obovate, 2-4 in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous,
acute or subobtuse, glossy. Flowers in dense corymbs, sessile in the axils of the
pedicels downy, -1 in.
Sepals f in., reflexed.
leaves of the branchlets
Stamens
40-60, much exserted. Pod oblique oblong, smooth, woody, 2 in. long.
;

105.

SINDOHA,

Miquel.

Unarmed

Leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets few.

Flowers small,
trees.
Calyx with a very short tube and basal disk segments 4, valvate, the
two upper being connate. Petal one, the same size and shape as the upper lip
of the calyx. Statnens 10, the upper one free from the others, shorter and
anantherous, the rest declinate, shortly monadelphous, unequal, the upper

panicled.

anthers oblong, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally.

Ovary
2-ovuled, short-stalked
stigma long, filiform, circinate, stigma minute terminal.
Pod like that of Guilandina, oblique, round-oblong, dehiscent, the flat,
hard valves armed all over the face with straight large firm prickles. Distrib.
Another species or variety in Sumatra.
longest, exserted

1. S. "Wallichii, Benth. in Hook. Ic.

below shortly tomentose, leaflets 4-6, bracts

dina Wallichiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5805.

684, 1003.

1017-8

t.

branchlets and leaves

persistent, calyx prickly.

GuilanEchinocalyx, Benth. Gen. Plant.

Sincapobe, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A small erect unarmed tree, with branches clothed with short brown pubescence.
Leaflets rigidly coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, subobtuse, oblong, glossy above, closely
pubescent beneath. Panicles dense, axillary and terminal bracts cordate, roundish}
spreading or reflexed pedicels nearly as long as the calyx.
Calyx ^ in., browndowny, the sepals armed towards the tip with large firm prickles. Pod glabrous,
sublignose, 2-3 in. long.
Vab. 1. siamensis, Teysm., sp. leaflets 6 obovate distinctly emarginate larger
thinner strongly veined the end one 3-4 in. long. Siam, Teysmann.
Vab. 2. intermedia, Baker; leaflets 6-8 smaller more acute, flowers smaller,
and receding towards the next by its shorter pedicels, caducous bracts, calyx without
prickles and more densely velvety sepals and branches.
Malacca, Maingay.
;


Sindora.']

l.

leguminosj:.

G. Baker.)

2G9

branchlets and leaves below densely tomentose,

10-12, bracts caducous, calyx not prickly.

S. velutina, Baker

2.

(J.

; ;

leaflets

Malacca, Dr. Maingay.

Leaves -f ft. Pubescence of branchlets calyx and underside of leaves much
longer and more dense than in the last, bright brown. Leaflets 3-3 in. long, oblong,
Buds in. long. Ovary and
Pedicels very short.
subacute, very thick and rigid.
lower part of filaments more densely pubescent than in the last. Pod not seen.

DIALIUBX,

106.

Linn.

Erect unarmed trees. Leaves odd-pinnate, with alternate leaflets. Flowers

Calyx-tube very short
copious, small, obscure, in ample terminal panicles.
Petals 0.
sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, subequal, much imbricated.
Stamens 2, erect, included ; anthers dehiscing longitudinally, attached near the
Ovary sessile, 2-ovuled style filiform, stigma terminal. Pod firm, dry,
base.
Seed albuminous. Distrib.
indehiscent, oblong, 1-seeded ; endocarp pulpy.
Species about 10, cosmopolitan in the tropics.
;

* Sepals oblong-lanceolate, not

more than

~ in. broad.

1. X>. ovoideum, Thwaites Enum. 97; leaflets 3-5 the end one cuneate
at the base, branches of the panicle ascending, pedicels nearly as long as the
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 181.
calyx, pod brown- velvety.

Ceylon,

A tall

districts north of

tree.

Kandy, Thwaites.

Leaflets conspicuously alternate, rigidly subcoriaceous, thinner

than

in the following, glabrous on both sides, strongly veined, not glossy above, 2-4 in. long,
subobtuse, narrowed gradually from the middle to both ends petiolules ^-\ in.
Panicle ample, with slender finely grey- downy branches. Bud lanceolate, i in. long.
;

in. broad, thinly grey -downy.

Filament
Sepals subpetaloid, lanceolate, under
nearly as long as the anther in the developed flower. Pod ovoid, slightly compressed,
^-f in. long, eatable, with an agreeable acid flavour; seeds round, compressed,
Closely allied to the Javan D. indum, Linn.
shining, yellow or reddish-brown.
(Bennett PL Jav. Ear. t. 30), which is not known within our limits, and differs by
its oblong buds and shorter filaments and petiolules.

2.

Z>. l*Xaing*ayi, Baker; leaflets 9 rounded at the base, branches of

the panicle ascending, pedicels short, pod brown-velvety.

Sincapoee, Dr. Maingay.
Leaflets more crowded on the rachis than in the last, distinctly alternate, oblongcuspidate, glabrous, 3-4 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, glossy above, dull and paler
Panicle ample, close, with rigidly erecto-patent main
petiolules in.
below
branches, the lowest springing from the axils of the upper leaf; pedicels ascending,
not more than half as long as the calyx.
Sepals in., oblong-lanceolate, thinly
coated on the back with grey-brown pubescence. Filaments much shorter than the
Pod obovoid, 1 in. long, firm, persistently brown-velvety.
anthers.
;

3.

D. laurinum, Baker

leaflets

7 rounded at the base, branches of the

panicle ascending, pedicels short, pod not velvety.

Malacca, Dr. Maingay.

Leaflets oblong, broadly rounded at the base, narrowed suddenly

to a subobtuse point,
rigidly coriaceous, glossy above, glabrous, opaque, strongly veined beneath
Panicles axillary and terminal; pedicels very short, ascending.
petiolules \-^ in.
Bud ovoid-oblong, in. long. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, densely grey-downy on the
back. Filaments very short. Pod roundish, 1 in. deep, fragile, black, thinly coated

4-5

in. long,

with greyish-brown down.

Seed as large as a bean.


270

leguminos^.

L.

4.

D. patens,

Baker;

leaflets

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Dialium.

3-5 rounded at the base, branches of the

pod not velvety.

panicle spreading, pedicels as long as the calyx,

Malacca,

Griffith,

Maingay.

subopposite, oblong, rigidly coriaceous or subcoriaceous,

petiolules
glabrous, 3-5 in. long, obtusely pointed, finely veined, rather glossy
- in. Panicles both axillary and terminal, ample, flexuose with the distant main
pedicels ascending, spreading or
branches spreading or even sometimes decurved
Sepals oblong-lanceolate, subpetaloid, thinly
cernuous. Bud in., ovoid-oblong.
grey-downy. Filaments very short. Pod 1 in. long, round-oblong, firm, black,
thinly coated with grey-brown down seed oblong, -f in. long.
Leaflets

opposite or

** Sepals ovate-lanceolate -
5.

D. platysepalum,

Malacca,

Griffith,

in.

broad.

Baker.

Maingay.

Leaflets 5-7, distant, conspicuously alternate, oblong, pointed, 4-6 in. long,
rounded or the end one subcuneate at the base, rigidly coriaceous, rather glossy
above, finely veined beneath, with a persistent coating of bright yellowish-brown
Panicles ample, deltoid, moderately close, tersilky pubescence; petiolules \ in.
minal and axillary, the branches clothed with fine brown silky pubescence, the
main ones erecto-patent pedicels ascending or cernuous, much shorter than the
Bud ovoid, under ^ in. long. Sepals leathery, densely brown-velvety on
calyx.
Filaments thick and fleshy,
the" back, reflexed when the flower is fully expanded.
;

nearly as long as the anthers.

Pod round-oblong, f-f

long, hard, persistently

in.

brown -velvety. Seeds oblong, compressed, glossy, chestnut-brown.

Var. Wa'llichii, Baker leaflets 9-1 1 closer smaller oblong-lanceolate acuminate,
;

the upper 2-2J in. long, petiolules shorter.

Sincapore, Wallich. Malacca, Maingay.

107.

" Connaracea

? "

Wall: Cat. 8534.

HARDWICKXA, Eoxb.

Unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with few leaflets. Flowers very
Calyx with scarcely any tube and a subbasal
abundant, minute, panicled.
sepals usually 5, rarely 4, oblong, imbricated, subpetaloid, persistent.
disk
Stamens twice the sepals in number, included or exserted
Corolla 0.
Ovary sessile,
filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, dehiscing longitudinally.
2-ovuled style filiform, stigma capitate. Pod subindehiscent, dry, with only
the upper ovule perfected ; seeds exalbuminous. Distrib. One other species,
Trop. African.
;

H. bin at a,

Jtoxb. Cor. PI. iii. 6, t. 209 ; leaflets 2 sessile oblique

veined, stamens included, stigma large peltate, racemes fewJRoxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
flowered, pod strap-shaped thin with the seed at the tip.
423 : DC. Prodr. ii. 487 ; Wall. Cat. 5808 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 284 ; Dalz. $
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 83 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 26.
1.

flabellately

Behar and Western

Pentnsttla, ascending to 3500

ft.

tree 100 feet high, with slender glabrous branches.

Bavhinia, oblique, ovate-trapezoid, 1-3 in. long, obtuse or
radiating from the base. Panicles axillary and terminal
Sepals oblong, obtuse, under in.
calyx, not bracteolate.
Spatholobus, thin, flexible, 2-3 in. long.
>

Leaflets like those of a

subacute, with 4-5 ribs

pedicels as long as the

long.
Pod like that of

leaflets 4-6 alternate petiolulate

2. K. pinnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 425
not oblique, stamens exserted, stigma minute, racemes dense narrow, pod
Wall. Cat. 5807
obovoid or oblong nearlv or quite filled up by the seed.
DC. Prodr. ii. 487; W. $ A. Prodr. 284; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 255.
;

Crudia.~\

L.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

271

Ghauts of Canaba, Teavancobe and the Cabnatic.

2-4 in. long, venulose, the upper of the
uppermost pair sometimes apparently terminal midrib central, veining pinnate
Panicles copious, axillary and terminal, formed of dense slender
petiolules -j in.
Calyx broadly campanulate, under
cylindrical racemes pedicels spreading, ^ ^ in.
Filaments twice as long as
in. long, with a pair of minute adpressed bracteoles.
the sepals. Pod turgid, l|-2 in. long, rigid, sublignose, not at all oblique.
Leaflets oblong, rigidly coriaceous, acute,

108.

CRUDIA,

Schreb.

Glabrous shrubs ortrees. Leaves odd-pinnate,* with conspicuously alternate

Flowers in terminal or lateral racemes.
Calyx- tube very short, with
the disk nearly basal; segments 4, oblong, imbricated, persistent, reflexed.
Stamens 10, exserted, filaments free, filiform
anthers oblong,
Petals 0.
Ovary stalked, few-ovuled style filiform,
versatile, dehiscing longitudinally.
stigma terminal capitate. Pod flat, rigidly coriaceous, 2-valved. Seeds exalbuminous. Distrib. Species 10, one African, the rest Trop. American.
leaflets.

1.
t.

190.

C. zeylanica, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 314

Detarium zeylanicum, Thwaites Enum. 414.

Bedd. Fl. Sylv.

Ceylon, near Caltura, Thwaites.

A tall tree, with slender glabrous branchlets.

Leaflets 3-5, oblong, short-stalked,

subcoriaceous, rather oblique, obtusely pointed, bright green above, paler
beneath, strongly veined. Racemes dense, terminal, on short branches, as long as or
shorter than the leaves; pedicels reflexed, finally ^ in., equalling the reflexed coriaOvary distinctly stalked, oblique-oblong, densely clothed with pale
ceous sepals.
brown tomentum. Ovules 3-4. Pod not seen.

rigidly

109.

SARACA, Linn.

Erect trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous. Floioers

in dense sessile corymbose axillary panicles, with subpetaloid reddish bracteoles.
Calyx with the disk at the summit of a cylindrical tube ; divisions 4,
Corolla 0.
Stamens 3-8, exserted with long
and oblong versatile anthers opening longitudinally. Ovary
many-ovuled with a stalk produced beyond the disk style long, filiform, stigma
minute capitate. Pod flat, dehiscent, rigidly coriaceous. Seeds exalbuminous.
Distrib. Species 6, restricted to India and Malaya.

oblong, unequal, subpetaloid.

filiform filaments,

S. indie a,

Linn. Mant. 98; leaflets 6-12, petiolules short, bracteoles

sepals about half as long as the calyx-tube, stamens
usually 7. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 57.
S. arborescens, Burm. Fl. Lnd. 85, t. 25,
fig. 2.
Jonesia Asoca,
S. minor and Zollingeriana, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. 84.
Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 218 DC. Prodr. ii. 487 ; Wall. Cat. 5822 ; W. # A. Prodr.
284; Wight Lc. t. 206; Bot. Mag. t. 3018; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 82.
J. pinnata, Willd. Sp. PL ii. 2S7.Rheede Hart. Mai. v. t. 59.
1.

persistent ascending,

From the Centbal and Eastebn Himalayas, ascending

Ceylon and Malacca. Distbib. Malay isles.

A low

to

2000

feet in

Kumaon,

erect tree.
Leaves sessile or subsessile leaflets oblong or oblong- lanceoacute or obtuse, 3-9 in. long rigidly subcoriaceous.
Corymbs dense, 3-4 in.
broad pedicels stout, \~\ in. long, below the oblong-spathulate ascending amplexicaul bracteoles.
Sepals \-^ in., obovate-oblong.
Filaments three times as long as
;

late,

* Wrongly given as equally pinnate in the Key.


272

l.

leguminosji.

the sepals. Pod 4-10 in. by l-2

oblong, compressed, 1^ in. long.

S. cauliflora,

2.

Baker-,

in.,

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

like that of

[Saraca.

a MiUettia, 4-8-seeded.

Seeds

10-12, petiolules long, bracteoles 0,

leaflets

corymbs dense from thick old branches, sepals half as long as the calyx-tube,
stamens about

Malacca,

7.

Griffith,

Maingay.

long

leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, strongly veined

upper
oblanceolate-oblong, acute, a foot or more long; lower shorter, more oblong.
Corymbs solitary or geminate, nearly sessile, ample, dense, 4-6 in. broad main
branches stout, woody pedicels of lower flowers disarticulated at the base before the
upper expand bracteoles none to be seen in the specimens. Flowers the same size
as in the last, but the tube and pedicels more slender.
Closely approaches the
Malayan S. declinata, Miquel, in habit, foliage and inflorescence, but that has only 4
stamens.

Petiolules

in.

S. Lobbiana, Baker)

3.

large caducous, corymbs sparse

as the calyx-tube, stamens 7-8.

Martaban

foot of

10-12, petiolules short, bracteoles

leaflets

from young slender branches, sepals half as long

Mount Kola, Moulmein,

tree 40 feet high.

4.

S. triandra,

Lobb.

leaflets thinner than in the two last,

\ in.
Corymbs solitary from leafless slender
oblanceolate-oblong, subacute, ^1 ft. long.
branches, with only a few erecto-patent branches ; bracteoles f-^ in., oblong-spathu~
late, navicular, amplexicaul, falling before the flowers expand.
Sepals oblong, in.
Stamens twice as long as the sepals. Flowers yellow, turning to reddish.
deep.

persistent,

Roxb.

Petiolules

Baker-, leaflets 4r-8, petiolules short, bracteoles spreading

Jonesia triandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 220. J. scandens,

stamens 3-4.

loc. cit. ?

Tenasserim, Malacca. Distrib. Siam, Sumatra.

Petiolules ^-\ in.
leaflets oblanceolate-oblong, subcoriaceous, subobtuse or subCorymbs sessile from the side of slender branches, round,
acute upper ^-1 ft. long.
very dense, sometimes 6-8 in. broad bracts persistent, spreading or reflexed bracteoles obovate, under \ in. long, not boat-shaped or amplexicaul, bright-coloured.
Filaments 3-4 times as long as the sepals. Pod oblong,
Sepals under in. long.
5-6 in. by 1^-2 in. Very near the Malay S. macroptera and palembanica, Miquel.
;

110.

AlttHERSTIA,

Wall.

An erect tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Flowers racemed. Calyx with a

long cylindrical disciferous tube sepals 4, oblong, the two lowest connate.
Petals only 3 developed, the upper very broad, with a long claw, the two lateral
as long, but narrower, oblong-spathulate, the two lowest rudimentary. Stamens
diadelphous, 9 lower having the filaments connate in a long tube, alternately
larger and smaller, the upper free from the base
anthers versatile, dehiscing
Ovary stalked beyond the disk, many-ovuled style long,
longitudinally.
Pod large, flat, almost woody, dehiscent. Seeds
filiform, stigma capitate.
large, round-oblong, compressed, exalbummous.
Distrib.
single endemic
;

species.
1.

G.

A.

Don

nobilis, Wall PL As. Rar.

Gen. Syst.

ii.

i.

p.

1,

t.

1-2; Wall. Cat. 596;

437.

Martaban, Tenasserim and Malacca, often planted.

Leaves very large, abruptly pinnate
erect unarmed tree.

An

acuminate, -1

ft.,

opposite, glabrous, subcoriaceous.

leaflets oblong,

Flowers in ample pendulous

Tamarindus.]

l.

leguminoS-ze.

G. Baker.)

(J.

273

racemes, the most showy of those of the Indian Leguminosse ; pedicel* 2-4 in., with a
pair of large lanceolate persistent coloured bracteoles at the apex enclosing the buds.
Sepals membranous, coloured, 1 in. long. Petals mixed brilliant red and yellow, the
upper one 2 in. long and broad tube as long as the sepals, cylindrical. Pod like
that of a Millettia, \ ft. long, \\ in. broad, glabrous, truncate, 4-6-seeded.
;

111.

TAMARIND US, Linn.

A spineless tree.

Leaves abruptly pinnate. Flowei's racemed.

Calyx-txdae
turbinate ; disk produced some* distance above its base teeth lanceolate, much
imbricated, the two lowest connate.
Petals only the three upper developed,
the two lateral ovate, the upper hooded, the two lower reduced to scales.
Stamens monadelphous, only 3 developed, the others reduced to mere bristles at
the top of the sheath ; anthers oblong, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally.
Ovary many-ovuled, with a stalk adnate to the calyx-tube; style filiform,
stigma capitate. Pod ligulate, many-seeded, with a thin crustaceous epicarp
and thick pulpy mesocarp. Seeds exalbmninous.
single species.
;

1.

Cat.
t.
t.

T. indica, Linn, DC.

W. $ A. Prodr. 285

Prodr.

5824

T. occidentalis, Gaertn.
184.
4563.

488

ii.

Bah. #
DC. loc.

Gibs.
cit.

Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 215 Wall.

Fl. 82 Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
T. officinalis, Hook. Bot. Mag.
;

Bomb.

Diffused through India and the Tropics generally, probably indigenous in

Africa.
large unarmed tree. Leaves abruptly' pinnate, with 20-40, glabrescent, close
obtuse opposite oblong leaflets. Flowers few together, in copious lax racemes at the
end of the branchlets pedicels articulated at the base of the calyx bracts boatshaped, enclosing the buds, caducous. Petals under in. long, yellow, striped with
red.
Pod 3-6 in. by 1 in. or more, 3-10-seeded.

112.

HUMBOLDTIA, Vahl.

Unarmed erect small trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with persistent usually
Flmvers small, in copious racemes, each furnished with a pair
peltate stipules.
Calyx-tube turbinate, with the
of persistent coloured bracteoles at the base.
disk produced some distance above its base; sepals 4, oblong, subeqnal, imbricated.
Petals 5 or 3, oblong-spathulate, clawed, subequal, exceeding the
calyx.
Stamens 5, equal, exserted, alternating with 5 minute staminodes,
Ovary
filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally.
with a stalk immersed in the disk, linear, few-ovuled ; style very long, filiform,
stigma terminal. Pod flat, dehiscent, rigidly coriaceous. Seeds exalbuminous.
Disteib. Species
1.

K.

5,

the other Tropical African.

laurifolia, Vahl; DC. Prodr.

ii.

488; branches hollow, nodes

constricted, stipule-spur lanceolate, leaves nearly sessile, leaflets 8-10, petiolules

short, petals 5.
R. Br. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 18; W. $ A. Prodr. 285 5

Wight
t.

Ic.

t.

1605; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 93.

Batschia laurifolia, Vahl, Symb. 39,

56.

Malabar and Ceyxon.

A low tree, with the intern odes

Leaves
3-4 in. long
stipules coriaceous, very large, oblong-lanceolate, 1 in. or more long above the attachment. Racemes dense, axillary, drooping, nearly sessile, 3-6 in. long pedicels 4-i
in.
Flower f in. long, exclusive of the exserted stamens bracteoles oblong-spatnulate, half as long as the calyx.
Pod rigid, ligulate-oblong, 3-4 in. long. Seeds 3-4.
T
VOL. II.

-1

ft.

long

of the branchlets conspicuously swollen.

leaflets oblong, cuspidate, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous,

274

LEGUMiNOSiE.

L.

Baker.)

(J. Gr.

[Humboldtia.

2. K. unijug'a, i?edd. ic. P7. Jwrf. Or. .t. 108 ; branches solid, nodes not
Constricted, stipules not spurred, leaves and 2 leaflets subsessile, petals 5.

Travancore mountains,

alt.

3-4500

ft.,

Beddome.

A large tree,

glabrous in all its parts, with terete slender branchlets. Stipules

lanceolate, in., rigidly coriaceous; petiole very short, broadly flattened and
hollowed out on the face leaflets oblong -lanceolate, rather oblique, 5-6 in. long,
obtusely acuminate, glossy on the upper surface. Pedicels \-^ in., spreading, finely
Flower ^ in. long, exclusive of
silky bracteoles obtuse, half as long as the calyx.
the exserted stamens. Petals bright red.
;

3. K. Brunonis, Wall. PL As. Par. iii. 17, t. 233; branches solid,

nodes not constricted, spur of stipules rounded, leaves nearly sessile, leaflets

Wall. Cat.
4, petiolules short, petals 3.
Ic. t. 1606 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 93.

2332

W.

A. Prodr. 285

8f

Wight

Ghauts of Nilghiris and Coorg.

Branchlets slender, terete. Petiole not flattened stipules small, lanceolate above
the attachment, with a transverse oblong spur ; leaflets oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous,
glabrous, obtusely cuspidate, 4-6 in. long. Bacemes axillary, distinctly peduncled,
equalling or exceeding the leaves pedicels - in., spreading or ascending bracteFlower - in. long, exclusive of the exserted stamens.
oles and calyx grey-downy.
;

4.

ZZ.

Vahliana,

stricted, spur of stipules

Wight Ic. t. 1607-8 ; branches solid, nodes not conrounded, leaves distinctly petioled, leaflets 6-8, petiolules

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 93.

long, petals 5.

jungles about Conoor, Br. Wight.

Branchlets slender, terete. Stipules 1 in. or more long, lanceolate above, transversely oblong below the point of attachment ; leaf-rachis 5-7 in. long, including the
leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous, 5-6
1 in. petiole
in. long, both sides finely venulose.
Bacemes peduncled, subspicate, 1-3-nate
bracteoles and sepals very downy on the back, the latter f in. long. Petals verycaducous, not exceeding the sepals. Pod almost woody, ft. by 1^ in., narrowed to

Nilghiris

the point.

113.

AFZELZA,

Smith.

Erect unanned trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with few pairs of opposite
Flmvers in copious terminal panicles.
Calyx with the disk produced
to the top of its elongated tube ; sepals 4, much imbricated, slightly unequal.
Developed petal one^ orbicular with 'a distinct claw, the others absent or
rudimentary. Stamens 3-9, declinate, filaments long, pilose ; anthers minute,
oblong, opening longitudinally. Pod large, oblong, flattish, sublignose, subDistrib. Tropics of the Old World ; species 10.
indehiscent.
leaflets.

1.

A. retusa, Kurz

2-6, racemes
stamens 3.

Malacca,

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Peng. xlii. 2, 73; leaflets

simple, pedicels glabrous, calyx-tube as long as limb, fertile

Griffith.

A shrub, glabrous

Andamans, Kurz.

Leaflets stalked, oblong, subcoriaceous, 2-3

long, obtuse, conspicuously emarginate.
Flowers in simple corymbose terminal
in.
Calyx-tube - in., cylindrical sepals | in. broad. Petal
racemes pedicels %-%
blade
round, in. broad. Pod oblong, subcoriaceous,
twice as long as the sepals ;

in all its parts.

in.

3-4

in. by 1-1 in.

2. A. bijug-a, A. Gray Pot. Amer. JSxpl. Expedit. 467, t. 51

leaflets
paniek corymbose, pedicels pilose, calyx-tube as long as limb, fertile stamens
;

4,
3.


leguminos^.

L.

Jfzelia.']

(J.

G. Baker.)

<)utea bijuga, DC. Prodr. ii. 511 \ Wall. Cat. No. 5823.
Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 359, t. 17.

Malay

peninsula,

Wallich,

Griffith.

Distrib.

275

Macrolobium bijugum,

Seychelles and

Malay

and

isles

Polynesia.
obliquely oblong, subcoriaceous,
An erect tree, 50 feet high. Leaflets
Flowers in a dense terminal corymbose
glabrous, 2-5 in. long, subacute or obtuse.
Calyx-bubs cylindrical, |-f in.
Petal
pedicels ^-% in., grey-downy.
panicle
Filaments above 1 in. Pod rigid, flat* oblong,
exserted, round, with a long claw.
6-8 in. long; seeds 4-5.
stalked,

A. palembanica,

3.

tube as long as limb,

Sat. Suppl. 289.

Baker;
stamens

fertile

corymbose, calyxIntsia palembanica, Mia. Fldr. Lnd.

leaflets 6-8, panicle

3.

Malacca, Griffith ("The best Malacca timber tree"), Maingay.

Kurz. Distrib. Malay isles.

Andamans,

A tall unarmed

erect tree.
Leaflets stalked, oblong, subcoriaceous, obtuse, emar2-4 in. long lowest pair distinctly smallest. Flowers in a dense terminal
corymbose panicle pedicels j^-\ in., grey-downy. Calyx-tube cylindrical, |*- in.
Filaments ^-1 in. Pod oblong, almost woody, glossy, 6-10 in.
Petal not exserted.
ginate,

by

in.,

4.

straight or rather curved.

A.? coriacea,

coriacea,

Baker-, leaflets 4-6, panicle thyrsoid with racemose

shorter than the limb, fertile stamens 9.
Intsia

much
Maingay MSS.

branches, calyx-tube

Malacca, Maingay.

Leaflets stalked, oblong, glabrous, very rigid and coriaceous, 3-4 in. long, obtuse,
emarginate. Flowers in copious elongated terminal panicles, with distant racemose

Ca^-tube
branches, clothed like the pedicels and calyx with thin rusty tomentum.
very short; sepals i in., much narrower and less imbricated than in the two other
" Filaments alternately longer and shorter (5 long, 4 short), in bud, connate
species.
May prove a Pahudia, but
into a partial tube at the base," Maingay. Pod not seen.

we have young buds

only.

114.

BAUXXXNXA,

Linn.

Leaves simple,
erect trees or climbers with circinate tendrils.
usually deeply cleft from the tip, rarely entire or fully divided into 2 leaflets.
CalyxFloioers showy, in copious simple or panicled often corymbose racemes.

Unarmed

tube with the disk produced to the top, sometimes long and cylindrical, sometimes short and turbinate limb entire .and spathaceous, or cleft into 2 or 5
Stamens 10, or
Petals 5, subequal, usually with a distinct claw.
teeth.
reduced to 5 or 3, if fewer than 10 with sterile filaments absent or present,
anthers versatile, dehiscing longitudinally.
Ovary
filaments free, filiform
style long or short, stigma small or large and peltate,
stalked, many-ovuled
subterminal or oblique. Pod linear or rarely oblong, fiat, continuous within,
Seeds albuminous.
Distrib. Species 130, spread
dehiscent or indehiscent.
everywhere in the Tropics.
5

Sect. 1. Pauietia, Cav. Fertile stamens 10.

tube and spathaceous limb. Pod narrow, dehiscent.
sho wry flowers and connate leaflets.

Calyx with a very short

Erect shrubs with

1.

large

B. tomentosa, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 514 flowers usually in axillary

much longer than the entire calyx-limb, pod stalked not ribbed near
;

jjairs, petals

the upper suture. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Lnd. ii. 323 ; Wall. Cat. 5790', excl.
$ G; Bot. Mag. t. 5560 W. # A. Prodr. 295 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 92. B.
speciosa, Roxb. ; Walk Cat. 5791.

12

276

L.

North "West

legumenosj:.

(J. Gr.

[BauMnia.

Baker.)

Provinces to Ceylon and Penang.

Distrib.

Malay

isles,

China,

Trop. Africa.

An erect shrub, with downy branches. Leaf broader than long, not cordate,
coriaceous, 1-2 in. deep, cleft less than halfway down into two obtuse lobes, pubescent below,. 7 -nerved. Flcfwers usually in short-peduncled pairs from the axils of the
leaves, rarely 1 or 3 ; pedicels with a pair of large persistent linear bracteoles.
Calyx-limb broad-ovate, finely downy, i in. Petals l|-2 in. long, obovate-spathulate,
yellow, the upper with a red blotch on the face.
4-5 in. by | in., 6-10-seeded, glabrous.

Style -$ in.

Pod

distinctly stalked,

B. brachycarpa, Wall. Cat. 5786; flowers racemose, pod small sesnot ribbed near the upper suture. JBenth. PL Jungh. 261.

2.
sile

Ava

Taong-dong mountains, Wallich.

;
doubtful plant, known only in fruit. Branches slender, glabrous. Leaf cordate, roundish, thin, glabrous, 9-ribbed, cleft a third down into two obtuse lobes. Racemes short-peduncled, many-flowered, about as long as the leaves pedicels ascending, ^-^in.
Pod lj-1^ in. by in., narrowed to both ends, 2-3-seeded, dehiscent.

B. polycarpa, Wall.

3.

pod nearly

entire,

sessile

Cat. 5787
flowers in long racemes, calyx-limb
not ribbed near the upper suture.
Benth. PI. Jungh.
;

261.

Martaban banks of the Attran river, Wallich.

Another doubtful species, known only in bud and pod. Leaves suborbicular, slightly
Flowers in narrow
cordate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous, flexible, obtusely lobed ^-^ down.
Pedicels shorter than
close short-peduncled axillary regular racemes 3-5 in. long.
3-4
in. long, in.
the bud, which is glabrous, ovoid-lanceolate, in. long. Pod
;

broad, glabrous, dehiscent, nearly straight, 6-10-seeded.

flowers in close axillary

4. B, acuminata, Linn, ; DC. Prodr. ii. 513
racemes, petals as long as the calyx-limb which is cleft into 5 subulate teeth at
the tip, pod with a rib on each side of the upper suture. Roxb. Sort. Bang. 31
J7.iw7.ii. 324; Wall. Cat. 5794: W. $ A. Prodr. 295. B. purpurea, Wall.
1
B. Candida, Ait. DC. Proa ?: loc. cit., non Roxb.
Cat. 5797, D.
;

North West

Provinces to Ceylon and Malacca.

Distrib.

China, Malay

isles.

An

with obscurely downy angular branches. Leaves slightly cordate,

3-6 in. long, 9-11-nervecl, the lobes acute or subobtuse, not reaching half
way down, at first finely pubescent beneath. Racemes axillary, short-peduncled, corymbose pedicels erecto -patent, ^- f in. long, with linear-subulate bracts and bracCalyx 1-1 \ in., narrowed into a long point, cleft at the tip. Petals oblong,
teoles.
whitish. Style \ in. Pod 4-5 in. long, |-| in. broad, firm, glabrous, 8-12-seeded stalk
erect shrub,

flexible,

in. long.

Cahjx with a
Sect. 2. Pileostigrna, Hochst.
Fertile stamens 10.
Pod narrow, indehiscent. Erect
short tube and spathaceous or 5-cleft limb.
shrubs, or climbers with smalf flowers and connate leaflets.

5. B. racemosa, Lam. Diet. i. 390 ; erect, leaves small deeply cleft 7-9W. 8?
nerved, flowers in lax simple racemes, calyx-limb entire, stigma sessile.
A. Prodr. 295 ; Hook. Lc. 1. 141 Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 82 Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
B. parviflora, Vahl; DC. Prodr. ii. 514; Roxb. Hort, Beng.
t. 182, non Vahl.
Wall. Cat. 5789. B. tinioriensis,.
31 Fl. Ind, ii. 323. B. spicata, Koenig
Decaisne in Nov. Ann. Mus. iii. 466.
Pileosti<rma racemosa, Benth. PI.
Jungh. 262.
;

-.

Punjab and Garwhal

Timor.

to

Ceylon and Pegu.

Distrib.

China,

Malay

isles,

Bauliinia.']

l.

A small crooked

leguminosjj.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

277

tree with drooping branches.

Leaves broader than long,
long, slightly cordate, clothed more or less densely beneath with grey pubescence. Bacemes short-peduncled, lax, terminal and leaf-opposed,
- ft. long, with densely grey-downy rachises pedicels ^-\ in., erecto-patent. Calyx-

rigidly coriaceous,

bushy

-2

in.

limb - in., not splitting up. Petals obin. long

tube turbinate, not more than
Pod ^-1 ft. by -1 in., not venulose, falcate,
lanceolate, yellow, as long as the limb.
Seeds 12-20.
firm, glabrous, turgid ; stalk above an inch long.
B. rttfescens, Lam. DC. Prodr. ii. 514, which is sometimes cultivated, differs
from this by its very small leaves, seldom over half an inch deep, short style, and
much smaller pod. It is a native of Tropical Africa.
;

6. B. malabarica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 321 ; erect, leaves
7-9-nerved slightly cordate deeply bifid, flowers in short mostly simple
corymbs, bracts minute, lower pedicels l-2 the calyx, calyx-limb 5-cleft, style
Wall. Cat. 5793 ; W. 8> A. Prodr. 294
Dak. $ Gibs. Bomb.
produced.
Fl. 82 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 92. B. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 5790 F8f G. Pileostigma
malabarica, Benth. PL JungJi. 261.
;

Western and Central Himalayas (ascending to 1000 ft. in Kumaon and 4000 feet
Behar) through India proper and to Bibma. Distrib. B. acida, Eeinw. {B. purpurea DC. of Malay isles and Timor scarcely more than a variety.)
An erect low bushy tree. Leaves broader than long, rigidly coriaceous, the same
shape as in the last, but longer, with two obtuse lobes reaching about a quarter down,

in

.glaucous, subglabrous or finely grey-downy beneath. Bacemes sessile, dense, axillary, as

broad as long ; pedicels ascending, very slender, i-1 in. long. Calyx clothed with

pale brown down

tube cylindrical, turbinate, $-$ in. ; limb \ in. Petals oblong;

Pod 1 ft. by f-1 in., nearly straight, firm, glabrous, rather
spathulate, little exserted.
turgid, reticulato-venulose, rostrate with the style, 20-30-seeded. ; stalk 1 in. long.
Var. reniformis, Eoyle MSS., sp. ; leaves as small as those of B. racemosa, densely
pubescent beneath. North-west provinces.

B. ung-uiculata,

Baker-, erect, leaves 7-nerved cordate deeply

simple corymbs, bracts large, pedicels 3-4 times the calyx,
calyx-limb 5-cleft, style produced.
7.

bifid, flowers in short

Siam, Sir B. Schomburgk.

Closely allied to the last. Leaves broader than long, rigidly subcoriaceous, 2-3 in.
Bacemes short-pelong, glabrous beneath, with two obtuse lobes reaching \-% down.
>duncled, as long as the leaves; bracts under in., oblanceolate, reflexed; pedicels
Calyx
thinly
in.
grey-downy
externally;
lower
l-2
blender,
tube cylindrical, turPetals % in., pilose, with a round limb equalling a disbinate, - in. ; limb |-^ in.
Ovary downy, with a distinct stalk and style. Pod unknown.
tinct claw.

B. Lawn, Benth. MSS.-, scandent, leaves deeply cordate shortly

15-1 7-nerved, racemes dense forming ample terminal panicles with reflexed branches, calyx-limb shortly 5-cleft, stigma sessile. ? B. foveolata, Dalz. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. 13, p. 188.
8.

bifid

Concan, Law.
Branchlets slender, terete, ecirrhose, thinly grey -downy. Leaves orbicular, rigidly
coriaceous, 4-9 in. long and broad, finely downy, the numerous ribs thick and much
raised on the under surface. Bacemes forming an ample deltoid panicle \ ft. long and
broad, with numerous deflexed densely pale-brown downy branches, the lower compound; bracts deltoid, minute; pedicels erecto-patent, very short. Calyx-tube -% in.,
narrow, turbinate; limb |-^ in., shortly 5-cleft. Petals twice the calyx. Stigma
large, peltate, in. broad.
Pod unknown. Agrees with the description of Dalzell's
plant except that it is not dioecious.

Calyx with, a long

Sect. 3. Xiysiphyllum, Benth. Fertile stamens 10.
tube and 5-cleft limb. Pod broad, indehiscent. Leaflets distinct.


278

l.

leguminos^.

(J.

G. Baker.)

...

[Bauhinia*

9. B. Blancoi, Baker ; ecirrhose, corymbs equalling the leaves, flowers

Phanera Blancoi, Benth. PI. Jungh. 264.
small, tube equalling the ovoid bud.

Siam, Sir R. SchomburgJc. Distrib. Philippines, Cuming, 1518.

shrub. Leaflets 1 in., rigidly subcoriaceous, obtuse, finely veined,
deeply rounded below the point of insertion. Flowers in dense axillary corymbs pedicels
in., erecto-patent. Calyx-tube cylindrical, J- in., finely velvety sepals lanceolate,
equalling the tube. Petals much exserted, oblong-spathulate, coarsely pubescent. Pod
distinctly stalked, glabrous, 5-6 in. by 1-1 J in., 8-10-seeded.

A glabrous erect

B. diphylla, Hamilt. in Symes It. Avens. t. 24 ; cirrhose, racemes

exceeding leaves, flowers large, tube much shorter than the lanceolate bud.
Wall. Cat. 5784. B. Buchanani, Besv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Hist. Par. ser. i. vol.
Phanera diphylla, Benth. PI. Jungh. 264.
ix. 430.
10.

much

Birma, Wallich, Maingay. Malacca, Griffith.

with circinate tendrils. Leaflets rigidly coriaceous, 2-3 in. long,
rounded at both ends. Flowers in lax axillary racemes, with rusty -downy branches p
sepals lanceolate,
pedicels ascending, 1^ in. CaZ^r-tube 1 in. long, narrow turbinate
coriaceous, 1-1 in.
Petals rather exserted, oblong, with a long claw. Pod f-1 ft. by
l-2 in., thin, glabrous, indehiscent, many-seeded down the centre stalk finally
l-2 in. long.

Concan, Stocks.

A glabrous twiner,

Phanera,

Fertile stamens usually 3, sometimes 4-5.

Sect. 4.
Lour.
Caly.v-tube mostly produced ; limb usually 5-cleft, sometimes spathaceous.
Erect or scandent ; flowers large or small.
*

Leaves narrowed gradually or suddenly to an entire point.

B. cornifolia, Baker ; leaf half as long again as broad gradually

pointed, calyx-tube 3-4 times as long as the limb, petals oblanceolate-oblongnot clawed.
11.

Penang,

Griffith.

Branches slender, glabrous, without tendrils, thinly rusty-downy. Leaves 2-3 in.
rigidly subcoriaceous, slightly cordate, 5-nerved, thinly brown-silky beneath petiole
Flowers in dense terminal corymbose racemes, 3 in. long and broad pedicels
1 in.
erecto-patent, lower above 1 in. long.
Calyx thinly rusty-downy externally tube
Cytindrical, in. long; bud ovoid, under in.
Petals more than twice the length
of the calyx-limb.
Ovary downy, with a short distinct style and stalk stigma large,
;

peltate.

12. B. Finlaysoniana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5801 ; leaf once and a half
to twice as long as broad gradually pointed, calyx-limb as long as the tube,
petals orbicular with a distinct claw.
Phanera Finlaysoniana, Benth. PL.
Jungh. 262.

Malay Peninsula,

Finlayson.
Branchlets slender, glabrescent, without tendrils. Leaves 3-4 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous, shortly cordate, 3-5-nerred, narrowed gradually from the middle
to a point petiole very short. Racemes terminal and axillary, close, 3-4 in. long,
the rachis thinly rusty-downy pedicels ^ in.
Calyx-tube % in., cylindrical. Bud\
ovoid. Petals *- in. long, glabrous.
Ovary rusty ; style" and stalk both very
;

short.

13. B. emarg-inata, Jack, in Mai. Misc. i. 75; Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 223;.
leaf rather longer than broad suddenly obtusely pointed, calyx-limb as longas the tube, petals orbicular with a distinct claw. B. lucida, Wall. Cat. 5779 A.
B. cordifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 332 ? Phanera lucida, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262.
,

Penang, Porter.

Distkib.

Sumatra.

A cirrhose twiner, with glabrescent

branches. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, glabrous^

Bauliinia.']

l.

leguminosje.

(J.

G. Baker.)

279

3-5 in. long, 5-7-nerved, distinctly cordate. Flowers in copious peduncled terminal
racemes 3-4 in. long pedicels erecto-patent, lower 1 in. or more long, like the calyx
densely brown-downy.
Calyx-tube between cylindrical and turbinate, - in. bud
obovoid. Petals twice the length of the calyx, densely silky on the outside.
Ovary
downy, with a short distinct style.
;

** Leaves round-cordate, cleft only at the very

tip.

14. B. retusa, Sam. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 322 ; erect,
ecirrhose, pubescence grey, calyx-tube turbinate very short.
B. emarginata,
Wall. Cat. 5792, non Jack. Phanera retusa, Benth. PL Jungh. 263.

"Western Himalayas ; Simla, GKtbwhal, Kumaon, ascending to 4000 ft.

Leaves rigidly coriaceous, rather broader than long, 4-6 in. long, 9-nerved, glabrous beneath, usually deeply cordate.
Flowers in ample terminal panicles, sometimes a foot long and broad, with corymbose branches clothed with fine grey silky
pubescence, the lower springing from the axils of reduced leaves
lower pedicels
ascending, -f in. long bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous. Calyx-tube scarcely
any; limb in. long, irregularly cleft; bud ovoid. Petals oblong, clawed, twice
the sepals, yellow. Style produced, stigma large. Pod hard, flat, 5-6 in. by l-l|-in.,
glabrous, late in dehiscing, short-stalked, 6-8-seeded.
;

15. B. integrifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 331

scandent, cirrhose, pubescence ferruginous, calyx-tube cylindrical not exceeding the limb, ovary densely
silky short-stalked.
Wall. Cat. 5780. Phanera integrifolia, Benth. PL Jungh.
263.
;

Penang and Malacca.

Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, 9-nerved, deeply cordate, 3-6 in. long, with
a deltoid apical sinus. Inflorescence as in the last, a long panicle with very dense
many-flowered ascending racemose branches, clothed like the calyx with bright rusty
bracts small, lanceolate, subpersistent pedicels ascending, lower
Petals obovate, clawed,
Calyx-tube ^ in. sepals deltoid ; bud globose.
Pod oblong, hard,
Style long stigma small.
twice the sepals, densely rusty-silky.
silky pubescence

| f

in.

flat,

short-stalked, 5-6 in.

by 2

in.,

late in dehiscing.

B. bidentata, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 76 ; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag^

scandent, cirrhose, pubescence ferruginous, calyx-tube cylindrical exceeding the limb, ovary usually subglabrous long-stalked. Wall. Cat. 5778. Phanera
bidentata, Benth. PL Jungh. 263.
16.

i.

223

Penang and Malacca.

Distrib.

Philippines.

Very near B. integrifolia, with which it agrees in leaf, vestiture and inflorescence.
Lower pedicels 1-2 in. long bracts caducous. Calyx-tube cylindrical, f-f in. Bud
;

Calyx-limb under | in., slit down to the base. Petals 2-3

broad-ovoid or subglobose.
times the length of the sepals, obovate, clawed, more or less silky. Style long stigma
;

large, peltate.

Pod unknown.

** Leaves deeply

cleft, persistently

pubescent beneath.

17. B. Vahlii, W. # A. Prodr. 297 ; cirrhose, pubescence dense grey or

ferruginous, leaf-lobes ^btuse, pedicels long, calyx-tube cylindrical, petals much
exserted densely pilose. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 83. B. racemosa, Vahl, Symb.
t. 62 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 515 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 325 ; Wall. Cat. 5775, non Lam.

Phanera Yahlii, Benth. PL Jungh. 263.

Foot of the Centbal and East Himalayas, ascending to 2500 feet in Kumaon.
Behab, Br. Hooker. Concan, Stocks. Cibcabs, Roxburgh.
An enormous climber, with densely pubescent branchlets and abundant circinate
tendrils.

Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, rather broader than long (1-1$

ft.),

deeply

;;

280

l.

leguminos-s.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

[Bauhinia.

\-\ down with an open sinus, persistently downy all over

Racemes long-peduncled, terminal, dense, sub corymbose lower pedicels 1-2
Calyx-tuho slender, - in. limb under ir.,,
in., with persistent linear bracteoles.
Ovary ferrusplitting into two lobes.
Petals 1 in. long, obovate, with a short claw.
gineo-tomentose, with a short stalk, long style and minute stigma. Pod sublignose,
cordate, ll-13-ner\re6\ slit

beneath.

rusty-downy, f-1

ft,

by 2

in.,

8-12-seeded, finally splitting open.

18. B. rosea, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 72 ; pubescence

fulvous, leaf-lobes obtuse, pedicels long, calyx-tube short, petals much exserted
slightly pilose.

Martaban, Brandts.
Leaves round-cordate, 3-5 in. each way,
climber, with pubescent branchlets.
chartaceous, slit ^down, glabrescent above, clothed with persistent fulvous pubescence
beneath. Racemes terminal, corymbose ; pedicels l|-2 in. bracts linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, ^ in.
Ca^r-teeth linear-lanceolate, ^ in., free and reflexed when mature.
Ovary fulvo-vilPetals in., with a long claw and linear-obovate undulated blade.
Pod unknown. Ex Kurz, loc. cit.
lose ; style thick, shorter than the ovary.

19. B. rufa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5798 ; cirrhose, pubescence thin dark
ferruginous, leaf-lobes acute, pedicels long, tube slender cylindrical, petals much
exserted densely silky. Phanera rufa, Benth. PI. Jungh. 263.

Silhet, Wallich.
Branches, petioles, leaf-ribs beneath, pedicels and calyx densely ferrugineo-tomentose.
Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, 4-6 in. long, deeply cordate, 11-13-nerved, with a
deltoid sinus reaching 5- down and deltoid lobes.
Corymb dense, terminal, subsessile
pedicels l-2 in., more slender than in B. Vaklii.
Calyx-tube - in. limb equalling the tube, membranous, irregularly slit.
Petals oblong-spathulate, twice the
length of the calyx-limb, densely silky on the back.
Ovary densely silky,' with a
short stalk and long style, stigma small. Pod unknown.
;

20. B. velutina, Wall. Cat. 5781 ; ecirrhose, pubescence thin grey puberulent, leaf-lobes obtuse, pedicels very short, tube cylindrical, petals little
exserted obovate with a very long pilose claw. Phanera velutina, Benth. PI.
Jungh. 262.

Tenasserim, Wallich, Griffith, Heifer.

Habit and inflorescence of B. purpurea and variegata. Leaves broader than long,
rigidly coriaceous, pale green, deeply cordate, 9-11 -nerved, with an open sinus reaching -^ down. Racemes few-flowered, short-ped uncled, axillary, corymbose pedicels
i-^ in. bracts deltoid, very minute.
Calyx thinly grey -pubescent tube f-1 in.
sepals distinct, lanceolate, as long as the tube.
Claw of the petals three times as
long as the limb.
Ovary grey-tomentose, narrowed gradually into a long stalk and
style, stigma small.
Pod unknown.
;

21. B. semibifida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31

Fl. Ind. ii. 330 ; ecirrhose,
pubescence thin dark ferruginous, leaf-lobes obtuse, pedicels elongated, calyxtube stout ampullseform, petals oblanceolate glabrous little exserted.
Wall. PI.
As. Par. t. 253 ; Cat. 5783 ; Wight. Ic. t. 263. Phanera semibifida, Benth. PI.
Jungh. 263.
;

Malacca,

Griffith.

Tenasserim, Heifer.

Branchlets, leaf-ribs beneath, pedicels and calyx clothed with bright ferruginous
silky pubescence.
Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, 2-3 in. long, deeply cordate, 11nerved. Racemes terminal, subsessile, 3-4 in. long; pedicels 1-1 in.
Calyx-tuhe
% in., narrowed from the base towards the neck sepals lanceolate, distinct, coriaceous, reflexed, as long as the tube.
Ovary densely silky, distinctly stalked, with a
short thick style and large peltate stigma.
Closely allied to B.ferruginea.
;

Bauhinia.']

leguminoSjE.

l.

Baker.)

(J. Gr.

281

22. B. elong ata, Korthals in Nat. Verh. Bot. 89. t. 24 ecirrhose, pubescence thin dark ferruginous, leaf-lobes obtuse, pedicels snort, calyx-tube cylindriB. mollissinia, Wall. Cat. 5782.
cal, petals oblanceolate glabrous little exserted.
Plianera elongata, Benth. PL Jungh. 262.
;

Birma, Maingay.

Penang, Wallich.

Distrib.

Malay

isles.

Branchlets, pedicels and calyx clothed persistently with fine ferruginous tomentum.
Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, deeply cordate, 11-13-nerved, 4-6 in. long, with an open
Corymbs sessile, few-flowered, axillary bracts small,
sinus reaching about \ down.
Calyx-tube slender,
pedicels erecto-patent, lower | in.
larceolate, subpersistent
f-1 in. ; sepals as long as the tube, distinct, lanceolate. Petals oblanceolate, clawed.
Ovary tomentose, narrowed into a very long stalk and style, stigma small.
;

**** Leaves deeply

beneath ivhen mature.

cleft,

with acute or subacute

lobes,

nearly or quite glabrous

23. B. ornata, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 72 ; ecirrhose,

leaves 9-11-nerved, pubescence ferruginous, pedicels long, flowers small, calyxtube short turbinate, sepals 5 rather exceeding the tube, petals slightly exserted.

Pegu, Kurz.
Branchlets clothed with deciduous bright ferruginous silky pubescence. Leaves
deeply cordate, firm, membranous, reaching nearly a foot long, the acute contiguous
lobes reaching half way down or more, the slender veins clothed at first with ferruginous hairs. Flowers in dense rounded peduncled simple terminal corymbs bracts
small, lanceolate, tomentose, persistent; pedicels slender, an inch long, clothed with
short spreading hairs lower deflexed. Calyx thinly silky tube in. limb reflexed,
membranous, irregularly cleft. Petals in., oblong, clawed, silky on the back.
style -| in., stigma small
Stamens 3. Ovary subsessile, densely rusty-silky
;

pilose.

24. B. khasiana, Baker, ecirrhose, leaves 9-11-nerved, pubescence

dense bright ferruginous, pedicels long, calyx-tube cylindrical-turbinate, limb
5-cleft as long as the tube, petals slightly exserted.

Khasia

hills, alt.

1-3000

ft.,

HooJc.fil.

Thomson.

climber, with branchlets clothed with bright rusty silky pubescence. Leaves
cordate, large, thin, glabrous, the divergent subacute lobes reaching about a third
down. Flowers in numerous contiguous short-peduncled corymbs, forming a broad
terminal corymbose panicle, the lower branches subtended by large leaves pedicels
ascending, 1-H in- lo Q g> liko the calyx densely clothed with very bright rusty silky
pubescence; bracts caducous. Calyx-tube \-^ in. bud subglobose; limb irregularly
cleft.
Petals obovate, clawed, densely silky on the back.
Stamens 3.
Ovary shortstalked, densely rusty-silky style short, stigma small.
;

25. B. g-labrifolia, Baker ; ecirrhose, leaves 9-nerved, pubescence thin

grey, pedicels long, flowers small, calyx-tube turbinate, limb rather exceeding
Phanera glabrifolia, Benth. PI. Jungh. 263.
tube, petals little exserted.

Tenasserim, Heifer, and sent from the Calcutta gardens as B. piperifolia.

Brafichlets slender, at first finely grey-silky. Leaves shallowly cordate, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, shining above, moderately large, the acute lobes reaching -

Flowers in dense many-flowered, short-peduncled corymbs, forming a broad

terminal corymbose panicle bracts minute, lanceolate pedicels slender, ascending
lower f-1 in., clothed like the calyx with adpressed grey silky pubescence. Calyxbud globose ; limb not usually fully 5-cleft. Petals obovate, clawed,
tube in.
densely silky on the back.
Ovary glabrous, short-stalked ; style produced, stigma

down.

small.

26. B. maci ostachya, Wall. Cat. 5774 cirrhose, leaves 9-nerved, pubescence thin grey, pedicels moderately long, calyx-tube turbinate very oblique,
;

;;

282

leguminos^.

L.

sepals deltoid, petals

Ind.

ii.

326

Wight

much
Ic.

t.

(J. G.

\Baulmua.

Baker.)

exserted.
B. scandens, Roxb. H&rt. Beng. 31 ; Fl.
264, non Linn. Phanera inacrostachva, Benth. PI.

Jungh. 262.
Silhet, Roxburgh, Wallich. Assam, Hamilton.
Branches glabrous, with copious stalked geminate tendrils. Leaves round-cordate,
rigidly subcoriaceous, subglabrous, 3-4 in. long, with an open deltoid sinus reaching
- \ down and deltoid subacute lobes. Flowers in forked or simple peduncled narrow
sublax racemes \-^ ft. long bracts minute, deltoid pedicels \-% in., clothed like
Calyx-tnhe \ in. limb campanulate, in.,
the calyx with fine grey silky pubescence.
Petals in., obovate, clawed, densely silky.
Ovary
regularly 5-cleft half-way down.
densely ferrugineo-tomentose stalk and style short. Rod ligulate, 4-6 in. by 2 in.,
;

flat,

indehiscent, persistently tomentose, 2-4-seeded.

27. B. diverg-ens, Bake?", cirrhose, leaves 7-nerved, pubescence thin

grey, pedicels very short, calyx-tube cylindrical, limb spathaceous entire as longas the tube, petals much exserted.

Bibma, Griffith.
Stems slender, scandent, glabrescent. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, slightly cordate, glabrous, broader than long, 3-4 in. long, with a broadly rounded sinus reaching
half way down and divergent deltoid acuminate lobes. Racemes copious, few-flowered,
congested, sessile, axillary pedicels scarcely any bracts minute, deltoid.. Calyx-tuhe
- in. long; limb tough, entire, in. broad. Stamens 5. Petals oblanceolate, three
;

times as long as the limb, glabrous, not clawed.

glabrous, with >a long stalk.

Immature fod narrow,

ft.

long,

28. B. bracteata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5802

cirrhose, leaves 9-11nerved, pubescence grey, pedicels very long, bracteoles linear, calyx-tube short
turbinate, limb exceeding the tube, petals much exserted.
Phanera bracteata,
Benth. PL Jungh. 264.
;

Tenasserim,

Siamese gulf, Finlayson.

Griffith, Heifer.
Branchlets finely grey-downy, with copious stout circinate tendrils. Leaves rigidly
coriaceous, slightly cordate, rather longer than broad, 4-6 in. long, glabrous, with a
sinus reaching half way down, so narrow that the dimidiate deltoid subacute lobes
touch each other. Corymbs many-flowered, short-peduncled, axillary, \-^ ft long
bracts large, lanceolate, persistent ; pedicels ascending, slender, clothed like the calyx
with fine grey pubescence, furnished with a pair of opposite linear bracteoles above
the middle, the lower ones 2-3 in. long.
Catyx-tv.be -$ in. ; sepals -| in., lanceolate, subconnate.
Petals above 1 in. long, with a tomentose claw, exceeding the cordate crisped limb.
Ovary grey-downy, with a long style and stalk, stigma small.
29. B. involucellata, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 72 j
leaves 9-11-nerved, pubescence thin, pedicels very long, bracteoles large oblong,
flowers large, calyx-limb as long as the tube, petals much exserted.

Mabtaban, Dr. Brandis.

A climbing shrub, with thinly puberulous young branches. Leaves thinly chartaceous, cordate-ovate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous, with a sinus reaching half-way down or
more, the lobes narrowed to a subobtuse point. Racemes lax, terminal, glabrescent
bracteoles oblong, subobtuse, in. long, velvety within.
Calyx
pedicels 2-2^ in.
velvety tube \ in. or more long teeth lanceolate acuminate, finally free andreflexed.
Petals pale rose, 1^ in. long, with an ovate-oblong obtuse blade as long as the claw.
Ovary glabrous style thick, moderately long. Pod unknown. Ex Kurz loc. cit.
;

***** Leaves deeply cleft, with obtuse or rarely subacute

glabrous beneath when mature.

lobes,

nearly or quite

30. B. glauca, Wall. Cat. 5785 ; cirrhose, pubescence thin ferruginous,

leaves 7-9-nerved cleft below the middle, pedicels moderately long, calyx-limb


Bauliinia.]
2-valved

l.

much

(J. G.

leguminos^:.

Baker.)

283

shorter than the cylindrical tube, petals glabrous exserted.

PI. Jungh. 265 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 68, t. 2, A.

Phanera glauca, Benth.

Distbib. Malay isles, China.

Branchlets slender, soon glabrescent, with copious tendrils. Leaves the smallest
and deepest cleft of the section, cordate, firm, 1-3 in. long, the ribs at first pilose, the
apical lobes always obtuse.
Flowers in copious dense short-peduncled or sessile terminal corymbs pedicels slender, erecto-patent, -1 in., with several setaceous persislimb | in., reflexed, thinly silky. Fertile
tent bracteoles.
Calyx-tube ^-f in.
stamens 3.
Ovary glabrous, with a short stalk, moderately long style and small
stigma. Pod thin, firm, indehiscent, glossy, 6-8 in. by If -2 in., with 10-12 small
Only distinguishable from the Chinese B.
seeds down the middle, like B. diphylla.
plant gathered
corymbosa, Koxh. ; "Wall. Cat. 5388, by its broad indehiscent pod.
by Hooker and Thomson in Khasia, without flower, has a pod like B. glauca, but the
leaves are larger, thinner, and much less deeply cleft.
Binend. sp. leaves very small \-\ in. long cleft nearly
Vab. parvifolia, Teysm.
to base clothed beneath with fine ferruginous silky pubescence, corymbs few-flowered.
Sincapobe, Br. Vxley.

Tenassebim, Mabtaban, Penang.

&

31. B. ferrug"inea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 331 ; cirrhose, pubescence bright
ferruginous, leaves 9-11-nerved not cleft down to the middle, pedicels long, calyxlimb 5-cleft rather exceeding the ampullseform tube, petals exserted densely
silky.
Wall. Cat. 5776 ; Korth. in Nat. Verh. Bat. t. 23. B. Pottsii, G. Don
Gen. Syst. ii. 462. Phanera ferruginea, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262.

Distbib. Malay isles.

Branchlets soon glabrescent, with a few stout woody tendrils. Leaves rigidly sub2-4 in. long, with the ribs at first rustyboth
ends,
coriaceous, deeply cordate at
pubescent. Flowers in ample terminal racemes, ~| ft. long pedicels erecto-patent,
clothed like the calyx with bright rusty silky pubescence, lj-2 in. long bracts miCalyx-tube ^ in. long sepals lanceolate,' coriaceous,
nute, lanceolate, caducous.
Stanie'ns 3.
Petals oblanceolate, clawed.
Ovary densely rusty-silky, with
distinct.
a long stalk and style and very large oblique stigma. Pod smooth, thin, ft. long,
1 in. broad.
Vab. 1. Griffithiana, (Phanera Griffithiana, Benth. PI. Jungh. 263), a form with
large round persistent stipules. Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
Vab. 2. excelsa, (Phanera excelsa, Blume Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 62) calyx-tube oblong ^| in. long much stouter than in the type (^-f in.), sepals above an inch long.
Malacca, Griffith. Distrib. Malay isles.

Penakg, Malacca, Sincapobe.

32. B. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 5777 ; cirrhose, pubescence thin ferruginous,

leaves 11-15-nerved not lobed half-way down, pedicels long, calyx-limb 5-cleft.
as long as the cylindrical tube, petals silky exserted.
Phanera nervosa, Benth*
PI. Jungh. 262.

Silhet, Wallich. Assam, Griffith. Khasia Mts., 1-3000 ft., HooJc. fit. 4" Thomson.
robust climber, with thinly silky branchlets. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, deeply
cordate, middle-sized, rather longer than broad, at first thinly silky on the ribs, the
contiguous lobes sometimes subacute. Flowers in copious elongated terminal racemes,
with branches clothed with bright rusty-silky pubescence ; bracts lanceolate, silky,
caducous ; pedicels erecto-patent, lower -2 in. long. Calyx-tube ^-f in., not narrowed
upwards ; sepals coriaceous, finally distinct. Petals, stamens and ovary as in the last.
Pod ft. long, 2 in. broad, thin, firm, strongly veined.

33. B. phoenicea, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5800 ; ecirrhose, leaves 9-nerved,

pubescence thin dark ferruginous, pedicels short, sepals not fully distinct as longas the cylindrical tube, petals glabrous little exserted.
W. fy A. Prodr. 296.
B. Benthami, Bedel. Ic. t. 107. B. ruficarpa, Dew. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 430 ?
Phanera phoenicea, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262.

284

L.

leguminos^:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Bauhinia.

Ghauts of Travancore and Canara.

An extensive climber, with slender branches, clothed at first with fine ferruginous
pubescence. Leaves rigidly subcoriaceous, slightly cordate, thinly silky on the ribs
when young, the obtuse lobes reaching - down. Eacemes few-flowered, short-peduncled, axillary and terminal.
Calyx-tube -f in. Fertile stamens 5. Petals
Ovary densely rusty-downy,
oblanceolate, with a distinct claw as long as the limb.
with a long style and stalk and small stigma. Pod flat, finely rusty-downy, | ft. long,
an inch broad, with a raised rib on either side of the upper suture.
34. S. purpurea, Linn. ; Roxb. Hart. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 320
ecirrhose, leaves 9-11-nerved, pubescence grey, pedicels short, sepals not fully
distinct exceeding the turbinate tube, petals oblanceolate glabrous exserted.

Ham. in
W. A.

Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 497; Wall. Cat. 5797, excl. A, E, L, ex parte ;
Prodr. 296 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 92, nan DC. B. triandra, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 31 Fl. Ind. ii. 320 ; Wall. Cat. 5799. B. coroniandeliana, DC. Prodr.
ii. 515.
Phanera purpurea, Benth. PL Jungh. 262.
;

8>

the foot of the West Himalayas and Khasia Mts. (alt. 4000 ft.), to Ceylon
Distrib. China.
middle-sized erect tree, with moderately stout glabrescent branchlets. Leaves
rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, shallowly cordate, the lobes obtuse or subacute, reaching - way down. Flowers in terminal and axillary short-peduncled few-flowered
corymbs bracts minute, deltoid lower pedicels \-^ in. Calyx-tube -4 in. limb
f 1 in., coriaceous, slit into two valves, which show a division into 5 teeth. Petals
oblanceolate, with a long claw, reddish, twice the calyx.
Fertile stamens 3-4. Ovary
grey downy, with a long stalk and style and moderately large oblique stigma. Pod
4-1 ft, by f-1 in., firm, flat, glabrous, late in dehiscing, rather decurved, 12-15seeded.

From

and Penang.

35. E. varieg-ata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 514 ; ecirrhose, leaves 9-11nerved, pubescence grey, pedicels short, calyx-limb entire spathaceous equalling the cylindrical tube, petals glabrous obovate clawed much exserted. Ham.
in Tram. Linn. Soc. xiii. 496; Roxb. Hort. Benq. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 319; Wall.
Cat. 5795 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 92.
B. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 5797, ex parte. B.
Candida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 318 ; Wall. Cat. 5796, non Ait.
Phanera variegata, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262.

From the foot of the "Western Himalayas, and Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., and through
India proper, to Birma. Distrib. China.
General habit of the last, to which it is closely allied. Leaves rather broader than
deep, middle-sized, rigidly subcoriaceous, deeply cordate, the obtuse lobes reaching
%^ down. Corymbs few-flowered, lateral, sessile or short-peduncled; bracts minute,
deltoid ; pedicels erecto-patent, \-% in.
Ca/y.r-tube f-1 in. ; limb cordate-ovate,
remaining to the end spathaceous and entire. Petals 1^-2 in. long, an inch or more broad,
white, beautifully variegated with red and yellow, sometimes pure white (B. Candida,
Eoxb.) Stamens 3-5. Ovary with a long stalk and style and a minute stigma. Pod
^-1 ft. long, f-1 in. broad, hard, flat, glabrous, rather decurved, dehiscent, 10-15-

seeded.

Sect. 5.
scarcely any.

Lasiobema,

Korthals, gen.
Fertile stamens 3.
Floicers minute, in copiously panicled racemes.

Calyx-tube

B. anguiua,

Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 285 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 328 ; DC. Prodr.
Wall. Cat. 5773 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 298. B. scandens, Linn. Sp. Plant,
edit. i. 374, ex parte (Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 30-51).
Lasiobema anguina and
Horsfieldii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 71.
36.

ii.

516

From Eastern Bengal and Sikkim

Peninsula.

Distrib.

Malay

isles.

to

Birma and Eastern and Western


JBauMnia.]

l.

leguminos^:.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

285

climbing glabrous shrub, with copious circinate tendrils. Leaves thin, deeply
cordate, 5-7-nerved, the cleft very variable, sometimes scarcely perceptible, sometimes a deep deltoid sinus and the points acuminate. Bacemes cylindrical, 2-6 in.
long, arranged in ample axillary and terminal panicles; bracts minute, linear;
Calyx z in. long, broadly campanulate,
pedicels in., erecto-patent, finely downy.
with 5 deltoid, teeth. Petals white, oblanceolate, twice the length of the calyx. Pod
thin, flat, oblong, glabrous, indehi scent, stalked, 1|~2 in. long, 1-2-seeded.

Sect.

6.

Casparea, DO.

Calyx-txihe

fusiform;

limb

spathaceous.

Fertile stamen one.

37.

B. monandra, Kurz

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng.

xlii. 2,

73.

Birma, Dr. Brandts.

Young branches puberulous, Leaves round-ovate, truncate at the base, palmately

11-nerved, chartaceous, l-l in. long, glabrous above, downy on the ribs below, cut
one-third down into two rounded lobes. Bacemes short, terminal, pubescent pedicels
Calyx downy externally.
bracts minute, subulate.
11| in., densely puberulous
Petals l in., obovate-cuneate, glabrous, undulated, probably whitish. Ovary stalked,
Pod unknown. Ex Kurz
style slender, twice as long as the ovary.
fulvo-villose
;

loc. cit.

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

E. ltjcida, Wall. Cat. 5779 B (totally different from 5779 A), grown in the Calcutta garden from Penang, has the fully divided leaves of section Lysiphyllum, but
the flower is unknown. The half-leaves are dimidiate cordate-ovate, twice -as long as
broad, narrowed gradually to a point, rigidly subcoriaceous, 3-4-nerved, with the ribs
beneath clothed with adpressed ferruginous tomentum. It may be the Malayan
Phanera diptera, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 70.
B. piperifolia, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 327 (Phanera, Benth. PI. Jungh. 262), from the
mountain forests of Silhet, is said to be a climber with entire cordate 5-7-nerved
smooth lucid leaves, terminal panicles and 1-2-seeded round-oval pods.

115.

NEPTUNIA,

Lour.

Leaves bipinnate, with persistent stipules and

Herbs without
numerous small strap-shaped sensitive membranous leaflets. Floivers minute,
dimorphous, in dense heads on axillary peduncles, polygamous, those of the
lower part of the head bearing only protruded flattened staminodia. Calyx
minute, campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, strap-shaped, connate near the base.
/Stamens of the perfect flowers exserted ; anthers gland-crested.
Ovary stalked,
many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma club-shaped. Pod coriaceous, flattened,
Distrib. Species 8 cosmopolitan in the tropics.
ligulate or oblong, 2-valved.
prickles.

1. N= oleracea, Low. ; Benth. in Hook. Journ. iv. 354 ; stems almost

entirely prostrate, leaflets 16-30, sterile flowers numerous, pod oblique oblong
G-10-seeded. Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 84. Mimosa natang, Boxb. Cor. PL
t. 119; Hort. Beng. 40; Fl. Ind. ii. 553.
Desmanthus natans, Willd.; DC.
Prodr. ii. 444 ; Wall. Cat. 5295 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 270. D. lacustris and

stolonifer,

DC.

Prodr.

North West

loc. cit.

provinces,

to

Ceylon and Malacca.Distrib. Cosmopolitan

in

"tropics.
l

Stems stout, annual, wide-creeping, rarely throwing out suberect branches, producing copious. fibroffS rootlets from the same nodes that bear the leaves and
peduncles. Pinna 4-6, 2-3 in. long rad)is_^apdless. leaflets glabrous, obtuse, -^-^
in. long.
Staminodes
Peduncles ascending, -1 ft. bracts small, ovate, subobtuse.
|r| in., strap-shaped, yellow. Corolla z in. Pod \-\ in. long, rostrate, dry, soon
dehiscing by the upper suture.
;

286

L.

(J. Gr. Baker.)

LEGUMIN0S2E.

[Nepiunia.

steins slender
2. N. triquetra, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 355
ascending, leaflets 28-30 small, sterile flowers few, pod oblong not oblique
48-seeded. Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 84. Mimosa triquetra, Vahl Roxb. Ilort.
Beng.4Q; Fl. Ind. ii. 552. Desmanthus triquetrus, Willd.\ DC. Prodr. ii.
444 Wall. Cat. 5296 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. 270 Wight Ic. t. 756.
;

Western Peninsula and Bundelkund.

Distrib.

Brazil ?

with slender stems, angular upwards. Stipules small,

acute; pinnae 2-6, an inch or less long, with a gland on the rachis between the
Heads small, globose, long or short-peduncled.
lowest pair; leaflets fc-\ in.
Sterile flowers sometimes quite absent from the heads.
Corolla yellow, j$ in. long.
p d 4_i in. long, with more membranous valves than in the two others, and a very
minute beak.

low

diffuse perennial,

N. plena, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 355 stems stout ascending,
40-60, sterile flowers numerous, pod oblong-ligulate 15-20-seeded.
Mimosa Adenanthera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 554. Desmanthus Adenanthera, Wall.
D. plenus, punctatus and polyphyllus, DC. Prodr. ii. 444-5.
Cat. 5298.
;

leaflets

provinces and Ceylon, introduced. A native of Tropical America.

Glabrous throughout. Steins comparatively stout, suffruticose, several feet high.
Pinna 6-10, with a gland_fr etween the lowest pair; leaflets like those of the last.
Heads copious, oblong.
Stipules and bracts copious, cordate-ovate, acuminate.
Flowers and heads just like those of N. oleracea, but the pod twice as long.

North "West

116.

XYLZA,

Benth.

unarmed

Leaves bipinnate. Flowers in round heads, mostly

tree.
Calyx tubular, 5-toothed at the tip. Petals 5, valvate, slightly united
at the base, little longer than the calyx. Stamens 10, free, exserted ; anthers
Ovary sessile, many-ovuled style filiform,
gland-crested in an early stage.
stigma minute terminal. Pod large, woody, oblong-falcate, finally dehiscing,
single species.
flat, septate between the oblong compressed seeds.
Tall

perfect.

X. dolabriformis,

Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 417. Dalz. fy Gibs.

Bomb. Fl. 85 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 186 ; Brand. For. Fl. 171. Mimosa xylocarpa,
Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 100; Hort. Beng. 40; Fl. ind. ii. 543. Inga xylocarpa, DC.
Wall. Cat. 5277 ; W. 8; A. Prodr. 269. I. lignosa, Grah. in
Prodr. ii. 439
Wall. Cat. 5278. I. dolabriformis, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5279.
1.

Western Peninsula, Birma, Sincapore.

Distrib.

Philippines.

without prickles. Pinnce 2; leaflets 4-10, opposite, with an odd

one on the outside and with a gland on the rachis between each, oblong, acute,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, 3-6 in. long, the lowest much shorter.
Flowers sessile, in
dense globose peduncled heads, crowded on short branchlets developed with the
young leaves. Corolla \ in. Pod 4-6 in. by l-2 in., 6-10-seeded.
tall tree,

117.

ENTADA, Adans.

Woody unarmed

climbers with tendrils. Leaves bipinnate. Floivers in

long narrow spikes, minute, yellowish, polygamous.
Calyx minute, campanuCorolla oblong in bud, the 5 long equal narrow lobes
late, equally 5-toothed.
Stamens 10, free, shortly exserted, filaments filiform
falcate in expansion.
Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled style filiform,
anthers crowned with a gland.
stigma concave terminal. Pod flat, woody, very large, composed of many discoid
one-seeded joints, the endocarp persisting round the large compressed orbicular
seeds.
Distrib. Species 10, the others Trop. African and American.
;

JEntada.~\

leguminos^;.

l.

;;;

(J.G.Baker.)

287

Brand. For. Fl.

1. ZS. scandens, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 332.
167. E. Purssetha, DC. Prodr. ii. 425 ; Wall. Cat. 5293 W. $ A. Prodr. 267
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 83. E. monostachya, DC. Prodr. loc. cit.; Wall. Cat.
5293. E. Kheedei and Parrana, Spreng. Syst. ii. 325. E. Purssetha and E.
Rumphii, Scheff. in Natuur. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxxii. 99, t. 16-18. Mimosa
scandens, Linn. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 554. Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 32-34 ; ix.
;

t.

77.

Central and Eastern Himalayas, Nipal, ascending to 4000 ft. in Sikkim, Western
Peninsula, Ceylon, Malacca. Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
An immense climber, with slender terete woody branches. Leaves long-petioled,
the rachis usually ending in a tendril; pinnae stalked, mostly 4 leaflets oblong or
Spikes peduncled, \ ft.
obovate, obtuse or acute, 1-2 in. long, rigidly coriaceous.
long or more, usually panicled from the nodes of old leafless branches, sometimes
simple from the axils of the leaves (E. monostachya, DC). Flowers ^- in. long,
Pod 1-2 ft. or more by 3-4 in., curved, constricted
sessile or on short pedicels.

Seeds 2 in. broad.

"between the seeds.

118.

ADENANTHERA, Linn.

Erect trees without spines or tendrils. Leaves ample, bipinnate. Flowers

minute, in narrow spike-like racemes, hermaphrodite, usually pentamerous.
Calyx campanulate, equally toothed. Petals valvate, equal, lanceolate, cohering
Stamens 10, free, equalling the corolla anthers tipped
only at the very base.
Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute
with a gland.
capitate.
Pod strap- shaped, Jorulose, falcate, the coriaceous valves much
twisted after they separate. Seeds small, bright-coloured. Distrib. Species 4,
spread through tropics of Old World.
;

pavonina, Linn. DC. Prodr. ii. 446 pinnae 8-12, leaflets

1. A.
12-18 obtuse, seeds concolorous usually bright scarlet. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 370
Wall. Cat. 5300
W. & A. Prodr. 271 ; Wight III. t. 84 (80) Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 46; Brand. For. Fl. 168.
;

East Himalayas (ascending

to 4000 ft. in Sikkim), Westebn Peninsula and

Distrib. Malay isles, Timor, China, Philippines.
Pinnce short-stalked, 4-8 iD. long; leaflets oblong, alternate, short-stalked, not
Racemes short-peduncled, 2-6 in. long, \ in. broad,
coriaceous, f-1^ in. long.
simple from the axils of the leaves and panicled at the end of the branches
pedicels as long as the flower, ^- in.
Pod 6-9 in. by in., falcate, 10-12-seeded.
Seeds rarely yellow-brown.

Ceylon, shore of Malay

2.

A.

tricolor,

gulf.

Moon)

Thwaites

Fnum. 98;

latter acute, seeds half black half bright red.

Ceylon, Walker, &c.

Malacca,

Griffith,

pinnae and leaflets 6-8, the

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 94.

Maingay.

Pinna

short-stalked, 2-3 in. long.

Leaflets ovate, rigidly sub coriaceous, f-l
in. long.
Raceme and pod just like those of A. pavonina, the flower perhaps
rather smaller.

119.

FROSOFIS, Linn.

Erect trees or shrubs with scattered prickles. Leaves bipinnate, with small
narrow leaflets. Flowers minute, in narrow spikes or subspicate racemes, polygamous. Calyx minute, campanulate, subentire or faintly 5-toothed. Petals 5,
ligulate, subcoherent at the base.
Stamens 10, free, slightly exserted, filaments
filiform
anthers crowned with a gland.
Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style
;


288

L.

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Prosopis.

filiform, stigma minute terminal. Pod turgid, cylindrical or oblong, with a thick
spongy mesocarp, septate between the seeds. Distrib. Species 18, cosmopolitan

in the tropics.
1. P. spicig-era, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 446 ; pinnae mostly 4, rachis
glabrous, flowers sessile, calyx truncate not ciliated, pod slender cylindrical
torulose.
Roxb. Cor. PI. i. t. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 5299 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 271
Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 84 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 56 ; Brand. For. Flor. 169,
P. spicata, Burm. Ind. 102, t. 25, fig. 3.
t. 25 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 634.
Adenanthera aculeata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 371.
;

Punjab, Scinde, Western Peninsula. Distrib. Affghanistan, Persia.

A low tree, with slender grey branches. Prickles copious few or none, |\ in.,
nearly straight, at first straw-coloured. Pinna 1-2 in. long; leaflets 16-24, sessile,
i-Jf in., ligulate, with an ascending cusp, grey, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous, caducous.
Flowers in short-peduncled axillary spikes, 2-3 in. long, and terminal panicles.
Corolla
in. long.
Pod straight, edible, glabrous, 4-6 in. long, | in. thick, narrowed gradually into a short stalk, the mesocarp farinaceous. Seeds 10-15, dull
brown, oblong.

2. P. Stephaniana, Kunth ; Benth. in Hook. Journ. iv. 347

pinnae
6-10, rachis downy, flowers short-pedicelled, pod thick oblong. Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 633 ; Brand. For. Fl. 170.
Lagonychium Stephanianum, M. Bieb. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 448. Mimosa agrestis, Sieb. ; Spr. Syst. ii. 206.
;

Punjab, near Peshawur, &c, Falconer, Stewart.

Distrib.

Caucasus,

Orient,

Afghanistan.

low bushy tree, with downy slender whitish branchlets, armed with copious
slender stramineous prickles. Leaflets like those of P. spicigera, but smaller and
downy. Flowers rather larger. Pod oblique oblong, ^1 in. long, ^ in. thick, black,
rugose, obtuse, contracted abruptly into the stalk
mesocarp pulpy. Seeds sub.

biseriate.

120.

DICHROSTACHYS, DC.

Shrubs.
Flowers
Leaves bipinnate, with minute coriaceous leaflets.
minute, spicate, dimorphous, polygamous, only perfect in the upper half of the
Calyx minute,
spike, those of the lower half bearing long filiform staminodia.
campanulate, 5-toothed.
Corolla oblong, the 5 strap-shaped petals subconnate
towards the base. Stamens of the perfect flowers slightly exserted, filaments
Ovary sessile, many-ovuled style filiform,
filiform free anthers gland-crested.
stigma capitate. Pod small, strap-shaped, coriaceous, indehiscent, subarticuDistrib. Species 4-5,
lated, continuous within, twisted up when mature.
confined to the tropics of the Old World.
;

X>. cinerea, W. # A. Prodr. 271 ; Wight Ic. t. 357 Dalz.

f Gibs. Bomb.
84 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 185 Brand. For. Fl. 171. Mimosa cinerea, Linn. ;
Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 174 Fl. Ind. ii. 561. Desmanthus cinereus, Willd. DC.
Prodr. ii. 445. Acacia cinerea, Spreng.
Wall. Cat. 5231. A. Dalea, Desv.
1.

Fl.

DC.

Pi-odr.

ii.

459.

North "West Provinces, Western Peninsula, Ceylon. Distrib. Malay isles,

N. Australia, and doubtfully distinct from D. nutans, of Tropical Africa.
A much-branched shrub, with copious spreading branchlets, ending in spines.
Leaves 1-1^ in. long and broad rachises often downy pinnse 16-20 leaflets 24-40,
strap-shaped, sessile, rigidly coriaceous, i-|- in. long.
Spikes axillary, shortpeduncled, 1-2 in. long.
Corolla
in.
Staminodes red-purple, h in. long. Pod
2-3 in. by -f in., 6-10 -seeded, dry, glabrous.
;


Piptadenia.']

l.

leguminosje.

121.

(J.

G. Baker.)

289

PIPTADENIA, Benth.

Erect trees, unarmed or prickly. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers small, in

Calyx campanulate, shortly 5dense spikes, hermaphrodite, pentamerons.
toothed. Petals 5, valvate, equal, lanceolate, cohering at the base.
Stamens
Ovary
10, free, as long as the corolla ; anthers tipped with a deciduous gland.
Pod long, thin, strapstalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma terminal.
Seeds brown, compressed.-Distrib. Species 30, all the rest but
shaped, flat.
two from Africa Tropical American.

P. oudhensis, Brand.

1.

For. Flor. 168

Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

xxx. 366.
Otjdh, in forests under the base of the hills in G-onda, Bichd. Thompson.
armed with large conical prickles, glabrous except the infloPinncs 4, long-stalked, each of a single pair of nearly sessile obtuse
rescence.
obovate coriaceous leaflets 2 in. long. Panicles axillary, much shorter than the
Calyx minute teeth obscure. Petals A in.,
leaves spikes dense, 1-1 5 in. by in.
Stamens just exserted. Pod 9-12 in. by f in., with a
lanceolate, greenish-yellow.
long stalk, nearly straight. Seeds 15-20.

A middle-sized tree,
;

122.

PARKIA, R. Br.

Tall, unarmed trees. Leaves bipinnate with very numerous leaflets. Flowers
in dense long-peduncled heads, each subtended by a coriaceous persistent liguCalyx tubular, shortly 5-cleft.
late bract with a spoon-shaped tip.
Corolla
Stamens 10, exserted,
tubular, cleft half-way down, the segments subvalvate.
the filiform filaments united in the lower part with each other and the corollatube ; anthers narrow, glandless, the pollen cohering in irregular masses.
Ovary
Pod large, flat,
stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate.
Distrib. Species 8, cosmopolitan
strap-shaped, coriaceous, finally dehiscing.
in the tropics, mostly American.
1.

P. biglandulosa, W.

linear-ligulate

Sf A. Prodr. 279 ; glands of petiole 2, leaflets

150-200 to a pinna. Mimosa pedunculata, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii.

551.

Malay

peninsula, Boxburgh. Elsewhere cultivated.

Kachis of leaf downy, 1 ft. or more long pinnae 40-60, 3-4 in. long leaflets
1 -nerved, rigid, \ in. by
in.
Peduncle under a foot long in the specimens seen.
Calyx g- in. tube glabrous teeth pilose. Immature pod downy, narrowed gradually
into a long stalk.
;

G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 397 gland of petiole solitary,

100 or more to a pinna. P. Brunonis, Grah. in Wall.
P. biglobosa, Benth. in Hook. Journ. iv. 328. Mimosa biglobosa,
Cat. 5288.
Boxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 551, non Jacq.
2.

P. Rozburg'hii,

leaflets linear-ligulate

Assam, Silhet, Birma, Malay Peninsula. Distrib. Malay isles.

erect tree, 40-60 feet high.
Leaf-va,ch\s a foot or more long, glabrous or
pubescent; pinnse 20 or more, 3-4 in. long; leaflets 100-120, -^ in. by
in., with
rarely any other veins than the costa perceptible.
Peduncle l-l ft. flowers in turbinate heads 2-3 in. long.
Calyx \ in.
tube cylindrical, glabrous lobes pilose.
Pod 1 ft. by 1-1^ in., narrowed into a 3-4 in. stalk.

An

3. P. leiophylla, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng.

broad-ligulate 50-60 to a pinna, pinnee 20 or more.
vol. 11.

xlii. 2,

73

leaflets


290

l.

LEGUMINOS.E.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Parhia.

Pegu, Kurz.
erect tree 80-120 f8el high.
Leaf- 1-2 'feet long; rachis fulvo-pubescent,
pinnae 4 in. long leaflets rigidly coriaceous, shining, glabrous, in. by in., with a
Peduncle 1-li ft.
distinct fork from the base of the costa and penninerved veinlets.
Calyx ^ in. tube glabrous lobes round, densely fulvo-tomentose. Pod l-l ft. by
6-9
into
in.
stalk.
l in., glabrous, slightly torulose, narrowed
a

An

4.

P. insignia, Kurz

in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng.

oblong 40-50 to a pinna, pinnae about

xlii.

2,

74

leaflets

8.

Mabtaban, Kurz.

An

80-100 ft. high. Leaf 1-2 ft. long; rachis fulvo- or ferrugineoby in., coriaceous, penninerred, glabrous above except on
the ribs, pubescent beneath. Peduncles a foot long, many arising from the apex of
tube glabrous lobes obovate-cuneate, with adpressed
Calyx in.
the branches.
erect tree,

tomentose

leaflets 1 in.

fulvous pubescence.

Pod unknown. Ex Kurz

123.

loc. cit.

DESMANTHUS,

Willd.

with the habit and leaves of Neptunia. Flowers

Calyx minute, campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate, finally
nearly free. Stamens 10 ; filaments free, filiform anthers not gland-crested.
Ovary sessile, linear, many-oviiled style filiform, stigma clavate. Pod linear,
Distrib. Species 8, indigenous in America
straight, coriaceous, dehiscent.
Suffruticose perennials

polygamous.

only.

D. vtrgattjs, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 445; Wall. Cat. 5297; W. $ A.

Prodr. 270. D. strictus and leptophyllus, DC. loc. cit. Mimosa virgata, Linn.
JSp. 1502.
Scattered through India proper and Ceylon, but only introduced.
Distbib. Wild
through Trop. America and introduced in Africa.
A glabrous shrubby perennial, 3-4 ft. high, with virgate branches stipules
Flowers in solitary globose peduncled axillary heads. Leaves with 6-8
subulate.
pinnae, with a gland on the rachis between the lowest
leaflets 30-40.
Pod 2-3 in.
;

long, 20-30-seeded.

124.

LEUC2ENA,

Benth.

Unarmed erect trees. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers sessile, in dense globose

Calyx cylindrical-campanulate, shortlybeads, 5-merous, usually perfect.
Stamens 10, free, much exserted anthers not
Petals valvate, free.
toothed.
;

Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute

gland-crested.
Pod flat, coriaceous, strap-shaped, dehiscent. Distrib. Species 8,
terminal.
mostly American.

g-lauca, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 416. Acacia frondosa,

Prodr. ii. 468
W. 8> A. Prodr. 276. A. Caringa, Ham. in Wall.
5239. A. glauca, biceps and leucocephala, DC. Prodr. ii. 467-8.

1.

Willd.
Cat.

Zj.
;

DC.

Spread throughout India, as it is through Trop. Asia and Africa, but probably
indigenous only in Tropical America.
low erect tree, without spines. Pinna 8-16; leaflets 20-30, linear, acute,
glaucous, membranous, caducous, j~k in., finely downy.
Heads short-peduncled, very
Corolla whitish, in.
dense, often in pairs, -rf in. broad.
Stamens twice the length
of the corolla. Pod straight, 5-6 in. by f- in., 15-20-seeded, soon dehiscing.


3Iimosa.]

l.

(J. G.

leguminosj:.

125,

Baker.)

291

BIIIKOfi^- T^n.

Shrubs or herbs, with or without

Leaves in the indigenous species

caducous. Flowers minute, in
dense globose heads, polygamous, in the Indian species mostly tetramerous.
Calyx campanulate, shortly toothed. Petals connate towards the base. Stamens
twice the number of the petals, much exserted, filaments filiform, free anthers
not gland-crested.
Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute
terminal.
Pod flat, membranous, made up of 1-seeded joints that separate
when mature from the sutures. Distrib. Species 230, mostly confined to
Trop. America.

Tfipinnate

leaflets small,

prickles.

sensitive,

ligulate,

[LIU. pudicayZmrc. DC.

Prodr. ii. 426; stem and rachises copiously

and pricklv, leaves digitate^ pod small with densely prickly sutures.
Roxb. Hort. Bengal Fl. Tnd. ii. 564 Wall. Cat. 5292.
;

bristly
.

Spread through the hotter parts of India, possibly introduced from Trop. America.
Shrubby, the copious bristly hairs of the branchlets and petioles deflexed, those
of the leaf-rachis ascending. Pinna of the lea ves,^-^ nearly sessile, 2-3 in. long;
Flowers in small peduncled heads, all down
leaflets 24-40, glabrous, subcoriaceous.
the branches, 1-2 from each axil. Pod in. long, 3-4-seeded, with very abundant
straw-coloured weak prickles from both sutures, as long as the breadth of the pod.

rachises copiously prickly

2. BX. rubicaulis, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 429
not bristly, leaves bipinnate, pinnae 8-20, pod strap-shaped, the sutures mostly
without prickles.
Wall. Cat. 5289 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. 268 ; Dak. # Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. Ind. ii. 564.
Fl. 85. M. octandra, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 200 Hort. Beng. 41
INI. mutabilis, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. loc. cit.
M. Rottleri, Spreng.
;

Syst.

ii.

206.

Western Himalayas, ascending

to 5000 ft. in Kumaon, westward to Mishmi and

Bhotan, and through India proper. Distrib. Afghanistan.
A low tree, with slender grooved finely grey-downy branches, armed with copious
small scattered hooked spines. Leaflets 12-24, membranous, \-\ in. long, rather
downy below, not venulose, with an obscure recurved cusp. Heads ~| in. broad, on
short simple erecto-patent peduncles, from the leaf axils and crowded at the top of

&

Corolla
afterwards bleached.
in.
Pod rather
6-10-seeded, the sutures rarely furnished (M. spinosisiliqua, Bottler) with a few distant prickles.

the branchlets, at
falcate,

UK.

in.

first reddish,

by -

in.,

ham at a,

DC.

Prodr. ii. 427 ; rachises copiously prickly

6-8, pod ligulate-oblong with the sutures
armed with large hooked prickles. W. $ A. Prodr. 268 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 85. M. armata, Rottl. ; Spreng. Syst. ii. 206 ; Wall. Cat. 5290.
3.

not

3-4

Willd.

bristly, leaves bipinnate, pinnae

Western Peninsula.
Closely allied to M. rubicaulis, with which it agrees in prickles, general habit and
inflorescence.
Leaflets 12-20, oblique, ligulate-oblong, -\ in. long, downy or
glabrous.

Pod

rather shorter and broader,

downy

or glabrous, 4-6-seeded.

4. XtX. sepiaria, Bentli. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 395 ; rachises without
either prickles or bristles, leaves bipinnate, pinnae 12-14, pod ligulate with unharmed sutures.

Sincapore, SchomburgJc, Maingay. Distrib. China. Doubtless introduced into

Asia from Trop. America, where it is common.
A woody shrub, glabrous except the leaf-rachises, which are slightly downy.
.Leaflets 12-20, rigidly coriaceous, narrow ligulate, caducous, \-\ in. long, with a

v2

X.
'

292

l.

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Acrocarpus.

distinct midrib nearer the upper side and conspicuous veinlets. Heads globose, forming an ample patent panicle; with compound spreading lower branches. Flowers someCorolla 5\ in. Pod distinctly stalked, nearly straight, l-2 in.
times pentamerous.
by ^-| in., glossy, finely reticulato-venulose, 6-8-seeded.

126.

An

ACROCARPTJS, W. & A.

Leaves bipinnate. Flowers racemed.

Calyx campanulate, cleft about half-way down into 5 equal lanceolate teeth, the disk comPetals oblanceolate, equal, half as long again as the
pletely investing the tube.
Stamens 5, exserted, straight, equal ; anthers uniform. Ovary stalked,
calyx.
linear, many-ovuled ; style incurved, very short, stigma small terminal.
Pod
long-stalked, flat, ligulate, many-seeded, with a wing down the upper suture.
single species.
Distrib.

unarmed

erect

tree.

A.

fraxinlfolius, Wight le. t. 254 (excluding the leaf)-, Arnott in

Wight III. p. 198 Bedd.Fl. Sylv. t. 44. A. combretiJardine Mag. ii. 547
florus, Teysm. 8f Binnen. ; Walp. Ann. vii. 811.
1.

<

Nilghiris, Wight, Beddome, Brandts.

A large

unarmed

Sikxim, Hook. fil.

erect tree, 50 feet high before it forks.

Distrib.
Pinna

Sumatra.

a foot or more
long; leaflets 10-12, nearly sessile, oblong, rather oblique, glabrous, subcoriaceous,
3-4 in. long. Flowers in dense simple racemes produced in February, when the leaves
Calyx \ in. Petals scarlet, slightly imbricated
are fallen pedicels short, drooping.
Filaments twice the length of the corolfa.
Ovules about 15. Pod longin bud.
stalked, thin, flat, with a wing down the upper suture.
8,

127.

ACACIA,

Willd.

Spinose or prickly shrubs or trees, erect or climbing. Leaves bipinnate,

with minute leaflets. Flowers in globoseheads or cylindrical spikes, hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually pentamerous.
Calyx campanulate or funnelshaped, shortly toothed. Petals exserted, united in the lower half. Stamens
free, indefinite, much exserted anthers minute, not gland-crested. Ovary stalked
or sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate.
Pod ligulate
or oblong, not jointed) usually compressed and dry, dehiscent or indehiscent,
rarely turgid or subcylindrical, sutures straight or wavy, not thickened.
Distrib.
Species 430, the foliiferous groups cosmopolitan in the tropics, the great phyllodineous series, which comprises two-thirds of the genus, almost restricted to
;

Australia.
A. melanoxylon, E; Br., and A. dealbata, Link, both Australian species, have been
extensively planted in the Nilghiris.

Erect shrubs or trees.

Series I. G-ummiferae globiferae.
long and straight. Stipules spinescent. Flowers in rounded he&ds.

Spines

1. A. Farnesiana, Willd.-, DC. Prodr. ii. 461; pinnae 8-16, leaflets

20-40, heads axillary, pod thick short cylindrical glabrous with straight
Wall. Cat. 5264, excl. 1. ; Bedd.
sutures biserial seeds and pulpy mesocarp.
Mimosa Farnesiana, Linn. Boxb. Hart. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind.
Fl. Sylv. t. 52.
Vachellia Farnesiana, W. A. Prodr. 272
Wt. Ic. t. 300. Acacia
ii. 55*7.
DC. Prodr. ii. 462. Farnesia odora, Gaspar in Linneea, 1839,
indica, Desv.
;

Litter. 134.

Himalayas

to

Ceylon and Penang,

Distrib.

Cosmopolitan in the Tropics, but

often planted.

shrub or low

tree,

with slender zigzag branches, marked with grey dots. Spines

im/-rachises downy, with

stipular only, seldom over \\ in. long on the branchle ts.
a minute petiolar gland; pinnse 1-1 in. long; leaflets green, subglabrous, rigidly

;;

Acacia.']

l.

LEGUMiNOSiE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

293

Peduncles crowded in the nodes of full-grown leaves, shorter than the

Heads fragrant, bright yellow,
leaves, with the ring of bracts at or near the apex.
under ^ in. diam. Calyx campanulate, very minute. Corolla^fin. ; teeth short,

coriaceous.

Pod 2-3

obtuse.

in. long,

in. thick, dull

brown, marked with

fine ^close horizontal

striae.

2. A. planifrons, W. $ A. Prodr. 276; pinnae 10-16, leaflets 16-24,

heads axillarv, pod narrow ligulate turgid with straight sutures. Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. 95.
A.'Farnesiana, Wall. Cat. 5264 I. A. Koxburghii, W. # A. Prodr.
276. A. Canipbellii, Am. Pug. 15.
Mimosa eburnea, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 199
Fl. Ind. ii. 558, non Linn.
M. horrida, Sm. in Rees Cyclop.
t

Western Peninsula.

tree, with a flat umbrella-like top, and glabrous branches with grey lenticular dots.
Spines J-1 in. long, the old ones spreading, \ in. thick, very pungent.
Leaves glabjous, very small glands of the rachis
or minute pinnae \-~ ini long
Heads in clusters
leaflets
fe in., rigidly coriaceous, glaucous-green, glabrous.
from the axils of mature branchlets, \-\ in. diam. peduncles very slender, with
the involucre below the middle.
Pod
Corolla fc in., yellow, twice the calyx.
subcylindrical, glabrous, 2-3 in. long, \-\ in. thick, circinate, rigidly subcoriaceous,
indehiscent.
;

-**%3. A. arabica, Willd.

DC. Prodr. ii. 461 pinna? 6-12, leaflets 20-40,
heads axillary, pod straight strap-shaped firm grey-downy with sutures deeply
indented between each seed.
Wall. Cat. 5246
W. $ A. Prodr. 277 Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. t. 47 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 86.
A. vera, Willd. loc. cit. Mimosa
arabica, Lam.
Roxb. Cor. PL t. 149 Sort. Beng. 40 Fl. Ind. ii. 557.
;

Punjab

Behae, Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Distbib.

Arabia, Egypt,
*"
Trop. Africa, Natal.
shrub or tree, with straight finely grey-downy branchlets. Spines \-2 in.
long, large, white, ascending and pungent on the older branchlets.
Xeo/-rachises
downy, with several glands pinnae ^1^ in. long leaflets membranous, green, J \
Peduncles short, densely grey-downy, with the bracts
in., glabrous or rather downy.
above the middle, 4-6-nate, the subtending leaves of the upper nodes reduced or
suppressed
heads yellow, in. diam. Calyx
in., campanulate.
Corolla twico
the length of the calyx. Pod rigidly coriaceous, subindehiscent, densely persistently
grey-downy, 8-12-seeded, \- % ft. by |-$ in., distinctly stalked.
to

4. A. eburnea, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 461

pinnae 4-10, leaflets 12-16,
heads axillary, pod straight narrow-ligulate rigidly coriaceous dehiscent glabrous
with slightly repand sutures.
W. 8r A. Prodr. 276 Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
85 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 95 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 637. Mimosa eburnea, Linn. JU.
Suppl. 437, non Roxb.
;

East Himalayas and Punjab to the Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Distbib.
Afghanistan, Arabia.
General habit of A. arabica, with fewer leaflets and a different pod. Branchlets
slender, downy or glabrous.
Sjnnes -2 in., the large ones white, - in. Pinna
leaflets - in., rigidly
%-^ in. long, with a gland between the lowest pair
coriaceous, grey-green.
Heads yellow, under in. diam. from the axils of developed
leaves peduncles densely grey-downy, with the involucre about the middle.
Calyx
in., funnel-shaped,
shortly toothed.
Corolla scarcely twice the length of the
Pod distinctly stalked, 3-6 in. by in., thin, flat, straight, drab, glossy,
calyx.
;

rather venulose, 6-10-seeded.

5.

A. Jacquemontii,

leaflets

with

Benth. in Hook. Joum. Bot. i. 499; pinnae 6-8 f

12-16, heads axillary, pod thin flat broad-ligulate dehiscent glabrous

straight sutures.

-..

294

L.

leguminos^!.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Acacia.

Plains of the North West provinces.

General habit of A. eburnea, from which it mainly differs in the pod. Spines
slender, reaching 1^-2 in. long.
Pinna J-$ in. long; leaflets grey -green, subglabrous, rigidly coriaceous.
Heads yellow, $ in. diam. Corolla fa in., twice the
length of the calyx. Pod straight, flexible, grey, 2-3 in. by 4$ in., 5-6-seeded,

with a stalk -

in. long.

A. tomentosa,

Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 462; pinnae 12-24, leaflets40-60, heads axillary, pod thin flat ligulate-falcate dry dehiscent with, straight
Wall. Cat. 5247; W. 8f A. Prodr. 276. Bedd.
sutures thinly grey-downy.
Fl. Sylv. 95; Dak. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 86. A. chrysocoma, Miq. Flor. Ind..
Bat. i. 6. Mimosa tomentosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 Fl. Lid. ii. 558. M.
6.

Kleinii, Poir. Diet.

Sujyjil.

i.

82.

Western

Peninsula, and Ceylon.

small tree, with the branchlets and leaf-rachises densely clothed with fine grey
pubescence, the latter with several glands. Pinna 1-2 in. long leaflets - in.,
Developed spines
grey-green, more or less downy, membranous or subcoriaceous.
1-2 in. long, spreading, brown, not white. Heads purple, ^ in. diam. peduncles-;
involucre.
Calyx
in.,
medial
funnel-shaped,
stout, densely downy, with a
greydowny. Corolla subcylindrical, twice the length of the calyx. Pod 4-6 in. by ^ in.,
short-stalked, 6-10-seeded.

7. A. leucophleea, Willd.-, DC. Prodr. ii. 462; pinnae 12-24, leaflets

30-60, heads in ample terminal panicles, pod narrow ligulate falcate thin flat
tomentose with straight sutures.
Wall. Cat. 5261 ; W. fy A. Prodr. 277 Dalz.
$ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 86 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 48. A. alba, Willd. DC. loc. ciL
A. arcuata, Decaisne Herb. Timor. Descr. 133. Mimosa leucophlaea, Roxb.
Cor. PI. t. 150 Fl. Ind, ii. 558.
Mimosa alba, Rottl. in Nov. Act. Be?: 1803,.
;

208.

North West

provinces to Ceylon and Birma. Distrib. Malay isles, Timor.

Easily recognisable from all the foregoing by its panicled inflorescence. Spines^-1 in., white. Leaf-Tachises downy, with several glands pinnse l-l in. long ;
Panicle reaching a foot long and broad,
leaflets crowded, rigidly coriaceous, - in.
with long compound densely tomentose ascending branches, the lower only from
leafy nodes heads yellow, not more than in. diam.
peduncles with the bract
Corolla under
in.
medial, the upper very short.
Pod 4-8 in. by ^-A in., sessile,,
subindehiscent, clothed with pale brown or grey persistent tomentum.
Var. microcephalia, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5263, sp. leaf-rachis glabrous, leaflets
much larger - in. long. A. densa, Wall. Cat. 5262. Birma, Wallich.
;

Series II. Gummiferae spicatae. Erect trees.

Spines short and
hooked, except in A. Latronum. Stipules spinescent. Floivers in peduncled
spikes in the axils of the leaves.

Suma,

Kurz in Brand. For. Fl. 187 spines in pairs short hooked,

8.
.
pinnae 20-40, leaflets 60-100 small ligulate, rachises densely downy, corolla
scarcely exceeding the canescent calyx, pod strap-shaped straight.
Benth. in
Linn, Trans, xxx. 519. A. Catechu, W. fy A. Pi'odr. 272 (excl. syn.) ; Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. 1842, 510 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 86 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
t. 49.
A. Sundra, Wall. Cat. 5227. Mimosa Suma, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ^
Mimosa frondosa and tamariscina, Heyne MSS. M. albida,
Fl. Ind. ii. 563.
;

Roxb.

MSS.

Bengal, Behar, Western Peninsula, Ceylon.

A middle-sized tree, with white bark and downy branchlets. Leaf-Ta,chis ft.
long, with a large basal gland and smaller ones between several of the upper pinnae ^
pinnae 1^-2 in. long leaflets very close, rigidly subcoriaceous, pale green, under
Calyx xg-jg in., densely grey-downy ;
Spikes 1-4-nate, 3-1 in. long.
in. long.
;

Acacia.'}

l.

leguminos.2.

(J.

Pod 3-4

G. Baker.)
by -f

295

rather thicker than in

Corolla nearly white.
teeth deltoid.
the two following, reined, 6-8-seeded, distinctly beaked, subindehiscent, narrowed
stalk
in.
long.
suddenly into a
-f
9.

A. Catechu,

in.

in.,

Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 1079; spines short hooked in pairs,

40-80, leaflets 60-100 small ligulate, rachises downy, corolla 2-3

Wall. Cat. 5228, A, B,
times the tomentose calyx, pod strap-shaped straight.
in part Benth. in Hook. Lond.
0, F. Acacia catechuoides, Wall. Cat. 5229
Journ. 1842, 510. A. polyacantha, Willd. Sp. iv. 1079 ? A. Wallichiana, DC.
Prodr. ii. 458 ? Mimosa Catechu, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 175 Ker. Med. Obs. v. 151,
t. 4
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 563 (both No. 41 and 42). Mimosa
catechuoides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. n. 562.
pinnae

Through the Himalayas from the Punjab to Sikkim, ascending to 4-5000 ft.
BlRMA.
Very near A. Suma, from which it differs by its brown bark, darker yellow flowers,
calyx not more than half as long, both absolutely and in proportion to the corolla, and
not merely downy, but clothed with distinct spreading grey hairs, and by its narrower thinner darker brown pod.
10. A. Sundra, DC. Prodr. ii. 458; spines short hooked in pairs,
pinnse 30-40, leaflets 40-80 small ligulate, rachises glabrous, corolla 3 times the
W. 8f A. Prodr. 273 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs.
glabrous calyx, pod strap-shaped straight.
Bomb. Fl. 86 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 50. A. chundra, Willd. Sp. iv. 1078. A.
A. Catechu, Brand. For. Flor. 186,
catechuoides, Wall. Cat. 5229 A, ex parte.
Mimosa Sundra, Roxb. Cor. PI.
et Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 519, in part.
t. 225 ; Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 562.

"Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Birma.

Scarcely more than a variety of A. Catechu, from which it differs by its fewer
leaflets and pinnse, and by the total absence of pubescence from the leaflets leafrachises and calyx, by the latter being rather shorter, and by the very dark brown
colour of

its

branchlets.

11. A. ferruginea, DC. Prodr. ii. 458; spines short hooked in

pinnae 6-12, leaflets 20-40 ligulate-oblong, rachises glabrous, corolla 2-3
Wall. Cat.
the campanulate glabrous calyx, pod straight strap-shaped.
W. 8f A. Prodr. 273 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 51. Mimosa ferruginea, Roxb.
Beng. 41 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 561.

pairs,

times

5226
Hort.

"Western Peninsula.

A middle-sized

tree, with brown bark and glabrous or slightly downy branchlets.

Prickles sometimes suppressed. Xm/-rachis with a gland on the petiole and one between the uppermost pinnse ; pinnse 2-3 in. long leaflets %-% in. long, pale glaucousSpikes dense, 3-4 in. long.
Corolla yellowish,
in.
green, rigidly subcoriaceous.
Pod 3-4 in. long, in. broad, dark brown, glabrous, veined, distinctly stalked, 4-6seeded, the upper suture narrowly winged.
;

12. A. Senegal, Willd.-, DC. Prodr. ii. 459 in part-, spines small
hooked often 3-nate, pinnae 6-10, leaflets 16-28 small ligulate, rachises finely
downy, corolla twice the campanulate calyx, pod straight strap-shaped. A.
Verek, Guill. Sr Per. Fl. Seneg. i. 245, t. 56. A. rupestris, Stocks Boiss. Fl.
;

Orient,

ii.

638.

Scinde, Stocks. Distrib. Arabia, tropical Africa.

A low tree, with flexuose glaucous grey branches, iea/'-rachises not above an inch
long, with a gland at the base and one between the upper pair of pinnse
leaflets
Spikes 2-3 in. long,
rigidly subcoriaceous, in. long, glabrous, pale, glaucous -green.
;

296

l.

Calyx
not very dense.
Pod 3 in. by f
lowish.
denly into a short stalk.

jleguminosj:.
in.,

in.,

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Acacia.

campanulate, glabrous, deeply toothed.

thin, grey, firm, indehiscent, 5-6-seeded,

Corolla

yel-

narrowed sud-

13. A. modesta, Wall. PI. As. Ear. t, 130 ; spines in pairs short hooked,
pinnae 4-6, leaflets 6-8 obovate, corolla twice the glabrous campanulate calyx,
pod straight strap-shaped. Wall. Cat. 5230; Dene, in Jacquem. Voy. Bot.
t. 56.
Mimosa dumosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 559. M. obovata,

Roxb, Fl. Ind.

Foot of the

ii.

561.

Western and Central Himalayas.

Distrib.

Afghanistan.

A middle-sized tree, with grey glabrous branches.

Prickles dark-brown, polished.

iga/-rachises very slender, finely downy, with a small gland at the base and one between the uppermost pinnae leaflets thin, rigidly subcoriaceous, ^-f in. long, shortly
stalked, glabrous, oblique at the base, pale green, obtuse or minutely cuspidate.
Corolla
in., greenish. Pod 2-3 in. by ff in.,
Spikes 2-3 in. long, not very dense.
6-8-seeded, glossy, drab, glabrous, venulose, narrowed gradually into a short
;

stalk.

14. A. lenticularis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5244; spines in pairs short

hooked, pinnae 4-8, leaflets 12-16 large obovate-oblong, corolla twice the campanulate calyx, pod strap-shaped straight or subfalcate. Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. i. 508.

Foot of Central and Eastern and Western Himalayas, rare, Hamilton, Boyle.
Branches grey, glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, without any gland on the rachis
pinnae 3-4 in. long leaflets much larger than in any other species, 1-1 \ in. long,
obtuse, pale glaucous-green, glabrous, rigidly subcoriaceous, sessile, reduced on the
upper side towards the base. Spikes very dense, short-peduncled, 3-4 in. long. Corolla in., grey, campanulate, deeply toothed. Pod 6-8 in. by f in., 6-0-seeded, thin,
flat, opaque, brown, venulose, with both sutures slightly thickened and furnished with
a narrow wing.
;

15.

A. Latronum,

Willd.;

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

460; spines in pairs long

20-30 minute ligulate, pod oblong thin flat rather

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 95
recurved.
Wall. Cat. 5332
Wight Ic. t. 1157 ; W. & A.
Prodr. 273 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 87. A. umbraculata, Wall. Cat. 5245.
A. dumosa, W. fy A. Prodr. 274, excl. syn. Boxb. Mimosa Latronum, Linn. ;
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 Fl. Ind. ii. 558. M. cornigera, Linn. Suppl. 438.
straight, pinnae 6-10, leaflets

Western Peninsula.

low tree, forming an umbrella-like top when old, with brown glabrous branches.
Full-sized prickles 2-2 in. long, -f in. thick, connate at the base.
Leaves shorter
than the prickles rachises very slender, glabrous or downy, with a small petiolar
gland leaflets -^ in., glabrous, rigidly subcoriaceous. Spikes abundantly produced
from the close nodes of leafless branches. Corolla
in., 3-4 times the minute glabrous campanulate calyx. Pod l-2 in. by - in., opaque, dark brown, 2-4- seeded,
veined, finally dehiscing.
;

Series

III.

Vulgrares. Climbers with copious

scattered prickles. Floivers

in copiously panicled globose heads.

16. A. concinna, DC. Prodr. ii. 464 ; pinnae 12-16, leaflets 30-50 membranous, stipules and bracts cordate-ovate, pod thick succulent when dry
shrivelled and rugose with slightly waved sutures. W. 8p A. Prodr. 277
Wall.
Cat. 5250, excl.
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 87.
A. Hooperiana, Zippel. Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat i. 10. Mimosa concinna, Willd.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41 Fl. Ind.
ii. 565.
M. rugata, Lam. DC. Prodr. ii. 431. M. abstergens, Sprang. DC.

Prod?-, loc.

cit.


;;

Acacia.]

l.

(J. G. Baker.)

leguminos^:.

297

Eastern Himalayas, Western and Eastern Peninsulas, and Ceylon. Distrib.

Malay isles, China.
Branchlets and leaf-rachises finely greyPrickles abundant, minute, hooked.
downy. Petiole with a large gland near the base and one between the uppermost
pinnae pinnae 2-3 in. long leaflets - in. long, pale green above, glaucous beneath,
;

subglabrous, i- in. broad, with a very oblique midrib, sensitive, often not crowded.
Panicles with densely downy branches, the lower springing from the axils of the
leaves, -the upper subtended by conspicuous oblique membranous subpersistent bracts
in. long. Corolla little exserted.
fialyx funnel-shaped,
heads-yellow, f-4- in. broad,
Pod strafTsnapeci, straight, 3-4 in. by $ in.'; 6-i0-seeded, with broad sutures, narrowed to a short stalk, depressed between the seeds.
Var. rugata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5251, sp. leaflets and pod larger, the pinnae \ in.
and the latter 1-1 \ in. broad, ovary villose. Eastern Himalayas.

17. A. Zntsia, Willd. in DC. Prodr. ii. 464; pinnae 12-16, leaflets.
16-24 ligulate-oblong rigidly subcoriaceous not crowded, bracts minute lanceoWall. Cat. 5248; W. $ A. Prodr. 278; Dalz. $ Gibs.
late, pod dry thin.
Bomb. Fl. 88. Mimosa csesia, Linn. Sp. PI. 1507, ex parte. M. Intsia, Linn.
;

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41

Tropical Himalayas,

Fl. Ind.

ii.

565.

Western Peninsula, Eastern Peninsula, and Ceylon.

Branchlets and leaf-rachises finely downy or glabrous,

Prickles minute, hooked.
the latter with a gland at the base and between the 2-3 upper pinnae. Pinnce 2-3 in.
long leaflets -f in., broad, minutely cuspidate, with the midrib nearer the upper
margin, both surfaces glabrous or nearly so, the lower grey-green. Peduncles finely
Calyx shorter, and more broadly
downy, 1-4-nate heads yellow, under - in. broad.
;

funnel-shaped than in the last. Pod straight, strap-shaped, glabrous, dehiscent,

smooth, 4-6 in. by f-l in., 8-12-seeded, the sutures straight or slightly repand,
cuneately narrowed at the base to a short stalk.
*
Var. ccesia, W.
leaflets 40-60 crowded not more than
A. Prodr. 278, sp.
3^-| in., broad rigidly subcoriaceous obtuse with a minute cusp, pinnae 16-30.
A. alliacea, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5258.
A. Arar, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5249.
A. intsiA. pseudo-intsia, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 12. Mimosa
oides, DC. Prodr. ii. 464.
caesia, Linn, ex parte; Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 565. M. tenuifolia, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 41.
Himalayas (ascending to 3000 ft. in the West and 5000 in Sikkim) Behar, Western
Peninsula, Birma. Distrib. Malay isles.
Var. oxyphylla, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5252, sp. leaflets 40-50 more membranous
than in the last and more acutely pointed. Eastern Himalayas.

&

A.

18.
pennata, Willd. Sp. P/.iv. 1090; pinna* 16-30, leaflets 80-100
rigidly coriaceous very narrow densely crowded, bracts minute lanceolate, pod
dry thin.
Wall. Cat. 5254 ; W. fy A. Pi-odr. 277. Acacia megaladena, Desv. ;
DC. Prodr. ii. 465. A. prensans, Lowe in Bot. Mag. t. 3408. A. paludosa,
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 14. A. pinnata, Dalz. fy Gib's. Bomb. Fl. 87. Mimosa
pennata, Linn. Sp. 1507, excl. syn. ; Boxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 565. M. torta, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 41 ; Fl. Lnd. ii. 566. M. ferruginea, Rottl. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 431.

Central and Eastbbn Himalayas (ascending to 5000 ft.), Behar, Eastern

and Western Peninsula, Birma, and Ceylon. Distrib. Malay isles, Trop. Africa,

Natal.
Prickles generally fewer and less hooked than in A. Intsia and concinna.
Branchlets and leaf-rachises finely downy, the latter with a large plate-shaped gland at
the base of the petiole and several between the upper pinnae. Pinnce 2-3 in. long
leaflets firm in texture, not more than
fe-*fa in. broad, dark green above, grey-green
below, both sides glabrous. Peduncles 1-4-nate, finely downy; heads in. thick.
Corolla
in., slightly exceeding the glabrous subcampanulate calyx.
Pod straight,
strap-shaped, thin glabrous, dehiscent, 6-8 in. by f-1 J in., distinctly stalked, 8-12 :
seeded, the sutures rather raised, slightly repand.


298

l.

LEGUMINOS.E.

G. Baker.)

(J.

[Acacia.

Vab. 1. canescens, Grah. in "Wall. Cat. 5256, sp. branches and leaf-rachises densely
pubescent, leaflets slightly downy below. A. csesia, Wall. Cat. 5253 A. A. amblycarpa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5260.
A. concinna, Wall. Cat. 5250 D? A. tomentella,.
Zipp.
Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1 3.
Var. 2. arrophula, Don "Wall. Cat. 5257, sp. ; pinnae more numerous, leaflets
duller in colour and not so firm in texture, panicle more elongated and compound,,
peduncles often 4-6-nate. Eastern Himalayas.
Vab. 3. plurkapitata, Steud. ; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1842, 516, sp.
pinnae 40-80 not more than 1^-1 in. long, leaflets very narrow and crowded, petiolar
glands much smaller, panicle elongated sometimes a foot long above the leaves, peduncle often 6-8-nate, heads smaller, A. polycephala, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5255, non
;

DC.

Martaban, Penang, and Malacca.Distrib.

IMPERFECTLY

KNOWN

Malay

isles.

SPECIES.

A. Wightii, Baker. In Dr. Wight's collection are specimens without fruit of a

well-marked species near A. arabica, from Travancore and Tinnevelly, with glabrous
branchlets and leaf-rachises, large straight dark-brown spines, 2-8 pinna?, 12-32
oblique oblong glabrous subcoriaceous leaflets - in. long, short glabrous 2-4-nate
peduncles with the involucre below the middle, funnel-shaped shortly-toothed calyx
in. long, and a minute campanulate glabrous calyx.

128.

ALBIZZIA,

Durazz.

Large trees. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers in the Indian specierin globose heads,
or pedicellate, usually pentamerous and all hermaphrodite.
Calyx
campanulate or funnel-shaped, distinctly toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped,
petals firmly united below the middle.
Stamens indefinite, monadelphous at the
base, filaments several times the length of the corolla anthers minute, not
gland-crested.
Ovary sessile or shortly-stalked; style filiform, stigma capisessile

tate minute.
Pod large, thin, flat, strap-shaped, straight, indehiscent or subindehiscent, continuous within, the sutures not thickened.
Distrib. Species
26-30, spread through the Tropics of the Old World.

The Australian A. lophantha, which resembles A. amara

> flowers in spikes, is naturalised on the Nilghiris.

in the leaves but has the

* Leaflets oblong at least ^-^ in. broad.

L
1. A. Xiebbek, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 8fe; leaflets 8-18,
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
obtuse, heads not pani$led, calvx pedicellate funnel-shaped.
Acacia Lebbek, Willd. ;
Fl. 88 Bedd. PI. Sylv. t. 53 ; ~Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 639.
DC. Prodr. ii. 466. A. speciosa, Willd. j DC. Prodr. ii. 467 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
275. Mimosa speciosa, Jacq. lc. t. 198. Acacia Sirissa, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
5265. Mimosa Sirissa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 544. Albizzia latifolia, Boivin ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 22.
;

Tropical Himalayas, ascending to 5000

ft.

in the Central Provinces

Khasia through India proper and Ceylon

Malay isles, China, N. Australia, Trop. Africa.
in

to

and 4000

Birma and Tenasserim.

ft.

Distrib.

Leaves with glabrous or downy rachises, and a

tall tree, without prickles.
large gland near the base of the main petiole pinnae 4-8, with or without a gland
between the lowest leaflets short-stalked, rigidly subcoriaceous, oblique, l-l in.
long, glabrous or finely grey-downy.
Heads many-flowered, short-peduncled, 3-4 together from the crowded upper nodes on downy erecto-patent peduncles. Calyx in.,
downy. Corolla greenish-yellow, twice the calyx, the teeth short, lanceolate. Pod
strap-shaped, firm, yellow-Drown, -1 ft. by f-l in., 6-10-seeded.
;

Albizzia.]

l.

leguminosj:.

A. pedicellata,

2.

(J.

G. Baker.)

299

leaflets 36-40 obtuse, heads not panicled,

Benth. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxx. 563.

Baker;

calyx pedicellate funnel-shaped.

Malacca, Maingay.
Combines the leaves of A. odoratissima with inflorescence of A. LebbeJc. Leaves with
a gland near the base of the main petiole rachises and leaflets finely downy pinnse12-18 leaflets oblong, obtuse, sessile, rigidly subcoriaceous, little oblique, -f in.
Heads many-flowered, on crowded downy peduncles from the upper nodes.
long.
Corolla half as long again as the
Pedicels and calyx each - in., densely pubescent.
Pod a foot or more by 2 in., very thin and brittle, pale yellowish-brown, with
calyx.
repand sutures and very small seeds.
;

A. odoratissima,

Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 88; leaflets

very oblique, heads copiously panicled, calyx sessile minute
campanulate. Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 88 Bedd. Pi. Sylv. t. 54. Acacia odoratissima, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii. 466; Wall. Cat. 5234; W. # A. Prodr. 275.
A.
lomatocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. 467. A. micrantha, Boiv. Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i.
24.
Mimosa odoratissima, Linn. ; Roxb. Cor. PL t. 120 Hort. Beng. 40 Fl.
Ind. ii. 546. M. niarginata, Lam. Diet. i. 12. A. lebekkoides, Benth. loc. cit.
3.

16-40

sessile obtuse

p.

89?

Foot of the Central Himalayas to Ceylon and Malacca.

Zeq/'-rachises finely downy, with a gland at
tall erect tree, without prickles.
the base of the petiole and of the 1-2 upper pinnae pinnae 6-8 leaflets obliquely
oblong, articulated on the rachis, f-1 in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, glaucous beneath,
strongly veined, with the midrib parallel with the upper edge at a short distance
from it. Heads small, few-flowered, very numerous, forming ample deltoid terminal
panicles crowded in peduncled corymbs at the end of the branches and smaller ones
from the upper leaf-axils. Caly x underpin. Corolla grey-silky in., with lanceolate
teeth.
Pod firm, flexible, 6-8 in. by 1-1^ in., opaque or glossy, 8-12-seeded.
have not material for separating from this A. lebekkoides, Benth., reported by Kurz

We

from Birma.
Var. mollis, Benth.
rigid than in the type.

leaflets

and leaf-rachises densely grey-downy, the former less

Thomson. Siwaliks, Edgtworth.

Eohilcund,

4.
procera, Benth. in Hook. Journ. 1844, 89; leaflets 12-24 shorta
stalked obtuse, heads copiously panicled, calyx sessile funnel-shaped. Bedd: Fl.
DC. Prodr. ii. 466. Mimosa procera, Roxb.
Sylv. 96. Acacia procera, Willd.
Cor. t. 121
Fl. Ind. ii. 548.
;

Central and Eastern Himalayas, Behar, Western Peninsula, Birma.

Dis-

thib. Malay isles, Philippines.

Zca/-rachises glabrescent, with a large gland near the base of the petiole pinnae
4-12 leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, grey beneath, glabrous, 1-1^ in. long, obliquely
truncate on the lower side at the base.
Inflorescence like that of A. odoratissima^
Calyx
Corolla twice the length of the calyx, deeply cleft.
in., shortly toothed.
Pod 4-8 in. by 1- 1 in., thin, brown, glabrous, finally dehiscing, 8-12-seeded.
Var. elata, Baker leaflets smaller ^-f in. long less oblique at the base. Mimosa
elata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40
Fl. Ind. ii. 546.
Acacia elata, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
;

5233.

A. lucida,

Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 86; PI. Jungh. i. 268;

acute, heads copiously panicled, calyx minute sessile
campanulate. Mimosa lucida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 544. , Inga
lucida, Wall. Cat. 5267, excl. B. et F. pro parte.
5.

leaflets

2-4 rarely 6 large

Nipal, Khasia, Assam, Silhet, Ava, and Sincapore.

Differs widely from all the other species except the next, by its large acute leaflets
and unijugate pinna?. Main and partial petiole each with usually a large gland.
Leaflets oblong, 2-4 in. long, glabrous, membranous, firm, bright green.
Ultimate

300

L.

leguminosj;.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Albizzia.

in., faintly-toothed. Corolla

branches of the panicle umbellate or corymbose. Calyx
3-4 times the length of the calyx; teeth lanceolate. Pod 6-8 in. by 1-1, thin, flexible,
pale brown, 6-8-seeded.

6. A. glomeriflora, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2, 74 ; leaflets

usually 6 rarely 4 middle-sized acute, heads copiously panicled, calyx minute
sessile campanulate.
Benth. in Tram. Linn. Soc. xxx. 560.

Martaban, Kurz.

A shrub,

Pinna unijugate leaflets

ft. high, with puberulous branchlets.
subrhomboidal-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, chartaceous, nearly glabrous
above when mature, glaucescent and downy beneath. Heads the size of a pea, in
Calyx under
in., pubescent.
Corolla
axillary racemes and terminal panicles.
Pod unknown.
thrice as long as the calyx, deeply lobed, pubescent, greenish-white.
2-5

oblong- or

Ex Kurz

loc. cit.

** Leaflets narrow, dimidiate-lanceolate ivith the midrib close to the upper

,
edge.

A. Julibrissin,

Durazz.; Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 91;

20-50, stipules and bracts caducous, heads of flowers not panicled, corolla
three times as long as the calyx.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 639.
Acacia Julibrissin
and Nemu, Willd. DC. Prodr. ii. 469. Mimosa Kalkora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40;
Fl. Ind. ii. 547 ? M. arborea, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 229.
7.

leaflets

Throughout the Himalayas from Hazara to Sikkim, ascending to 6-7000 ft. Disand Central Asia, China, Japan.
A middle-sized unarmed tree. Ze/-rachises finely downy, with a small gland at
the base of the petiole, and between the upper pinna? pinnae 8-24; leaflets membranous, sessile, sensitive,' \ in. long, cuspidate, straight on the upper side, rounded
on the lower, ^in. broad. Heads globose, on clustered erecto-patent peduncles from the
crowded leafless upper nodes. Calyx - in., funnel-shaped, shortly toothed. Filaments rose-red, 1 in. Pod glabrous, membranous, grey or pale brown, 5-6 in. by
f-1 in., 8-12-seeded, narrowed to a beak and short stalk, indehiscent.
Var. mollis, Benth. leaflets broader (-3- in,) more coriaceous, like the peduncles
teib. Abyssinia, Eastern

and calyx densely pubescent.

5235.

Acacia mollis, Wall. PI. As. Ear,

Simla to Nipal.

ii.

76,

t.

177;, Cat,

8. A. stipulata, Boiv. : Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 92 ; leaflets

40-80, stipules and bracts persistent, heads of flowers panicled, corolla twice the
calyx.
Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 88 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 55. Acacia stipulata,
DC. Prodr. ii. 469; Wall. Cat. 5236; W. $ A. Prodr. 274. A. Smithiana,
Wall. Cat. 5237.
A. marginata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5243. Mimosa stipulacea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 549. M. Smithiana, Roxb. Hort,. Beng. 40 ; Fl. Ind. ii.
550.
Arthrosprion stipulatum, Hassk. Retz. i. 212.
;

Tropical Himalayas, ascending to 4000

Biema. Distrib. Malay isles.

ft.

in

K/omaon and Sikkim,

to

Ceylon and

A tall unarmed tree, with, finely grey downy branchlets. Leaves with many glands
on the rachis pinnae 12-40 leaflets
in. or less broad, membranous, sensitive,
%-$ in., sessile, glaucous beneath, finely downy, with a slightly, recurved acute point.
Stipules and bracts large, membranous, downy, cordate, acute.
Heads in copious axillary simple and compound terminal racemes with densely pubescent erecto-patent
branches.
Calyx like that of A. Julibrissin, but smaller. Pod 5-6 in. by f-1 in.,
pale brown, thin, indehiscent, subsessile, 8-10-seeded.
;

*** Leaflets very narrowly strap-shaped with a central midrib.

9.

A. myriophylla,

Benth. in Hook. Journ. 1844, 90;

leaflets

80-100


Albizzia.']

leguminos^s.

L.

(J.

G. Baker.)

301

subcoriaceous, heads panicled stipules persistent subspinescent, pod

Mimosa microphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 549. Acacia inyriophylla,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5242.

rigidly

subsessile.

Eastern Himalayas, ascending to 3000 ft. in Sikkim. Silhet, Assam, and the
Khasia Mts. Distrib. Siam.
A low tree, with dark brown shoots, Zeo/'-rachises finely downy, with a large
gland on the petiole, and several between the upper pinnae pinnae 30-40, not more than
2-3 in. long leaflets green, closely crowded, caducous, - in. by ^ i n
Heads small,

corymbose, forming an ample terminal panicle, with brown-tomentose branches. Calyx

in. long.
Corolla funnel-shaped, | in.
Pod 4-5 in.
sessile, campanulate, under
by f-1 in., glossy, brown, thin, flexible, 6-8-seeded, narrowed to both ends.
leaflets large ^-f in. long nearly ^~ in. broad, rachises less pubesVAR.foliolosa
cent.
Acacia foliolosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5241. Martaban, Wallich.

amara,

Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, 90 leaflets

minute caducous, heads not panicled, pod distinctly
Becld. Fl. Sijlv. t. 61.
Dalz. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 88
stalked.
Acacia amara,
Willd.
DC. Prodr. ii. 469; Wall. Cat. 5238 W. $ A. Prodr. 274. A. nellyrenza (nella-renga), Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5240. A. Wightii, Grah. in Wall. Cat.
6259 W.$A. Prodr. 274. Mimosa amara, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 122 Hort. Beng.
40; Fl. Ind. ii. 548. M. pulchella, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40; Fl. Ind. ii. 548.
Inga ventricosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5266, ex parte. Albizzia aflinis, Fourn. in
10.

30-60 membranous,

Boivin

stipules

Ann.

Sc.

Nat. 4, xiv. 371.

"Western Peninsula and. Ceylon. Distrib. Abyssinia {A. sericocephala, Benth.)

and Kordofan.
A middle-sized unarmed tree, with densely pubescent branchlets and leaf-rachis,
the latter with a small gland on the petiole' and between the lowest pair of pinnae.
Pinna 8-20, 1-3 in. long leaflets \-% in. long, sessile, caducous, finely pubescent,
grey or glaucous beneath. Peduncles copious, axillary, densely tomentose, crowded at
;

the upper nodes in the axils of much-reduced leaves.

Corolla 3 times as long as the calyx
shortly stalked.
by f-1 in., 6-10-seeded, opaque, grey-brown.

129.

Calyx -^ in., funnel-shaped,

teeth lanceolate.
Pod 6-9 in.

SERIANTHES, Benth.

Unarmed trees. Leaves bipinnate. Floivers racemed, much larger than in

Calyx deeply campanulate,
the other Mimosce, 5-merous, mostly hermaphrodite.
deeply toothed. Petals adnate at the base to the staminal tube, free above
this.
Stamens monadelphous, very numerous anthers minute. Ovary sessile,
niany-ovuled style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod large, oblong, subDistkib. Another species in Polynesia.
lignose, indehiscent, rather turgid.
;

S. grandiflora Benth. in Hook. Bond.

Journ. Bot. 1844, 225. Inga

5285. I. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 5284. I. ventricosa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5266, in part.
1.

grandiflora, Wall.

Cat.

Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

Leaf-x&chis with a gland on the common petiole and at the base of each pinna
pinnae 6-16 leaflets 12-24, glossy green, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous, -1 in. long,
oblique, rather falcate, obtuse, with the upper and lower edge subparallel.
Flowers
shortly pedicellate, in few-flowered axillary corymbose panicles, which are shorter
Calyx and yellowish corolla densely felted on the outside, the
than the leaves.
former ^ in., the latter 1 in. long.
Stamens many hundreds, much exserted.
;

302

L.

Pod

by 2

ft.

in.,

leguminosj:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Calliandra.

glabrous, 6-8-seeded, rather turgid, the sutures neither lobed nor

thickened.

130.

CALLIANDRA, Benth.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves bipinnate, with small or large leaflets. Flowers in

Calyx campanulate, toothed.
Corolla
globose heads, polygamous, 5-merous.
funnel-shaped, deeply 5-cleft. Stamens indefinite, monadelphous at the base,
Ovary
filaments filiform much exserted ; anthers minute, not gland-crested.

many-ovuled

stalked,

filiform,

style

stigma

minute

Pod

capitate.

strap-

shaped, slightly falcate, flat, rigidly coriaceous, the valves dehiscing with
elasticity, bordered by much-thickened sutures, continuous within, narrowed
gradually to a short stalk. Distrib. Species 80, all the rest Tropical American.

C. Griffith!!, Benth,

1.

Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 537

in

spines minute,

bracts linear-lanceolate.

Khasia Mts.,

Griffith.

>

Branches slender, terete, glabrous. General and partial petioles very short, glandLeaves as in C. umbrosa upper pair of leaflets connivent, oblong-lanceolate,
less.
oblique, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous, strongly veined, lower
nearly sessile, - in. Heads dense, on slender glabrous ascending peduncles 1-2 in.
Calyx
in., funnel-shaped
teeth deltoid.
long, from the axils of developed leaves.
;

Corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous, | in.

teeth lanceolate.

Pod unknown.

umbrosa,

Benth. in Gen. Plant, i. 597 ; spines conspicuous, bracts

Inga umbrosa, Wall. PL Asiat. Bar. t. 124
Cat. 5273.
Albizzia umbrosa, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 86.
2.

C.

minute

deltoid.

Silhet, Khasia Mts., Chittagong, and Penang.

with slender glabrous branchlets, sometimes furnished with small erectopatent stipular spines. Leaves short; pinnae 2, with a pair of large sessile oblique
oblong acute rigidly subcoriaceous leaflets at the apex, and an odd much smaller one
below on the outer side, all with a gland on the rachis at the base. Flowers sessile,
Corolla in., yellow,
in small dense globose heads on short ascending peduncles.
inodorous. Pod 6-9 in. by f-1 in. broad, smooth, finely veined, the valves with
elevated rounded thick raised edges.

A tree,

131.

PITHECOLOBIUIVI,

Mart.

Erect trees. Leaves bipinnate. Floioers in globose heads, usually hermaCalyx campanulate or funnel-shaped, shortly
phrodite and pentamerous.
Corolla funnel-shaped, the petals united below the middle.
Stamens
toothed.
monadelphous, much exserted; anthers not gland-crested. Ovary sessile or
stalked,

many-ovuled

style

filiform,

stigma minute capitate.

Pod

strap-

shaped, falcate or circinate, usually dehiscent and much twisted in a late stage,
the sutures not thickened. Distrib. Species about 100, cosmopolitan in the
Tropics, mostly American, only one African.

Series

I.

TTnguiscat!.

Stipules spinose.

pinnae
1. P. dulce, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 199
heads in long narrow terminal panicles, flowers sessile, pod
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 188. Mimosa dulcis, Boxb. Cor. PI. t. 99 Hort.
Inga dulcis, Willd. DC. Prodr. ii. 436 ; Wall.
Fl. Jnd. ii. 556.
W. 8f A. Prodr. 268; Wight Jc. t. 198.
;

2,'

and

leaflets

coriaceous.

Beng. 40
Cat.

5282

Pithecolobium.']

L.

leguminos.^.

(J. Gr.

Baker.)

303

native of Trop. America.

Cultivated throughout India, but not indigenous.
A middle-sized tree, with glabrous leaves and branches. Spines minute, pointing
upwards.
Leaflets approximated, oblique, obovate-oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous,
Heads dense, - in. broad, shortly peduncled, on elongated
obtuse, 1-2 in. long.
Corolla A in.
in., funnel-shaped, grey-downy.
Pod 4-5 in. by
branches.
Calyx
in., 6-8-seeded, both sutures indented between the seeds, which are half enveloped
in a pulpy white edible aril.

2.

P. g-eminatum, Benth.

in

Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 202

spines

large, pinnae 2, leaflets 6-10, heads axillary, uppermost leaves much reduced,
A. Prodr. 269. I.
flowers sessile. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 96. Inga geminata, W.

flexuosa, Grah. in

WaU.

Cat. 5286.

Ceylon and Western Peninsula.

A low tree, with slender pubescent branches. Common petiole very short, with a
gland between the erecto-patent pinnae pinnae 1-1$ in. long leaflets bright green,
xigidly subcoriaceous, uppermost pair approximated, - in. long, obtuse, obliqueobovate; lower smaller, lowest on inside absent. Peduncles slender, pubescent.
in.
Corolla 3-4 times the length of the calyx. Stamens
Oalyx campanulate, ur'der
;

Pod

not seen.
P. nitidum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 202 (Mimosa nitida, Vahl, Symb.
ii. 103.
Acacia nitida, Willd. DC. Prodr. ii. 460. Inga Kcenigii, W. $ A. Prodr.
269), a plant unknown to recent botanists, is probably a form of this with 4 pinnae.
in. long.

!~~

umbe

llatum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 202 spines

3. P.
minute, pinnae 2-^4, leaflets""6-20, heads axillary, flowers stalked, pod sublignose.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 96. Inga umbellata, Willd. DC. Prodr. ii. 439
W. # A.
Wall. Cat. 5287. Mimosa
Prodr. 270. I. corcondiana, DC. Prodr. ii. 441
umbellata, Vahl, Symb. ii. 103. M. concordiana, Boxb. Hoi-t. Beng. 40; Fl.
Ind. ii. 556.
;

Western Peninsula and Ceylon. Distrib. Malay

isles.

A low tree,

with the branchlets sometimes reduced to spines, but with the stipulary spines often small and obscure. im/-rachis downy, with a gland between the
pinnae and an obscure one between each pair of leaflets leaflets subglabrous, rigidly
coriaceous, ligulate-oblong, obtuse, A- 1 in. long, the uppermost pair broader
upwards, the lowest on the inner side mostly absent. Heads long-peduncled, fewCorolla \ in., twice the length of the funnel-shaped calyx.
flowered.
Stamens f-1
Pod very different to those of the other species, recurvato-falcate, indehiscent,
in.
;

jointed,

in. thick,

6-8-seeded.

Series II. Clypearia. Spineless trees with coriaceous twisted pods

opening from the lower suture.
* Leaflets few

and but

slightly oblique at the base.

P. big-eminum,

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 206 branchlets

with glands on the petiole
and at the base of each pinna and leaflet, calyx subcampanulate, pod not lobed.
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 89 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 96. Mimosa bigemina, Linn. ;
Vahl, Symb. ii. 103. M. lucida, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 40 Fl. Jnd. ii. 544. M.
monadelpha, Boxb. Fl. Jnd. ii. 544? Inga bigemina, Willd.; DC. Prodr. ii.
439 W. $ A. Prodr. 269. I. lucida, Wall. Cat. 5267 A. I. annularis, Grah.
I. Wightiana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5281.
in Wall. Cat. 5269.
4.

slightly pubescent, pinnae 2-4, leaflets 4-6, leaves

to 3000 ft., Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Philippines.
tall tree, with subterete branchlets with thin brown pubescence.
Pinna and
leaves long-petioled ; leaflets subcoriaceous, glabrous above, slightly pubescent at first

Eastern Himalayas, ascending

Distrib. Malay

isles,

*394

l.

leguminos*:.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Pithecoloh'nm.

beneath, obovate-oblong, acute, the upper 4-6 in. long, the lower shorter, all distinctly
stalked.
Heads few-flowered, irregular, in copious ample -axillary and terminal
panicles.
Calyx subsessile, yg-^ in., densely brown-silky.
Corolla silky, 2-3 times
the length of the calyx.
Stamens - in. Pod once or twice spiral, 3-6 in. by -f
in., the valves rigidly coriaceous, slightly downy, the lower suture not at all repand.
5. P. affine, Baker : branchlets densely pubescent, pinnae 2, leaflets 6-8,
leaves with glands on the petiole and at the base of the pinnae and leaflets,
calyx funnel-shaped, pod not lobed. Benth. in Tram. Linn. Soc. xxx. 577.

Malacca, Maingay.
Very near P. bigeminum.
tum.

3-6

Branchlets clothed with dense spreading brown tomen-

shortly-stalked, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous.

Calyx
in., densely brown-silky. Corolla twice the calyx, narrowly funnel-shaped, shortly
toothed, densely silky.
Valves of the pod more rigid than in P. bigeminum, \ in.
Leaflets

in. long,

broad.
6.

P. confertum,

downy, pinnae

Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 577 ; branchlets

with glands only at the base of the pinnae,

2, leaflets 4, leaves

calyx campanulate, pod unknown.

Malacca,

Griffith.

Branchlets of the panicle clothed with brown pubescence. Leaflets rigidly coriaceous, shining, strongly veined, oblong, obtusely pointed, 3-4 in. long.
Heads in
Calyx
in., glabrous.
copious short axillary and terminal corymbs.
Corolla \ in.
Stamens twice as long as the corolla.
cylindrical tube as long as lanceolate teeth.

;.

7. P. "bubalinum, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 576 ; branchlets

pubescent, pinnae 2, leaflets 2-4, leaves with glands only at the base of the pinnae,
calyx campanulate, pod large downy not lobed. Inga bubalina, Jack, in Malay
Misc. ii. 77.

Penang and Malacca.

middle-sized tree. Branchlets clothed with pale brown pubescence. Leaflets

Heads in ample axillary
coriaceous, oblong, glabrous, obtusely pointed, 3-4 in. long.
in., pubescent ; teeth deltoid.
and terminal corymbose panicles. Calyx
Corolla
in., ^- as long as stamens. Pod oblong-ligulate, sickle-shaped, 2-3 in. by 1-1 in.,

very rigid, the valves persistently clothed with fine brown down.
bean.

Seeds as large as a

branchlets
8. P. microcarpum, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 576
pubescent, pinnae 2-4, leaflets 4-8, leaves with glands only at the base of the
Inga bubalina,
pinnae, calyx campanulate, pod small glabrous spiral not lobed.
Wall. Cat. 5272, non Jack.
;

Penang and Malacca.

Closely allied to P. bubalinum, from which it differs by its more numerous and
and especially by its pod, which is l| in. by under in., forms
a complete spiral, with thinner valves, which become much twisted when it opens,
and seeds not larger than a pea.
less coriaceous leaflets

9. P. fasciculatum, Benth. in Hook. Land. Journ. Bot. 1844, 208;

branchlets glabrous, glands present on the general petiole and at the base of the
?innae and upper leaflets, pinnae 4, leaflets 4-6, calyx campanulate, pod not lobed.
nga Jiringa, Wall. Cat. 5268, non Jack. I. Clypearia, Wall. Cat. 5270 B.

Penang, Sincapobe, Malacca.

Distrib.

Malay

isles.

with terete branchlets and leaf-rachises.

Glands

depressed r
or subacute,
distinctly stalked, rigidly subcoriaceous, quite glabrous on both sides, the upper 6-8
Heads few-flowered, irregular, sessile or
in. long, the lower shorter and more ovate.
tall tree,

general and partial petioles elongated

flat,

leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse

Pithecolobium.']

l.

leguminosje.

(J. G. Baker.)

shortly peduncled, on the elongated glabrous branches

305

<

of terminal and axillary-

panicles, with a pair of small spreading lanceolate bracts at the base.

Calyx
in.,
Pod firm, glabrous, l$-l in.
Corolla 3 times the length of the calyx.
glabrous.

broad, at

forming a

first

circle or

more, the lower suture not at

all

waved.

P. lobatum,

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, 208 ; branchlets

or confined to general and partial petioles, pinnae 2, leaflets
glabrous, glands
4-6, calyx canipanulate, pod with the lower suture deeply lobed. Inga lobata,
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5280. I. attenuata, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5276. Mimosa
Jiringa, Jack in Hook* Bot. Misc. i. 282.
M. Kseringa, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 40
Fl. hid. ii. 543.
10.

Pegu, Tenasserim and Malacca. Distrib. Malay isles, Philippines.

A tall tree, with terete grey glabrous branchlets. Leaflets distinctly stalked,
acute, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, thirl but firm, flexible, glabrous and glossy on
both sides, the upper 4-6 in. long. Heads few-flowered, with 3-4 small spreading
lanceolate bracts at the base, fascicled on short peduncles in ample copious axillary
Calyx sessile, glabrous,
in.
Corolla 3 times calyx,
and terminal panicles.
glabrous.
Stamens \-+ in. Pod firmer than in its allies, 1-1 in. broad, lobed halfway down to the upper suture, into round divisions, which are hemispherical on the

face

when

the seed

is ripe.

** Leaflets numerous, more or

away

less

trapezoid through the lower border being cut

at the base.

11. P. subcoriaceum, Thwaites Enum. 100; branchlets subterete,

pinnae 6-12, leaflets very small obtuse or subacute, heads not at all or scarcely
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 96. P. anamallayanum, Bedd. Fl.
panicled, calyx subsessile.
Sylv. t. 189.

Western Peninsula; Anamallay

hills,

5-8000

ft.,

Wight, Beddome.

Ceylon,

Thwaites.

tree 30-40 ft. high, with branchlets clothed with dense brown pubescence. Leafrachis with 1-3 petiolar glands, and one midway between the insertion of each pair
of pinnae leaflets oblong-trapezoid, \-% in. long, rigidly coriaceous, glossy above,
densely pubescent below. Heads many -flowered, 1 in. diam., on 1-2-nate axillary
Calyx
in., brown-downy.
peduncles, the uppermost leaves reduced or suppressed.
Pod 3-4 in. long, coriaceous, twisted, 5-6
Corolla funnel-shaped, 3 times the calyx.
;

12. P. contortum, Mart. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, 210,
branchlets subterete, pinnae 6-12, leaflets 12-30 small obtuse, calyx sessile,
heads in ample panicles. Inga contorta, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5283.
I. Finlaysoniana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5284.
;

Penang, Singapore, Malacca.

Branchlets long and slender, densely clothed with dull brown pubescence. Leafrachis downy, with a small depressed petiolar gland and one below the upper pairs of
pinnae upper pinnae 4-6 in. long, lower much shorter, with fewer leaflets leaflets
^-f in. long, obtuse, with the upper and lower edge subparallel, subcoriaceous,
Panicles deltoid, axillary and terminal, with long slender weak
shortly pubescent.
Calyx
in., campanulate.
Corolla 3-4 times the
finely grey-downy branchlets.
Stamens twice the corolla. Pod ^ ft. by ^-f in., at first forming a double
calyx.
spiral, splitting open from the lower suture and very much twisted.
;

13. P. Clypearia, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 209; branchlets

acutely angular, pinnae 6-12, leaflets 12-24 middle-sized obtuse or acute, calyx
Inga Clypearia, Jack in Hook. Comp. Bot.
atalked, heads in ample panicles.
Mag. i. 224 Wall. Cat. 5270 A. Mimosa trapezifo'lia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 546.
Inga diraidiata, Hook, fy Am. Bot. Beech. 181.
VOL. TT.
X
;


306

l.

legumjnosjE.

(J.

G. Baker.)

[Pithecolobium.

Tenasserim, Penang, Malacca. Distrib. Malay isles, China.

Branches brown-pubescent, with raised lines decurrent from the branchlets. Lcafrachises acutely angled, with a conspicuous raised gland on the petiole, and one
between each pair of pinnae and leaflets upper pinnae 5-6 in. long lower much
shorter, with fewer leaflets upper leaflets 1-2 in. long, with the lower and upper
margin nearly parallel, rigidly subcoriaceous, glossy above, densely downy below;
lower becoming gradually smaller. Panicles axillary and terminal, with densely
Calyx campanulate, minute, 3-4 times
pubescent erecto-patent sulcate branchlets.
Stamens - in. Pod like that of P. contortum,
shorter than the whitish corolla.
but rather smaller.
;

montanum,

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 209 PI. Jungh.

P.
branchlets acutely angular, pinnae 12-18, leaflets 24-32 small acute or
subacute, calyx stalked, heads in ample panicles. P. falcifolium, Hassk, PL
Inga subfalcata, Zoll. in Flora, 1847, 706.
Jav. Bar. 418.
14.

269

Distrtb. Malay isles.

near P. Clypearia, with which it quite agrees in vestiture, glands, inflorescence, calyx and corolla.
Leaflets close, regular, ^-f in. long, with the midrib as in
P. Clypearia, carried from the lowest posterior to the upper anterior corner. Lower
Branchlets and leaves below clothed with
pedicels 2-3 times as long as the calyx.
dense short light brown silky pubescence.

Khasia, Mishmi.

Wry

15. P. ang'ulatum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1844, 208; branches

.angular, pinnae 4-6, leaflets 6-12 large acute, calyx stalked, heads in ample

Inga acutangula, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5271.

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40; Fl.Ind. ii. 545.
panicles.

Mimosa

heterophvlla,

East Himalayas and down the gulf

Distrib. Malay isles.

to Malacca.
with stout branchlets with a little fine brown pubescence. ic/-rachis
with a large gland at the base and one between each pair of pinnae and leaflets
lower pinnae and leaflets much shorter than the upper leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous,
oblong-trapezoid, slightly downy below, the upper 3-4' in. long. Panicles copious,
ample, axillary and terminal.
Calyx -^ in., campanulate. Corolla white, funnelshaped, 3-4 times the calyx.
Stamens $ in. Pod just like those of P. contortum and

tall tree,

Clypearia.

132.

INGA,

Willd.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves simply pinnate. Flowers in spikes or globose

Calyx a minute 3-toothed cup.
heads.
Corolla a cylindrical tube, shortly
3-toothed at the tip. Stamens indefinite, much exceeding the corolla, monadelphous more than half-way up the corolla anthers minute, with the pollen
agglomerated in masses.
Ovary sessile, few-ovuled; style subulate, stigma
minute, terminal. Pod linear, rigidly coriaceous, with the valves forcibly
'springing back and each suture expanded into a thick raised border.
Distrib.
A large American genus (140 species), of which we have a single unsatisfactory
representative, with the pod of Calliandra and simply pinnate leaf of Inga.
;

;1. I.
Fl. Sylv.

cynometroides,
t.

317

Bedd. MSS. Calliandra cynometroides, Bedd.

Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 537.

Hills of South Travancore, 3-4000 ft., Beddome.

middle-sized tree, with slender glabrous branchlets. Leaflets 2, sessile at the
apex of a very short petiole, rigidly subcoriaceous, venulose, oblique-oblong, subacute,
2-4 in. long. Flowers capitate, on short peduncles. Corolla | | in. long. Pod
essile, 3-4 in. by f- in. broad, rather decurved, narrowed to the base, 3-4-seeded,
with a short hooked beak, the valves glabrous, flat, margined all round with a thick
raised border.


rosacea.

li.

Order

(J.

D. Hooker.)

ROSACES.

LI.

(By

307

D. Hooker.)

J.

Herts, shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate, rarely opposite, simple or compound. Flowers usually bisexual and regular (very irregular in Chrysobalanece).
Calyx-tube free or adnate to the ovary, limb usually 6-lobed, often bracteolate,
Petals 5, rarely 0, inserted under the margin of the disk,
imbricate or valvate.
deciduous, usually imbricate. Disk lining the calyx-tube or forming a ring at
Stamens perigynous, indefinite (rarely 1, 5 or 10) in one or many
its base.
filaments subulate or filiseries, often connate and unilateral in Chrysobalanece
Ovary of one or more
form, usually incurved in bud anthers small, didymous.
free or connate carpels, with free or connate styles, which are basal, lateral or
subterminal stigmas simple, penicillate or capitate ; ovules 1 or more in each
Fruit variable, of achenes, or berries or drupes, rarely capsular. Seeds
carpel.
erect or pendulous, testa membranous or coriaceous, albumen 0; cotyledons
Distrib. About 1,000 species, found in all
large, plano-convex radicle short.
climates and countries, but chiefly in the temperate.
;

Chrtsobaxantjs Icaco, Linn. the Cocoa-plum of the West Indies

some parts of the Malabar Coast, but not frequently.
;

is

cultivated

free or adnate to the side of the calyx-tube.

A. Carpels

Chrysobalaneae. Flowers usually irregular. Carpel 1 ;

Radicle inferior.
ovules 2, ascending. Fruit a drupe.
Trees or
shrubs with simple quite entire leaves.
Tribe

style basal

I.

Stamens many,

Calyx-tube elongate.

Tribe

Stamens

2.

Fruneae.

II.

Ovary

1-celled

Carpel 1, rarely 2; style subRadicle superior.

Trees or shrubs

Calyx o-lobed. Petals 5, large, glabrous. Carpel solitary

Calyx 5-10-toothed. Petals 5-8, minute or 0. Carpels 1 or 2.
Drupe erect, fleshy, with a bony stone
Calyx 5-10-toothed; Petals 5, minute or 0. Carpel 1. Drupe

3.

4.

erect, coriaceous

Calyx 5-lobed.

Petals

Carpel

5.

1.

Drupe

Tribe

III.

Maddexia.

5.

Pygeum.

6.

Prinsepia.

Flowers regular.

Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens

ovules 2 or more, pendulous.
Shrubs, rarely herbs, with entire or serrate simple or com-

Carpels 1-8

Radicle superior.

pound

Spiraeae.

Prtjntts.

inverted, style

sub-basilar

10 or more.

Parinarium.
Parastemon.

2.

Flotvers regular.

terminal, 'rarely basal ovules 2, pendulous.

with simple usually serrated leaves.

2-

....1.

Calyx-tube short.

Ovary

unilateral.

locellate

styles ventral or basal

leaves.
7.

SRIR.EA.

/\AmL*
^^^^

Tribe IV. Xlubeae. Flowers regular.

Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens
Carpels many ; styles sub-basal or ventral ovules 2, collateral
very numerous.
pendulous. Fruit of many dry or fleshy carpels not included in the calyx-tube.
Radicle superior. Usually shrubs, with often compound leaves.
;

8.

Tribe V. Potentilleae.

Flowers regular.

Rubus.

Calyx usually bracteolate.

Stamens usually numerous, rarely few.

Carpels 1 or more; style short or

ovule solitary, ascending. Fruit of many
achenes, not included in the calyx-tube.
Radicle superior. Herbs or small
shrubs with various leaves.

much prolonged

after flowering

x 2

3*3

308

rosacea.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

bracteolate.
Stamens many. Styles elongated after
flowering
9. Getjm.
Calyx bracteolate. Stamens many. Styles not elongating.
.
.
Ripe carpels seated on a fleshy receptacle
.10. Frag aria.
Calyx bracteolate. Stamens 4 or more. Styles not elongating.
11. Poikntilla.
Ripe carpels seated on an elevated dry receptacle
Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens 5. Styles not elongating. Ripe
.12. Chamjerhopos.
.
.
.
carpels seated on the base of the calyx

Calyx

B. Carpels adnate to the tube of the calyx, or, if free, included wholly
within it.
Teibe VI. Poterieae. Flowers regular, sometimes apetalous. Cah/.rCarpels 1-3 style terminal ovule
tube often urceolate. Stamens 1 or more.
1.
Achene sunk in the calyx-tube. Herbs or small shrubs.
:

Calyx 4-6-bracteolate, or 8-10-1 2-fid.

ovule ascending
Calyx 5-lobed or spinous.
dulous

Petals

Carpel 1;

0.
.

Petals

5.

Carpels 2-3

.13.

Calyx 5-lobed, ebracteolate.

pendulous

Tribe VII.

Petals

Carpels 1-3

5.

14.

Agrimonia.

15.

Poterfum.

ovule

Rose 83.

Axchkmilla.

ovule pen

Flowers regular.

Calyx-tube urceolate.
Petals 5.
Stamens very numerous. Carpels many, free; ovule 1, pendulous. Achenes
included in the fleshy calyx-tube. Shrubs, leaves compound.

1G.

Tribe VIII. Neuradeae. Flowers

flowering and becoming confluent with the
free, or

connate into a 6-10-valved fruit

Rosa.

Calyx-tube enlarged after

carpels. Stamens 10.
Carpels 5-10 r
ovule 1, pendulous. Herbs.
regular.

17.

Nelrada.

Tribe IX.

Floivers regular.
Calyx-tube (or top of the peduncle) becoming
fleshy after flowering and enclosing the carpels. Stamens numerous. Ovules 2 or
more, ascending. Fruit a pome, berry, or a drupe, with the 2-5 bony or coriaceous 1-2-seeded stones. Shrubs or trees.

Ovary

5-celled

cells

3- or

more

-ovuled.

Cells of ovary many-ovuled

Cells of ovary 3-ovuled
*

17*Cydonia.
18.

Docynia.

Ovary 2-5-celled cells 2-ovuled.

Flowers panicled. Ovary 5-celled
:

#
.
.19. Ertobotrya,
.
,
Flowers corymbose or fascicled.
Ovary 5-celled. Fruit a pome or berry
.
.20. Pyrus.
Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit 2-3-celled, endocarp thin; testa
21. Photinia.
coriaceous
Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit 2-3-celled, endocarp thin testa
.

thick reticulately lacunose

Ovary
Ovary

.
<

Drupe with 5 dehiscent stones

2-5-celled.
Drupe with 1-5 bony stones.

5-celled.

.22.
.23.

Leaves

cut toothed or serrate

Ovary

2-5-celled.

Potththijea.

Stranv^esia.

24. Crat^gits.

Drupe with 2-5 bony stones.

Leaves
25. Cotoneaster.

quite^entire

FARXNARXUXH,

Juss.

Leaves simple, alternate, evergreen, quite entire. Flmvers hermaTrees.

Calyx-tube
phrodite, in corymbose racemes, 2- bracteolate, white or pink.
oblong camjanulate turbinate or funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, subequal, imbricate.


Parinarium.']

Li.

ROSACEA.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

309

Stamens G-oo filaments united into an

Petals 5, sessile or clawed, deciduous.
incomplete ring at the base, or connate into an unilateral bundle, all perfect or
some without anthers. Carpels 1 (rarely 2), adnate to one side of the calyxstyle basal, filiform ; ovules 2 collateral or 1 erect.
Drupe
tube, 1-2-celled
spherical oblong obovoid or ovoid, with a 1-2-celled 1-2-seeded coriaceous
woody or bony stone. Seeds erect, testa membranous, cotyledons large fleshy,
radicle small inferior.
Distrib. About 40 species, natives of the tropics of
both worlds.
,

The Indian species of Parinarium are very imperfectly known and are probably
referable to several genera distinguishable by their fruit more than by any floral
Of these, P. costatum, polyneurum, oblong ifolium and multijloruni, may
character.
form one genus with a 2-celled 2-seeded drupaceous fruit and short stamens.
P. nitidum another, with 1 -celled hardly drupaceous coriaceous fruit and short
stamens and P. asperidum a third, with a globose 1 -celled very hard drupe,
glabrous, containing a solitary large glabrous seed with a solid ruminated embryo. The seeds of P. indicum and travancoricum are unknown. P. Jackiannm,
Benth. (Petrocarya excelsa, Jack), must, if Jack's account of the drupe being included
in the enlarged calyx and having superposed cells be correct, constitute a fourth
;

genus.

SuBGEN. 1. Grymania, Presl, (Gen.) Leaves eglandular or 2-glandular

at the base. Stamens equalling or shorter than the calyx-lobes, forming an
imperfect ring. Drupe oblong or obovoid with a very thick 2-celled stone,
the cells lined with soft wool.
*

Leave* eglandular at the base, grey or dirty white beneath, with numerous
Stamens 6-10, singularly inserted.

stout veins.
1.

P. costatum, Blume

2-4

leaves

in.

elliptic-oblong

obtusely

acuminate shining above, base acute, nerves 8-10 pair, petiole rather slender.
Miquel Fl. Ind. Pat. i. part 1, 354.
?P. Suniatranuni, Benth. in Hook.
Niger Flora, 335. Miquel I. c. 353.
Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 433.
Petrocarya smnatrana, Jack, Mai. Misc. ii. 67.
Peninsula, Malacca, and Government Hill, Penang, Maingoy.
Distrib. Sumatra.
tree 15 feet (in Penang).
Branches slender bark pale in the Malacca specimens, dark with minute lenticels in the Penang one petiole 3-5 in. Panicle effu.se,
much branched, clothed with soft tomentum branches slender bracts oblongFlowers i in. long, shortly pedicelled.
lanceolate.
Calyx-tube clothed within with
long deflexed hairs; tube longer than the lobes. Petals obovate, ciliate, equalling
the- calyx-lobes.
Carpels 2 ovaries densely tomentose.
Fruit (of Penang specimen)
f-l in. long, rounded at the apex, when dry minutely wrinkled and covered with
white scurfy spots. Seeds not seen. But for the smaller leaves with more acuminate
points, they agree with P. sumatranum, Benth.
I have seen no specimen of Blume's
P. costatum.

Eastern

.?

Burma, Kurz.

polyneurum,

2. P.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 306 ; leaves 4-8 in.
elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate shining above, base rounded, nerves 12-16
pair, petiole rather slender.

Malacca,

Maingay (Kew

Herb., 622).
Distrib. Sumatra.
P. costatum, differing in the form and size of the leaves and
number of nerves ; the inflorescence and flower are very similar indeed the bark of
the branches is black with numerous lenticels, which is hardly the case in the
Sumatran specimens.
Griffith

A larger plant than

3.

P. oblong-ifolium, Hook.f.

leaves

6-10

in.

oblong or linear-oblong


310

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Parinarium.

obtuse shining: above, base rounded and cordate, nerves 20-30 pair, petiole very
stout.

Malacca,

Griffith,

Maingay {Herb. Kew,

623).

very near to the two former, differing only in the shape and size of the
I cannot doubt but that one of these three
leaves, their petiole and nervation.
is a form of the P. sumatranum, Bth. (Petrocarta, Jack).
This

is

** Leaves 2-glandular at the base, glabrous and shining on both surfaces.

Stamens 20-30.
4. P. Griffithianum, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 334 ; leaves ellipticP. multiflorum, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part i.
lanceolate caudate-acuminate.
356. Maranthes multiflora, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 259, t. 70.

Eastern Peninsula. Tenasserim or Andaman Islands, Heifer; Malacca, Griffith,

Distrib. Borneo.
Branches stout, with black bark. Leaves 5-6 in., narrowed into the short petiole
nerves much arched. Panicles shortly peduncled, closely corymbose, with stout
branches and pedicels bracts very deciduous. Flower % in. diam. Calyx hoary ;.
tube obconic, gibbous, glabrous within except near the ovary; lobes orbicular,
Petals obovate-orbicular, glabrous, equalling the calyx-lobes.
Stamens
linear.
20-30 ; filaments united above the base into a coriaceous short tube which is open
Ovary tomentose style short, curved ; stigma
and toothed opposite the ovary.
Drupe 1-1 in. long, cylindric-obovoid or subclavate, hoary, 2-celled;
capitate.
Differs from the Javanese P. corymboswm in tiie
cells stuffed with brown soft wool.
hoary calyx; and from the Philippine Island P. salicifolium, Benth. (Grymania,

Maingay.

Presl). in the foliage.

Sttbgen. II. Leaves eglandular at the base. Stamens shorter than the
Drupe small, obovoid, with a thin
calyx-lobes, irregularly united into a ring.
Cotyledons amygdaloid.
1-celled endocarp lined with hairs.

nitidum,

Hook. f. ; branches and leaves quite glabrous, leaves

5. P.
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate narrowed into the very short
petiole polished on both surfaces.

Distrib. Borneo.
Griffith, Maingay (Herb. Kew 619).
small tree (Griffith), branchlets slender. Leaves 3-4 in., coriaceous, very acute
at the base, polished on both surfaces, especially above nerves very slender, much
arched petiole in. stipules subulate, Panicles axillary and terminal, hoary,
in., very shortly
narrow, with rather short spreading branches. Flowers small,
pedi celled. Calyx-tvhc obconic, pubescent within; lobes short and rounded. Petals very
Stamens 5-7, filaments united into a short ring that is
small, obovate, tomentose.
Carpel (1-celled, Griff.) inserted almost at the base of
toothed opposite the ovary.
the calyx-tube, villous. Drupe obovoid, - in. long, yellow, smooth, glabrous.

Malacca,

Stamens
Subgen. IIL. Leaves eglandular or 2-glandular at the base.
longer than the calyx-lobes, unilateral. Drupe large, globose, woody, glabrous
within unknown in P. indicum and travancoricum.
;

Leaves eglandular at the

base.

P. asperulum, Miq.

Fl. Lnd. Bat. Suppl. 307 ; branches and leaves

quite glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate, flowers in
short stout tomentose thyrsoid spikes.
6.

Distrib. Sumatra.
Griffith. Maingay (Herb. Kew, 618).
Branches black, slender, and leaves glabrous. Leaves 3-4 in., suddenly con^tracted to the obtuse point, shining above and covered sometimes with minute raised
points, base rounded nerves about 10 pair, very slender with intermediate reticu
Spikes 2-4 in. long, the very stout angular peduncle
lations
petiole very short.

Malacca,

;;;

Tarinarivm.']

li.

rosacea.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

311

soft yellowish tomentum

bracts oblong, obtuse.
in. long. Calyx-tube clavate, gibbous, clothed with silky hairs
lobes broadly ovate, obtuse.
outside, and with long deflexed hairs inside
Petals
obovate, sessile, nearly glabrous.
Stamens 12-15, in. long, circinnately incurved,
united at the base into a unilateral ring which is deficient opposite the single carpel.
Ovary densely woolly, imperfectly 2-celled; style very long and slender, stigma
minute. Drupe the size of a small apple, spherical, very hard outer surface rough
and rust-coloured endocarp in. thick, bony cavity smooth with a furrow down one
side and a few very stout sparingly branched raised veins.
Seed large, testa thin
embryo with the cotyledons consolidated into a ruminated mass.

and rachis densely clothed with

Flowers

sessile,

** Leaves

obscurely 2-glandular at the base.

P. indicum, Bedd.

Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 109 ; Flor. Syluat. t, 191

leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, nerves 8-10 pair, racemes tomentose.
Entosiphon, Bedd. in Mad. Journ. Lift. Ser. 3. i. 44.
7.

Western Peninsula; Wynad,

in moist woods, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome.

middling sized tree. Leaves 8-9 by 3 in., slightly undulate ; nerves strong
beneath, much arched petiole very short. Racemes axillary and terminal, simple,
Calyxstout, rarely divided at the base.
Flowers shortly pedicelled, ^-f in. long.
tube campanulate
lobes ovate, acute.
Petals ovate, sessile, shorter than the calyxlobes.
Stamens 12-15, unilateral, twice as long as the calyx -lobes. Ovary hairy,

2-celled.

8.

P. travancoricum, Bedd.

Ic.

PL

Ind. Or.

t.

189

leaves lanceolate

glabrous, nerves 12-16 pair, racemes silky.

"Western Peninsula, near Courtallum, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome.

A small graceful tree, young parts grey, silky branchlets very slender. Leaves
4-5 by 1-1 5 in., obtusely acuminate; margins waved; nerves beneath silky when
young, finally glabrous petiole very short. Bacemes 1-2 in., few-flowered, simple
Calyx-tube campanuor branched at the base, drooping, silky. Flowers in. long.
;

late

Petals broadly ovate, obtuse, equalling or exceeding the

Stamens 10-12, unilateral, filaments three times as long as the calyx-

lobes ovate, acute.

calyx -lobes.

Ovary hairy,

lobes.

2-celled.

DOUBTFUL, EXCLUDED AND IMPERFECTLY

KNOWN

SPECD3S.

consists of branches with leaves only

P. Wallichianum, Wall. Cat. 7520
of a most conspicuous J plant from Sincapore, which I suspect is a Dipterocarpus.
Branchlets very stout and leaves beneath clothed most densely with appressed
leaves 8-14 by 3-6 in., oblong, abruptly
snow-white almost silvery tomentum
nerves 30-35 pair, spreading
acuminate, rounded at the base, quite entire
upper surface shining petiole very short and stout stipules sheathing, 1 in. long,
lofty tree ( Wallich).
membranous. Sincapore.
;

branchlets slender clothed with soft rusty tomentum.

elliptic-oblong acuminate membranous white and downy beneath, nerves
about 12 pair, flowers minute in small softly tomentose panicles, calyx-tube shortly
campanulate, stamens 6-7. P. sumatranum, Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 433, not

P. Helferi, Hook. f.

leaves

o/Benth.?
Tenasserim, Heifer.
Leaves 3-4 in., base rounded or acute petiole and midrib beneath when young
whole undersurfaee clothed with loese snow-white
clothed with rusty soft wool
tomentum when young, hoary when old nerves spreading, slender. Panicle 1 in.
Flowers j$ in., very shortly pedicelled.
Calyx-lobes short, rounded.
long.
Stamens equalling the calyx-lobes. I have seen but one
Petals very small, ovate.
;

specimen.
P.

species, apparently allied to

P:

Helferi, collected

by

Griffith

on hills

312

rosacea.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Parasiemon.

Palor in Mergui; it has broadly linear-oblong leaves 5-7 in., quite glabrous
and shining above with 8-10 pairs of very oblique nerves, undersurface also glabrous
except the puberulous midrib and nerves petiole stout, tomentose. Flowers minute,
in very small axillary racemes, densely tomentose, too young to discern their parts.
at

P. ? Jackianum, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flor. 335 (Petrocarya excelsa, Jack, in

Mai. Misc. ii. 66 J 'a large tree, leaves oblong acuminate glabrous, racemes ferruginous and tomentose strict erect sparingly branched, stamens 11 unilateral twice
as long as the petals, drupe enclosed in the enlarged calyx and adnate to it, nuts
smooth 1 -celled, with an abortive cell usually above the fertile, embryo cylindric'
Malaya, Jack. But for the description of the fruit, this might be P. asperulum, Miq.
;

Pabinabium dillenifolium, R. Br. in Wall.

Cat.

7520 (Petrocarya

dillenifolia,

Steud.), is Dipterocarpus cornutus, Dyer.

Balz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 32.

ii. 479
from Mozambique, and called Matomba by the Portuguese,
imperfectly known and should be ascertained.
P. excelsum, G. Bon, Gen. Syst. Gard.

A
is

tree introduced at G-oa

2.

PARASTEMON,i.i).C.

shrub or small tree. Leaves simple, alternate, evergreen, quite entire.

Fkncers polygamo-dicecious, minute, racemose, ebracteolate. Calyx-tube shortly
Petals 5 (or 6), oblong, deciduous.
canipanulate ; lobes 5, imbricate.
Stamens
Carpel 1, adnate to one side of the calyx-tube, 1-celled ;
2 perfect, unilateral.
Fruit oblong, coriaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded,
style basilar; ovules 2, erect.
Seed erect, testa membranous pubescent ; cotyledons fleshy, radicle
indehiscent.
inferior, plumule hairy.
1.

"belia

P. urophyllum, A. B.C.
urophylla, Wall. Cat. 2309.

in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. xviii. 208.

Oelastrus racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4320.

Em-

Sincapobe,
Eastern Peninsula
Wallich ; Malacca, Griffith,
Maingay ;
Tenassebim or Andaman Islands, Heifer. Distbib. Borneo.
Quite glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in., elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate,
shining, narrowed at the base into the very short petiole
nerves faint. Racemes
slender, axillary, equalling the leaves, rarely branched at the base bracts concave, at
the base of the pedicel. Flowers
in. diam., shortly pedicelled.
Fruit % in. long,
ellipsoid, quite smooth and glabrous.

3.

PBUNUS, Linn.

Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire or serrate or crenate

or glandular-serrulate ; petiole often 2-glandular. Flowers white or red, soliCalyx deciduous in fruit; lobes 5,
tary fascicled corymbose or racemed.
Stamens 15-60, perigynous, inserted in the mouth of the
Petals 5.
imbricate.
Carpel 1 ; style terminal
calyx-tube, filaments free.
ovules 2, collateral,
pendulous. Drupe with an indehiscent or 2-valved, 1-seeded, smooth, or
rugged stone. Seed pendulous, testa membranous or coriaceous, albumen scanty
or 0. Distrib. N. temp, regions, rare in the tropics ; species 80.

Shrubs or

trees.

The scented kernels of the European and West Asiatic P. Mahaleb, L., are sold
N.W. India, and the tree is cultivated in Beluchistan, and probably

in the bazaars of

occurs on the N.W. frontier ; it is a small tree of the Cerasus section, with ovate
crenate leaves, fragrant flowers in peduncled corymbose racemes, and ovoid drupes

in. long.

Amygdalus.

Sect. I.
usually pubescent

Drupe

Leaves conduplicate in bud.

stone bony, rugged.

Flowers subsessile.


Prunus.]

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

313

P. amygdalus, Baill. ; leaves appearing after the flowers oblong-lanceolate serrulate, petiole glandular as long as the leaf is broad or longer, stipules fimbriate,
flowers peduncled, calyx campanulate, pericarp 2-valved. Brandis For. Flor. 190.

Amygdalus communis, Linn.; Roxb.

Fl. Ind.
Cultivated in the cooler parts of India.

ii.

500.

The almond.

P. persica, Benth. $ Hook. f. Gen. Plant, i. 609 ; leaves appearing after or with the
flowers oblong-lanceolate serrate, petiole glandular or not snorter*than the leaf is
broad, stipules fimbriate, flowers sessile, calyx campanulate, pericarp indehiscent.
Brandis For. Flor. 191. Amygdalus persica, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 500. A. collinus, Wall. Cat. 723.
Persica vulgaris, Miller. ? P. saligna, Royle El. 204 (name
only). The peach. Wall. Cat. 7120.
Cultivated in the cooler parts of India up to 10,000 ft. in the N.W. Himalaya.
:

The

nectarine

is

a form with glabrous and the peach with downy pericarp.

Sect. II. Armeniaca. Leaves convolute in bud. Floioers sessile or

peduncled. Drupe large, indehiscent, downy'; stone bony, smooth.
leaves appearing after or with the flowers broadly ovate
P. armeniaca, Linn.
acuminate crenate, petiole glandular, stipules lanceolate, flowers shortly peduncled,
calyx campanulate, stone with a thickened grooved margin. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 501.
Brand. For. Flor. 191. The apricot.
Cultivated and almost naturalised in N.W. India up to 10,000 ft., and in Tibet."
;

Var. dasycarpa, the black-fruited apricot, is also cultivated in Kashmir. Brandis

Thomson's Kashmir specimens (cultivated at 5-7,000 ft.) have peduncles longer
than the calyx-tube.
I. c.

Sect. III.

Cerasus.

cled or umbelled.
*

Leaves conduplicate in bud. Floioers solitary fasv6Calyx-tube sh jrt or long. Drupe glabrous, not glaucous.

Flowers appearing with the

leaves,

P. Avium, Linn.
roots without suckers, leaves flaccid drooping oblong-obovate
acutely serrate pubescent beneath, petiole long 2-glandular, flower fascicled longpedicelled, flowering buds leafless, calyx-tube urceolate constricted at the top, lobes
entire, petals flaccid spreading almost obcordate, fruit sweet or bitter, stone smooth.
P. Cerasus o, Brandis For. Flor. 193. Sweet cherry or gean.
Cultivated in the N. W. Himalaya up to 8000 ft., and almost naturalised.
;

P. Cerasus, Linn.
roots with many suckers, leaves erect firm shining crenateserrate glabrous beneath, petiole short eglandular, flowers fascicled long-pedicelled,
flowering buds leafy, calyx-tube campanulate not constricted at the top, lobes crenate, petals erect stiff tip rounded, fruit acid, stone smooth.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
501. P. caproniana, DC. Prodr. ii. 536. Wild cherry.
Cultivated in the N. W. Himalaya up to 8000 ft.
;

1. P. prostrata, Labill. ; Boiss. Flor. Orient,, ii. 648 ; leaves small ellipticor ovate-oblong obtuse serrate glabrous above white and tomentose beneath,
flowers solitary or fascicled subsessile, calyx-tube cylindric, fruit small almost
Brandis Far. Flor. 193 ; Sibth. Flor. Grcec. t. 478. Bot. Reg. t. 136.
dry.

Western temperate Himalaya from

Jacquemont, Falconer,

etc.

Distrib.

the Sutlej westwards, alt. 5-10,000 ft.,

to Spain, ascending to 12,000 ft. in

Westward

Afghanistan.
scraggy shrub 5-6 ft. ; branches hoary, spreading, suberect or prostrate.
Leaves -1 in., usually snowy white beneath, rarely green, narrowed into the short
eglandular petiole. Flowers red, on lateral buds, appearing with the leaves. Calyxtube \ in., cylindric, glabrous or pubescent
limb with 5 oblong obtuse entire lobes.
Petals orbicular-obovate, longer than the calyx, rosy.
Stametis much shorter. Fruit
I in., ovoid or subglobose, red-purple, flesh scarcely eatable.

314

(J.D.Hooker.)

rosacea.

li.

[Prunus.

2. P. tomentosa, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 203 ; branchlets tomentose, leaves

shortly petioled orbicular-ovate acuminate crenate-serrate sparingly hairy above
densely and softly so beneath, flowers solitary pedicelled) calyx-tube shortly
cylindric glabrous.
P. trichocarpa, Bunge, En. Plant. Chin. Bor. 96 ; Sieb. Sf
Zucc. Fl. Japon. t. 22 ; Cerasus tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 715.

North "West Himalaya Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft. Thomson. Western Tibet,
Ladak, Moorcroft. Distrib. N. China.
A shrub, with slender spreading branches. Leaves l-l in., membranous,
almost velvety beneath, base rounded, tip sometimes prolonged petiole very short,
eglandular, tomentose ; stipules slender, laciniate. Flowers axillary. Calyx-tube \ in.
Petals small. Fruit ellipsoid, young hairy
lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire.
pointed, ripe obtuse compressed.

3.

P. rufa,

Wall. Cat. 721 (Cerasus)

young branches densely tomentose,

leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate serrate glabrate, petiole

eglandular pubescent, flowers axillary solitary or fascicled, calyx-tube urceolate
glabrous,
P. ferruginea, Wall. MSS.
Central

10-12,000

and

ft.

J.

Eastern temperate Himalaya,

Bhotan, Griffith.
D. H.

Nepal,

Sikkim,

Wallich:

alt.

A small tree, 15-20 ft., branchlets woody. Leaves 1-4 in., narrowed into the
short petiole, very sharply serrate, midrib puberulous above pubescent or glabrate
beneath nerves reticulated petiole ^ in. bud-scales linear, membranous, glandular-serrate
stipules filiform laciniate.
Flowers pink peduncles glabrous, longer
than the petioles. Calyx-tube in., ventricose at the base, then contracted, mouth
spreading, lobes broad short subacute crenulate. Petals small, orbicular. Fruit
ellipsoid, on stout lengthened pedicels, red, fleshy, stone rugged.
;

** Flowers appearing before the leaves.

dwarf, leaves small elliptic or obovate

4. P. Jacquemontii, Hook. f.
acute sharply serrate glabrous or minutely puberulous beneath, petiole eglanduAmygdalus humilis, Edgiv.
lar, stipules setaceous, drupe globose, stone smooth.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 44, not of Bunge.
;

alt.

Western Himalaya;
9000 ft., Edgworth

in the

Tibetan

Niti, 11,500

ft.,

region, Jacquemont.
Gttrwhal, Malari,
Strachy and Winterbottom. Kunawur, alt.

12,000 ft., T. Thomson.

Branches strict, slender, divaricating, glabrous, or puberulous in the leaf axils and
Leaves 1 in., variable in breadth, from linear-oblong to rhomboid-obovate
buds.
but usually elliptic, narrowed into the short petiole, rather coriaceous nerves nearly
straight, very oblique
petiole puberulous.
{Calyx-tube glabrous except at the base
within
lobes short, crenulate.
Petals short, obovate.
Ovary glabrous, Edgw.)
Drupe very shortly pedicelled, fleshy in Jacquemont's specimen, dry globose and
cuspidate in Thomson's, stone smooth.
I refer this doubtfully to the section with the flowers appearing before the leaves
the specimens being in fruit only. This is the species mentioned by Brandis (For.
Flor. 194, under P. Puddum) as P. humilis, Bunge, of China, and found from the
Chenab to the Jumna, but it differs much from Bunge's humilis in the very short peduncles, and much coarser serratures of the leaves.
Edgworth gave it the name of
Amygdalus humilis, without reference to Bunge's species of Prunus of that name.
;

Puddum,

Roxb. MSS. in Herb. Wall. ; arboreous, leaves ovate- or

5. P.
oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate sharply serrate, petiole 2-4-glandular,
flowers solitary fascicled or umbelled, calyx-tube narrowly campanulate, petals
obovate or linear-oblong. Branded For. Flor. 194 Kurz, For. Flor. Brit.
Burm., i. 434. P. cerasoides, Don, Prodr. 239. P. sylvatica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
501. Cerasus Puddum, Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 37, t. 143 Cat. 714. O. Phoshia,
Ham. in Don, Prodr. 239.
;

Primus.]

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

Temperate Himalaya from Gcrwhal, alt. 3-6000

5-S000 ft. Burma, East of Bhamo, Kurz.
;

ft.

to

315-

Sikkim and Bhotan,

alt.

large tree, of brilliant appearance in flower, glabrous except the puberulous

young shoots. Leaves 3-5 in., variable in length and breadth, often doubly serrate,
Flowers rose
glabrous ; petiole slender, |- in. ; stipules long, subulate, laciniate.
red or white, from lateral buds clothed with concave rounded glabrous scales peduncles -1 in., often subcymose, connate at the base or almost umbellate.
Calyx-tube
$ in., glabrous lobes ovate, acute, quite entire. Drupe oblong or ellipsoid, obtuse
at both ends ; flesh scanty yellow or reddish, acid ; stone bony rugose and furrowed.
Allied to the C. pseudocerasus, of Japan. In Sikkim the ovary is often (from insect
;

puncture) enlarged into a fusiform pale smooth fleshy body 2 inches long gradually
narrowed into the elongate filiform style.

Prunus

Sect. IV.
proper. Leaves convolute in bud, appearing after the
Floivers solitary or fascicled.
Calyx-tube short.
Drupe glabrous,
usually glaucous.

flowers.

communis,

Hu^ds. ; var. insititia ; shrubby, unarmed or spinous,

6. P.
leaves obovate ovate or ovate-lanceolate serrulate obtuse acute or cuspidate,
nerves hairy beneath, peduncles solitary or in pairs, calyx-tube obconic, drupe
globose or ovoid drooping. Brand. For. Floi: 192. P. insititia, Linn. ; P.
bokhariensis, and P. aloocha, Royle III. 205 (names only),

Western temperate Himalaya; cultivated or indigenous from Gurwhal to

Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft. ('truly wild,' T. Thomson).
This,. Thomson who gathered it in Kashmir, considers to be the common yellow
fruited bullace
its fruit is eatable, and I see no character whereby to distinguish
I have seen no specimens of Boyle's P. aloocha and bokhariensis,
it from that plant.
but have no reason to doubt that they are referable to this. A dark blue damson,
probably P. communis, var. domestica, and an orange red larger one, are stated by
Madden (As. Soc. Journ. xvii. part i. 445), to be cultivated about Almorah.
;

Fl. 2nd. ii. 501 (trifolia) shrubby,

7. P. triflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38
unarmed, leaves oblanceolate crenulate shortly acuminate nerves glabrous be;

neath, peduncles usually in threes, calyx-tube turbinate, drupes ovoid cordiform.

Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 434 Wall. Cat. 720.
;

Ava

Hills, Kurz. Distrib. China.

A bushy tree, with blackish bark, everywhere glabrous. Leaves 2-4 in., recurved,
petiole slender
eglandular at the base, equitant in bud
stipules gland-ciliate.
Flowers small, white, very regularly in threes from the buds ; peduncle in.
Petals in.,
Calyx-lobes longer than the tube, ovate, acute, margins glandular.
broadly obovate. Ovary ovoid, stigma large. Drupe purple, glaucous, grooved on one
side pulp reddish yellow.
I have taken the characters from Boxburgh and Kurz.
;

Sect. V. Laurocerasus.
lary or terminal many-flowered
glaucous or not.

Leaves conduplicate in bud. Floivers in axilracemes.

Calyx-tube short, obconic. Drupe

* Leaves deciduous.

leaves oblong-obovate or -lanceolate acuminate,

8. P. Padus, Linn
sharply closely serrulate, base rounded or cordate, nerves 10-20 pair, petiole often
eglandular, racemes elongate pendulous, flowers ^-^ in. diam., stamens 30-40,
drupe | in. diam. globose, stone rugose. Brandis Fo?: Flor. 194. Cerasus cornuta, Wall. Cat. 716 and 717 inpdrt \ Royle III. 207, t. 38, f. 2.
;

Temperate Himalaya, from Murree, alt. 6-9500, to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000

Distrib. Westward to Great Britain, and Siberia to Kamtschatka.

and Bhotan.

ft.,

316

li.

rosacea.

(J.

[Prunus.

D. Hooker.)

A small

nearly glabrous tree, with young parts sparingly pubescent. Leaves very
in., usually oblong-lanceolate with a cordate base, serratures often
double very close-set; nerves often with hairs in the axils beneath, under-surface not
glaucous ; nerves spreading, slightly arched ; petiole -1 in., slender, glands small or
Racemes from the axils of fallen leaves or
stipules linear, membranous, caducous.
terminating lateral leaf-branchlets, 4-10 in. long, drooping; peduncle and rachis glabrous pubescent or tomentose pedicels \ in. bracts linear, caducous. Flowers white.
Calyx-tube hemispheric or turbinate lobes rounded, obtuse, gland-toothed. Petals
orbicular, concave.
Drupe acid, the size of a large pea stone thick, rugged, Wallich's name of cornuta alludes to a diseased (by insects) condition of the ovary, which
becomes elongate curved and fusiform as in P. Puddum. Foliage red in autumn.
variable,

4-6

9.

P. nepalensis,

Ser. in

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

540 (Oerasus)

leaves lanceo-

acuminate crenate-serrate glaucous beneath, nerves

16-20 pairs, base usually acute, petiole eglandular, racemes elongate, drupe
globose, stone smooth in. diam. Cerasus glaucifolia, Wall. Cat. 717. C. Lindlate or oblong-lanceolate

leyana, Wall. Cat. 1008.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kuhmaon, alt. 6000 ft. to Sikkim alt. 7-10.000 ft.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft.
Very difficult to distinguish from P. Padus except by the fruit, which is more
than twice as large, with a quite smooth thick-walled stone leaves usually glaucous
beneath and acute at the base, serratures far less sharp and more distant calyx
;

lobes shorter.
10. P. undulata, Ham. in Don Prodr. 239 ; leaves membranous oblong-lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate glabrous, nerves 6-10 pair, petiole
usually eglandular, racemes slender, flowers in. diam., stamens 15-20, drupe
globose pointed, stone smooth \ in. P. adenophylla, Wall. MSS. Cerasus undulata, er. MSJS. in DC. Prodr. ii. 540.
O. capricida, Wall. Cat. 718.

Temperate Himalaya from Ktjmaon

Khasia Mts., Griffith.

6-8000

alt.

ft.

to

Sikxim

alt.

8-12,000

ft.,

and Bhotan.

Branches slender, quite glabrous.

Leaves variable, usually 2-3 in., oblonglanceolate but often larger and almost linear-lanceolate, base acute or rounded, membranous and undulate when dry; nerves 8-10 pair, slender, spreading and arched;
glands
or 1 or 2 at the base of the leaf, rarely on the slender petioles.
Racemes
usually more slender than in the two preceding species, glabrous or puberulous.
Flowers white. Calyx-tube glabrous, lobes glabrous or ciliate. Stamens short. Drupe
with a thin-walled smooth stone. Foliage of this is often like that of P. nepalensis,
but has usually fewer veins, and the small flowers and drupes well distinguish it
"Wallich observes that the foliage is poisonous to goats.

** Foliage persistent.
11. P. martabanica, Wall. Cat. 4902 (Cerasus ?) ; glabrous except the
pubescent racemes, leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire
smooth, nerves very faint, racemes fascicled stout short, petals small orbicular,
stamens very numerous. Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burin, i. 434.

Eastern Peninsula Mabtaban, Wallich ; Mergui, Griffith ; Andaman and TaNASSEBIM, KurZ.
Branchlets quite glabrous. Leaves 5-7 in. long, coriaceous, very smooth on both
surfaces, shining above, base rounded nerves 6-8 pair, arched, very slender petiole
- in., slender, eglandular. Racemes 1-7 in., usually on the old wood ; peduncle and
rachis strict pedicels ^ in., stout. Flowers \ in. diam.
Calyx-tube obconic, coriaceous lobes erect, ovate, obtuse. Petals small, orbicular. Stamens 60-80 in many
;

Ovary glabrous, style long, exserted Drupe \\ in. long, cylindric oblong,
pointed, apparently dry
stone thin- walled, smooth. Foliage like that of P. Javaseries.

Prumis.]

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

317

Kurz however refers to this

nica, Miq., but calyx very different and drupe larger.
both P.javnnica and Jung huhniana of Miquel (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 52, and

Andaman

Reports, ed.

37).

ii.

12. P. acuminata, Wall. PL As. Rar. ii. 78, t. 181 (Cerasus); glabrous
throughout, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire or remotely serrate,
racemes axillary solitary or fascicled very slender, petals oblong, stamens about
Wall. Cat. 719. 0. integerrima, Wall. Cat. 722.
15.

Temperate Central and Eastern Himalaya, from Nepal and Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft.,
Mishmi. Khasia Mts. alt. 4000 ft.
A tree 30-40 ft. branches slender. Leaves 4-7 in., flat, smooth on both surfaces, hardly shining above, base rounded or acute, sometimes dotted beneath with
minute glands, or glands or few and scattered nerves 8-10 pair, obliquely ascendpetiole \ in., eglandular stipules linear.
ing, slender but evident
Racemes 3-5 in.,
suberect or drooping, many-flowered pedicels in., slender bracts minute. Flowers
\-% in. diam., yellowish -white. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate limb patent, obscurely 5-toothed.
Ovary villous. Drupe ovoid, subacute, \ in. long stone thin,
to

quite smooth.
18. P. punctata, Hook.f. fy T. in Herb. Ind. Or. (Cerasus) ; quite glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire or serrulate dotted
with minute glands beneath, racemes subcorymbiform, stamens about 30.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4-5000

ft.,

Jenkins, etc.

shrub or small tree with slender pendulous branchlets, the youngest puberulous.
Leaves 3-5 in., caudate points curved very long obtuse, base acute, smooth
on both surfaces, shining above nerves 8-10 pairs, slender, obliquely arched; peRacemes axillary, solitary, shorter than
tiole ^ in., eglandular
stipules filiform.
the leaves, 8-10-flowered peduncle very slender; pedicels J~ in., subcorymbose toCalyx-tube obconic lobes 5,
wards the top of the peduncle. Flowers x in. diam.
Ovary glabrous. Drupe globose stone
rounded, ciliate. Petals orbicular, ciliate.
thin-walled, quite smooth.
;

14. P. Jenkinsii, Hook.f. Sf Thorns, in Herb. Ind Or. (Cerasus) ; leaves

linear-oblong caudate-acuminate serrate undulate shining eglandular, racemes axillary short cylindric dense-flowered pubescent, stamens about 50.

Assam, Jenkins at Choorpura, (Upper Assam), Griffith.

Branches black, stout, glabrous. Leaves 5-7 in., tip obtuse, base acute, red-brown
above when dry, paler beneath, margin undulate, teeth when present remote
nerves 10-15 pair, obliquely arching; petiole ^ in., eglandular; stipules linear-lanceolate.
Racemes 1^-2^ in., strict, erect, usually densely clothed with flowers to the
base which is enclosed in concave orbicular scales pedicels very smooth. Calyx-tube
turbinate lobes rounded, ciliate. Petals small, orbicular, erose.
Ovary glabrous.
Drupe with the stone in., broadly ovoid, obtuse, rugose, and with a thick ridge on
one side, walls very thick and hard.
;

4.

MADDENIA, Hook.f.^

Thorns.

Deciduous leaved trees. Leaves alternate, glandular-fringed or -serrate ; stipules conspicuous, gland-senate. Floicers in racemes or corymbs, sub-unisexual.
Calyx-tube turbinate, 10-lobed, some of the lobes often produced into oblong'
Stamens 20-30, in one series, filaments incurved anthers
tomentose petals.
small.
Carpels 1, with a slender style and usually not perfecting, or two with
shorter or no styles and larger stigmas, one or both perfecting ovules 2, collaFruit an oblong drupe pericarp thin ; stone rather bony. Coteral, pendulous.
tyledons thick, oblong.
Distkib. Two Indian species.
;

A form

between Pygeum and Prunus, differing from both in the frequent twin

318

rosacea.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Maddenia.

carpels, of which both often ripen, from Pygeam in the form of the fruit habit, and
deciduous foliage, and from Prunus in the flower whicb is altogether that of Pygeurn
except for the carpels.
1.

380,

himalaica, Hook.f.

HI.
xii.

t.

fy Thorns, in Hook. KewJourn. Bot.

racemes tomentose snort dense-flowered.

Temperate Eastern Himalaya; Sikxim, Lachen Eiver,

alt.

8-1000

ft.

vi.

1854)

Bhotan,

Griffith.

small tree, 20-30 ft. bark of branches red brown, shining. Leaves 3-5 in.,
variable in shape, ovate or obovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, rather membranous, densely woolly or glabrate beneath, base acute rounded or cordate, cilia of the
margin often gland-tipped especially at the base of the leaf; nerves 15-20 pair, obstipules large, linear-lanceolique and nearly straight petiole very short indeed
late, membranous, acuminate, gland-serrate. Racemes terminal, 1-3 in., dense-flowered.
Calyx-tube turbinate lobes obtuse and
Flowers 8-20, white, shortly pedicelled.
Stamens 20-30. Carpetals together 10, the latter minute unequal linear-oblong.
pels 1 or 2, fusiform, quite glabrous, tapering into short or long styles with discoid
Drupe in., broadly ovoid epicarp thin ; stone thickly crustaceous, quite
stigmas.
;

smooth.
2.

BX. pedicellata, Hook.

f.

flowers subcorymbose on long slender

pedicels on a short peduncle.

Mishmi Hills,

Griffith.

I have very imperfect scraps of this curious species, in unripe fruit only, the pedicels are 2 in. long and each flower has the unripe oblong-carpels in. long.

5.

PYGEUM,

Gcertn.

Evergreens trees or shrubs.

Leaves alternate, persistent, usually quite entire

2 or 0. Flowers small, racemose, sometimes unisexual by want of the ovary. Calyx-tube obconic urceolate or campanuPetals minute, 6-6 in the
late, deciduous ; limb 5-15-toothed, often unequally.
in the 10-15-toothed, villous or tomentose rarely glabrous,
5 -6-toothed calyx,
often undistinguishable from the calyx-lobes.
Stamens 10-50, in one or
more series at the orifice of the calyx-tube, filaments slender incurved ; anthers
Carpel 1, basal in the calyx-tube, ovoid or subglobose style terminal,
small.
slender, exserted from the bud, stigma capitate ; ovules 2, collateral, penduFruit a transversely oblong obscurely didymous rarely subglobose drupe,
lous.
Cotyledons very thick, hemispheric radicle minute,
pericarp thin, dry or juicy.
Distrib. Species about 20, Tropical Asiatic and one African.
superior.
;

stipules minute, fugacious, basal glands

Differs from Prunus chiefly in the minute villous petals (when present) and form
of the fruit. The often conspicuous basal pair of glands on the leaf are very variable,
a few species have scattered glands, and one has buJlate glands on the tip of the petiole, formed by a prolongation of the leaf-blade.
*

Ovary*glabrous or nearly

so.

acuminatum,

Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 360, 1. 18 ; leaves

1. P.
oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite glabrous, basal glands 0, racemes
Chrysoslender villous, petals 6 villous. Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Barm. i. 435.
balaneus, Wall. Cat. 7496.

Khasia Mts., Colebrooke, Wallich. Chittagong, Kurz.

Leaves 4-6 by 1^-3 in nerves spreading: petiole \ in. Racemes almost
equalling the leaves, suberect, 4-angled pedicels slender.
Flowers yellow-green, inodorous.
Calyx campanulate, acutely 6-toothed. Petals 6, clawed, ovate, villous.
Drupe 1 in. transStamens 30-40. Ovary glabrous style very slender, exserted.
versely, dark-purple.
Eastern Bengal

tree.

Pygeum:~]

Li.

rosacea.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

319

leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate-acumi2. P. glaberrimum, Ltook.f.

or obscure, racemes slender and petioles glanate quite glabrous, basal glands
P. acuminatum, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. fy T.
brous.
;

Eastern tropical Himalaya, Sntxrcr, alt. 3-5000 ft., J. D. H. Khasia Mts., alt.
Chittagong, J. D.
ft., Simmonds, etc.
# T. T.
A branching tree, 30-50 ft., glabrous in all its parts, smelling strongly when
bruised of prussic acid. Leaves 4-9 in., base rounded or acute, opaque beneath, with
nerves spreading and arching petiole ^ in. Raa few large scattered glands or
Calyx-tuhe obconic limb obcemes numerous, erect rachis and pedicels slender.
Petals 6, oblanceolate, obtuse, hooded,
scurely 6-sinuate, disk pubescent at the base.
Ovary puberulous, soon glabrate style slender, exserted, nearly
quite glabrous.
Fruit on a much elongated thickened peduncle, 1 in.
straight; stigma capitate.
Except for the perfectly glabrous inflorescence and petals, this closely
transversely.
resembles P. acuminatum.

3-4000

3. P. Wig-htianum, Blume, Melanges Bot. 1855, n. 2 (ex Walp. Ann. iv.

642); leaves rounded-oblong or elliptic obtuse with two largeglands at or near the
Thwaites JSnum. 102. P.
base, racemes stout pubescent, petals 5-6 tomentose.
ceylanicum, Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 59, excl. synon. Polyodontia ? ceylanica,
Wight. HI. i. 203 Ic. t. 256.
;

Western Peninsula

Anamallay, Shevarry, Pulney and Tinevelly ranges, Bed-

4-8000 ft., Wight, etc.

middle-sized tree, glabrous except the young shoots and inflorescence, which are
pubescent with dense appressed hairs. Leaves 3-4 in., coriaceous, base rounded or
subacute; nerves arched, spreading, prominent beneath; petiole \-^ in. Racemes
2-4 in. axillary, rachis and peduncle stout pedicels sometimes in. long. Flowers
\ in. diam. Calyx-tube obconic or turbinate limb 5- rarely 4- or 6-lobed, lobes
Petals 4-6, oblong, tip rounded, softly tomentose. Stamens about 20.
acute.
Ovary
Fruit in. transversely, on very stout pedicels.
quite glabrous style stout.
leaves smaller sometimes lanceolate,
Var. parvifolium, Thwaites Enum. 103
racemes shorter, pedicels very short, flowers smaller, stamens fewer, fruit \ in. trans-

Ceylon;

dome.

central province, alt.

versely.

P. lanceolatum, Hool

leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acumi/.

narrow oblong, racemes rarely axillary, short few-flowered
pubescent, bracts deciduous, petals 6 linear-lanceolate hairy.
4.

nate, basal glands

Sincapohe, Lobb.
Branches very slender, young ones and petioles puberulous with appressed hairs.
Leaves 3-4 in., base very acute, rather glaucous beneath; nerves very oblique, midrib
with a few silky hairs petiole |- in., slender. Racemes |-| in. chiefly on the
branches below the leaves, about 10-flowered, pubescent, sometimes almost globose,
subsessile pedicels in. Flowers in. diam. Calyx-tube turbinate, limb very shortly
lobed.
Stamens about 1 2 style slender. Ovary perfectly glabrous. Fruit not seen.
Differs from P. persrmile, Kurz, in the pedicels and glabrous ovary.
;

5. P.
IMCaing'ayi, Hook. f. ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, basal
glands obscure or 0, racemes very short axillary solitary densely pubescent,
bracts persistent, calyx 6-lobed, petals 0.

Malacca, Maingay {Herb. Kew, 625),

Branchlets very slender. Leaves 2-3 in., rather coriaceous, base acute, nerves
very faint spreading and arched, perfectly glabrous on both surfaces petiole \ in.,
Racemes ^ in. almost globose, rusty tomentose pedicels very
slender, glabrous.
;

oblong bracts. Calyx-tube obconic, glabrous within lobes oblong,

Stamens about 15, filament slender.
obtuse, villous.
Ovary small, often abortive
and slender, style glabrous. Fruit size of a large pea, nearly globose, with a sharp
mucronate apex.
short, exceding the


320

A
;

rosacea.

li.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

[Pygeum.

6. P. Andersoni, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves oblong subacute or

obtuse crenate-serrate eglandular, racemes very short axillary dense-flowered
glabrous, calyx 5-lobed, petals broadly ovate with villous margins.

Bengal, summit of Parusnath,

alt.

4000 ft., T. Anderson.

rigid shrub, quite glabrous except the margins of the petals.

Leaves 3 in.,
coriaceous, smooth above, and bright green, paler beneath with 10-12 pairs of very
in,
petiole
Racemes 1 in. ; pedicels very
faint nearly straight ascending nerves ;

Calyx-tube hemispheric ; lobes broadly ovate, obtuse,

short ; bracts concave, obtuse.
ciliate.
Petals membranous, twice as large as the calyx-lobes.
Stamens about 15.

Ovary very minute, glabrous, imperfect.

** Ovary hirsute or villous.

f Leaves glabrous beneath.

7. P. persimile, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. Pars. 2, 306 ; For.
Flor. Brit. Burnt, i. 436 leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate, midrib pubescent beneath, racemes 2-3, pedicels very short.
;

Tenassebim, Kurz.

A tree

young twigs sparingly appressed-pubescent. Leaves obtuse and equal or

unequal at the base, glabrous above or puberulous along the impressed nerves petiole
\ in. slender, pubescent. Racemes from the scars of fallen leaves, or from the
Ovary densely hirsute
branches pedicels very short. Calyx-tube short, urceolate.
Next to P. Lampongo {Kurz, 1. c).
style long, exserted, stigma broad.
I have a specimen from Heifer that may be this, but it is in a most imperfect
the basal leaf-glands are absent or very obscure, the raceme 1 in. long with
state
persistent bracts; the calyx-tube obconic and limb with 6 oblong obtuse lobes.
Malacca plant (Griffith 2052) may be referable here, but differs in the shorter
;

stout style.

leaves oblong obtuse young hoary

9. P. polystachyum, Hook. f.
beneath, petiolar glands 2 very tumid, racemes fascicled elongate finely pubescent, calyx-tube shortly 10-lobed, petals 0, stamens 40-50, style glabrous.
;

Malacca, Maingay (Herb. Kew, 627).

A tree, not lofty, with very thick trunk branches very stout, black, youngest
and young leaves beneath clothed with very fine hoary down. Leaves 5-7 in.,
rounded at both extremities, very coriaceous, glabrous above with impressed veins,
red-brown beneath with puberulous midrib and stout arching spreading nerves petiole
1 in., very stout, with two oblong tumid glands at the apex in old leaves (not developed
Racemes 2-4 in., axillary and from the scars of fallen leaves, hoaryin the young).
bud
pubescent, peduncle and rachis stout, strict pedicels stout, in. bracts
teeth rounded.
Calyx-tube | in. diam., urceolate
Stamens in several
globose.
Ovary hirsute style stout, exserted.
series, filaments not longer than the calyx.
1

'

P. parviflorum,

Teysm. fy Binnend. in Nat. Tijd. Neerl. Ind. ii.

10.
309 ; leaves oblong obtuse, basal glands 2 large, nerves puberulous beneath,
racemes fascicled on the old wood elongate tomentose, bracts deciduous, calyx
limb 10-12-toothed, petals 0. Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 361. P. arboreum>
Endl. Gen. PL 1250 in part. Polydontia arborea, Blume Bijd. 1105. Polystorthia, Blume Prcef. Flor. Jav. viii. partim.

Distkib. Java, Borneo.

Griffith, Maingay.
branches stout, lenticellate young branchlets and racemes tomentose.
Jjeaves 4-6 in., variable in length and breadth, coriaceous, base usually rounded
nerves strong arching and spreading ; midrib with fine appressed hairs petiole \-\
Racemes 1-3 in. long; peduncle and rachis stout; pedicels short; buds almost
in.
Calyx urceolate teeth small, obtuse, villous. Stamens about 20. Ovary
globose.
densely villous style slender, hairy. Fruit % in. transversely, clothed with deciduous
Bornean specimens have no basal leaf-glands.
hairs.

Malacca,

tree

Pygeum.]

rosacea.

LI.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

321

11. P. brevifolium, Hook. f. ; leaves broadly oblong acute or obtuse

quite glabrous beneath, basal glands minute or 0, racemes axillary globose
tomentose, calyx-limb 5-6-toothed, petals 0.

Malacca, summit of Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Lobb.

3-4 ft. branches woody and leaves quite glabrous. Leaves 2-2 in.,
coriaceous, usually contracted at the tip and obtuse or emarginate, rarely acute
nerves beneath faint, spreading and arching petiole \-\ in. Bacemes contracted,
Calyx urceolate; teeth unnot g in. long, 6-10-fld; bracts small; pedicels short.
equal, obtuse.
Stamens 10-16, filaments short. Ovary villous; style rather short,

A shrub,

glabrous.

specimen of this marked Lucon, T. Lobb,' in Herb. Hook., is probably so

ticketed by mistake.
Lobb having visited Mt. Ophir no doubt collected it there.
'

12. P. G-ardneri,
basal glands 0, racemes
calyx 12-lobed, petals 0,
t. 993.
P. zeylanicum,
Gcertn.

Hook. f.

leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate,

;
axillary stout elongate pubescent, bracts deciduous,
stamens 12 short. Pygeum ? acuminatum, Wight Ic.

Dalz.

Nilghiri

Western Peninsula,

Bomb. Flor. 89,

Gibs.

8f

Hills,

Gardner,

Wight.

Synon., not of

excl.

Ghats of Bombay,

Ritchie.

large tree, glabrous everywhere except the inflorescence. Leaves 4-6 in., very
coriaceous, base acute or rounded, equal or unequal, nerves oblique
petiole -1 in.,
Racemes 3-4 in., peduncle and rachis
quite glabrous, or of young leaves silky.
Flowers
diam.
Calyx-tube urceolate ; limb with
stout ; pedicels short, stout.
\ in.
10-12 obtuse tomentose lobes. Petals 0.
Stamens 12, rather slender.
Ovary
;

Fruit 1-1
hirsute; style exserted.
apiculate in the sinus at the top.

ft Leaves

in.,

transversely 2-lobed, shining and smooth,

moi-e or less imbescent beneath.

P. ceylanicum,

Gcertn. Fruct. i. 218, t. 46; branches leaves

beneath and inflorescence densely finely tomentose, leaves oblong-lanceolate
obtusely acuminate, basal glands large, racemes solitary, calyx obconic obscurely 6-toothed, petals 6 acuminate, stamens about 12. Thwaites Enum. 102.
P. Walkerii, Blume Mel. Bot. 1855 n. 2 {ex Walp.
excl. Syn. P. acuminatum.
Polyodontia Walkerii, Wight. III. i. 203.
Ann. iv. 642).
13.

Ceylon, warm moister parts of the island, ascending to 3000 ft., Walker, &c.
rather large tree branches stout, lenticellate. Leaves 5-6 in., coriaceous,
base rounded nerves rather obliquely ascending, upper surface quite glabrous, under
Racemes axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves,
closely and finely tomentose.
li-2 in., densely rusty-tomentose pedicels short, stout, bracts not seen. Calyx-tube
Petals villous, hooded.
Ovary villous style glabrous.
villous within, teeth obscure.

P. capitellatum, Hook.

branchlets and leaves beneath finely

pubescent, leaves broadly oblong obtuse, basal glands rather large, racemes
axillary contracted into globose densely villous heads, calyx-tube campanulate
obscurely 10-lobed, petals 0, stamens about 15, style hairy.
14.

f.

Tenasserim, Heifer.
Leaves 5-6 in., coriaceous, base
Branchlets rather stout, densely pubescent.
rounded, midrib stout, pubescent above, tomentose beneath nerves rather numerous,
8-10 pair, spreading and arched ; petiole \ in. Racemes solitary or crowded, sessile,
in. long, very dense-flowered pedicels very short. Calyx-\\mh tomentose on the
Ovary villous ; style rather short, with
margin. Stamens longer than the calyx.
long hairs.
;

15.
ciliate

montanum,

Hook.f. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate

P.
rugulose above, pubescent or tomentose beneath, basal glands deeply
r
vol. n.

322

li.

rosacea.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

[Pygeum.

sunk, racemes densely tomentose, calyx urceolate 5-toothed, petals 5 acute,

stamens 12-15, style hairy. Chrysobalanea arborescens, R. Br. in Wall. Cat.
7507.

Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim, Herb. Griff. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft, Gomez, &c.
A small tree branches stout, young with short stiff hairs, older lenticellate.
Leaves 4-7 in., coriaceous, young with appressed hairs on the upper surface and
densely ciliate margins, base subacute or rounded, tip finely acuminate, above
glabrous except the impressed midrib, beneath clothed with short rather stiff
hairs; nerves 10-12 pair, obliquely ascending, prominent and reticulate beneath;
Racemes 1-1 1 in., solitary or fascicled on the old
petiole very short, in., stout.
wood; pedicels short; bracts not seen. Flowers \ in. diam. Calyx with 5 subulate
Ovary densely villous style slender.
remote teeth. Petals villous, ovate-lanceolate.
;

P. Griffithii, Hook.

f. ; branchlets and inflorescence densely tomentose, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely cuspidate
minutely puberulous beneath obscurely sinuate-toothed, basal glands small,
racemes very short stout, flowers sessile, calyx 6-toothed, petals 0.
15.

Malacca,

Griffith.

Branchlets stout. Leaves 5-6 in., coriaceous, base rounded or acute, most
minutely dotted on both surfaces, smooth and glabrous above with puberulous
impressed midrib and nerves, margin ciliate and obscurely toothed, beneath finely
puberulous with 8-10 pair of spreading arching pubescent nerves; petiole | in.,
very stout. Racemes A in. long, axillary, solitary, few-flowered, densely tomentose,
rachis very short. Flowers apparently quite sessile.
Calyx-tube obconic, teeth
Stamens 12. Ovary globose, hairy. I have seen but one specimen and
oblong.
the description of the flowers is from Griffith's MSS. The sinuated margin of the
leaf is a remarkable character.

16. P. arboreum, Endl.

Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burnt, i. 435 leaves
ovate-oblong or broad-oblong shortly cuspidate glabrous or rusty-tomentose
above, brown pubescent or almost tomentose beneath, racemes elongate 2-3
together in the axils of fallen leaves.
;

Martaban

hills to Tenasserim, alt. 3-4000 ft.. Kurz.

young branches and buds rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 in., rigidly char
taceous or almost coriaceous, almost wrinkled above. Racemes 2-3 in., pedicels
Calyx-teeth minute. Petals hardly longer, villous.
Ovary densely rusty
j^-^q in.
Drupe almost in. transversely, almost didymous, covered with fugacious
villous.
rusty-brown stiff hairs, soon glabrescent. I have taken the description from Kurz,
having seen no specimens. Miquel divides the P. arboreum, Endl. (Gren. Plant. 1250)
into two species, P. parviflorum, Teysm. & Binnend., and P. latifoliam, Miq.
The
former with a hirsute and the latter with an almost glabrous ovary both are

tree,

Javanese.

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

Maingay's No. 628 (Distrib. Kew) from Malacca not being in flower is undeterminable it has slender glabrous branchlets, oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate
quite glabrous rather membranous leaves 3-4 in. long, with short slender petioles,
very short racemes, fruit the size of a large pea, transversely elliptic-globose.
,
;

6.

PRINSEPIA,

Royle.

glabrous spinous shrub. Leaves deciduous, lanceolate or obovate stipules

minute, deciduous. Flmoers in short axillary racemes on the sides of the
Calyx persistent, tube cupular lobes 5, unequal, orbicular, imbricate
spines.
Petals 5, orbicular shortly clawed.
in bud.
Stamens numerous, many-seriate,
;


PrinS'ipia.]

li.

kosacejE.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

323

inserted on the mouth of the calyx-tube, filaments short ; anther-calls often

Carpel 1, sessile; style basal,
unequal, separated by a broad connective.
ascending, stigma capitate ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Drupe obliquely
ellipsoid or cylindric, with the remains of the style at its base ; epicarp thin
stone coriaceous, smooth. Seed erect, cotyledons amygdaloid, radicle inferior.
1.

P. utilis, Royle

206,

III.

38,

t.

f.

Brandis For. Flor. 196

Wall.

Cat. 8554.

Dry rocky

on the temperate Himalayas, alt. 4-8000 ft., from Hazara to

9000 ft., and Bhotan Khasia Mts., alt. 5-6000 ft.
branchlets green, soft, pubescent when young pith septate.
ft.

hills

Sikkim ascending
A shrub, 3-5

to

Leaves 1-5 in., coriaceous, acuminate, entire or serrate. Flowers in. diam., white,
usually opening in autumn.
Drupes ^- in. purple, subtended by the withered
calyx.

7.

SPIRJEA,

Linn.

Perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple or compound ; stipules

Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes,
free or adnate to the petiole, rarely 0.
white or red. Calyx persistent, lobes 4-5, imbricate or valvate in bud. Petals
4-5.
Stamens 20-60, filaments free or connate below. Disk fleshy, often
Carpels 5 or more, free or connate below ; styles subterminal ; ovules 2
hairy.
or more, pendulous. Follicles 5 or more, few-seeded. Distrib. Temperate and
cold regions of the N. hemisphere ; species 50.
Sect.
pels free

I.
;

TTlmaria.

Herbs.

Leaves pinnatisect.

Disk

Car-

obsolete.

ovules 2.

Wall. MSS.
lateral leaflets small or 0, terminal very
acutely palmately 3-5-lobed, stipules ^-orbicular, cymes proliferous.
S. Kamtschatica, var.
S. Kamtschatica, Wall. Cat. 704 (not of Pallas).
himalensis, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 4.
1.

S. vestita,

large

Western temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 7-12,000 ft.

Distrib. Kamtschatka.
A herb, with perennial root, 1-1 ft., pubescent except the leaves above. Leaves
sometimes hoary with thick white tomentum beneath, lateral lobes very variable,
\~-\% in., sessile, ovate, acutely toothed; terminal lobe 2-6 in. diam., palmately
3-5-lobed; lobes acuminate, acutely lobulate and toothed.
Cymes oblong, much
Flowers white, \ in. diam.
branched, very many-flowered.
Calyx small, lobes
obtuse.

Petals

oblong-orbicular.

Carpels many, villous, 2-ovuled.

Very

indeed to S. Kamtschatica, a plant confined to the country whose name

to Mantchuria, but quite distinct by the stipules.

Sect. II. Aruncus. Dioecious herbs.

Carpels free ; ovules many.

it

similar

bears,

Leaves triternately pinnate.

and

Disk

tumid.

Led. Fl. Boss. ii. 16 leaflets ovate caudate2. S. Aruncus, Linn.

acuminate acutely doubly-serrate glabrous or silky beneath, stipules obsolete,
cymes panicled pubescent. Pallas Flor. Boss. t. 26 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 690.
;

Don

Prodr. 228.

S. triternata, Wall. Cat. 706.

Western and Central temperate Himalaya; from Sirmore, alt. 10,000 ft., T.
Thomson, to Nepal, Wallich. Distrib. From West Europe to Kamtschatka and
Mantchuria, Japan and E. and W. N. America.
A slender herb, 2-4 ft., with stout perennial rootstock. Leaves with long primary
And secondary petioles, petiolules short leaflets 1-2 in. (1-10 in. in Japan specimens)
-rather membranous.
Flowers dense, white, \ in. diam.
Calyx-tube turbinate, lobes

y2


324

li.

oblong- ovate.
ripe.

rosacea.

Petals orbicular.

Carpels

D. Hooker.)

(J.

6-8,

[Spiraea.

tumid, glabrous and shining when

carpels than the European.

The Indian form has smaller and more numerous

Sect. III. Sorbaria. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate.

calyx-tube.
Carpels connate below ; ovules many.

Disk adnate to

the-

3. S. sorbifolia, Linn.; Led. Fl. Boss. ii. 15; leaflets 6-9 pair sessile
lanceolate- or linear-oblong acuminate doubly serrate glabrous or hairy beneath,
Pall. Flo?\ Boss, t. 24, 25.
stipules linear-subulate, cymes in branched panicles.
S. Lindleyana, Wall. Cat. 703 ; Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t. 33.

"Western temperate Himalayas; from Kunawttr to Ktjmaon, alt. 7-10,000 ft.

Distrib. Altai Mts. to N. China and Japan.
A tall shrub, glabrous or with soft hairs in the young parts, leaflets beneath and
inflorescence.
Leaves 8-12 in.
leaflets 2-4 in., sessile, gradually narrowed from
near the usually rounded base to the long tip terminal sometimes lobed at the base
petiole cylindric.
Flowers white, \ in. diam.
Calyx-tube hemispheric ; lobes
rounded. Petals orbicular. Carpels 5, glabrous or pubescent; ripe oblong, dehiscing dorsally.
;

;.

Sect. IV. Chamaedrya. Shrubs. Leaves simple.

calyx-tube, glandular.
Carpels free ; ovules many.

Disk adnate to the

4. S. c alios a, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 209

leaves oblong-ovate or -lanceolate
acuminate doubly inciso-serrate glaucous and pubescent or glabrate beneath,
cymes much branched pubescent, flowers hermaphrodite, bracteoles equalling
the calyx, ripe carpels exposed glabrate. Lindl. 8f Paxt. FL Gard. ii. 113,
S. callosa, var. e. robusta, Hook. f. fy Thorns. Herb. Lnd. Or.
S. Forfig. 191.
tuni, Planch, in Flw. des Serres, ix. 871
Lindl. fy Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 113,
with a woodcut Bot. Mag. t. 5164.
;

Khasia Mts.

Kullung

rock, and the Boga Panee, alt. 5-6000 ft., Simmons, J

N. China, Japan.
An erect or straggling shrub, with pubescent or tomentose or glabrate striate branches.
Leaves 1-4 in., glabrous and glaucous beneath, or more or less pubescent or tomentose,
those on young twigs sometimes rhomboid-ovate petiole very short.
Flowers
\% in. diam., in very open corymbose spreading cymes, pale or deep rose-red, Calyx-tube obconic lobes triangular-ovate, pubescent. Petals orbicular.
Bisk-glands
prominent. Bipe carpels in., dark brown, glabrous, shining; styles nearly as long,
as the valves. I have described this from Khasia specimens, which are usually tomentose on the under surface of the leaf, but some specimens are as glabrous as the
Japanese. It is remarkable that neither Jenkins, Wallich, nor Griffith had it from
the Khasia Mts.
JD.

H. $

T.

at

T. Distrib.

5. S. bell a, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2426; leaves broadly oblong ovate or

ovate-lanceolate doubly inciso-serrate or crenate glaucous and glabrate or pubescent beneath, cymes much branched pubescent, flowers subdicecious, bracteoles
equalling the calyx, ripe carpels exposed glabrate. Don Prodr. 227 ; Kunze
in Linneea, xx. 60.
S. callosa and fastigiata, Wall. Cat. 707, 708.
S. glauca
and stellata, Wall. MSS. S. expansa, Wall. Cat. 702.

Temperate Himalaya from] Sirmore alt. 7-10,000 ft,, to Sikkim and Bhotax, alt.
6-12,000 ft.
A very variable plant, unless, as is probable, two species may be confounded
under the above description, which however have not been distinguished by any botanist.
A shrub 2-6 ft. branches erect or inclined or horizontal. Leaves -2 in. r
glaucous beneath and usually glabrate, but sometimes pubescent. The extreme form*
are those of S. bella proper {callosa, Wall, not Thunb.) in which they are broad ovate
or oblong obtusely toothed towards the apex only, and of fastigiata, Wall., in which
they are much larger ovate-lanceolate acuminate and inciso-serrate throughout the

Spircea.']

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

325

latter is usually a more erect plant, with shorter stricter stouter stems, and closely
resembles 8. callosa, differing chiefly in the apparently more or less dioecious flowers.
S. bella proper, on the other hand, is more slender, often nearly prostrate, with arched
"branches there are however all manner of intermediate forms, and some specimens
Calyx-lobes acute, tube
have both types of leaf. Flowers pink, or rarely white.
Stamens minute and deformed in the $ flowers, long in the $
villous within.
Ovaries small or absent, those of the $ flowers with long styles, of the $ short.
Disk of broad incurved scales. Ripe carpels as in S. callosa.
;

S. micrantha, Hook.f.

leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate doubly

cymes very broad lax and open, bracteoles
filiform often exceeding the calyx, flowers subdicecious, ripe carpels exposed
villous.
S. callosa var. macrophyila, Hook. f. fy Thorns. Herb. Ind. Or.
6.

inciso-serrate glaucous hairy beneath,

Eastern temperate Himalaya;

5800-10,000 ft., Griffith.

Sikkim

alt.

6-8000

ft.

J.B.H.; Bhotan,

alt.

Very similar to the fastigiata form of 8. bella, but more lax in habit, leaves someFlowers - in. diam., in very long
times 7 in., very membranous or coriaceous.
Calyx-tube villous within.
spreading panicles, pale coloured. Bisk-glands large.
Bracteoles filiform, often much produced.
Bipe carpels much smaller than in <S. callosa and bella, clothed densely with spreading hairs.
7. S. canescens, D071 Prodr. 227 ; softly tomentose, branches stout
arching, leaves small subsessile obovate or cuneate-obovate quite entire or obtusely 3-5-toothed at the tip, corymbs small compound, flowers hermaphrodite,
S. cuneifolia. Wall. Cat. 699
ripe carpels half sunk in the calyx-tube villous.
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 59 ; Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 47, t. 57.

Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir

alt.

10-12,000

to

Kumaon

alt.

6-12,000

ft.,

and

in

Sikkim

ft.

shrub, 6 ft., with densely leafy branches. Leaves |- in., coriaceous, acute
Corymbs very numerous,
or obtuse; nerves very oblique; petiole very short
1-lA in. diam. Flowers pale pink or white, in. diam. Stamens not exceeding the
petals.
Bisk with broad notched glands. Ripe carpels sunk half or whole way in the
turbinate calyx-tube.
8. S. arcuata, Hook. f. ; glabrate, branches stout arched, leaves small
petioled obovate obtusely 3-8-toothed or -lobed at the rounded top rarely entire
and acute, corymbs small compound puberulous, flowers hermaphrodite, ripe
carpels wholly exserted glabrous shining.
S. canescens, var. glabra, Herb. Ind.

Or.H.f.SfT.
Sikkim Himalaya, subalpine;
J. B. H.

Yemutong and Lachoong,

alt.

12-14,000

ft.,

Jongri, C. B. Clarke.
small woody ramous shrub, with very stout horizontal arching glabrous dark
brown shining deeply grooved branches, flowering branches very short. Leaves in.,
glabrous or nearly so, narrowed into a slender petiole.
Corymbs dense-flowered.
Flowers in. diam., red.
Stamens not exceeding the petal. Bisk with broad notched
glands
Ripe carpels not at all sunk in the turbinate very short calyx-tube. Closely
allied to 8. canescens, but more robust and glabrate, with more petioled leaves, larger
red flowers and very different fruit.
;

9. S. vaccinifolia, Bon Prodr. 227', leaves small petioled ovate or

elliptic-lanceolate acute or obtuse serrate or crenate glaucous and hoary be-

neath, corymbs much

glabrous.
Lindl. in
Lindl. in Bot. Reg.
183. S. rhamnifolia,

branched tomentose, flowers hermaphrodite, ripe carpels

Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 60; 1840, t. 17. S. laxiflora,
1839, Misc. 60 Lindl. <y Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. 98, fig.
Wall. Cat. 700.

Western temperate Himalaya

from Murree to Kumaon.

326

li.

kosace^.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

\_Spiroba.
t

An

Leaves j-1^ in., usually elliptic and

^icute at both ends, serratures or crenatures small ; nerves beneath faint petiole
- in., slender. Corymbs dense-flowered ; flowers small, in. diam. Ripe carpels
minute, glabrous, half sunk in the villous calyx-tube.
erect shrub,

with

strict

hoary branches.

10. S. parvifolia, Bert. Plant. Nuov. Asiat. ii. 10, t. 4, glabrous, leaves
broadly ovate or orbicular obtuse crenate glaucous beneath, petiole slender, corymbs
in lax spreading rounded glabrous panicles with very slender peduncles and pedicels,
flowers hermaphrodite, ripe carpels glabrous. T. chamaedrifolia, Hook.f. $ Thorns.
Herb. Ind. Ch'.,not of Linn. ? S. vaccinifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1. 1403, not of Dmu

Western temperate Himalaya; Kishtwar alt. 6-8000 ft., T. Thomson.

graceful shrub, with slender branches, and drooping floriferous branchlets, gla-

brous throughout or with minutely downy inflorescence. Leaves f-1 in., very rarely
ovate acute and serrate, usually broadly elliptic, thin and almost membranous, flat
nerves very indistinct on both surfaces. Lnflorescence sometimes of many simple
corymbs with long capillary pedicels (sometimes h in.) collected into lax broad panicles that terminate drooping lateral branches
in other specimens the corymbs are
branched as in S. bella, &c. Flowers in. diam. Ripe carpels very small,
in., half
sunk in the calyx -tube, glabrous. Very near V. chamadrifolia, L., of Siberia, and
perhaps a form of that plant with smaller flowers and laxer habit it is the only
Himalayan species with the ultimate branches of the inflorescence bearing corymbose
pedicels.
Except that the leaves are acute, which is rarely the case in our plant, the
figure of S. vaccinifolia in Loddiges admirably accords with it.
Loddiges says that
he raised it from seeds sent from Nepal.
;

11.

brahuica,

S.

Boiss.

Flor.

Orient,

ii.

690

a small excessively

branched shrub, leaves minute obovate-cuneate entire or 3-5-lobed or -toothed

tomentose, corymbs few-flowered, carpels minute.

Wuzuristan beyond Peshawur

in

W.

N.

India,

alt.

5-8000

ft.,

Stewart.

Disteib^

Beloochistan.
I

A very remarkable little species, forming a low shrub with slender stiff interlaced
sometimes spinescent branches. Leaves $-^ in., usually glabrous or puberulous above,
and white with dense pubescence beneath, but in some of Stock's Beluchistan specimens nearly glabrous on both surfaces petiole very short. Flowers in. diam., in
shortly peduncled tomentose panicles.
;

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Walp,
venustuxa, Kunthfr Bouch. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol., 1848, 16, No.*27
Ann. ii. 521 S. pulchella, Kunze in Linnsea, xx. 60 and S. nepalensis, Hort.
Loddiges, are no doubt forms of 8. bella.
S. nutans, Koyle (argentea, Loudon), is unknown.
Camb. Monog. in Ann. Sc. Nat. i. 374 DC.
S. oerulescens, Pair. Diet. vii. 350
Prodr. ii. 544, brought from India by Sonnerat, with axillary panicles, is unknown,
but as Sonnerat was never in any part of India where Spiraea is indigenous, his plant
is possibly the garden S. cantoniensis, Lour.
S. corymbosa, Roxb. Fl.IndiW. 512^
S. chamaedrifolia, L. ? Wall. Cat. 701, is
S. cantoniensis, Lour., a native of China only (see Benth. Fl. Hong Kong, 105) and
not of the N. of India.
S.

8.

RUB US, Linn.

Creeping herbs or erect or sarmentose shrubs, almost always prickly. Leaves

Floivers
alternate, simple or compound ; stipules free *r adnate to the petiole.
in terminal and axillary corymbose panicles, rarely solitary, white or red.
Calyx-tube broad : lobes 5, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens many. Disk coating
the calyx-tube. Carpels many, on a convex receptacle style subterminal ovules
I>rupes many, 1-seeded, crowded upon a dry or spongy
2, collateral, pendulous.
;


Buhus.]

rosacea.

li.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

327
Abundant

Seed pendulous, Distrib.

conical or cylindric receptacle.
northern hemisphere, rare in the southern ; species 100.

in the

'
genus of which the western European species are notoriously difficult of discrimination, as are some of the Himalayan.

Sv.utes 1. Leaves simple, undivided or

"

loM.

Herbs with creeping or prostrate stems

calycinus,

Wall, in Don Prodr. 235; Cat. 737; eglandular, stem

and prickly, leaves orbicular-reniform obscurely lobed toothed
hairy above glabrous beneath except on the prickly nerves, flowers axillary, calyx densely prickly, lobes deeply toothed. K. lobatua. Wall. MSS. ]Jalibarda
1.

and

Xt.

petioles hirsute

calycina,

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

568.

Central and Eastern temperate Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich:

ft.

Bhotan

alt.

8500

ft.

Khasia Mts.

alt.

4-5000

Sikkim

6-9000

alt.

ft.

Almost black when dry prickles slender, slightly curved on stem and petioles.
Stem creeping for 1-3 ft. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., sometimes hairy beneath petiole
2-4 in. stipules \-^ in., broadly ovate, serrate. Flowers 1 in. diam., solitary or twin,
usually on erect 1-2-leaved shoots.
Calyx-tube densely clothed with long straight
prickles lobes foliaceous, broad.
Petals shorter than the calyx-lobes, erect in fruit.
Fruit globose of few large scarlet fleshy carpels stone rugose. Very near a Philippine Island species which has stipules cut into narrow lobes and smaller flowers.
;

** Shrubs, erect sarmentose or climbing.

f Leaves oblong, entire (obscurely lobulated in R. assamensis) stipules pectinate (except in R. acuminatus and Griffithii).
Carpels few, 6-12.
;

2. It. acuminatus, Sm. in Pees Cyclop, xxx. Rubus 43 ; eglandular,

quite glabrous, prickles very few scattered curved, leaves ovate or lanceolate
caudate-acuminate doubly serrate, flowers small corymbose long pedicelled,
corymbs axillary and in elongated terminal panicles, bracts setaceous glandular,
calyx-lobes ovate glabrous with pubescent margins, carpels about 8.
Wall.
Cat. 726.
R. oxyphyllus, Wall. Cat. 7110. R. betulinus, Don Prodr. 233.

R.

triflorus,

Ham. MSS.

Central and Eastern temperate Himalaya from

to Sikkim-, alt. 4-7000

ft.

Khasia Mts.

alt.

Kumaon, Blinkworth, and Nepal

4-5000

ft,

Branches long, arching, cylindric ; prickles very small, flattened,

Scandent.
rarely on the petioles. Leaves 3-5 in., rather membranous base rounded nerves
6-8 pair petiole slender, - in. stipules slender, almost setaceous, glandular. Pabracts small.
Flowers ^ in. diam., in threes or fives
nicles sometimes a foot long
Calyx-lobes with recurved or hooked sometimes dorsal tips, erect in
pedicels \-% in.
fruit.
Petals much shorter than the calyx, white.
Carpels glabrous. Fruit of large
globose scarlet drupes enclosed by the calyx, receptacle villous, stone rugose.
;

eglandular, branches and leaves glabrous,

It. Griffithii, Hook. f.
few scattered curved, leaves oblong-lanceolate caudate acuminate doubly
serrate, panicles axillary and terminal elongate, flowers sessile scattered or
crowded, bracts linear-oblong serrate, calyx hoary with appressed down.
3.

prickles

Eastern Himalaya Sixxim, Herb. Griffith.

Very similar to R. acuminatus in foliage, but with very short petioles, a totally
different inflorescence, the flowers never in corymbs or fascicles, a densely tomentose
I have seen but one specimen, which is in bud
calyx, and linear serrated bracts.
only.
Possibly the locality is erroneous, as Griffiths' collections were in great confusion and it was often difficult to decipher the localities.
;

4.

R. hexagrynus,

Eo.vb. Hort. Beng.

39

Fl. Ind.

ii.

516

eglandular,

;;

328

rosace jb.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rubus.

pubescent tomentose or glabrate, prickles short stout recurved, leaves oblong

obtuse acute or acuminate serrate, stipules pectinate, panicles terminal, bracts
tomentose pectinate not exceeding the buds, calyx hoary with white down, peWight # Am. Prodr. 299 Wall. Cat. 725 in part ; R.
tals small, carpels 6.
R. pyrifolius, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook.f. ty
indicus, Lesch. in DC. Prodr. ii. 568.
Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 436.
T. in part, not of Smith
;

Assam, Silhet and the Khasia Mts. ascending to 4500 ft. Katchyen hills,
Ava, Kurz. Distbib. Yunan.
Climbing stem as thick as the arm prickles flattened. Leaves 1^-4 in., usually
cordate at the base, glabrous above, beneath pubescent or tomentose wholly or on the
nerves only, usually rugose when dry, not shining nerves 8-10 pair, spreading and
arched; midrib beneath prickly; petiole short, \ in., stout, tomentose stipules white
and hoary, with no lamina. Panicles large and spreading, densely white-tomentose
bracts -+, in. Flowers in. diam. Calyx-lobes erect in fruit, villous within, entire,

rarely 3 -fid at the tip. Petals linear, white, shorter than the calyx. Carpels glabrous,
with very slender styles. Fruit of 1-6 large red-purple drupes receptacle villous
This and the following have been usually confounded with the Java
stone rugose.
R. pyrifolius which has shorter leaves with fewer and more oblique nerves.
;

eglandular, glabrous or pubescent, prickles

5. R. Hamilton!, Hook.f.
short stout recurved, leaves oblong-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate serrate, stipules pectinate, panicles terminal, bracts glabrous pectinately laciniate far
exceeding the buds, calyx with appressed hairs, tips of lobes long acuminate
usually laciniate, petals small, carpels 6. R. pyrifolius, Ham. in Herb. Wall, not
of Smith ; Wall. Cat. 725 in part.
;

Central and Eastern tropical Himalaya Bhotan alt. 5000 ft., Griffith Sikkim
2-3000 ft., J. P. H. Assam, Hamilton, Masters, &c.
Very similar toi?. hexagynus, but readily distinguishable by its brown colour when
dry, usually narrower and more acuminate leaves, less tomentose inflorescence, which
IB nearly black when dry, and by the very large pectinately laciniate curved bracts
which are membranous and curving over the young buds give a curiously crinite appearance to the immature panicles the sepals also have usually longer tips split into
setaceous lobes. Fruit as in R. hexagynus.
;

lit.

R. assamensis,

Foeke Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein, Breeglandular, branches petioles and panicles villous with soft
spreading hairs, prickles very few short, leaves oblong or ovate-oblong very obscurely lobed acuminate toothed hairy above hoary with whitish down beneath,
nerves 5-6 pairs, petioles very short, panicles triangular, flowers small, calyxRubus 20 Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. 8f T.
lobes tomentose, carpels 10-12 glabrous.
6.

men,

iv.

197 (1874)

hills, Griffith, and Khasia Mts. at Syong, alt. 5500 ft., H. f. $ T.

prickles hooked. Leaves 3-4 in., acute or obtuse at the
base, rarely subcordate, nerves very oblique, margins sometimes without trace of
lobing ; petiole \ in. stipules woolly, small, pectinately pinnatifid. Panicles as broad
as long, shortly pyramidal; pedicels short; bracts small, cleft half way into setaceous
Flowers\ in. diam., white. Calyx-lobes ovate, long-acuminate, usually quite
lobes.
Petals
entire, erect in fruit, inner surface glabrous with a broad tomentose margin.
wholly absent in Khasia specimens. Carpels with a few long hairs and very long
(in
Mishmi
drupes
Fruit
specimens) globose, hardly exceeding the calyx
styles.
few ; receptacle villous stone pitted.

Mishmi

An

erect whitish shrub

tt Leaves lobed at the sides towards the base, normally longer than broad
Carpels many.
pules pectinate.

sti-

7. R. glomeratus, Blume Bijd 1111 ; eglandular, branches slender and

leaves beneath tomentose with white or buff down, prickles minute, leaves ovatecordate acuminate 3-5 lobed, the lateral lobes near the base of the leaf very

Rulu$.~\

li.

bosace^e.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

329

shallow toothed, flowers in small axillary and terminal eglandular downy panicles, calyx-lobes villous quite entire, petals obovate equalling the calyx, carpels
R. acerifolius,
many. li. Hasskarlii, Miquel, Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pars, 381.
Wall. Cat. 744.

Penang, Wallich, Maingay. Distrib. Java, Borneo, Philippines.

This resembles a slender narrow leaved small-flowered state of R. moluccanus,
but may at once be distinguished by the narrow leaves, lobed on each side towards
the base only. The flowers are small ( in. diam.) usually in loose panicles, the stipules and bracts laciniate.
I have seen in Mr. Clarke's collection a small specimen
very like this from the Khasia Mts., alt. 4500 ft., but it is so difficult to distinguish
imperfect specimens of this from the paniculatus and moluccanus, var. micropetalus,
that I hesitate to include the habitat of Khasia.

8. R. paniculatus, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx. Rubus 41 ; eglandular,

branches slender, leaves beneath and panicles clothed with white or buff cottony
tomentum, prickles very few minute, leaves ovate-cordate or oblong-ovate caudate-acuminate obscurely lobed toothed, nerves 5-7 pair, panicles terminal very
lax and much branched, bracts linear-oblong serrate, calyx-lobes silky usually
entire, petals very small linear-oblong, carpels many glabrous.
Wall. Cat. 749.
ft. tiliaceus, Sm. 1. c. ; Wall. Cat. 745.

Temperate Himalaya from Rajaori,

Khasia Mts. alt. 4-5000 ft.

alt.

3-7000

to Sikkim, alt.

ft.

6-8000

ft.

A very rambling climber all parts except the leaves above densely pubescent or
tomentose, with usually cottony white or buff tomentum prickles hooked, flattened,
Leaves 3-5 in., rarely as broad as long, rather membranous, sparsely hairy above,
midrib without prickles petiole 1-2 in., slender,
lateral lobes usually very obscure
bracts
rarely with a prickle stipules small, laciniate. Panicles very large and open
Calyx-lobes ovate, acute acusmall.
Flowers f-1 in. diam., often long pedicelled.
minate or lanceolate and caudate-acuminate, when they are often incised towards the
Petals much smaller than the calyx-lobes, white. Carpels glatip, erect in fruit.
Fruit globose, exposed
drupes many, large, black
receptacle villous
brous.
stone rugose.
;

9. R. insignis. Hook. f. ; eglandular, clothed with buff cottony tomentum, prickles numerous short, leaves hastate-oblong acuminate toothed lobulate
towards the base, nerves 12-15 pair, -panicles very long lax open prickly, petals
broadly obovate equalling the silky entire calyx-lobes, carpels numerous glabrous.

Eastern tropical Himalaya Bhotan, Griffith. Khasia Mts. alt. 2-3000 ft.,
B. H. # T. T. ; C. B. Clarke.
A very noble species, with the habit of R. paniculatus, but much larger in all but
the flowers, and at once distinguished by its prickles, which extend along the petiole
and midrib of the leaf beneath, by the numerous nerves, and large almost orbicular
petals.
Bhotan specimens have the flowers crowded at the end of the long branches of
the panicle, whilst in the Khasia ones the branches are open and exceedingly lax to
the end. Fruit as in R. paniculatus.
;

J.

10. R. ferox, Wall. Cat. 724, eglandular, tomentose, prickles on the

stem numerous short stout, leaves cordate sharply toothed upper ovate-lanceolate entire lower more orbicular shortly 5-7-lobed glabrous above pubescent or
glabrate beneath, panicles lax-flowered, margins of calyx-lobes pectinate, petals
broad, carpels about 8. Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 437.

Central Himalaya; Nepal, Wallich. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &c.
Burma, probably Ava, Kurz.
Very robust stem and especially inflorescence and petioles densely tomentose
;

prickles hooked, compressed.

Leaves not white or buff beneath ; lower 3-5 in. long
and broad; lobes deltoid, acute; nerves palmately spreading; petiole 1-2 in., densely

;;;

330

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rubus,

tomentose, often prickly ; stipules and bracts pectinately pinnatifid. Flowers -f

in. diam.
Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acute, with 2-5 long marginal teeth, densely
tomentose, almost villous, erect in fruit. Petals as long as the calyx, white. Filaments hairy. Carpels numerous, glabrous. Fruit of 20-30 small drupes, stone wavy
on the surface.
specimen from Birma ? in Griffith's Herb, is more glabrous with more slender
petioles.
R. Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat. 7109, from Siam, known only from a fragment in bud, differs in the apparently entire calyx-lobes clothed with buff tomentum.

fft Leaves normally broader than

natifid or pectinate.
11.

long, palmately 5-7-lobed; stipules pin-

Carpels many.

R. moluccanus,

Linn.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

566

eglandular, tomentose

villous or sublanate, prickles scattered short curved, leaves long-petioled usually

deeply cordate broad ovate or orbicular obtusely or acutely 3-7-lobed toothed

smooth scabrid or rugose above, beneath clothed with grey or yellow wool or
pubescence, panicles axillary and terminal, calyx villous and silky, lobes lanceolate or ovate acute entire or with pectinate margins, carpels very manv.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 518 ; Mia. Fl. Ind. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 382 ; Wall. Cat. 743
Kurz For. Flo?: Brit. Burin, i. 437. R. rugosus, Smith in Bees Cyc. xxx.
Rubus 34 Don Prodr. 234 ; Wight et Am. Prodr. 299 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Flor. 89 Thwaites Enum. 101 ; Wight. Ic. t. 225 ; Wall. Cat. 748 ; Plant. As.
Bar. iii. 19, t. 234 (Hamiltonianus). R. alceaefolius, Pair. Encycl. vi. 247. R.
micropetalus, macrocarpus, and Fairhohmanus, Gardner in Calc. Journ. Nat.
Hist. viii. 6. R. cordifolius, Don Prodr. 233. R. reflexus, Ker in Bot. Reg. 461
Benth. Hong-Kong Flor. 104. R. Hamiltonianus. Seringe in DC. Prodr. ii.
;

566.

Rumph. Amboin.

v. 88,

t.

47,

f.

2.

Central and Eastern tropical and temperate Himalaya. Nepal, Wallich. Sikkim,
alt. 3-7000 ft. Assam; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft.
Burma. Eastern Peninsula.
Western Peninsula or the Ghats from Bombay Southward. Ceylon ascending to
7000 ft. Distrib. Malay Archipelago and Islands.
Stem very robust, with wide spreading subscandent branches, densely clothed
with white grey or fulvous tomentum prickles hooked, flattened. Leaves 2-10 in.
diam., most variable in texture and pubescence
upper surface smooth or covered
with tubercles answering to the spaces between the nervules under pubescent villous or clothed with cottony wool, grey or green or buff-coloured, never quite white
petiole 2-4 in., glabrate or tomentose
stipules variable in size, oblong, toothed
pinnatifid laciniate or pectinate.
Inflorescence usually clothed with silky buff tomentum, rarely white or glabrate. Flowers very variable in size, from |-1 in., in
rather contracted terminal panicles and axillary capitate clusters bracts like the
stipules, never bearing gland-tipped hairs.
Calyx-lobes A-| in. long, usually tri
angular-ovate, rarely lanceolate, and then pinnatifid in the upper part, erect in fruit.
Petals obovate, white, shorter than the calyx -lobes. Filaments glabrous.
Carpels
numerous, glabrous. Fruit globose, succulent, of many scarlet small drupes; receptacle villous stone rugose.
I am quite -unable to arrange the form of this common and protean plant under
recognisable varieties answering to its synonymy.
The original R. moluccanus,
founded on the plate and description of Rumphius, has leaves with a rugose upper
surface (folia superne quam maxinie rugosa) and a whitish or ochreous under surface.
I have it from Assam, the Khasia Mts., Penang and Java and with the lobes rathor
acute from Nepal and almost all localities, where it becomes R. rugosus, Sm., described as such by Wallich (Plant As. Rar.), and figured under its synonym
R. Hamiltonianus.
Specimens with acuminate leaf-lobes occur at considerable
elevations in the Himalaya and Khasia Mts., where the leaves also become more
membranous and very large with pale undersurface at similar elevations and
localities large leaved states occur with very large flowers, and lanceolate sepals
$ in. long. The branches and inflorescence of Malacca specimens are most densely
;

;;

Hubus.]

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

331

The Western Ghat

villous with spreading hairs and the basal leaf-lobes overlap.
specimens have the leaves rugose above and thin, and the branches and inflorescence
densely clothed with firm buff cottony tomentum. This is also the case with the
Ceylon specimens, of which Thwaites distinguishes 4 varieties : o. bracts ovate
entire or cut at the tip, fruit small red (Wight. Ic. t. 225)
/8. leaves smaller
narrower more acute, stipules and bracts cut into filiform segments, petals small,
glomeraius,
Bl.)
fruit dark red (i?. micropetalus, Gard.) (I should refer this to
y. tomentose, pale, leaves very rugose and coriaceous, stipules and bracts less deeply
cut, panicle dense, calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate toothed, fruit dark red {R. Fairholmianus, Gard.) 8. prickles short, stipules and bracts less cut, panicles few-flowered,
flowers larger, petals about equalling the calyx, fruit larger black {R. macrocarpus,
Gard.) of these o. only inhabits low grounds.
;

R. reticulatus, Wall. Cat. 747 eglandular, pubescent with white

tomentum, prickles few minute or 0, leaves cordate-orbicular subacutely 5-7lobed reticulated on both surfaces finely downy beneath, panicles entire or
12.

laciniate ovate acute, calyx-lobes densely tomentose, fruit globose

much

larger

than the calyx.

Temperate Himalaya from Kumaon, alt. 7-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft.
This I expect will prove another form of R. moluccanus from a higher region,
the leaves of the Kumaon and Sikkim specimens are large broad and rather thin in
texture Wallich's Nepal ones are more coriaceous, narrower and elongate with many
lateral lobes, more like those of R. paniculatus, to which Wallich says it is
valde
affinis.'
Sikkim specimens have the cut calyx-lobes. The fruit is very large.
;

'

13. XI. Ian at us, Wall. Cat. 746 ; glandular, branches and leaves beneath white cottony, leaves cordate orbicular-ovate acute obscurely lobed serrate
glabrous or hairy above, panicles short dense densely villous and covered with
gland-tipped hairs, petals small narrowly linear-oblong, carpels numerous.
II. tiliaceus, Herb. Str. & Winterb.
Central and Western temperate Himalayas. Nepal, Wallich. Ktjmaon, alt.
5-8000 ft., Madden, Strach. and Winterb.
The very broadly ovate cordate obscurely lobed leaves, white cottony tomentum,
and above all the long glandular hairs of the young shoots and inflorescence best
distinguish this species, which has the other characters of R. moluccanus. It may
be likened to a dense-flowered glandular B. paniculatus, with broader leaves.

14. It. birmanicus, Hook./.-, eglandular, branches petioles and leaves

densely clothed with long spreading flexuous hairs, prickles very copious
hooked, leaves acutely palmately 5-lobed crenate rugose above white with
appressed down beneath, stipules and bracts cut into long capillary lobes,
flowers large, calyx-lobes broad, petals orbicular, carpels excessively numerous.

Birma

in the Patkaye hills, E. of the Assam frontier, Griffith.

Branches flexuous, hairs red brown when dry prickles stout recurved flattened
extending to petioles and nerves beneath, but not to the panicle, compressed. Leaves
3-4 in. diam., rather coriaceous, lobes extending nearly half way down, triangular,
dark above when dry with pubescent nerves, dirty brownish white beneath petiole
stipules ^ in., as broad as long across the almost capillary divisions.
1^ in., stout
Panicle (in bud only) narrow with short branches, and bracts^ as large as the stipules
buds very broadly ovoid, densely tomentose but not hairy like the peduncles and
pedicels.
Calyx-tube hemispheric, lobes broad subacute, entire. Petals equalling
the calyx-lobes, clawed. Stamens excessively numerous, in many series. Carpels
upwards of 100, glabrous, styles very slender with a few hairs on the stigma
receptacle villous. A very remarkable species.
;

15. It.

Treutleri, Hook.

with spreading flexuous

f. ; more or less glandular, softly tomentose

hair3, prickles slender nearly straight, leaves orbicular-

332

li.

eosaceje.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rnbus.

cordate with 5-7 shallow crenate lobes, stipules leafy pectinate, flowers large
solitary clustered or in short panicles, bracts leafy persistent, petals orbicular
Rubus No. 24, Hook.f. $ Thorns. Herb.
small, carpels very numerous hairy.
Ind, Or.

Eastern temperate Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft., Dr. Treutler.

A large leafy erect bush, with often glandular bristles mixed with the soft
prickles passing into bristles, someflexuous hairs that cover all parts more or less
times slightly decurved. Leaves 2-6 in. diam., membranous, green, with scattered
hairs above lobes shallow, rounded or acute, crenatures acute petiole short or long
and slender, sometimes 3 in. stipules ^ in., almost orbicular in outline, concave,
Flowers f-1 in. diam., shortly pedicelled; bracts sometimes reduced to
green.
narrow segments. Calyx-tube hemispheric, villous and often bristly lobes large, often
leafy and laciniate, or pectinately pinnatifid. Petals nearly orbicular, much smaller
than the calyx, white or pink. Stamens very numerous. Carpels about 100. style
very slender, stigma hairy. This and B. birmanicus belong to the group with B.
Hookeri, all having very numerous carpels and dry fruits.
;

Series

II.

Leaves digitately or pedately 3-5-foliolate.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so beneath.

16. XI. frag arioides, Bertoloni Miscell. xxii. 16, t. 5 ; herbaceous, unarmed, stem petioles and peduncles faintly pubescent, leaflets 3 or 5 obovate or
orbicular with a cuneate base lobulate quite glabrous, lobules with acute sinus

and coarse

teeth, calyx-tube glabrous, lobes ovate-lanceolate quite entire.

Eastern Temperate Himalaya in swamps; Sikkim,

alt.

10-13,000

ft.,

J. D. H.,

C. B. Clarice.

A very

small species stem chiefly subterranean, slender, woody, sending up very

short floriferous branches bearing one or two pedately 3-5-foliolate leaves. Leaflets
membranous, contracted into the 1-3 in. very slender petiole
stipules \ in.,
broadly ovate, obtuse, toothed or quite entire. Flowers f in. diam., white, peduncle
-1 in. slender. Calyx-tube glabrous lobes acuminate, tips slender. Petals obovate,
acute.
Carpels about 5, not seen ripe. Very near to B. triflorus, Richards. &.
japonica of Japan see Maximovicz Diagnoses, Dec. x. 375.
;

R. alpestris,

and
narrowed at
both ends acutely crenate-serrate, stipules linear-lanceolate, flowers 1-3 terminal on slender peduncles, calyx prickly, lobes caudate, carpels many glabrous.
Miguel, Fl. Lnd. Bat.i. part 1, 378. R. pentagonus, Wall. Cat. 731.
17.

Blume, Bijd. 1108

erect, nearly glabrous, calyx

stipules eglandular, prickles small scattered, leaflets

3-5

elliptic

;
from Garwhal, alt. 7-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000
Distrib. Java.
straggling shrub, with the young parts pubescent ; stem stout, cylindric
prickles few, short, slightly curved.
terLeaflets 2-4 in., membranous, subsessile
minal the largest, lateral often oblique nerves 7-10 pair, slender, arched, sometimes
faintly pubescent beneath ; petiole 1-2 in., sometimes pubescent, usually armed
stipules small, membranous, usually glandular.
Flowers f-1 in. diam., usually solitary, rarely 3-nate
peduncles armed or not, more or less pubescent and glandular.
Calyx armed, rarely unarmed, densely pubescent or glabrate lobes often \ in.
pubescent in the outer margins and within, suberect in fruit. Petals white, orbicular,
shorter than the calyx.
Stamens 1 -seriate. Fruit globose; drupes 12-15, large,
glabrous, stone rugose.

Temperate Himalayas

ft.

Thomson!, Focke Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein,

198 ; prostrate, slender, eglandular, prickles few very small, leaflets
3 broad-ovate acuminate two lateral much the smallest crenate or serrate very
18.

Bremen

It.
iv.


Rulus.]

rosacea.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

333

stipules filiform, flowers axillary solitary or in very short racemes

or panicles, calyx unarmed, lobes acute or caudate, carpels many pubescent.

membranous,

alt. 8-11,000 ft., J, D. H., &c.

slender trailing species, nearly glabrous or with pubescent branches petioles
peduncles and nerves of the leaflets beneath, rarely above. Leaflets very membranous, terminal 2 in., often rhomboid-ovate, contracted at the base lateral usually
not half the size, petiolate petiole slender, 1-2 in., with few prickles stipules entire
or divided. Flowers \-% in. diam., peduncles and pedicels short. Calyx-tube nearly
glabrous lobes pubescent, sometimes produced and leafy, suberect in fruit. Petals
Fruit globose ; drupes many, pale red, pubescent stone
small, orbicular, red.

Sikkim Himalaya,

minutely pitted.

** Leaves silky beneath.

10. R. lineatus, Reimv. in Blume Bijcl. 1108; eglandular, prickles
or few small scattered, leaflets 3 or 5 elliptic oblong or lanceolate cilia te-seri ate
caudate-acuminate, beneath with many straight nerves and dense silky silvery
tomentmn, calvx-lobes ovate acuminate silky. Miquel Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. part i.
378. R. pulcherrimus, Hook. Ic. PL t. 729-730. Rubus 9p. f Clarke in Journ,
<
Linn. Soc. xv. 141.

Sikkim Himalaya*,

Distrib. Java.
alt. 6-9,000 ft.
strong suberect herb branches softly pubescent, young silky prickles when
4-5
by |-2 in., subsessile, coriaceous, acuminate or
present straight. Leaflets 3 or 5,
cuneate at the base, often doubly-serrate, upper surface glabrous ribbed, under
20-30
nerves
on
each
side, one to every tooth; petiole 1^2 in.,
shining with
straight
stipules |-^ in., membranous, ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, glabrate.
pubescent
Flowers in axillary short heads and terminal elongate silvery panicles, -1 in. diam.
bracts large, concave, orbicular, membranous. Petals obovate, shorter than the calyx,
white. Drupes numerous, small, red, stone rugose.
Very variable in the size of the
flowers and breadth of the leaflets.
Var. 1. angustifolia ; smaller, leaflets much narrower.
Var. 2. glabrior leaflets silky beneath on the nerves only. Mishmi, Griffith.

20. R. Anderson!, Hook.f. ; glandular, unarmed, young shoots petioles

inflorescence hispid with spreading gland-tipped hairs, leaflets 3 or 5
elliptic or elliptic-oblong caudate-acuminate ciliate-serrate, beneath with many
straight nerves and dense silvery silky tomentum, calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate caudate. Rubus Sp., Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 141.

and

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 7-8000 ft., J. D. H., Anderson.

Very similar in foliage to broad-leaved states of R. lineatus, but at once distinguished by the almost setose purple gland-tipped spreading hairs, the long
caudate-acuminate calyx- lobes which are also setose, and flowers in terminal broad
panicles with long pedicels. It is a very rare plant I gathered it near Darjeeling, as
did Mr. C. B. Clarke, and on Sinchul. Dr. Anderson's specimens are stated to befrom Punkabarri in a hot region, but I suspect some error.
;

Series HI.

Leaves pinnately

3-foliolate.

* Stems slender creeping or prostrate.

21. R. saxatilis, Linn. ; Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 691
eglandular,
glabrous or slightly pubescent, prickles few slender straight, leaflets 3 rhombicovate somewhat lobed acutely doubly-toothed, calyx unarmed, lobes ovatelanceolate acute longer than the narrow petals, carpels few glabrous.
;

Western temperate Himalayas in the Tibetan region from Kashmir to Kumaon,

10-11,000 ft. Western Tibet, Dras, alt. 10,000 ft.Distrib. Caucasus and
westward to the Atlantic, Siberia, Dahuria.

alt.

334

rosacea.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Ruhts.

Stems annual from a stout woody rhizome, short, erect. Leaflets 2-3 in., membranous, the lateral subsessile with cuneate bases and often a lobed outer margin ;
Flowers $ in. diam.,
stipules linear or linear-oblong.
petiole very slender, 3-5 in.
Calyx-tube short,
1-4, shortly pedicelled on the top of a slender axillary peduncle.
;

glabrous,

unarmed

lobes lanceolate, erect in fruit. Petals white, small, slender.

stone reticulated.

Fruit with few large scarlet drupes

22. XI. nutans, Wall. Cat. 738; eglandular, unarmed, stern petioles
peduncles and calyx-tube clothed with flexuous hairs or bristles, leaflets 3
orbicular or subrhoinboidal obscurely lobed acutely doubly toothed, calyx-lobes
large caudate-acuminate pinnatifid towards the tips, shorter than the obovate
Hook. Bat. Mag. t. 523 Edg worth in Trans.
petals, carpels few glabrous.
Linn. Soc. xx. 45.
;

Temperate Himalayas, from Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 8-10,000 ft.

Stems as thick as a sparrow quill, 1-2 ft. long from a woody rootstock hairs
rather stiff, red-brown when dry. Leaflets H-3 in. long and broad, membranous,
glabrous and dark-green above, hairy along the nerves beneath, base cuneate,
petiole 2-4 in.
stipules large, broadly ovate or oblong,
lateral shortly petiohilate
Flowers usually solitary, axillary, l in. diam.; peduncle stout.
entire or toothed.
Calyx-tube villous, lobes J-i in. Fruit of few scarlet drupes stone smooth.
Var. nepalensis more slender, smaller in all its parts, leaflets $-1$ in., flowers
East Nepal, Tambur River,
.V-f in. diam., calyx lobes acuminate, not quite entire.
alt. 9000 ft,, J. D. H:
;

23. R. Fockeanus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1875, ii. 206 ; eglandular, unarmed, stem petioles and peduncles pubescent, leaflets orbicular finely
toothed, nearly glabrous on both surfaces, flowers solitary, calyx-tube glabrous
or sparsely setose, lobes ovate-lanceolate quite entire.

Eastern temperate Himalaya Sikktm on the Lachoong River and Phullalong

alt. 10-14,000 ft. J.J). K, C. B. Clarke.
Stems wholly procumbent, widely creeping, slender, very sparingly pubescent.
Leaflets f-1 in. diam., not shining above, and with very few hairs on the nerves beneath, lateral petiohilate
petiole 1 in.
stipules \ in., oblong, obtuse, toothed or
quite entire. Flowers on very short lateral shoots; peduncle exceeding the petiole.
Calyx \ in. across the lobes, tube almost glabrous, lobes acuminate. Petals not seen.
Fruit a few red drupes stone quite smooth. The small size, absence of long hairs,
opaque foliage and smooth stone of the drupes distinguish this at once from R.
;

and Singalelah,

nutans.

R. Hookeri, Foeke Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen,

stem petioles and inflorescence pubescent with copious soft
197 (1874)
hairs and glandular bristles, prickles few straight, leaflets 3 large rhomboidovate or -orbicular caudate-acuminate lobulate and toothed, stipules pectinate,
flowers large solitary and in few-flowered axillary panicles, calyx hispid, lobes with
filiform points, carpels very numerous.
R. macrocarpus, Kurz MSS., Clarke in
24.

iv.

Journ. IAnn. Soc. xv. 141.

Eastern temperate Himalaya Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft.
shrub, almost hispid with gland-tipped hairs, prickles slender.
Leaflets
petiolulate, often subequal, 2-5 in., bright green, bases acute or rounded, upper surface
petiole
glabrous with pubescent nerves, under also glabrous with hairy nerves
2-3 in. stipules orbicular or broadly oblong, foliaceous, recurved, villous. Flowers
l-2 in. diam., with often persistent foliaceous pectinate bracts. Calyx pubescent,
Petals much
bristly, lobes 1 in., triangular-ovate, often laciniate, spreading in fruit.
Carpels
smaller than the calyx, orbicular, greenish-white. Stamens very numerous.
2-300
or more, and base of long filiform conniving styles, vilin a dense cluster of
;

A low

Bubus.']

li.

rosacea.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

335

Fruit globose, f in. diam. outer carpels dry, glabrous below villous above,
imbricating over the inner succulent carpels endocarp pitted receptacle broad, hemispherical, velvety, intruded at the base.
lous.

** Stems erect sarmentose or climbing.

R.

niveus, Wall. Cat. 734; eglandular, bristles 0, branches and

25.
petioles glabrous or tomentose, prickles recurved, leaflets 3 (rarely 5 ) coarsely
or finely double-toothed lateral obliquely ovate acuminate terminal elliptic ovate
or rounded lobulate or lobed, glabrous above, usually white with dense pubescence beneath, stipules filiform, flowers in lateral and terminal few-flowered
tomentose corymbs, calyx-lobes acuminate or caudate, petals small obovate pink,
R. gracilis, Roxb. Cat. Hort. JBeng. 39 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 519.
carpels many villous.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Bhotan, at elevation of 6-10,000 ft. in

the west and 5-11,500 ft. in the east.
A large rambling bush, without bristles or gland-tipped hairs ; very variable in
Stem stout and branches often purple, young often quite glabrous and
all its parts.
glaucous or thickly or thinly tomentose prickles short, scattered, pale. Leaflets
1-5 in., entire or lobulate, toothed or crenate, acute acuminate or caudate, terminal
sometimes cordate, usually membranous and glabrous, above sometimes (R. concolor)
green and glabrous beneath also petiole slender, 1-2 in., with usually 1-2 prickles.
Flowers \-\ in. diam., usually on slender unarmed pedicels, lower axillary often solitary, upper corymbosely arranged on a long peduncle, nodding bracts filiform. Calyx;

lobes ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, 5 in., tomentose on both

tube short, flat
Petals much smaller than the calyx-lobes.
surfaces, spreading or reflexed in fruit.
Stamens very numerous. Fruit globose, large or small, of few or many dry or fleshy
drupes ; stone pitted. Closely allied to R. lasiocarpus. I find it impossible to
arrange satisfactorily the forms of this most puzzling plant; the following are
;

noticeable.

Var. niveus proper ( Wall. Cat. 734), softly pubescent, leaflets 2-3 in. membranous
ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate lobulate and very acutely deeply toothed, corymbs
Nepal and all along the Himalaya.
of 10-12 shorly pedicelled flowers in. diam.
Var. pedunculosus more robust, leaflets 3-5 in. broader bases more rounded,
flowers solitary or in pairs on slender pedicels in. diam., R. pedunculosus, Don
Wall. Cat. 729. Nepal, Sikkim.
Prodr. 234
Var. racemosus softly tomentose, flowers in short terminal racemes shortly pedicelled suberect. Kashmir, Jacquemont, Falconer. Murree, Fleming (" fruit large yellow
brown "). Kashmir, Clarke (fruit bright red) who also has a densely cottony subvar.
with abbreviated racemes (Kashmir, 8000 ft.). This resembles what a hybrid with

might be,
Var. hypargyrus leaflets -1 in., sometimes 5, doubly serrately-toothed membranous hoary beneath all over or on the nerves only, or quite glabrous. R. hypargyrus,
Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 45. R. concolor, Royle MSS. Approaches R. lasio-

corylifolius

carpus.

Var. Aitchisoni slender, finely tomentose, leaflets broad membranous with very
large crenatures, fruit f in. diam. of very numerous orange fleshy almost glabrous
drupes. Kashmir common at 7000 ft., Aitchison " fruit eatable."
Var. microcarpa; branches and petiole (6 in.) nearly glabrous, leaflets 4-6 in.
broad membranous lobulate and crenate, flowers in., fruit very small of 30-40 quite
glabrous dry drupes. Sikkim, Lachen, alt. 9000 ft., J. D. H.
Var. concolor leaflets as variable as any of above forms, usually membranous
glabrous or nearly so beneath acutely inciso-serrate or toothed or coarsely crenate,
flowers corymbose, sepals -1 in.
R. concolor, Wall. Cat. 733. From Kashmir to
Kumaon. This passes into var. hypargyrus.
Var. Falconeri similar to var. concolor but carpels quite glabrous
N. "W. India,
Falconer.
On the Kishengunga west from Kashmir, Stewart. This connects R. niveus
with R. ccesius, L.
According to priority, Roxburgh's name of S. gracilis should be retained for this
;


336

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rubus.

plant, but I am disinclined to replace so excellent, well known and suggestive a one
as ntieus for another that is in no way distinctive of the species.

26. XI. macilentus, Camb. inJacquem. Toy. 2?o. 49, t. 60; nearly glabrous,
eglandular, prickles stout flattened straight or hooked, leaflets 3 ovate or ovatelanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate doubly-crenate-toothed, stipules setaceous,
peduncles axillary and subterminal 1-3-flowered, carpels many glabrous. R.
uncatus, Wall. Cat. 750. R. asper, Hb. Royle.

Temperate Himalaya from Hazara, alt. 4-6000

5-9000 ft. to Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 6-9000 ft.
;

ft.,

Stewart, and

Kishtwar,

alt.

Stems trailing, stout, red-brown, obtusely angled, shining prickles much flattened, - in. Leaflets ^-2 in., rigidly coriaceous, brown when dry, glabrous on both
surfaces, terminal usually ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate, lateral sessile, smaller,
sometimes orbicular ; midrib beneath with hooked prickles petiole stiff, sometimes
pubescent along the grooved upper surface.
Flowers j$ in. diam. ; peduncles J-f in.,
pubescent, rarely 2-3-flowered.
Calyx silky outside, tomentose within lobes cauPetals orbicular-obovate, clawed, exceeding the sepals, white.
date, erect in fruit.
Fruit globose, enclosed in the calyx drupes 20-30, yellow or red, glabrous, seated on
a columnar pubescent receptacle ; stone rugged.
;

sikkimensis, Hook. f. ; glandular-hairy and covered with longr

.
27.
straight prickles, leaflets 3 ovate acuminate lobulate and coarsely crenate glandular above nearly glabrous beneath, stipules linear, peduncles axillary 1-2flowered, calyx glandular and hispid, lobes caudate, carpels numerous glabrous.
Subalpine Sikkim Himalaya; Lachen, alt. 12-13,000 ft., J. D. H.
A small shrub, dark brown when dry stems stout gland-tipped hairs long
spreading, half as long as the quite-straight shining prickles. Leaflets 1-2 in., terminal, sometimes deltoid-ovate, base rounded or subcordate, lateral subsessile, smaller,
narrower petiole 1-3 in., very slender, pubescent stipules \ in. Peduncles \-\ in.,
pubescent glandular and bristly as is the calyx. Flowers f in. diam., inclined.
CaPetals red-purple.
lyx-lobes lanceolate, pubescent on both surfaces.
This in many
respects resembles R. pungens, Camb., and R. horridulus, H. f.
;

28. It. ellipticus, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx, Rubus 16 ; shaggy with
spreading flexuous hairs, prickles scattered stout hooked, leaflets 3 orbicular obovate or elliptic obtuse or abruptly acute toothed pale and pubescent beneath,
panicles axillary and terminal dense-flowered, calyx-lobes mucronate or acumiDC. Prodr. ii. 563 Wall. Cat. 740 in part. R. rotundinate, carnels silky.
folius, Wall. Cat. 730. R. Gowry-pkul, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 39. R. Gowreephul,
Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 517; W. $ A. Prodr. 298 ; Wight Ic. t. 230.
R. flavus,
Ham. in Don, Prodr. 234; Brand. For. Flor. 197 ; Kwz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm.
i. 438. R. sessilifolius, Miq. PI. Ind. Or. Hohenack, 438, 1153. ? R. paniculatus,.
;

Moon.

Cat. Ceyl. PI.

Temperate and subtropical Himalaya, from Sirmtjr, alt. 2-7000 ft. to Sikkim, alt.
4-7000 ft. and Bhotan. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. Birma. Western Grhats from
Canara southwards. Ceylon, central province, alt. 4-7000 ft. Distrib. Yunan.
A tall suberect bush branches stout, spreading and recurved, obscurely angled
;

hairs red-brown, often very dense, covering a softer down with occasional glandular
hairs prickles stout, hardly compressed.
Leaflets 2-4 in., coriaceous, dark green
above, rarely glabrous beneath ; petiole 1-3 in. stipules subulate. Panicles small,
bracts setaceous. Flowers ^- in. diam.
Calyx
many-flowered, pedicels short
densely pubescent and bristly or not lobes ovate, acute acuminate or obtuse and muPetals obovate, larger than the calyx, white.
Stamens
cronate, erect in fruit.
1 -seriate.
Fruit globose, exposed; drupes on a cylindric hairy receptacle, many,
golden yellow, succulent stone rugose.
Var. hirta leaflets green beneath. R. hirtus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 Fl. Ind. ii.
;

Bubu8.~\

li.

rosacea.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

337

E. Wallichianus, Wt. $ Am. Prodr. 298 Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 89

ellippart Wall. Cat. 740 R. affinis, Madden MSS. Himalaya and Western Ghats.
Var. denudata shaggy hairs absent or very rare. R. rotundifolius, Wall. Cat.
730 in part. Kumaon, Bhotan.

518

ticus. in

DC

Prodr. ii. 560 var. discolor eglanduR. fruticosus, Linn.

branches robust and leaves beneath hoary with white stellate tomentum,
prickles short scattered hooked, leaflets orbicular obovate or elliptic obtuse or
acute, stipules setaceous, flowers in dense thyrsoid terminal panicles, calyx-lobes
short acute reflexed in fruit, carpels quite glabrous. R. discolor, Weihq 8f Nees
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 695.
29.

lar,

Western temperate Himalaya, alt. 3-7000 ft. from Murree to Jamtj. Distrib.
Afghanistan and westward to the Atlantic.
Stems arched, obtusely angled, channelled prickles stout. Leaflets sometimes 5
at the base of the stem, 1-2 in., coriaceous, sometimes abruptly acuminate
petiole
Panicles 6-10 in.; branches
1 in., flattened above; stipules subulate, velvety.
I-
short, very stout, densely tomentose pedicels stout, short bracts often toothed or laciFlowers -f in. diam. Calyx-tube short, lobes woolly on both surfaces, sharply
niate.
reflexed in fruit.
Petals obovate. pink.
Stamens very numerous, in many series.
drupes many, fleshy, black
receptacle deciduous
Fruit small, globose
stone
;

pitted.

30. XI. Clarkei, Hook. f. herbaceous ?, eglandular, branches petioles and

peduncles very slender faintly pubescent and with copious slender acicular
straight prickles, leaflets 3 orbicular obtuse and coarsely doubly crenate laxly
pubescent beneath, stipules oblong green, peduncles l~3-flowered axillary, calyx;

lobes lanceolate.

Kashmir, at Sonamung,

alt. 9250 ft., C. B. Clarke.

perhaps herbaceous species branches probably armed, soft,
green, laxly clothed with spreading hairs; prickles numerous, very slender, quite
straight, not extending to the midribs.
Leaflets 2-3 in. long, nearly as broad, dark
green, rounded or cuneate at the base, petiolulate petiole 1-3 in., slender
stipules
persistent, obtuse or acute, entire or serrate, pubescent. Flowers drooping, ^in. diam.,
bracts green, small, oblong,
solitary in the lower axils, corymbose in the upper
Calyx-tube not bristly, densely pubescent lobes narrow-lanceolate. Fruit
acute.
Of this very distinct species 1 have seen no
of few glabrous drupes; stone pitted.

A very slender small

flowers.

31. XI. antennifer, Hooh.f. ; eglandular, branches petioles and peduncles

laxly pubescent and with copious slender straight acicular prickles, leaflets 3 orbicular-ovate acuminate lobulate and acutely doubly toothed, faintly pubescent
beneath, stipules linear-lanceolate acuminate, corymbs axillary and terminal,
calyx-lobes ovate with long slender tips, carpels very many glabrous.

Kashmir Sonamurg, alt. 8500 ft., C. B.

A much stouter plant than R. Clarkei,
;

Clarke.

similarly clothed with slender straight

prickles and soft hairs, but the leaflets are more coriaceous, very acutely toothed, the
lateral sessile, the terminal cordate, and the inflorescence and flowers are quite difStipules J-i in., green, persistent, quite entire.
ferent.
Peduncles often 2-3 in.,
stiff, erect, the terminal continuing the branch and bearing a branched corymb
pedicels often long and slender; bracts filiform.
Flowers erect, f-1 in. across the sepals.
Calyx not or hardly bristly, tomentose lobes pubescent on both surfaces, ovate, suddenly contracted into filiform tips often as long as themselves. Petals orbicular-obovate, white, about equalling the limb of the calyx. Carpels on a columnar pubescent
;

receptacle.

32. It. purpureus, Bunge LJnum. Plant. Chin. Bar. 24

glandular,
branches petioles inflorescence and calyxes densely covered with small deflexed
;

YOL.

II.

338

LI.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rubus.

3 (rarely 5) broad-ovate coarsely acutely doubly crenate white

beneath, cymes axillary few-flowered, flowers drooping, carpels pubescent.

prickles, leaflets

Western temperate Himalaya, Ktinawub, in the Tibetan region, alt. 11-14,000 ft.,
Distbib. N. China.
purple glandular hairs few, scatstout, shining, pale or dark yellowish
tered; prickles short, flattened, straighter on the petioles and inflorescence. Leaflets
2-4 in., glabrous above, terminal broad-ovate or orbicular, cordate lateral sessile,
smaller petiole 1-3 in., stout, pale, coloured like the stem stipules setaceous, glandular.
Flowers in. diam., solitary in the lower axils, 2-4 in peduncled cymes in
the upper.
Calyx pubescent and bristly lobes ovate-lanceolate, finely acuminate,
T.

Thomson.
Branches

Fruit enclosed in
Petals smaller than the calyx, orbicular-oblong,
erect in fruit.
the calyx, globose, red, of many (about 20) tomentose drupes situated on a columnar
pubescent receptacle endocarp pitted. Very near R. colchicus, Herb. Stev., from the
Caucasus, if not a few-flowered variety of that plant. Jaeschke sends 5-foliolate
leaves of apparently this species from Lahul.
Vab. subinermis, more slender and lax with the prickles reduced almost to bristles.
Kishtwar, Thomson Kashmir, Falconer, alt. 9250 ft., C. B. Clarke common in
water channels at 8-10,000 ft., Aitchieson. Clearly a lax state of the Tibetan drier
;

climate prickly plant.

lucens, Foche Batogr.

in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein, Bremen, iv.

eglandular, almost glabrous, prickles scattered short hooked, leaflets 3 ovate elliptic orbicular or ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate serrate
shining above, stipules linear, racemes axillary and terminal long slender, carpels
few hirsute. R. laevigatas, Wall. Cat. 1280.
33. It.

199 (1874)

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

3-4000

ft.,

Simons, &c.

Assam, Jenkins

Mishmi Hills,

Griffith.

Stem very stout, climbing lofty trees ; branches angled, grooved, quite smooth
prickles very short.
Leaflets 4-5 in., brown when dry, coriaceous, serratures simple,
acute, petiolules short and nerves beneath puberulous petiole 2-6 in., prickles many
or few stipules almost setaceous. Panicles 6-12 in., lower sometimes crowded in the
leaf-axils terminal slender, pubescent ; bracts subulate.
Flowers small, ^ in. diam.,
;

corymbs pedicels slender.

Calyx densely hoary tube very
short; lobes oblong, obtuse or apiculate, erect in fruit. Petals equalling the sepals,
pink or white, obovate, clawed. Stamens 20-30, in one series. Fruit enclosed in
the calyx drupes 6-8, sweet stone rugose receptacle low, pubescent.
in fascicles or short

Leaves pinnately 5-7-foliolate, upper

Sect. IV. Shrubs.

(or all in 37.

foliolo8us) sometimes 3-foliolate.

34. XI. biflorus, Ham. ; Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx. Rubus 9 ; eglandular,
prickles strong hooked, leaflets 3 or 5 ovate lobulate doubly toothed white and

tomentose beneath, stipules linear-lanceolate, flowers 1-3 together on axillary

slender peduncles drooping, calyx-lobes broad-ovate acuminate, carpels numerous woolly above.
Wall. Cat. 735 DC. Prodr. ii. 558 ; JSot. Mag. t. 4678.
;

Temperate Himalaya from Sibmobb, alt. 7-9000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8000 ft.,
and Bhotan.
A strong rambling shrub stems and branches quite glabrous, white with
glaucous bloom prickles very strong and much recurved. Leaves chiefly on short
lateral branches; upper sometimes 1-foliolate and 3-lobed leaflets l-l in., rarely
more, acutely tootned or serrate, pnbescent or hairy above, densely tomentose
beneath petiole slender, 1-2 in., prickly, pubescent stipules in. Peduncles ^-l
;

unarmed or

prickly, usually glabrous

bracts subulate.
Flowers |-f in. diam.
Calyx pubescent on both surfaces or glabrate outside
lobes broad, suberect or
spreading in fruit.
Petals equalling or exceeding the calyx, orbicular, white.

in.,

Stamens numerous. Fruit globose, f in. diam. drupes 20-30 golden yellow, succulent ; stone reticulated with pits ; receptacle columnar, villous.
;

Hubus.]

li.

rosace iE.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

339

35. R. lasiocarpus, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx. Rubus 6 : eglandular,

prickles scattered stout straight or hooked, branches glabrous very glaucous,
leaflets 5-9 ovate elliptic or ovate-lanceolate acutely toothed or serrate, beneath
ribbed and usually hoary with white tomentiun, terminal alone lobulate, stipules
subulate, corymbs small axillary and terminal tomentose, petals small red,
Prodr. 299
carpels many tomentose.
DC. Prodr. ii. 558. Wight. 8f
Wight. Ic. t. 232 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 64 ; Dalz. | Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 89 ;
Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 439. R. distans, Don Prodr. 256 (pinnatus 234).
R. Horsfieldii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 375. R. albescens, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 39 ; Flor. Ind. ii. 519. R. rosaeflorus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 519. R. rotundifolius, Royle III. 203 (name only).
R. mysorensis, Heyne in Roth Nov.
Gen. Sf Sp. 235. R. indicus, Heyne MSS. ? R. parvifolius, Moon Cat. Ceyl.
PI.
R. furfuraceus, Wall. Cat. 739. R. bijugus, Focke Batogr. in Abhandl.
Naturwiss. Verein, Bremen, iv. 200 (1874).

Am.

Temperate Himalaya, from Murree and Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft. (ascending
ft. in Kumaon), to Sikkim, alt. 4-10,000 ft.
Burma. "Western Peninsula
on the higher Ghats from Canara southwards. Ceylon, central province, alt.
4-7000 ft.Distrib. Java.
A large rambling very variable plant -branches cylindric, with coloured pruinose
bark, the very young only tomentose
prickles compressed, variable in size and
curvature, extending to the petioles and rachis, but not or rarely to the inflorescence.
Leaves 3-10 in. leaflets 1-3 in., rather coriaceous, opaque, glabrous or silky above,
almost plaited by the strong straight nerves, which are very prominent beneath, sometimes very acute, often doubly toothed and mucronate, terminal usually broad-ovate,
or even orbicular, rounded acute or cordate at the base lateral sessile, rarely ovate or
orbicular; petiole stout, grooved above, glabrous and shining or tomentose
stipules
\ in., linear-subulate. Corymbs axillary and terminal, simple or subpanicled, densely
tomentose or villous, or merely puberulous, on short or long (1-2 in.) peduncles,
2- many-flowered
Flowers *-f
pedicels long or short
bracts setaceous or filiform.
in. diam
Calyx densely woolly tube small lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute
acuminate or caudate, spreading or suberect in fruit laciniate and much lengthened
to 1500

Moulmayne specimens.

Petals deep pink, orbicular or broadly obovate, rarely

exceeding the calyx. Fruit \-\ in. diam., globose, hoary drupes numerous, dry, or
fleshy and then red or orange stone pitted ; receptacle columnar, villous.
It is as difficult to define the varieties of this Rubus as it is those of R. niveus, to
which they are in a degree analogous, and it is also difficult to separate the three
following species from it by constant definable characters.
Var. furfuraceus a large form, leaflets narrow 1-24 in. grey with very fine
down beneath, corymbs paniculate, terminal large much branched. R. furfuraceus,
in

Wall. Cat. 739, Ava.

Var. pauciflorus, a large very common Himalayan form, glabrous and shining
except the white undersurface of the leaves, with corymbs of many crowded small puberulous flowers. R. pauciflorus, Wall. Cat. 727 Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t. 854. K. longifolius, Wall. MSS.
R. Ischelus, Herb. Ham. R. distans, Don Prodr. 256 (pin;

natus, 234).

Var. micranthus much smaller in all its parts, leaves almost glaucous beneath.
R. micranthus, Bon Prodr. 235. Nipal, Wallich.
Var. sericeus leaflets 2-3 in. coarsely serrate pale green membranous beautifully
silky on both surfaces paler but not white beneath, corymbs many-flowered, sepals
lanceolate.
Kishtwar, Thomson.
Var. membranaceus leaflets 2-3 in. coarsely crenate-toothed very membranous
perfectly glabrous above faintly downy beneath, corymb terminal compound.
Kumaon, Strach. $ Winterb. (18). Sikkim, J. D. H.
Var. rosafolius quite glabrous except the branches of the corymbs and margins of
sepals, leaflets l-l in. inci so-serrate membranous, dark brown when dry, flowers
small in axillary corymbs, sepals with filiform points. Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft., J. D.
Var. subglaber, Thwaites Enum. 101 ; leaflets l-l in. rounded, finely crenate;

z2

340

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rubus.

dark brown when dry, midrib beserrate faintly pubescent on the nerves beneath
neath often prickly. Ceylon. Kurz (Jour?i. As. Soc. Beng. 1876, pt. ii. 307) refers
Roxburgh's B. rosaflorus to B. rosoefolius, Sm., but a reference to Hardwick s description cited by Roxburgh proves that this cannot be correct.
;

36. XI. racemosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 519 ; branchlets petioles .and
inflorescence clothed with glandular hairs, prickles straight or hooked, leaflets
5-7 ovate or orbicular-ovate acutely toothed, beneath usually densely whitetomentose, stipules lanceolate, corymbs axillary and terminal, calyx prickly,
R. lasiocarpus, Sm., Var. f Miq. PI.
petals large red, carpels many villous.

Exsicc. Hohenaek. No. 1152.

Nilghiki Mts., Adam, Gardner, &c. Pulney Mts., Wight.

I cannot doubt this being an extreme form of B. lasiocarpus, readily distinguishable by the copious glandular bristles and hairs, the usually densely tomentose
the leaflets
branches, corymbs, petioles, &c, and the prickly calyx and large petals
too are usually broader, very coriaceous, glabrous above or with sometimes copious
In Hohenacker's specimens however the branchlets and
almost woolly hairs.
The
petioles are nearly glabrous, and in all the branches are beautifully pruinose.
Wight's Pulney mountain specimens have the
sepals are caudate and quite entire.
leaflets more membranous, almost glabrous* beneath except along the nerves, like var.
I have seen no authentic specimen of Eoxburgh's plant
subglaber of B. lasiocarpa.
(which Kurz (Andaman Report) refers to lasiocarpus) and refer the above to it as
the only Peninsular species according with his description.
;

eglandular,
37. It. foliolosus, Don Prodr. 256 (microphallus, p. 234)
branches petioles and inflorescence villous or densely tomentose, priekles
straight or hooked, leaflets 3-7 small ovate or almost orbicular coarsely crenatetoothed or serrate white-tomentose beneath, flowers small in axillary branched
long peduncled corymbs, petals smallVed, carpels villous. R. Roylei, Klotzsch
in Iteise Pr. Waidem. JSot. 154, t. 6. R. parvifolius, Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxx.
Rubus 21, not of Linn. Wall. Cat. 736.
;

Central and Western temperate Himalayas. Nipal, Wallich Chamba to Ktjmaon,

alt. 5-8000 ft., Thomson, &c.
Except by its usually prostrate habit and much smaller size, I do not think that
In Wallich's specimens the leaflets are
this is distinguishable from B. lasiocarpus.
4 in. long, lateral orbicular cuneate, terminal lobed, are very pubescent above and
white beneath, but in Thomson's and others they become more ovate glabrous above
and almost silky beneath or even glabrous except along the nerves as in varieties of
The flowers are numerous, about ^ in. diam., with pink petals equalling
lasiocarpus.
the calyx-lobes and the fruit is very small, white and villous. Don, misled by a
specimen of B. biflorus sent under the same name by Wallich (and fastened on the.
same sheet in Herb. Linn. Soc), describes the peduncles as 3-flowered. Maximovicz
Diagn. x. 392, is certainly wrong in referring this to the B. parvifolius, Linn.
;

38. XI. opulifolius, Bertol. Misc. Bot. xxii. 16, t. 4; inflorescence

glandular-hairy and as well as the stout branches and petioles densely softly
tomentose, prickles few straight or hooked, leaflets 3-5 acute or acuminate
crenate-toothed coriaceous densely clothed beneath with white wool, lateral
elliptic terminal broader lobed, flowers in axillary and terminal subsessile
abbreviated racemes, calyx with glandular bristles, petals small red, carpels

many

silky.

Khasia Mt.,
Pani, alt. 4000

at Moflong, alt.
C. B. Clarke.

5500

ft.,

Griffith

J. D. H.

T. T.

Upper Kala

ft.,

A much more robust plant than B. lasiocarpus, with dense soft tomentum on the
young and even on last year's branches, the older of which are however glaucous and
pruinose (as in all these red-flowered species) prickles when straight large and
;

much

flattened.

Leaflets 1-2|-

in.,

softly'

downy

or glabrous above, very white

Bubus."\

lt.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

341

beneath except the nerves which have a yellowish pubescence petiole stout, prickly
Flowers much crowded, in. diam. bracts
or not ; stipules setaceous, quite entire.
Calyx densely tomentose and bristly lobes lanceolate,
setaceous, very tomentose.
Carpels with long silky hairs, not
acuminate, quite entire. Petals obovate-oblong.
tomentose as in the ordinary forms of B. ktsiocarpus. Fruit globose, of many fleshy
orange-red almost glabrous drupes stone deeply pitted. This is possibly another
extreme form of B. lasiocarpus, which (like B. racemosus) has become glandular.
;

eglandular, prickles very many crowded

f.
arched, leaflets 5-7 densely softly hairy incised-serrate,
petioles and single-flowered peduncles densely clothed with hooked prickles,
calyx-tube hemispheric densely clothed with straight prickles, petals purple,
39. It.

horridulus, Hook.

hooked, branches

carpels villous.

Bhotan, at Panga,

alt. 7600 ft., Griffith.

Branches cylindric, slender, glabrous, with usually straight slightly compressed
Leaves 9.-4 in.
petiole very slender, sparingly hairy, with numerous
prickles.
leaflets 3 ^ in., equally clothed with long soft flexuous
strongly hooked prickles
Peduncle clothed and armed like the
hair? on both surfaces, acute or acuminate.
Calyx-tube J in. diam., quite clothed with spreadpetioles, 1 in., always 1-flowered.
;

ing straight shining prickles

lobes large, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, quite
Petals small, purple according to
entire, pubescent on both surfaces, erect in fruit.
Griffith's notes.
Stamens very numerous. Carpels numerous, villous, with long
Fruit small, of 6-12 subpubescent drupes
straight white hairs.
stone reniform,
rugosely pitted. This appears to be in every way a very distinct species, but it is
impossible to say to what extent more copious materials may modify the above
description it is allied to B. sikkimensis, H. f, and pungens, Camb.
;

40. R. pung'ens, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 48, t. 59 eglandular except

sometimes the inflorescence and petioles, prickles many slender straight, stems
very long and slender, leaflets 5-7 membranous ovate deeply inciso-serrate
glabrous concolorous, flowers solitary or 2-3 axillary long-peduncled, calyx
densely prickly, lobes caudate, carpels with long hairs.
Maximov. Diagn.
;

x. 386.

Kashmir, Falconer, Jacquemont Shapinga, alt. 7000 ft., C. B. Clarke woods at

Khagan, 100 miles N.W. of Kashmir, alt. 8000 ft.,
at 8600 ft., Aitchieson.
Stewart.
Distrib. Japan (a variety).
;

Gulmuz

Branches long, lax, cylindric, trailing, green, glabrous except the pubescent tips.
Leaves 2-4 in., petiole very slender, sometimes glandular, unarmed or with faintly
hooked prickles leaflets 1-1 ^ in., sessile, bright-green on both surfaces, quite
glabrous or faintly hairy on the nerves beneath, terminal broader, cordate, 3-lobed
Flowers nearly 1 in. diam., erect peduncle
stipules narrow lanceolate or setaceous.
Calyx-tube hemispheric lobes sometimes in.
stout, slender, prickly and pubescent.
long, pubescent on both surfaces, spreading in fruit.
Petals obovate-spathulate,
longer than the calyx, white (?). Fruit globose, small drupes few, on a conical
glabrous receptacle, pubescent, stone minutely pitted.
Clearly closely allied to
B. horridulus and sikkimensis, but with more the habit of B. idceus or saxatilis.
The petals are multiplied in Falconer's specimen.
;

41. It. rosaefolius, Smith Ic. ined. iii. t. 60

glabrous or pubescent,
glandular-hairy or not, prickles scattered hooked, leaves long, leaflets 5-7 ovatelanceolate acuminate doubly inciso-serrate, green on both surfaces, stipules
subulate-lanceolate, flowers solitary and in very loose panicles, calyx-lobes
caudate, petals white exceeding the calyx, carpels excessively numerous, fruit
large of innumerable orange-red minute glabrous drupes.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
518 Wall. Cat. 728 Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Barm. i. 439 Hook. Ic. PI t. 349.
R. asper, Don Prodr. 234 Wall. Cat. 741. O. sikkimR. pinnatus. Willd.
;

342

rosacea.

li.

(J.

Otto Kunze MSS. in Herb. Clarke

Linn. Soc. xv. 140, not of Smith.

ensis,

D. Hooker.)
?

[Rubus.

R. paniculatus, Clarke in Journ.

Temperate Himalayas from Kumaon, alt. 7000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft.,
H. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft. Ava and Martaban Hills, Kurz. Distrib.
Java.
Naturalised and cultivated in the tropics and warm temperate regions;
flowers often double.
Stems erect or inclined branches slender, glabrous, pubescent or almost villous,
as are the petioles and peduncles, sometimes crinite with long dark-brown spreading
prickles sometimes verysimple or gland-tipped hairs (R. sorbifolius, Maxim.)
numerous, mostly straight on the stem and hooked on the petiole leaflets and inflorescences.
Leaves 2-5 in. long, bright green, never glaucous or white beneath
petiole slender, often prickly leaflets 1 -2 in., rarely more, membranous or coriaceous,
sessile or petiolulate
stipules linear-lanceolate or filiform, long-acuminate.
Flowers
f-1 in. diam. ; peduncles usually slender, prickly. Calyx glabrous or pubescent, not
prickly, tube small
lobes acute or acuminate or hair-pointed, or drawn out to a
serrated limb nearly an inch long; spreading in fruit.
Petals orbicular-obovate.
Carpels excessively numerous, glabrous, on a villous receptacle.
Fruit globose or
more often oblong drupes smaller than in any other species stone deeply pitted.
K. paniculatus, Roxb. (K. Eoxburghianus, Wall. Cat. 732.) from the Moluccas is
R. parvifolius, Linn.
Kumph. (Amboin. v. t. xlvii.), and perhaps also R. fraxinifolius, Poir.
it has larger leaves and smaller calyx and fruit than rosfpfolius.
R.
Javanicus, Celebicus and others are in various respects intermediate, and all may
prove forms of one common Malayan plant.

J. D.

&

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

E. hibiscifolius, Focke Batogr. in Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein, Bremen, iv. 197;

unarmed, stem smooth, floriferous branches slender and petioles puberulous, stipules
broadly linear obtuse deciduous, leaves petioled ovate or ovate-lanceolate cordate
long-acuminate 3-lobed unequally subincised-serrate hairy then glabrate above,
paler and puberulous on the nerves beneath, flowers crowded subfascicled shortly
peduncled forming a short narrow inflorescence, bracts ovate-lanceolate acute sometimes denticulate, calyx yellow tomentose cleft hardly to the middle, lobes shortly
triangular.
Leaves exactly like those of R. palmatus, Th., flowers like those of
R. moluccanus. Nipal, Wallich in Herb. Copenhagen {Focke). I have no idea what
this species can be I find nothing like it in Herb. Wallich.
K. Hoffmeisterianus, Kunth Sf Bouche Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1817 coll.) 14, is
I suppose R. niveus, Wall.

9.

GEUM, Linn.

Erect perennial herbs. Radical leaves crowded, pinnate; terminal leaflet

large
stipules adnate to the petiole.
Flowers solitary or corymbose, white yellow or red. Calyx persistent, 5-bracteolate lobes 5, imbricate or valvate. PeStamens very many, crowded. Disk smooth or with radiating grooves.
tals 5.
Carpels many, on a long or short receptacle ; style filiform, elongating much after
flowering, straight or bent
Achenes many, on a dry recepovules ascending.
tacle, each with a long filiform straight or bent terminal style which is often
hooked at the tip. Distrib. Temp, and cold regions of N. and S. hemispheres
species about 30.
;

Sect.
1.

I.

Cr.

Geum

proper.

urbanum,

Style in fruit

hooked

Linn.; Boiss. Flor. Orient,

at the tip or
ii.

690;

below

it.

erect, sparsely

softly hairy, lower leaves pinnatisect, leaflets 9-11 with the alternate smaller,
upper sessile, flowers erect, head of hispid achenes sessile. G. Roylei, Wall.

Cat. 713.

Western temperate Himalaya,

alt.

6-11,000

trib. Siberia and westwards to the Atlantic.

ft.,

from

Murree

to

Kumaon.

Dis-


Geum.~\

li.

rosaceje.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

343

Terminal leaflets of raStems 1-3 ft., stout or slender, from a woody rootstock.
dical leaves 2- 3 in. diam., orbicular, lobed and crenate lateral much smaller, often
;

cauline leaves sessile, broad, variously cut and

minute, sessile, cut and lobed
lobed stipules leafy, lobed and toothed. Flowers- -f in. diam. peduncle slender.
Petals yellow, narrowly obovate, equalling or exceeding the calyx-lobes, which are
acuminate and reflexed in fruit. Achenes spreading and recurved, hispid with long
hairs awn \ in., bent, hooked at the tip ; receptacle villous.
C. B. Clarke has a
very robust form from Kashmir (Alibad, 9,000 ft.).
;

Sieversia. Style straight in fruit.

G. el a turn, Wall. Cat. 711 sparingly hairy, leaves pinnatisect, leaflets
many short lobed and crenate, flowers erect, achenes hispid. Sieversia

Sect. II.
2.

very

elata,

Boyle

III.

207,

39.

t.

Subalpine and Alpine Himalaya; from Kashmir, alt. 9-12,000 ft. to Sikkim, alt
12-15,000 ft.
Rootstock stout, woody. Leaves 4-12 in., linear-oblong; leaflets -1 in., close and
imbricating or scattered, uniform or the alternate smaller, terminal orbicular, all
lobed and coarsely crenate, upper or all adnate by a broad base. Flowering stems with
few leaves and 1-6 flowers.
Flowers -1^ in. diam..
Calyx-lobes dt ^toid-ovate,
acute, silky, spreading in fruit.
Petals orbicular, yellow, much exceeding the calyx.
Carpels sessile on the base of the calyx, clothed with long silky hairs.
Achenes ellipsoid, acute at both ends, hairy
style | in., slender.
Vab. humile, Eoyle 1. c. smaller, 1 -flowered, Nipal Kumaon and Sikkim, alt.
12-15,000 ft. G. adnatum, Wall. Cat. 712. Potentilla adnata, Wall. MSS.; Lehm.
;

Pugill. ix. 9; Revis. PotentUl. 47,

10.

17.

t.

FRAGARIA, Linn.

Strawberry.

Perennial scapigerous herbs, with creeping stolons. Leaves digitately 3stipules adnate to the petiole.
rarely 5-foliolate very rarely pinnate or simple
Calyx persistent, with 5 bracteoles
Flowers white or yellow, often polygamous.
Petals 5.
Stamens many, persistent. Carat its base lobes 5, valvate in bud.
pels many, on a convex receptacle styles ventral, persistent
ovule 1, ascending.
Achenes many, minute, sunk in the surface of a large fleshy receptacle.
Distrib. Temp, and mountain regions of the N. hemisphere, S. America, Sand;

wich Islands, Bourbon

species

6 or

7.

* Floivers yellow.
1.

F. indie a, Andr.Bot. Rep.

t.

479; very slender,

serrate crenate or toothed, peduncles solitary

Roxb. Fl. Ind.
large cuneate-obovate 3-5-fid.

leaflets

3-5 obovate

axillary 1-flowered,

520

Wight

bracteoles

Am.

Prodr.
Rot. Reg. t. 61
Wall. Cat. 1236, excl. No. 3 for the
most part. F. malayana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 520. F. nilgirica, Zenker PI. Ind.
Dec. 1. 7,t. 9. F. arguta, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1237. F. Roxburghii, Wight 8f
Am. Prodr. 300, name only. Duchesnea fragarioides, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 372, et D. chrysantha, Miq. ibid. D. frax. 373
Potentilla denticulosa and Wallichiana, Ser. in DC.
giformis, Don Prodr. 233.
Prodr. ii. 573, 574 P. Durandii, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1. 444. P. fragariseWaldem. Bot. t. 10. P. trifida, Lehm. in Otto
folia, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr.
Garten, und Blumenzeit. vii. 263 Revis. PotentUl. 175.

300

Wight

Ic.

t.

989

ii.

8f

Temperate and subtropical Himalaya and along the foot of the hills from the Punjab to Assam, ascending to 7500 ft. in the east and 8000 ft. in the west.
Khasia
Mts. Nilghiri Mts. Penang {Roxburgh) Distbib. Affghanistan, Mountains of the
Malay Islands, Japan, Corea, and Formosa.
More or less silkily hairy. Rootstock stout, with many long slender prostrate stems.
Leaves distant; leaflets rarely 5, l-l in., petiolulate or sessile, membranous, simply

;.;

344

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Fragaria.

or doubly crenate or toothed or serrate, base cuneate entire, nerves parallel petiole
1-5 in., very slender; stipules leafy, toothed. Peduncles very slender, equalling' the
petioles, naked.
Calyx-lobes ovate or lanceolate ;_ bract eoles
Flowers -1 in. diam.
narrow or broad, often greatly exceeding the calyx-lobes, rarely quite entire. Petals
obovate, cordate, yellow.
Fruit spherical or oblong, bright red, spongy,' insipid
achenes minute, obscurely pitted.
very variable plant. I refer Potentilla deriticulosa doubtfully to it on the
authority of J. Gay (in Herb.), who has further verified the reference of the American P. Durandii toF. indica M. E. Durand in 1860 having informed him that this
plant was sent to him from Savannah, where it grew in the streets, and was no doubt
introduced.
;

** Floivers white.

P. vesca, Linn. leaflets sessile or nearly so many-toothed, fruit

globose or subglobose, calyx-teeth usually entire.
2.

Vab. nubicola slender, silvery, nearly glabrous, runners filiform, hairs on petiand few flowered peduncles appressed, calyx-lobes narrow spreading in fruit. F.
;

oles

nubicola, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1238.

Vab. ? collina, slender or stout runners with spreading hairs, hairs on petioles and
few- or many-flowered peduncles more copious spreading, calyx -lobes narrow or broad
spreading or suberect in fruit.
Temperate Himalaya, from Mtjbbee and Kashmir, alt/5- 10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt.
6-13,000 ft. Distrib. F. vesca, Affghanistan, Java, N. temp, zone.
I am quite unable to identify the Indian strawberries by means of the characters
given by authors to the European species, which differ in their several works. F. vesca
is defined by Boissier (Fl. Orient.) as having the petioles with spreading hairs, and the
peduncles with spreading or appressed ones Ledebour (Fl. Boss,) describes the hairs
In the
of its peduncles as appressed, and Decaisne ( Jardin /ruitier) as spreading,
common Himalayan Fragaria the hairs of both petals and peduncles are appressed in
some forms, in others those of the petiole are spreading and of the peduncle appressed,
and in still others both petiole and peduncle have spreading hairs. As the specimens
with most appressed hairs appear from dried specimens to have spreading calyx-lobes
I have referred them to R. vesca as var. nubigena.
I must remark however that J
Gay, who was the greatest living authority on Fragaria, and to whom I sent a series
of specimens, has regarded most of them as F. collina, but evidently with doubt; for a
Simla and a Kashmir specimen he tickets F. collina ? and then crosses out the mark
of interrogation, and a Kishtwar specimen he tickets first elatior? and then crosses that
name out substituting collina 1 and finally crosses out the mark of interrogation of those
marked collina by Gay some have appressed, others spreading hairs on both peduncle and petiole.
The Sikkim specimens, again, which I describe above as var. nubicola., are marked F. vesca without a doubt by M. Gay.
This slender silvery form
occurs throughout the temperate Himalaya ; it has often small accessory pinnules on
the petiole far below the tip and toothed or entire calyx -lobes.
;

P. nilg-errensis,

Schldl. in Hohenack. Plant. Ind. Or. Exdcc. No.

very robust, runners petioles and peduncles clothed with long stout spreading hairs, fruit subglobose or depressed, calyx-lobes entire spreading or suberect
in fruit.
F. elatior, Wight fy Am.
J. Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, viii. 206.
Prodr. 300
Wight Ic. t. 988.
.3.

1518

alt. 5000 ft. J. D. H. $ T. T. .Nnxmrai Mts., Wight, &c.

This will probably prove to be another form of F. vesca, and I find an approach
to it amongst the Himalayan specimens of that plant; and there are specimens of it
marked as from Sikkim in Griffiths' collection, but they are probably from Khasia

Khasia Mts.,

and mislabelled. Gay who elaborately describes it says that the calyx- lobes are erect
this they seem to be in dried specimens, but Wight's excellent figure (which Gay does
not refer to) shows them to be spreading. The fruit is white with a pale pink tint,
and not worth eating it is globose and inclined to be conoidal in the Nilghiris, but
a very depressed sphere in Khasia.
;


Fragaria.']

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

345

4. F; Daltoniana, J. Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. viii. 204; smaller,

slehdert hairy or nearly glabrous, runners filiform, leaflets petiolulate with few
teeth, ffkxwers solitary, fruit elongate-ovoid or fusiform, calyx-lobes and bracteoles tootMd spreading in fruit.
F. sikkimensis, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
1875,*"ii.

206.

Sikkim Himalaya,

alt. 10-15, 000 ft., J. J). H., Kurz, &c.

very distinct species, at once recognizable by its smaller proportions, petiolulate
leaflets with few teeth, toothed calyx-lobes, bracteoles, and curious fruit, which is
often nearly 1 in. by ^ in. broad, of a bright scarlet but with little flavour.

11.

POTENTILLA,

Linn.

Cinquefoil.

Perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves compound

stipules adnate to the
Flowers white or yellow, rarely red, solitary or in corymbose cymes.
Calyx persistent, 5- rarely 4-bracteolate lobes as many, valvate in bud. PeStamens many, rarely few and definite. Disk
tals as many, sometimes narrow.
annular or coating the calyx-tube.
Carpels many, rarely 1 or few, on a small
dry receptacle style persistent or deciduous, ventral or terminal ovule 1, penAchenes many, on a dry receptacle. Distrib. N. temp., Arctic, and
dulous.
mountain regions, very few are found in the south species 120.
;

petiole.

The

species of Potentilfa are very difficult of discrimination, being chiefly mountain

plants varying in habit and stature with elevation, much as Ranunculi do. I have no
doubt that several here regarded as peculiar, will prove forms of more western ones,
and those again of one wide spread European, Asiatic, and American plant. Lehman's
"Kevisio Potentillarum " is of little scientific value, and the 200 species it enumerates

Boissier in his " Flora Orientalis " has done exare reducible by at least one-third.
The character of the calyx and petals are excessively variable, and
that of the terminal and ventral style is not so good as might be supposed, the outer
carpels often differing somewhat from the inner in this respect. Smooth and wrinkled
achenes are not always definite characters. I am inclined to think that the structure
of the stigma is useful as a guide to the affinities of the species, but I hesitate to
introduce it without a study of the whole genus.
cellent work.

Sect.
*

I.

Sibbaldia.

Stamens

4,

5 or 10.

Flowers often unisexual.

Leaves simple.

1. P. trullifolia, Hooh.f.-, forming dense silky moss-like tufts, leaves

trowel-shaped or ^-orbicular tip truncate 3-fid, stamens 5, achenes many smooth,

styles short ventral.

Sikkim Himalaya; rocky places on the Tibet frontier, alt. 16-17,000 ft., J. D. H.
Tufts matted, an inch high, soft, of densely packed short branches from a woody
slender rootstock. Leaves \ in., densely imbricated, flat, clothed on both surfaces
with long silky hairs, tip with 3 broadly triangular obtuse teeth petiole short
Flowers
stipules very broad, membranous, with triangular acute free portions.
Calyx hemispheric, silky tube very short lobes
solitary, subsessile, in. diam.
Petals not seen.
bracteoles much smaller, narrow, oblong, obtuse.
ovate, obtuse
Stamens, rudiments of 5 seen. Achenes about 10, on a villous receptacle, quite
smooth.
;

** Leaves digitately 3- or 5-foliolate.

leaflets 3 obovate2. P. Sibbaldi, Holler f. in Ser. Mus. Helvet. i. 51
cuneate truncate 3-5-fid, flowers in branched cymes yellow 5-merous, achenes
smooth, style short ventral. P. procumbens, Clairv. Man. d'JEterbor. en Suisse
;


346

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Potentilla.

Sibbaldia, Griesselich Statistik d. Flor. Badem. 239.

Sibbaldia proS. cuneata,
S. parviflora, Willd. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 727.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx, 44.
S. cuneata, Kunze in Linnaa, xx. 59.

P.

166.

cumbens, Linn.

Edgw.

Alpine Himalaya and Western Tibet, alt. 12-15,000 ft. Distbib. Lofty
mountains of the N. temp, zone Arctic regions.
rootstock woody, depressed, branched.
Covered with rather stiff silky hairs
Leaves chiefly radical petiole in., slender; leaflets -in., rounded at the base, lobes
short broad subacute, nerves obscure stipules large, membranous. Flowering stems
Flowers pedicelled.
Calyx \ in. lobes triangular^-6 in. cymes leafy and silky.
lanceolate, erect in fruit bracteoles linear. Petals narrowly obovate, hardly exceeding
the calyx.
Stamens 5-10 (Edgew.) short. Achenes ovoid, smooth, obtuse, receptacle
flat hairy.
I can detect no difference whatever between the Sibbaldia parviflora
Willd. and S. procumbens, L., which latter varies greatly in size and hairiness and size
of petals. J. Gay (in Herb. Hook.) failed to distinguish them.
Var. micrantha more densely tufted and smaller in all its parts, flowers sometimes
solitary and alternate sessile amongst the leaves, calyx -% in. long.
"Western Tibet
Tibetan region of Sikkim, alt. 16,000 ft.
;

very small, silky, leaflets 3 obovate-cuneate

3. P. perpusilla, Hook. f.
truncate 3-fid, flowers in very short cymes 4-merous, achenes smooth, style
short ventral.
;

Alpine Himalaya, from Champura, Jacquemont, to Kumaon, alt. 12,000 ft. Strach.
Winterb. (with Potentilla 26), and the Tibetan region of Sikkim, alt. 16,000 ft.,

J.

D. H.

A much
Leaflets

smaller plant than P. Sibbaldi in all its parts, and always 4-merous.
Stamens 4. Achenes
in.
Flowers in. diam. Petals narrowly obovate,

10-12.
4. P. tetrandra, Bunge Enum. PI. Alt. 17 (Sibbaldia) ; densely tufted,
dioecious, silky, shining, leaflets 3 obovate-cuneate 3-fid, flowers yellow solitary or

in pairs subsessile 4-merous, achenes 4, style terminal.

Dryadanthe Bungeana,
Ledeb. Flor. Ross. ii. 33. Sibbaldia procumbens, var. tibetica, Hook. f. fy Thorns.
Herb. Ind. Or.

Western
kim,

alt.

Tibet,

15-16,000

alt.
ft.,

14-18,000

J. D.

ft.,

Falconer, Thomson,
Altai Mts.

and Tibetan region of Sik-

H. Distrib.

Forming dense moss-like patches covered with stout silky hairs. Stem densely
1-2 in. Petiole - in. leaflets about as long. Flowers rarely on short peCalyx-lobes triangular
duncles, usually sessile amongst the leaves, in. diam.

leafy,

bracteoles

Stamens

4,

linear.

obovate, much larger than

Achenes glabrous, smooth.

the calyx,

Petals

very short.

golden

yellow.

sparsely silky, stems prostrate very long

5. P. axilliflora, Hook. f.
and slender leafy throughout, leaflets 3 obovate acutely toothed, stipules small
ovate acute, flowers all axillary small on capillary pedicels, petals minute, stamens 5, carpels many, styles sub-basal. Fragaria indica, Wall. Cat. 1236, 3 in
;

part.

Western Himalaya, Kttmaon, Herb. Wallich.

Rootstock as big as a walnut, apparently very short and broad, sending off 60-100
very weak almost filiform stems 1-2 ft. long, which trail on the ground, and are leafand flower-bearing along their length. Leaves chiefly cauline; leaflets |^-| in., sespetiole f-f in.
stipules small, broad, memsile, membranous, base cuneate entire
Calyx hairy, lobes
Flowers \ in. diam.
pedicels -f in.
branous, toothed.
Statriangular-ovate ; bracteoles linear-oblong. Petals very small, oblong, yellow ?
;

Potentilla.]

li.

rosaceje.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

347

Achenes many, rounded, hard, slightly wrinkled

mens

Carpels about 20.

short.
receptacle villous.

P. purpurea,

6.

leaflets

Royle III. 208, t. 40, f. 3 (Sibbaldia)

5 obovate-cuneate 3-fid, flowers purple 5-merous.

W. Himalaya,

N.

know

polygamous,

Boyle.

from the figure and meagre description published by Koyle,

gives no habitat, and I suppose it to be founded on a drawing of a native artist.
The figure represents a procumbent branching rooting flexuous rhizome or stem 4 in.
long, clothed with stipular sheaths, and bearing short lateral branches with tufts of
Leaves g in. long, hairy; leaflets 5, sessile, ^ in., obovate-culeaves and flowers.
Flowers \ in. diam., solitary
neate, 2-3-fid at the apex, green above, paler beneath.
Calyx hairy, lobes triangularor twin from the axils of the leaves, peduncle naked.
ovate bracteoles linear. Petals longer than the calyx, narrowly obovate, pale purple.
Bisk dark purple. Stamens 5. Achenes ovoid, smooth.
I

this plant only

who

*** Leaves pinnate.

stems very slender spreading, leaves

7. P. albifolia, Wall. Cat. 1018
pinnate, leaflets few subopposite or alternate obovate coarsely toothed whitetomentose beneath, stipules large, flowers solitary axillary, achenes many, style
Sibbaldia potentilloides, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bat. 54, t. 67.
short ventral.
;

Subalpine Himalaya from Kashmib, alt, 8-10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 12-15,000 ft.,
D. H., C. B. Clarke.
Bootstock stout.
Stems many, 6-12 in., flexuous, branched, pubescent. Lower
leaflets 5-9,
leaves 2-4 in.
very unequal, ^-1 in., orbicular or obovate, lateral
smaller, lower smallest, green and glabrous above, snow-white beneath petiole very
slender ;' stipules sometimes |-| in., loose, sheathing, brown, acute, adnate for half
their length to the petiole. Flowers in. diam., on slender peduncles 1-2 in.
Calyx
J.

white-tomentose, lobes triangular; bracteoles linear-oblong.

Petals small, oblong,
obtuse, yellow.
Stamens 5. Achenes numerous, large, deeply furrowed receptacle
tomentose.
;

Stamens numerous. Flowers sometimes

Sect. II. Trichothalamus.
Receptacle with long erect stiff hairs, which entirely conceal the
achenes.

dioecious.

Leaves 'pinnate.

P. fruticosa,

Linn. Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 703 dioecious, shrubby,

3-7 oblong-lanceolate or linear quite entire apiculate, flowers solitary, petals obovate exceeding the calyx, achenes furnished with a long pencil
of silky hairs, style short subterminal. P. rigida, Wall. Cat. 1009 Lehm. Revis.
P. Arbuscula, Don Prodr. 256 (nepalensis 229)
Potentill. 19, t. 1.
Wall. PI.
As. Rar. iii. 16, t. 228 Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 18. P. reticulata, Bertol. Plant.
Nuov. As. i. 6, t. 2.
8.

silky, leaflets

Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 8-12,000 ft., to Sikkim,
12-16,000 ft. Distbib. N. Asia and Europe to the Pyrenees and England.
A much branched rigid robust erect or prostrate leafy low or tall shrub, 6 in.-4 ft.
Leaves imbricating, ^ 1 in.; leaflets ^-| in., coriaceous; petiole slender; stipules
Flowers usually solitary, f-1^ in. diam, peduncle rarely
large, membranous, obtuse.
alt.

Petals broadly
1 in., silky; bracteoles entire or 2-fid. Calyx-lobes ovate or lanceolate.
Stamens many. Achenes numerous, minute, with long hairs, and sunk in
obovate.
the long hairs of the receptacle.
Vab. glabrata very short, glabrate, leaflets lanceolate. Sikkim, alt. 15,000 ft.
Vab. ochreata Lehm. slender, very silky, almost white, leaflets much-reduced
linear-larceolate with revolute margins, flowers smaller.
P. ochreata, Lindl. in Wall.
;

348

li.

Cat. 1028

Lehm.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Potentilla.

Western Tibet, fromN. ofKumaon to Ladak,

Revis. Potentill. 17.

13-17,000 ft.
Vab. pumila;

alt.

depressed, very dwarf, branches spreading, leaflets very silky

flowers sessile - in. diam. P. Lindenbergii, Lehm. in Otto Gart. und Blumenzeit. vii. 339
Revis. Potentill. 14, t. 2.
Var. Inglisii very dwarf, most densely tufted, leaflets in. linear-lanceolate,
P. Inglisii, Royle III. 207, t. 41
flowers often peduncled, peduncle bracteate.
Lehm.
Revis. Potentill. 18. Kumaon and West Tibet, alt. 14-15,000 ft. Very near P. hiflora,
Willd. of the Altai and American Polar regions, which has obcordate petals.
Vab. armerioides dwarf, forming dense hard tufts or cushions, branches with the
densely crowded spreading leaves f in. diam., leaflets linear-lanceolate very rigid,
margins revolute to the midrib, achenes glabrous.
Borders of Sikkimand Tibet, alt.

-J

in.,

17-17,500
9.

ft.,

J.

D. H.

P. Salessovii,

Steph. in

Mem.

Soc.

Nat. Mosc.

ii.

6,

t.

3; silky,

7-9 oblong obtuse coarsely obtusely toothed above the

middle, flowers large cymose, achenes villous, style ventral very slender. Lehm.
Monogr. Potentill. t. 1 Revis. Potentill. 13. P. discolor, Camb. in Jacq. Voy.
shrubby below,

leaflets

Bat. 53,

t.

Comarum

65.

Salessovii,

Bunge

Ledeb. Flor. Ross.

ii.

63.

Western

Tibet, Lahux and northern border of Kashmir, alt. 11-14,000 ft.

Distrib. Altai and Thian Schan Mts.
Stems 1-3 ft., woody and as thick as the finger below. Leaves 4-6 in. leaflets
1-1^ in., subopposite, subequal, petiolulate, coriaceous, white or green beneath, base
rounded
petiole stout
stipules membranous, caudate.
Flowers 1 in. diam., very
numerous, peduncled, in branched leafy cymes. Calyx tomentose, lobes ovate or lanceolate, acuminate; bracteoles linear.
Petals obovate-oblong, exceeding the calyx,
white? Stamens many, filaments long.
Achenes minute, many, immersed in the
long receptacular hairs, clothed with long silky hairs.
;

** Leaves digitately S-foliolate.

10. P. ambig-ua, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 61, t. 62 : tufted, silky or
glabrous, stem very short leafy, leaflets 3 obovate- or orbicular-cuneate obtusely
3-toothed or 3-fid at the broad tip, stipules leafy, flowers solitary peduncled,
petals much exceeding the calyx, achenes many smooth, style slender ventral.
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4613 ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 21. P. cuneifolia, Bertol,
Misc. xxiv. 15, t. 2. P. cuneata, Wall. Cat. 1015 in part.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya; from Kashmir,

9-15.000

alt.

10-14,000

ft.,

to Sikkim, alt.

ft.

Rootstock stout or slender.

Stems 1-6 in. Leaflets \-\ in., sometimes as broad
as long, sometimes glabrate and glaucous beneath petiole ^-1 in. stipules variable.
Flowers -1 in. diam. peduncle -1 in., naked. Calyx pubescent or glabrate lobes
triangular, acute bracteoles elliptic, obtuse.
Petals orbicular, yellow.
Achenes sunk
in the very long receptacular hairs, smooth, clothed with long silky hairs.
Foliage of
P. Sibbaldi.
;

P. eriocarpa,

Wall. Cat. 1012

nearly glabrous, rootstock very
and long petioles very slender, leaflets 3 cuneate incised and
toothed above the middle, flowers solitary, petals much larger than the
calyx, achenes very small, style slender terminal.
Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 22,
11.

stout, peduncles

t.

4.

Tibetan region of Kunawar, Kumaon, Nipal, and Sikkim, alt. 12-14,000 ft.
Rootstock long branches like rootstocks, ascending, 4-10 in. long, as thick as a
swan's quill, densely clothed with imbricating silky or woolly stipular sheaths flowering stems from the tips of the r branches, very slender, 2-18 in., suberect, glabrous
or faintly silky, with one or two subsessile leaves above the middle. Leaves very few
;

li.

Potentilla.']
leaflets

brous

(J.

D. Hooker.)

349

green on both surfaces, 3-multifid petiole -3 in.

Flowers 1-1 in. diam. peduncle ^-3 in., naked. Calyx glalobes ovate, acute bracteoles broadly elliptic, sometimes exceeding the calyxAchenes minute, clothed with very long
Petals orbicular-obcordate, yellow.

\-\%

in.,

thin, bright

silky, acute.

stipules
lobes.

rosacea.

flexuous hairs.

Sect. III. Potentilla proper. Stamens numerous.

cealed by the long hairs of the receptacle.
*

Root

Achenes not con-

perennial.

f Leaves interruptedly pinnate, the alternate one or more pairs much smaller.
(See also 19 P. leuconota.)
hirsute or villous, leaflets very
12. P. 2>Iooniana, Wight Ie. t. 233
pair elliptic obtuse serrate paler beneath, the smaller orbicular or cuneate,
;

many

flowers panicled or corymbose, bracteoles broad toothed, achenes quite smooth,

Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 54. R. polyphylla and bar1026 j Lehm. I. c. 53 ; Monogr. Suppl. 1, t. 5. P. sordida, Klotzsch. inReis. Pr. Wold. Rot. t. 9.

style very short ventral.

bata, Wall. Cat. 1030,

Temperate Himalaya from Kumaon, alt. 11,500 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft.
Ceylon, Horton plains, alt. 7000 ft.
alt. 4-5000 ft.
A tall erect-branched leafy plant in Ceylon and at the lower elevations of N. India,
but becoming stunted with almost prostrate flowering- branches at 12,000 ft., very
variable in amount of hairiness, and sometimes having a few of the early leaves
Leaves 6-10 in., narrow,
silky; rarely (P. polyphylla) glabrate with appressed hairs.
pinnate nearly to the base, the leaflets smaller downwards; larger leaflets, |-1^ in.,
smaller ^- in., all sessile, membranous, coriaceous at higher elevations, brown when
dry petiole slender, silky lower stipules usually membranous, upper leafy and
Inflorescence from an open dichotomously branched lax panicle
toothed or lobed.
with slender pedicels, to a short almost umbellate corymb with stiff stout pedicels (P.
Calyx villous, lobes ovate, acute bracts larger or
barbata). Flowers ^ in. diam.
;

Khasia Mts.,

smaller than the lobes, ovate or cuneate, usually 3-toothed or -fobed. Petals obovateAchenes on an elevated hairy receptacle, quite without wrinkles. I can
orbicular.
find no characters upon which to found definable varieties of this plant, which by its
occasional silky leaves shows an affinity with P.fulgens.

13.
leaflets

P. fulg-ens. Wall MSS. in Hook. Rot. Mag.undert. 2700 softly silky,

very many pair elliptic oblong or obovate obtuse sharply serrate clothed
;

beneath with silvery hairs, interposed pairs minute, flowers panicled or

corymbose, bracteoles quite entire or 2-3-fid, achenes small smooth, style short
P. splendens, Wall, in Hook. Rot.
slender ventral. Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 54.
Mag. t. 2700 Cat. 1017 Don Prodr. 330 Sweet Rrit. Fl. Qard. t. 191. P.
Siemersiana, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1820, 8 Pugill. i. 31. P. lineata,
P. Naspata, Ham.
Trevir. in Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 534 Reich. Icon Exot. t. 8.
;

MSS.
Temperate Himalaya; from Kunawar, alt. 6-7000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 7-13,000 ft.
alt. 4-5000 ft.
As variable as P. Mooniana, and in a very similar manner and further almost
connected with it by var. intermedia but usually more robust, with more copious
spreading hairs on the petiole and stem, and with the brilliant silvery clothing of the
under surface of the leaves and inflorescence sometimes extending to the upper surStems 6-24 in., stout, ascending or erect, leafy. Leaves
Rootstock very stout.
face.
2-6 in. larger leaflets -l in., crowded or not, sometimes with deeply impressed
nerves above, at others quite flat, teeth very numerous and acute petiole rather stout
stipules and inflorescence and petals as in P. Mooniana, but calyx usually very silvery,

Khasia Mts.,

350

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Potentilla.

lobes acute bracteoles very variable. Achenes on an elevated hairy receptacle.

Reichenbach figures the petals as retuse they seem hardly so in our specimens, nor are
they so represented in Bot. Mag. Lehmann's name P. Siemersiana published in 1820 has
the priority, but is suppressed by the author himself (Revis. 55).
Var. intermedia; leaflets fewer more oblong slightly silvery beneath, calyx green
Sikkim at Jongri, alt. 13,000 ft., C. B.
sparsely silky or hairy as in P. Mooniana.
;

Clarke.

14. P. anserina, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 707 ; rootstock sending
out long racemes, leaves lanceolate, leaflets 6-10 pair with minute alternating
ones obovate or oblong deeply sharply toothed silvery with white hairs beneath, scapes from the rootstock and from nodes on the runners slender naked
P. pseudo-anserina, Bertol. Misc. xxiv. 15, t. 3.
1-flowered, achenes many.

Western
alt.

7700

ft.,

Tibet, Piti,
C. B. Clarke.

&c,

alt.

12-16,000 ft., Thomson Balti prov. of Kashmir,

Kashgar, N. Asia, and from Persia westward to

Distrib.

the Atlantic, N. America, Australia.

Bootstock very short racemes a foot and more long. Leaves forming a spreading
leaflets \-2 in., sessile,
tuft from the crown, 2-10 in., green above, silky beneath
Flowers
smaller ones often minute lanceolate and entire stipules membranous.
^1 in. diam. scape 1-6 in. Calyx- lobes lanceolate, acuminate bracteoles lobed or cut.
Achenes numerous, smooth, on a villous elevated receptacle.
Petals yellow, orbicular.
;

ft Leaves not interruptedly pinnate (alternate leaflets not smaller except sometimes in 19. P. leuconota).
15. P. Leschenaultiana, Ser. in DC. Prodr. ii. 584 ; robust, villous,
hairs long spreading soft and silky, leaflets 5-7 obovate or broadly elliptic obtuse
coarsely toothed white beneath, flowers corymbose, petals obcordate, achenes on
Wight Lc. t. 990 ; Wight 8f
an elevated receptacle wrinkled, style subterminal.
Pi'odr. 301 ; Lehm. Monogr. Potentill. Suppl. 1, t. 3 ; Revis. 41.
P. Gra-

Am.

hamiana, Wight Cat.

Temperate "Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon. Nilghiri Hills
abundant.
Bootstock short, stout. Leaves 1-10 in. leaflets usually 5, sometimes 9 or even
petiole slender
11, -1 in., membranous or rather coriaceous, teeth acute or obtuse
stipules, lower membranous entire, upper often leafy and toothed.
Flowering stems
erect or ascending, 2-18 in., usually corymbosely branched above, the corymbs lax and
Ftowers subsessile or long-pedicelled, 3$ in. diam., yellow,
spreading or close.
Calyx villous or silky, lobes triangular or oblong, aeute or subacute ;
rarely white.
bracteoles linear, oblong, acute. Petals longer than the calyx, orbicular obcordate or
more obcuneate. Carpels numerous. Aclienes on an elevated and often globose hairy
receptacle, variable in size, minutely wrinkled. A most variable plant,, often a roadside weed.
Var. bannehalensis tall, more slender, copiously branched above, leaflets silvery
white (rarely green) beneath, flowers 1 in. diam. on slender pedicels, calyx silky, lobes
very acute. P. bannehalensis, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 52, t. 64 ; Lehm. Bevis.
Potentill. 41. Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 6-12,000 ft.
;

16. P. frag-arioides, Linn. ; Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 38 ; villous or hairy,

hairs soft silky, leaflets 5-7 elliptic or oblong obtuse coarsely toothed hirsute
but not white or silvery beneath, flowers corymbose, petals obovate or obcordate,
achenes on an elevated receptacle, style subterminal. Lehm. Bevis. Potentill. 42 ;

Maximov. Diagn. Dec. xv. 158. P. Gerardiana, Wall. Cat. 1023 ; Lehm. I.e. 42.
P. variabilis, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. t. 11. P. Munroana, Lehm,
Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849, 7 Revis. Potential. 40, t. 13.
;

Temperate Himalaya, from Wazeristan, Stewart, to

Distrib. Siberia to China and Japan.

Kumaon and Bhotan.


Potmtilla.']

rosacea.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

351

smaller plant (sometimes only 2 inches high) than P. Leschenaultiana, with

which it is almost, if not quite, united through its var. bannehalensis, less villous, with
smaller leaves, more branched open corymbs, longer and more slender pedicels, more
acute calyx-lobes and smaller fruit.
Vak. stolonifera Lehm. Maxim. Diagn. Dec. xv. 160 stoloniferous, leaflets sometimes 9, the, alternate smaller. Bhotan, Griffith; Sirmore, Wallich. I give the
Sirmore hal itat on Maximovic's authority the specimens in Herb. Wallich have no
stolons and are referable to the ordinary form of the plant.
According to the same
authority this variety is found in Japan and Kamtschatka.
:

17. P. Clarkei, Hook.f. ; leafy, stout, hispid with long spreading hairs,
leaves short, leaflets 5-7 lower much smaller obovate very coarsely crenatetoothed, flowers pedicelled in dichotomous cymes with very divaricate leafy
branches and involucriform cut leaf-bracts, calyx-lobes acute, achenes many minutely wrinkled, style slender terminal.

Kashmir, Sirinuggur,

alt. 7000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stems 1 ft., ascending from a woody rootstock.
Leaves 1-2 in., covered with
spreading hairs on the petiole and both surfaces leaflets -1 in., approximate, sessile, rigidly coriaceous, toothed ^ way down, pale green when dry, lower lateral
sometimes cuneate and 2-3-toothed; stipules on the stem large, semi-ovate, leafy, enInflorescence very stiff, spreading, dichotomously branched, with
tire or toothed.
pedicel stout, |-1 in. Flowers ^ in. diam.
sessile leaves
Petals obovate, yellow.
Stamens numerous. Achenes rather large, numerous, on an elevated hairy receptacle.
The rigid pubescence, habit, inflorescence and carpels at once distinguish this from
its floral leaves form a sort of involucre of narrow almost pinnatifid spreadits allies
ing leaflets.
;

18.

P. Griffithii, Hook.f.;

tioled, leaflets

tall,

branched, hoary, leafy, leaves short-pe-

5-7 white with appressed pubescence beneath 3 terminal

leaflets

obovate coarsely crenate-serrate lateral smaller orbicular or oblong, stipules

leafy deeply toothed, flowers in panicled corymbs sessile or pedicelled, calyxlobes obtuse or subacute, achenes very minute glabrous, style very short subterminal. Potentilla 15, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. 8f T.
Eastern Himalaya, Bhotan, alt. 6-8000 ft., Griffith
Sdckim, alt. 7-14,000 ft
D. H.
10-24
Stem
in.,
erect
or
ascending,
Eootstock inclined.
stout or" slender.
Leaves
small, 1-4 in. leaflets ^-1 in., green and glabrous or hairy above, quite white bewell
hairy
as
as
clothed
with
white
sometimes
opaque down, base cuneate
neath and
lateral very irregular in size and shape, lowest pair often minute; petiole hairy; stiin.
diam.
pedicel
in.,
Flowers
|-1
pubescent
large.
-2
or tomentose. Calyx
pules
bracteoles quite entire, oblong or ovate, acute or obtuse.
silky, lobes acute or obtuse
Achenes numerous, exceedingly minute,
Petals yellow, rounded or retuse at the tip.
smooth, on a large globose somewhat hairy receptacle. Near P. discolor, Bunge, of
China, of which I have seen only a small specimen, and which is much smaller, with
prostrate flowering stems and pointed tips to the calyx-lobes.
Vab. 1 very slender, flowers - in. on slender long pedicels, petals small. Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft.
Var. 2. robust, sometimes ^-4 in. high, flowers -1 in. on stout shorter pedicels,
petals large. Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 12-13,000 ft.
;

J.

19. P- peduncularis, Don Prodr. 230; leaflets numerous oblong closely

deeply serrate clothed beneath with long soft appressed silvery hairs, above silky
or glabrous, flowering stems erect or ascending equalling the leaves, flowers few
large corymbose, bracteoles usually 1-2-toothed, acbenes very large almost gloLehm. Hevis. Potentill. 66, t. 25. P. leuconota,
bose, style verv short ventral.
Wall. Cat. 1021, in part. P. velutina, Wall. Cat. 1016.

352

rosaceje.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Potentilla.

Alpine Central and Western Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt 12-14,000 ft.,
D. H. ; C. B. Clarke.
Rootstock very long and stout, inclined. Leaves 2-18 in., linear- or obovate-oblong in outline, l-2 in. diara. across the broadest part; leaflets usually close and
often imbricate, -1 in., tip rounded, sessile, many-nerved, the alternate nerves
smaller, upper decurrent petiole slender or stout; lower stipules membranous, upper
Flowering stems with one or two leaves and a few-flowered irregular
leafy toothed.
pedicel elongating after flowering.
Calyx silky,
Flowers % in. diam.
corymb.
J.

Petals orbicular, yellow.

bracteoles various, usually toothed.
in. diam., four times as large as in any other Indian
Stamens 20-30. Achenes few,
receptacle low, villous.
species, dark brown

lobes triangular acute

covered with soft spreading hairs, not silvery, leaflets in. broadly
oblong membranous less closely serrate softly hairy on both surfaces. Kumaon at
Kalari, alt. 13,000 ft., Strach. $ Winterb. I have but one specimen, and though
I find no approach to pubescence on it, judging from the variation of P. splendens,
Mooniana, and Leschenaultiana, it may well be referable to peduncularis, with which
it altogether agrees in habit, flower, and achenes.
Var. Clarkei dwarf, sparsely silky, not silvery, leaflets narrowly oblong. Sikkim
at Yakla, alt. 14,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Var. obscura

20. P. leuconota, Don Prodr. 230 leaflets numerous (alternate sometimes minute) oblong obtuse sharply closely serrate clothed beneath with appressed shining silky hairs, flowering stems exceeding the leaves, flowers small
subumbellate, bracteoles entire, achenes few hairy or glabrous, style very short
ventral. Wall. Cat. 1021 (excl. spec, of peduncularis) Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 65,
;

t.

24

Alpine Himalaya Garwhal, 10,000 ft., Madden Nipal, Wallich Sikkim, alt.
10-16,000 ft., J. B. H.Distrib. Borneo (Kina Balou, alt. 11,000 ft,, Low).
Rootstock very stout, sometimes 1 in. diam., inclined. Leaves 2-6 in., very numerous, linear in outline or rather broader upwards; leaflets close or sparse, - in., sespetiole with appressed hairs.
Flowering stem erect or
sile, glabrous or hairy above
ascending, with usually a leaf about the middle, and an imperfect whorl of reduced
Flowers
in.
diam.,
crowded,
inflorescence.
the
pedicels elongating stifones at the

Calyx silky, lobes

fening and forming an imperfect umbel as the fruit advances.
entire.
Petals
linear-lanceolate,
obovate,
bracteoles
retuse
or rounded at the
acute
Stamens about 20. Achenes not numerous.
tip, rather longer than the calyx, yellow.
;

21. P. micropliylla, Don Prodr. 231 ; dwarf, densely tufted, sparingly

Silky or glabrate, leaflets very numerous small oblong o i rounded pinnatitidly
toothed to the middle or deeper, scape exceeding the lea^ es 1- rarely 2-flowered,
petals much exceeding the calyx, achenes many minute quite smooth, styles very
Wall. Cat. 1010.
short ventral.

Alpine Himalaya, from Garwhal,

10-14,700 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 15-18,000 ft.

forming at high elevations dense hard mosslike tufts, strewed with golden flowers and with the leaves so small and crowded as
with difficulty to be distinguished at lower elevations the leaves are 4-6 by f in.
-i--^ in. broad, crowded and overlapping
or
Leaflets opposite and alternate, uniform,
petiole slender
stipules very large, membranous, obscattered, flat, or complicate
Flowering stem or scape erect, rarely shorter than the leaves, appressed-pubestuse.
cent or silky, naked or with an undeveloped leaf and bud above the middle, rarely
Calyx-lobes acute or obtuse bracterles oblong.
Flowers - in. diam.
2-3-flowered.
Stamens 30-40. Achenes in a globose head on a
Petals orbicular or obovate, yellow.

Very variable

in habit

and

alt.

stature,

villous receptacle.

Var. o. micrcphylla proper ; densely tufted, rootstock stout woody, leaves 1 in., petiin. 3-5-fid pointing forwards and upwards.
P. microphylla,
ole filiform, leaflets
Wall, and y. depressa, Wall. ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 30 ; Monog. Suppl. t. 2, f. 2.
less
Wall.
Cat.
1010
densely
tufted, leaves 2-3 in., leaflets
;
Var. . glabriuscula,

Potentilla.']

EI.

rosacejs.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

353

nearly orbicular in outline flat cut in rather a fan-shaped manner, glabrous above,
silky on the'nerves beneath.
Var. 8. latiloba, Wall. Cat. 1010; leaves 2-4 in., leaflets orbicular in outline flat
toothed from below the middle to the tip, nearly glabrous beneath, scape slender 2-3flowered sometimes decurved in fruit.
P. microphylla, Boyle III. 208, t. 41, f. 2.
Var. achilleafolia; leaves 1-2 in., leaflets most densely imbricate pointing obliquely
forwards and upwards almost perpendicularly to the plane of the leaf very silky
beneath.

Var. commutata leaves 3-4 in.,

leaflets in. separate flat broadly oblong pinnato the middle, lobes slightly falcate glabrous above sparingly silky beneath, scapes
shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes and bracteoles obtuse.
P. commutata. Lehm. Pugill. iii. 16; Revis. Potentill. 65.
Kumaon, Wall. Herb.; Bargi Kang Pass, Str. tif
;

tifid

Winterb.

The most developed form, approaching

and habit P. peduncularis,

in size

var. obscura, but widely differing in the fruit.

22. P. bifurca, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 707 ; small, slender,
clothed with appressed silky hairs, stem leafy, leaflets 5-15 oblong entire 2-3-fid
or -partite, flowers small solitary or cymose on slender peduncles, petals much
exceeding the calvx, achenes glabrous except at the base, style slender ventral.
P. Moorcroftii, Wall. Cat. 1014; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 23, t. 3. P. glauca,
Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 54, t. 66. P. bidens, Bertol. Misc. Bot. xxiv. 16, t. 4.

Western Tibet, alt. 10-1 4,000 ft., and Tibetan border of Lahul, Kumaon, and
Sixxim, alt. 13-17,000 ft. Distrib. Soongaria, Altai Mts., Mongolia, Caucasus,
Taurus.
Rootstock long, slender, branched, tortuous.
Stems 4-8 in., suberect or diffuse.
Leaves \-1 in. leaflets -f in., usually linear-oblong, not toothed or serrate, obtuse
or acute, sessile by a broad or narrow base petiole slender stipules acute or acumiCalyx-lobes broad,
nate.
Flowers in. diam. peduncle | 1 in., naked, flexuous.
rather obtuse. Petals obovate, yellow. Achenes few, large for the size of the plant,
somewhat triangular, obtuse, quite smooth, exceeding the hairs of the elevated

receptacle.

23. P. coriandrifolia, Don Prodr. 232 sparsely hairy or glabrate,

rootstock very thick, leaflets 6-cc pair broadly ovate deeply cut into spreading
linear or subulate hair-pointed lobes, flowering stems ascending and prostrate,
flowers subumbellately corymbosa, petals obcordate, achenes nearly glabrous,
style slender terminal.
P. meifolia, Wall. Cat. 101 1
Lehm. Revis. Potentill.
29 ; Monog. Suppl. i. t. 1.
;

Nipal, Wallich Sixkim, Jongri, alt.

Central and Eastern Alpine Himalaya
13,000 fr., C. B. Clarke.
Rootstock as thick as the thumb, inclined. Leaves excessively numerous, spreading, 2-4 in. leaflets -| in broad, opposite and alternate, sessile, glabrous except a few
hairs beneath and at the tip of every segment, cut almost to the midrib in a fan-like
manner, primary segments again divided, ultimate ones acute; petiole with appressed
Flowering stems 4-6 in., numerous, declinate and then
hairs
stipules subulate.
ascending, with appressed hairs and a few much reduced leaves.
Flowers | in. diam.
Calyx glabrate lobes triangular, acute bracteoles linear-obon slender pedicels.
Petals twice as long as the calyx, yellow. Achenes smooth receptacle
long, acute.
hairy.
The leaflets of the Sikkim specimens are much more finely divided than those
of the Nipal ones.
;

24.
petiole

P. multifida,

Linn.

and leaves beneath

Boiss.

Fl.

stems many and

ii. 710
without silky hairs, leaves

Orient,

softly white-torn entose

pinnate or subdigitately 3-5-foliolate glabrous above, leaflets linear-oblong or

obovate pinnatifid nearly to the base, segments linear or lanceolate ascending, marVOL. n.
AA

354

Li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Potentilla.

gins recurved, flowers yellow -in. diam. corymbose, achenes numerous minute,
style terminal.
Lehm. Bevis. Potentill. 34. " P. breviscissa, Bertol. Misc. Bot.
xxiv. 17, t. 5.
Niti Pass, Kumaon, alt.
alt. 10-16,000 ft.;
Wint.BiSTRiB. Afghanistan to the Caucasus. Northern and Central Europe and Asia from Lapland and the Pyrenees China temperate and Arctic
N. America.
As variable in stature as P. sericea, and in other respects also. Bootstock short,
erect, with many crowns of leaves and stout or slender, suberect or prostrate or ascending stems. Leaves -2 in. diam., normally with 5 subdigitate lobes, but often with
lobes more pinnately dispersed on the slender petiole which is sometimes 4 in. long
divisions of pinnules ^- in. broad. Flowers j-% in. diam., in close or open corymbose

Kashmir and Western Tibet,

16,300

ft,,

Sir.

cymes, or few, or solitary in reduced forms, subsessile or on long slender pedicels.

Petals orbicularCalyx silky lobes ovate, acute bracteoles linear-oblong, obtuse.
obovate, retuse.
Achent s glabrous, exactly like those of P. sericea receptacle hairy.
;

A considerable number of species

in different sections of

Lehman's "Revision" are

referable to this species.

P. altaica, Bunge is a state with leaflets reduced to three.
P. verticillaris, Steph., referred here by Ledebour, is according to our specimens
partly P. multifida and partly sericea.
Var. glabrata dwarf, rootstock stout, stem prostrate, leaves dense nearly glabrous, flowers small.
Var. minor, Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 42 very slender, leaflets pinnate cut into very
nlender lobes. P. tenella, Turcz.
"West Tibet, Falconer. AfFghanistan, Griffith.
;

Var. Saundersiana very small, leaves palmately 3-5-foliolate, leaflets -| in.

deeply incised tomentose or silky beneath. P. Saundersiana, Boyle III. 207, t. 41,
Lehm. Bevis. Potentill. 113. Western Tibet, alt. 15-17,000 ft. Also in Siberia
f. 1
and Arctic latitudes. Very small 3-foliolate specimens are perhaps undistinguishable
from P. nivea, L., and var. hololeuca of P. sericea may be referable here. Dwarf
forms of these three species are hardly distinguishable in a dry state.
;

25. P. sericea, Linn.

Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 709; white, densely silkily
tomentose, stems many, leaves oblong pinnate, leaflets 5-11 silky on both surfaces, cut nearly to the base into linear subacute ascending lobes with recurved
margins, flowers yellow |-f in. diam. corymbose, petals orbicular-obovate,
achenes many smooth, carpels glabrous, style terminal.
Lehm. Bevis. Potentil.
P. cinerascens, Bertol. Piant. Nuov. Asiat. 7, t. 63. P. soongarica, Bunge
33.
Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 42.
;

Western Tibet, and Tibetan region of the Western Alpine Himalaya, from
Kashmir, alt. 9-17,000 ft. to Kumaon. Distrib. AfFghanistan to the Caucasus and
Armenia. Soongaria, N. China, Temperate and Asiatic N. America.
A very variable plant, diminishing in size with the increasing elevation from
18 in. to 3 in. covered more or less densely with soft shining silky hairs. Bootstock
very stout, perpendicular, with many heads. Leaves crowded, 1-6 in. long, rarely more

1 in. broad
leaflets oblong, all cut nearly to the midrib, rarely only half way to
Flowthe terminal leaflets pedately disposed, the lateral opposite and alternate.
tring stems ascending, densely tomentose, corymbosely many-flowered in the larger
lanceolate,
specimens, few or 1-floweredin the smaller. Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate or
acute bracteoles narrowly oblong, obtuse. Achenes quite smooth. I can find no character whereby to separate P. soongarica from the common Tibetan form of sericea and it is difficult to retain hololeuca and polyschista as distinct forms, to which
may be added certain forms of P. pensyhanica, L.
Var. -polyschista, Lehm. dwarf, densely tufted, leaflets 3-5 short, flowers smaller

than

it,

alt.

15-17,000 ft. P. polyschista,

Boiss. Flor. Orient,

ii.

710.

710 (sp.); dwarf, leaflets 3-5, ovate pinnatifid to the middle, most densely white tomentose beneath, flowers few small.
Lehm. Bevis. Pot. 69, t. 27. Perhaps" referable to P. multifida Pugha in Little Tibet,

Var.

hololeuca,

Boiss.; Fl. Orient,

ii.

Potentitla.']
alt.

14-16,000

Li.

ft.,

rosacea.

Thomson.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

355

Small forms of this are undistinguishable in a dry state

to 3 or 5
its nu-

from those of P. multijida, especially when the leaflets are reduced

merous forms have many names in Europe, Asia, and America.

ttt Leaves

digitately 5-foliolate, or

24. P. multifida, 25. sericea,

26.
Ic.

t.

and

S-foliolate.

(See also states of

37. nivea).

P. desertorum, Bunge

337

upper

in Ledeb. Fl. Alt.

ii.

257

Fl. Ross.

ii.

53

erect, leafy, glandular hairy, radical leaves long-petioled 5-foliolate,

leaflets sessile membranous obovate coarsely crenate, cauline stipules large lanceolate quite entire, flowers in capitate leafy heads, achenes very minute
wrinkled, styles short subterminal. Lehm. Revis. Potentil. 90.

Western Himalaya
Thomson,

in the

dry region of Kashmir and Kishtwar,

alt.

7-9000

ft.,

B. Clarke. Distrib. Soongaria.

All parts covered with soft spreading often glandular hairs.
Stems tufted on a
woody rootstock, soft, erect or ascending. Radical leaves 4-8 in. leaflets 1-2 in.,
entire towards the cuneate base, nerves slender, green on both surfaces
petiole
C.

2-6

cauline leaves short-petioled or sessile, 3-foliolate stipules ^-f in.

Flowers -f in. diam., sunk amongst the uppermost leaves peduncle elongating in
Calyx large, \ in. long; lobes lanceolate, acute; bractefruit, strict and stout.
Petals orbicular-obovate, dark yellow, not much exceeding the
oles entire or 3-fid.
Achenes very numerous, on a globose villous receptacle. P. Kotschyana,
calyx.
Fenzl, of Cilicia, &c, seems to me to be this plant.
slender,

in.

27.

P. nepalensis, Hook.

with long

soft spreading hairs,

Exot. Flor. ii. t. 88 more or less clothed

stem leafy branched, leaves long-petioled 5-folio;

late, leaflets obovate or elliptic-obovate acute or obtuse coarsely serrate green,

flowers pedicelled in dichotomous panicles, petals obcordate purple, achenes minute wrinkled.
Wall. Cat. 1027 ; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 91.
P. bifurcata,
P. formosa, Don Prodr. 232; Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 136.
Wall. MSS.
P. colorata, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1820. P. coccinea, Hoffm. Brief,
aus Ind. ii. App. 511. (Engl, edit.) P. Gulielmi Waldmeri, Klotzsch in Reis.
Pr. Waldem. Bot. t. 13.

"Western temperate Himalaya, alt. 5-9000 ft., from Mtjrree to Kttmaon.

Stems erect, from a woody rootstock, 1-3-flowered, stout or slender, from densely
Radical leaves 12 by 3 in. leaflets sessile, 1-3 by \-l\ in.,
villous to glabrate.
membranous, rarely acute, teeth obtuse or acute
base entire, cuneate ; petiole
slender; cauline stipules f-1 in., ovate or oblong, lower entire, upper lobed.
Flowers
-1 in. diam fruiting pedicels sometimes 3 in., divaricate. Calyx-lobes acute ; bracAchenes very numerous, on a globose hairy receptacle. In English
teoles obtuse.
gardens this species has been long cultivated and much hybridized.
;

28. P. kashmirica, Hook.f. ; erect, leafy, clothed with spreading hairs,

leaves short-petioled 5-foliolate, leaflets obovate-oblong very coarsely serrate
lateral lobes softly hairy on both surfaces, flowers in large wide-spreading dichotomous cymes, petals obcordate yellow, achenes deeply wrinkled, style short subterminal.

Kashmir

at Nowgunge, alt. 7500 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stem a foot high, rather slender hairs soft, flexuous. Leaves 2-3 in. leaflets
l-l in., sessile, th lateral much shorter and broader, all cut \ way down into subacute lobes or serratures, paler and almost silky beneath petiole 1-2 in. stipules
lanceolate, acute.
Inflorescence 6 in. diam., repeatedly forked and more corymbose
than panicled, many-flowered. Flowers ^ in. diam. pedicels slender. Calyx silky
;

lobes ovate, acuminate

bracteoles obtuse.
Achenes many, on a globose hairy receptacle.
;

Petals about larger than the calyx.

A very distinct plant, allied to P. nepaaa2

356

kosace^:.

li.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

[Potentilla.

distinguished by the shorter petioles, very deeply serrate shorter leaflets the
which are lobed on the lower margin, by the yellow flowers and strongly
wrinkled achenes the broad corymbose inflorescence further distinguishes it from both
P. nepalensis and desertorum. Its nearest ally is the European P. kirta, L. which has
much larger flowers and achenes.
lensis

lateral of

Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 714

hoary with ap29. P. arg"entea, Linn.
pressed white tomentum, stems leafy, leaflets 5 oblanceolate pinnatifidly cut
into broad subacute teeth, base entire cuneate, flowers very numerous subcorymbose, pedicels slender, petals yellow, achenes minute smooth, style subterminal.
;

Kashmir, Jacquemont Pir Punjal, Stewart Alibad, 8,000 ft., C. B. Clarice.

Distrib. Soongaria, N. Asia, Asia Minor westward to the Atlantic.
Stems many from the root, 6-10 in., erect or ascending. Leaflets l-l in., sessile, rather stiff, lobes pointing upwards, margins slightly recurved, glabrous above
petiole 1-2 in.
stipules lanceolate, acuminate, entire.
Inflorescence broad, much diCalyx
tri-chotomously branched, leafy.
pedicels |-l in.
Flowers A in. diam.
;

densely tomentose lobes acute bracteoles entire. Petals rather exceeding the calyx,
obovate. Achenes on a villous elevated receptacle.
;

30. P. reptans, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 723 i glabrous, sparsely
hairy, stolons long slender rooting, leaflets 5 obovate or oblanceolate crenateserrate, peduncles axillary solitary naked 1-flowered, achenes many smooth,
styles subterminal.

Kashmir, Falconer, Jacquemont, Thomson. Distrib. Siberia, Affghanistan westward to Abyssinia and in Europe to the Atlantic, N. China, Japan.
Rootstock woody runners 1-2 ft., slender, leafy at the nodes.
Leaflets 1-2 in.,
membranous, somewhat pedate, sometimes petiolulate petiole 1-6 in., slender sti;

pules small, oblong, entire. Peduncle 1-4 in., erect. Flowers ^-f in. diam.
Calyxlobes broad or narrow, acute; bracteoles ovate, entire.
Petals obcordate, yellow.
Achenes dark brown.
Var. minor leaflets g- in. rigid obovate quite glabrous.
Var. ? trifoliolata pubescent, leaflets 3 obovate sparingly silky beneath. Kashmir valley, Thomson. Probably a different species.
;

31. P. pteropoda, Boyle Til. 207, t. 40, f. 2 ; silkily hairy, leaves longpetioled fan-shaped in outline, leaflets 5 cuneate-oblong toothed at the tip, stipules very long adnate to and almost equalling the petiole, stems 1- fewflowered, petals large, carpels ovoid. Lehm. Bevis. Potentill. 157.

Mountains surrounding Kashmir, Boyle

1. c.

This is the only described Indian Potentilla of which I have not seen a specimen.
The above character is extracted from Royle's, to which the plate enables me to add
that the flowering stems equal or rather exceed the leaves, and that the petals are
obcordate and twice as large in the acute sepals. The drawing represents a plant
with very much the habit of P. curviseta, but far more robust, with 3-5 much broader
leaflets, that have rounded 5-7-toothed tips.

ftt Leaves
states of'24.

digitately 3-foliolate (see also 30. P. reptans, var. ? trifoliolata,

P. sericea and 23. multifida).

32. P. arg-yrophylla, Wall. Cat. 1020 tall, leafy, clothed with white
silky hairs rarely with opaque tomentum, leaflets 3 elliptic-ovate -oblong -orbicular or obovate acutely toothed white beneath, nerves prominent, flowers many
in panicled cymes usually long-pedicelled, petals large red purple or yellow,
;

achenes smooth on a densely villous receptacle, style subterminal.


Potentilla.']

Li.

;;

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

357

"Western and Central Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 8-13,000 ft. toNiPAL.
Rootstock very stout stem 2-3 ft., finely pubescent. Leaflets 2-3 in., sessile or
petiolulate, green, glabrous or finely silky above, dirty white beneath nerves not very
prominent, teeth acute; petiole 3-6 in.
caul ine stipules ovate-oblong, acute. Flowers
%-\\ in. diam. pedicels sometimes 2 in., and very slender. Calyx silky, lobes acuminate bracteoles elliptic-oblong, obtuse acute or acuminate. Petals obcordate-cuneate,
varying from red-purple to almost brown-purple.
Stamens about 20, dark purple.
Achenes very numerous styles long.
Except in the colour of the petals I can find no difference between P. atrosanguinea
and P. argyrophylla, and I am hence compelled to unite them in so doing I retain
the name of argyrophylla from its representing a character known to both forms.
Var. argyrophylla proper flowers yellow. P. argyrophylla, Wall.; Lehm. Monogr.
Potentill. Suppl. t. 9 Revis. Potentill. 151. P. Jacquemontiana, Canbess. in Jacq. Voy.
Bot. hi, t. 63.
P. insignis, Roi/le MSS. ; Lindley in Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 37. I have
not seen the quinate leaflets which according to Lindley occasionally occur, nor the
;

broad 2-3-fid bracteoles mentioned by Lehman.

Var. atrosanguinea flowers red or purple. P. atrosanguinea, Lodd. Bot. Cab. viii.
t.
786 Don Prodr. 232 Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 150 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2689
Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 124. P. Wallichiana, Govanin Wall. Cat. 1013.
Var. leucochroa much smaller, leaflets sometimes in. densely silky often on
both surfaces, flowering stems 1 -few-flowered, flowers yellow or red. P. leucochroa,
Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1019. P. Cautleyana, Royle III. 207, t. 40, f. 1. P. cataclines,
Lehm. PugiM. iii. 37; Monog. Potentill. Suppl.i. t. 10 Revis. Potentill. 150. P. vestita,
Klotzschin Reis. Pr. Waldem.Bot. t. 14. Kashmir to Nipal,alt. 10-15,000 ft.Lehman (Revis. 171) includes Lindl ey's leucochroa under the American P. villosa, which
differs totally in the short style and glabrous receptacle.
;

33. P. g-elida, C. A. Meyer; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 59; sparsely pubescent or silky or glandular, leaflets 3 small obovate or cuneate deeply crenate,
cauline few much reduced with broad-ovate large entire stipules, flowering stems
slender ascending, flowers on slender pedicels yellow, calyx-lobes acute longer
than the oblong obtuse bracteoles, achenes smooth, styles subterminal, Lehm.
Revis. Potentill. 154.
P. grandinora and P. alpestris, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook.f.
$ T.

Western temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir to Kunawur and in "Western

alt. 13-17,000 ft.
Distrib. N. Asia from the Caucasus to Dahuria.
Usually covered with soft spreading hairs, sometimes glandular, rarely somewhat
silky.
Rootstock rarely large. Leaflets ^-f in. long, sessile or petiolulate, usually
entire for h or g upwards from the base, crenatures very large, sometimes only 4 or
5. and towards the very end of the leaflet, rather membranous, flat, nerves indistinct
petiole -1, rarely 2 in.
stipules of cauline leaves 5 | in. long, hoary.
Flowers
\-\ in. diam., usually 1-4 on slender pedicels. Calyx pubescent or silky. Petals obAchenes many on an elevated villous receptacle. A very variable plant.
cordate.
Some specimens of Mr. Clarke s from Karakoram, alt. 14,500 ft. are upwards of 2 feet
high, others from Kumaon are not as many inches and are quite glutinous. The broad
entire stipules and almost naked flowering stems are its best character.
I do not see
how it is to be distinguished from the European P. grandiflora and Siberian P.fragiformis, Willd. (exclusive of the Japan plant so called by A. Gay).
Tibet,

34. P. doubjouneana, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 50, t. 61

sparsely
pubescent, leaflets 3 obovate-cuneate deeply toothed, cauline with obcuneate
toothed stipules, flowering stems ascending slender leafy, calyx-lobes acute
longer than the obcuneate 3-fid bracteoles, achenes smooth, style subterminal.
Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 157.
;

Kashmir, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson.

Very similar to P. gelida, but distinguished by the more leafy flowering stems,

358

li.

rosacea.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

[Potentilla.

the obcuneate cut stipules and trifid bracteoles. It appears to be a very scarce plant,
and I regret to find Thomson's specimens have been by me mixed in the distribution
with those of P. gelida, under the name of P. grandiflora.
35. P. monanthes, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1025 glandular or sparsely
pubescent, leaflets 3 broadly obcuneate coarsely crenate at the apex, cauline stipules broad-ovate acute, flowering stems very many ascending leafy, flowers
sessile and pedicelled at the top of the stem, calyx-lobes broad "obtuse, bracteoles
Lehm. Hems. Potenorbicular-oblong, achenes minute smooth, style terminal.
P. cryptantha, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Pot. t. 12.
till. 175.
;

Alpine Himalaya from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 10,000 to 15,000 ft.

Forming large spreading tufts of. leaves and stems 2-12 in. high from a rather
small rootstock, very variable in size. Leaves radical and cauline, all short petioled
leaflets - in., rather soft, glandular-pubescent on both surfaces, crenatures rounded
stipules ^^ in., rarely cut
Flowers -^ in. diam., axillary and
petiole rarely 1 in.
subterminal, shortly pedicelled. Calyx pubescent, hemispheric bracteoles often larger
than the lobes. Petals obovate-orbicular, not much exceeding the calyx, yellow.
Achenes exceedingly numerous and minute, on a globose villous receptacle. The
rounded tips of the sepals and bracteoles are good characters of this species. The
Potentilla 26 of Strachey and Winterbottom from 12,000 ft. in Kumaon is, I think, a
minute state.
Vab. sibthorpioides much smaller, stems filiform prostrate, leaflets %-\ in. broader,
Lachen valley, Sikkim, alt.
flowers \ in. diam., calyx-lobes and bracteoles narrower.
11-13,000 ft., J.J). H.
;

36. P. cur vis eta, Hook. f. : iigid, thinly silky, leaflets 3 narrowly
linear-cuneate truncate and trifid at the tip, stipules forming a narrow wing to
the petiole for half its length, flowering stems slender, pedicels filiform decurved,
achenes 5-6 hairy, style terminal.

Kashmir at Tilail, alt. 12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Whole plant rigidly elastic when dry. Bootstock slender, crowned with stiff recurved almost woody leaf bases. Leaves few, 2-3 in. long; leaflets -1 by \-^ in.,
;

suberect, coriaceous, hairy on both surfaces, teeth acute, the lateral leaflets with sometimes an additional tooth on the outer margin petiole rigid, with a rather membranous brown sheath formed by the stipules which above the base form a green
narrow margin along the petiole to its middle free parts of stipules small, subulate, enFlowering stems 2-3 in., 2-3-flowered, slender, wiry, with opposite linear bracts
tire.
at the middle and a cut one at the giving off of the pedicels pedicels circinnately incurved after flowering, naked or with a bract at the middle. Calyx \ in. diam., silky
Stamens and
lobes lanceolate, acuminate, much larger than the oblong bracteoles.
Achenes few, large, obliquely ovoid receptacle flat, villous.
carpels about 20.
very remarkable species, allied to P. tridentata, L., P. Saxifraga, Ard., and P. alba, L.
The only Himalayan one with hairy carpels. Still more near to the P. pteropoda,
Royle, which has 3-5 much broader more toothed leaflets rounded at the tip, and apparently larger flowers. I have seen no petals.
;

Boiss. Flor. Orient, ii. 725

37. P. nivea, Linn.
dwarf, densely clothed
with white appressed tomentum, leaflets 3 rarely 5 small obovate acutely serrate, flowering stem 1-3-flowered, calyx villous, petals obcordate, achenes several
smooth and faintly wrinkled, style terminal. Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 165. P.
caespitosa, Lehm. Add. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849, 10
Revis. Potentill. 172,
P. argyrophylla, var. prostrata, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f.fyT.
t. 53.
;

Western TiBETand

drier Alpine regions of the whole Himalaya, alt. 10-17,000 ft.

Caucasus and westwards to the Alps, Arctic and cold regions of N. Europe,
Asia and America.

Distrib.


Pot&ntilla.]

li,

rosacea.

;;

(J.

D. Hooker.)

359

small high Alpine species, very difficult in some of its forms to distinguish from
states of P. multifida on the one hand, and but for the smaller flowers, from P.
leucochroa on the other, which again resembles closely P. argyrophylla of the HimaRootsiock very stout and woody. Leaves 1-2 in.
layas and P. villosa of Arctic America.
leaflets -1 in., sessile, very coriaceous, glabrous or silky above, snow-white beneath
stipules ovate, acute, downy, entire or toothed.
Stem with 1 (rarely
petiole stout
more) reduced leaf. Flowers in. diam., on stout peduncles. Calyx woolly lobes
Petals yellow, obcordate. Achenes few, pale, tumid,
acute bracteoles oblong, obtuse.
on a densely woolly low receptacle.

dwarf

** Root annual.

'
.

sparsely sillriLy hairy,

8r Am. Prodr. 300
the root very slender prostrate leafy, leaves digitately 3-5-foliolate, leaflets 5 narrowly obovate or oblanceolate obtuse obtusely serrate, stipules ^-lanceolate, flowers small in terminal panicled cymes, achenes minute
Wight. III. t. 85; Lehm. Revis. Potentill. 79.
deeply wrinkled, stvle terminal.
P. Wallichiana, Wall. Cat. 1022; Lehm. Rev. Potentill. 80, t. 34, not of
DC. Prodr. P. gracilis, Wall. MSS. Duchesnea sundaica, Miq7 Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. part 1, 372, t. 6.
38.

stems

P. Kleiniana, Wight

many from

Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir, alt. 3-7000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 4-9000 ft. and
Bhotan. Khasia Mts., alt 4000 ft. Nilghiri Mts., alt 6-7000 ft. Ceylon, cenDistrib. Yunan, Java, Japan.
tral province, alt. 6-7000 ft.
Annual. Stems 3-24 in., flexuous. Leaflets \-1 in., variable in breadth, mem'

branous or rather coriaceous, entire towards the cuneate base, flat or complicate, beneath glabrous or with silky hairs on the nerves petiole very slender, 1-4 in.
Flowers \ in. diam., usually pedioelled, or in spreadstipules in., entire or toothed.
ing cymes.
Calyx sparsely silky lobes entire bracteoles acute or obtuse. Petals
yellow, not much exceeding the calyx. Achenes in a globose head with a large glabrous
Leaflets very rarely 7, sometimes pedate.
receptacle.
;

annual, hairy, stems

39. P. supina, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 725
spreading leafy, leaves pinnate, leaflets 3-9 opposite and alternate oblong obtuse
lobulate or serrate, stipules ovate entire, pedicels axillary solitary, petals small,
Wight fy Am. Prodr. 300 Lehm. Revis.
achenes minute, stvles subterminal.
P. denticulata, Ser.
Potentill. 193. P. cicutarisefolia, Willd.
Wall. Cat. 1029.
P. cana, Wall. MSS.
P. ruthenia ?
P. Heynii, Roth-, Wall. Cat. 1024.
Herb. Ham. P. amurensis, Maxim. P. obovata, Bertol. Piant. Nuov. Asiat. 8,
Oomarumflavum, Roxb. Cat. Hart. Beng. 39 Fl. Ind. ii. 521.
t. 4.
;

Throughout the warmer parts of India, from Kashmir to Malacca and the Nilascending the Himalaya to 850') ft. in the north-west. Iskardo in
Western Tibet., alt. 7-8500 ft. Distrib. Affghanistan and westward to the Atlantic, N. Asia and N. Africa.
Stems very numerous from the root, 6-18 in., spreading, dichotomously branched,
Leaves ^-3 in., flaccidly membranous leaflets
prostrate or suberect, stout or slender.
irregular in position form and cutting, usually obovate, often oblong or cuneate, obpetiole slender, ^-2 in.
stipules very broad or nartusely crenate incised or serrate
flowers -i in. diam.; pedicels -^ in., slender.
Calyx-lobes obtuse or acute,
row,
ghiri Hills

Achenes very
Petals oblong, vellow, smaller than the calyx.
There are two extreme
receptacle globose, villous.
forms of this common plant both found everywhere in Asia and in Africa, and many
intermediates it appears to be very rare in the Western Peninsula absent from Ceylon, which is remarkable for a tropical and subtropical annual that extends to Malacca.
Var. 1 stems excessively numerous from the root slender, flowers \ in. diam.,
achenes minute smooth. Plains of India.
as are the bracteoles.

many, minute, smooth or ridged

;

360

li.

rosaceje.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Potentilla.

Var. 2 stems more robust more dichotomously branched, flowers

achenes larger ribbed. Kashmir.
;

DOUBTFUL AND UNDETERMINABLE

in.

diam.,

SPECIES.

Potentilla sp. from Shillong, Khasia Mts., alt. 5,000 ft., C. B. Clarke perennial,
sparsely hairy, leaflets 3 sessile -1 \ in. elliptic-ovate or obovate acutely toothed hairy
beneath less so above, cauline stipules small cut, flowering stem inclined or prostrate
slender 2-3-leaved, cymes corymbose rusty tomentose leafy flowers in. diam., calyxlobes lanceolate acute, bracteoles elliptic obtuse, petals obcordate twice as long as the
calyx, carpels many.
Potentilla Candolleana, Boyle Ml. 203, name only.
Potentilla Atropos and pteropoda are names given without description or indication of affinity in Hofmeister's travels, and are no doubt described Himalayan
plants.
;

12.

CHAMJERHODOS, Bunge.

Herbs with a woody rootstock, and ascending or erect leafy stems. Leaves
Flowers small,
stipules membranous, adnate to the petiole.

alternate, divided

5-merous, in branched cymes.

Calyx persistent, tube ebracteolate lobes erect,
Stamens 5, opposite the
valvate.
Petals 5, equalling or exceeding the calyx.
calyx-lobes, short.
Disk lining the base of the calyx its margins free, bristly.
Carpels 5, 10, or more, sessile in the base of the calyx style basilar, deciduous
ovule 1, ascending. Achenes few or many, dry, glabrous. Distrib. Mountains
of Northern Asia and N. America ; species 4 or 5.
;

l.C. sabulosa, Bunge

dular and villous

; Ledeb. Flor. Ross. ii. 35 ; Ic. t. 257

leaves 3-partite, segments narrow lobed obtuse.

tufted, glan-

"Western Tibet,

alt. 12-15,000 ft.

Distrib. Altai Mts.
Bootstock short, with many densely tufted short heads.
Stems 2-4 in., slender,
erect or ascending, branched, naked or leafy.
Leaves with the slender petiole in.
Flowers in. diam., yellow. Achenes smooth, ovoid, narrowed upwards.

13.

ALCHSMILLA, Linn.

Lady's mantle.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves orbicular, lobed or deeply divided ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Floivers minute, in lax or crowded corymbose cymes.
Calyx urceolate, persistent, 4-5-bracteolate lobes 4-5, valvate in bud. Petals
Stamens 1-4, inserted on the mouth of the calyx. Disk coating the calyx0.
tube, and all but closing its mouth by its thickened margin.
Carpels 1-5, basal
in the calyx-tube ; style basal or ventral ; ovule 1, basal. Achenes 1-4, enclosed
in the membranous calyx-tube.
Distrib. Natives chiefly of the American
Andes ; a few are European, N. Indian, and American ; species 30.
;

A.

1.
vulgaris, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 729 ; leaves plaited orbicular-cordate 7-9-lobed toothed, stipules confluent into a funnel-shaped tube with
short broad spreading toothed lips.

Kashmir, alt. 8-9000 ft., Falconer, Stewart, C. B. Clarke Distrib. Persia and
westward to the Atlantic, N. Europe and Asia, Greenland and Labrador.

More or

less clothed with silky hairs.

Bootstock perennial, creeping.
Stems
Badical leaves 2-3 in. diam., basal lobes overlapping;
ascending, simple.
petiole 6-18 in.
stipules usually spreading out like a fan.
Cymes glabrous, irregularly racemed or panicled.
Flowers in. diam., yellow-green pedicel very short.
Achenes 1-2.

6-18

in.,


Alchemilla.']

Lf.

rosacea.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

361

2. A. indica, Gard. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 8; villous with soft
long spreading hairs, leaves orbicular-cordate 5-7-lobed minutely toothed, stipules confluent in a cylindric tube with oblong entire or toothed acute lips.
vulgaris, Wight Ic. t. 229. A. vulgaris var. sarmentosa, Thwaites JEnum. 102. A.

ceylanica,

Moon

Cat.

PL

Ceyl. 37.

Nilghiri Mts., Wight &c. Ceylon Central Province, alt. 5-7000 ft.
Rootstsck creeping, woody.
Stems prostrate, stout, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in. diam.,
glabrous or silky above, margins silky, coriaceous, basal lobes overlapping or not;
petiole 1-10 in.; stipules -1 in., the free portion membranous, erect or spreading,
Cymes globose, dense-flowered, on slender axillary peduncles 1-2 in. long.
ciliate.
in. long or less.
Calyx villous,
Var. sibthorpioides very slender, leaves - in. diam., cymes panicled. Ceylon,
Gardner.
;

14.

AGRI9XONXA,

Linn.

Agrimony.

Slender erect leafy perennial herbs. Leaves interruptedly pinnate leaflets

Flowers small, yellow,
coarsely serrate ; stipules partially adnate to the petiole.
Cain terminal spikelike racemes, 2-bracteolate ; pedicels bracteate at the base.
lyx persistent ; tube turbinate, spinous; mouth contracted; lobes 5, triangular,
Stamens 5-10 or more, inserted at the mouth of the
imbricate.
Petals 5.
calyx.
Disk lining the calyx-tube, its margin thickened. Carpels 2, included in
the calyx-tube ; styles exserted, stigma 2-lobed ; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit penDistrib.
dulous, of 1 or 2 achenes enclosed in the hardened spinous calyx.
N. temp, regions, and S. America ; species 8.
;

A. Eupatorium,

hairy or villous,
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 727
acute obtuse or acuminate, coarsely obtusely
serrate, bracts slender, calyx-tube villous deeply grooved, outer spines spreading.
A. lanata, Wall. Cat. 709 Wallroth Beitrdg. Bot. 1. 54, t. 1, f. 9. A.
nepalensis, Don Prodr. 229
Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 55, t. 68.
1.

Linn.

leaflets elliptic-ovate or lanceolate

Temperate Himalayas, from Murree and Kashmir, alt. 3-10,000 to Sikkim, alt.
7-10,000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft. Mishmi Hills, Griffith. Distrib. Westwards from Persia to the Atlantic, Siberia and Java, N. America, Java ?
Rootstock woody, short or long. Leaves 3-7 in.; leaflets 6-21, sessile, alternate
often small, hairy on both surfaces larger 1-3 in., elliptic-ovate or -obovate rarely
orbicular; smaller often orbicular and minute; petiole slender; stipules large, leafy,
^-lunate, entire or toothed.
Racemes slender, lengthening in fruit; pedicels reflexed
fruit; bracts 3-fid or 3-partite. Flowers ^ in. diam. Petals oblong-obovate, yellow.
'Calyx-tube in., hardened in fruit, grooved, lobes conniving in fruit; top of tube with
a deuse ring of spines which become hooked in fruit and are erect with the outer
spreading.
I am quite unable to correlate the India form of this plant with the
characters given for the European species so called
all are more or less glandular
and have a deeply furrowed calyx -tube and a horizontal rootstock. A. javanica, Miq.
seems not different as far as a single specimen enables me to judge.
;

2. A. pilosa, Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 32 sparsely hairy, leaflets elliptic-ovate

-obovate or -lanceolate obtuse or acute coarsely obtusely serrate, bracts slender,
calyx-tube almost glabrous deeplv grooved spines all erect. A. viscid ula, Bunge
Mem. Sav. Mr. St. Petersb. ii. 100, ex Walp. Rep. ii. 41.
;

Kashmir to Kunawur, alt. 6-8000 ft., Thomson, C. B. Clarke. Distrib. Eussia

Manchuria, China and Japan.
Very similar to A. Eupatorium, but more glabrous than its Indian forms, and calyx
almost glabrous with erect spines. I do not see how A. viseidula differs.

to


362

,;

lt.

rosace je.

A. zeylanica, Moon

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Agrimonia.

with long spreading hairs, leaflower bracts broad leafy, calyxtube villous deeply grooved, spines spreading. A. Eupatorium, Thwaites Enum.
102; Wight Ic. t. 224.
3.

Cat.

37

villous

lets nearly orbicular coarsely obtusely toothed,

Ceylon, central province, at an elevation of 5-7000 ft.

I keep up this species with great hesitation, suspecting it to be only a tropical
form of A. Eupatorium, and there being ^approaches to it amongst the Sikkim and Khasia
specimens of that plant it is however far more unlike than these to any European
form in the villous pubescence, short leaves and tounded leaflets. It is further remarkable that neither this nor any other Agrimonia should be found in the Western
Peninsular mountains of the Indian continent.
;

15.

FOTERIUM,

Linn.

Erect perennial herbs. Leaves pinnate leaflets stalked stipules adnate to

the sheathing petiole. Flowers small, subsessile, in dense long-peduncled heads
Calyx-tube
or centrifugal spikes, bracteate, 2-bracteolate, often polygamous.
persistent, turbinate, mouth contracted : lobes 4, petaloid, deciduous, imbricate.
Petals 0.
Stamens 4 or more, inserted at the mouth of the calyx, filaments
slender pendulous.
Disk lining the calyx-tube and closing its mouth. Carpels
1-3, enclosed in the calyx-tube styles filiform, stigma penicillate ovule 1
pendulous. Achenes solitary, enclosed in the hardened 4-angled often winged or
muricate calyx-tube. Disteib. N. temp, regions species 20.
;

* Carpels

solitary.

1. P. filiforme, Ilook.f. ; glabrous, very small and slender, leaflets sessile

ovate-orbicular or -cuneate deeply toothed, peduncle subradical very long and
slender, heads globose .white, stamens 6.

Sikkim Himalaya in marshy ground, Lachen valleys, alt. 11,500 ft., J. D. H.

small and very delicate plant quite unlike its congeners in habit the stems being short and the heads on very long 6-8 in. filiform peduncles, each with a minute
reduced leaf and bud about the middle. Stems tufted, ascending. Leaves 1-3 in.
leaflets 3-5 pair, \iu. broad.
Heads \~ in. diam., quite white bracts orbicular or
oblong, membranous, glabrous flowers monoecious.
Style very
Calyx-tube ellipsoid.
;

slender, stigma capitate.

P. di an drum,

Wall. Cat. 710 (Sanguisorba) tall, quite glabrous,

oblong-cordate crenate-toothed, heads globose, stamens 2, fruit
oblong deeply 4- winged.
2.

leaflets petiolulate

Temperate Central
10-13,000

Stem

ft.,

erect,

and Eastern Himalaya; Nipal, Wallich.

Sikkim, alt.
D. H.
2-3 ft., branched above. Leaves 6-10 in. leaflets -1 in., opposite

J.

or alternate, membranous, often complicate when dry, crenatures or teeth variable,

acute or obtuse. Heads ^-| in. diam., on slender erect axillary peduncles bracteoles
oblong, fimbriate.
Flowers dark-purple, hermaphrodite (polygamous ?).
Calyx-tube
ellipsoid, 4-gonous, glabrous
segments orbicular, concave, 3 -nerved. Style short,
stigma large plumose. Fruit pendulous, \ in. long, smooth between the undulate
;

wings.
3. P. indicum, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 10
tall, base of
stem and petioles clothed with rusty hairs, leaflets petiolulate orbicular or cordate-ovate with few large teeth, heads globose, fruit trapezoid.
Thwaites
;

Enum.

102.


Poterium.]

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

363

Ceylon, Sir J. G. McKenzie Adam's Peak, Alwis.

Very similar to P. diandrum in stature, habit, foliage, &c, but leaflets with fewer
bracteoles orbiteeth, petiole and midrib of leaflets underneath with flexuous hairs
;

calyx segments slightly hairy or scabrid on the back fruit

The flowers are probably
in., trapezoid, with short wings and a bony endocarp.
polygamous I find 12 imperfect ones in one bud, and fewer perfect, but my mateThis is a very little known plant, the only specimen I have
rials are very insufficient.
Gardner described it from some found
seen is Sir J. McKenzie's (in Herb. Benth.).
Like Agriby Mr. Alwis. Dr. Thwaites says that he has searched for it in vain.
monia, the genus is unknown in the Indian "Western Peninsula.
cular, clawed, ciliate

tall,
4. P. long-ifolia, Bertol. Misc. Dec. xxii. 14, t. 1 (Sangttisorba)
glabrous, leaflets petiolulate linear-oblong crenate with often accessory leaflets
at the base of the petiolules, heads cylindric, stamens 4, fruit short 4-winged.
;

alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.

Stem 2-4 ft., strict, much branched above. Leaves
Rootstock creeping, stout.
10-16 in. leaflets 1-3 in, rigid, base subcordate oblique, under surface reticulate;
stipules very variable, of radical leaves subulate, of cauline foliapetiole stiff, erect
ceous fan-shaped and toothed or produced and pinnate, tip rounded. Heads 1-2^ in.,
panicled, on slender stiff peduncles.
Flowers purple, hermaphrodite; bracteoles obCalyx-tube ellipsoid, 4-angled, compressed, pubescent, segments in
long, fimbriate.
opposite pairs of which one is broader than the other, thick, and thickened towards
the tip which is notched with a mucro in the notch and 3-nerved, back with a few
Stamens with slender filaments. Style filiform, elongate, stigma capitate.
hairs.
in. long, wings membranous.
Fruit broader than long,

Khasia Mts.,
;

** Carpels 2.
5.

P.

Sang uisorba,

leaflets petiolulate orbicular

fruit trapezoid acute at

Linn. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 733 sparsely hairy,

deeply toothed, heads globose, stamens about 20,
;

both ends.

Wazubistan (N. W. of the Punjab),

and westward to the Atlantic, N. Asia.

alt.

5-8000

ft.,

Stewart.

Distrib.

Persia

leaflets
Sterns suberect or ascending, leafy, with lax flaccid hairs. Leaves 3-6 in.
opposite or alternate, |- in., membranous, base rounded, petiolules very short
petiole slender.
Heads panicled. I have seen flowering specimens only, which seem
not to differ in any particular from the European plant.
;

16.

ROSA,

Linn.

sarmentose or climbing shrubs, usually prickly. Leaves pinnate

stipules adnate to the petiole.
Flowers terminal, solitary or
corymbose, white yellow or red, bracts rarely persistent.
Calyx-tube persistent,
globose ovoid or pitcher-shaped; mouth contracted; lobes leafy, imbricate in
bud. Petals 5, large. Stamens many, inserted on the disk. Disk coating the
Carpels
calyx-tube, all but closing its mouth by its thickened margin, silky.
many, rarely few, in the bottom of the calyx-tube styles subterminal, free or
Achenes coriaceous or
connate above, stigma thickened ovule 1, pendulous.
bony, enclosed in the fleshy calyx-tube. Uistrib. N. temp, regions, rare in
America extending into Abyssinia, India, and Mexico species, about 30 very
distinct forms with innumerable subspecies and varieties.
Erect,

leaflets serrate

The following
think

it

roses are so commonly cultivated by the natives of India, that I

right to give a synopsis of them taken from Brandis' " Forest Flora," 199.


;;

364

rosacea.

li.

A. Styles

infra-stipular

[Rosa.

distinct.

Fruit and branchlets densely tomentose; prickles twin, mostly

sepals deciduous.

Bracteatje.

I.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

flowers bracteate

R. Lyellii, (including R. involucratd). See below.

R. bracteata, Wendl. flowers large white, calyx-tube clothed ^ith prickles.

1.

2.

The Macartney

China.

rose.

Eglanteria, Prickles some stout and some slender

11.

flowers yellow or red

sepals persistent.

R. Eglanteria, Mill. See below.

leaflets 7 whitish beneath, flowers large yellow double.
R. sulphurea, Ait.
R. Rapini, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 672. Asia Minor to Persia.
3.

4.

Gallics

III.

sepals

R. damascena, Mill.

.5.

reflexed in flower.

mixed with glandular

more or less pinnatifid.

erect, prickles

flowers rosy or purple

Wall. Cat. 684

bristles

leaflets

rugose

pickles unequal, larger hooked, sepals

Indian garden rose cultivated for Attar. Native

The commonest

;^

country unknown.
6. R. centifolia, Linn.;. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 513; prickles unequal large hooked,
The Cabbristles numerous, leaflets and calyx glandular-ciliate, flowers nodding.
Caucasus and Assyria.
bage, Moss, and Provence roses.
Europe, Asia
prickles slender equal, flowers erect.
7. R. (tallica, Linn.
Minor.

IV. Canine:.

Prickles uniform

bristles

flowers purple red, rosy or white.

evergreen, glabrous, stipules very narR. indica, Linn.

Wall. Cat. 85, 685
r< >w adnate almost to the top, flowers large on long pedicels rarely single, sepals relaxed. R. chinensis, Jaca. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 513. R. sinica, Linn.
R. fragrans,
RedoutS R. semperflorens, Bot. Mag. t. 284 Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514 Wall. Cat. 686.
The Indian, China, Bengal and Tea roses, and hybrid perpetuals belong here. China.
9. R. microphylla, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 919
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 515 Bot. Mag. t.
3490 Wall. Cat. 692 branchlets flexuous, prickles infra-stipular, leaflets 9-15 small,
scape densely prickly, sepals short broad-toothed, flowers large double rosy.
China.
10. R. alba, Linn.; leaflets 5-7 large grey rugose downy and pale beneath,
flowers large white pale or blush double, sepals often pinnatifid.
R. glandulifera,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514. Caucasus, Affghanistan ?
8.

V. Banksians:.
corymbose.
11

Bot.

Climbing

stipules small, often deciduous

flowers rather small,

R. Banxsle, Br. ; unarmed, leaflets 3 or 5 shining, flowers white or yellow.

t. 1954; Bot. Reg. t.
1105. R. inermis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 516. China,

Mag.

Japan.
12. R. microcarpa, Lindl. ; prickles hooked, leaflets usually 3 shining, flowers
China.
white, sepals deciduous, fruit small globose red.
13. R. sinica, Ait. ;Bot. Mag. t. 2847; Bot. Reg. t. 1922;
Wall. Cat. 694;
prickles red hooked, leaflets 3 shining, flowers solitary large white, peduncles and
calyx clothed with straight prickles, fruit muricate crowned with the spreading sepals.
R. triphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 515. China, Japan.
prickles small hooked, leaflets 3 or 5 dark shining,
14. R. Fortuneana, Lindl.
flowers solitary white double, peduncles short bristly, calyx naked and glabrous.
China.
B. Styles united in a column ; flowers corymbose ; prickles uniform.
See below.
15. R. moschata.
See below.
16. R. sempervirens.
stipules and
17. R. mtjltiflora, Thunb. ; Bot. Mag. t. 1059; Bot. Reg. t. 425
bracts pectinate flowers double rosy petioles and inflorescence with long soft hairs
and no glands ; sepals broad ovate. Japan, China.

Rosa."]

li.

Sect.

I.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

365

Styles distinct.

* Sepals deciduous in fruit

R. involucrata, Roxb.

1.

Hort. Beng. 38

Fl. Ind.

ii.

513

branchlets

inflorescence densely tomentose, prickles straight, flowers shortly pedicelled,

Don Prodr. 235 ; Bot. Reg. t.
bracts large lanceolate, calyx-tube unarmed.
739 ; Wight Ic. t. 234 Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burin, i. 440 ; Wall. Cat. 696
R. Lyellii, Lindl. Monogr. Ros. 12,
Crepin. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xiv. 140.

and

t.

Crepin

MSS.

R.

I. c.

R. Lindleyana, Tratinik Ros.

Herb. Ham.

143.

niultiflora,,

i.

190.

R. palustris, Buch.

By the sides of streams of the G-angetic Plain. "Westward to Mt. Aboo in Marwar and eastward to Birma and along the lower Himalaya from Kumaon eastwards.
Mysore, Munro.

A stout bush, erect or with arching subscandent branches prickles often in stipular pairs, compressed. Leaves 34 in. leaflets 3-4 pair, 1J in. and less, elliptic or
oblong, acute or acuminate, finely serrate, shining above, glabrous on both surfaces or
tomentose on the under stipules small laciniate. Flowers 2-3 in. diam white, fragrant, solitary or in short corymbs, rarely axillary and longer pedicelled peduncles
and pedicels sometimes with glandular hairs bracts more or less glandular- serrate,
Calyx-tube obovoid lobes caudate-acuminate, quite entire, deciduespecially below.
Fruit globose, densely tomentose mass of stigmas discoid, exPetals retuse.
ous.
Except that one is described as scandent
serted achenes very many, in. long. pale.
It is the common rose of the
I cannon distinguish R. involucrata from R. Lyellii.
Bengal plains and foot of the Himalaya and the only really tropicnl species of India.
Lindley's varieties burmana, parvifolia, glabra, and acutifolia (in Wall. Herb.) explain
themselves. Wallich's specimen of involucrata var. glabra is stated to come from
the mountains of Pundua on the confines of Sylhet, i. e. the Khasia Mts., which I
greatly doubt, for I found it in the Jheels only of Sylhet; and Blinkworth's habitat
of the Alps of Sirinuggur probably applies to the Dheyra dhoon. Wallich who procured R. Lyellii in Nipal describes it as a large climber in woods, possibly confounding
Crepin hazards the conjecture that Lyellii is a hybrid between
it with R. moschata.
involucrata and moschata, and regards it as a very doubtful plant, under which circumstances I have retained Roxburgh's name of involucrata, which first appeared in
his "Cat. Hort. Bot. Calc." in 1814.
;

2.

R. anserinaefolia,

Boiss.

Fl. Orient,

ii.

677;

tall,

subscandent,

prickles hooked, bristles C, leaflets broadly elliptic obtuse simply serrate and petioles pubescent beneath or on both surfaces, flowers in few- or many-flowered
corymbs shortly pedicelled white, fruit very small globose.

Wuzuristan

alt.

5,000

ft.,

Br. Stewart.

Distrib.

Affghanistan and Belu-

chistan.

common wild and cultivated Affghan rose, ascending to 10,000 ft., of

This
which Griffith gathered many specimens, and which no doubt extends within the
is

British frontier, though the nearest hitherto detected habitat is that given above,
whence the specimens have very small folinge and flowers.
shrub often 10 ft.
branches with tew or many unequal stout compressed prickles often in pairs branchlets leaves beneath petioles and calyx covered usually with a rather furfuraceous
pubescence mixed on the petioles and calyx with minute prickles and glands. Leaves
1-3 in. leaflets \-% in., rarely glabrous above, sessile, nerves beneath indistinct; peFlowers from solitiole slender; stipules broad, with glandular ovate free portion.
ttry to many in a short crowded corymb, f-l in. diam., fragrant; pedicels short,
Calyx tube gloglabrous or pubescent bracts ovate-lanceolate, densely glandular.
lobes ovate-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, tobcse, usually smooth and glabrous
msntose, deciduous tips pubescent, sometimes dilated.
Fruit smooth, \ in. diam.
achenes - in. long. The above description is of the
head of stigmas very large
Stewart's specimens have more obovate green leaflets
oxlinary state of the plant.
|in. long, faintly puberulous beneath, and solitary flowers barely 1 in. diam.

n. eosace^;.

366

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Rosa.

** Sepals persistent in fruit.

prickles straight or
3. XI. macrophylla, Lindl. Monogr. Ros. 35, t. 6
glandular and pubescent or not, leaflets elliptic-ovate acuminate or -cute
finely serrate, bracts large, flowers solitary or corymbose red, sepals very long
Brandis For. Flor. 203
Wall. Plant.
tips filiform often dilated and serrate.
Don Prodr. 235 Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot.
Cat. 690
As. Rar. ii. 19, t. 117
Hoffmeisteri and Gulielmi Waldemarii, Klotzsch
Belg. xiii. 84, xiv. 167.
R. Hookeriana, Bertol. Misc. Bot.
in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 153, t. 7, 8.
;

0,

xxiv. 14,

t.

1.

Temperate Himalaya, from Murrbe, alt. 3500-10,000 ft. to Sikkjm, alt.

8-10,000 ft, Distrib. China.
prickles straight or slightly curved, with broad dilated bases.
Leaves
Erect
2-8 in. leaflets -2 in., usually pubescent beneath, base acute rarely rounded pelarge,
broad,
spreading.
Flowers l-3in. diam., bright red,
tiole pubescent stipules
peduncles pedicels and calyx usually very bristly and glandular bracts foliaceous,
glandular
on
lanceolate,
the
margin.
Calyx-tube
-1 in. lobes 1-2 in.,
oblong or
Fruit sometimes 2 in. long styles hairy, exPetals broadly obcordate.
persistent.
serted achenes large, often | in. long, few or many.
Var. minor, Lindl. I.e. leaflets \ in. often obtuse, flowers \-\\ in. diam.
Var. Hookeriana nearly unarmed, leaves very pubescent, peduncles and calyx
hardly glandular. E. Hookeriana, Wall. Cat. 691, not of Bertol. R. torulosa, Wall.
;

MSS.
4.

R. Eg lanteria,

Linn.

DC.

Prodr.

ii.

607

branches with

erect,

straight prickles, branchlets prickly and bristly or naked pubescent, rarely glabrous, leaflets deeply doubly-glandular-serrate, hairy and glandular beneath,
R. lutea, Mill. ; Boiss.
flowers frw yellow, calyx-tube hemispheric or globose.
Bot. Mag. t. 363 ; Brandis For. Flor. 201. R. bicolor,
Flor. Orient, ii. 671
(The Austrian rose.)
Jacq. Hort. Find. i. t. 1.
;

Drier parts of the inner Himalaya, from Kisutwar westward and in Western
Tibet, alt. 8-11,000 ft. Distrib. Affghanistan and westward to Asia Minor, and

northward to Siberia.
A small bush, very leafy prickles slender, much compressed, pale. Leaves
1^-3 in., leaflets 2-4 pair, ^| in. petiolulate, elliptic-obovate or orbicular, obtuse
or apiculate, rather membranous, glabrous or sparsely hairy above petiole pubes;

stipules broad, free portion half ovate, toothed.

cent and glandular
Flowers
2-2^ in. diam. pedicel often glabrous bracts ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, glanCalyx-tube glabrous, unarmed or prickly
dular.
lobes long-acuminate, tomentose,
persistent, entire or with marginal laciniae tips usually dilated.
Petals obcordate,
variable in depth of colour.
;

R. Webbiana.

Wall. Cat. 683; erect, prickles pale, bristles 0,

oblong or orbicular, flowers subsolitary, calyx-tube usually glandularbristly, sepals exceeding the petals, fruit ovoid or globose.
Royle III. 208,
Brandis For. Flor. 202.
t. 42; Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xiii. 274;
R. unguicularis, Bertol. Misc. xxii. 35, t. 3. R. pimpinellifolia, Herb. Ind.
5.

leaflets

Or. Hook,
Drier

5-13,500

f^

T.

inner Himalaya, from

Kashmir

to

Kumaon and Western

Tibet,

alt.

#1

ft.

Glabrous, or with pubescent petioles and leaves beneath

glandular hairs
yr
confined to the inflorescence; prickles copious, - in., straight or curved, with loig
leaflets 2-5 pair,
bases, yellow. Leaves -2 in.
|-f in., rarely obovate, entire towar"
the usually rounded base, rarely pubescent stipules small.
Flowers pink, 1-3
Calyx globose or ovoid, often densely bristly, rarely qufy
diam., usually solitary.
smooth lobes caudate-acuminate, glandular, often with dilated tips, entire, persii
;


li.

'Rosa.']

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

367

Fruit ovoid or globose, -1 in. diam., glandular or glabrous

Petals obcordate.
stigmas villous achenes many, in. long, pale. Differs from B. pimpinellifolia in
the fewer leaflets, uniform prickles, pubescent longer sepals, and iruit not depressed.

tent.

6. R. sericea, Lindl. Monogr. Bos. 105, t. 12; suberect, prickles broad

compressed, bristly or not, leaflets acutely toothed towards the rounded tip silky
beneath, flowers solitary ebracteate white or pale straw-coloured, petals usually
Boyle HI. 208; Don Prodr. 236; Bot. Mag. t. 5200;
4, fruit pyriform.
Brandts For. Flor. 202 Crepin in Bull. Bot. Soc. Belg. xiv. 151 ; Wall. Cat.
R. tetrapetala, Boyle III. 208, t. 42. R. WaUich-ii, Trattin. Bos. ii. 293.
695.
;

Temperate Himalaya, from Kumaon 9-13,000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 9-14,000 ft. and
Bhotan, alt. 5-10,000 ft. Distbib. China, Yunan (form with leaves very hairy on
both surfaces).
Erect or subscandent branches perfectly glabrous and unarmed or prickly only, or
also loosely or densely bristly and glandular prickles ^-lf in., straight, brown.
Leaves 1-3 in., crowded leaflets 7-9, ^-1 in., usually oblong, obtuse with an excurrent
stipules oblong, membranous, apiculate.
midrib, rarely villous on both surfaces
Flowers 2-2^- in. diam., on short lateral shoots, hence almost axillary peduncle and
Calyx-lobes pubescent, ovate-lanceolate, persistent.
calyx -tube bristly and glandular.
Bruit subglobose
Petals obcordate, rarely 5, white rarely pink or faintly yellowish.
achenes few, ^ in. long.
or broadly pyriform, silky or glabrous
;

Sect. II. Styles united into a column which

tube.

is

exserted far beyond the calyx-

moschata, Mill. ; Brandis For. Flor. 201 climbing, prickles

7. R.
recurved, leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate puberulous beneath, flowers many
in compound corvmbs white, sepals often pinnatifid, fruit small subglobose.
Wall. Cat. 688 Bot. Beg. t. 829, 861. ? R. recurva, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514.
R. Brunonii, Lindl. Monogr. Bos. 120, t. 14; Don Prodr. 236 Bot. Mag. t.
4030; Wall. Cat. 689 (Brunonis). R. Lindleyi, Herb. Wall. R. pubescens,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514. R. glandulifera, Herb. Boxb.
;

Murree to Nipal, alt, 2-1 1,000 ft.

Affghanistan.
prickles scattered, stout.
Leaves 2-6 in. leaflets 2-4 pair,
tall climber
1-3 in., acute or acuminate, serratures very numerous and acute, base rounded
stiInflorescence pubescent and usually glandular,
pules glandular, free part subulate.
but not prickly or bristly, braces subulate. Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., very numerous
Calyx-tube small, obovoid lobes in., lanceolate, caupedicels l-l in., slender.
date-acuminate, entire or cut or pinnatifid, reflexed after flowering, deciduous. Petals
Fruit | in. diam., dark brown, glabrous styles
orbicular-obovate, yellowish-white.
Temperate Central and Westerif Himalaya, from

Distrib.
A

far exserted.

climbing, prickles
8. XI. long-icuspis, Bertol. Misc. Bot. xxi. 15, t. 3
scattered curved, leaves evergreen, leaflets glabrous shining ovate-lanceolate serrate caudate-acuminate, petioles and inflorescence glandular and bristly, flowers
Crepin in Bull. Soc.
corymbose, petals tomentose externally, fruit subglobose.
R. sempervirens, L. ; Hook.f. fy Thorns. Herb. Ind. Or.
Bot. Belg. xiii. 256.
;

Khasia Mts., alt. 2-5000 ft. Mishmi Hills, Griffith.

Leaves 3-6 in. leaftall and often very strong climber, with a stout trunk.
lets 2-3 pair, 2-3 in., petiolulate, firmly coriaceous, very sharply serrate, quite glapetiole stout, often glandular and prickly
stipules with ovate
brous, base rounded
Corymbs short, more or less glandular, sometimes with
or subulate free portions.

minute prickles bracts large, lanceolate, caudate, glandular all over. Flowers 1 in.
Calyx-tube broadly obovoid lobes very large with
diam. pedicels rather stout.
often ciliated toothed tips, sometimes with a few long teeth at the side. Petals obcor;

368

lt.

date, silkily

rosace 2E.

tomentose externally.

Crepin

(J.

Fruit |-

D. Hooker.)
in.

diam.

[Rosa.

styles far exserted

achenes

sums up the distinction between this and its very near ally 7?. sempervirens. L., in the more coriaceous leaves with longer tips, the narrower stipules and
bracts, the more or less pubescent pedicels and calyx, the narrower sepals, longer buds,
7
and velvety back of the petals. Of these all but the last character are excessively variable, and I expect that the latter even may disappear. There is a single specimen
of this in Herb. Wallich from the Khasia (Pundua) under No. 696.

in.

Am.

Prodr. 301 ; climbing, prickles

9. It. Leschenaultiana, Wight 8r
scattered curved, leaves evergreen usually glandular beneath, leaflets ellipticovate acute or acuminate serrate, petioles and inflorescence glandular-bristly,
Wight Ic. t. 38
flowers corymbose, petals at length glabrous, fruit subglobose.
Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bat. Belg. xxiii. 259. R. sempervirens var. LeschenaulR. sempervirens, Hook. f. 8f Thorns.
tiana, Thory et Redoute Ros. iii. 87.
Herb. Ind. Or. R. Wallichii, Sabine in Wall. Cat. 687.
;

Western Peninsula Nilohiri and Pulnky Mts.

Very closely allied indeed to E. brevicuspis, and
;

itself too

plant,

I believe only a variety of that

in being more glandular, leaflets less
petals, the latter of which are pubescent only before ex-

near sempervirens

acuminate, larger sepals and

pansion.

it differs

DOUBTFUL

species.

E. Moorcroftii, Wall. Cat. 693 from Ladak in "Western Tibet. The specimen
wanting in Herb. Linn. Soc, but is probably B. Eglantera.
K. Jacquemontii, Crep. MSS. I have only a fruiting specimen of this, which
It is Jacquemont's No. 1170, p.
quite insufficient for description.

is

is

NEURADA, Linn.

17.

An annual white woolly depressed branched herb. Leaves ovate, petioled,

Floivers axillary, solitary.
Calyx-tube flat, dilated, at
lobed stipules minute.
length conic spiny and forming with the ripe carpels an orbicular disk lobes 5,
Stamens 10, inserted in the
triangular bracteoles 5, subulate. Petals 5, small.
contracted mouth of the calyx, filaments subulate. Carpels 10 in a whorl, spreading; styles subulate, persistent; ovules solitary from the apex of the carpel.
Fruit a depressed cone, with spinous margins carpels 10, horizontal, dehiscing
Seeds curved, germinating within the carpels.
Disabove, styles spinescent.
tkib. N. Africa, Arabia, Persia, Affghanistan.
;

N. procumbens,

1.

1596

Hook.

Ic. PI.

Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient,

ii.

735; Wight

Ic.

t.

840.

Southern Punjab, Mooltan and Adunwhari

Scinde, Stocks.

Branches 5-10

t.

hills.

Leaves -f in., ovate, tomeritose on both surfaces. Flowers

\ in. diam., shortly pedicelled. Fruit |-| in. diam., under surface quite flat. The
orbicular fruit forms a persistent collar at the top of the root of the young plant.
in.

17.*

CVDONZA,

Tourn.

Bushes with black bark. Leaves simple, quite entire stipules ovate, obFlowers large, solitary, white or pink, woolly ; bracts herbaceous, toothed.
;

lique.

Calyx-tube clavate

lobes large, spreading, toothed.

Petals 5, contorted in bud,
Stamens 20. Ovary 5-celled ; styles 6, connate and

claw woolly or glabrous.

Gydonia.]

li.

rosacea.

(J.

;;

D. Hooker.)

369

woolly below the middle ; ovules many in each cell, 2-seriate, ascending or
Fruit subglobose, intruded at the base and apex, firm and fleshy,
Seeds small, plano-convex, testa mucilafragrant, 5-celled, cells many-seeded.
Distrib. S. of Europe and the East, China.
ginous.
horizontal.

1. C. vulgaris, Pers.-, Boiss. Fl. Orient,

Pom. 128 Wall. Cat. 665. 0. Sumboshia, Ham.
;

Cydonia, Linn.

Roxb. Fl. Ind.

ii.

511

ii.

in

656; Dene. Mem. Fam.

Don Prodr. 237. Pyrus

Brand. For. Fl. 205.

The Quince.

Cultivated in !N. W. India, and up to 5500 ft. in the Himalaya. Distbib. Native country unknown ; is self-sown in the East and in South Europe, &c.
Decaisne
refers the Quince of N. W. India to C. lusitanica, Mill, but it certainly in no way
differs from the common fruit of Europe.

18.

DOCYNIA,

Dene.

Small trees. Leaves deciduous, simple, lobed in young plants ; stipules-small,

Flmvers white, solitary or fascicled. Calyx-tube clavate ; limb shortly
subulate.
Petals 5, with long woolly claws,
tubular, 5-partite ; lobes reflexed, toothed.
Ovary 5-celled ; styles 5-celled, connate
imbricate in bud. Stamens 30-50.
and woolly below the middle ovules 3, subbasilar in each cell. Fruit rounded
ovoid or pyriform, flesh hard ; cells 1-3-seeded ; endocarp like parchment. Seeds
plano-convex, testa coriaceous; cotyledons amygdaloid. Distrib. Himalaya
,

and the Khasia Mts.

1. D. indica, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 131, t. 14; leaves ovate or oblonglanceolate long-acuminate entire or serrulate glabrous above beneath densely
woolly at length glabrate, fruit almost globose. D. Griffithiana, Dene. I. c.
Pyrus indica, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 56, t. 173 ; Roxb. Cat. Hort. Beng. 38
Cydonia indica, Spach,
Fl. Ind. ii. 511 ; Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 441.
Suite Buff. ii. 158 ; Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 12.

Eastern temperate Himalaya Sikxim, alt. 4-6000 ft. J. B. H. Bhotan, alt.

7500 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 6000 ft. Bibma, Kurz. Distrib. Poneshee (Yunan).
A small tree, 12-15 ft., in a young state like a Crataegus, having 3-lobate lobulate
and sharply toothed leaves and often spinescent branches young parts of old plants
densely clothed with white woolly tomentum. Leaves 3-4 in., coriaceous, at length
quite glabrous^ with prominent arched nerves beneath, serratures chiefly beyond the
middle petiole slender, \-\ in. Flowers l-l in. diam., shortly pedicelled, densely
woolly.
Calyx-tube pyriform lobes narrowly lanceolate. Petals spreading. Filaments long, slender. Styles slender, united at the base into a woolly cone. Fruit a
nearly spherical yellow green apple, with orange spots, l-l in. diam., and rather
longer, rounded at the base and crowned with the broken sepals, usually 5-celled
cells 3-seeded
seeds quite like those of apple it is rather austere with a slight
quince flavour and forms a good stew. B. (xriffithiana from Bhotan is only B'. indica.

2. D. Hookeriana, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 131, t. 15

leaves oblong
or linear-lanceolate long-acuminate serrate, fruit between fusiform and ellipsoid
contracted below the sepals.
;

Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft., at Myrong, J. B. H. $ T. T.

Very closely allied to B. indica, but the leaves are larger (4-5 in.) and narrower
in proportion, and the fruit is of a wholly different shape and not half as long as
broad.
I have only fruiting specimens
these show no trace of woolliness, but no
doubt in a younger state the branches and leaves are as woolly as those of B.
;

indica.

VOL. n.

B B

370

li.

19.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Friobotrya.

ERXOBOTEYA, Lindl.

Leaves simple, entire or serrate, very coriaceous;

trees.
Floivers in thyrsoid panicles, white.
Calyxlanceolate or broad.
tube turbinate obconic or clavate ; lobes small, erect or spreading, persistent.
Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in bud, obovate or orbicular, usually obOvary 2-5-celled
lique and notched, margins sinuate, claw glabrous or woolly.
styles 5, connate and woolly below ; ovules 2 in each cell, basal, ascending, placenta sometimes cupuliform. Fruit a succulent or dry rarely 1-2-celled berry ;
endocarp membranous, 1- rarely 2-3-seeded. Seeds large, ovoid and cylindric or
flattened on one side, testa hard coriaceous and mucilaginous ; cotyledons very

Small or large

stipules

Distrib. Himalaya, Malay Peninsula, China, Japan.

thick.

I cannot distinguish Eriobotrya from Photinia, except by the inflorescence all the
other characters given by Decaisne break down amongst the species enumerated
under it thus the petals are contorted in all but elliptica and japonica, and their
claws are glabrous in several ; the styles are only two in all but the above, and one
the crown of, the ovary is glabrous in E. dubia, and I do
other, which has 3 styles
not find the calyptriform process of the placenta in any but japonica; but I have not
examined all for this character, and it is one difficult to detect in dry specimens.
;

* Petals contorted in bud.

Styles

2 or

3.

1. E. petiolata, Hook./.-, robust, leaves 6-9 in. long-petioled ellipticlanceolate acuminate thickly coriaceous entire or obtusely serrate glabrous beneath, nerves 12-14 pair, inflorescence clothed with appressed tomentum,
flowers pedicelled, calyx-lobes rounded, styles 2. E. elliptica, Herb. Ind. Or. H.

Mem. Fam. Pom. 145

f.fyT.-, Dene.

in part.

ft.
Bhotan at Tongsa, Griffith.
Leaves firmly coriaceous, 6-9 by 3-3^ in. base
tree ; branchlets glabrous.
acute; petiole 1^-2 in. Panicles 3-6 in. long and broad, branched from the base, very
spreading, clothed with rusty tomentum as are the very young leaves on' both surFlowers in. diam., not crowded, shortly pedicelled.
faces.
Calyx-tube short, obPetals contorted, orbicular, concave, claw
conic ; lobes also short, semicircular.
Misled by the provisional naming of the Indian collections distriglabrous.
buted by Dr. Thomson and myself, Decaisne has included this under E. elliptica,
from which it differs entirely in the longer petioles, appressed almost scurfy tomen-

Eastern Himalaya

Sikkim,

alt.

5-9000

tum of
2.

the panicle and form of calyx.

E. latifolia, Hook.

elliptic acute at

stout, leaves 6-8 in. long-petioled broadly

f.
both ends quite entire glabrous above beneath with deciduous

tomentum, nerves 10-12

MoIlmayne

pair, panicle softly tomentose.

on Thoung G-yne,

alt. 5000 ft., Thos. Lobb.

Leaves firmly coriaceous, 3-4 in. broad, opaque above, quite
when old, without a trace of serratures, narrowed into the stout
petiole which is 1^-2 in. long, and glabrous except the young leaves which are
Panicle 6 in. long and as broad, much branched, clothed with rusty
softly woolly.
Flowers $ in. diam., crowded.
Calyx-tube broadly obconic; lobes
pubescence.
rounded. Petals contorted, broadly obovate or orbicular, claw glabrous. Styles 2.

12
glabrous beneath
shrub,

ft.

robust, leaves 7-10 in. shortly petioled nar3. E. longifolia, Hook. f.

rowly oblanceolate acuminate quite entire narrowed into the petiole, nerves 25-30
Photinia longifolia, Dene. Mem. Fam.
pair almost horizontal, panicle glabrate.
Pom. 142.
;

Eriobotrya.']

Mismn

li.

rosaceje.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

371

Hills, Griffith.

A shrub, branchlets as

thick as a swan's quill. Leaves firmly coriaceous, l-l in.

margins revolute (in drying ?), perfectly glabrous, hardly shining above petiole | in. Panicles 4-5 in. long, glabrate
branches rather slender. Flowers shortly
pedicelled, white.
Calyx appressed- pubescent, tube obconic limb in. diam. lobes
triangular, obtuse, glabrous within.
Petals cochleate, claw glabrous.
Styles 2, the
united part pubescent. I have not seen the""~p~etals, which Decaisne describes he
refers it to Photinia, biit^ the habit foliage and inflorescence are altogether those of

diam.

Eriobotrya.
4. E. Hookeriana, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 146 robust, leaves 8-12 in.
very shortly and stoutly petioled elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate sharply
coarsely serrate, more or less pubescent beneath, nerves 20-30 pair, panicle tomenPhotinia subsessilis, King in Herb. Calc.
tose, branches spreading.
;

Eastern Himalaya

Sikkim,

alt.

6500-8000

ft.,

J. B.

H.

Bhotan.

alt.

4-6500

ft.

Griffith.

small tree, with very stout branches. Leaves 8-12 by 2-4^ in., when young
thickly covered with rusty tomentose, old glabrate or glabrous, very thickly coriaceous, opaque above with impressed close-set nerves, serrated nearly to the truncate
rounded or subacute base petiole -| in., very thick stipules semi-lunate, very coPanicle 4-6 in. and as broad, finely softly tomentose, almost woolly.
riaceous.
Flowers} in. diam., white; bracts small, ovate; pedicels short, stout. Calyx-tube
Petals contorted, orbicular, claw woolly.
lobes rounded, obtuse.
shortly obconic
Fruit f in. long, ellipsoid, yellow.
Styles 2, base woolly.
;

5. E. dubia, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 145, excl. some syn. ; rather slender,
leaves 3-5 in. shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate
quite glabrous shining above coarsely sharply serrate, nerves 10-12. pair, panicle
softly tomentose or only puberulous, crown of ovary glabrous. Photinia? dubia,
P. dubia, WenLindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 104, 1. 10 ; Wall. Cat. 668, 1.
Cratsegus ? Shicola, Ham. in Don
zig in Linncea, 1874, 94, excl. synonym.
Prodr. 238. Mespilus tinctoria, Don Prodr. 238.

Central and Eastern Himalaya

Bhotan

alt.

4000

Nepal, Wallich

Sikkim,

alt.

5-6000

ft.,

J. D.

H.

Griffith.

ft.,

small tree, 20-40 ft. Leaves thinly coriaceous, not exceeding li in. broad,
gradually narrowed at the base into the petiole, which is slender and 5-^in. Panicles
2-4 in. long and broad branches rather slender. Flowers not crowded, \ in. diam.,
Calyx-tube short, obconic ; lobes
white, shortly pedicelled bracts short, subulate.
rather variable, short, acute or obtuse. Petals orbicular, claw slightly woolly. Styles
Fruit ^ in long,
2, glabrous, on the short hemispheric glabrous top of the ovary.
shortly ellipsoid, 1-seeded, eatable.
;

6.

E. beng-alensis, Hook./.;

elliptic or elliptic oblong or lanceolate

rather stout, leaves 4-8 in. long-petioled

acuminate coarsely obtusely serrate or lobu-

8-12 pair, panicle softly tomentose, crown

of ovary woolly. E. dubia, Dene. Mem. Pom. 145, in part Kurz, For. Fl.
Mespilus bengalensis, JRoxb. Cat. Hort. Beng. 38 Fl. Ind. ii.
Brit. JBurm. 443.
510. Photinia dubia, Wall. Cat. 668,2, 3, 4, and E.

late quite glabrous shining above, nerves

Eastern Himalaya Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., C. B. Clarke. Khasia Mts. and Muku
Chittagong, Ava. Wallich; Tenasserim, Heifer; Malacca,
alt. 3-4000 ft.
Distrib. Bhamo.
Griffith, Maingay.
A large robust tree. Leaves often 2| and sometimes 3 in. broad, sometimes acute,
obtuse or rounded with coarse lobules or crenatures petiole stout or slender, f-lf in.,
Panicles 3-5 in. long and broad, branched from the base, branches rather
glabrous.
Calyx-tube obconic lobes
Flowers ^ in. diam., white, smelling of hawthorn.
stout.
Styles 2, base very woolly.
acute or obtuse. Petals orbicular, claw slightly woolly.
Fruit f in. long, ellipsoid, 1-2-seeded, uneatable. Confounded by Wallich. myself,
;

hills,

bb2


372

li.

rosacea

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Friobotrya.

and others with E. dubia, but very distinct ; a much larger tree, with longer
broader petioled leaves with slender petioles the top of the ovary being woolly also
well distinguishes it.
;

quite glabrous, leaves erect 2-4 in.

7. E. ang-ustissima, Hook. jhl.
very narrow linear-lanceolate narrowed into the short petiole obtuse remotely
;

serrate, panicle small glabrous.

Khasia Mts.
Hook.f.

alt.

5000

ft.

Simons

Mooshye, and between Myrung and Nunklow,

$T.

Thomson and myself in but two

very remarkable shrub, 4 ft.
and there forming a low fastigiate brushwood on river banks, with stout dark
much
exceeding
not
branches, and erect rigid leaves,
\ in. in breadth; nerves 8-10
Panicles \\ in. ; branches short, erect, glapetiole slender, \ in.
pair, ascending
Calyx pubescent; tube short; lobes rounded.
Flowers few, in. diam.
brous.
Styles 3, slender, base and crown of ovary
Petals obovate or obcordate, claw woolly.
high, found by

spots,

woolly.

** Petals quincuneial.

Styles 5.

8. ZS. elliptica, Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 102 ; very robust, leaves
petioled 6-10 in. obovate or oblong-lanceolate entire or coarsely serrate glabrous
beneath, nerves about 20 pair, inflorescence densely clothed with soft spreading
Wall. Cat. 667.
wool, flowers sessile, styles 5, fruit small obovoid or globose.
Mespilus Ouila, Sam.
E. japonica, 0. elliptica, Wenzig in Linruea, 1874, 100.
in Don Prodr. 238.

Mishmi Hills, Griffith.

Similar in many respects to E. japonica, but leaves much broader, glabrous beFlowers sessile or subsessile.
Calyx-lobes
neath, with glabrous petioles 1-1 in.
Petals orbicular, claw woolly. Styles 5, woolly to the top stigmas large,
triangular.
Griffith's specimens have fruit, which is nearly globose upspathulate, recurved.
wards of in. diam. and 1-seeded.
Nepal, Wallich

9. E. japonica, Lindl. ; branches very robust, and leaves beneath and

inflorescence densely softly woolly, leaves subsessile narrowly oblanceolate acuminate remotely serrate woolly beneath, petiole very short, fruit ovoid large
Prodr. 302 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl.
W. 8f
intruded at the top.

Am.

32

Wight

Ic.

t.

226. Mespilus japonica, Banks

Roxb. Fl. Ind.

ii.

610.

(The

Loquat.)
Cultivated in many parts of India.
Branchlets as thick as the little finger. Leaves 6-8 by l|-3 in., thick and stiffly
coriaceous base obtuse or narrowed into the very short stout woolly petiole ; nerves
12-15, very prominent beneath. Panicles 3-6 in. long and broad; branches very stout.
Flowers \ in. diam., crowded, fragrant. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, subacute. Petals
broadly ovate. Fruit 1-1 in. long, rather narrower, yellow, rarely as many as 5seeded.
;

IMPERFECTLY

KNOWN

SPECIES.

E. macbocabpa, Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. ii. 443 evergreen, glabrous, leaves
5-6 in., from obovate to oblong-lanceolate shortly subobtusely acuminate quite entire
narrowed into the stout - in. petiole ooriaceous smooth glossy, fruit subglobose size
of a bullet glabrous crowned with the calyx-limb, peduncle 1-3 in. stout simple glabrous
Birma, rare in forests on N. E.
axillary in the upper leaves of the thick branchlets.
slopes of Kambala-toung and Pegu at Yomah, alt. 2-3000 ft., Kurz.
;

20.

PYRUS,

Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves deciduous, simple or pinnate ; stipules deciduous.

Flowers white red or pink, in terminal cymes or corymbs ; bracts subulate or

<

Pyrus."]

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

373

Calyx-tube urceolate turbinate or obconic, lobes 5 erect or reflexed, perPetals 5, quincuncially imbricate in bud.
Stamens 20 or
more, filaments sometimes connate at the base. Disk annular, or coating the
Carpels 2-5, connate and adnate to the calyx-tube, styles 2-5, free
calyx-tube.
or connate below, stigmas truncate ovules 2 in each cell, basal, collateral,
ascending. Fruit (a pome) fleshy, 2-5-celled cells with a membranous or cartilaginous often 2-valved endocarp, 1-2-seeded.
Seeds when in pairs planoconvex, testa coriaceous cotyledons amygdaloid. Disteib. N. temp, and cold
regions ; species 40.
lineal'.

sistent or deciduous.

Sect. I. BXalus. Leaves entire.

Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles more or less
united below. Fruit globose ; flesh of uniform consistence ; endocarp coriaceous
or like parchment.
Flowers fascicled or subumbellate.

1. P. BXalus, Linn. ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 96

leaves ovate shortly acuminate crenate glabrous above tomentose beneath, calyx densely tomentose lobes
persistent, petals pink, fruit large very shortly peduncled.
Roxb. Fl. Incl. ii.
Wall. Cat. 7111. Malus communis, Desf. ; Boiss.
511 ; Brandis For. Fl. 205
Fl. Orient, ii. 656 Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 153.
;

Apparently wild in the North "Western Himalaya, ascending to 9000 ft., and to
11,400 in Western Tibet; cultivated in N. *W. India, Central India, the Dekkan,
&c. Distrib. from Persia westwards to the Mediterranean.
tree, rarely exceeding 30 ft.
Branches and foliage at length glabrous. Leaves
2-3 in. petiole half the length of the blade, tomentose or woolly. Flowers 1^-2 in.
diam. Calyx-lobes broad-ovate, acute, persistent. Petals with a tomentose claw.
Styles 5, united below the middle.
Fruit globose, intruded at both ends.

2. P. baccata, Linn. ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 97

leaves elliptic-ovate acuminate serrulate glabrous, calyx glabrous, peduncles very long, petals white, fruit
small globose. P. baccata v. himalaica, Maxim. Diag. Dec. xv. 167
Wenzig
in Linncea, 1874, 44 Brandis For. Fl. 205 Wall. Cat. 681.
Malus baccata,
(The Siberian Crab.)
Desf. Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 154.
;

Temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 6-10,000 ft. (sometimes

Khasia Mts., alt. 6000 ft.
cultivated), and in Bhotan, alt. 7500 ft., Griffith.
Distrib. Siberia to Manchuria.
A small tree, trunk short, head rounded. Leaves 2-3 in., rarely almost orbicular,
young glabrous or as well as the petiole pubescent petiole half the length of the
Flowers 1^-2 in. diam., in sessile umbels or fascicles, rarely with the pedicels
blade.
pedicels slender, 2-3 in. Calyx glabrous or puberulous,
collected on a short peduncle
lobes lanceolate, deciduous.
without tomentum within
Petals very variable in
;

breadth.
Styles 3-5, nearly free, very woolly at their united bases.
Fruit \-\ in.
diam., red or scarlet, intruded at the base.
The fruit of this is much smaller than in
common
form
plant,
and
the
of the
often subpyriform like that figured in Pallas
Flora Kossica, i. t. x.

3. P. sikkimensis, Hook./.', leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrulate tomentose beneath, calyx woolly, peduncles very long, fruit small
shortly pyriform.

Sixxim Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., J. D. H. Bhotan, Griffith.

Very similar to P. baccata, but the leaves (which attain 5 by 3 in.) are more
acutely serrate, woolly beneath and on the petiole and on the midrib above, the peduncles and calyx are also very woolly.
It is marked by Decaisne as a distinct species
(of Malus), but I suspect it will prove a form of P. baccata.
The claw of the petals
is

woolly

the limb broadly obovate-oblong or almost orbicular

the styles are united

the

below the middle into a perfectly glabrous column the calyx-lobes deciduous
;

374

rosacea.

ii.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

the fruit speckled and very good stewed.

are like those of P. variolosa, but smaller,

stamens about 25

[Pyrus.

The specks on the

Pyrus proper.

Sect. II.

Ovary 6-celled

styles free.

fruit

Petals white, claw glabrous.

Leaves entire.
Fruit globose or pyriforni, flesh granular. Flowers

in few-flowered corymbs.

leaves oblong
4. P. communis, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 653
ovate acute crenulate or subentire hardly exceeding the slender petiole, corymbs
Roxb. Fl. Ind.
short, calyx-lobes ovate or lanceolate persistent, fruit pyriform.
ii. 510
Brandts For. Fl. 203. (The Common Pear.)
;

Kashmir {Brandis) cultivated in the N. W. Himalaya,

2-8000 ft., and in Western Tibet to alt. 10,000 ft. Distrib. N. Persia westward to S. Europe,
A tree or shrub, glabrous or with woolly young parts and inflorescence, young
often spinous.
Leaves variable in breadth and in length of point, of young plant
Calyx-lobes
lobed.
Flowers 1| in. diam.
Corymbs terminating short shoots.
variable. Petals obovate, white.
Fruit 1-2 inches, gradually narrowed into the
Believed to be wild in

alt.

peduncle.
5. P. Pashia, Ham. in Don Prodr. 236; young parts woolly, leaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate crenulate the young serrulate, glabrous
when old, cymes corymbose or subumbellate woolly, calyx-lobes acute deciduous,
petals white and pink, fruit globose warted. Wenzig. in Linncea, 1874, Decaisne
Jard. Fruit., Le Poirier, t. 7 (Pirus)
Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. 441. P.
variolosa, Wall. Cat. 680
Brandis For. Fl. 204. P. verruculosa, Bertol.
Piant. Nuov. Asiat. ii. 10, t. 2. P. nepalensis, Herb. Ham. et. Hort.
;

Temperate Himalaya from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 2500-8000 ft. (sometimes culKhasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft. Ava, Wallich. Distrib. Yunan.
A deciduous tree, in a young state like a Cratcegus with 3 lobed and doubly
sharply serrated leaves glabrous or woolly beneath, and often spinescent branches
branches dark, woody. Leaves 2-4 in., acuminate, sometimes caudate, glabrous and

tivated, Brandis).

black

when dry

petiole slender, half the length of the blade.

Inflorescence very vacorymbose with a very short peduncle and woolly, but the peduncle
sometimes very thin, or is all but absent when the flowers are fascicled or umbelled
pedicels \-1 in., slender in flower, stout in fruit.
Calyx-lobes
Flowers 1 in. diam.
;

riable, usually

ovate,

acute, usually very woolly, especially externally.

Petals orbicular-obovate.

Stamens about 30. Styles 3-5, quite free, more or less woolly at the base.
Fruit
very variable in size, f-1^ in. diam., dark yellow- brown, scurfy, covered with raised
white spots, austere, eatable when decaying. A very variable plant, especially in the
inflorescence
I was inclined to suppose that Khasia specimens with acutely serrated
leaves and longer pedicels were different specifically, but I suspect the leaves were
from young trees, and there is every gradation of pedicel from -2 in.

P. kumaoni, Dw.

Jard. Fruit, under Pirus Pashia; leaves ovate

or acuminate crenulate, glabrous, base acute or
rounded, cymes corymbose glabrous, calyx-lobes broad rounded glabrous except
the woolly margins, fruit globose warted.
6.

or ovate-lanceolate acute

Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kttmaon,

alt.

5-8000

ft, Boyle, Strach.

Winterbottom, &c.

Very similar in foliage to P. Pashia but at once distinguishable by the more glabrous corymbs and broad rounded calyx-lobes.
7. P. Jacquemontiana, Bene. Jard. Fruit. (Pirus) t. 8 ; leaves ovate
or oblong-lanceolate acute crenulate glabrous, base rounded, corymbs laxly tomentose, lobes tomentose above, young fruit glabrate.

Pyrus.']

rosacea.

li.

Punjab in woods by mountain

I know this only by the above

(J.

D. Hooker.)

375

torrents, Jacquemont.

characters given by its author, who says that it

resembles P. Pashia, but is easily recognised by its smooth young fruit; he
however does not speak positively of its being a distinct species. The form of the
calyx-lobes is not stated.

much

Aria.

Leaves simple, entire or margin lobulate.

Calyx-lobes
Fruit pyriform or globose crowned
styles 2-5.
with the calyx-lobes, flesh granular, endocarp membranous.
Sect. III.

persistent.

Ovary 2-5-celled,

8. P. lanata, Don Prodr. 237 ; leaves broadly oblong margins lobulate

lobules serrulate woolly beneath, corymbs densely woolly, petals glabrous
within, styles 2-3 woolly all over.
P. kumaonensis, Wall. Cat. 678. P.
Aria, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. 8f Thorns. ; Brandts For. Fl. 206 (excl. syn. P.
vestita).
P. Aria var. kumaonensis, Maxim. Diagn. Dec. xv. 173. Sorbus
lanata, Wenzig in Linmsa, 1874, 61.

Eastern temperate Himalaya; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 8-10,000 ft.

A middle sized tree, with the young parts densely woolly bark of branches
smooth, dark brown, shining. Leaves 5-8 by 2-4 in., acute, glabrous above when
old, except often the midrib
lobules of leaf with many serratures base acute or
rounded; nerves 8-12, nearly straight; petiole -f in. Corymbs short, 2-5 in. broad,
terminal and subterminal, much branched. Flowers shortly pedicelled, ^ in. diam.,
white.
Calyx turbinate lobes short, ovate, acute. Petals narrowly obovate, narrowed into naked claw. Stamens 20. Styles 2-3, densely woolly. Fruit very few
in a corymb, or solitary, {-1% in. diam., globose and 2-3-seeded, or smaller pyriform
and 1-2-seeded. This differs from P. Aria in the lobulate leaves (like those of P.
latifolia, Poir.) with regularly serrulate lobes, much larger flowers and fewer very
large fruits, the latter of which are very variable in size and shape according to
the number of seeds ripened. I have not cited Aria kumaonensis, Dene., or A. lanata,
Dene. (Mem. Fam. Pom. 162, 163) under this or the following, the species being so
much confounded ; one of them is the Sorbus nepalensis of gardens and Cratcegus (Aria)
cuspidata, Spach. (Suite Buff. ii. 106).
;

9. P. vestita, Wall. Cat. 679

leaves elliptic acute not or obscurely lobulate serrulate very shortly petioled most densely woolly beneath and on both
surfaces when young, corymbs densely woolly, petals woolly within, styles 3-5
woolly at the base only. P. crenata, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1655, not of Don
Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 60.
;

from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft.

closely allied to P. la,nata, but distinguished by the more elliptic and
more woolly leaves with rarely marginal lobules, and more numerous nerves. The
shorter broader petals woolly within and the styles glabrous except at the very base,

Temperate Himalaya

A tree very

are excellent characters. The figure in the Botanical Eegister if intended for this, is
a very bad one in respect of its representing slender petioles and a want of woolly
clothing.
I do not understand why Lindley identifies it with Don's P. crenata, the
leaves being serrate and not crenate, and the corymbs compound.
Very old leaves
have the tomentum on the leaves beneath appressed, polished and silvery.
Var. khasiana ; leaves smaller, narrower, very membranous. P. Aria, L. ? Hook,
f. $ T. Herb. Ind. Or.Khasia, alt. 5-6000 ft.
'

Sect. IV.
celled.

Sorbus.

Styles 2-5, free.

'

Ovary 2-4Leaves pinnate.

Calyx-lobes persistent.
Fruit globose crowned with the persistent calyx ;

endocarp membranous or coriaceous.

10.

P. Aucuparia,

white woolly down,

ii. 100; glabrous or with

7-12 pair linear-oblong obtuse and apiculate or

Gce?-tn.; Ledeb. Fl. Boss.

leaflets


376

li.

rosace je.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

\Pyrus.

oblong lanceolate and acuminate sharply serrate green beneath, petals orbicular.
P. ursina, Herb. Strach. fy Wint. No. 5.
Sorbus Aucuparia, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl.
Orient,

ii.

657.

Western temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 11,500-13,000 ft.

Distrib. Turkestan and from the Caucasus westward to the Atlantic, and from Siberia
to N. China and Japan.
A small tree, young parts with white cottony tomentum which sometimes persists
on the petioles and inflorescence. Leaves 4-8 in. leaflets f-l in., entire towards
Corymbs usually quite glabrous. Flowers ^-^ in. diam., pedicels
the rounded base.
short.
Calyx glabrous, lobes broad short rounded or subacute. Petals white, orbicu;

Fruit globose, |- in. diam., red.

Styles 2-5, quite free, woolly at the base.
Strachey and Winterbottom's specimens have a fine glaucous bloom on the fruit which
appears to hare been blue like those of P. foliolosa, but the specimens want the rusty
tomentum of that species.
lar.

11. P. foliolosa, Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 81, t. 189 ; Cat. 667, in part
pubescence on leaves beneath petioles and inflorescence rusty brown, leaflets
10-15 pair linear-oblong acute or obtuse apiculate sharply serrate pale brown
when dry beneath, petals orbicular-obovate, style very short.
P. ursina,
Wall. Cat. 675 Brandis For. Fl. 206. Sorbus ursina and foliosa (error for
foliolosa), Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 159.
S. ursina, Wenzig in Linntea, 1874,
;

75.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kunawur to Sikkim, alt. 9-12,000 ft.

Very near P. Aucuparia, but a more rubust plant with red-brown tomentum on
the petioles inflorescence and midribs of the leaves beneath, at length glabrate the
flowers also are smaller, more densely crowded, with linear bracts intermixed, and have
much stouter peduncles and pedicels.
Fruit small, bluish-red, ovoid, globose or
turbinate.
Styles usually 5.
The flowers in Sikkim specimens are greenish white
and rather foetid, but Gen. Munro sends a specimen from Kunawur with red flowers.
Wallich describes the fruit as red. There are two specimens under this name and
number in Wallich's Herbarium, one with the lithographed ticket 677 attached has
also a MSS. label stating it to have been procured from Gossain Than (a locality in
Nepal which Wallich did not himself visit) the other specimen has a similar MSS.
ticket stating it to be found at Sheopore by himself; on both tickets he has written
an ab. ursina, Wall, distincta ?
Of these the first in no way differs from his three
;

'

'

sheets of P. ursina (Cat. 675); whilst the second is a totally different plant, viz. P.
Wallickii, mihi.
The description in Wallich's Plant. As. Ear.' is that of his
foliolosa (and ursina) except in that he describes the tomentum of the young plant
as white, whereas it is rusty-red, as he says it is on the fully dsveloped leaves &c.
As the ursina of Wallich's Catalogue and Herbarium is the foliolosa of his Plant.
As. Rar., the latter name must replace the former.
'

12. P. microphylla, Wall. Cat. 676

nearly glabrous, slender, leaflets
10-17 pair small linear-oblong acute deeply and acutely serrate, corymbs longpeduncled lax-flowered, petals small orbicular. Sorbus microphylla, Dene. Mem.
Fam. Pom. 159 Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 76.
;

Temperate Himalaya Sirmore, Webb

D. H., C. B. Clarke.
Possibly only a form (or young state
;

J.

(in Herb. Wall.)

Sikkim,

alt.

10-14,000

ft.,

?) of P. foliolosa or Aucuparia, but a very

slender subscandent plant with more deeply serrate leaflets, - in. long r
very slender flattened petioles, longer peduncles and pedicels and large bluish berries
and 5 styles. Wallich's specimens have no flowers, those of Sikkim ones are red, and
the globose fruit is white or pale blue. What pubescence is present resembles that of
P. foliolosa. It is remarkable that no one since Capt. Webb has found this in the

much more

Western Himalaya.
13.
leaflets

P. "Wallichii, Hook.
5-9 pair 1-2

in.

young parts clothed with white wool,

Jil. ;
linear-oblong acute or apiculate obscurely serrate

Pyrus.~\

rosacea.

li.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

377

tip, glaucous beneath, corymbs very tomentose compound, petals

broadly obovate. P. foliolosa, Wall. Cat. 677, in part. Sorbus foliosa, Wenzig
in Linncsa, 1874, 75, excl. synon.

towards the

Nepal, Wallich.
Sikkim, alt.
Central and Eastern temperate Himalaya;
ft., J. D. H., &c.
A small tree, young parts densely woolly, old glabrate except the corymb. Leaves
4-6 in leaflets coriaceous, sometimes perfectly entire, base very unequal-sided, midCorymbs 2-3 in. diam. ; peduncle and pedicels
rib stout nerves numerous, slender.
Flowers ^-| in. diam., white. Styles 3, glabrous. Fruit (unripe) very small,
stout.
ovoid, in. diam.
very distinct species.

6500-9000
;

14. P. insignia, Hook. f. j very robust, leaflets 4-6 pair 3-4 in. linearoblong acutely obscurely crenulate very coriaceous glaucous beneath, fruiting
corymbs excessively compound, branches very stout.
alt. 8-11,000 ft., J. D. H. C. B. Clarke.
small very robust tree branchlets nearly as thick as the little finger, bud-scales
young parts clothed with long rather silky rusty brown
rigid, chestnut-brown, shining
wool, old glabrous. Leaves 6-10 in.; leaflets soon glabrate, apiculate in the sinus
between the obscure crenatures, which are incurved in old leaflets, pale and rather
glaucous beneath base unequal-sided young petioles densely silky. Flowering corymbs appearing with the young leaves, densely rufously woolly, with stout peduncle
and branches.
Flowers crowded, \ in. diam. bracts linear.
Calyx obconic, short,
Fruiting corymbs branched from the base, 6 in.
teeth triangular.
Styles 3, glabrous.
long and as broad branches covered with oblong white spots, pedicels short stout.
Fruit globose or broadly ovoid, 3 -celled, ^ in. diam. (when dry).

Sikkim Himalaya,

Leaves simple.
Sect. V. Micromeles (Dene. Gen.).
Calyx-ldbss
deciduous.
Ovary 2-3-celled styles 2-3, free or united. Fruit globose, um;

bonate

endocarp membranous or coriaceous.

* Leaves shortly petioled, narrowed to both ends

nearly straight, very prominent.

15.

5-9

in.

P.

G-riffithii, Bene.

young woolly beneath

nei-ves

Mem. Fam. Pom. 170

elliptic

flowered densely woolly, fruit small.

Linncsa, 1874, 59.

very oblique close set

(Micromeles) leaves
acuminate serrulate, corymbs very manyP. sikkimensis y. microcarpa, Wenzig in
;

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 6-9000 ft., J. D. H., C. B. Clarke. Bhotan, Griffith.

A tree, with stout branches young twigs and leaves covered beneath with a soft
cottony wool that is deciduous in flakes. Leaves coriaceous, opaque above, paler beneath nerves 12-15 pair, slightly curved; petiole \ in., stout, channelled. Ccrymb
5-6 in. diam., branched from the base, most densely woolly. Flowers | in. diam.,
Petals obwhite.
Calyx-tube obconic, woolly lobes ovate, membranous, subacute.
Stamens long. Disk tumid, 10-lobed, woolly. Styles 2, slender,
ovate, glabrous.
glabrous.
Fruit size of a pea, 1-2-celled, cells 2-seeded. Seeds plano-convex. Very
similar to Pyrus vestita.
;

16. P. rhamnoides, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 169 in part (Micromeles) ;

leaves 3-5 in. very young hairy beneath elliptic acuminate serrulate, petiole
short slender, corymbs tomentose many-flowered, fruit small not spotted 2-celled.
Photinia polyneura, King in Herb. Calc.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 7-9000 ft., J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

tree, very young branches and leaves tomentose and hairy, soon glabrous.
Leaves coriaceous, very variable in breadth, |-2 in.; nerves 12-14 pair, very prominent beneath, slightly curved; petiole ^-f in. Corymbs branched from the base,


378

li.

ROSACEA.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Pyrus.

pubescent in flowers, glabrous in fruit.

Flowers in. diam., white; pedicels slender.
Calyx-tube obconic, hairy lobes triangular.
Petals broadly oblong, glabrous.
Stamens long. Disk tumid, 10-lobed, puberulous. Styles 2, slender, united below the
middle or free, glabrous. Fruit \ in. diam., smooth, endocarp thin ; cells 2-seeded.
Seeds plano-convex.
;

** Leaves more or

ovate (rarely obovate), petiole slender.

or flat not lobed.

less

umbo of the fruit tumid

Disk in the

17. P. khasiana, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 169 in part (Micromeles) ;

leaves 4 in. elliptic-obovate rather suddenly acuminate serrate, nerves very oblique nearly straight, fruit \ in. diam. spotted 4-celled.

Khasia Mts

at

Nungbree wood, alt. 5000 ft., Griffith.

in foliage more like P. rhamnoides than any of the following

A tolerably large tree,

many nearly straight nerves. The only specimens (Griffith, 2078,

1044 of Posth. Papers, ii. 67) are in old leaf and fruit, which latter Griffith describes
as of the size of a cherry; it is constantly 4-celled the endocarp thick and coriaceous
the cells narrow 1 -seeded, the pulp granular, and is 4-angled when dry and has a
narrow depressed umbo with a conical centre.
species, having

18. P. granulosa, Bertol. Plant. Nuov. Asiat. ii. 10, t. 3 ; leaves ovatelanceolate long-acuminate serrate, base rounded or acute, nerves 8-10 pair
spreading arched, fruits few in a corymb ^-f in. diam. spotted 4-celled. P.
sikkimensis, Wenzig in Llnncea, 1874, 58, in part; Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm.
P. Karensium, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soc, 1872, ii. 306 ; 1873, ii.
i. 442.

232.

Khasia Mts. Griffith near Churra, Myrung and Mamloo,

Martaban, alt. 7000 ft., Kurz.
;

alt.

4-6000

ft.,

J.

D. H.

T. T.

A shrub or small tree, in a fruiting state perfectly glabrous, branches with oblong
white lenti eels. Leaves 4-5 in., stiff; nerves prominent beneath; petiole 1-1 \ in.
Fruiting corymb with smooth branches. Fruit with the flesh of large granules, endocarp thickly coriaceous, cells narrow umbo small depressed with a small conical
centre.
Differs from P. khasiana in the ovate leaves with arching nerves.
;

19.

P. polycarpa, Hook.

f.

quite glabrous, leaves

ovate-lanceolate

long-acuminate serrate, base rounded or acute, nerves 6-8 pair spreading arched,
corymbs effuse perfectly glabrous, fruit in. unspotted. Pyrus, b. Herb. Ind.

Khasia Mts.,

5-6000 ft., Griffith, Simons, &c.

remarkably similar to that of P. granulosa, but the nerves
fewer, and at once distinguished by the very small unspotted fruit, with only 2 cells
both broad, and small seeds with thick plano-convex cotyledons.
The only flowering specimen I have is from M. Simons, in it the corymb is much branched, perfectly glabrous, and smooth, somewhat warted in fruit.
Flowers in. diam. pedicel
slender.
Calyx-tube rather pyriform limb expanded
lobes triangular-ovate. Petals nearly orbicular, glabrous, concave.
Disk inconspicuous, glabrous. Stamens

A small tree,

alt

foliage

long, slender.

in.,

umbo

Styles 2, united to the middle, quite glabrous.

large for its size, depressed with a conical centre.

Fruit rather ovoid,

20. P. cuspidata, Bertol. Plant. Nuov. Asiat. ii. 9, t. 1 : young parts

flocculent, leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate long-petioled caudate-acuminate serrate,

nerves 10-12 spreading arched, corymbs contracted densely warted when in

fruit, fruit small not spotted 2- very rarely 3 -celled.
Micromeles verrucosa,
Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 169. Rosacearum ? frutex, Broicn in Wall. Cat. 7467.

Khasia Mts.,

A large tree,

alt. 4-5000 ft., Wallich, &c.

with pale foliage branchlets stout, studded with oblong lenticels
;

;;

Fynis.]

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

379

twigs mid young parts clothed with a flocculent cotton that falls away in white flakes.
Leaves 3-4 in., rather membranous, pale green, not shining, point very long, coarsely
Corymb more rounded than in
serrate, base acufte or rounded petiole very slender.
when old
its allies, white and tomentose when young, more rusty or glabrous
branches rather short covered when fruiting with raised lenticels. Flowers \ in.
limb expanded, glabrous within,
diam. ; pedicels slender.
Calyx-tube pyriform
Stateeth triangular, acute.
Petals obovate, woolly within in bud, claw pubescent.
mens slender. Disk glabrous, inconspicuous. Styles 2, very slender, united below
i
the middle, glabrous.
Fruit in. diam., rather pyriform, crown tubular its own
diameter, with a deep depression and conical centre.
;

21. P. ferrug-inea, Hook. f.

branchlets leaves beneath and corymbs
densely clothed with rusty wool, leaves very shortly petioled broadly elliptic
suddenly acuminate serrulate, corymbs few-flowered, styles 3. Sorbus sikkimensis var. ferruginea, Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 60.
;

Bhotan,

Griffith.

Branchlets with few lenticels. Leaves 2^-3 in., lower half or one-third quite entire, upper surface sparsely pubescent or glabrate
nerves 6-8 pair, spreading and
arching; petiole \ in., densely woolly.
Corymbs densely woolly, of few primary subumbellate branches A- f in., which are twice or thrice divided into erect stout pedicels.
Flowers \ in. diam.
Calyx-tube pyriform lobes short, triangular, acute, very
deciduous.
Petals obovate, woolly on the face and claw.
Stamens slender. Disk
not raised.
Styles usually 3, glabrous, united to the middle ; ovules inserted in the
middle of the axis.
;

22.

P. Thomsoni, King MSS.

glabrous, leaves very shortly petioled,

acuminate serrate above the middle, corymbs
diam.
;

elliptic-lanceolate or -oblanceolate

glabrous, styles 2-4, fruit f in.

Sikkim Himalaya,

alt. 8-10,000 ft., J". D. H., C. B. Clarke.

branches glabrous, sparingly lenticellate. Leaves 3 in., brown when
dry, apparently glabrous at all stages base acute, rarely rounded or obtuse nerves
8-12 pair, spreading and arched petiole ^-i in. Corymb of few primary subumbellate erect main branches, 1 in. long, di-trichotomously forked.
Flowers in. diam.
pedicels slender.
Calyx-tube pyriform limb expanded
teeth ovate, obtuse. Petals
obovate, claw woolly.
Stamen stout. Styles stout, united at the middle or base,
glabrous ovules attached in the middle of the axis. Fruit with few white spots,
crown sunk. Seeds tumid. Young flowering specimens of this were distributed as
Photinia arguta, Wall., var. ?, and are cited by Decaisne under his Micromeles verrucosa (Pyrus cuspidata, Bertol.) from which it differs in the glabrous narrow leaves
with short petioles serrated only beyond the middle.

A large tree;

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

P. (Malus) Sieversii, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. ii. 222.

Soongarian species, closely allied
to P. baccata, differing in being branched from the base, is enumerated by Decaisne
(Mem. Fam. Pirus) as having been found in Kashmir by Jacquemont.
" leaves oblong or
P. (Mickomeles) castaneifolia, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 169
oblong-lanceolate acuminate base obtuse acutely serrate glabrous, petiole rather long
slender, peduncle and pedicels floccose when young, fruit small.
Sorbus sikkimensis,
Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 58." Eastern Bengal, Griffith,~No. 2077-1. I cannot iden;

tify this.

P. (Sorbus) sikkimensis, Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 58; evidently includes more

than one species from Sikkim and the Khasia Mts. Thus, var. a., the Sikkim plant
included under this variety, I cannot recognise by the description, though it is of a plant
stated to be found by myself; the Khasia one includes P. granulosa and verrucosa.
Var. )8. oblongifolia, this I do not recognise though it professes to be a Sikkim discovery of mine. Var. y. microcarpa, a Sikkim plant, is I suppose P. Griffithii, to which


380

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

I;

\JPyrus.

Wenzig doubtfully (and erroneously) refers P. Nussia, Don. Var. 5. ferruginea is P.

ferruginea.
P. crenata. Don, Prodr. 237 ; "leaves long-petioled ovate acute crenate glabrous
above, young beneath and branchlets white-tomentose, corymbs simply woolly, calyxlobes ovate acute.
Suemba in Upper Nepal, Hamilton. Obs. P. Pollveria differs in
the shorter broader serrate not crenate leaves and in the more numerous flowers."
do not recognise the above. Can it be the common pear ?

21.

PHOTINIA,

Lindl.

Evergreen small trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, quite entire or serrulate

Flowers small, corymbose, white. Calyx-tube obstipules subulate, deciduous.
Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in
conic ; limb 5-cleft ; lobes short, persistent.
bud, orbicular or obovate, claw glabrous or woolly. Stamens 20 or more.
Ovary with a conical pubescent or woolly crown, 2- rarely 3-celled styles 2,
;

rarely 3, free, or combined at the base, short ; ovules 2, collateral, nearly basal
Fruit small, globose or ovoid, 1-2-seeded ; flesh rather
in each cell, ascending.
hard ; endocarp crustaceous or membranous. Seeds obovoid, triquetrous or comDistrib. Eastern tropical
pressed, nearly as long as the fruit, testa coriaceous.
and subtropical Asia j species 7 or 8.

quite glabrous, leaves

8r Am. Prodr. 302
oblong or ovate acute crenulate or entire base rounded, nerves 13-15
pair faint, petiole long stout, flowers ^ in. diam., claw of petal villous, fruit turWight Ic. t. 228 Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 141. P. Nobinate or subglobose.
toniana, Wall. Cat. 671, not of Wight 8f Am.
P serrulata, Lindl. y. Wenzig in
Linncda, 1874, 94.

P. Lindleyana, Wight

1.

elliptic

Nilghirri Hills, Noton, Wight, &c.

A small tree ? everywhere glabrous except the crown of the ovary and claw of the
branches stout. Leaves 3-6 in., very thickly coriaceous, not shining on either
petals
Corymbs 3-5 in.
surface, flat; nerves nearly horizontal petiole 1| 2 in., cylindric.
Flowers | in. diam., pedidiam., much branched from the base, branches stout.
Calyx-lobes rounded. Petals orbicular-obovate, claw discelled
bracts subulate.
endocarp
Styles 2, very stout, short.
Fruit in. long, smooth, glaucous
tinct.
crustaceous.
"Wallich's P. Notoniana is only a form of Lindleyana, with the crenatures few and confined to near the top of the leaf.
;

P. Notoniana, Wight $ Am.

Prodr. 302 {not of Wall. Cat.) leaves

oblong or lanceolate acuminate quite entire base acute or rounded,
nerves very many and slender, petiole long (1-1^ in.), corymbs pubescent or
glabrous, flowers in. diam., fruit globose.
Wight Lc. 991 III. t. 86 ; Dene.
Mem. Fam. Pom. 141 Bedd. Fl, Sylv. t. 192. P. Blumei, Dene. I. c. 142.
Eriobotrya integrifolia, Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 442.
2.

elliptic ovate

Nilghirri and Pulney Mts., Wight, &c. Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000
taban, alt. 7-7200 ft., Kurz. Ceylon; Central province, alt. 6-7000 ft.

ft.

Mar-

Distrib.

Java.

A small tree,

glabrous except the inflorescence, which is finely pubescent. Leaves

very variable, sometimes caudate-acuminate, thickly coriaceous, the numerous
nerves very delicate, hardly shining above; petiole f-2 in., flat or grooved above.
Corymb excessively branched, 3-10 in. diam. branches slender in flower stout in
fruit.
Calyx-lobes rounded.
Flowers pedicelled, white.
Petals orbicular, claw glabrous or slightly villous. Fruit \ in. diam., blue, glaucous endocarp membranous.
Seeds compressed, radicular end incurved.
I refer Kurz's plant here on the authority
of his citation of Beddome he describes the leaves as sometimes cuneate-oblong and
with a few inconspicuous teeth.

2^-6

in.,


li.

JPhotiuia.']

rosaceje.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

381

Var. ceylanica leaves sometimes orbicular, inflorescence quite glabrous. Ceylon,

6-7000 ft. Distbib. Java. Javanese specimens have sometimes crenate leaves.
Var. eugenifolia leaves from narrow lanceolate to broadly oblong, corymbs hoary
with white pubescence. P. eugenifolia, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. sub. t. 1956 Wall. Cat.
Khasia Mts.
P. micrantha, Bene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 143.
670, in part.
leaves 7-9 in. ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, petiole
Var. maerophylla
l-2 in., corymbs quite glabrous. Khasia Mts.
;

alt.

3. P. integrifolia, Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 103 ; quite glabrous,

leaves oblanceolate acuminate quite entire narrowed into the short (- in.)
Wall. Cat.
petiole, corymbs large spreading, flowers in. diam., fruit globose.
669 ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under tab. 1956. Pyrus integerrima, Don Prodr.

237.
Central and Eastern Himalaya from Nepal, Wallich, and Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft.
Khasia Mts. alt. 3-4000 ft.
to Bhotan, Griffith.
I have great difficulty in distinguishing this from P. Notoniana (in the Khasia
best
character is the very short petiole and uniformly oblanceolate
Mts. especially), its
smaller leaves 3-5 in. long. In the Himalaya it is very constant in its characters,
but in the Khasia Mts. it comes very near small states of Notoniana, var. macrophylla.
Hence though no foliage of allied plants can be more unlike in form than the ordinary
states of this plant present, I am in doubt as to their specific differences.
P. integrifolia, Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 387), from Java, appears to be the same plant.
The styles are almost invariably two, but three are said, to occur. The crown of the
ovary is woolly, but of the fruit glabrous.
;

branchlets midrib be4. P. Griffith!!, Bene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 142

neath petiole and inflorescence woolly, leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate serrulate near the tip, nerves very slender, petiole 1-2 in., flowers in. diam.
Pomarc. Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat. iii. t. 573 {bad) ; Posth. Papers, ii. 178, No. 921.
;

Bhotan Himalaya,

at Trelagong, Griffith.

branchlets rather slender, woolly, pubescence whitish.

Leaves
5-7 by 1^-2^ in., much more membranous than in any preceding species, very finely
rather
shining
on
both
surfaces;
minute,
nerves
arched,
25-30
acuminate, serratures
Flowers shortly pedicelled. Calyx-lobes
Corymbs ample.
pair ; petiole cylindric.
rounded. Petals obovate claw woolly. Styles 2-3, woolly and connate below. Ovary
with a densely woolly crown. Griffith describes the calyx-lobes and petals as 5 or 6.
large

tree;

5. P. mollis, Hooh.f. ; branchlets leavesbeneath short petiole and inflorescence clothed with white wool, leaves very membranous elliptic or lanceolate
acuminate serrulate base acute, corymbs rounded many-flowered, flowers in.
diam., styles 2-3 glabrous united at the base.

Sikkim Himalaya, at a low

elevation, J. B. H., Gamble.

Branches slender, glabrous, with red brown bark and small lenbranchlets and other woolly parts white. Leaves 4-5 in., pale when dry, very
ticels
membranous, serratures fewer and smaller towards the base, rather suddenly acumiCorymbs 2 in. diam., shortly
nate nerves 6-10 pair, spreading, arched, very slender.
peduncled, branches spreading, rather lax-flowered. Flowers white, pedicelled bracts
Calyx woolly
minute, linear, caducous, membranous.
tube hemispheric; lobes
Petals orbicular, retuse claw very short, glabrous.
Stamens not long,
rounded.
Bisk not thickened, woolly at the base. Styles slender stigma 2-lobed.
slender.
Fruit | in. long, ovoid, crowned with the persistent calyx endocarp thinly crustaceSeeds nearly as long as the fruit.
ous, septum membranous.

Tree 20-30

ft.

382

rosacea.

li.

22.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[PourtMcea.

POURTHIJEA,7)ch.
r

woolly

when young.

Leaves simple, creFlowei*s small, white, in fewCalyx-tube obconic ;

flowered corymbs, with warted fruit-bearing branchlets.
Petals 5, contorted, obovate, oblique and notched, claw glabrous.
lobes 5, acute.
Ovary 2-3-celled ; styles 2-3, connate high up,
Sta?nens 20, filaments slender.
stigma capitate 2-fid ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, basal, ascending. Fruit
small, globose or ovoid, 1-2-seeded, flesh granular; endocarp membranous.
Seeds ellipsoid, plano-convex ; testa thickly coriaceous with reticulated grooves
on the convex side ; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle curved, short, exDistrib. Himalaya, China, Oorea, Japan.
serted.

Shrubs or small

nate, persistent

trees, glabrous or

minute, subulate.

stipules

P, arg-uta, Bene. Mem. Fam. Pom.

1.

672 Lindl. Bot. Reg. wider 1956

synonym.
Cat.

147.

Photinia

arguta,

Wenzig in Linncea, 1874, 90,

Wall.
excl.

3-5000 ft., abundant. Birma, Griffith. Foot of the Sikkim

Hookeri only).
I can distinguish but one Indian species of this very abundant Khasian bush,
which occurs all over the range all have white-woolly young leaves and inflorescence,
which is thrown off with age, the fruit varies much in size.
Var. 1. Wallichii; leaves 1^-2 in. coriaceous ovate- lanceolate acuminate quite
glabrous in age, nerves 8-10 pair, corymbs subsessile few-flowered sometimes almost
P. arguta, Dene. I. c.
capitate, fruit \ in. diam. globose.
Var. 2. Hookeri leaves 3-4 in. coriaceous oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate,
P. Hookeri, Bene. I. c.
petiole longer, corymbs 2-3 in;, long, fruit | in. diam. globose.
Sikkim and Khasia.
148.
Var. 3. salicifolia leaves 4-5 in. coriaceous narrowly lanceolate caudate -acuminate more persistently woolly beneath, corymb effuse, flowers larger. P. salicifolia,
Dene. I. c. 148.
Var. 4. membranacea leaves 2-3 in. very membranous ovate-lanceolate acuminate or caudate-acuminate, corymbs of few long branches floriferous at the tip. Khasia,
This is no doubt a lax form growing in woods.
Griffith (no number).
Var. 5. latifolia leaves 4-5 by 1^-2^ in. rather coriaceous oblong or oblonglanceolate acuminate more persistently woolly beneath, serratures smaller, corymbs
Hookhoom valley, Birma,
umbelliform, branches 1| in., flowers longer pedicelled.

Khasia Mts.,
Gamble

Terai,

alt.

(var.

Griffith.

Var. 6. parvifolia leaves l^-2 in. coriaceous narrowly lanceolate acuminate,

corymbs contracted, fruit in. rather ovoid. Khasia Mts. at Jowai, C. B. Clarke.
;

23.

STRANV2ESIA,

Lindl.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen, quite entire or serrulate ;

Floivers small, white, in compound many-flowered corymbs.
stipules subulate.
Petals 5, obovate, usually
Calyx-tube small, obovoid ; limb dilated, 5-toothed.
Stamens 20. Ovary 5-celled ; styles
contorted in bud, claw naked or bearded.
5 connate high up ; stigma capitate 2-fid ; ovules 2 in each cell, basal, collaFruit globose, rather fleshy, 5-celled endocarp crustaceous,
teral, ascending.
dehiscing loculicidally cells 1-seeded. Seeds ovoid, plano-convex testa coriaDistrib. Himalaya and China
ceous, mucilaginous ; embryo plano-convex.
;

species

3 or

4.

S. glaucescens,

Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t. 1956; leaves obovate oblan1.

ceolate or narrowly lanceolate acuminate or obtuse and apiculate entire or serruBrand. For. Fl. 210 ; Wenzig
late quite glabrous, calyx and pedicels woolly.

Stranvcesia.']

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

383

S. glaucescens and S. Nussia, Dene. Mem.

in Linncea, 1874, 204.
Pyrus Nussia, Ham. in
Crataegus glauca, Wall. Cat. 673.
178.
Ootoneaster affinis, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 658.
237.

Western and Central Himalaya

alt. 4-5000 ft.

Kttmaon,

alt.

3-7500

ft.

Fam. Pom.

Don

Prod?\

Nipal, Wallich. Khasia

Mts.,

A small leafy evergreen tree, very variable in foliage, young parts tomentose in a
very early state. Leaves in Western specimens often 6 in. long and 2-2^ broad, more
obovate than is usual in the Eastern, hardly shining above, paler beneath in Khasian
specimens the leaves are sometimes 4 by ^- in., long-acuminate and curved (var. annerves very slender petiole
gustifolia, Dene.), always narrowing into the petiole
|| in. Corymbs 2-4 in. broad branches slender, hairy or glabrate. Flowers pediCalyx woolly; lobes acute, persistent. Petals
ce lied, in. diam., pedicels woolly.
Ovary small crown hardly raised, hairy.
spreading, usually notched, not oblique.
Fruit | in. diam., orange yellow, crowned with the inStyle-colViXtm woolly below.
curved calyx-teeth flesh thin crown of the crustaceous carpels exserted, glabrous.
;

24.

CRATAEGUS,

Linn.

Shrubs or small trees, often spiny. Leaves simple lobed or pinnatifid ; stiFlowers in terminal corymbose cymes, white or red ; bracts
pules deciduous.
Calyx-tube urceolate or campanulate ; mouth contracted ; lobes 5,
caducous.
Petals 5, inserted at the mouth of the calyx, imbricate
persistent or deciduous.
Stamens many. Carpels 1-5, adnate to the calyx-tube ; styles 1-5 ;
in bud.
stigma truncate ; ovules 2 in each cell, ascending. Fruit ovoid or globose,
with a bony 1-5-celled stone, or with 1-5 bony 1- rarely 2-seeded stones. Distrib. N. temp, regions, chiefly American, extending south into New Granada
species about 50.

1. C. Oxyacantha, Linn. ; Ledeb. Fl. Boss, ii. 88 ; leaves cimeate or

triangular-ovate with a cimeate base pinnatifidly 3-5-lobed rarely pinnate sinus
acute, lobes sharply toothed towards the tip, fruit glabrous ovoid, carpels 1-3
wholly adnate to the calyx-tube. Brandis Far. Fl. 207. C. ribesius, Bertol.
(Hawthorn).
Miscel. Pot. xxii. 14, t. 2.

Western temperate Himalaya, from Mttrree to Kishtwar, alt. 6-9000 ft. Dis
and westward to the Atlantic, W. Siberia.
A small tree, 20-30 ft., trunk short, branches spinescent young shoots and
leaves beneath and inflorescence sparsely softly pubescent or glabrate. Leaves 1-2 in.

teib. Affghanistan

stipules leafy, upper usually falcate, serrate, lower larger orpetiole very slender
Flowers % in. diam., white, odorous.
Corymbs many-flowered.
bicular and cut.
Petals orbicular.
Styles 1 or 2, slender, glabrous.
Carpels
Calyx-lobes subacute.
adnate by their whole length to the calyx-tube, tips pubescent. Fruit scarlet, flesh
Boissier regards
scanty ; endocarp of 2-3 bony pyrenes more or less firmly united.
the Himalayan plant as C. monogyna (itself a var. of Oxyacantha) but there are commonly 2 and often 3 styles and carpels.
;

C. Clarkei, Hooh.f.

softly tomentose, leaves oblong pinnate or pinbase cuneate or truncate, segments oblong toothed at the broad tip, fruit
pubescent globose, carpels 5, free above.
2.

natifid,

Kashmir, at Hirpoor, alt. 8000 ft., Thomson, C. B. Clarke.

Pubescence soft, white, spreading. Leaves 2-4 in., opaque above, lower segments
often free obovate and spreading, tips rounded or acute petiole slender stipules
very large, semicircular and falcate, toothed, Flowers apparently smaller than
in C. Oxyacantha and fewer in the corymb, which is clothed with spreading hairs.
;

Calyx-lobes persistent, obtuse.

Petals (from fruiting specimen) orbicular-obovate.

384

rosacea.

lj.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Oratcegus.

Styles inserted ventrally, free.

Carpels free for nearly of the upper part from
one another and the calyx-tube. Fruit green, 5-lobed when dry, in. diam.,
crowned by the reflexed calyx-lobes pyrenes separable, free above, faces rough. The
structure of the ovary and fruit is essentially the same as in the following species, but

the tops of the pyrenes are not so

much

protruded.

3. G.
crenulata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 509 ; glabrous,
leaves linear-oblong or obovate crenulate obtuse very coriaceous, fruit globose,
Wall. Cat. 674 ; Lindl. in Bat. Reg. xxx. t. 52. 0. Pyrcarpels 5 free above.
Pyraacantha, Brandts For. Fl. 208. Mespilus crenulata, Don Prodr. 238.
cantha crenulata, Roem. ; Dene. Mem. Fain. Pom. 171.

Temperate Himalaya in dry places from the Sirmor to Bhotan (exclusive of

Sikkim), alt. 2500-8000 ft.
A large woody rigid spinescent shrub. Leaves crowded on short lateral branchnerves indistinct. Corymbs
lets, 1-2 in., shining, narrowed into the very short petiole
branches slender.
Flowers \-\ in.
short, many-flowered, glabrous or puberulous
Calyx-tube hemispheric lobes obtuse. Petals orbidiam., white pedicels slender.
Styles 5, inserted ventrally.
Carpels 5, free for of their
cular, claw very short.
upper part from one another and the calyx-tube. Fruit globose, orange-red, crowned
with the erect calyx-lobes ; pyrenes separable, faces polished, upper free and protruded between the calyx-lobes. Differs from the European C. Pyracantha in the
obtuse leaves and smaller flowers and fruit.
;

25.

COTONEASTEB,Zm.

Shrubs or small trees.

Leaves quite entire, coriaceous, usually very downy
beneath ; stipules setaceous, deciduous. Flowers small solitary or in axillary
or terminal cymes, white or pink, sometimes polygamous.
Calyx-tube turbinate
or campanulate lobes 5, short, persistent. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Stamens
Carpels 2-5, adnate wholly or by their
20, inserted at the mouth of the calyx.
backs only to the calyx-tube ; styles 2-5, free, stigma truncate ovules 2 in
each celr, erect, basal, geminate, raphe lateral. Fruit small, ovoid globose or
turbinate, with 2-5 bony 1-seeded stones.
Distrib. Europe, temp. Asia ; N.
;

Africa, Mexico

species 15.

genus distinguishable only by habit from Cratcegus.

variable

and

The

species are very

difficult of discrimination.

A. Leaves deciduous (subpersistent in nummularia and rotundifolia)

gins not recurved.
* Leaves

1-4

in.

mar-

Cymes usually branched and many-Jlowered.

1. C. bacillaris, Wall.
Lindl. in Bat, Reg. under t. 1229; a bush or
small tree, leaves l-3 in. oblong or obovate or oblong-lanceolate woolly or gla"brescent beneath acute or obtuse narrowed into the petiole, cymes short manyflowered puberulous, fruit dark brown globose. Brandis For. Fl. 208 ; Wall.
O. obtusa, Wall, in Bot. Reg. 1. c. ; Cat. 659, in part.
Cat. 660.
;

Temperate Himalaya, from Wazaristan, alt. 4-8000ft. ; Mtjrree and Kashmir,

4-10,000 ft. to Nepal, Sikkim? and Bhotan?. Salt, range, alt. 1500-2500 ft.
(Brandis%
A common and variable deciduous Himalayan shrub wood much used for walking
sticks, whence its specific name. Of Wallich's C. obtusa, I cannot distinguish three of
the specimens from bacillaris even as a variety; Lindley's character of "cymes congested and branchlets glabrous " in obtusa, and " cymes divaricate and branchlets
pilose " in bacillaris, do not distinguish Wallich's var.
The other specimens marked
alt.


Gotoneaster.]

li.

bosacejj.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

385

as obtusa are the C. affinis of Lindley and differ only in the tomentose under surface
of the leaves and corymbs, which in this respect present every intermediate with
bacillaris
its leaves are however often smaller rounder and sometimes rounded at the
base (C. rosea, Edgw.). I am somewhat doubtful of the Sikkim and Bhqtan plants here
referred to bacillaris. I do not remember a black or dark brown fruited large shrubby
species in Sikkim, and Griffith's Bhotan specimens are in flower only
one of these
has leaves under 1 in. long. The Sikkim specimens doubtfully referred here have the
leaves of affinis and a young shoot has them sometimes almost orbicular, rounded at
the base (as in rosea) and 2 in. diam. Except by the dark berries it is difficult to
distinguish var. affinis from C. frigida.
Var. affinis leaves beneath petioles young shoots and inflorescence more or less
woolly or tomentose.
Bot. Reg.
C. affinis, Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 101
under t. 1229. C. obtusa, Wall. Gat. 659, in part. C. rosea, Edgw. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xx. 46.
Mespilus affinis, Don Prodr. 238.
Var. parvifolia leaves ^-1 in. elliptic acute or obtuse, cymes short dense-flowered,
flowers smaller.
Bhotan, Griffith, alt. 7000 ft.
;

2. C. frigida, Wall. Cat. 657

a large bush or small tree, leaves 3-5 in.
oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute narrowed to the base young tomentose beneath,
cvmes very many-flowered woolly, fruit globose scarlet. Lindl. in Bot. Req.
t. 1229.
? 0. affinis, Hohen. Plant. Exsicc. Nilg. No. 1575.
0. nepalensis,
Hort.
;

Central

7-9000

and Eastern Himalaya;

D. H.

Nipal,

Wallich,

interior

of

Sikkim,

alt.

ft, J.

20 ft. high, or large bush, deciduous, similar in habit and foliage to C. babut with far more numerous flowers in a cyme and scarlet berries.
Hoheuacker's Nilgiri specimens, which I take to be frigida, are from a tree cultivated in
Lord Elphinstone's garden at Kaitee. Decaisne quotes Jacquemont as having found
this, but I suspect that C. bacillaris var. affinis is the plant intended, as C. frigida
occurs nowhere in Jacquemont's region of travel.
tree,

cillaris,

** Leaves ^-2 (rarely 4-5)

in.

Cymes few-flowered or flowers

solitary.

C. acuminata,

Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 101, t. 9 ; an erect

shrub, twigs leaves beneath and inflorescence pubescent or tomentose, leaves
usually 1-2 in. ovate acuminate or acute at length glabrous beneath, cymes 1-5R.
flowered very short, fruit turbinate scarlet.
Brandis For. Fl. 209.
Roylei or. Royleana, Hort. C. rotundifolia, Herb. Str. $ Wint., not of Wallich.
Mespilus acuminata, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 919.
3.

Temperate Himalaya, from Sirmor and Ktjmaon, alt. 4500-12,000 ft., to Sikkim,
7-13,000 ft.
A deciduous shrub, sometimes 14 ft. high wood used for walking sticks (like
bacillaris), the most constant in form of foliage of any Indian species except Simondsii, also in their size, about 2 in., though in one of Wallich's specimens they exceed 5 in.
The fruit varies from turbinate to subcampanulate. The number of
flowers in a cyme varies extremely, Brandis says from 2-10, I find 2-5 the average,
but solitary flowers are not uncommon.
alt.

4. C. vulgaris, Lindl.
Bern. Fl. Orient, ii. 685 an erect bush, leaves
f-l rarely 2 in. broadly ovate acute or obtuse hoary or glabrous above softly
tomentose beneath, cymes short few-flowered glabrescent, fruit globose black or
;

red.

Western Tibet and Wazuristan, alt. 5-11,000 ft. Distrib. Siberia, Soongaria,
Persia Westward to the Atlantic.
Usually a slender erect deciduous shrub, varying much in form of foliage and pubescence of both surfaces ; its habit, more ovate leaves, and fewer flowered cymes, best
VOL. II.
C C
f


386

li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

[Cotoneaster.

In lax specimens the cymes have slender pedundistinguish it from C. nummutaria.

and pedicels and drooping flowers. The character of drooping fruit by which it
has been sought to distinguish these two species depends on the length of the peduncle.
Fruit very variable in size and colour. Specimens apparently of C. vulgaris,
from Bargil, Kashmir, alt. 10,500 ft. collected by Mr. C.B. Clarke have leaves 2 in. long.
cles

5. C. multiflora, Bunge ; Led. Fl. Ross. ii. 93 ; an erect slender bush,

leaves f-2in. ovate elliptic or obovate acute obtuse or rounded at the tip thin
glabrous above, glaucous and glabrous or faintly silky beneath, petiole slender,
cymes 3-10-fid on short or long peduncles nearly glabrous. Dene. Mem. Fam.
Pom. 174. Ootoneaster 6, Herb. Strach. fy Wint.

Kashmir, Jacquemont Niti Pass Kumaon, alt. 11,500 ft. Strach. $ Winterb.
Disteib. Altai, Persia, Soongaria.
it closely
I refer the Grarwhal plant to Bunge's multiflora with some hesitation
resembles the Altai and Soongaria plant in its thin pale leaves glaucous beneath, but
they are usually ovate and acute whereas in the Altai and Soongarian ones they are
orbicular obovate or obcordate ; there are however leaves on some specimens of the
Himalayan plant quite like those of the other in being broadly elliptic and rounded
I have seen but
at both ends, and Baikal specimens have all the leaves ovate acute.
few Indian specimens.
;

nummularia,

Fisch. fy Mey. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 666 ; a

6. C.
straggling or prostrate bush with woody often divaricate branches, leaves
-l| in. orbicular or obovate obtuse or retuse or apiculate white or densely silkily
woolly beneath, cymes woolly very short 2-5-flowered, flowers crowded, fruit
small obovoid globose black. Brandis For. Fl. 209. O. Lindleyi, Steud.-,
Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 176.

Western Tibet and Kashmir, alt. 6-11,000 ft. Distrib. Soongaria, Afghanistan and "Westward to Asia Minor.
smaller subevergreen, more woody rigid species than C. vulgaris, with smaller
leaves sometimes only in. long, never ovate and often orbicular.
Flowers small
calyx usually tomentose but sometimes glabrate fruit black, erect. Cultivated specimens have orbicular leaves nearly 1 in. diam., and almost glabrous beneath. I do
not know upon what grounds Steudel and Decaisne regard the nummularia of Loudon
which appears to me to be the true plant, as different from that of Fischer.

7. C. rotundifolia, Wall. Cat 663 ; a low rigid horizontally and distichously branched shrub, leaves -|in. distichous orbicular or orbicular-obovate
mucronate glabrous or sparsely hairy above and beneath, flowers solitary subsessile, fruit turbinate scarlet. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under t. 1229 ;
Saunders Refug.
Bot. i. t. 54. O. microphylla, var. uva-ursi, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1187.
C.
prostrata, Baker in Saunders Refug. Bot. i. t. 53.

Central and Eastern Himalaya, alt. 9-11,000 ft. ; from Nipal, Wallich, to Sikxim,
J. J). H., &c, andBHOTAN, Griffith.
rigid shrub, remarkable for its almost horizontal branches and regular small
orbicular mucronate leaves, which are not woolly or downy, but have sparse appressed

very coriaceous, often a little recurved, and are subpersistent in England but as in Wallich's specimens they are all but fallen off, this character probably
depends on the severity of the winter. Decaisne {Mem. Fam. Pom. 176) refers to
this C. n&palensis, alpina &n&Roylei of gardens, but our Roylei is certainly G. acuminata. Baker's C. prostrata from Saunders' garden is identical with specimens of
rotundifolia from the Hort. Soc. Gardens in Herb. Bentham, and has the peculiar appressed hairs of the twigs and under surface of the leaves of rotundifolia, from
which I cannot distinguish it.
hairs, they are
;

8.

erect

C. Simondsii, Hort. Baker in Saunders Refug. Bot i. t. 65 an

bush with slender branches, leaves f in. subdistichous rhombic-orbicular
;

Cotoneaster.']

Li.

rosacea.

(J.

D. Hooker.)

387

acuminate glabrous above sparsely silky beneath, nerves distinct, margins

subrecurved, flowers solitary or twin subsessile, fruit turbinate scarlet. C.
acuminata, var. Simondsii, Dene. Mem. Fam. Pom. 175.

Khasia Mts. ?
The origin of this is unknown. It is probably named after Mr. Simons who collected largely in the Khasia Mts. and who may have sent seeds to England from
thence or from Bhotan. It is remarkable that it occurs in no Indian Herbarium, but
so would be the fact, that except this be a native of the Khasia, that range should
possess no Cotoneaster.

It

very nearly resembles C. rotundifolia.

B. Leaves persistent, rigid, in. long margins recurved. Flowers almost

always solitary. (See also C. nummularia, rotundifolia and Simondsii.)
;

9. C. microphylla,
Wall. Cat. 662 A. ; a low ramous woody intricately branched shrub, leaves in. ovate or obovate acute retuse or obtuse
glossy above pubescent or tomentose beneath, margins recurved, flowers in.
diam., fruit globose scarlet.
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1114 ; Saunders Refug. Bot.
i.

t.

49

Brandts For. Fl. 209.

Mem. Fam. Pom.

176.

C. emarginata, Hoffm. according to Decaisne,

0. buxifolia, Baker in Saunders Refug. Bot. i. t. 52.

Temperate Himalaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. from Kashmir to Bhotan; var. glacialis
from 9-14,000 ft.
In a dried state it is very difficult to distinguish this from the following, and from
single flowered states of C. buxifolia.
I suspect that the C. buxifolia of Saunders'
Eefugium is a state of this, though it may be a 1-flowered state of buxifolia.
Var. glacialis ; leaves glabrous and glaucous beneath, flowers smaller often pink.
C. congesta, Baker in Saunders Refug. i. t. 51.

10. C. thymifolia, Sort.; Baker in Saunders, Refug. Bot. i. t. 60; an

almost prostrate woody intricately branched shrub, leaves %-% in. cuneate-obovate or oblong tip rounded or retuse glossy above pubescent or tomentose
beneath, margins recurved, flowers solitary ^ in. diam., fruit small globose scarlet.
Crataegus integrifolia, Herb. Ham.
C. microphylla, Wall. Cat. 662, B.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from Kashmir, Falconer, to Sikkim, J. B. H.

This so resembles certain states of C. microphylla, that I retain it as a species with
great doubt in habit the two are identical, but C. thymifolia has narrower leaves
that are never elliptic or ovate or acute, but always broader upwards and rounded or
retuse at the tip the flowers are smaller, but this is not a character of much value.
It was distributed -with true microphylla by "Wallich and with buxifolia by Strachey
and Winterbottom from Nynee Tal.
;

11. C. buxifolia, Wall. Cat. 661

a small rigid
woody bush, leaves in. elliptic-ovate acute or apiculate

intricately branched
dull not shining and
often pubescent above densely tomentose beneath, margins recurved, cymes 2-6flowered tomentose short, fruit globose scarlet.
Wight Ic. t. 992 ; Beddome
Fl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xcvii. 1. 13, f. 3.
O. aftinis, DC. Prodr. ii. 632 (the Nil;

ghiri plant).

O. lanata, Hort.

Regel Oartenjl.

ix.

59.

Western Peninsula, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts.

? Temperate Himalaya from
Sirmore, alt. 4-7000 ft. to Bhotan, alt. 10,000 ft., Griffith.
I have under C. microphylla stated that it is difficult to distinguish dried singleflowered specimens of this from that plant, though in their ordinary states they are
very different, C. buxifolia having an opaque and often hoary or hairy upper surface
to the leaf, which is more regular in shape, and several-flowered cymes, with smaller
flower and fruit.
I am in great doubt as to any of the Himalayan specimens referred
The C. lanata of Lindley
to this being other than 2-3-flowered states of microphylla.

oc2


388

li.

rosaceje.

D. Hooker.)

(J.

[Cotoneaster.

a garden state with rather larger leaves and long branches, both due to alteration
in habit induced by culture.
Decaisne refers Hohenacker's Nilghiri specimen (n.
1154) to lanata, saying that it is not Wallich's plant, but Wallich's and Hohenacker's
specimens are identical in characters and might have come from the same branch and
there is certainly but one species known from the Nilghiris he further describes the
leaves of lanata as deciduous, whereas those of buxifolia are supposed to be persistent.
Decaisne (Mem. Fam. Pom.) gives the synonym of C. lanata as a species of Lindley's,
but I do not find it alluded to elsewhere, except as a garden name. It is cultivated at

is

Kew, and

differs

from ordinary

Order LII.

C. buxifolia only in its greater

SAXIFRAGACEffi.

development.

(By 0. B.

Clarke.)

Trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate and exstipulate, or stipules adnate

the base of the petiole, or opposite and exstipulate. Inflorescence various
flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious, the sepals petals and stamens
symmetrically regular. Calyx more or less adnate to the ovary, sometimes nearly
Petals 5 or 4, rarely
free, sometimes quite inferior ; lobes imbricate or valvate
Sta0, perigynous or epigynous, rarely subhypogynous, imbricate or valvate.
mens inserted with the petals, equalling or double their number, rarely numerous staminodes or glands sometimes present between the stamens and the ovary.
Ovary of 2 or 3-5 carpels usually 2- or 3-5-celled with axile placentae, less
commonly 1-celled with parietal placentae styles as many as the carpels, distinct or combined nearly to the summits, stigmas capitate or lateral and subcapitate ; ovules numerous, anatropous, erect or pendulous. Fruit capsular or berried.
Seeds numerous or several (solitary in Polyosma) albuminous ; the albumen
Distrib. Species 540 in the cold or temperarely scanty or nearly wanting.
rate regions of the whole world and in the mountains of the tropics together
with a few genera of tropical trees.
to

now extended

to contain Saxifraga on one side, Bibes on another,

and thus has become very difficult of
definition.
Crassulacece are generally recognised by their fleshy habit and distinct
carpels.
Rosacea are separated by no absolute line Astilbe in Saxifragacece touching
Spircea in Eosacece.
Saxifragacece

and the tropical

is

Itea

and Polyosma between

Tribe
*

Saxifrag eae.

I.

Ovary

Herbs.

2-cetted.

Leaves twice ternate more than a foot long

Leaves simple

......

1.

Astilbe.

2.

Saxifraga.

3.

Vahlia.
Tiabella.
Chbysosplenium.
Pabnassia.

** Ovary 1-celled.

Flowers solitary. Petals 5. Leaves opposite

Flowers racemose. Petals 5, minute
Flowers solitary. Petals 0! Leafy small plants
Scapes 1 -flowered. Petals 5. Staminodes prominent
'.

Tribe

II.

Hydrang-eae.

Stamens double the

simple.
rior or half-superior.
*

Stamens

8,

Shrubs or

number of

trees.

petals or

4.
.

...

5.
6.

Leaves opposite, exstipulate,

more numerous.

Ovary

infe-

10 or 12.

Fruit capsular
Petals falling off in a cap.
Glabrous
Petals expanding. Berry blue

Filaments linear.

Filaments winged
** Stamens 20-40

7.

Hydbangea.

8.

Pileostegia.

9.

10.

Dichboa.
Deutzia.

11.

Philadelphia.

Astilbe.']

lii.

Tribe

Escallonieae.

III.

petals in number.

Leaves alternate.
opposite.

Ovary

Trees and shrubs.

389

Stamens equalling the

inferior or half-superior.

Seeds numerous
Seeds solitary

Tribe IV. Ribesieae.

Seeds immersed in

1-celled.

(C. B. Clarke.)

saxifragaceje.

Shrubs.
pulp.

Itea.

13.

Polyosma.

Leaves alternate, simple. Ovary inferior,

Flowers racemose or subsolitary

1.

12.

14. Kibes.

ASTILBE,

Horn.

Erect herbs with a perennial creeping" rootstock. Leaves alternate, twice or

thrice ternate ; leaflets doubly serrate with prominent veins
stipules large,
adnate to the petiole, sheathing. Flcnvers (sometimes polygamous) small, in a
Calyx slightly adnate to base of ovary with
terminal panicle, spicate-racemose.
(rarely 4) perigynous.
Stamens 10
5 (rarely 4) imbricate lobes. Petals 5 or
Carpels 2, united below, narrowed upwards into a
or 5 (rarely 8) perigynous.
Ripe carpels dry,
short style ; stigmas small capitate ovules numerous axile.
acuminate or acute at the top, divaricating, dehiscing ventrally. Seeds small,
narrow, oblong, tailed at both ends. Distrib. Species 3 or 7 ; from the Himalaya, Java, Mantchuria, Japan and Virginia.
;

flowers green-yellow, petals

1. A. rivularis, Ham. in Don Prodr. 211
stamens 5 opposite the sepals, ripe carpels deflexed. DC. Prodr. iv. 51. SpiCamb. in Jaeq. Voy. Bot. t. 58.
raea barbata, Wall. Cat. 705
;

0,

Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 5000-9000 ft., abundant.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft., very common.
Stem and leaves "with long fulvous hairs, especially about base of the petioles.
1-4 in., ovate, acuminate, often cordate at the base, generally scabrous on the
Eachis of panicle woolly-pubescent, and brown-villose
nerves on both surfaces.
Sepals green, subglabrous, oblong, obpedicels short with a small bract at the base.
Young carpels but slightly united. Ripe carpels | in. long. Seeds
tuse, erect, in.
numerous. Spireea triternata, Wall. Cat. 708 is reduced to Astilbe rivularis by H.f. $
T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 74, but every "Wallichian specimen is referable to
Spireea Aruncus, L. which in fruit requires to be carefully distinguished from Astilbe
by the carpels, suddenly narrowed at top into short divergent beaks, usually 3-4 in
number, with few larger and much less tailed seeds. Astilbe speciosa Junghuhn (Miq.
Flor. Ivd. Bat. i. pt. i. 393) differs from A. rivularis by the flowers often 4-fid, the
stamens 8 or 10, the ripe carpels broader at the base.
Leaflets

2. A. rubra, H.f. 8f T. in Bot. Mag. t. 4959 ; petals 5 pale pink linear

or linear-spathulate twice or thrice the sepals in length, stamens 10, the 5 oppo-

site

the petals shorter, ripe carpels suberect.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.

Stems and leaves with long fulvous hairs, especially about base of the

petioles.
ovate, acute, sometimes cordate at the base, generally scabrous on the
Bachis of panicle woolly-pubescent and brown-villose ;
nerves on both surfaces.
Sepals in., green, subglabrous, oblong,
pedicel short with a small bract at the base.
Young carpels united for a great portion of their length. Bipe carpels
obtuse, erect.
A. japonica, Morr. $ Decne; A. Thunbergii, Maxim.; and A. chinensis,
in. long.

Leaflets 1-3

Maxim.,

in.,

differ

by being more slender and

less villose.

EXCLUDED

SPECIES.

A. Stoliczkai, Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. 240 with simple leaves, from the North
West Himalaya probably does not belong to the genus ; may be a Spireea.


390

lii.

saxifragace-E.

2.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Sawifraga.

SAXIFRAGA. Linn.

Herbs, mostly small perennials. Radical leaves often rosulate ; stem leaves
alternate (in Sect. Porphyrion subopposite), exstipulate, petiole sheathing at base.
Flowers corymbose or paniculate or reduced to 3-1 ; white or yellow, rarely red.
Calyx adnate to the ovary at base (rarely free) 5-fid, imbricate. Petals 5, periCarpels 2 (very rarely 3-5) united
gynous. Stamens 10 (rarely 5) perigynous.
below, narrowed upwards into a style, stigma lateral subcapitate ; ovules numerous, axile. Pipe Carpels dry, opening at the top ventrally. Seeds small, ellipsoid
Distrib. Species 160, almost all in the Northern Hemiin Indian species.
sphere ; inhabiting cool temperate, and especially alpine, localities.
Sect.

I.

Nephrophyllum.

Calyx adnate to the base of the ovary, lobes

Stems erect leafy. PaPetals white, much exceeding the calyx.

erect in fruit.
Bracts 2, unequal at base of peduncles.
dical leaves petioled, reniform, lobed.
In the Indian species the surculi are represented by bulbils, covered with ful-

vous hairs, forming a cluster at the base of the stem.

1. S. odontophylla, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 64 ; no bulbils
in the upper axils, radical leaves crenate with 7-12 shallow rounded lobes, lobes
Wall. Cat. 454, partly. S. asarifolia,
of stem-leaves often triangular acute.
Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 24.

Western Temperate Himalaya,

alt. 10,000 ft.; Kumaon, Blinkworth; Kulu,

Gurwhal, Falconer Lahul, JaescKke.
Laxly villose, 6-10 in. high. Flowers 3-6. Upper leaves few, sometimes 0. In
the ripe fruit the calyx -tube is short campanulate or funnel-shaped the lobes are
ovate-linear, approximate, with acute sinuses.
This species bears a general resemblance to S. granulata, but the calyx in fruit is very different. It is more difficult to
separate it from S. sibirica.
Engler {Monog. Saxifrag. 99) has taken Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 25 as the type of S. odontophylla, which should rather be referred to

Edgeworth

S. sibirica.
2. S sibirica, Linn. ; DC. Prod?-, iv. 36 ; no bulbils in" the upper axils,
radical leaves with 5-7 acute or obtuse lobes, upper stem leaves often simple
entire oblong or ovate acute.
Sternb. Rev. Saxifrag. t. 25, f. 1 ; H.f.fy T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 64 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 807 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag.
;

101.

S. odontophylla, Wall. Cat. 454, partim.

Western Himalaya and Kashmir, alt, 9000-14,000 ft., frequent; Boyle, FalT. Thomson, &c.
Distrib. From Kashmir to the Caucasus and to the

coner,

Altai.

Stem pubescent, 6-8 in high. Flowers 1-10. Calyx-tube in the ripe fruit short,
campanulate or funnel-shaped lobes ovate-linear, sinuses narrow. Seeds oblong, subangular, quite smooth, testa minutely reticulate.
Flowers and capsules smaller than
those of S. odontophylla. All the Indian specimens referred to S. granulata, Linn, by
T.
in
Journ.
Linn.
Soc. ii. 63 are here reduced to S. sibirica. In the ripe fruit
H.f. $
of S. granulata the calyx is divided only about half way down, the tube is hemispherical, the lobes are oblong distant with rounded sinuses.
;

3. S. cernua, Linn. : DC. Prodr. i. 36; bulbils in the upper axils, flower
often terminal solitary all the lower flowers of the raceme being replaced by
sessile, purple bulbils, or flowers 2-3 pedicelled.
Eng. Bot. t. 664 ; Don in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 364 ; H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 63 ; Engler
Monog. Sftxifrag. 106.

Western Himalaya and Western Tibet, alfc. 14,000-17,000 ft. N. of Ladak, T.

Thomson, C. B. Clarke Nubra, Strachey Tanglang Pass, Heyde. Distrib. Alps of
Europe, Temperate and Arctic N. America and W. Asia.
;

;;

Saxifraga.]

lii.

saxifragace2E.

(0. B. Clarke.)

391

Stem 4-6 in. high. Kadical leaves reniform, palmately 4-6-lobed ; upper leaves
3-1 -fid passing into bracts.
Calyx-tube in the ripe fruit short, campanulate or funnel-shaped lobes ovate-linear, approximate, with acute sinuses. Turczanimow judiciously remarks (Fl. Baikal-Dahur. i. 454) that the only reason for not treating
cernua as a var. of S. sibirica is its much wider geographical range. The very imperfect specimens collected by Strachey and Winterbottom in Kumaon and referred
to S. orienialis, Jacquem., by H. f. & T. doubtfully in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 63 are certainly not S. orienialis nor any species of the section Cymbalaria ; they have bulbils
in the upper axils and belong perhaps to S. cernua, j8. pauciflora, Sternb.

&

Sect. II. Kirculus.

Sepals nearly free, in fruit patent or reflexed. Peyellow, often with 2-4 spots near their base.
Stems erect leafy.
Leaves
entire withering not deciduous, lower petioled, upper sessile more or less stemclasping.
Distrib. All Himalayan ; S. Hirculus extending thence to Europe
tals

and North America.

* Stem

leaves loosely overlapping each other.

4. S. palpebrata, H.f fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 67; densely tufted,

stems 1-flowered, stem-leaves oblong narrower at the base, calyx half adnate to
the ripe fruit, petals obovate. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 119.

Sixkim, alt. 13,000-15,000 ft. Tunkra Pass, J. D. H. Kumaon, alt. 13,000 ft.,
Ealum, Strachey Winterbottom.
Stems 2-5 in. high. Leaves ciliate the lowest radical leaves spathulate, obtuse
or orbicular cauline in. Styles exceedingly short. Ripe carpels hardly equalling
;

the sepals.

Seeds trigonous, ellipsoid, smooth,

5. S. cordigera, H.f. Se T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 68; tufted, stems

1-flowered, cauline leaves cordate-ovate, calyx slightly adnate to the ripe fruit,
the lobes patent, petals obovate. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 119.

Sixkim and East Nipal, alt. 12,000-15,000 ft.; Yeumtong and Kambachen,
Yakla Pass, C. B. Clarke.
Stems 2-4 in. high. Leaves ciliate; lowest radical spathulate, obtuse or orbicular;
Styles exceedingly short.
Ripe carpels hardly equalling the sepals.
cauline | in.
Seeds ellipsoid, angular, smooth, testa lax somewhat plaited.

J. D. H.

6. S. Iiychnitis, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 68 ; tufted, stems 1flowered, calyx little adnate to the ripe fruit, sepals densely brown-pubescent,
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 120.
petals elongate-spathulate 3-nerved.

14,000-16,000 ft., Lama Kongra, J. B. H. Kumaon, alt. 14,700 ft.

Pass, Strachey $ Winterbottom.
Glandular-pubescent. Stems 1-5 in. high. Kadical leaves spathulate-ovate ; cauCarPetals ^-1 in. long.
Styles very short.
line |-| in., linear-oblong or elliptic.
Seed trigonous, ellipsoid, smooth.
pels hardly equalling the sepals.
Sixkim,

Barji

alt.

Kang

3-17. S. viscidula, H.
fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 69 ; stems
flowered, calyx slightly adnate to the ripe fruit, sepals glandular little pubescent,
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 120.
petals sp&thulate-oblong 7-5-nerved.

Sixkim, alt. 13,000-15,000 ft., J.B. H.

Glandular-pubescent. Stems 3-4 in. high.
cauline

in.,

oblong, subacute.

Eadical leaves spathulate-lanceolate

Pedicels \ in. long.

Styles not

Petals ^ in. long.

very short.
**

Upper stem

Jlowered.

leaves

narrow

linear, little overlapping each other

stems 1-

392

lii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

saxifragacejE.

[Saxifraga.

8. S. aristulata, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 68; tufts mosslike,

stems l-3 in. glandular but not woolly-pubescent upwards, leaves with recurved
margins and terminated by a deciduous linear awn, petals broadly obovate.
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 121

Sikkim,

alt.

13,000-18,000

ft.;

Yeumtong and Lachen,

J. B.

H.

Sepals glabrous, slightly adnate to the ripe

Stem-leaves \ in., shining, glabrous.
Petals -| in. long.
carpels.
Var. 2 stem-leaves much larger lanceolate-linear somewhat overlapping each
Sikkim, Samdong, J. B. H. This variety approaches S. brachypoda, Don.
other.
;

9. S. sag"inoides, H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 68 tufts mosslike,

stems 1 in. woolly-pubescent upwards, leaves striate but hardly with recurved
margins rarely terminated by a deciduous awn, petals oblong. Engler Monog.
;

Saxifrag. 121.

Kumaon, alt. 13,000 ft.

ft.; Lachen, &c, J. B. H.
Winterbottom.
Stem-leaves hardly | in. long, glabrous. Sepals glabrous, slightly adnate to fruitFruit small.
Seed trigonous, subglobose,
ing carpels. Petals scarcely \ in. long.
smooth. Hardly to be distinguished from S. aristulata. Moreover Sir J. 1). Hooker
collected in Sikkim intermediate* forms having the woolly pubescent peduncle of S.
saginoides, with the leaves and stature of S. aristulata.
Sikkim,

alt.

10,000-18,000

Ralum, Strachey

*** Upper stem-leaves not overlapping each other ; flowers corymbose, rarely
reduced to one in starved examples.
10.

S. latiflora, H.f.

fy

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

71

ii.

flowers 3-1

large, sepals ovate herbaceous large, radical leaves smaller than the stem-leaves.

Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 122.

Sikkim, alt. 13,000 ft. ; Kankala, J. B. H.
Stems 4-8 in. high, glabrous below, glandular-pubescent above. Leaves oblongelliptic ; radical petiolate, glandulose-ciliate
cauline 1 by -1 in.
Petals ovateoblong, naked at the base, a little exceeding the sepals.
Styles very short.
Capsule
ovate-oblong.
Resembles S. diversifolia but has finer flowers.
;

11. S. Kir cuius, Linn. DC. Prodr. iv.44; surculi decumbent, leaves subglabrous radical petioled narrow-spathulate cauline oblong narrowed at both
ends, flowers 3-1, petals narrow obovate.
Eng. Bot. t. 1009 Dim in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xiii. 372 H.f.fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 69 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.
808 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 122.
;

Var. 1. typica; stems 6-12 in. 1-3-flowered, cauline leaves -1 in., sepals
strongly deflexed, base often brown -villous externally, petals 2-3 times the sepals
golden with red dots and 2 pits at the base, styles very short.
Not yet collected in
India. Distrib. Arctic regions Alps of Europe to the Caucasus.
Var. 2. indica peduncles very brown villous, capsule much shorter oval-oblong,
sepals hardly deflexed even on the ripe fruit, petals shorter 1-2 times the calyx,
styles often wanting, with no obvious stigmas, but the capsules produce good seed.
North Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 11,000-17,000 ft., Falconer, T. Thomson, J. B. H.,
&c.
Var. 3. hirculoides (sp.) Bene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 78 stems 2-3 in. often very
villous upwards like var. 2 but the petals have no pits or glands at the base and are
shorter than sepals, or scarcely exceed them.
Kashmir, Jacquemont. "Western Tibet, alt. 17,000 ft. Balch Pass, Strach.
Winterb.
Var. 4. subdioica; like var. 3, but the stems are 3-6 in. high, and carry 4-10
shortly corymbose or altogether congested flowers ; the stigmas are obscure and some
;

Saxifraga.]

lii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

saxifragace^:.

393

of the flowers seem functionally male, though in others with no visible stigmas there
S. Hirculus, var. y. H.f. Sr T. in. Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 69.
are perfected seeds.
Western Tibet Falconer; Lanak Pass, alt. 15-17,000 ft., T. Thomson.
;

12. S. nutans, H.f. fy T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 69; pedicels short,
flowers 6-12 subracemose nodding, sepals with black glands and densely pubesEngler Monog. Saxifrag. 124.
cent.

10,000-12,000 ft., J. D. H.
high, densely glandular-pubescent upwards. Radical leaves petioled,
oblong, obtuse cauline about 1 in., sessile, broadly oblong. Petals pale yellow, spathulate, 1 times the calyx.
Styles short.
Sikkim,

alt.

Stem 5-10

in.
;

flowers
13. S. diversifolia, Wall, in Sterrib. Saxifrag. Sujtpl. t. 22
corymbose rarely 3-2, sepals ovate-oblong small, cauline leaves sessile often corWall. Cat. 452
date and amplexicaul, radical leaves long-petioled often large.
DC. Prodr. iv. 44 Hook. Lond. Joum. Bat. iv. t. 21 H.f. fy T. in Joum. Linn.
Soc. ii. 70; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 125.
S. parnassifolia, Wall. Cat. 451,
partly Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 405 DC. Prodr. iv. 25 Sternb. Saxifrag.
Suppl. t. 25.
Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 2*4.
S. Moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 453
S. lysimachoides, Klotzsch in. JReis. Pr. Waldem. Bat. t. 42.
;

from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 9000-17,000 ft., abundant.

8-18 in. high, leafy, glandular, often finally glabrous. Radical leaves longpetioled, narrowed into the petiole or (var. parnassifolia) ovate, subcordate cauline
4-2 in., ovate or broad oblong. Sepals at length reflexed. Petals with 4 stalked
glands at their base, 1^-2 times the sepals. Styles very short. Capsule ovate-oblong.
Seeds angular, testa smooth somewhat plaited.
Alpine Himalaya

Sterns

14. S. corymbosa, H.f.$. T. inJoxmx. Linn. Soc. ii. 70

flowers corymbose rarely 3-1, leaves shining generally glabrous, radical leaves long-petioled
lanceolate not large, peduncles glandular upwards not villous.
Engler Monog.
Saxifrag. 126.
S. parnassifolia, Wall. Cat. 451, partly.
;

Sikxem and Eastern Nipai/, alt. 11,000-14,000 ft.; Lachoong, &c, Wallanchoon,
D. H, C. B. Clarke.
Stems 3-8 in. high, much less stout than those of S. diversifolia.
Stem-leaves
-1 in., oblong or ovate, sometimes sessile and stem-clasping, sometimes narrowed
suddenly just above the base. Petals obovate, twice the sepals. Styles short. Capsule
ovate sepals at length deflexed. Seeds ellipsoid, subtrigonous, smooth.
This differs from S. diversifolia in being much smaller with smaller leaves and
flowers.
The starved 1-3-flowered examples of S. corymbosa may be distinguished
from the Indian S. Hirculus by the peduncles being glandular but scarcely brown
J.

villose.

Sect. Til. Boraphila (as to the Indian species).

Sepals more or less
united, patent or reflexed in fruit.
Petals white.
Leaves undivided, dentate or
crenate.

S. strig-osa, Wall,

in Sternb. Saxifi-ag. Supjrf. t. 22 ; whole plant

stem falsely rosulate, upper leaves small alternate sessile deflexed, calyx in fruit patent nearly free.
Wall. Cat. 448 ; H.f.
8r T. in. Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 64 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 136.
15.

strigose, leaves near the base of the

Central and Western Himalaya Nipai. Gossain Than, Wallich

Sixxim, alt.
9000-14,000 ft. Lachen, Lachoong, J. D. H.; Singalelah, C. B. Clarke. Bhotan,
;

Griffith.

Stem 4-8 in. high, somewhat rigid, paniculate upwards upper axils generally
producing hispid bulbils, so that the flowers are only 1-3. Lower subrosulate leaves
;


394

lit.

saxifragacej:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

\_8cuxifraga.

1-2 in., sessile, oblong-lanceolate, with one or two acute teeth. Petals small, exceeding the sepals.
Styles short.
Capsule less than \ in. long.
Seeds minute, smooth,
elliptic,

angular.

S. pallida, Wall, in Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 23 scape 2-6 in.

with narrow bracts at the divisions of the corymb or simple, calyx in
fruit adnate to base of ovary for one-third its length, lobes finally recurved,
Wall. Cat. 450 DC. Prodr. iv. 38
petals twice sepals, capsule - in. long.
H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 65 Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 140.
16.

leafless

Alpine Himalaya; Sikkim, alt. 13,000-17,000 ft. Lachen, Kankala, &c, J.B. H.
Gossain Than, Wallich. Kumaon, alt. 14,500 ft. Barji Kang Pass, Strachey
;

Nipal

Winterbottom.
Eadical leaves long-petioled, ovate, denSlightly pubescent, sometimes glabrous.
tate-crenate.
Flowers and fruit very variable in size, sometimes not larger than in
the next species.
Style hardly any.
Seeds ellipsoid, longitudinally striated by 10-12
rows of tubercles.

scape 4-8 in.

17. S- micrantha, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 50
high leafless (rarely 1-leaved) with leaflike bracts at the lower divisions of
the corymb, calyx in fruit shortly adnate to base of ovary, lobes finally recurved,
petals hardly exceeding sepals, capsule seldom more than in. long. H.f. 8f T.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 64 Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 141.
;

Alpine Eastern and Western Himalaya, alt. 9000-11,000 ft. Edgeworth DhurmSikkim, alt. 10,000-14,000 ft.; Lachen,
B. Clarke; Gurwhal, Falconer.
Tungu, J. D. H.
Pubescent. Kadical leaves long-petioled, ovate, dentate-crenate. Style exceedingly
short.
Seeds ellipsoid, longitudinally striated by 10-12 rows of tubercles. This species will perhaps be merged in the preceding when more material accumulates.
;

sala, C.

Sect. IV. Microphylla. Flowers solitary, yellow or white, on leafless

peduncles, -2 in. high.
Tufts dense formed by the stems 1-3 in. long, branching and crowded, covered upwards with densely whorled undivided small obtuse
leaves about \ in. long.
18. S. imbricata, Eoyle III. 226, t. 49; uppermost leaves with a perforated whitened pit at their apex, flowers sessile, sepals ovate obtuse glabrous or
slightly ciliate pubescent.
H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 62 ; Engler
Monogr. Saxifrag. 264.

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt 12,000-17,000 ft., Boyle, Jacquemont, J. B. H., &c.
Leaves -^ in., obovate-elliptic, glabrous or a little ciliate, hardly glandular. Petals narrow, twice the sepals, deciduous
white (C. B. Clarke noted in the field, also
Jacquemont and Jaeschke) yellow in the figure of Eoyle. Fruit less than % in. long.
All the examples now referred surely to S. imbricata at Kew exhibit some perforated
leaves var. y. and 5. of H. f. & T. (in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 62) must be referred
;

elsewhere.

S. hemisphaerica, H.f.fy

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 62; upperscariose laciniated margin, flowers subsessile, sepals
ovate obtuse erect in fruit slightly pubescent. Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 212.
19.

most leaves with a broad

Sikkim,

Lower

alt.

17,000-18,000

ft.,

Mt. Donkiah,

J.

B. H.

oblong, entire, glabrescent, upper shorter, ciliate. Petals

in
the fruiting specimens alone collected by Sir J. D. Hooker, probably deciduous as in
S. imbricata.
Fruit less than \ in. long.
leaves

in.,

Saxifraga.~\

lii.

saxifragace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

395

20. S. perpusilla, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 72 flowers yellow

on glandular peduncles 3f in. high, uppermost leaves about in. obovate-oblong
concave white ciliate on edges otherwise glabrous, sepals ciliolate erect in fruit.
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 210.
;

alt. 16,000-17.000 ft.

Mt. Donkiah, J. D. H.
Stems scarcely an inch long. Petals golden, twice the sepals, oblong, persistent.
Styles very short.
Fruit ovate, subquadrate, shorter than the petals. The tufts are
small, the leaves and sepals very small.

Sikkim,

S. microphylla, Bogle

in Herb. Bth. ex H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn.

peduncles puberulous about \ in., leaves oblong glabrous, sepals
much adnate below erect in fruit, petals
or oblong coriaceous equal to the
sepals (green-white ?).
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 210.
21.

Soc.

ii.

72

Western Himalaya, Boyle. Kumaon,

and Winterbottom.

alt.

14,700

ft.

Barji

Still smaller than S. 'perpusilla, with inconspicuous flowers.

nated upwards, sometimes united conically to the top.

Kang

Pass, Strachcy

Bipe carpels acumi-

22. S. Jacquemontiana, Dene, in Jacq. Vog. Bot. t. 78 ; flowers

golden subsessile or on a glandular peduncle $ in. long, uppermost leaves obovate-oblong, sepals broad-elliptic glandular-pubescent patent or finally deflexed.
H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 71 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 211.

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir,

Edgeworth, J. B. H., &c.

alt.

13,000-18,000

ft.;

Jacque-

onont,

Lower leaves ^-\ in., orbicular or elliptic, glabrescent upper glandular-pubescent

or nearly glabrous.
Petals \ in. long, nearly twice the sepals, elliptic, persistent.
Fruit ovate, shorter than the petals. Seeds minute, ellipsoidal, smooth, testa reticulated not tuberculate.
Var. 2. . Stella-aurea Up,) H. f. $. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 72; peduncles
i-2 in.from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 13,500-17,000 ft. ; J. B. H.
;

Sect. V. Flozvers yellow, on sparsely leafy peduncles 1-3 in. from tufts formed
by weak stems clothed upwards with subrosulate undivided spathulate-oblong

small leaves -

in. long.

23. S. ramulosa, Wall, in Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 26; peduncles

glandular-pubescent 1-2-flowered, upper rosulate leaves glabrous rigid oblong
often with 1-5 pits on their front margin, sepals glandular-pubescent in fruit
much adnate, lobes triangular suberect. Wall. Cat. 446 ;
Brodr. iv.
21 ; Bogle III. t. 49 (bad) ; H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 62 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 268.
S. glandulifera, Jacquem. Journ.

DC

Central and Western Himalaya, from Nipal to Kashmir, alt. 8500-12,000 ft.
Wallich, Jacquemont, Strachey $ Winterbottom, &c.
Stems 2-6 in. long, branches crowded into tufts branches barren or producing a
flower-stem, terminated by rosulate crowded leaves.
Eosulate leaves spathulate-ob;

long, sometimes very small, sometimes in., margins cartilaginous ; leaves on the
peduncle linear-spathulate or narrow- oblong. Petals obovate, clawed, much exceeding the sepals.
Carpels in fruit narrowed upwards.
species by the texture and
perforations of its leaves allied to S. imbricata ; which differs by its sessile flowers

and

its less

glandular-pubescent sepals.

S. umbellulata, H.f $

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 71 flower-stems

peduncles 1-5 umbelled very glandular, rosulate leaves narrowly spathulate glabrous or slightly ciliate-pubescent.
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 222.

24.

2-3

in.,

396

lii.

SAXiFRAGACEJi.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Saxifraga.

Sikkim, alt. 12,000-14,000 ft. Tungu, J. D. H.

Kosulate leaves in., cauline \ in. long, narrow oblong, very glandular-pubescent.
Peduncles -l in. Petals nearly double the sepals, golden.
;

Flowers yellow, peduncled, solitary or few.

Sect. VI. Spinuloses.
Stems elongate, 2-8 in. long, uniformly leafy i.e. no whorled leaves either at
the base or summit. Leaves -f in. long, acute, rigid, often spinulose.
;

brachypoda, Don

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii.

stem simple
peduncle glandular-scabrous rarely glabrate, leaves linear-lanceolate shining half stem-clasping
Don Prodr. 209 ; Sternb. Saxiglabrous or shortly spinulose on the margin.
frag. Suppl. t. 24; DC. Prodr. iv. 46
H.f. $ T. injourn. Linn. Soc. ii. 66;
DC. Prodr. iv.
S. glandulosa, Wall. Cat.
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 218.
25. S.
1 -flowered glabrous

below often bearing bulbils in the upper

378

axils,

MS

45.

Alpine Himalaya, from Bhotan

Kumaon,

to

alt.

9000-13,000

ft.,

common.

Leaves about f in., densely imbricate, ascending or reflexed.

Sepals ovate, acute,
little pubescent, suberect in fruit. Petals broad, golden, much exceeding the sepals.
Styles not much shorter than the ripe carpels.
Seeds ellipsoid, subtrigonous, smooth.
26. S. nmbriata, Wall, in DC. Prodr. iv. 45; stem simple 1- rarely
2- 3-flowered glabrous or sparsely ciliate below often bearing bulbils in the
upper axils, peduncle glandular-scabrous, leaves lanceolate shining cordate at
base but not stem-clasping, margins prominently spinulose. Wall. Cat. 443 ; H.
S. Wallichif. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 67 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 218.
ana, Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 22.

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kumaon, alt. 11,000-14,000 ft.; Wallich,

D. H., Strachey <$f Winterbottom.
Leaves about in., densely imbricate, ascending or reflexed.
Sepals ovate, obtuse,
very glandular-pubescent, suberect in fruit. Petals broad, golden, much exceeding
the sepals.
Styles not much shorter than the carpels in fruit.
This hardly differs
from S. brachypoda.

J.

S. filicaulis. Wall, in Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl. t. 23; stems glandumuch branched, branches 1-flowered, leaves -f in. linear-oblong minutely denticulate.
Wall. Cat. 445 DC. Prodr. iv. 46 H.f. $ T. in Journ.
27.

lar-pilose

Linn. Soc.

ii.

66

Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 221.

Alpine Western Himalaya, Gurwhal and Kumaon, alt. 10,000-11,500 ft. WalFalconer, Edgeworth, T. Thomson, &c.
Bulbiferous sometimes in the upper axils.
Sepals small, ovate, glandular-pilose,
erect in fruit.
Petals golden, more than twice the sepals.
Styles in fruitlittle shorter
than the carpels.
;

lich,

28. S. hispidula, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 380

stems hispid
glandular simple 1-3-flowered, leaves - in. long oblong-lanceolate acute entire
or often 1-3-toothed hispid on both surfaces.
Don Prodr. 210 DC. Prodr.
iv. 46; H.f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 67 ; Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 222.
S. evolvuloides, Wall. Cat. 447 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 46 ; Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl.
t.23. Q
;

Alpine Himalaya, from Bhotan to Nipal, alt. 13-15,000 ft. Nipal, Grossain
Than, Wallich Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, Kankola, J. D.H., Jongri, C. B. Clarke.
Barely bulbiferous in the upper axils.
Sepals narrow, ovate, hispid-glandular,
erect in fruit.
Petals golden, obovate, near twice the sepals.
Styles short.
Seeds
ellipsoid, subtrigonous, smooth.
;

lii.

Saxifrage/,.]

saxifragacejE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

397

Sect. VII. Flag-ellares. Flowers yellow, on leafy stems 2-8 in high

from a basal tuft of rosulate leaves ; from this tuft spread horizontally
Stem leaves entire,
leafless thread-like surculi which terminate in rooting buds.
rising

narrow.

Brunoniana,

S.

29.

Wall, in Sternb. Saxifrag. Suppl.

23

t.

steins

corymbosely 1-10-flowered, pedicels long often 1-2 in., leaves linear acute shining, margins spinulose.
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 223. S. Brunonis, Wall.
Cat.Ul; DC. Prodr. iv. 45; H.f. 8r T.inJourn. Linn. Soc. ii. 66.
Temperate Himalaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 16,000 ft.; Wallich, Jacquemont, T. Thomson, J. D. H., &c.
Spals
Glabrous 2-8 in. high. Eosulate leaves |-f in. cauline usually small.
elliptic-oblong, small, patent in fruit.
Petals 3 or 4 times the length of the sepals,
oblong-elliptic.
Styles short.
Seed ellipsoid, smooth, most minutely papillose.
;

stems corymbosely
30. S. pilifera, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 66
1-4-nowered, pedicels short about ^ in., leaves hardly in. spathulate-linear or
oblong, margins not spinulose, petals equalling the sepals. Engler Monog. Saxi;

frag. 223.

Sikkim, alt. 14-15,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stems 1-3 in. high, pubescent. Leaves - in., cauline pubescent, rosulate, nearly
glabrous.
Sepals much adnate in fruit into a campanulate tube ; lobes obtuse, erect.
Styles short.
Ripe carpels very small.
31. S. flag" ell aris, Willd. in Sternb. Saxifrag. t. 6; stems 2-8 in
high corymbosely 1-10-flowered, pedicels 0-2 in., cauline leaves linear-lanceolate
pubescent ciliate or subspinulose, petals golden much exceeding the sepals
sometimes \ in. long. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 373 DC. Prodr. iv. 45
Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 321 ; H.f. Sr T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 65 Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 809
Engler Monog. Saxifrag. 223. S. myosotifolia, Pall, ex Don in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 373 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 45. S. stenophylla, Royle III. t. 50
H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 65. S. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr.
Waldem. Bot. t. 41. S. aurea and S. radicans, Jacq. Voy. Bot.\ with some
others
but S. aspera, Willd., sometimes quoted here, does not belong.
;

Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir and Kumaon,

alt.

13,500-17,000

ft.,

common,

Distrib. North Asia, Arctic

to Sikkim, alt. 18,000 ft., Lama Kongra, J. D. H.
regions and Kocky Mountains.
Stems pubescent upwards. Sepals oblong, pubescent, slightly adnate and erect
Petals often with red lines (not dots) near the base.
Styles short.
Seeds
in fruit.
ellipsoid, smooth, testa reticulate and microscopically punctulate.
This species is
without
very
being
called polymorphic, but
good reason, the following three varieties
distinguished by trivial characters only, and running into each other.
The Eocky
Mountain var. setigera (sp. of Pursh) is more remote by the calyx much adnate to the

fruit.

Var.
Var.

typica; leaves pubescent, margins a little ciliate.

sp.)
leaf margins more ciliate or glistening and
subspinulose.
Var. 3. stenophylla (Royle sp.) lower leaves and stem less pubescent or nearly
1.

2.

mucronulata (Royle

glabrous.

Sect. VIII.
at the apex.
32.

Porphyrion.

Flowers

Leaves sub-opposite, small, often with a pore

solitary, red or purple.

S- oppositifolia, Linn.

obovate glabrous or the upper

DC.

ciliolate,

Prodr. iv. 17 rosulate leaves \~$ in.

no disc surrounding the carpels. Engl.
;

398
Bot.
ii.

62

lii.

t.
,

SAXIFRAGACE.E.

(C. B. Clarke.)

9 Bern, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 400

Engler Monog. Saccifrag. 276.
;

H.f.

fy

[Saxifraga.

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

Western Tibet, alt. 15-17,000 ft.; Sassar, T. Thomson. Distrib. Alps of Europe and Asia, Arctic Eegions.
Leaves
Stems 1-2 in. long, much branched and crowded, forming dense tufts.
densely crowded, Flowering stems from the ends of the branches, -2 in. long, with
Sepals ovate-oblong, nearly gladecussate opposite (or altogether alternate) leaves.
Petals in. long, obovatebrous, erect in fruit, adnate to the ovary at the base.
oblong, twice the sepals.
Seeds ellipsoid, rugulose, minutely papillose. In Dr.
Thomson's specimens some flowers have 3 carpels.

Rootstock stout. Leaves ample, undivided, with a

Sect. IX. Bergenia.
large sheath at the base of the petiole.
Scape corymbose, 6-18 in. high. Petals
white or red.
Calyx-lohes erect in fruit.
Seeds much larger than in other sections, elongate, subpyraniidal, smooth.
33. S. ligrulata, Wall, in Asiat. Research, xiii. 398, with a figure ; leaves
orbicular or obovate quite entire ciliate, base cordate, pedicels and calyx glabrous,
calyx-teeth ovate not narrowed at base, fruit-pedicels cernuous. Wall. Cat. 449 ;
Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 348 ; Hook. JSxot. Flora, i. t. 49 (excellent) ; Hook.
Hot. Mag. t. 3406 (the sepals too acute, and the leaves too undulate) ; DC.
Prodr. iv. 38 ; H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 60.

Temperate Himalaya, from Bhotan to Kashmir, alt. 7-10,000 ft., common.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft.
Leaves a foot in diam. in Khasia ; smaller in Bhotan until 2 in. diam. in Kumaon
glabrous on both surfaces, dotted on the lower. Petals ^-1 in. long, white or rose or
purplish, orbicular with a claw of variable length.
Fruit subglobose.
Styles very
long.
Carpels sometimes 3.
Var. 2. ciliata Boyle III. t. 49 (sp.) Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4915 H. f. $ T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 60 leaves hirsute on both surfaces. Nipal and Kumaon, alt.
6-8000 ft.; Boyle. T. Thomson, Edgeworth, Strachey and Winterbottom.
;

34. S. Stracheyi, H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 61 ; leaves obovate

scarcely cordate at base, pedicels and calyx pubescent or puberulous, calyx-teeth
oblong, often wider above their base, fruit-pedicels generally erect. ? S. ligulata,
var. 7., H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 61 ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 65.

Kumaon and Kashmir, alt. 8000-14,000 ft., common.

Leaves glabrous on both surfaces
margin either subentire ciliate, or crenateserrate.
Petals white or rose, or (according to a field note of Dr. Thomson's) yellow.
Fruit ovate-lanceolate. Styles long.
35. S. purpurascens, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 61 ; leaves
glabrous obovate entire, margins undulate, pedicels very pubescent, flowers nodding, calyx-lobes very obtuse.
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5066.

Sikxim, alt. 10-15,000 ft.; Lachen, J. D. H. Yakla Pass, C. B. Clarke

Leaves 2-3 in. diam., punctate beneath. Petals f in. long, obovate-oblong.
long.
Carpels elliptic-lanceolate. Fruit erect.
;

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

Tibet, stated to be near S. diapensoides

Saxifraga from Karnag
It is not described.
(Flora, 1872, 286) is quite unknown to me.
in

Styles

by Kurz

Vahlia.']

lii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

saxifragace^.

3.

VAHLIA,

399

Thanh.

Leaves opposite, entire ; stipules 0. Flowers axbiennial herbs.

Calyx-tube entirely adherent
usually geminate, subsessile or pedicelled.
to the ovary ; lobes 5, valvate, persistent in fruit. Petals 5, epigynous. Stamens
5, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 2 pendulous niany-ovuled placentas ;
styles 2, stigma capitellate.
Capsule dehiscing at the apex between the styles.
Distrib. Species 3 ; in tropical and
Seeds numerous, minute, ellipsoid, smooth.
subtropical Asia, and in tropical and South Africa.

Annual or

illary,

1. V. viscosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 89 ; flowers subsessile geminate or solitary in nearly all the upper axils, filaments with a minute hairy scale at the
base.
W. $ A. Prodr. 364 ; Wight Lc. t. 563 ; H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 383.
ii. 74 ; Dalz. 8> Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 90
V. sessiliflora,
Wall. Cat. 7188; DC. Prodr. iv. 54. V. Weldenii, Reich. Hort. Rot. t. 91 ; DC.
Prodr. iv. 53. Bistella geminiflora, Delile Centurie PL oVAfriq. No. 91, with a
Oldenlandia digyna, Retz Obs. iv. 23.
figure.
;

Dry places of India, from Ceylon to Bundelkund- and the Punjab, frequent.
Distrib. Persia, Egypt, tropical Africa.
Glandular-pubescent.
Stem 6-12 in. high, erect or diffuse, branched.
Leaves
^-1 in. long, subsessile, oblong, narrowed at both ends, ovate or lanceolate.
Petals
about in. long, white (ex Roxb. yellow), obovate. Stamens and styles about | in.
long in the Indian specimens, these parts much larger and the filaments pubescent in
the African var. Weldenii.
Capsule about in. diam., subglobose. This and the succeeding species when in fruit must be carefully distinguished from Oldenlandia which
has the capsule completely 2-celled. The leaves of Vahlia have often a connecting
line as if falsely stipulate. Mitreola which differs by its single style is also mixed with
Vahlia in Herbaria.

2. V. oldenlandioides, 'Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 89; peduncles |- in. long

from nearly all the upper axils mostly 2-flowered, filaments naked at the base.
W. 8f A. Prodr. 364 Wight Lll. t. 115 Lc. t. 562 H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn.
V. Oldenlandia?, DC. Prodr. iv. 54
>\,oc. ii. 74
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 384.
Wall. Cat. 7187. V. silenoides, DC. Prodr. iv. 54.
;

Tropical dry portion of the "Western Peninsula and Ceylon

Shuter, Perottet,
Roxburgh, Wight, &c. Distrib. Tropical Africa.
Stem 3-12 in. high, erect or diffuse, branched.
Glandular-pubescent upwards.
Calyx-lobes not exceeding the
Leaves \-1 in. long, subsessile, linear or linear-ovate.
Petals about in. long, white, obovate. Capsule about in. diam., subglobose.
tube.
;

4.

Slender erect herbs

TI A REZ.X. A,

root perennial.

Linn.

Leaves alternate

radical long-petioled

with large stipules adnate to base of petiole stipules of upper leaves small. Raceme terminal, subebracteate. Calyx shortly adnate to the ovary lobes 5, valvate.
Petals 5, white, or 0. Stamens 10; the 5 alternate with sepals sometimes without
anthers.
Ovary 1-celled of 2 carpels ending in two styles ovules numerous,
attached to two nearly basal placentas. Ripe carpels very unequal, diverging at top,
and dehiscing ventrally. Seeds 6-16, near the base of the fruit, ellipsoid, smooth.
Distrib. Species 5, one Himalayan and Japanese
the other 4 North
American.
;

1. T. polyphylla, Don Prodr. 210 ; stem-leaves several all petioled

cordate-ovate subpentagonal crenate-serrate, petals small linear or 0, fruit cernuous


400

saxifragace.

Lir.

Wall. Cat. 437

glabrous.

DC.

Prodr.

(C. B. Clarke.)
iv.

50

H.f.

[Tiarella.

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

74.

ii.

Temperate Central and Eastern Himalaya; from Bhotan to Nipal, alt.

Disteib. Japan.
8-11,000 ft.; Wallich, Griffith, J. D. H.,
Stem 6-18 in. high, pubescent. Leaves pilose on both surfaces, lower long-petiSepals in. long, whitish, glandular.
oled, blade 1-3 in. diam.
Petals when present
shorter than the sepals. Pipe carpels one \ in. long, the other in.

&c

CHSYSOSPLEN2U3K, Linn.

5.

damp or watery places. Leaves undivided,

petioled stipules 0. Floivers axillary and terminal, short-pedicelled, small, green
Calyx-tube adnate
or yellow, 4-merous in the Indian species, rarely 5-merous.
Petals 0.
Statnens 8 (or 4), subepigynous.
to the ovary ; lobes 4, imbricate.
Ovary 1 -celled, 2-lobed above ; styles sbort ; ovules numerous, attached to
Capsule half-superior, dehiscing
parietal placentae alternating with the stigmas.
Weak,

succulent herbs, growing in

Distrib. Species 22 North Europe,

at top crosswise.
Seeds small, ellipsoid.
nerica ; in the Andes to Magellan's Straits.
Asia (South to the Himalaya) and
;

Leaves opposite.

C. nepalense, Don Prodr. 210;

1.

glabrous, branched,

or in water

tufted, leaves ovate or subcordate obtuse crenate, flowers subsessile, seeds

shining chestnut-brown.
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 72 ;

smooth

Wall. Cat. 438; DC. Prodr. iv. 48; H. f. $ T. in

Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. Mel. Biol. ix. 766.

Temperate Himalaya; from Bhotan to Kumaon, alt. 7000-10,000 ft., frequent.

decumbent, weak species, with branches 6-8 in. long, closely resembling C. oppositifolium, L., which only differs in having its leaves entire or obsoletely crenate.
Maximowicz (in Bull. Acad. Petersb. Mel. Biol. ix. 767) has founded a new Himalayan species C. sulcatum, Maxim, on Wall. Cat. 438 which differs from C. nepalense
in having the seeds profoundly 12-sulcate but the examples of "Wall. Cat. 438 at Kew
exhibit the smooth seeds of C. nepalense.

&

trichospermum, Edgw. MSS.-, H. f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

glabrous, branched, leaves ovate or elliptic obtuse crenate, flowers shortly
pedicelled, seeds globose shining chestnut-brown covered with golden 1 -celled
linear papillae.
Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. Mel. Biol. ix. 767.
C.

2.

ii.

73

Temperate "Western Himalaya, alt. 7-8000

8000 ft., in Kumaon, Strach. Sf Winterbottom.

alt.

ft.

Edgeworth,

Madden

Dwali,

rather stouter plant than C. nepalense, the leaves - in. diam.

** Leaves alternate

plant glabrous.

alternifolium, Linn.

DC. Prodr. iv. 48 stem weak succulent

;
suberect 2-8 in. long, leafless (or 1-leaved) except at the base and the summit,
radical leaves long-petioled suborbicular crenate-lobed, flowers subsessile. Engl.
Bot. t. 54 H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 73
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 813
Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. Mel. Biol. ix. 760.
C.

3.

-,

Sikkim, alt. 12,000-15,000 ft. Kankola, J. D. if. Distrib. Alpine and Arctic
Europe, Asia and N. America.
Leaves \-% in. diam., oval or cordate, rounded at the top, floral leaves golden
yellow.
Seeds shining, smooth.
;

4.

2-4

carnosum, LL.f. Sf T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 73; tufted, stems

high erect thick leafy, radical leaves represented by short sheathing

C.

in.

CTmjsosplenium.']

saxipragace/E.

lii.

C. carnosuluru,

scales, flowers sessile.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Maxim,

401

in Bull. Acad. Peters., Mel. Biol.

ix. 757.

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 14-15,000 ft., Yeumtong and Kankola 'near the perpetual snow,' J. D. H.
Leaves about \ in.diam., glossy, very deep green, elliptic, obtuse, crenate-dentate.
Flowers lurid. Calyx segments purple. This may prove only an extreme form of

C. alter nifolium.
5. C. G-riffithii, H.f. # T.inJourn. Linn. Soc. ii. 74; stems 4-6 in.
high suberect, leafy at the summit, radical leaves represented by short sheathing
scales, leaves reniform-cordate deeply crenate-lobate, flowers pedicelled. Maxim.
in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel. Biol. ix. 759.

Bhotan

Griffith.

Leaves -1

in.

broad

lobes 6-16, very obtuse, often in. deep.

C. tenellum, H.f.

6.

procumbent interlacing

nu-

fy

smooth shining. Maxim,

Temperate Western Himalaya

Kumaon,

alt.

Stems 1-3

10,000

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

ii. 73; stems filiform

crenate-lobate, flowers
in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel.

leafy, leaves reniform cordate

scattered pedicelled, seeds

Biol. ix. 762.

in

Very near C.

Bunge.

dicaule,

Kedarkanta

in

Gtuuwhal, Boyle

Strachey $ Winterbottom.
Leaves in. broad, with 4-8 shallow lobes

Madhari Pass,

ft.,

in. long.

radical long-

petioled.

*** Leaves alternate; plant pubescent.

7.

3-8
long

lanuginosum, H.

C.

in.

high erect

elliptic slightly

Biol. ix. 760.

Eastern

7-9000

ft.,

Whole

stem
f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 74
corymb loose terminal sparingly leafy, leaves 1-2 in.
crenate. 0. adoxoides, Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel.
;

leafy,

Saxifraga adoxioides, Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat.

Himalaya;

Bhotan,

alt.

7500-8000

ft.,

t.

570.
Sikkim,

Griffith.

alt.

T. Anderson, C. B. Clarke.

and with brown-red wool. Corymb, when well developed,

with leaf-like bracts at a few of the divisions. Sometimes stunted and
more compact.
2-3

plant pubescent

in. across,

6.

PARNASSIA,

Linn.

Glabrous perennial scapigerous herbs.

Scape angular, 1-flowered, often
bearing one leaf in the middle, more rarely naked or with several leaves. Leaves
entire, radical long-petioled.
Calyx-tube free or adnate to the ovary, the lobes
Petals 5, white or pale yellow.
Stamens 5, perigynous or nearly
5, imbricate.
hypogynous, alternate with 5 large staminodes.
Ovary 1-celled style short
with 3-4 (or 5) nearly simple stigmas ovules numerous attached to the parie;

the stigmas.
Capsule superior or half-inferior, loculicidally 3-4-valved. Seeds many, obovoid or subcylindric, smooth, testa sometimes
lax ; albumen hardly any ; (in which point Parnassia differs from the character
of the order Saxifrayacece and is therefore placed by some authors elsewhere).
Distrib. Northern temperate hemisphere, extending south to the mountains of
the Indian Peninsula. Species 12.
tal placentae opposite

Sect. I. Nectarodroson.
bearing processes.
Petals entire.

Staminodes ending in numerous long gland-

1. P. palustris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 320 : leaves cordate at the base,

cauline usually solitary, processes of the staminodes 7-21. Eng. Bot. t. 82
Bois. Fl. Orient, ii. 814 ; Drude. in Liancea, xxxix. 307.
VOL. II.
DD


402

lii.

Western
B. Clarke.

in Baltistan, alt.
regions.

Skardo
Distrib. Falconer
Subalpine and subarctic
;

[Pamassia.

(C. B. Clarke.)

saxifragace^:.

Tibet,

7500

ft.

T.

Tlwmson, C.

Stamens nearly hypogynous. Carpels 4.

Petals ovate-elliptic with a broad claw.
Seeds
Capsule superior or nearly so, oblong-elliptic, much longer than the sepals.
cylindric testa loosely reticulate.
;

Fimb rip et alum.

Sect. II.
bearing processes.
2.

Staminodes ending in several long gland-

Petals fimbriate.

4-8
f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 79 ; stem with
ending in 3 long processes each tipped with a distinctly clubbed
P. foliosa and P. Numniularia, Drude in Linneea, xxxix. 313.

P. foliosa, H.

leaves, staminodes

gland.

5000-6000 ft., Moflong to Syung and at Nonkrem, J. D. H. and

West China and Japan.
Stem 8-12 in. high. Radicalteaws orbicular, deeply cordate. Sepals patent or
reflexed. Petals ovate above a short claw, fimbriated around their whole edge. Carpels 4.
Capsule superior or nearly so, long-ellipsoid, much longer than the sepals.
Drude states he had no specimen of P. foliosa. Kew possesses both P. foliolosa
collected by H. f. & T., and P. Nummularia collected by Maximowicz
the two are

Khasia Mts.,

T. Thomson.

alt.

Distrib.

identical.

Staminodes at the vertex 3- (rarely 6-)

Sect. HI. Nectarotrilobos.
Stem 1- (or 0-) leaved.
lobed, the lobes short or cylindric, not linear.
*

Capsule triquetrous, superior or nearly

so.

P. "Wig-htiana, Wall, in W. fy A. Prodr. 35 petals

margins much fimbriate, staminodes 3-5-lobed, lobes cylindric

obovate-oblong
(or in the Nilghiri plant) thickened at the top, capsule 3-celled superior, obcordate.
Wall.
Cat. 3755 ; Wight. III. t. 21 ; Ic. t. 945 ; Am. in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii.
315; H.f. 8r T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.W. 80; Drude in Linneea, xxxix. 314. P.
ornata, Wall. Cat. 1247 ; Am. in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii. 315. P. Schmidii,
Zenker PL Ind. t. 5.
3.

Nilghiri Mts.,
lieh.

Kumaon,

7000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-6000 ft. Himalaya," WalH.f. # T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. Distrib. Yunan and in-

alt,

fide

terior of China.

Stem 8-18

(at least in the

Leaves often l in., reniform or oval, deeply cordate. Petals

Khasia plant) light yellow. Placenta near the base of the capsule.

Seeds ellipsoid

testa reticulate, not very lax.

in. high.

P. mysorensis, Heyne

in W. fy A. Prodr. 35; petals obovateoblong, margins not or obscurely fimbriate, staminodes 3-lobed, lobes cylindric
or dilated upwards, capsule 3-celled superior obcordate.
Wall. Cat. 3754
Wight Hi. t. 21 ; Am, in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii. 315 ; H. f. $ T. in Journ.
Linn, Soc. ii. 80 ; Drude in Linneea, xxxix. 317.
4.

Eastern Himalaya; Sikkim, alt, 8000-12,000 ft. Lachen and Yeumtong, J. D. H.

Mts. of ths Western Peninsula. Khasia Mts. alt. 3500-5500 ft.
Stem 3-8 in. high. Leaves \-% in. diam., reniform, deeply cordate. Petals small,
;

Seeds small, ellipsoid

white.

testa

somewhat laxly

reticulate.

** Capsule half-inferior.

P. nub ic ola,

Wall, in Wight

21; margins of petals not (or

upwards 3-lobed, capsule in.
long obconic below subhemispheric above, style very short or 0.
Wall. Cat.
]246 ; Am. in Comp. Hook. Pot. Mag. ii. 315; H.f. $. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 81 ; Drude in Linneea, xxxix. 315.
5.

III.

t.

slightly) fimbriate, staminodes broadly dilated

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from Sikkim

frequent.

to

Kashmir,

alt.

6000-12,000

ft.,

;;

JParnassia.']

lii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

saxifragaceje.

403

Stem 4-18 in. high, subalate with 4-5 ridges under the fruit. Leaves 1-2 (sometimes 3) in., ovate or cordate, oblong. Petals ^ in. long, white, obovate.
Carpels
and stigmas 3 (Drude says 4 but they are nearly invariably 3 in the Kew plentiful
examples). Seeds obovoid-ellipsoid, smooth testa reticulate, not lax.
;

P. ovata,

6.

(or slightly)

Ledcb. in

Mem. Acad.

Petersb. v.

528 margins of petals not

upwards 3-lobed, capsule
;

fimbriate, staminodes broadly dilated

long obconic below subhemispheric above, style manifest

in. long.
i. 320 ; Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 242; Fl. Boss. i. 263
H.f. # T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 82 Drude in Linncea, xxxix. 320. P. Turczaninovii,
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 263; Drude, I. c. 321. P. affinis, H. f. $ T. I. c. ii. 81

in.

DC. Prodr.

Drude,
Ross.

c. 317. P. Laxmanni, Pall, in Roem.

264.
P. trinervis, Drude, I. c. 322.

I.

i.

Sch. Syst. vi.

696; Ledeb. Fl.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 8000-15,000 ft.,
Distrib. Altai Mts.
Stem 3-8 in. high. Leaves - in., ovate or ovate-oblong, often cordate cauline
usually solitary in the lower half of the stem. Petals i-J in. long, spathulate-obTesta of the seed close (Drude). This differs from P
ovate.
Carpels 3, rarely 4.
P. cabulica,
nubicola by the smaller size of all its parts and the manifest style.
Planch in Herb. Griffith, differs by the stems being usually leafless. P. subacaulis,
Kar. & Kir. differs by the leaves being oblong narrowed at their base it was collected by Dr. Henderson near Yarkand, and appears in his list No. 136 under the
name P. maisorensis.
frequent.

7. P. pusilla, Wall, ex H.f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 81 ; margins

of petals slightly fimbriate or quite entire, staminodes with a very short claw
hardly longer than broad dilated upwards 3-lobed, capsule ^ in. long obovoidellipsoid adnate about its length, style manifest
in. long.
Wall. Cat. 1245
Am. in Wight. III. p. 45 and in Comp. Hook. Rot. Mag. ii. 315 ; Drude in
Linncea, ix. 318.

Axpine Himalaya fromSixxiM to Kxjnawur, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Wallich, J. D. H.,

Munro, &c.
Stem l-2 in. long. Leaves - in., reniform or ovate-cordate cauline leaf usually
;

Petals ^-f in. long, obovate.

one, often in the upper half of the stem.
Carpels 3.
This species should probably be
Seeds ellipsoid, smooth ; testa reticulate not lax.
estimated an alpine var. of P. ovata, from which it differs in its stunted size and

shorter staminodes.

Sect.

IV.

Saxifrag*astrum.

Staminodes cylindric, undivided at the

vertex.
8. P. tenella, H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 80
petals
green-white reflexed obovate, capsule ^ in. long obcordate triquetrous.
in Linncea, xxxix. 323.
;

long
Di-ude

in.

Sikkim Himalaya alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. Lachen and Lachoong, J. D. H.

Stem 2-5 in. long, weak. Kadical feaves | in. broad, reniform, margin minutely erose;
petiole with adnate fimbriate stipules at the base
cauline usually 1, cordate-ovate.
Staminodes thick, cylindric, glandulose, clavate at its summit. Styles 3, short, but
Seeds (immature) of the genus.
manifest.
;

7.

HYDRANGEA, Linn.

Large shrubs or trees, in their young state often subscandent with smaller
Corymbs terminal, with deciduous bracts. Flowers all fertile and small,
leaves.
or the exterior flowers of the corymb sterile apetalous with the calyx-lobes petaD d 2

V'


404

lit.

saxifragace-e.

[Hydrangea.

(C. B. Clarke.)

and greatly enlarged. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb 4-5-fid. Petals
Stamens 8-10, subepigynous. Ovary inferior styles 2 -4 ovules
4-5, valvate.
Capsule 2-4-celled, dehiscing at the apex between the
very numerous, axile.
Distrib.
styles.
Seeds minute, shortly tailed at each end, very numerous.
Species 33 from Java to the Himalaya and Japan (the centre of the genus),
loid

Eastern N. America, Western S. America.

The

seeds of Hydrangea are described

by many authors, as by the accurate Maxi-

mowicz, as alate. The seed in its inner coat is a perfectly smooth ellipsoid the
outer coat is a loose long cylindric sack, in the middle of which the nucleus lies as the
seed ripens the empty ends of the sack wither and contract whence results a seed
tailed at each end.'
;

* F?'uit truncate at top, petals falling

off in

a cap,

styles very generally not

always separate.

K. altissima,

Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 50; leaves glabrous except

hairs in the axils of the main nerves beneath which hairs someWall. Cat. 439 ; DC.
times are continued along the \eins also, stamens 10.
Prodr. iv. 14 ; H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75 ; Brand. For. Fl. 211.
1.

tufts of

brown

Temperate Himalaya from Gurwhat, to Bhotan, alt. 4000-8000 ft. (10,000 ft.
D. H.), frequent.
A spreading shrub, 8-15 ft. high, branchlets glabrous. Leaves 3-6 in., ovateusually finely (somelanceolate, sometimes cordate, sometimes narrow-lanceolate
times more coarsely) serrate or entire except near the apex upper petioles often
winged and woolly-hairy. Corymb pilose. ~\<wer-buds conical, acute, but the calyptra-like corolla by the rapid swelling of the stamens becomes hemispheric before
falling.
Sepals of the radiate flowers usually entire sometimes waved or slightly
Capsule subhemispheric, compressed, broader than long. H. scandens,
toothed.
Maxim., which includes several Japanese species, only differs by having 15 stamens
and rather larger buds.
in Sikkim, J.

** Fruit truncate at top, petals expanding.

2. K. robusta, H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 76 ; leaves large ovate
or cordate at base adpressedly brown-hirsute on the nerves beneath and minutely
tessellated with white hairs along the tesselations but not tomentose, styles normally 2. H. cyanema, Nutt. in Hot. Mag. t. 5038.

Temperate Eastern Himalaya

Sikkim and Bhotan,

alt.

5000-8000

ft.,

frequent

D. H., &c.
A spreading shrub, 8-15 ft. high; branchlets hairy or pubescent. Leaves up to
9 in., from narrow oblong to broad cordate, the base never acute, serrate (usually
coarsely), upper surface with scattered hairs, and adpressedly brown pilose along the
nerves upper petioles often winged, sometimes incise-serrate and subruncinate. Corymb
Sepals of the radiate flowers sharply serrate or crenate or undulate. Petals
hirsute.
and stamens blue. Styles not rarely 3. Capsules subhemispheric, compressed, broader
than long.
Var. Griffitkii; upper leaves narrowed into the petiole, with scattered bristly
hairs on the nerves beneath smooth not tesselated between them.
Eastern Bhotan,
Griffith, J.

Griffith.

3. K. aspera, Don Prodr. 211 ; leaves long-lanceolate generally narrowed

into the petiole, under surface with grey woolly hair, styles normally 3.
If. f.
# T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75: H. vestita var. fimbriata, Wall. Cat. 440 /3 ;
'

DC.

Prodr.

iv. 14.

alt. 6000-7000 ft.

Sikkim, Lachen, J. D. H.
Nipal,
Wallich
Kumaon, Upper Tola, Strachey $ Winterbottom.
Arboreous, sometimes 20 ft. high, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in.,

Temperate Himalaya,
;

Hydrangea.]

lii.

saxifragace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

405

upper surface with scattered minute

hairs, lower microscopically mealy punctate and

densely clothed with long white hairs petiole of the uppermost leaves not at all or
hut slightly winged. Corymb hirsute. Sepals of the radiate flowers usually serrate
or toothed, sometimes quite entire.
Capsule hemispheStyles not rarely 4, rarely 2.
ric, obscurely trigonous or subquadrate.
;

*** Capsule crowned with a disc formed by the base

of the normally 3 styles,
petals expanding.

X. vestita,

Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 49; leaves densely pubescentWall. Cat. 440 a. DC. Prodr. iv. 14, excluding var. /3.
H.f ty T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75 Maxim, in Mem. Acad.
Petersb. x. No. 16. p. 10.
H. heteromalla, Don Prodr. 211 DC. Prodr. iv. 15.
H. Khasiana, H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 75.
4.

tomentose beneath, styles short.

Temperate Himalaya from Bhotan

Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-5500 ft.

to

Kumaon,

8000-10,000

alt.

ft.

frequent.

ft. high;
branchlets hairy.
Leaves 4-9 in., ovate or oblong,
sometimes cordate upper surface with scattered hairs, lower tessellated
and densely clothed with white densely papillose hairs. Corymb hirsute. Sepals of

Arborescent, 15

serrate, base

the radiate flowers entire.

Styles occasionally 4.

5. H. stylosa, H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

nerves beneath pubescent, styles long subulate.

ii.

75; leaves glabrous,

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8000 ft., Lachen, J. D. H.

Branches and branchlets puberulous. Leaves 2 in., serrate,
the base.

Corymb

pilose.

elliptic,

narrowed at

Sepals of the radiate flowers crenate-dentate.

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

* H. anomala, Don Prodr. 211 DC. Prodr. iv. 15 ; leaves sinuate-crenate nearly
Of this no speglabrous ovate rounded at the base 4 in., radiate flowers 0. Nipal.
cimen exists at Kew. Perhaps it is but a synonym of H. altissima. H. f. & T. (in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 76) reduce it to Dichroa, but that has not ovate leaves rounded
at the base.
;

8.

PILEOSTEGIA,

glabrous shrub with the habit of

Leaves coriaceous, petioled, obovate-oblong,
lobes 4
Cali/x-tube adnate to the ovary
Stamens 8 or
vate, falling off in a cap.
;

H.f $

T.

Viburnum and decussate branches.

entire, persistent.

or 5, imbricate.

Panicles terminal.
Petals 4 or 5, val-

Ovary

10, subepigynous.

inferior,

4-6-celled ; style thick, surmounted by a thicker truncate pyramid the 4-6

Seeds
angles of which are stigmatic ovules numerous, elongate, pendulous.
(immature) numerous, testa an elongate cylindric sack at the apex of which
lies the nucleus.
;

P. viburnoides, H.
in Mem. Acad. Petersb.

1.

Maxim,

Khasia Mts.,

Distrib.

alt.

3000-5000

f $
No.

x.
ft.

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

Griffith; T.

Lobb

76,

Nnnklow, J.D.H.

Japan, Formosa.
Leaves 3-5 in. Panicle with a few linear-lanceolate bracts \
small filaments elongate, - in. long.

son.

ii.

t.

ii.

16. p. 18.

in.

long.

<5f

Thom-

Flowers


406

Lii.

saxifragaceje.

9.

(C. B. Clarke.)

DICHROA,

;;

[Dichrua.

Lour.

Panicle terminal.
shrub. Leaves opposite, serrate, lanceolate, persistent.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary limb 5-6-toothed. Petals 5 or 6, thickish, valvate, blue or purplish. Stamens 10 or 12, epigynous. Ovary f -inferior, 1-celled;
styles 3-5
ovules numerous, on 3-5 parietal placentae formed by the inflexed
margins of the carpels. Berry ^-inferior, blue. Seeds numerous, small, obovoid ;
;

testa

with large reticulations.

D. febrifug-a,

301; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 128;

D. cyanitis and D. latifolia,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 721, 722. Adamia versicolor, Fortune in Jown. Hort.
A. cyanea, Wall. Cat. 441 Tent.
Lindl. $ Paxt. Fl. Gard. i. t. 5.
Soc. i. 298
Fl. Nep.t. 36; PL As. Par. t. 213 Bot. May. t. 3046 DC. Prodr. iv. 16; H.
f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 76. A. chinensis, Gardn. fy Champ, in Kexo Journ.
Cyanitis sylvatica, Reimo. in Blame Bijd. 921
Bot. i. 311.
DC. Prodr. iv.
1.

Maxim,

in

Mem. Acad.

Lour.

Fl.

Petersb. x.

Cochinch.

No. 16,

p. 2.

16.

Temperate Himalaya from Bhotan to Nipal, alt. 5000-8000 ft., abundant.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft. Disthib. Java, China, Philippines.
Stems 5-9 ft. high, somewhat virgate. Leaves 3-8 in., tapering into the petiole,
pubescent or puberulous on the nerves, otherwise glabrous, usually narrow, somePetals
in. long.
Berry finally an intense blue. The
times obovate-lanceolate.
Chinese varieties have larger flowers than the Indian.

DEUTZIA,

10.

Thunb.

Shrubs with opposite branches and

stellate pubescence.
Leaves opposite
Flowers white, corymbose in the InCalyx-tube adnate to the ovary; teeth 5, small.
Petals 5.
dian species.
Stamens 10, subepigynous, filaments broadly winged the wing often ending
upwards in a tooth on each side. Ovary inferior, 3-5-celled styles 3-5, long
Capsule 3-5-celled, hemispheric or ovoid from a
ovules numerous, axile.
rounded base, truncate at the summit, at length septicidal. Seeds minute,
numerous, obovoid-ellipsoid testa reticulate, a little longer than the nucleus,
appearing at last as a short stalk at its base, as a point at its summit. Distrib.
Species 7, Himalaya to North China and Japan and one outlier in Mexico.

serrate, ovate or lanceolate, deciduous.

1. D. corymbosa, Br. in Boyle HI. t. 46; petals obovate imbricate,

calyx teeth short triangular, calyx-tube with scattered stellate hairs, corymbs
many flowered, Wall. Cat. 3652 H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 83, excluding synonyms in Bot. Reg. Brand. For. Fl. 212 Maxim, in Mem. Acad.
Petersb. x. No. 16, p. 32.
? D. parviflora, Bunge Enum. PI.
Chin., p. 30
Maxim, in. Mem. Acad. Petersb. x. No. 16, p. 33, with figures. Philadelphus
(Leptospermum) corymbosus, Wail, in Herb.
;

Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir

to Bhotan, alt. 6000-10,000 ft., frequent.

China, Mantcburia, Amurland.
Leaves 1-2 in., oblong or elliptic lanceolate on the under surface the stellate
hairs are often few, sometimes thickly scattered, not matted into tomentum in the
mature leaves under surface sometimes prominently reticulate.
Petals glabrous or
stellately pubescent.
Maximowicz 1. c. keeps the Chinese D. parviflora still distinct
by the puberulous smaller petals, the shorter teeth to the wing of the filament, the
leaves more prominently reticulate beneath, &c, none of which distinctions appear
to hold in the large Kew collection.
The name corymbosa can only be preferred to
parviflora if Brown's naming in Wallich's distribution be reckoned publication.

Distrib.


Deutzia.]

lii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

saxifragaceji.

407

amine

2. Z>. st
a, Br. in Wall. PL As. Rar. 82, t. 191 ; petals oblong
induplicate-valvate, corymbs many-flowered, calyx-tube hoary tomentose with
stellate hairs, teeth short triangular.
Wall. Cat. 8651 ; Pot. Peg. xxxiii. t.
13 ; H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 83 ; Prandis Forest Fl. 212 ; Maxim,
in Mem. Acad. Petersb. x. No. 16, p. 29.
D. Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 3650. D.
corymbosa, Lindl. Pot. Reg. xxvi. t. 5.
Leptospermum stamineum and L.
scabrum, Wall, in Herb.

Temperate Western Himalaya to Kashmir,

alt.

5000-9000

ft.,

common.

The

specimens collected by Sir J. D. Hooker in Sikkim and East Nipal and named D.
staminca should be referred to D. corymbosa.
Leaves 1-2 in., oblong- or elliptic-ianceolate, grey tomentose beneath with stellate
hairs.
3. X>. macrantha, H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 84; petals f in.
long oblong induplicate-valvate, corymb large 8-flowered, calyx-tube with stellate tomentum, teeth linear.

"Western Himalaya

Ktjmaon,

alt.

5500

ft.

below Binsur, Strachey

Winter-

bottom.

Leaves 4 in., elliptic-lanceolate from a rounded base, acuminate, with close scattered stellate hairs on both surfaces.

11.

PHILADELPHUS, Linn.

Leaves opposite, deciduous.

Shrubs with opposite branches.
Calyx-tubs
adnate to the ovary lobes 4 (rarely 5), valvate. Petals 4 (rare 5) roundish,
Stamens 20-40, subepigynous, filaments subulate. Ovary
convolute in bud.
inferior, 3-5-celled ; styles 8- 5, filiform, free or combined at the base
ovules
Capsule inferior, corky, 3-5-celled, turbinate from
numerous, axile, pendulous.
a narrow funnel-shaped base, the summit shortly conical, at length loculicidal.
Distrib. Species 8 central
Seeds numerous, oblong, testa loosely reticulated.
Europe, the Himalaya, Japan and N. America.
;

1.

P. coronarius, Linn

var.

tomentosus

leaves

hairy beneath,

margins densely hairy or glabrous except a few marginal hairs. P. tomentosus,

Royle III. t. 4 H.f. # T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 83. P.
Wall. Cat. 3563
triflorus, Wall, and P. nepalensis, Loud, ex Maximov. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb.
No. 16, 36. P. coronarius, Brand. For. Fl. 212.
;

Temperate Himalaya
Gturwhal and Ktjmaon.

from Kashmir to Bhotan,

alt.

5000-9000

ft.

frequent in

Leaves l-3 in., ovate-lanceolate, serrate petiole in.

Cymes few-flowered,
Calyx-teeth, elongate-triangular,
often with linear bracts ^ in. long; pedicels -\-^ in.
Petals - in. long, white.
Capsule | in. long. The typical P. coronarius
acute.
(of which Zeyheri, Jloribundus, verrucosus, latifolius, and many others are varieties)
is a native of Europe and the East, extending to North China and Japan.
;

12.

ITEA,

Linn,

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, glabrous, glandular-dentate or

Racemes axillary and terminal, long, many-flowered. Calyx-tube adnate to

crenate.

base of the ovary, lobes 5. Petals 6, oblong, perigynous, white, valvate. Stamem 5, perigynous. Ovary -^--superior, ^-celled style slurt, simple: ovules
:


408

lii.

saxifragace,*:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Ilea.

many, axile.
Capsule ^-superior, conical or elongate, many-seeded, splitting
through the dissepiments and the style. Seeds elongate, testa loose more or less
Distrib. Species 5, the Himalaya, Indian Archipelago,

produced at each end.

Japan, Virginia.

macrophylla,

Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 419; leaves large

on the pedicel between the calyxWall. Cat. 7200 ; DC. Prodr.
teeth, calyx-tube in fruit somewhat campanulate.
Kurrimia ?, Wall. Cat. 7200.
iv. 6; H.f. 8r T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77.
1.

X.

rounded at the base,

petals closely reflexed

Subtropical Eastern Himalaya Bhotan and Sikxim, alt. 1000-4000 ft., Griffith,
Khasia Mts., alt. 2000-4000 ft., frequent. Distrib. Java.
small tree. Leaves often 6 by 3 in., broadly ovate, acute, glandular-denticulate, but sometimes not larger than in /. chinensis nor more rounded at the base.
Racemes 1-3 from several upper axils, usually shorter than the lea\es, and like the
calyx-tube puberulous.
Capside -f in. long, the bases of the carpels clearly sunk
below the limb of the calyx- tube the calyx -teeth finally wear off.
;

Gamble.

leaves usually
2. I. chinensis, Hook. $ Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 89, t. 39
narrowed at the base, petals erect persistent often appressed to the fruit, calyx-?
tube in fruit turbinate or conical. H. f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 129.
;

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4000-5000

ft.,

WaUich,

&cDistrib.

China,

Hong Kong,

Formosa, &c.

shrub. Leaves usually 3 or 4 in., oblong, narrowed at both ends, glandulardenticulate, but sometimes 6 in. by 2 in. and exactly resembling those of 7. macrophylla. Racemes 1-2 from several upper"* axils, about as long as the leaves, and
like the calyx-tube puberulous.
Capsule - in., bases of the carpels hardly sunk

below the calyx-tube

3.

Z.

nutans,

calyx-teeth persistent, suberect.

Boyle III. 226 petals erect subpersistent, calyx-tube in

racemes solitary terminal elongate much longer than
T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77 Brand. For. Fl. 213.
;

fruit hemispherical hairy,

the leaves.

H. f. #

Gurwhal and Kxjmaon,

alt. 3000-5000 ft., Royle, &c.

shrub. Leaves 3-5 in., elliptic-oblong, acute, glandular-denticulate.
long; calyx-teeth persistent, erect.

A
I in.

13.

Capsule

POLYOSMA, Blume.

Evergreen trees, branchlets petioles and inflorescence pubescent. Leaves opposite or subopposite, petioled, acuminate.
Flowers in terminal racemes (in
some non-Indian species solitary) 3-bracteolate. Calyx-tube entirely adnate to
the ovary; lobes 4, small, persistent.
Petals 4, epigynous, linear, valvate,
white yellowish or greenish expanding by recurving, fugacious, very hairy
within.
Stamens 4, epigynous, filaments hairy. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled style
columnar, stigma simple ovules numerous, ascending, on two parietal placentae
;

which

Fi-uit sub-baccate,
project considerably into the cavity of the ovary.
Seed ascending, subbasal. Distrib. Species 6, extending from East
Bengal through Malaya to tropical Australia and its islands.
1 -seeded.

P. fragrans, Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. p. 196; leaves entire obovate-lancecdrying green, flowers sessile, fruits (ex Miq.) small globose rostellate.
H.

1.

late

Polyosma.~\
f. Sf

lii.

saxifkagacej5.

(C. B. Clarke.)

409

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, pt. i. 724 ; Suppl.
Itea fragrans, Wall, in JRo.rb. Fl. Ind. ii. 420 ; Wall. Cat. 8472, partly.
;

336.

i.

Singapore, Wallich. Distrib. Sumatra.

Bark of the twigs not lenticellate. Leaves 2-4 in., usually pubescent on the
nerves on both surfaces. Lower flowers on the raceme \ in. long, quite sessile, yellowish.

P. integrifolia, Blume

leaves entire or denticulate, lanBijd. 659

narrowed at both ends drying black, flowers shortly pedicelled, fruits
- in. long smooth ellipsoid acute at both ends. Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. p. 196
DC. Prodr. iv. 276 Blume Mus. Bot. i. 260 H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 77
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 724 Suppl i. 335. Itea fragrans, Wall. Cat.
.

2.

ceolate

P. Wallichii, Kurz For. Fl. Brit.

8472, partly.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

3000-4000

Malay Peninsula,

Griffith.

ft.,

De

Griffith,

Silva, J.

Burm.

444.

i.

D. H., and T. Thomson.

Andamans,

Maingay.

Wallich,

Assam,
Kurz.

Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

A tree 60 ft. high (Blume) bark of the twigs lenticellate. Leaves often 6-8 in.,
usually pubescent on the nerves beneath. Lower flowers of the raceme - in. long
pedicels
Very near to P. ilicifolia, Blume (remarks Mr. Kurz in Journ.
in.
As. Soc, 1876, pt. ii. 308) but the flowers are smaller and more hairy, the fruit
larger, and the leaves longer and more acuminated.
In both Var. 1 and Var. 2 the
leaves are sometimes very hairy beneath.
Var. 1. ti/pica; leaves quite entire.
Var. 2. Wallichii, Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. p. 196 Wall. Cat. 8471
H. f. $ T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 77 leaves denticulate.
;

^-^

3. P. mutabilis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 261

leaves leathery narrow-obovate acute drying green- yellow, flowers pedicelled very tomentose, fruit \ in.
long ovoid obscurely rugose ultimately nearly glabrous. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Suppl i. 336. P. lsetevirens, Griff. MSS.
;

Malay Peninsula

Maingay.

Distrib.

Java, Sumatra.
branches and leaves variable
in their pubescence (even more than in P. integrifolia) from dense woolly to nearly
glabrous.
Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 \ in., quite entire, rarely obscurely glandular-denticulate
upper surface sometimes softly hairy, sometimes shining and glabrous,
lower always hairy. Pedicels ~-|- in. long, woolly. Flowers \-^ in. long. Fruit
erect on the pedicels, the bracteoles remaining horizontal become very prominent.
P. Icetevirens Griff, is here reduced to P. ?nutabilis, Blume, from Blume's description

tree 22

ft.

Malacca,

Griffith,

high, with a thick trunk (Maingay)

only.

14.

RISES,

Linn.

Prickly or unarmed shrubs. Floivers often unisexual. Pedicels bracteate at

Calyx adnate to the ovary with 4-5
the base and 2-bracteolate at the middle.
epigynous lobes, or the calyx-tube produced above the ovan\ Petals 4-5, small,
epigynous, white yellow red or purple-black.
Stamens 4-5, epigynous. Ovary
inferior, 1-celled styles 2, free or connate, stigmas simple ovules numerous, on
2 parietal placentas. Berry oblong or globose, crowned with the calyx, severalseeded.
Distkib. Species 56; temp. Europe, Asia, N. America, and the
;

Andes.
Sect.

I.

G-rossularia.

Peduncles 1-3-flowered.

Pricklv.

410

(C. B. Clarke.)

ill SAXiFRAGACEj;.

[Bihes.

1. R. Grossularia, Linn
Wall. Cat. 6835 and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
515 Enq. Lot. t. 1292 II. f. $ T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 86 Bom. Fl. Orient.
ii. 815
Brand. For. Fl. 213. K. Himalensis, Roylelll. 225. R. alpestre, Bene,
;

in Jacq. Jroy. Bot.

t.

75.

Alpine Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 9000-12,000 ft.;

the Atlas, Greek and* Caucasus
frequent.
Distrib. North and Alpine Europe
;

ranges.
Prickles usually 3 beneath each axil stems smooth or with numerous prickly
setae. .Lcawssuborbicular, obtusely 3-5-lobed, the lobes incise-crenate, somewhat vilPeduncles usually solitary. Calyx-tube long, produced above the fruit.
lous beneath.
Berry $ in. long, oblong, inedible in the Indian plant.
;

Sect. II.
*

Ribesia.

Flowers raceuied.

Unarmed.

Calyx-tube hardly produced above the fruit.

R.

orientale, Foir. Diet. Suppl. ii. 856 ; sticky glandular and minutely
hairy, leaves round-reniform crenate obscurely 3-5-lobed, bracts \ in. long, linear
often exceeding the pedicels, berry in. long yellow or reddish glandular-pubes2.

cent.

Boiss. Fl.

Orient,

Dene, in Jacq. Toy. Bot.

losum, Wall. Cat. 6832

t.
;

817; Brand. For. Fl. 214. R. leptostachyum,

76 H. f. T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 86. R. viland in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 514. R. glutinosum, Jacq.

ii.

Journ.

Kashmir and Baltistan, alt. 8000-12,000 ft. : Jacquemont, Munro, Boyle, &c.
Distrib. Cabul, Persia, Armenia, Asia Minor and Greece.
shrub 6 ft. high, polygamo-dicecious. Learns \-\\ in. diam. Racemes erect,
somewhat dense in flower, lax and pendent in fruit. Flowers small, greenish. B. heterotrichum, Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 235, only differs by the eglandular fruits and
there is a whole series of closely allied species from the Altai to Persia.

stem glabrous, leaves

3. R. glaciale, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 513
glabrous or with scattered hairs above, bracts \- in. linear-lanceolate usually
much exceeding the pedicels, calyx-segments oblong, berries \ in. long glabrous
or minutely pubescent.
Wall. Cat. 6833 H. f. 6/ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
ii. 88 ; Brand. For. Fl. 214.
R. acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 6834.
;

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, fromBHOTAN

common and

Kashmir,

to

alt.

7000-12,000

ft.

often epiphytic.

Polygamo-dicecious.
Leaves 1-2 in., cordate, 3-5-lobed, crenate-serrate, the
middle lobe often elongate
or simple, cordate-ovate, acuminate, sometimes 4^
Racemes pubescent, sometimes elongate. Flowers brownish or pink. Var.
in. long.
2. laciniatum, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 87 (sp.), differs by the calyxsegments lanceolate. (The leaves are often not more laciniate than in examples of
R. glaciale.)
;

4. R. desmocarpura, H.
f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 87 ; stem
glabrescent, leaves softly pubescent beneath, bracts \-\ in. long linearlanceolate often exceeding the pedicels, calyx-segments ovate-oblong obtuse,

berry \

in.

long glandular-pubescent.

Sikkim and Bhotax, alt. 8500-10,000 ft. Griffith Lachen in Sikkim, J. D. H.

Leaves 1-4 in., cordate, 3-5-lobed, crenate-serrate, the lobes often
Dioecious.
Racemes pubescent, often elongate.
elongate.
Flowers brownish. Very near R.
glaciale, Wall., differing chiefly by its very hairy berries.
;

5. R. luridum, H.f. 8c T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 87 ; branchlets and

leaves glabrous, bracts \ in. long, spatlmlate-oblong much exceeding the pedicels,
calyx-lobes lanceolate, berries glabrous small less than in. long.
-J-


Kibes.]

saxifragace^j.

lii.

(0. B. Clarke.)

411

Suoum Himalaya,

alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. ; Lachen, J. D. H.

high, with erect twigs, polygamo-dioecious.
Leaves 3-5-lobed, 1 by
\\ in., lobes crenate-serrate. Racemes pubescent, erect in fruit, short. Flowers subCalyx-tube of the flower subcampanulate. Very near R. glaciate
sessile, chestnut.
the leaves are in general outline subreniform while those of R. glaciate usually have
.the middle lobe elongate and acuminate.

A shrub,

ft.

** Calyx-tube produced above the fruit.

6. It. nigrum, Linn.
DC. Prodr. iii. 481 branches and leaves nearly
glabrous, racemes pubescent long pendulous, bracts -- in. long narrow, berry
Eng. Bot. t. 1291 H. f. Sf T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 88 Boiss. jfl.
black.
Orient, ii. 815 ; Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel. Biol. ix. 222 ; Brand.
For. Fl. 215.

T.

Temperate Western Himalaya from Ktjnawar to Kashmir, alt. 7000-12,000 ft..

Distrib. North Europe and North Asia.
Leaves in the Kashmir examples not always punctate beneath. Racemes long,

Thomson.

pendulous

no solitary peduncle at their base.

Pedicels long.

Flowers green.

leaves pubescent
7. R. G-riffithii, H.f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 88
on the nerves beneath, racemes 3-6 in. long flexuose pendent very lax, bracts
;

-i

in.

long linear-lanceolate exceeding the pedicels, berry \

in.

long glabrous

red.

Eastern Himalaya; Biiotan, alt. 7500 ft,, Griffith. Sikkim, alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.,
D. H.
An erect shrub 8 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in., 5-lobed lobes acuminate or caudate,
sharply serrate.
Calyx-tube in flower and in young fruit broadly campanulate.
J.

8. R. rubrum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iii. 481; branchlets glabrous, racemes

pubescent elongate pendulous, bracts ~^ in. long lower often broad or obovate,
berry red smooth. Eng. Bot. t. 1289 ;' H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 89
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 816
Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb., Mel. Biol. ix. 233
Brand. For. Fl. 215. R. Himalayense, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 77 (not of
;

Boyle).

Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 8000-12,000 ft., frequent;

Distrib. Alpine Europe, Caucasus, Altai.
Royle, T. Thomson, &c.
Leaves long-petioled, petioles often ciliato at the base, ovate-cordate, 3-o-lobcd
lobes acute, crenate-serrate upper surface glabrous or with scattered hairs, lbwer
glabrous or pubescent. Pedicels short.
Calyx-lobes short, obtuse.
Blowers largo,
greenish-yellow.
? Var.
berries black, leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath, pedicels very
short.
Kashmir, alt. 9500 ft, Levinge. Karakorum, alt. 11,500 ft., C. B. Clarke.
;

Lahul; JaeschJce in Brand. For. Fl. 215.

Order

LIII.

CRASSULACE2S.

Herbs, often with a woody perennial rootstock, or under-shrubs, usually sucLeaves alternate or opposite, usually simple but divided in Bryophyllum
Floioers often cymose, sometimes spicate-raceand Kalanchoe stipules 0.
mose in Cotyledon, or paniculate in Bryophyllum, regular, hermaphrodite or
unisexual.
Calyx 4-5-fid more rarely 6-8-fid, free. Petals as many as the
Stamens hypogynous or upon the petals, as many or
sepals, free or connate.
twice as many as the petals.
Carpels usually as many as the petals (fewer in
Triactina and in a few Sedums) with a hypogynous gland or scale at the base of
culent.

412

(C. B. Clarke.)

Lin. crassulace^:.

[Tillcea.

each ; free, or connate below, narrowed upwards into the styles ovules many on
the edges of the carpels (few in Tillcea , Triactina and some Sedums).
Follicles
dehiscing down the inner faces, many-seeded, or 1- few-seeded in Tillcea, Triactina and a few Sedums. Seeds albuminous embryo terete, cotyledons short.
Distrib. Species 400 spread over nearly the whole globe except Polynesia
rare in Australia and South America ; abundant in South Africa general in
the northern hemisphere.
;

Stamens as many as

the petals, leaves opposite (see also Cotyledon).

Small herbs with minute axillary sessile flowers

Succulent herbs with flowers in a paniculate cyme
** Stamens twice as

many

1.

Tillcea.

2.

Crassula.

as the petals.

f Petals connate, at least at the base.

Calyx shortly 4-fid
Calyx 4-partite
Calyx 5-partite

3.

Bryophylltjm.

4.

Kalanchoe.
Cotyledon.

5.

ft Petals free.
Carpels 5-4 (rarely 3) free or slightly connate
Carpels 6-8
Carpels 3, connate half their length

TILLZEA,

1.

7.

Sedum.
Sempervivum.

8.

Triactina.

6.
'.

Linn.

Small glabrous succulent herbs. Leaves opposite, entire, flat in the Indian
Flowers minute, axillary, often fasciculate, solitary or cymose, white
Calyx 4-5-fid. Petals 4-5, free or connate at the base. Stamens 4-5.
or red.
Hypogynous scales 4-5 or 0. Carpels 4-5, free, narrowed into short styles with
minute stigmas ovules 2 to each carpel in the Indian species. Follicles 2seeded.
Distrib.
genus of 20 species, widely distributed, scarcely separable
from Crassula.

species.

1. T. pentandra,
Boyle III. 222 (name only) ; leaves lanceolatelinear acute, flowers sessile in the axils often 2-3-nate, seeds ellipsoid subtrigonous pointed at the end. Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 50 ; H. f. fy T.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 90 ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 386.
Crassula (Disporo-

carpa) Schimperi, Fisch.

Mey.

Subtropical Himalaya, from

Deccan Peninsula; Mysore,

T.

Ind. Sem.

Kumaon
Lobb;

viii.

56.

to Kashmir, alt. 3000-6000 ft., frequent.

Nilghiris, Hohenacleer
Concan, Stocks.
;

Distrib. Tropical Africa, Abyssinia and the Cameroons.

Stems procumbent,branched internodes shorter than the leaves. Leaves J-A in.
Calyx- segments lanceolate-acuminate,
Petals elliptic,
long, connate at the base.
acuminate, white, not exceeding the sepals. Hypogynous scales cuneate, truncate
{ex C. A. Meyer).
;

2. T. pharnaceoides, Hochst. in Schimp. Herb. Abyss. No. 104; leaves

ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, flowers densely clustered in the axils pedicelled,
seeds ellipsoid blunt at the end. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 387 ; Bth. $ H.f. Gen.
JPt. i. 657.
T. trichopoda, Fenzl in Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 767.
Combesia abyssinica, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 307.
Crassula (Disporocarpa) pharnaceoides,
Fisch. Mey. Ind. Sem. viii. 56.
C. campestris, Harv. $ Sond. Fl. Cap. ii.
351.

crassulace^i.

liii.

Tillcea.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

413

Punjab Plain; Hushiarpore, Aitchison; Peshawur, Vicary. Distkib. Persia,

Central and South Africa.
Stem decumbent, branched internodes longer than the leaves. Leaves -^ in.
Ca^r-segments lanPedicels very short or \ in. long.
long, connate at the base.
ceolate, acuminate. Petals shorter than the sepals, united at the base, very acute or
Hypogynous scales minute, spathulate (ex Richard). This species is
hair-pointed.
in. long.
still smaller than T. pentandra, its flowers are less than
;

2.

CRASSVLA, Linn.

Herbs, usually with thick branches and leaves. Leaves opposite, usually
Flowers cymose, not large.
connate, fleshy and with cartilaginous margins.
Calyx 5-fid or 5-partite. Petals 5, free or connate at the base. Stamens 5.
Hypogynous scales various. Carpels 5, narrowed into short thick styles ; ovules
numerous. Follicles 5, many-seeded. Distrib. Species 120, nearly all from the
Cape of Good Hope ; a few in Abyssinia, one in the Himalaya.
glabrous, stem 4-12 in.
1. C. indica, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 73
high leafy, radical leaves rosulate spathulate-obovate, cauline acute, cymes
forming a compound panicle. H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 90. Sedum
paniculatum, Wall. Cat. 7227.
j

Kumaon and

Gurwhai., alt. 3000-8000 ft., frequent. Bhotan, Griffith.

l-l| in. long, blunt or shortly acute; stem-leaves sessile, subdecurrent, usually narrow oblong. Panicle sparsely leafy. Petals dull rose, scarcely twice the
Hypogynous glands small, obovate. Seeds very numerous, oblong-ellipsoid,
sepals.

Lower

leaves

smooth, finely reticulate, quasi-striate.

3.

BRYOPHYLLUM,

Salisb.

Leaves opposite, crenate. Flowers large, penTall erect herbs, perennials'.

Calyx with a long inflated
dent, in spreading panicles with opposite branches.
tube lobes 4, short, valvate. Corolla with a campanulate tube and shortly 4-tid
limb. Stamens 8, in two series, inserted on the middle of the corolla-tube" Hypogynous scales 4, obtuse. Carpels 4, free or connate at the base, attenuated into
Follicles 4, many-seeded.
Distrib. Species
long styles ; ovules very many.
4, in tropical Africa ; one extending through the tropics of the whole world.
;

leaves petiolate sim1. B. calycinum, Salisb. in DC. Prodr. iii. 396

ple or 3-partite, leaflets oblong or elliptic crenate or subincised-crenate.
Bot.
Mag. t. 1409 Wall. Cat. 7205 Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 100, with a
figure ; W. f A. Prodr. 360 ; Jf.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 90 ; Oliv. Fl.
frop. Afr. ii. 390. B. pinnatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. p. 309
Cotyledon rhizophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 456. C. pinnata, Lamk. Diet. ii. 141.
;

Kalanchoe pinnata, Pers.

Bomb.

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

i.

pt.

i.

728

Dalz.

fy

Gibs.

Fl. 105.

Tropical plains of India, from the base of the Himalaya to Ceylon and Malacca
Distrib. Throughout the tropics of the world presumed
universal in Lower Bengal.
a native of Africa and an introduced plant in Bengal.
Calyx 1-1^ in. long, purplish green. Corolla
Glabrous. Stems 1-4 ft. high.
globose-octagonal at the base, green, constricted in the middle the exserted parts redHypogynous
scales
subquadrate, free or slightly adherent to the carpels.
dish-purple.
Fruit enclosed in the persistent papery calyx and corolla. Seeds small, oblong-elliplongitudinally
obscurely
striate.
soid, smooth,
In the crenatures of the leaves of this plant buds are easily formed which develop,
drop off, and at once produce new plants.
;


414

liit.

4.

crassulacej;.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Kalanchoe.

KALANCHOE, Adam.

Erect stout perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper alternate. Flowers
many-flowered subpaniculate cymes. Calyx 4-partite, or 4-fid half
way down. Corolla with a flask-shape tube and spreading 4-iid limb, much exceeding the calyx (yellow in the Indian species), persistent. Stamens 8, in two series,
Carpels 4,
adnate to the corolla-tube. Hypogynous scales 4, linear or oblong.
adnate to the base of the corolla-tube, attenuated into long styles ; ovules very
many. Follicles 4. Seeds very many, oblong, ellipsoid, with 8-15 longitudinal
Distrib. Species 25, chiefly in tropical and South Africa j several in troribs.
one in Brazil.
pical Asia
large, erect, in

Calyx divided not more than half way down.

1. XL. glandulosa, Hochst. in A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 312 ; very glanduupwards, branches of panicle subopposite, stem-leaves stem-clasping, calyx
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 396.
very glandular-pubescent.
K. Ritchieana, Dak.
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 105.
in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 346
K. heterophylla,
Herb. Wight. Cotyledon hirsuta, Herb. Heyne.

lar

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula Heyne Wight, Ritchie. Distrib. Abyssinia.

Stem very thick at the base, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves obovate, nearly entire, the
Calyx-teeth.
lowest 4-6 in. long, much tapering at the base, scarcely petioled.
Corolla-tuhe % in. long.
Hypogynous scales linear. This species
ovate, acute.
connects Kalanchoe with Bryophyllum; it has the tubular calyx and subopposite
but the erect flowers, spreading corolla lobes,
panicle branches of Bryophyllum
narrow hypogynous scales and seeds of Kalanchoe. The calyx is described as
;

'

vesicular

in

'

fruit

but.

it

is

very slightly so either in the Indian or Abyssinian

examples.

** Calyx divided nearly to the base.

XL. spathulata, DC. PI. Grasses, t. 65 Prodr. iii. 395 ; glabrous,

spathulate-oblong crenate, upper distant and becoming very narrow
sometimes 3-foliolate, the lowest bracts similar, lower panicle-branches usually
opposite, sepals elongate triangular from a broad base.
Haw. in Phil. Mag.
Lond. N.S. vi. 303 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 728. K. nudicaulis, Ham. in
Herb. K. crenata, Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 394, partly.
K. varians, Haw.
in Phil. Mag. Lond. N.S. vi. 302; Wall. Cat. 7222, and PI. As. Rar. t.
167 (not good under the name K. amplectens) H.
$ T. in Journ. Linn.
K. acutiflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. p. 309, omitting
tioc. ii. 91.
the synonyms.
2.

leaves

Tropical Himalaya, from Bhotan

to

Kashmir,

alt.

1000-3000

ft.;

common.

Wallich.
Distrib. Warm China, Java.
Stem 1-4 ft. high. Lower leaves commonly 3-4 (sometimes 10) in. long besides
the petiole upper leaves (with the petiole) often 3-4 in. long by in. broad, freCorymb flattish or more rarely elongate, with few scattered linear
quently sessile.
Lracts \-% in. long. Flowers clear yellow, the corolla-tube glabrous.
Calyx in fruit
This species should probably be united with K.
often as much as in. wide.

Elbma;

(pgyptiaca (which hardly differs except by the orange tint of the flowers) and with
K. crenata as in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 394 ; but the Indian plant is very constant
in its trifling characteristics and habit.
3.

XL.

floribunda, W. A.

cyme with short spreading glandular

Prodr.
hairs,

359 upper parts of the stem and

lower branches of the cyme usually
;

Kalanchoe.]

liii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

crassulaceji.

415

alternate, upper branches often long raceniiforni, sepals oblong acute standing
apart at base.
H. f. . T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 91. K. "VVightiana, Walt.
Cat. 7225.
Cotyledon amplexicaulis, Heyne in Herb. Rottl.

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula, alt. 2000-7000 ft.; common.

Stem 1-3 ft. high. Leaves obovate-elliptic crenate. cauline 2-3 in. long, petiole
short.
Cyme with very many flowers. Corolla clear yellow, tube glabrous.
Var. glabra cyme often level-topped, the branches perfectly glabrous not at all
racemose with numerous approximate small lanceolar bracts in. long, calyx-tube
in fruit -A in. wide.
K. floribunda, Thwaites Enum. 129. K. spathulata, Wall.
Cat. 7224. Cotyledon heterophylla, Roxb. Fl. hid. ii. 456. C. corymbosa, Herb. Rottl.
Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula extending to Ceylon (Thwaites No. 540) and
Parasnath in Behar, alt. 4000 ft. J. D. H. -This should perhaps be united with
K. crenata it differs from K. spathulata by the wider (elliptic) upper leaves, the
much narrower capsule, the cyme less paniculate.
;

glabrous, leaves broadly ob4. XL. g-randiflora, W. 8r A. Prodr. 359

ovate crenate, cyme large compound with large green-yellow flowers, sepals
ovate-lanceolate.
Wall. Cat. 7226; Wight Ill.t. Ill; H. f. $ T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ii. 91 Rot. Mag. t. 5460.
;

Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., alt. 7000-8000 ft. Gardner, Wight, &c.
Stem, leaves, and panicle often glaucous.
Stem-leaves 2-3 in. long, subsessile.
Bracts of cyme - in. long, elliptic, petioled, early deciduous.
Sepals united at base
All the well-developed examples of K. Wightiana,
for a distance often in. or more.
Wall. Cat. 7225 belong to K. floribunda Var. above but under Wall. Cat. 7225
are included several young examples of K. grandiflora.
;

cyme densely
5. XL. brasiliensis, Camb. in Fl. Rras. Merid. ii. 196
glandulose-pubescent, corolla-tube and lobes without very hairy. Mart. Fl. Rrasil. t. 89.
K. crenata, Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 394, partly.
;

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula

Hills, Ritchie.

Distrib.

Tovequary Hill

Belgaum and North Deccan

in

Brazil, Tropical Africa.

Stem-leaves f in. long, elliptic, short petiolate, crenate.

Petals hair-pointed (as
Flowers white ex Dr. Bitchie's field note ; yellow ex
in the allied Indian species).
Cambess. and Oliver. If this plant be united with K. crenata as proposed by Britten

in

Oliv. Fl.

Trop. Afr.

ii.

394 the species here described Nos. 2 to 5

may

all

be

included.

6.

laciniata, DC. PL

XL.

Grasses,

t.

100

Prodr.

iii.

395

leaves pin-

natifid-laciniate, the lobes entire subserrate or dentate, sepals lanceolate sub-

patent. Wall. Cat. 7221 ; W. A. Prodr. 360 ; Wight. Lc. 1158 ; Thwaites Enum.
129; H.f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 91 ; Miq. Fl. Jnd. Rat. i. pt. i. 728
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 392.
K. teretifolia,
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 105
Hatv. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. 53, 1. 166 ; Wall. Cat. 7223 ; PL. f. 8> T. in Journ,
;

Linn. Soc. ii. 91 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876,

Roxb. Fl. Jnd, ii. 456.

pt.

ii.

p. 309.

Cotyledon

laci-

niata,

Tuopical regions of the Deccan Peninsula in Bengal at Patna, Dacca. Buhma,

Malacca, Maingay. Distrib. Yunan, Java, Tropical Africa.
Var. 1. typica leaves once pinnatifid, segments |-1 in. broad flat incise-crenate
sometimes bipinnatifid cyme-branches and sepals often glabrous.
Var. 2 leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, segments linear, cyme-branches and sepals pu-

Wallich.

bescent.


416

liii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

CRASSULACEiE,

[KalancJwe.

K. terctifolia, Wall. doe not appear separable from this var. K. acutiflora, Haw.
in Andr. Bot. Repos. t. 560 ; Miq. Fl. hid. Bat. i. pt. i. 728, probably is not an Indian
form

it

has white flowers.

5.

COTYLEDON, Linn.

Leaves opposite or alternate, fleshy.

Herbs, branching or scapigerous.
Calyx 5-partite.
Corolla 5-fid to the
Floivers in spicate racemes or cyniose.
Stamens 10 or 5, inserted on the
base (or in non-Indian species less deeply).
corolla. Hypogynous scales oblong or quadrate. Carpels 5, free, attenuated into

ovules very numerous. Fruit of 5 many-seeded follicles.

Dis;
tbib. Species 60 in Eastern Asia, Western and Southern Europe and the whole
of Africa ; also in Mexico.
filiform styles

The genus as
by

it

now

their alternate leaves,

stands includes such species as are excluded from Crassula

and from Sedum by their spicate racemes or by having only

5 stamens.
*

Stem

simple, leaves alternate, spike elongate dense, stamens 10.

radical leaves rosulate spathulate

1. C. spinosa, Linn. Sp. PI. i. 615
terminated by a spine, cauline oblong-lanceolate flat, pedicels 1-flowered,
Umbilicus spinosus, DC.
corolla yellow- white twice exceeding the calyx.
Prodr. iii. 400 ; Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii. 174. U. spinosus and U. fimbriatus, Turcz.
Fl. Baikal-Dahur, i. 432.
Sedum spinosum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 186.
;

West Tibet; Falconer No. 482.

Height 6-15 in. Leaves 1-1
oblong acute bract.

Baltistan,

alt. 10,000-11,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Pedicel \ in. long, shorter than its
Sepals ovate, very acute, greatly exceeding the tube of the

long.

in.

corolla.

** Steins several, leaves alternate, cymes small, stamens

5.

2. C. Oreades, C. B. Clarke
annual, glabrous, stems branching from
the base, branches ascending leafy, leaves on the sterile branches \ in. long, rosulate narrow lanceolate aristate, flowers at the summit of the branches 3-1
nodding white. Umbilicus Oreades, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 62 (U. luteus,
Ic. t. 73, except that the stamens are not ten); H.
f. fy T. in Journ. Linn.
;

Soc.

ii.

91.

Alpine Western Himalaya; Kashmir; Pir Punjal, Jacquemont Marbul Pass,

Gurwhal, Falconer. Kumaon, alt. 14,000 ft. ; Shilong, Strachey $
;

C. B. Clarke.

Winterbottom.

Stems 2-4 in. long, several, curved. Stem-leaves like the rosulate leaves but
rather smaller. Sepals \ in. long, oblong, acute. Petals a little exceeding the sepals,
united at their base only.
Seeds ellipsoid, microscopically covered with tubercles.
This specie* has the habit altogether of Sedum, but it cannot be put there because
it has only 5 stamens; neither can it be put in Crassula because Crassida has always
opposite leaves. Therefore it is put in Cotyledon though in Cotyledon the corolla
should be tubular, the tube at least equalling the calyx. Similar remarks apply to
the next species.
;

spathulata,

B. Clarke

glabrous, stolon leaves rosulate in.

;
linear-oblong, flowers corymbose shortly
pedicelled, sepals - in. long oblong acute nearly equalling the corolla and
many times exceeding its tube. Umbilicus spathulatus, H.f. $ T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ii. 92.
3.

long petioled spathulate,

C.

cauline

Cotyledon."]

liii.

crassulacej).

(C. B. Clarke.)

'

417

Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stems 3-6 in. high, throwing decumbent stolons from the base. Cauline leaves
\ in. long, sessile. Petals united at base only. Stamens 5. Flowers sometimes
4-merous.

Seeds ellipsoid, smooth, tailed.

6.

SEDUM, Linn.

Succulent herbs. Leaves alternate or rosulate, rarely opposite ; entire or

Flowers cymose, hermaphrodite, or unisexual by abortion.
Calyx
Stamens 10-8, the alternate ones adnate to the
5-4-partite.
Petals 5-4:, free.
petals.
Hypogynous scales quadrate or cuneate, entire or ernarginate. Carpels
5-4, free or slightly united at base, narrowed into the styles ovules very numerDistrib. Species 130 ; mostly in the cold
ous.
Follicles 5^4, many-seeded.
and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere one species is found in
Abyssinia and one in Peru.
laciniate.

Sect. I. Rhodiola. Rootstoch perennial, thick, suberect, with a crown

of scales from the axils of which rise the simple leafy annual stems carrying
terminal cymes. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, often 4-merous. Petals in
the males often much exceeding the sepals ; in the females shorter or narrower.
Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, compressed,
Styles usually short, recurved in fruit.
testa loose produced beyond the end of the nucleus, often as a bent short tail.
* Cymes dense, not carrying bracts on the short branches (though there are
frequently bracts at the base of the outer branches).

1.0. Rhodiola, DC.

Prodr. iii. 401 ; leaves obovate or broadly oblong

toothed towards tbe apex, petals yellow, hypogynous scales in the
males oblong ernarginate. Ledeb. Fl. Ross, ii. 179 ; JT.f.Sf T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 95.
Rhodiola
S. imbricatum, H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 101.
imbricata, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 47. R. rosea, Linn, j Engl. Pot. t.
often

508.

Alpine "Western Himalaya; from Kttmaon to Kashmir, alt. 12,000-17,000 ft.;

Distrib. The arctic and alpine regions of America, Europe and Asia.
Very glaucous. Rootstock having an odour of roses. Stems 3-15 in., thick.
Leaves \-\^ in. long, imbricated (often very closely) from a narrow or broad base.
Cyme densely congested. Sepals narrow oblong. Stamens long, exsert. Carpels in
The examples of S. imbricatum
fruit \ in. long, not narrowed gradually at the base.
have dioecious (or functionally dioecious) heads and the carpels have short recurved
frequent.

styles, altogether as in Sect. Rhodiola.

2. S. heterodontum, H.
8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 95; leaves
ovate incise-dentate from a broad or cordate or auriculate base prominently whitemargined, flowers rose-coloured ? (ex H. f. & T.). S. serratum, Jacquem.
Journ.

Temperate and Alpine Western Himalaya, alt. 8000-14,000 ft.; Kashmir,

Jacquemont; Kunawur, T. Thomson-, Mandala, Cleghorn.
Cyme very dense, especially in fruit.
Stems 12-18 in. Leaves loosely imbricate.
Otherwise agrees closely with S. Rhodiola, of which H. f. & T. suggest it may be a
variety.
3.

tic or

S. crenulatum, H.f.
broad oblong

and outer leaf-like

VOL. n.

fy

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

sessile crenulated,

cymes

96 leaves ellipby the upper leaves

ii.

sessile enclosed

bracts, sepals purple narrow-oblong, petals rose-coloured.

BE

418

liii.

Sikkim Himalaya,

W.

T. Blandford.

alt.

ceassulacej:.

[Sedum.

(0. B. Clarke.)

12,000-18,000 ft.; Yeumtong and Mt. Donkiah, J. B. H.,

alt. 12,000-17,000 ft., Chumpua and Niti Pass, Strachey

Kumaon,

Winterbottom.

Dried specimens are a ruddy chestnut colour.

which it may be a variety.

Stems 3-8

in.

Very

like S.

Rho-

diola, of

** Cymes 1- few-flowered (except S. tibeticum), or in fruit somewhat lax,

branches not bearing leaves (though there may be bracts at their bases).
4. S. tibeticum, H.
T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 96 leaves subentire
oblong or ovate-oblong, cymes 4-20-flowered not very dense in fruit, flowers
often 6-merous, sepals on the fruit triangular-acuminate.

Alpine Westebn Himalaya, alt. 12,000-16,000 ft.; Kunawub (Werang Pass)

Thomson Lahul, Jaeschke. Distrib. Cabul, Griffith.
Glabrous. Stems 4-10 in. Leaves ^-\ in., loosely imbricate, the upper oblong
subacute, the lower often ovate.
Petals rose or purple. Follicles and seeds as in
T.

S. Rhodiola.

Vab. Stracheyi, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 96 (sp.) leaves ovate often
Alpine Western Himalaya, alt. 12,000-17,000 ft., T. Thomson, Strachey $
Winterbottom, Dr. Henderson. The leaves sometimes entire, and the upper, oblong
it then seems undistinguishable from S. tibeticum.
;

toothed.

5.

S. quadrifidum,

Pall.

DC.

Prodr.

iii.

407 stems 2-5

;

in.

numerous,

leaves approximate oblong subterete, cymes 5-1-fiowered, flowers red often

4-merous, sepals oblong. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 177 ; H. f.fy T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 97.
S. coccineum, Royle Til. t. 48.
alt. 11,000-18,000 ft., from Kumaon to Kashmib,
16,000-18,000 ft., J. B. H.Distbib. Arctic Kussia and

Alpine Westebn Himalaya,

frequent.
Siberia.

Sikkim,

alt.

Stems and leaves glabrous or puberulous. Leaves \ in., sometimes very acute.
Petals usually twice the sepals.
T.).
Hypogynous scales subquadrate (ex H. f.
Follicles with short styles, recurved or sometimes erect, straight.

&

*** Cymes lax, branches bearing

leaves, or the flowers

supported by a leafy

bract.
6. S. XXimalense, Don Prodr. 212; leaves - in. loosely imbricate
narrow-obovate or lanceolate often dentate towards the summit, cymes large
leafy, sepals lanceolate-linear, petals deep purple twice the sepals, pedicels
much thickened under the fruit. DC. Prodr. iii. 402; H. f. 8f T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ii. 97. S. Himalayanum and S. hypericifolium, Wall. Cat. 7236,
7237.

Sikkim and Nipal, alt. 12,000-17,000 ft., frequent; Wallich,J. D. H., &c.
Stems 4-14 in., usually puberulous or pubescent, sometimes glabrous. Petals
Hypogynous scales black-purple, broadly triangular (ex H. f. & T.).
lanceolate.
Follicles \ in. long, black-purple.
S. atropurpureum, Turcz. of Central Asia differs
among other things by its compact cyme.

7. S. foupleuroides, Wall. Cat. 7229 ; leaves -l in. long loosely imbricate ovate or ovate-oblong, base cordate or auriculate-bilobate, cymes large
leafy, sepals lanceolate-linear, petals lanceolate small black-purple twice the
H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 98.
sepals.

J.

Nipal; Gossain Than, Wallich.

B. H.

Sikkim,

alt.

10,000-14,000

ft.

Tungu, Lachen

Sedum.']

liii.

CEASSULACEiE.

Stems 6-14 in. high, glabrous, or the

purple, broadly cuneate-quadrate (ex H.

(C. B. Clarke.)

cyme puberulous.
f.

419

Hypogynous

scales black

& T.).

8. S. elong-atum, Wall. Cat. 7233; leaves -2 in. long loosely imbricate oblong narrowed at base almost petioled or elliptic sessile, cymes large
loose, petals lanceolate black-purple.
H.f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 98.

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim

to

Kashmir,

alt.

10,000-12,000

ft.

Cymes puberulo-pubescent.
high, glabrous, as are the leaves.
T.).
Sepals lanceolate-linear. Hypogynous scales broad, cuneate-quadrate (ex H. f.
Follicles scarcely in.
Stems 8-20

in.

&

S. fastigiatum, H.f.

numerfy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.ii. 98; stems

long crowded terete oblong-linear, cymes 3-8-flowered, sepals
lanceolate, petals | in. long linear twice the sepals.
9.

ous, leaves -

in.

Sikkim, alt. 14,000-17,000 ft.; Kankola, Lama Kangra, J. D. H.

Stems 2-5 in., curved, glabrous, as are the leaves. Cymes puberulo-pubescent.
Hypogynous scales quadrate. Follicles more than \ in. long, black-purple. A species
resembling S. quadrifidum but larger with larger flowers and fruit.

S. humile, H.f.

fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 99; densely tufted,

glabrous or minutely pubescent, leaves %- in. long, linear or
linear-oblong, cymes 1-4-flowered, sepals ovate acuminate, petals lanceolate
wider upwards twice the sepals.

10.

stems 1-2

in.

Sikkim, alt. 15,000-16,000 ft. Yeumtong and Tunkra Pass, J. D. H.

Flowers large for so small a plant. Hypogynous scales broad quadrate (ex H.
T.).
This species is distinct from the other Indian species by its sepals.
;

f.

&

11. S. coriaceum, Wall. Cat. 7238; rootstock thick, stems numerous

pubescent, cymes and leaves on both surfaces puberulous, leaves in. flat
obovate, cyme with few leaves. H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 99.

Nepal, Wallich.
Like S. tibeticum, var. Stracheyi, but wholly puberulous
the cymes few-flowered.

the leaves obovate and

Sect. II. Rootstock thick. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely imperfect. Follinarrow oblong-lanceolate ; style nearly straight, slender, not (or scarcely at
all) recurved.
Seeds ellipsoid, compressed, testa loose produced beyond the end
of the' nucleus, often as a short bent tail.
cles

S. asiaticum, DC. Prodr. iii. 401; stems 6-12 in., leaves 1-1
approximate near the cyme linear remotely dentate, cymes dense, flowers
yellow, petals lanceolate-spathulate twice the sepals.
S.
Wall. Cat. 7239.
Khodiola
crassipes, Wall. Cat. 7234; H.f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 99.
12.

in.

asiatica,

Don

Sikkim

to

Prodr. 213.

Kashmir,

alt.

11,000-16,000

ft.,

frequent

Wallich, Falconer, J. B. H.,

&c.
G-labrous or the

cyme branches minutely puberulous.

H. f. & T.).

Hypogynous

scales very-

short, subquadrate (ex

Var. Wallichianum, H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 100 (sp.) Hook. Ic. PI.
604 leaves broader mere denticulate sometimes subpinnatifid. H. f. & T. say
that this differs by its red flowers but Sir W. Hooker says that the plants which
t.

flowered at

Kew

had yellow

flowers.

E B 2

420

liii.

[Sedum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

crassulace^.

18. S. llnearifolium, Royle III. t. 48 ; stems 3-5 in. and with the leaves
glabrous, leaves J-4 in. imbricate narrow oblong or linear entire or toothed,
cymes 2-8-flowered, sepals oblong-lanceolate, petals nearly in. long broadlanceolate.
H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 100. S. pauciflorum, Edgw.
S. mucronatum, Edgw. in Trans.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 49 ; H. f. fy T. 100.

Linn. Soc.

ii.

48.

Temperate Western Himalaya,

alt.

7000-10,000

ft.

Gttrwhal, Kumaon, &c.

Boyle, Falconer, T. Thomson, &c,

T. say red ?).
species easily recognised by the large -white petals (but H. f.
Sepals not ovate in Var. pauciflorum, but as in the typical linearifoliitm. Edgeworth's
T.
S. mucronatum is identically his S. pauciflorum as shown by H. f.
Var. 1. typica; leaves dentate.
Var. 2. 'pauciflorum ; leaves little dentate or entire.

&

&

14. S. trifidum, Wall. Cat. 7230; stems 3-11 in. glabrous, leaves 2-4
petioled oblong sinuate-pinnatifid, or 1-2-pinnatifid with linear blunt lobes,
cymes branched leafy, sepals narrow-lanceolate, petals linear-lanceolate twice
the sepals. H. f. 8f T. in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 100. S. sinuatum, Royle III.
p. 222 ; Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 47.
in.

Temperate Himalaya from Sikkim

on rocks and on

to

Kashmir,

alt.

6000-12,000

trees.

ft.,

common

Cymes leafy. Flowers pedicelled, pink. Follicles when ripe very thin-walled.
well-marked abundant species in which however the leaves vary between the wide
limits given above.

Sect. III. Annuals, or perennials with no thick rootstock.

Seeds obovoid, not compressed, the testa not loose.

Flowers herma-

phrodite.

* Follicles 5, erect in fruit.

Radical leaves rosulate.

S. rosulatum, Edgw.

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 48; stems 2-4 in.,

spathulateorbicular, sepals oblong glabrous rarely minutely nubescent, petals white elliptic
or oblong not very acute.
H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 101. S. pyriforme,
Royle Herb. Umbilicus radicans, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Rot. t. 44.
15.

cauline leaves - in.

Kumaon

somewhat remote spathulate-obovate or

Kashmir,

alt. 5000-9000 ft. ; frequent, Royle, Falconer, T. Thomson,

Distrib. Affghanistan.
Stem glabrous, more rarely glandular-pubescent. Eosulate leaves \-\% in. spathulate or elongate obovate.
Cymes weak, straggling, often subsecund or subscorpioid with long pedicels -1 in. long. Follicles small, thin-walled, erect. Seeds ellipsoid, somewhat obvoid, smooth, longitudinally striate.

to

Edgeworth, &c.

16. S. adenotrichum. Wall. Cat. 7231 ; stems 3-9 in. glandularpubescent, cauline leaves ^ in. somewhat remote oblong narrowed below or
obovate, sepals oblong minutely pubescent, petals white often with pink stripes
lanceolate acute.
H.f 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 101, excl. Var. 0. ; Edgw.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 48 ; Baker fy Saunders Ref. Rot. t. 296.

Kumaon

to

Kashmir,

alt.

3000-8000

ft.

frequent.

Wallich, T. Thomson, Strachey

Winterbottom, &c.
Rosulate leaves -1^ in. spathulate or elongate obovate.
Cymes lax with pedicels
|-1 in. long, often with two or more erect elongate branches. Follicles thin-walled,
erect.
Seeds obovoid, ellipsoid, smooth, longitudinally striate.
This species may be
generally distinguished from S. rosidatum by its larger size, stronger cyme, and more

;;

Sedum.']

liii.

crassulace^.

pubescent stem and sepals

more acute petals.

S. Griffith!!,

17.

(C. B. Clarke.)

421

but the only absolute distinction appears to

C.

B. Clarke; stems 2-4

cauline leaves \-% in. linear,

petals white elliptic lanceolate.
Linn. Soc. ii. 101.

cyme

in.

leafy corymbose,

S. adenotrichum, Var.

very

sepals
/3.,

weak

lie in

the

glabrous,

narrow oblong,

H. f.

8f

T. in Journ.

Bhotan; Griffith.
H. f. & T. probably joined

this -with 8. adenotrichum because of the acute petals

but in all other points, especially its weakness and glabrousness, it is nearer 8. rosulatum.
It differs from both in the linear cauline leaves and particularly in the cyme,
which is corymbose and somewhat dense, with linear bracts like the cauline leaves.

S. trullipetalum, H.

f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 102 ; glabrous,

cauline leaves in. imbricate lanceolate-linear acute, cymes
dense, petals white-yellow with a very long claw and ovate cordate or lanceolate
limb.

18.

stems 2-4|

in.,

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from SiKKiMto Kashmir,

Rosulate leaves in. long, ovate-lanceolate.

alt.

11,000-16,000

ft.

Sepals elliptic- lanceolate, acute.

19. S. Jaeschkei, Kurz in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. 240 ; annual, leaves

spathulate-oblong acute often rosulate, flowers large golden solitary.

West Tibet

; Jaeschke.
or less, crowded, simple, or branched from the base.
Lower
leaves generally densely rosulate ; cauline scattered, smaller, narrower, or crowded
towards the end of the branches. Flowers soUtary at the end of the branches or
crowded in dwarf specimens, nearly in. long. Calyx segments \-\ in. long,
Petals double the sepals,
fleshy, green, similar to and often larger than the leaves.
Stamens less than half the length of the petals.
lanceolate, obtuse.
The above is closely copied from Mr. Kurz, who evidently possessed better materials than certain scraps transmitted to Kew by Jaeschke and referred by Dr.
Thomson to S. asiaticum, which has not the elongate leafy branches of the corymb.
There are several points however in which Mr. Kurz' description does not fit the
flowering slips (3 in. long) at Kew Mr. Kurz says that the leaves are shorter than
the sepals which are but 3 to 4 lines long ; in the Kew examples the leaves on the
corymb branches are \ in. long and more. The Kew slips may however belong to
examples of 8. asiaticum in its first year of flowering.

Lahtjl, in

Branches 4-5

in.

20. S. Ewersii, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. ii. 191; glabrous, stems 4-12 in., cauline
leaves -1 in. diam. remote obovate or orbicular opposite or some of the uppermost alternate, cymes usually dense, flowers rose-purple. Ledeb. Fl. Boss. ii.
182, and Ic. Fl. Boss. t. 58 ; H.f. # T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 102. S. Gerardianum, Wall. Cat. 7235. S. azureum, Boyle III. t. 48. S. rubrum, Boyle III.
p. 222 ; Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 47.

Temperate and Alpine Himalaya from Ktjmaon to Kashmir,

alt.

9000-17,000

ft.

Distrib. Alpine Siberia and Soongaria.

Cymes sometimes less dense, corymbose
Leaves fleshy, glaucous, entire or sinuate.
with alternate branches. That the flowers are ever blue appears to rest wholly on
Seeds ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid, testa not loose.
Koyle's figure.
frequent.

** Follicles 3-5, divaricate in fruit.

21. S. pallidum, Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 353 and iii. 314; stems 1-5 in.
annual solitary cymose at top, carpels minutely squamose-tuberculate, seeds


422

liii.

CRASSULACE-2E.

[Sedum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 185 ; H. f. $ T. in

obovoid finely striate longitudinally.
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 102; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 790. S. Urvillei, DC. Prodr.
408.

iii.

Punjab Plain; Peshawur,

Vicar?/;

Dis-

Hurroo and Hassababad, Aitchison.

trib. Affghanistan and thence to Greece.

Glabrous or minutely glandular-pubescent. Leaves 1 in., oblong to linear. Flowers
5-merous subsessile, white (or rose ex Boissier). Petals acute, thrice as long as the
<7yrae-branches minutely glandular, divaricate-recurved in
triangular acute sepals.
fruit.
species that has been confounded with S. multicaule it differs in its habitat

and

is

absolutely separate

by the

seed.

S. multicaule, Wall. Cat. 7232 ; glabrous, stem 3-8 in. high usually
divided from the base, carpels not tuberculate, seeds obovoid covered with
minute tubercles. H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 102. S. japonicum,
Sieb. Herb, in Mia. Ann. Mus. JBot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 156.
22.

much

frequent.
alt. 4000-7000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan
China and Japan.
Leaves \-\ in. long, linear-oblong, acute. Flowers subsessile, petals yellow. Cyme

Temperate Himalaya,

Distrib.

branches divaricate in

fruit,

usually elongate, subscorpioid.

S. perpusillum, H.

f. 8f T. in Jowm. Linn. Soc. ii. 103 ; glabrous,

branching crowded, follicles short oblong turgid small, seeds large
(therefore few in each carpel) obovoid hispid with elongate papillae.

23.

stems 1-2

in.

Sikkim, alt. 12,000 ft., J. D.H.

Leaves in. long, sessile, oblong or linear. Cyme small, leafy. Flowers pedicellate,
Sepals oblong, obtuse. Petals white, oblong, a little longer than the sepals.
erect.
The specimen referred here by H. f. T. collected
Follicles connected ^ their length.
in the Western Himalaya has different seeds ; it is in too imperfect a state for

&

identification.

7.

SE1VIPERVIVU1VI,

Linn.

Fleshy herbs, often sending up annual flower-stems from a rosette of leaves

crowning the perennial rootstock. Leaves alternate. Cymes paniculate. Floivers
Calyx divided nearly
in the Indian species 8-merous, more rarely 6-8-merous.
Petals free, or scarcely cohering at the base, oblong-lanceolate.
petals, free.
Hypogynous scales small, bifid,
Carpels equal in number with the petals, free or adnate to the
united in pairs.
Follicles
calyx, narrowed upwards into filiform styles ; ovules very numerous.
many-seeded. Distrib. Species 40, extending from the Canary Islands across
South Europe and North Africa to Asia Minor and the Western Himalaya.

to the base.

Stamens double the number of the

acuminatum,

Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Lot. t. 74; leaves mucronate

1. S.
glabrous, pedicels and sepals glabrous or slightly ciliate, sepals oblong-lanceolate
acuminate scarcely pubescent, IT. f. fy T. in. Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 92. S.
himalayense, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. t. 43. Sedum Moorcroftianum,
Wall. Cat 7228.

Alpine Himalaya, from Kunawur to Kashmir,

alt.

10,000-15,000

ft.

"West

Winterbottom, &c.
Stems 4-8 in. high. Eosulate leaves l-2 in. long, obovate-lanceolate or nearly
linear ; cauline -f in., sessile, oblong, acuminate, but little imbricate.
Cyme somewhat lax. Petals glabrous, purple-rose, twice or thrice the sepals. Seeds narrow
obovoid, striate longitudinally.

Tibet, Strachey


Sempervivum.~\

(C. B. Clarke.)

crassulacejE.

liii.

423

mucronatum,

J?f/(/w. in Trans. Linn. Soc.xx. 49; basal leaves

2. S.
rosulate mucronate ciliate on the edge or glabrous, sepals glandular-pubescent
oblong-lanceolate acuminate. H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 92.

Alpine Himalaya, from Ktjmaon to Kashmir,

Strachey

Winterbottom

Stems 2-6
lanceolate,

Niti, Edgeworth

alt.

10,000-12,000

Gttxrwhal, Falconer

ft.;

Kumaon,

Kashmir, Jacque-

lanceolate; cauline sessile, oblongdense. Petals white, scarcely

Seeds narrowly obovoid, striated longitudinally, hardly half so big

high.

in.

more or

Kosulate leaves l-l

less pubescent.

in.

Cyme somewhat

twice the sepals.

as in S. acuminatum.

3. S. sedoides, Bene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 74 basal leaves rosulate oblongobovate minutely pilose, sepals oblong or somewhat obovate obtuse or at least
not acuminate pubescent, carpels distinctly glandular-pilose upwards. H. f. 8f
T. in Jcmrn. Linn. Soc. ii. 93. S. fimbriatum, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot.
t. 43.
S. album, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 49 )H.f.Sf T. 1. c. 93.
;

"Western Himalaya. Gurwhal, and Pir Punjal Kashmir, Falconer. Kunawur

and Kashmir, Jacquemont.
Stems 1-3 in.
Kosulate leaves f in. long; cauline - in. somewhat densely
imbricate, sessile, oblong or elliptic, glandular-pubescent.
Cyme dense. Petals lanceolate (white or rose-white ?).
Seeds narrowly ellipsoid, minutely striate longitudinally.

8.

TRIACTINA,^./.^.

weak succulent herb. Leaves alternate and verticillate. Flowers yellow,

in lax leafy cymes. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, free, yellow. Stamens 10. Hypogynous glands 3, linear. Carpels 3, connate to the middle ; ovules several in
each carpel. Follicles 3, connate to the middle, divaricate above, 1-seeded.
1.

T. verticillata, H.f.

8f.

T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

ii.

103.

Sikxim, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. ; Lachen, J. D. H. ; Tumbok, C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous. Stems 4-10 in. long.
Leaves ^~1 in. long, entire, narrowly obovate.
Flowers subsessile. Sepals very small. Seed ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid, hispid
with elongate papillae.
This plant by the characters of its carpels and seeds is very closely allied to Sedum perpusillum H. f. <$r T. H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 90 characterise
Triactina as having polyspermous follicles the material collected by Sir J. D. Hooker
was scanty, and the subsequent collections of C. B. Clarke have all the follicles
;

1-seeded.

Order LIV.

DROSERACEX.

(By 0. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Herbs ; catching insects by means of glandular sticky hairs, or by means

of petioled leaves with automatically closing laminse.
Flowers hermaphrodite,
Calyx 4-5- (rarely -8-)partite, or sepals free imbricate persistent.
regular.
Petals and stamens as many as the sepals, hypogynous or nearly so.
Ovary
nearly free, globose or ovoid, 1-3-celled styles 5-3, capitate fimbriate or bifid
Capsule
ovules numerous, on parietal placentae equal in number to the styles.
membranous 5-3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds with fleshy albumen ; embryo
Distrib. Species 110, spread over nearly all temperate
cylindric or minute.
and tropical lands except the islands of the Pacific.
;

Leaves glandular cauline

or alternate
Cauline leaves whorled vesicular glabrous
;

1.

2.

Drosera.
Aldrovanua.

424

(C. B. Clarke.)

liv. droserace^!.

1.

[Drosera.

DROSERA, Linn,

Perennial herbs, scapigerous or with a leafy stem, glandular-pilose. Leaves

or scariose and
rosulate or alternate, usually circinate in vernation ; stipules
Calyx free from the ovary, 4-8-partite, sepals persistent.
adnate to the petiole.
Petals 4r-8, hypogynous or scarcely perigynous, white or rose, withering persistent. Stamens as many as the petals, hypogynous or scarcely perigynous. Ovary
Capsule loculicidally
1-celled with 2-5 styles ; ovules parietal, numerous.
2-5-valved. Seeds numerous, in the Indian species obovoid-ellipsoid with the
Distrib. Species 100, scattered throughtesta black smooth reticulate not lax.
out the world except Polynesia ; very numerous in Australia.

Burmanni,

1. D.
Vahl. Symb.m. 50 ; leaves all radical rosulate cuneatespathulate, stipules equalling half the petiole, scapes 1-3 glabrous, flowers race-

mose with glabrous pedicels, styles 5 undivided. Don Prodr. 212 DC. Prodr. i.
318 Roxb. FL 2nd. ii. 113 Wall. Cat. 1242 ; Wight. Lll. t. 20 (the styles incorrect)
Wight Ic. t. 944 W. 8f A. Prodr. 34 Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii.
vol. ix. 190; Mia. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i._pt. ii. p. 120 -,_H. /._$ T, in_Journ. Linn.
Soc. ii. 82
Thwaites Enu
;

As. Soc. 1876,

pt.

ii.

310.

from Ceylon and Bombay to the base of the

abundant ascending to 4000 ft. in the Himalaya, and 8000
Distrib. China and Japan, Malaya, West Africa, Australia.
long. Scapes 2-8 in. high pedicels erect in fruit. Calyx minutely

Throughout India

in the Plains,

Himalaya and Burmah

in the Deccan.
Leaves -l|- in.
papillose.

ft.

2. Z>. iridic a, Linn. Sp. PI. 403

stem decumbent elongate with alternate
long linear leaves, racemes leaf-opposed, styles 3 bifid to the base. DC. Prodr,
i. 319 ; Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 313
Wall. Cat. 1244 ; Wight Lll. t. 20 (the styles incorrect)
W. 8f A. P?-odr. 34 Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. ix. 204
Miq. Fl. Lnd. Pat. i. pt. ii. p. 120; H. f. $ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 82
Thwaites Enum. 21 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb: Fl. 12 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc
1876, pt. ii. 310. D. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3752. D. serpens, Planch. 1. c
204 Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 20.
;

Ceylon and the Deccan as far north as Chota Nagpore, frequent Burma and
Malay Peninsula (but not known in the Gangetic Plain). Distrib. China,
;

the

Malaya, Tropical Australia, Africa.

Stems 2-12 in., simple, rarely branched. Leaves 1-3 in., very glandular-pubescent, hardly broader than the glabrous petiole.
Racemes 2-6 in. pedicels - in.
Sepals lanceolate, minutely glandulose or nearly glabrous.
Seeds obovoid; testa
prominently reticulated, not scrobiculate nor differing essentially from the seeds of
the other two Indian species.
;

3. D. peltata, Sm. in Willd. Sp. PI. i. 1546 ; stem erect leafy, leaves
alternate long petioled lunate peltate, sepals ovate glabrous erose or fimbriate,
styles 3 fimbriate. DC. Prodr. i. 319
Sm. Exot. Bot. t. 41 (wrong as to colour
of the fiowers) ; Don Prodr. 212 ; Wight Lll. t. 20 ; W. 8? A. Prodr. i. 34
Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. ix. 296 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876,
;

310. D. lunata, Ham. DC. Prodr. i. 319; Wall. Cat. 1243; Hook. Lc.
i. t. 54; Planch. 1. c. 296; Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. ii. p. 120; H.
f. $ T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 82 Thwaites Enum. 22. D. gracilis and D. foliosa, Hook,
f. ; Planch. 1. c. 297, 298.
D. Lobbiana, Turcz. (fide Kurz).
t.

ii.

liv. droserace^!.

Drosera.~\

;;

(C. B. Clarke.)

425

Throughout India. Var. 1 confined to the Malayan Peninsula var. 2 ascending to

10,000 ft. in the Himalaya, and 8000 in the Nilghiris. Distrib. Malay Archipelago
to Australia.
Stems 3-12 in. high, simple or corymbose upwards. Racemes subterminal, pediFlowers white.
Seed as in the preceding species with a close
cels ^-f in. long.
testa (as Benth. correctly) and not tuberculate, which Planchon says it is. This plant
turns very black in drying, but often stains the drying paper purple.
Var. 1. typica ; rosulate leaves persistent, sepals very fimbriate. Moulmein and
;

Sincapore.
Var. 2. lunata; rosulate leaves early deciduous, sepals erose or but slightly
fimbriate.
[D. intermedia of Herb. Boyle is stated to have been collected in N. W. India
which, as Boyle's specimens are D.peltata typica, is improbable. D. intermedia of W.
4" A. Prodr. 34 is probably founded on the specimen so named and still preserved in
Wight's Herbarium which seems to have been collected, not in India, and by a Dr.

Haynes, not Heyne.]

2.

ALDROVANDA, Linn.

A weak

succulent diaphanous glabrous floating herb in water. Stems artiwith whorls of spathulate-orbicular leaves at the nodes, the laminae
- in. diain., contorted, bladdery. Flowers peduncled, axillary, solitary. Calyx
Petals 5, hypogynous, connivent in a cap.
Stamens 5, hypogynous.
5-partite.
Ovary 1-celled styles 5 with terminal branching stigmas ovules numerous, on
5 parietal placentae. Capsule globose, 5-valved. Seeds numerous, broad, oblong,

culate,

testa black shining.

A. vesiculosa, Linn.) DC. Prodr. i. 319; Reich. Iconogr. Europ.

24 H. f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 83 W. $ A. Prodr. 34 Planch,
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. ix. 304.
A. verticillata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 112.
1.

iii. t.

Salt-pans south of Calcutta; Roxburgh; T. Thomson; S. Kurz.

Europe and Australia.

Distrib.

Cen-

tral

Order LV.

HAMAMELIDES:.

(By 0. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Trees or shrubs, often with stellate pubescence ; prosenchyma of the wood

discs as in the Coniferce.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple or
palmately lobed stipules 1-2, rarely wanting, deciduous or rarely persistent.
Flowe?'s hermaphrodite or unisexual, collected into heads, spikes, or close racemes, or spikes.
Calyx small or 0, adnate to the ovary free in Distylium.
Petals 0, or 4-5 perigynous or nearly epigynous.
Stamens 4-oo , perigynous, or
in Distylium hypogynous ; anthers dehiscing longitudinally the valves deciduous in Loropetalum.
Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, separate and ultimately divaricate, persistent (deciduous in Altingia) ; ovules l-oo , axile, pendulous.
Capsule
woody, dehiscing at the vertex across the dissepiment so as to split each style
in two, and in some genera also afterwards imperfectly dehiscing through the
dissepiment ; endocarp often horny separating from the exocarp.
Seeds 1, or
many when usually only the lowest in each cell is perfect. Distrib. Species
30 found in Asia from Persia and the Himalaya to Malaya China and Japan

marked with

in North America and in South Africa.


426

lv. hamamelide^i.

A. Ovules

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Parrottia*

solitary in each cell.

* Petals 0.

Ovary
Ovary
Ovary

Stamens 5-7

...

....

2.

Pabbottia.
Distylium.

3.

Sycopsis.

Petals obovate-spathulate. Anthers blunt. Leaves deciduous.

Connective horned. Leaves persistent
.
Petals 4, linear.
Petals 5, linear. Calyx-tube circumscissile. Leaves persistent

4.

5.

Coeixopsis.
Lobopetaltjm.

6.

Maingata.

half-inferior.

Leaves deciduous.

superior,
Flowers separate, not in heads
half-inferior.
Leaves persistent. Stamens 8

1.

** Petals present.

B. Ovules several in each

cell.

Male flowers with a perianth. Leaves cordate-ovate, entire

Male flowers without a perianth. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
.

serrate

1.

FARROTTIA,

C.

7.

Bucklandia^

8.

Axtingia.

A. Mey.

Large branching shrubs. Leaves alternate, orbicular or oblong, crenate,.

deciduous ; stipules large, early deciduous. Flowers hermaphrodite, appearing
before the leaves, in capitate heads surrounded by large membranous bracts.
Calyx half-adherent to the ovary limb 5-7-fid. Petals 0. Stamens equal in
number and opposite to the calyx-lobes, perigynous j anthers dehiscing by a
longitudinal slit. Ovary 2-celled styles 2, soon divaricate, with simple stigmas
ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous.
Capsule woody ; endocarp horny,
separating from the exocarp.
Seed narrowly ellipsoid, testa shining stramineous or scarcely brown. Disteib. Species 2, one in Kashmir, one in Persia.
5

1.

than
f.

P. Jacquemontiana,

Dene, in Jacq. Toy. Pot.

t.

A in. long subquadrate, ovary and fruit with long woolly

T. in Journ.

Lmn.

Soc.

ii.

85

gilla involucrata, Falc. in Proc.

Kashmie,

alt.

5000-9000

ft.

anthers less
pubescence. H.

82

Brandis For. Fl. p. 216, t. xxviii.

Linn. Soc. i. 18 (without description).
;

Fother-

common.

A gregarious bush 6-12 ft. high, closely resembling a hazel; twigs and leaves
beneath with stellate pubescence. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., blunt, petiole \ in. long.
Flowers small, involucral bracts obovate J in. long.
Cafytf-segments narrow, oblong
or linear. Fruit in harsh spherical heads 1-1 in. diam.

2.

DISTYLIUM,

Sieb.

Zucc.

Small trees. Leaves alternate, persistent, coriaceous, entire, oblong-lanceolate -y

Flowers small, in short upright axillary
stipules lanceolate, early deciduous.
Calyx free, deeply 3-5-fid, imbricate ; somespikes, polygamous, not congested.
times wanting. Petals 0. Stamens 2-8, hypogynous ; anthers dehiscing by a
Ovary superior, 2-celled ; styles 2, soon distant at base, with
longitudinal slit.
capitate stigmas ; ovule solitary in each cell, attached near the upper inner angle.
Capsule woody ; endocarp horny, separating from the exocarp. Seed narrowly
Disteib. Species 2 ; one in Khasia, one
ellipsoid, testa shining, stramineous.
in China and Japan.


ly. hamamelide^:.

Vistylium.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

42T

1. D. indicum, Benth. in Herb. Griff. No. 3377; leaves 3-4 in. more
or less stellately pubescent beneath, petiole \ in., unripe fruit in. long densely

stellate tomentose.

Khasia Mts.

Griffith.

specimens are all in half-ripe fruit.

Baric lenticelled, the end of the
twigs and stipules with rusty stellate pubescence. Spikes 1-3 in. long, with stellate
pubescence, each bearing 2-4 fruits, pedicels |-1 in. long. The calyx seems to have
been early deciduous. Styles very long. This species appears near the typical B.
racemosum, Sieb. & Zucc. but has larger leaves not glabrous and much larger fruits ;
the ripe fruits in B. racemosum do not exceed \ in. long. B. racemosum is a tree25 ft. high.
Griffith's

3.

SYCOPSIS,

Oliv.

tree (or shrub).

Leaves alternate, petioled, entire, coriaceous, lanceolate ;.
stipules minute, early deciduous.
Flowers unisexual, in small close axillary
spikes, both sexes in the same spike.
Male : calyx very small ; petals ; sta-

mens 8

which number several appear abortive) ; rudimentary ovary 2-fid.

calyx-tube adnate to the ovary for f its height ; petals
ovary 2styles 2 separate
ovules solitary in each cell pendulous.

(of

Female
celled

S. Griffithiana, Oliv.
$ H. f. Gen. PI. i. 666.

1.

Benth.

in Trans. Linn.

Soc. xxiii.

83 with a figure

Khasia Mts. Griffith.

Boughs much branched with lenticular bark. Leaves 2-3 in. with stellate pubescence when young but soon glabrous petiole \ in. long. Spikes less than 1 in.
stellately pubescent (and with sheathing bracts Benth. Sf H. /.).
Young fruits ^ in.,
diam., white-tomentose with close matted stellate hairs.
Anthers dehiscent longi;

tudinally.

Specimens imperfect.
4.

CORYLOPSIS, Sieb.

Zucc.

Shrubs in habit leaves and inflorescence resembling hazels. Leaves alternate,

petioled, ovate or oblong, serrate, deciduous ; stipules large, deciduous. Flowers
appearing before the leaves in pendulous racemes, each flower nearly sessile
with a large sheathing bract. Calyx-tuhe adnate to the ovary, limb of 5 val-

Stamens 5, perigynous ;
vate lobes. Petals 5, perigynous, obovate-spathulate.
anthers separated by a somewhat broad connective, dehiscing longitudinally
Scales 5, alternate with the stamens, or 10-15 irregularly placed.
laterally.
Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled ; styles two, soon divaricate ; ovules 1 in each cell,,
Capsule woody, endocarp horny, separating from the exocarp.
pendulous.
Seeds narrowly ellipsoid, testa black shining. Disteib. Species 4, extending
from East Bengal through China to Japan.

C. XXimalayana,

Griff", in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,xxiii. 642, with

changed to C. grata ; twigs petioles and peduncles,
stellate-tomentose or pubescent, bracts and calyces silky, racemes dense in fruit.
H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 85. Hamamelida, Griff. Jc. PL Asiat. t. 633

1.

a figure wherein the name

is

(excellent).

Khasia Mts.,
Griffith.

alt.

40006000

ft,

common.

Bhotan,

alt.

50008000

ft.;


428

lv. hamamelide.e.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Corylopsis.

About 6 ft. high ; bark lenticelled. Leaves 4 in., round-ovate and acute, or
smaller and narrower, often cordate at base with a petiole -l in., plicate, glabrous
above, pilose silky or tomentose beneath
nerves straight, parallel, prominent.
Petals obovate or elliptic, unguiculate, yellow- white.
C. mtdtiflora, Hance, from the
tea districts of Fokien, hardly differs except that the nerves of the leaves are much
fewer and wider apart, and that the petals have a very long claw and round limb.
;

5.

LORO PET ALUM, Br.

much branching woody shrub. Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, persistent; stipules membranous, soon deciduous. Flower-hea,d.a peduncled, quasiCalyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb
terminal, ebracteate, of 6-8 sessile^owers.
of 4 valvate lobes. Petals 4, perigynous, linear, circinate in aestivation. Stamens
Hypogy4, perigynous, filaments very short, connective produced as a horn.
Ovary half-inferior, 2- celled; styles 2, distinct, soon
nous scales 4, very small.
Capsule woody, ovoid, endocarp
divergent ; ovules in each cell 1, pendulous.
horny, separating from the exocarp. Seeds narrowly ellipsoid, testa black
shining.

chinense, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 459. Hamamelis chinenBr. in Abel China, 375, with a figure suggesting the new genus Loropetalum.
DC. Prodr. iv. 269 H.f.$ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 85.
If.

sis,

Khasia Mts. alt. 4000-5000 ft. J. J). H. $ T. Thomson.Distrib. South China.

Twigs and inflorescence with much stellate pubescence. Leaves l-2in.long, stellate;

hairy on both surfaces (small in the Chinese specimens), acute, from a rounded
base ; petiole - in. long. Petals -| in. long, 4 or 5 times the sepals, yellowish.
Anthers short, the edges of the valves bent in to meet the connective, so that the
young stamen has 4 pseudo-cells ; the valves open from the connective and soon after

drop off altogether.

6.

MAINGAYA,

Oliver.

tree. Leaves alternate, undivided, petioled, persistent stipules small, deciduous. Heads peduncled, quasi-terminal, ebracteate, of about 15 flowers. Calyxtube adherent to the ovary ; the limb closed, splitting up on one side a little
way from the base and then circumscissile deciduous in a cap. Petals 5, perigynous, linear, circinate in aestivation. Stamens 5, perigynous, filaments very
short, connective produced as a horn.
Scales about 10, very small. Ovary halfinferior, 2-celled
styles 2 distinct, short
ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous.
Capsule woody, ovoid, endocarp horny, separating from the exocarp.
Seeds
;

unknown.
1.

M. malayana,

Oliv. in Trans.

Linn. Soc. xxviii. 517,

t.

44.

Penang; Maingay,1$o. 1871.

A tall tree with

rather small stem (ex Maingay), glabrous, the innovations pedstellate hairs.
leaves 3-5 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, petiole
- in. long glabrous. Petals J | in. long, 4-6 times the sepals. Dehiscing capsule
\ in. long and in. broad. Maingay a differs from Loropetalum in the 5 not 4 petals,
in the habit, but particularly in the calyx-limb circumscissile falling off in a cap before the flower expands.

uncles

and calyx with


lv. hamamelideje.

BucMandia.']

7.

429

(C. B. Clarke.)

BUCKLANDXA,

Br.

80

tree attaining

entire, long-petioled

Leaves alternate, cordate-ovate, acuminate,

ft. high.
stipules solitary or in pairs, large, oblong, coriaceous,

deciduous. Inflorescence of 2-5-peduncled heads, at first enclosed between a

pair of stipules ; flowers adnate by their calyces, about 8 in a head, polygamous.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb 5-lobed. Petals in the 9 flower linearStamens 10-14
spathulate, fleshy, variable in number in the $ rudimentary.
(in the $ r one) ; filaments long. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2, separate,
Capsule nearly superior,
soon divaricate ; ovules in each cell 6 in two rows.
woody, subglobose, endocarp horny, showing a tendency to separate from the
exocarp. Seeds in each cell 6, oblong, trigonous; the upper wingless solid,
without any embryo, the lower one in each cell winged fertile.
;

1. B. populnea, Br. in Wall. Cat. 7414

Griff, in Asiat. Res. xix. 95,
with two plates. B. populifolia, H. f. 8f T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 86 Kurz
Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 445. Liquidambar tricuspis, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. 1097 and Suppl. 346, with a figure.
;

Temperate Himalaya, from Nepal to Bhotan, alt. 5000-8000 ft., common.

Bttrmah, Griffith, Kurz. Distrib. Java,
alt. 4000-6000 ft., common.

Kttasia Mts.,
Sumatra.

Branches and adult leaves glabrous. Leaves 3-8 in. with a cartilaginous edge,
quite entire or 3 -cuspidate especially in young plants, petiole 1-5 in. glabrous or
when young densely silky with brown hairs. Peduncles (at least at first) densely
brown silky; as are the young ovaries. The Malayan Liquidambar tricuspis does
not differ in the smallest point from Himalayan specimens some of which have tricuspidate leaves and sericeous petioles. Cf. Kurz in Flora, 1871, p. 289.

8.

A LTINOI A, Noronha.

Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate or oblong, glandular-serrate, perFlowers in dense heads heads wrapped
by a large bract, males racemose, females solitary. Male heads a mass of stamens with very short filaments, probably representing numerous achlamydeous
flowers.
Anthers obverse-pyramidal, the valves when young turned in till they
reach the connective so that the young stamen is pseudo-4-celled ; dehiscing
longitudinally.
Female heads of 12-20 flowers; calyces confluent, without
limb. Petals
(some rudimentary stamens have been taken for petals). Ovary
f-inferior, 2-celled
styles 2, separate, deciduous
ovules numerous, axile.
Fruit-head globose, harsh. Seeds numerous ; lowest 1-2 of each cell winged
fertile, the upper without wing or embryo.
Distkib. Species 2; extending
from East Bengal to China and Malaya.
Trees.

sistent

stipules deciduous or persistent.

1. A. excels a, Noronha in Verh. Bat. Genootsch v. 41, ex BentK fy

Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. pt. ii. 669 leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, petiole
1-1 in. Kurz Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 446. Sedgwickia cera9ifolia, Grif.
in Asiat. Pes. xix. 99, with two plates. Liquidambar Altingia, Blume Fl.
Jav. fasc. xvii. 8, with a figure; H.f. fy T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 86 Miq. FL
;

Ind. Bat.

i.

pt.

i.

836.

L. Altingiana, Blume Bijd. 527.


430

lv. hamamelidej:.

(0. B. Clarke.)

[Altingia.

Pegu and Mergui, Kurz. Distrib. Java, Yunan.

Griffith.
high. Leaves 3-4 in., glabrous on both surfaces, or with tufts
of hairs in the axils of the nerves beneath. The only other species, A. chinensis,
differs in its thicker leaves, less acuminate, and much more shortly petioled.
Assam and Bhotan

A tree

60-100

ft.

Order LVI.

KALOBAGEJE.

(By O. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Herbs, either weak aquatics or small land plants.

Leaves opposite or

whorled (or in the Indian species occasionally partly alternate) when submersed
Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered,
often pectinately pinnatifid stipules 0.
sessile less often pedicelled, the whorls often simulating a spike hermaphrodite
Calyx-lobes 4 or 0.
Petals 4 epigynous or 0.
or unisexual, always small.
Stamens 8, 4, or 1 epigynous in the hermaph. flowers. Ovary inferior, 4-, 2- or
styles 4, 2 or 1, fimbriate or simple
ovules 4, pendulous (or in
1-celled
Fruit small dry or drupaceous, 4-2-1-celled, indehiscent or
Hippuris 1).
separating into its carpels; seeds 4 or more rarely 1. Distrib. Species 80,
many aquatic spread over the whole globe.
;

Flowers

Terrestrial.

all sessile or subsessile.

Stamens 8

1.

....

Male flowers pedicelled. Stamens 8

Aquatic. Stamen 1. Style 1. Ovule 1
Aquatic. Stamens 8 or 4. Styles 4. Seeds 4
Aquatic or subaquatic. Stamen 1. Styles 2. Seeds 4
Terrestrial.

1.

Haloragis.

2.
3.

Serpicula.
Hippuris.

4.

Myriophyixum.

5.

Callitriche.

KALORAGIS,i'r,/.

Branching wiry herbs. Leaves opposite, the upper sometimes alternate, toothed,
Flowers minute, nearly sessile in the axil of bracts, spicate or racemose,

rigid.

Calyx-tube 4-8-ribbed ; lobes 4 erect

StaPetals 4 coriaceous, often wanting in the $
mens 8 epigynous. Ovary 2- or 4-celled with 4 pendulous ovules ; stigmas 4
Fruit a dry 2-4-celled 2-4-seeded
(in the females at least) sessile, feathery.
nut ; but in the two Indian species by abortion 1-celled 1-seeded. Distrib.
Species 40 ; reaching from Japan and East Bengal to New Zealand ; Australia
being the centre of the genus ; one species found in Juan Fernandez.
partially unisexual or

hermaphrodite.

persistent acute valvate.

glabrous, leaves ovate

1. K. micrantha, Br. in Flinders Voy. ii. 550
acute denticulate, flowers in terminal often subpaniculate racemes. Benth. Fl.
Gonocarpus niiAustral, ii. 482. H. tenella, Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. t. 68.
cranthus, Thurib. Fl. Jap. t. 15 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 66. Goniocarpus micranthus,
Koen. 8f Sims Ann. Bot. i. 546, t. 12.
;

5000-7000 ft., Griffith, J. D. H. $ T. Thomson. Sikkim, alt.

J. D. H.
Distrib. From Sikkim and Japan across China Malaya

Khasia Mts.,
8000-10,000

ft.,

and Australia

to

alt.

New

Zealand.

wiry branching herb, stems 4-16 in. Leaves \ in., opposite, very shortly
petioled upper sometimes alternate passing by degrees into the lower bracts. Flowers
in.
Petals thrice the triangular sepals. Fruit about
very small pedicels about
in. long, shining, glabrous with 8 ribs, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
;

2. H. tetrag-yna, Hooh.f. Fl. New Zealand, i. 62 harshly though often

minutely scabrous, leaves lanceolate (ovate in the New Zealand form) serrate,
;

flowers in terminal often subpaniculate spikes.

H.

scabra, Benth. Fl.

Hongk.

139.
iii.

66.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lvi. halorage^:.

Maloragis.]

Goniocarpus scaler, Koen. fy Sims Ann. Pot.

G. tetragyna, LaUll. Fl. Nov. Moll. i. t. 53.

i.

547,

431
t.

12

DC.

Prodr.

between Nunklow and Myrung, and at KulChina, Malaya, Australia, New Zealand.
high
with many branches. Leaves in. in the
A
Khasia examples oblong acute,, as in the Chinese in the New Zealand much shorter
opposite, the upper sometimes alternate, passing by degrees into the
often ovate
bracts.
Flowers sessile, very small. Sepals triangular with a cartilaginous recurved
border. Petals twice the sepals, scabrous-pilose on their backs.
Fruit with 8 (often
obscure) ribs, tubercular, scabrous and covered also with most minute white points,
1-celled, 1 -seeded.
The Australian specimens agree with those of Bengal in these
minute points and moreover the fruit appears in the Australian specimens uniformly 1-seeded (as stated correctly by Koenig for the Chinese plant) and not
4-seeded (as stated and figured by La Billardiere).

Khasia Mts.,

long

J.

D. H.

alt.

5000-6000

T. Thomson.

ft.

Distrib.

suberect rigid herb 4-10

in.

2.

SERPICULA, Linn.

Herbs, small, decumbent, branching. Leaves opposite or alternate (often on

the same plant). Flowers monoecious, minute, clustered in the same axils, the
females sessile the males pedi celled. Male: calyx-tube short, lobes 4 ovate
acute petals 4, cucullate stamens 8 stigmas 4, rudimentary. Female calyxovary 1-celled styles 4
tube long, lobes 4 ovate acute petals and stamens
spreading with papillose or plumose stigmas ovules 4, pendulous. Nut minute,
Distkib. Species 2>"4 in the marshes of
ovate, 1-seeded, 8-ribbed or smooth.
warm Asia, Africa, and America.
*,

suffruticose, leaves linear or linear ob1. S. zeylanica, Am. in Merb.

ovate entire or with 1-3 linear small teeth on each edge, fruit glabrous 8-ribbed
S. indica, Thwaites partim, viz. OJP. No. 447, 146.
tuberculate on the ribs.
Haloragis oligantha, Am. Pugillus PI. Ind. Or. 18, not of W. fy A. Prodr.
;

Ceylon; Adams Peak, Thwaites.

Glabrous. Stems 6-16 in. Leaves - in. opposite and alternate on the same
stem, densely approximated. Pedicels of the male fl. equalling the leaves. Stamens
Fruit most minutely puncticulate between the ribs not pilose.
8.
Var. minor; stems very delicate scarcely 2 in. S. indica Thwaites $. minor
No. 146 partly. Ceylon, Central Provinces Thwaites. Appears worthy of specific
distinction, but Mr. Thwaites treats it as a variety.
;

leaves obovate-oblong or
2. S. indica, Thwaites JEnum. p. 123 partly
obovate dentate-serrate, fruit with minute glands and very small white hairs, ribs
very obscure or generally altogether wanting. S. brevipes and S. hirsuta, W.
# A. Prodr. 338. S. hirsuta, Wight. Ic. 1001 ; Am. Pugillus PI. Ind. Or. 18.
Serpicula sp., Wall. Cat. 7488.
;

Ceylon and Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula, alt. 6000-8000 ft., frequent. Mysore, T. Lobb.
Leaves -1 in.
Pilose, or sometimes glabrous except the ovary and calyx.
usually minutely ciliate on the edges, opposite with the upper ones alternate, or with
some lower leaves alternate also or all opposite. Pedicels of the male flowers
Stamens 8. Fruit generally very
usually as long as the leaves, often much longer.
free from ridges or tubercles.
;


432

lvi.

(C. B. Clarke.)

halorageje.

[Serpicuia.

Bory of Java; Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. vi. 126, slightly
from the most glabrous Indian specimens (8. brevipes W. $ A.) by being quite
glabrous, more robust in habit, a brighter red colour, and the fruit more tuberculate.
Serpicuia veetictliata, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 164 and Fl. Ind. iii. 578 is Hydrilla
verticillata Richard among the Vallisneriece.
8. veroniccefolia,

differs

HIPPURIS,

3.

Linn.

glabrous water plant, the stems thick, simple, leafy. Leaves in whorls of
4-6-12, linear or oblong. Flowers minute, solitary, sessile in the axils of the
Calyx-tube subcylindric, limb entire. Peleaves ; hermaphrodite or unisexual.
Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; style 1, linear, stigmatose
tals 0. Stamen 1, epigynous.

along nearly

its

whole length ovule

;

1,

pendulous.

Drupe

DC.

Prodr.

ellipsoid, very

smooth,

indehiscent, with a thick wall.

H. vulgaris,

1.

763

Linn. Sp. PI.

ii. 754.

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

West

p.

iii.

71

Engl. Bot.

t.

10,000-15,000 ft.; Falconer, T. Thomson, Strachey $ WinterCabul Dahuria and in the frigid or cool temperate waters of
the whole Northern Hemisphere also at Magellan Straits.
Leaves in the Tibet specimens about 1 in. 6-10 in the whorl. Flowers in the
upper part of the stem that emerges from the water ; lowest part of the stem losing
In all respects agreeing with the common European type.
its leaves.

bottom.

Tibet,

Disteib.

alt.

4.

MVRXOPHYX.X.UHX,

Linn.

Leaves dentate-serrate or pectinateHerbs, glabrous, their stems floating.

whorled in the Indian species except M. intermedin.
Flowers small, sessile or nearly so, in the axils of floral leaves or in
nearly naked spikes monoecious or hermaphrodite. Male : calyx-tube short,
stamens 2-8. Female calyx-tube deeply 4petals 2-4
limb 2-4-fid or
furrowed, limb or of 4 minute lobes petals minute or ; ovary inferior, 4- or
2-celled ; styles 2 or 4, short, usually recurved with plumose stigmas
ovules
Fruit 4-furrowed or separating into 4 or 2
solitary in each cell, pendulous.
Distbib. Species 15, found all over the world.
carpels.

pinnatifid, rarely entire,

Wight's Herb. No. 942 named M. indicum Willd. consisted really of M. intermedium DC. and M. tuberculatum Roxb. mixed together. The single plate we have
illustrating Indian Myriophyllum viz. Wight 111. t. 102 is made up of a stem of M. infruit (very good) of M. tuberculatum.
Further, the plate of Haloragis oliganiha Wight Ic. t. 1061 is M. intermedium DC. y
own
herbarium
specimens of Lis Haloragis oliganiha ; but not so
as are Wight's
Arnott's, as see under Serpicuia zeylanica above.
Wight's
Herb.
though
942
was named M. indicum, Willd., Wight's own
Lastly,
Herb. No. 1094 is truly M. indicum as Arnott quotes it to be in W. $ A. Prodr. 339.

termedium together with an analysis of the

M.

tuberculatum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 12 ; Fl. Ind. i. 451 ; spikes

1.
in fruit subterminal, floral leaves -f in. linear cuneate toothed upwards,
fruit in. long, a broad furrow between the acute carpel-backs, both the ridges
and the broad furrows carrying pointed small tubercles.
Wall. Cat. 6337 ; DC.
Miq. Fir Ind. Bat.

Prodr.

iii.

102 as

to the fruit only.

69

i.

pt.

M. indicum,

i.

635.

M. intermedium, Wight HI.

t.

Griff. Not. iv. 687.

Assam and East Bengal. Very common in the j heels, but no specimen from west
of Calcutta.
Upper whorls usually of male flowers, lower of female ; hermaphrodite flowers


Myriophyllum.']

lvi.

haloragej:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

4, but the number is probably not

Fruit looked down upon appears stellate.

Stamens always

also occur.
pink, much fimbriate.

433
constant.

Stigmas

2. 1*1 . indicum, Willd. Sp. PL iv. 407 ; spikes in fruit subterminal, floral
leaves - in. narrow-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, upper entire or crenate,
fruit scarce T\ in. long but much broader, carpels 4 rounded on the back but
separated by wide furrows tubercled and puberulous or finally quite smooth and
glabrous.
Wall. Cat. 6338 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 68 ; W. 8c A. Prodr. 339 ; Miq. FL
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 634. M. tetrandrum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 451 ; Grif. Notul. iv.
686
Prodr. 339 ; Miq. 1. c. 634. [M. indicum, Wight III. t. 102 to be
altogether excluded.

;W.$A.

~\

Assam and Bengal,

in the jheels

and

common, Coromandel coast and

canals,

Ceylon.

Upper whorls of male

Stamens

4.

flowers, lower of female, intermediate often hermaphrodite.

little fimbriate.
Fruit looked down upon appears

Stigmas green,

stellate.

There is a variety with longer floral leaves, so that the inflorescence is hardly
terminal, and with the leaves not quite opposite ; but the fruit noway approaches
that of M. intermedium.

HI. verticillatum, Linn. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 755 whorls of fruit
-l in. pectinate, segments linear, fruit about as long as
broad not deeply furrowed or tuberculate. DC. Prodr. iii. 68; Engl. Bot.
not Roxb. Hort. Beng. 12.
t. 218
3.

axillary, floral leaves

Kashmir, Falconer, Jacguemont, Thomson (all barren). Ponds above Shapiyon,

7000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke. Distbib. Persia, Dahuria, North Asia, Europe, North
America.
Fruit subquadrate, backs of the carpels rounded, furrows between them broad

alt.

but shallow.
4. HI. spicatum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 68; spikes always terminal,
bracts oblong entire shorter than the expanded petals, fruit in. ovoid, backs of
the carpels broad flattened furrows very narrow soon becoming deep, carpels
more or less tubercled on the back. Engl. Bot. t. 83 ; Gaertn. Fruct. t. 68
Fl. Dan. iv. t. 681 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 755.

Kashmib, alt. 5000 ft. descending to 1000 ft. along the northern boundary of the
Punjab frequent. Ktjmaon, alt. 5000 ft. Distbib. Cabul, cold and temperate
Northern Hemisphere.
Fruit ovoid, seen from above appears round, the valleys between the carpels being
too narrow to be noticed till closely examined.
The fruit of the Indian examples is
;

rather larger than that of the European, the backs of the carpels being very flat
somewhat corky and thickened called M. spicatum Linn. var. muricatum by Maximowicz (Diagn. PL xv. 183) who quotes correctly Griff". No. 2442 (Kew Distrib.).
;

5. TC. intermedium, DC. Prodr. iii. 69 fruit axillary, floral leaves -1

long alternate solitary or 2-3-nate linear and entire to lanceolate and inciseserrate, fruit very small hardly -^ in. long but less broad, carpels rounded and
most minutely scabrous on their backs, furrows shallow. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 634.
M. indicum, Wight III. t. 102, the plant only, not the fruit. M.
variaefolium, Hook. Ic. PL t. 289.
M. lineare, Heyne in Herb. Rottl. Haloragis oligantha, W. 8c A. Prodr. 338 ; Wight Ic. 1061 not of Am.
;

in.

Nilghibi Mts., alt. 7000 ft. Hohenacker No. 1563, Gardner, Schmidt, Wight.
Cuttalam, Deccan Peninsula, Bottler. Mayaburam, Sir T, Adam. Distrib. Malaya,
Australia, New Zealand, South America.
VOL. n.
FP
;

434

[Myriophyllum.

(0. B. Clarke.)

haloragej:.

lvi.

Leaves in the Indian examples sometimes whorled, more commonly in tufts of 1-3,
varitsfolium has the
each tuft placed irregularly round the stem. The Australian
leaves usually whorled but the whorls get broken and the Australian examples become thus exactly like the Indian the fruit is altogether the same. The correct
name of this plant i& open to much question. De Candolle's is the oldest, but the
accompanying description was drawn up to fit Hottonia sessiliflora, Vahl Symb. ii.
36 which probably was something altogether xlifferent then a Myriopkyllum is discovered in India which De Candolle's description very fairly fits, and Hohenacker
and others apply it to the Candollean name.

5.

CALLITBICHE,

Linn.

Glabrous slender annual herbs growing in moist places, or their branches

floating or submerged.

Leaves opposite, linear- or obovate-spathulate, entire, the

upper ones often rosulate. Floivers minute, axillary, unisexual, usually monoecious,
solitary, or sometimes one male and one female in the same axil simulating a
hermaphrodite flower achlamydeous bracteoles white, membranous, linearoblong, very caducous. Male stamen 1. Female ovary 4-ridged 4-celled
styles 2, elongate, stigmatose their whole length ovules solitary in each cell,
pendulous. Fruit coriaceous, indehiscent, 4-seeded, the 4 carpels at length
separating.
Distrib. Species 1 or 2 found almost all over the globe but some
authors allow 10 or 20 species.
;

[The distribution of such critical species as these Callitriches cannot be safely

stated; there are examples collected in Sikkim, alt. 8000-9000 ft., by Sir J. D.
C. verna (and not C. stagnalis), but they show no fruit.]

Hooker which are probably

1.

C. stagnalis, Scop. Fl. Carniol.

ii.

251

leaves obovate-spathulate,

but hardly winged.

O. Wightiana,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

styles subpersistent, fruit suborbicular the edges acute keeled

Koch Syn.

Germ. 212 Heqelm. Monogr.

7008 W. A. Prodr. 339 Wight
Fl.

Wall. Cat.
pt. i. 635.

58.

Callitrich.

Ic.

1947

i.

Indian mountains from the Himalaya,

7000

alt.

5000-10,000

Ceylon, alt. 5000 ft., Thwaites. Distrib. Europe.

Africa, Malaya, Australia and New Zealand.
2.

ft.

C. verna, Linn.

Koch Syn.

Fl. Germ. 212

fruit longer than broad the edges not keeled.

Temperate Western Himalaya,

7000
America.

alt.

ft.,

C.

B. Clarke.

Order LVII.

Distrib.

alt.

Europe.

RHIZOPHOREffi.

to the Deccan, alt.

North Asia, Tropical

ft.,

leaves oblong-spathulate,
Callitrich. 55.

Hegelm. Monogr.

5000-8000 ft., Edgeworth; Kashmir,

Cold and temperate Asia and North

(By the Kev. G. Henslow, F.L.S.)

Trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite, stipulate (except Anisophyllea), usually
coriaceous, glabrous ; stipules interpetiolar, very caducous.
Flowers axillary,
usually bisexual, surrounded at the base with connate or cupuliform bracts or
Calyx more or less adnate to the ovary (except Blepharistemma) ;
ebracteate.

limb produced beyond the ovary, 4-14-lobed lobes valvate, persistent.

Petals
equal in number to the sepals, entire emarginate 2-fid or lacerate.
Stamens
usually twice the number of petals, in pairs opposite to and embraced by them,
rarely indefinite (Kandelid) anthers 2-celled, rarely multi-locellate (Bhizophora)
Ovary from 5- to 1-celled by solution of the septa styles connate (except in
;

Ehizophora.']

rhizophorejj.

lvii.

(G. Hensldw.)

435

ovules usually 2 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit coriaceous,

mostly indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous, arillate or not albumen
embryo inverted, small if surrounded by albumen, elongated if
fleshy or
exalbuminous radicle macropodous in the tribe Rhizophorece, perforating the
apex of the pericarp and germinating while the fruit still adheres to the tree.
Distrib. Tropical plants many sharing with an arboreal vegetation the muddy
shores of the estuaries of rivers.
Genera 17, species about 50.

Anisophyllea)

Tribe

I.

style single.
is still

on the

Rhizoplioreae. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Ovary inferior

Embryo exalbuminous, macropodous, germinating while the fruit
tree.

Ovary 2-celled
Petals 4, entire. Stamens 8.
Ovary 3-celled
Petals 5-6, emarginate. Stamens 10-12.
Petals 5-6, lacerate. Stamens oo
Ovary 1-celled
Petals 8-1 4, 2-fid. Stamens 16-28. Ovary 2-4-celled

...

Tribe

Khizophora.

1.
.

2.

Ceriops.

3.

Kandelia.
Bruguiera.

4.

Legnotideao.

Leaves opposite, stipulate.

Ovary half-infebut adnate to the base of the calyx ; style single. Embryo immersed in fleshy albumen.
II.

rior or superior

Calyx-tube minutely braeteolate, half-superior, lobes erect

Calyx-tube ebracteolate, half-superior, lobes reflexed
Calyx-tube ebracteolate, adnate to the base of the ovary cells
of the ovary 4-ovuled
Calyx-tube with connate bracteoles, adnate to the base of the
ovary, lobes patent cells of the ovary 2-ovuled
Calyx-tube ebracteolate, adnate to the base of the ovary, lobes
.

5.

Carallia.

6.

Peixacalyx.

7.

Gynotroches.

....

erect

Tribe
rior

III.

styles 4.

Anisophylleae.

8.

Weihea.

9.

Bijepharistemma.

Leaves alternate, exstipulate.

Ovary

infe-

Embryo exalbuminous.

Characters of the tribe

10.

1.

Anisophyllea.

BKIZOPKORA, Linn.

Branches marked by leaf-scars. Leaves ovate or elliptic, mucronate.

Trees.
Flowe?-s rather large, on axillary 2-3-chotomously divided and few-flowered
Calyx 4-lobed, surrounded at the base by connate bracteoles. Petals
cymes.
Anthers subsessile, multi-locellate.
Ovary
4, entire, inserted on a fleshy disk.
2-celled, half-inferior, projecting beyond the calyx as a fleshy cone ; cells 2ovuled ; stigma bifid. Fruit coriaceous, ovoid or obconic, crowned with the
Radicle elongated, clavate, perforating the apex of
reflexed limb of the calyx.
the fruit and descending from the tree into the mud. Distrib. About 5 species : frequent on pauddy tropical shores.

mucronata, Lam. Diet.

iv. 169
III. t. 396, f. 2
same year longer than the

peduncles arising
about 3flowered, flowers pedicellate. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. xiii. fig. 4 Dalz.
# Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 95; Wight III i. 209; Ic. t. 238; Kurz For.. Ft. Brit.
Burm. i. 447. R. macrorrhiza, Griff, in Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calc. viii. 2.
R. candelaria, W. $ A. Prodr. i. 310 Wall. Cat. 4876. R. Mangle, Linn. ;
Moxb. Fl. lnd. ii. 459.Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 34.
1.

It.

from the

axils of leaves of the

petioles

'

FF


436

lvii.

rhizophorE53.

(G. Henslow.)

A
;

[Rhizophora,

Tidal shores from the mouths of the Indus to Malacca and Ceylon. Distrib.
Tropical shores of Asia, Africa and Australia.
A large shrub or tree, evergreen. Leaves 3-7 by l-4 in., narrowed at the base.
Petal*
Calyx-lobes triangular, narrowing upwards.
Flowers more or less drooping.
margins involute.
villous, shorter than the calyx-limb, subconnivent, coriaceous
variety in Malacca, E. stylosa, Griff, (sp.) Notul. iv. 666; and Ic. PI. Asiat. t.
640, differs according to Griffith from, R. conjugata in its smaller stature, length of
style, smaller radicle, more villouspetals and more elongated base of the flowers, but
the description shows a~cloeeF" agreement with R. mucronata than with R. conjvgata.
;

2. R. conjugata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iii. 33; peduncles arising from

the axils of (fallen) leaves of the previous year snorter than the petioles
mostly 2-flowered, flowers sessile. R. candelaria, DC. 1. c. 32. R. apiculata,
Blume Flor. Jav. i. 91, and Mus. Bot. 134; Wight III. i. 209, t. 3 ; Kurz For.
Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 447.

Tidal marshes from the mouths of the Indus to Malacca and Ceylon. Distrib.
Tropical shores of Asia and Africa.
Shrubby or arborescent. Leaves 4-8 by l-3 in., usually more lanceolate than in
Calyx-lobes ovate. Petals glabrous, linear,,
the preceding species and subacuminate.
Stamens 11-12.
flat, submembranous.

2.

CERIOPS, Am.

Trees. Leaves ovate or obovate. Peduncles axillary with subcapitate flowers.

Calyx 5-6-merous, surrounded at the base with connate bracts. Petals 5-6, inserted at the base of a 10-12-lobed fleshy disk, emarginate, appendiculate
lobes of the petals with clavate or capitate bristles.
Stamens 10-12, filaments
inserted between the lobes of the disk slender; anthers 2-celled.
Ovary 3celled (at least above), cells 2-oVuled; style short, stigma simple.
Fruit
coriaceous, ovoid, surrounded by ,the reflexed limb of the calyx, 1-celled,
1-seeded.
Germination as in Rhizophora. Disteib. Species 2 or 3, natives of

the tropical shores of the Old World.

Am.

1.
C. Candolleana,
in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 363; calyx 5-cleft,
lobes linear acute, petals 5 glabrous emarginate tip with 3-4 capitate bristles.
Blume Mus. Bot. 142; Wight III. i. 209; Ic. t. 240; Bedd. Flor.. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. t. xiii. fig. 5 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 590 ; Brandis For. Fl. 218 ; Kurz,
For. Fl. Brit. Bu?vn. i. 448. R. timorensis, DC. Prodr. iii.' 32.

Tidal forests, &c, from the mouths of the Indus to Malacca and Ceylon.

Distrib.

of the genus.

small shrub or small tree.

cuneate or attenuate at the base.

Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., obovate, very obtuse,

Flowers in rather loose cymes or subcapitate.
Stamens 10, alternately shorter. Ovary half-inferior, 3-celled. Fruit small, clubshaped or suboTate, surrounded near the base by the reflexed segments of the calyx.
2. C. Roxburg-hiana, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 363; calyx 5-6-cleft,
lobes subovate subobtuse, petals concave glabrous below setoso-ciliate above
towards the apex. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat,, i. 591 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm.
i. 448.
Rhizophora decandra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36 ; Wall. Cat. 4875.

Tidal forests from the Sunderbunds to Malacca. Distrib. of the genus.

tree or shrub.
Leaves 1-4 by to 2 in., narrowed at the base, very obtuse, reddish brown beneath, glabrous.
Inflorescence of small axillary cymes or
glomerules. Peduncle very short.
Stamens 10-12.

A dwarf

Kandelia.]

rhizophore^.

lvii.

3.

(G. Henslow.),

KANDELIA,

Wight

8f

437

Am.

small tree. Leaves oblong, obtuse. Peduncles axillary, dichotomously

Calyx 5-6-merous, surbranched, few-flowered. Flowers rather large, white.
rounded at the base by connate bracteoles, adnate to the base of the ovary
Stamens
lobes linear, valvate.
Petals 2-fid lobes multifid, segments capillary.
indefinite, filaments slender exserted.
Ovary 1-celled, prolonged above the
calyx into a fleshy cone ; stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 6, fixed in pairs to a central
column. Fruit ovoid, girt by the reflexed limb of the calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Radicle fusiform, very acuminate.
Germination as in Rhizophora.
;

K. Rheedii, W. $ A.

1.

Prodr. i. 310 Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 365

Rot. 135 ; Wight III. i. t. 89 Hook. Ic. PI. t. 362
Wall. Cat.
Redd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 100, pi. xiii. fig. 6 Kurz For. Fl. Brit.
Rhizopora Oandel, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 32. Rheede Hort.
i. 449.
;

Blume Mus.
4876

Rurm.
Mai.

vi. t.

35.

Sunderbtjnds and tidal shores of both Peninsulas and Ceylon.

Distbib.

Malay

Islands.

A small evergreen tree. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., narrowed at the base, quite entire,
dark green above, reddish brown beneath, glabrous. Peduncles about 1^ in., erect,
twice branched dichotomously. Fruit 1 in. long, conic-ovoid.
4.

BRUGUIERA,

Lam.

Leaves usually coriaceous, oblong, quite entire.

Peduncles axillary,
Trees.
recurved, 1-qo -flowered. Floivers rather large, coriaceous. Calyx 8-14-merous,
obconical or campanulate, ebracteate, adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes
subulate-lanceolate, valvate. Petals oblong, 2-lobed, appendiculate, embracing the
Stamens 16-28,
stamens which spring elastically from them when mature.
filaments filiform ; anthers linear, mucronate, about as long as the filaments.
Ovary 2-4-celled, included in the calyx-tube ; cells 2-ovuled ; style filiform,
stigma 2-4-lobed minute. Fruit turbinate, coriaceous, crowned with the calyxGermination as in Rhizophora. Distrib. Species
limb, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
about 8 in the tropics of the Old World.

1. B. g-ymnorhiza, Lamk. III. t. 397; peduncles 1-flowered, calyx

about 12-cleft, lobes linear acuminate erect about f in. in length equalling
the tube in fruit, petals densely hairy at the base nearly glabrous above 2-lobed
W. fy A.
with 2-4 bristles on each lobe and 1 in the notch, ovary 3-4-celled.
Prodr. 311 Rrand. For. Fl. 219 Miq. Fl. Ind,. Rat. i. 586 Blume Mus. Rot.
B. Rheedii, Miq. 1. c. 587 Rlume,
136 Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Rurm. i. 450.
Redd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. PI. xix. fig. 1 Wight Ic. t. 239 Balz. $
1. c. 136
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 397. Rhizophora gymnorrhiza, Roxb. Fl.
Gibs. Romb. Fl. 95
;

Ind.

to

ii.

460

Griff. Ic.

PL

Asiat.

t.

645.

Littoral and especially estuarian forests of India from the mouths of the Indus
Malacca and Ceylon. Distbib. Tropical Asia, Australia, Africa and the Pacific.
A large evergreen tree. Leaves slightly acuminate, 3-6 by 1^-2^ in. stipules
;

Flowers
oblong, very deciduous. Peduncles cernuous, shorter than the petioles.
about 1 in. diam. Calyx-tube almost campanulate, limb 10-14-cleft. Petals 10-14.
Radicle fusiform with about 6 prominent angles, apex obtuse. A variety {B. Wighiii,
Bl. sp.) growing at the mouth of the Ganges and Indian Archipelago only differs apparently from the preceding by the entire margins of the petals being more or less

ihairy.


438

LVir.

rhizophorej].

(G. Henslow.)

[Bruguiera.

ped2. B. eriopetala, W. 8f A. in Wight III. i. p. 210; Ic. t. 239 B.

uncles 1-flowered, calyx usually about 10-cleft, lobes linear acuminate about
1 in. exceeding the ribbed tube in fruit, petals with margins densely hirsute
with silvery hairs from base to apex lobes somewhat obtuse, one seta on each
Wall. Cat. 2451 ; Brands
lobe and one longer in the notch, ovary 3-4-celled.
For. Fl. 219. B. Rumphii, Blume Mus. Bot. 138. B. parietosa, Griff. Notul.
iv. 670 ; Ic. PL Asiat. t. 641.
;

Malabar; at Quilon, Wight. Malayan Peninsula, Griffith. Distrib. Malay

Archipelago, China.
A tree. Leaves ovate or oblong, acuminate at both ends. Calyx-lobes from 9-14,
somewhat triquetrous, suberect in fruit. Anthers linear.
3. B. caryophylloides, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 141 ; peduncles about
3-flowered, calyx about 8-cleft, lobes linear subacute about \ in. reflexed and
half the length of the tube in fruit, petals ciliate from base to apex nearly erect
Miq. Fl. Ind.
bifid bearing 3-4 bristles and 1 in the notch, ovary 2-celled.
Bat. i. 589 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 450. Rhizophora caryophylloides.
Jack Mai. Misc. i. 34; Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 80; Wall. Cat. 4879; DC. Prodr.
Wight III. t. 210. R. cylindrica,
iii. 32, 8; Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 368 ;
Linn. sp. 635. Kanilia caryophylloides, Blume Mus. Bot. 141. Rheede Hoi-t.

Mai.

vi. t. 33.

Distrib. Malay
Archipelago.
small tree. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, scarcely
coriaceous.
Peduncles shorter or nearly equalling the petioles, 1-5- usually 3flowered buds subacute, pedicelled. Calyx-tube obtuse at the base, not ribbed. Fruit
about in., urceolate, slightly constricted below the calyx-limb. Radicle subclavate,
subacute.

Tidal forests of India, from Malabar to Malacca and Ceylon.

4. B. malabarica, Am. in Wight HI. i. 210 ; peduncles about 3-flowered,

calyx about 8-cleft, lobes subobtuse reflexed about | in. and half the length of
the tube in fruit, ovary 2-celled. Rhizophora cylindrica, Linn, sp. 635 in part.
Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 33.

Malabar Coast

Rheede, Wight.
Leaves herbaceous. Peduncles equalling the petioles, 3-flowered. Buds
obtuse, sessile.
Fruit about ^ in. long, campanulate, not or scarcely constricted below
the calyx-limb. Radicle as in the last species but apparently much softer than that of
any other. This may prove to be a variety or subspecies of B. caryophylloides.

tree.

5. B. parviflora, W. 8? A. Prodr. i. 311

peduncles many-flowered,
calyx about 8-cleft, lobes lanceolate about
in. long erect much shorter than
the tube in fruit, petals with 5 bristles, ovary 3-celled, fruit subcylindric about
1 in. long, radicle subcvlindric slender truncated,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 588 ;
Wight III. i. 210; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 101; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 449.
Rhizophora parviflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 641 ; Wall. Cat. 4877. R. cylindrica,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36
Wall. Cat. 4877. Kanilia parviflora, Blume Mus. Bot..
140 1. 30; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 95.

Littoral forests, from the Sunderbunds to Malacca.

Distrib. Malayan Archipelago.
shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong or broadly lanceolate. Peduncles once or
twice trichotomous.
Calyx-tube tapering at the base, ribbed; lobes very short and.

rigid.


rhizophorej:.

lyii.

Qarallia.']

5.

(G. Henslow.)

CARALLIA,

439

Roxb.

Trees and shrubs.

Leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic. Peduncles short, rather

Floioers small, in short 3-chotomous axillary branching cymes, sessile
and often crowded. Calyx-tube minutely bracteate at the base ; limb 5-8-lobed,
campanulate ; lobes erect, short, valvate. Petals 5-8, inserted on the margin of
a crenulated disk lining the calyx-tube, clawed, orbicular, 2-fid or entire, subserrate or lacerate at the apex.
Disk epigynous, 10-16-lobed. Stamens inStyle subulate
serted with the petals, filaments filiform ; anthers small, oblong.
thick.

or filiform.

'

Seed globoseDisteib. Species about 7, natives of

F?-uit small, globose, coriaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded.

reniform ; testa fibrous

the Indian Ocean.

embryo curved.

1. C. integ-errima, DC. Prodr. iii. 33 ; leaves quite entire or rarely

serrulate towards the apex obovate elliptic or oblong, flowers usually 8-merous
cymoso-capitate, petals not embracing the filaments.
Wight HI. t. 90 ; Benih.

in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 67 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. cxciii. ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
0. cevlanica, corymbosa and sinensis,
in Tayl.
; Brand. For. Fl. 219.
Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 371. 0. lucida, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 451 ; Wall.

Am.

95

Cat. 4880 ; Wight 1c. t. 605.

0. timorensis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 128 (ex char.).
0. octopetala, F. Muell. PI. Aust. Trop. Occid. 0. symmetrica, Blume Mus.
Bot. i. 130. Pootia cereopsifolia, Miq. PI. Hoehst.

Forests of the outer 'Sikkim Himalaya, Bengal, Assam, Silhet, Btjbmah, both
Distrib. Malay Archipelago, China, Australia.
An evergreen tree with very lucid foliage. Flowers small, white. Berry globose,
size of a peppercorn, usually 1-seeded.
The leaves vary excessively. The Cingalese specimens are often all obovate and very obtuse; in some Chinese and Philippine Islands
ones they are narrow-oblong and acuminate, in the majority from the greater part of
the area, viz., Ceylon and the Indian Peninsulas, China, the Indian Archipelago and
N. W. Australia, they are elliptic-ovate. Bentham (Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. c.) has shown
good cause for setting aside ^Roxburgh's specific name of C. lucida.

Peninsulas and Ceylon.

2.

C.

lance ae folia,

Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 481 leaves elliptic or oblong regu6 -8-merous subcapitate, petals embracing the filaments.
iii. t. 604
Kurz For. Fl. Brit Burm. i. 437 Wight Ic. t. 604.
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 129. 0. lucida, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 211 Wight
;

larly serrulate, flowers

Wight

Ic.

0. confinis,
Ic. iii. t. 605.

0. lanceolaria, Wall. Cat. 4881.

Tropical forests of Tenasserim, Kurz. Distrib. Sumatra.

Cymes less crowded than in the last species. Petals reniform, crenulate.
larger than the preceding, turbinato-globose, 2-3-seeded.
3.

Fruit

C. calycina, Thwaites Enum. 121 leaves ovate or elliptical quite

dichotomous, cymes slightly branching above the
;

entire, peduncles rather long

middle.

Ceylon, Singh Eajah

forest,

between Galle and Eatnapoora, at no great elevation,

Thwaites.
great tree.

Leaves l-3 by 1-lf in., ovate, shortly acuminate, narrowed at the

Bracbase, punctate beneath petiole ~-\ in. ; stipules about f in. very deciduous.
teoles rounded, retuse, often mucronate, about
Flowers subsessile, in. diam.
in.
Calyx-lobes 4, equalling the tube. Petals broadly cordate, clawed, margin incisosinuate.
Ovary 4-celled stigma crenate.
;

Var.

Thwaites 1. c. leaves shorter more rounded and coriaceous.

4-5000 ft., Thwaites.

fi.

vince, alt.

Central Pro-


440

lvii.

6.

;;;

(G. Henslow.)

rhizophorejE.

FELLA CALYX,

[Pdlacalyx.

Korth.

small tree, ferruginously pubescent. Leaves oblong, minutely serrulate or

Flowers
entire, subscabrous above, rufescent with stellate pubescence beneath.
Calyx ebracteolate ; limb
subsolitary or in dichotomously branched glomerules.
Petals 2-6, tips lacerate. Sta6-8-fid, recurved, campanulate above the ovary.
mens 10-12, inserted with the petals on the margin of a crenukted disk lining
Ovary with the ovuthe calyx-tube, filaments short subulate ; anthers small.
style subulate, stigma discoid, 5-10-lobed ;
liferous part inferior, 5-10-celled
pvules many in each cell, fascicled, pendulous from the axis. Fruit pisiform or
Seeds ovoid, testa striated
turbinate, black, fleshy, 5-10-celled, many-seeded.
embryo becoming green, straight, in the axis of the albumen; cotyledons
scarcely broader than the terete elongated radicle.
;

t.
t.

1. P. axillaris, Korth in Van der Hoev. et de Tries Tijdschr. iii. 20,

2 Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 75 Griff. Notul. iv. 429 Ic. PL Asiat.
486 (Cunoniacese).
;

Penang and Malacca,

Griffith.

Leaves 5-8 by l-3 in., shortly acuminate. Flowers small, shortly pedicelled,
Calyx-tube in. long, densely ferruginously pubescent.
erect.

7.

GYNOTROCHE3,

Small trees and shrubs.

Blume*

Leaves oblong stipules deciduous. Floiuers small,

peduncles jointed in the middle.
Calyx ebracteolate, 4-5axillary, fascicled
partite segments valvate, reflexed. Petals 4-5, inserted below the margin of an
8-10-lobed perigynous disk, clawed, spathulate, fimbriate-lacerate.
Stamens
8-10, inserted in the disk, filaments filiform ; anthers small.
Ovary superior,
adhering by a broad base to the calyx, ovoid-globose, 3-6-angled, 3-6-celled
style columnar, fun-owed, conical at the base
stigma 3-6-lobed, lobes emarginate recurved ovules 4 in each cell, ascending, fascicled. Berry globose, 4-6celled, many-seeded.
Seeds small, obovoid, testa crustaceous wrinkled, albumen
fleshy embryo terete.
Distrib. Species 2, natives of the Malay Islands.
;

G-. axillaris, Mia. Ft. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 592; Blume Mus. Bot. i.
xxxi. ; Kurz. For. Ft. Brit. Burm. \. 451.
G. Dryptopetalum, Blume
I. c.
G. reticulata, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Explor. JSxped. vol. i. 607, ex descr.
Dryptopetalum coriaceum, Am. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 372, Microtropis coriacea, Wall. Cat. n. 4338.
1.

127,

t.

Sincapore and Penang, Anderson, Wallich. Malacca, Griffith. Moulmein,

Lobb.
Distbib. Malay Archipelago.
Leaves 2-5 in., oblong or elliptic, acuminate, coriaceous. Flowers small, numerous,
axillary, subdicecious male with petals and perfect stamens
ovary often empty
stigma not dilated female or hermaphrodite flowers with longer pedicels petals and
stamens often smaller, the latter sometimes effete stigma radially lobed. Fruit
baccate, ^_i. in. diam.

8.

Trees or shrubs.
interpetiolar, oblong,
uncles.
Calyx with
under the margin of

WEIHEA, Sprang.

Leaves oblong, quite entire or obtusely serrate stipules

deciduous. Floivers in axillary 1- or more flowered pedV
connate bracts
limb 4-5-fid, patent. Petals inserted
an obscure disk, clawed, spathulate,' fimbriate-lacerate,
;


Weihea.']

(G. Henslow.)

rhizophoke^.

lvii.

;;

441

longer than the sepals. Stamens 16-30, inserted on the margin of the disk
Ovary superior, 3-5-furrowed, 2-4-celled
filaments filiform anthers oblong.
style filiform, stigma with 2-4 radiating lobes ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral,
pendulous. Fruit globose, fleshy, 2-4-celled, septicidally but slowly dehiscing
into 2-4 valves cells 1-2-seeded.
Seeds arillate, ovoid, subtrigonal, testa coriaceous embryo straight, cotyledons elliptical, radicle terete. Disteib. Species
5, natives of S. and Trop. Africa, Madagascar and Ceylon.
;

1.

W.

ceylanica,

Baill.

in Cole. Journ. Nat. Hist.

t.

vi.

Adans.

344,

t.

Anstrutheria zeylanica, Gard.

38.
Thwaites Enum. 121 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.

iii.
;

exciv.

Maisob and Carnatic, Wight, &c.

no great

Ceylon, Galle

District, Trincomalee,

&c,

at

elevation.

A very much branched

Leaves 3-3 by
shrub or small tree.
Branches terete.
rounded at the base, green and shining above,
pale beneath, nerves reticulate prominent on both surfaces petiole about ^ in. Peduncles solitary or in pairs, shorter than the petioles. Flower-buds of full size six
months before opening. Calyx-limb 4-fid segments ovate, acute, persistent, densely
covered with adpressed hairs, valvate. Petals 4, hypogynous, cuneate, imbricated in
bud. Stamens about 30, hypogynous anthers erect, cordate, obtuse.
Ovary superior, 3-celled
style simple, persistent.
Berry thick, spongy. Embryo in the axis of
fleshy albumen cotyledons flat, veined radicle thick, elongated and directed upwards.

in.,

petioled, glabrous, acuminate,

9.

BLEFKARISTEIVIIVIA,

Wall.

shrub ? Leaves opposite, petioled, membranous, elliptic-oblong, acuminate,

crenately-toothed ; stipules small, caducous.
Flowers in 2-3-chotomous manyflowered axillary cymes, polygamo-dicecious.
Calyx-tube ovoid, ebracteolate ;
lobes 4, minute, triangular, erect.
Petals 4, twice the length of the calyx, inDisk
serted round a disk at the base of the calyx-tube, clawed tips lacerate.
Stamens 8, inserted
of the female often cleft.
free ; of the male, 8-toothed
upon the margin of the disk in the female small, filaments ciliated anthers
small, oblong.
Ovary obtusely subtrigonal, contracted at the base, ovoid, free,
3-celled cells 2-ovuled
style of the female flower longer than the calyx,
stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Fruit unknown.
;

1.

B.

corymbosum,

Wall. Cat. 6320

78 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen.

Miq. in PI. Hohenack. n. 713.
;

PI. xiv.

fig. 2.

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

iii.

Dryptopetalum raembranaceum,

Western Peninsula,

Heyne, &.
stipules lanGlabrous, excepting the inflorescence and buds. Leaves l|-2 in.
ceolate, membranous, pubescent. Calyx minutely roughened above. Stamens ciliated
like the claws of the petals.
Bisk almost entirely free from the calyx. Ovary narrow, empty style short. Petals in the female flowers, shorter. Stamens less anthers
small, effete ? Bisk smaller.
Style longer than the calyx.
;

10.

ANISOPHYLLEA,

Br.

Trees and shrubs, glabrous, young parts silky. Leaves exstipulate, distichous alternate ones smaller or minute, and often stipuliform or
?, oblique,
ovate lanceolate or elliptic, with 3-5 main nerves branching from the base,
quite entire. Floivers minute in axillary simple or fascicled spikes, ebracteate or
minutely bracteolate bi- or unisexual.
Cidyx-tube ovoid, adnate to the ovary,
terete or ribbed
limb 4-fid, lobes erect. Petals 4, small, involute, entire, lobed
or lacerate.
Sta?nens 8, filaments short, subulate anthers small, didymous, pro;


442

lvit.

(G. Henslow.)

rhizophoreji.

[Anisophyllea.

bably abortive in the females.

Ovary inferior, 4-celled styles 3-4, subulate,,
erect or recurved, stigmas acute or subcapitate ; ovules solitary in each cell,
pendulous, anatropous. Fruit coriaceous, oblong or pyriform, ribbed or smooth,
1-seeded.
Seed pendulous, exalbuminous, testa coriaceous embryo clavate, cotyledons very small or 0, radicle large. Distrib. Species 5, natives of Tropical
;

Asia and Africa.

1. A. zeylanica, Benth. in Niger Flora 342 and 375; leaves broadly
ovate^lanceolate acuminate narrowed at the base with about five prominent
nerves parting from the base, inflorescence of racemes supra-axillary solitary or
Tetracrypta cinnaThwaites Enum. 119 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 195.
geminate.
momoides, Gardn. fy Champ, in Hook. Kew Journ. i. 314 and v. 378, t. 5.

Ceylon; southern and central parts ascending to 1500 ft.

bark smooth lower branches horizontal, upper suberect twigs
tree 40-50 ft.
puberulous. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, younger red pairs opposite in vernation, the smaller squamiform 1 -nerved caducous, the larger 5 -nerved with involute

Calyx-limb superior, 4-cleft;

margins. Flowers small, subsessile. Bracts minute.
lobes acute, valvate, persistent. Petals somewhat fleshy, laciniate, induplicate in
aestivation
segments 5, linear-subulate. Stamens 8, alternately shorter filaments
Styles 4, erect, conico-subulate,
subulate, inserted on the calyx anthers versatile.
stigmas capitate.
;

2. A. distich a, Hook, in Herb.; leaves rhomboid-oblong inequilateral

5-nerved distichous entire, flowers subsolitary, petals 3-toothed.
Haloragis
disticha, Ja,ck. in Mai. Misc. ii. 19 ; and in Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 371.

Malay Peninsula;

Jack. Singapore. Distrib. Sumatra

shrub with rusty hairy branches. Leaves in two series, one of large leaves and
another of very small stipuliform ones inserted below the insertion of the larger so
as to overlap their bases the larger 1-1 in., subsessile, nearly glabrous above, beneath with short appressed hairs, the smaller \ in., similar in shape but more acute.
Stamens as long as the peCalyx-lobes persistent. Petals shorter than calyx, 3-fid.
tals anthers 2-celled.
Ovary 4-gonous, ferruginous, 4-celled styles 4, equalling the
stamens stigmas simple. Drupe oblong-ovate, red stone with 8 longitudinal fur-

rows, 1-seeded.
3. A. Griffith!!, Oliver in Trans. Zinji. Soc. xxiii. 460, t. 48 ; leaves
lanceolate or ovate often slightly acuminate, spikes solitary or geminate.

Malacca, Griffith.
Probably a tree. Leaves 3-4 by 1-11 in.,

petiole ^-in., coriaceous, turning yellow on drying; nerves 3, 1 central, 2 closely parallel to the margin. Flowers sessile,
somewhat remote. Calyx-lobes coriaceous, triangular, valvate. Petals shorter than
the sepals, coriaceous, broadly quadrate-oblong, entire or scarcely 3-lobed.
Stamens
anthers
8, 4 opposite to and closely embraced by the petals, filaments rather stout
rounded
or
small,
didymous.
Ovary 4-celled below styles 4.
;

4.

rowed

A. grandifolia,

G. Henslow; leaves oblong acuminate scarcely narat the base 5-nerved quite entire, panicles axillary with subfasciate

branches.

Penang, Maingay.

A tree about

50

trunk very stout.

Leaves large, 3^-1 0 in., coriaceous. Infasciate branches, forming an irregularpanicle pedicels
sessile male flowers with a few female
possessing rudimentary ? stamens male buds
in. in diam., female rather larger.
Mate Fl. Sepals 4, valvate, puberulous lobes triangular. Petals 4, fringed. Stamens 8, opposite to and embraced by the petals filaments short. Pistil rudimentary ;
ft.,

somewhat flattened or
bearing numerous minute

florescence of several
;


Anisophyllea.']

(G. Henslow.)

rhizophorej:.

lvii.

443

Female Fl. Calyx-limb partially lined with a disk,

?, minute, densely hairy.
lobes each bearing a minute rudimentary stamen anthers dehiscing in bud ?
Styles
Drupe narrowly pyriform, 3 by 1 in.
4, spreading, subulate, densely hairy.

styles 4

Order LVIII.

COMBUST A CEiE.

(By 0. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Trees, or shrubs often climbers.

Leaves alternate subopposite or opposite,
sometimes ternate, petioled, entire, simple (in llligera 3-foliolate) stipules 0.
Flowers bracteolate at base, in the tribe Gyrocarpece cymose in the Combretece
spicate or racemose (the racemes often panicled) not rarely polygamo-nioncecious.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary and produced above it (sometimes to a great
(rarely
Petals 4-5 or
length), the limb of 4-5 (rarely 47) valvate lobes.
6-7). Stamens 4r-5 or 8-10 on the calyx in the Gyroearpece the filaments
have staminodes attached at the base, and the anthers dehisce by recurved
Ovary altogether inferior 1-celled style simple, stigma simple
lateral valves.
or in llligera sinuate almost lobed ovules 1-7 (usually 2-3) pendulous from
the apex of the cell. Fruit coriaceous or drupaceous, generally indehiscent,
in Calycopteris and Gyrocarpus
ovate, angular or very commonly winged
crowned by the greatly enlarged calyx. Seed 1, without albumen cotyledons
in Terminalia and others convolute in Combretum and others plano-convex.
Distrib. Species 240, in the tropics of the whole world and in S. Africa out;

side the tropic.

Suborder

I.

Combreteae.

or staminodes at their base

suspended by long funicles.

* Petals 0.

Calyx-lobes valvate.

Stamens without glands

anthers dehiscing by a longitudinal

Flowers racemose or

slit.

Ovules 2-7,

spicate.

Calyx-limb (except in Calycopteris) deciduous.

Flowers spiked or racemed. Calyx-limb deciduous

Calyx-limb much accrescent on the fruit
Flowers capitate. Calyx-limb deciduous
** Petals 5-4 (except in

3.

Terminalia.
Calycopteris.
Anogeissus.

4.

Ldmnitzera.

5.

Combretum.

6.

Quisqualis.

1.

2.

Combretum apetalum).

f Calyx limb persistent.

Leaves

alternate.

Growing with the Mangroves

ft Calyx-limb deciduous.
Calyx-tube above the ovary less than |- in. long
Calyx-tube above the ovary more than \ in. long

Suborder II. G-yrocarpeae. Calyx-lobes valvate or imbricate. Stamens

with glands or staminodes at their base anthers opening by recurved lateral
Ovule 1, suspended by a short funicle. Flowei's cymose.
valves.
;

Scandent.

Erect

tree.

Leaves 3-foliolate
Leaves entire or lobed
.

1.

Large

7.

Illigera.

8.

Gyrocarpus.

TERMINALIA, Linn.

Leaves alternate or subopposite, exstipulate, entire or slightly

crenulate, often with glands on the petiole or near the base of the midrib beneath.
Flowers small spicate, the racemes spikes sometimes panicled, hermaphrodite
or the upper flowers on the racemes males a narrow bract at the base of each
trees.

444

[Terminalia.

(C. B. Clarke.)

combretace.e.

lviii.

Calyx-tube produced above the ovary with a campanulate mouth, limb of 5 short valvate triangular lobes, deciduous. Petals 0.
Stamens 10 inserted on the calyx-tube epigynous disc within them densely
hairy.
Ovary 1-celled, inferior style long, simple ; ovules 2 or 3, pendulous
from the summit of the cell. Fruit ovoid, very various in size, smooth or
angular or winged with 2-5 wings, indehiscent, coriaceous. Seed solitary, exalbuminous, cotyledons convolute. Distrib. Species 80 in the tropics of
the whole world, less numerous in America.

flower, soon deciduous.

T. angustifolia, Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. 100 not of Roxb. leaves attenuated at

both ends lanceolate, with two glands at the apex of the petiole, fruit narrowly
Willd. Sp. PL iv. 970; DC. Prodr. iii. 11; W. $ A. Prodr. 312; Miq.
2-winged.
FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 599. T. Benzoin, Linn. Spreng. Syst. ii. 358 Lamk. Diet. i.
349 Wall. Cat. 3976. Catappa Benzoin, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 127, is included in the
Peninsula Flora of W. & A., but there is nothing to show that it has ever been found
wild in the Deccan. Distrib. Central Malayan Islands.
;

Catappa

(including Myrobalanus).
Fruit not winged, ovoid
Sect. I.
or subcompressed, sometimes showing (especially when dry) two or five obscure
lines or ridges.
1. T. Catappa, Linn.
Willd. Sp. PL iv. 967; leaves alternate clustered
towards the ends of the branches very short-petioled obovate from a cordate
but very narrow base, spikes solitary axillary simple, fruit 1-1| in. ellipsoid
slightly compressed so as to show two ridges.
Roxb. Hort. Benq. 33 and FL
Ind. ii. 430 Lamk. III. t. 848 DC. Prodr. iii. 11
Wall. Cat. *3975
W. $
A. Prodr. 313 Wight Ic. 172 Bou Mag. 3004 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
599 Bedd. Fl. Syl'v. t. 18 Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 454. T. Catappa
and Badamia, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iv. vol. vi. 92. T. moluccana, Lamk.
Diet. i. 349, not of Roxb.
DC. Prodr. iii. 11 Willd. Sp. PL iv. 96 excluding the synonym T. eglandulosa, Roxb. T. Myrobalana, Roth. Nov. Sp. 378.
T. subcordata, Willd. Sp'. PI. iv. 968. T. intermedia, Spreng. Syst. ii. 359. Juglans Catappa, Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 703.
Catappa domestica, htorea and sylvestris,
Rumph. Hei'b. Amboin. i. t. 68. Badamia Commersoni, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 97.
Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 3, 4.
;

;"

Wild in the lowlands of Malaya, and perhaps of the Transgangetic Peninsula

largely planted in all India from the North- West Provinces to Ceylon and Burma,
mostly at 0-1000 ft. alt. Distrib. Planted in nearly all tropical countries.
Attains 80 ft., with branches in horizontal whorls. Leaves 6-8 in., deciduous in
the cold season, usually softly hairy when young, when adult hairy or glabrous,
with two glandular depressions near the base of the midrib on the under side which are
often obscure or wanting petiole -| in.
Spikes (and innovations) grey or rusty
tomentose or pilose, the upper flowers male, the lower hermaphrodite, the bracts minute.
Calyx-teeth, glabrous or nearly so within and without.
Young ovary glabrous
or hairy. Fruit finally glabrous.
This species may generally be recognised by the
short petiole and the very narrow but cordate base of the leaf.
;

2. T. procera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 and FL Ind. ii. 249

leaves alternate clustered towards the ends of the branches obovate attenuated into a very
short petiole, spikes solitary axillary simple, fruit ellipsoid obscurely 5-sided,
not in the least compressed.
Wall, Cat. 3974 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma, i.
454.
Terminalia sp. nov. No. 168, Kurz. in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. 130.
;

Andamans

Roxburgh, Kurz.

Nicobars

Kurz.

Attains 100 ft. with branches in horizontal whorls. Leaves 6-12 in., with two
glandular depressions near the base of the midrib on the under side which are often


Terminalia.~\

combretace^.

lviii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

445

obscure or wanting, glabrous when adult petiole in. Upper flowers of the spikes
male, lower hermaphrodite. Fruit l-l in. Much resembles T. Catappa.
;

T. foetidissima,

3.

Griff. Notvl. iv.

685

leaves alternate clustered

towards the ends of the branches, obovate attenuated into the petiole, spikes
solitary axillary simple, fruit 1 in. obovate ellipsoid subacute, compressed with
one face convex the other flat.

Meegui and Malacca Griffith. Malacca, Maingay No. 644, 643.

Leaves 6 in., glaucescent reticulate beneath, coriaceous with cartilaginous margin,
without glands ; petiole 1 in. Flowers all or very nearly all hermaphrodite. Young
ovary and bracts very hairy. Calyx-teeth, glabrous or nearly so within and without.
Eeduced by Mr. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877 pt. ii. 53, 54, to T. belericd from
which it differs so greatly in leaves and fruit that it raises a suspicion whether Mr.
Kurz had the true plant of Griffith before him.
;

leaves alternate clustered towards

4. T. belerica, Roxb. Char. Reform.
the ends of the branches broadly elliptic narrowed equally at both ends, petiole
very long, spikes solitary axillary simple, fruit -f in. diam. globular suddenly
narrowed into a short stalk smooth covered by a close fulvous tomentum, when
dried obscurely 5-angled.
;

Throughout India common in the plains and lower hills, extending to Ceyxon
and Malacca not in the desert region of the West of India. Disteib. Malaya.
Attains 60-80 ft. Leaves 3-6 in., deciduous in the cold season, when mature
glabrous and generally punctate on the upper surface the punctations being much
more permanent than in the other species (whence Koth's name); petiole l-l in.
;

Bracteoles minute.
Upper flowers of the spikes male, lower hermaphrodite. Young
Calyx-teeth pubescent within and without. T. moluccana,
ovary always tomentose.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 601 differs from belerica by its short petioles the description appears compounded out of two plants.
Vab. 1. typica no glands at the apex of the petiole. T. belerica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
T. eglandulosa, Roxb. Herb, (wrongly referred in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 968) ;
t. 19
T. moluccana, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33. Fl. Ind. ii. 432 ; T. belerica, W. $ A. Prodr.
Thwaites Enum. 103; Balz. $
Wall. Cat. 3968; Wight Ic. t. 91
313 excl. syn.
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91
Brand. For. Fl. 222 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 455 Rheede
T. punctata,
Hort. Mai. iv. t. 10. T. Gella, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 227.
Roth Nov. Sp. 381 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 13. Myrobalanus belerica, Gaertn. Fruct. ii.
t. 97.
Vab. 2. belerica, Koxb. Hort. Beng. 33, Cor. PL t. 198, Fl. Ind. ii. 431 two
DC. Prodr. iii. 12; Miq. Fl. Ind.
glands at the apex of the petiole beneath the leaf.
Circar Mts., Roxb. also Malaya, if T. microcarpa, Decne. Herb.
Bat. i. pt. i. 600.
Timor. 129 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 602 Benth. Fl. Austral, ii. 502 be referred
here the examples in the Kew Herbarium exactly agree but do not show the fruit.
It is remarkable that not one specimen of this typical belerica Eoxb. exists at
A. (Prodr. 313) and Brandis (Forest Fl. 222) expressly
Kew; and that both W.
state that they have never been able to discover a single example.
The distinction
between it and Eoxburgh's eglandulosa {'moluccana, "Wil ld. in Fl. Ind.) is indeed
trivial but the absence of the glands seems without exception in the Indian so-called
belerica
while Eoxburgh founded his belerica on the single character that it had
two glands, thereby differing from his T. eglandulosa, which he subsequently renamed
T. moluccana, Willd., a species made up of two trees.
Vae. 3. laurinoides, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 600 ; leaves obovate or obovateelliptic shortly acuminate much thinner than in the typical belerica.
Mergui
Ceylon; Thwaites, Gardner, Col. Walker. Disteib. Java, Malaya. T.
Griffith.
nitens Presl. Epimel. 214 is very near but has long subpersistent bracteoles.
T. bialata is much mixed (in absence of fruit) with T. belerica, but may generally
be distinguished by the absence of punctations on the leaves.
;

&

446

lviii.

combketace.2E.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Terminalia.

T. Chebula,

Retz Obs. v. 31 ; leaves not clustered often subopposite

acute not acuminate and rounded at the base, spikes
often panicled, fruit f-l in. ellipsoidal or obovoid from a broad base,
more or less 5-ribbed when dry. Roxb. Hort. Berig. 33, Cor. PI. t.
Ind. ii. 433 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 12 ; Wall. Cat. 3967 : TV. $ A. Prodr.
313 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 601 ; Dah Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91 ; Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. t. 27 Brand. For. Fl. 223 and t. 29 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 456.
T. reticulata, Roth. Nov. Sp. 381 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 13. T. Aruta, Ham. in G.
Don Gen. Syst. ii. 659. Myrobalanus Chebula, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. t. 97. Embryogonia arborea, Teys. fy Binn. No.. 2160 in Hort. Bog.
5.

ovate or
terminal
glabrous
197, Fl.

elliptic usually

Abundant in Northern India from Kumaon to Bengal, and southward to the

Deccan table lands at 1000-3000 ft. alt., and Ceylon, Burma and the Malay

Distbib. Siam, Malaya.

Attains 80-100 ft. Leaves 4-5 in., deciduous in the cold season, more or less
hairy when young petiole about 1 in. often with two glands near its summit. Racemes terminal. Bracteoles conspicuous in the young spikes, exceeding the flowers
Flowers all hermaphrodite.
Calyx-teeth, hairy
pubescent, but soon deciduous.

Peninsula.

within.

Vab. 1, typica adult leaves nearly glabrous beneath or the interstices of the
ultimate nerves with minute sunk white tomentum, young ovary shaggy without, calyxDeccan, Ceylon, and Burma and Malay Peninsula.
teeth without glabrous.
Var. 2 (T. citrina of authors partly) differs from var. 1 only in having the
young ovary quite glabrous ; it has the ovate fruit and round-based leaves of T.
Chebula.
Common in Northern India from Kumaon to Bengal, and in Chota
;

Nagpore.
Var. 3 adult leaves very shaggy beneath, fruit much smaller, often only f in.
Gnarled small trees on the summit of Parasnath in Behar alt. 4000 ft. but pass by
degrees into var. 2 the common form at the base of Parasnath.
Var. 4, tomentella, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 455 (sp.) leaves when young
densely coppery-pubescent beneath, when adult pubescent or glabrous beneath, young
ovary glabrous, fruit ovoid hardly 1 in. Pegu, up to 2000 ft. alt. Kurz. This is
reckoned, perhaps rightly, a species by Kurz, but the leaves are less hairy, the fruits
less reduced in size than those of the preceding var.
Var. 5, gangetica Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 and Fl. Ind. ii. 437 (sp.) adult leaves
with brown-red silky hairs on both surfaces.
Wall. Cat. 3967 E.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 602.
Banks of the Ganges Roxburgh. North-west India, cult. Edgeworth.
Very unlike the typical Chebula by the brown silky hair which covers the twigs
leaves and whole inflorescence.
It may be a good species but the fruit is similar to
that of Chebula. Eoxburgh remarks that this tree ripens its fruit on the banks of
the Ganges, a remark he would hardly have made had he thought the tree indigenous.
It is therefore likely that T. gangetica, Roxb. does not grow wild within the limits of
the Indian Flora.
Var 6, parviflora, Thwaiies Enum. 103 (sp.) calyx-teeth pubescent without.
T. zeylanica Heurck $ Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 220.
Ceylon Thwaites. The flowers
are not smaller nor the fruits more acutely ribbed than in some examples of T.
;

Chebula.
6. T. citrina, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33, Fl. Ind. ii. 435; leaves subopposite elliptic or oblong acuminate narrowed into the petiole, spikes terminal
and lateral often panicled, fruit nearly 2 in. oblong-lanceolar, while fresh obscurely ,5-angular.
Wall. Cat. 3970; DC. Prodr. ii. 12 : Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
Myrobalanus citrina, Gaert. Fruct. ii. t. 97 ;' W. $ A. Prodr. 313 ;
pt. i. 602.
Brand. For. Fl. 223.

Assam, East Bengal,

Ophir.

Burma and Tenassebim

frequent.

Malacca

at

Mount

Terminalia.~\

combretace^.

lviii.

(0. B. Clarke.)

447

Attains 80 ft. Leaves 3-6 in., when adult glabrous shining, the interstices of the
nerves beneath with sunk close white tomentum petiole in. usually with two glands
at the top or on the base of the leaf beneath. Bracteoles linear, conspicuous on the
Calyx-teeth, glabrous without, hairy
Flowers all hermaphrodite.
young spikes.
The examples from other parts of India than the
within. Young ovary glabrous.
East referred to T. citrina by collectors are in the present enumeration supposed
included under T. Chebida.
T. citrina has a straighter stem, a brighter foliage and
narrower fruits, but ought perhaps hardly to be reckoned a distinct species.
Var. 2. malayana, Kurz. in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, part ii. 130; petioles longer,
fruits smaller.
Kurz. Maingay sends a similar form from Malacca
Nicobars
No. 643.
;

Sect. II. Fentaptera.

usually panicled.
7.

T. Arjuna, Bedd.

elliptic nearly glabrous

Fruit with 5 acute subequal wings.

Fl.

beneath

Spikes

28; leaves subopposite oblong or

adult, spikes usually panicled, fruits

Sylv.

t.

when

nearly glabrous ovoid- or obovoid-oblong, the wings not very broad their
much upwards. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91 Brand. For.
T. Berryi, W. < A. Prodr. 314 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. .92.
T.
Fl. 224.
glabra, W. A. Prodr. 314; Thwaites Enum. 104; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
Pentaptera Arjuna, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 34
91.
T. ovalifolia, Rottl. in ^Herb.
and Fl. Ind. ii. 438 Wall. Cat. 3981; DC. Prodr. iii. 14, Mem. Combr. t. 2.
Pentaptera glabra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34 and Fl. Ind. ii. 440 ; Wall. Cat. 3979.
P. angustifolia, Roxb. Hurt. Beng. 34 and Fl. Ind. ii. 437.

1-2

in.

striations curving

Deccan, Ceylon and the sub-Himalayan

Very common.
Attains 60-80

ft.

Leaves usually 4-6

in.

tracts of the

North West Provinces.

(sometimes 10

in.),

suddenly narrowed

at the base, often cordate, obtuse or very shortly acute at the apex petiole rSrely
more than A in., often very short, with two glands near its apex. Bracteoles very
Calyx-teeth nearly glabrous both within and without. Young ovary verysmall.
short, covered with crisped brown or rufous hair.
Wings of the fruit usually trunDr. Brandis states that T. Arjuna is common
cate or suddenly narrowed at the top.
in Bengal ; it is unknown in east and central Bengal but abounds in Southern Behar,
Chota Nagpore and on the Sone i. e. along the whole northern face of the Deccan
table-land.
Var. 2. angustifolia (i. e. Pentaptera Roxb. and not Terminalia angustifolia Roxb.).
Leaves narrow elongate-oblong suddenly narrowed into the petiole. Southern PeninWall. Cat. 3971.
sula and Concan.
;

T. tomentosa,

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 17 ; leaves subopposite or upperovate glabrous or very hairy beneath when adult,
spikes panicled, fruit 1-2 in. glabrous or hoary obovoid-oblong, wings broad
striations carried horizontally to the edge.
Brand. For. Fl. 225.
8.

most alternate

elliptic or

Deccan, Ceylon, and the sub-Himalayan tracts of the North West Provinces,
Nipal, and Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft. very common. Burma Brandis, Kurz.
Attains 80-100 ft. Leaves 4-8 in., petiole h in. Flowers often attacked by a Cynips
producing numerous galls which simulate fruit. Bracteoles very small.
Calyx-teeth.
without tomentose villous or glabrescent.
Var. 1. typica leaves cordate or suddenly narrowed into the petiole, adult more
or less hairy beneath often very hairy, petiole with two glands near the base of the
leaf, young ovary villous, fruit glabrous.
T. tomentosa, W. 4" A. Prodr. 314; Wight
Ic. t. 195.
T. glabra, var. tomentosa, Palz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91 ? T. alata, Roth
Fov. Sp. 379
Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 458. T. ovata, Herb. Rottler. T.
Chebula, Retz )8. minor Huerck Sf Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 219. Pentaptera tomentosa,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. Ind. ii. 440; DC. Prodr. iii. 14, Mem. Combr. t. 1; Wall.
Cdtf.3978.
Common throughout India.
;

448

lviii.

combretace^:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Terminalia*

Vab. 2. crenulata leaves narrowed into the petiole often obovate-elliptic adult
nearly glabrous beneath, young ovary glabrous. T. crenulata, Roth Nov. Sp. 380 r
W. $ A. Prodr. 314. Pentaptera crenulata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. Ind. ii. 438 ;
DC. Prodr. iii. 15 Wall. Cat. 3978. P. macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 3982.Deccan and
the sub-Himalaya common. Burma Kurz. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 458
But bothstates T. crenulata, Both, to be T. Arjuna of Beddome and Brandis.
Beddome and Brandis haAT e stated that T. crenulata W. <$ A. is a variety included
any
communicated
example
of his T. crenuunder their T. tomentosa. Kurz has not
lata, nor in his description does he notice the character of the venation of the fruit
Arjuna
tomentosa.
separated
T.
and
T.
has
The synonym
Brandis
by which Dr.
Perhaps as Mr. Thwaites hints TV
T. crenulata Kurz remains therefore doubtful.
Arjuna (T. glabra, Enum. 104) and T. tomentosa should be made one species.
Vab. 3. coriacea leaves as in T. tomentosa typica but beneath with a close hard
fulvous tomentum rather than villous, fruit pubescent with minute fulvous hairs.
T. coriacea, W. Sf A. Prodr. 315. Pentaptera coriacea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl.Ind.
Mountains of the Coromandel Coast; Roxburgh. Deccan; Herb. Rottler*
ii. 438.
;

Malabar Hills

Dr. Ritchie.

Sect. III. Chuncoa.

Fruit with three very unequal wings, rarely
in., often much smaller.

more

than \

leaves oblong or elliptic acute9. T. paniculata, Roth Nov. Sp. 383

adult nearly glabrous, panicles compound, fruit brown-red villous with one
very broad and two narrow wings.
W. 8f A. Prodr. 315 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb.
T. monoptera, i?o^ Nov.
Fl. 92 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 20 ; Brand. For. Fl. 226.
Pentaptera paniculata, Roxb.
Sp. 382.
T. trioptera, Heyne in Herb. JRottl.
Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. Ind. ii. 442 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 14 Wall. Cat. 3980. Hiptage
sp., Wall. Cat. 9029.
;

Malabar

lower hills from

Bombay

to

Cochin

common

Nilghibi and

Kubg

mountains.

A large tree, the innovations rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-7 in., lower subopposite,
upper alternate, base cordate, two glands generally present near the base of the midrib beneath petiole | in.
Spikes very dense, bracteoles and young ovaries villous.
Fruit about in. long, with one wing in. broad, the other two wings hardly
;

in.

broad.

10. T. pyrifolia, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 457; leaves crowded
towards the ends of the branches oblong- or broadly-lanceolate glabrous,
spikes simple, fruit indistinctly brown velvety with two broad wings and one
very narrow one. Pentaptera pyrifolia, Presl Epimel. Bot. 215.

Pegu

to Tenassebim, frequent Kurz, Heifer (ex Presl).

Pbome Maclelland.
Attains 80 ft. glabrous except the innovations and spikes. Leaves 2-4 in., coriaceous, narrowed into the petiole ; petiole f-l in., without glands.
Calyx densely
tawny or brown-pubescent. Fruit -f in. long, the two lateral wings about -- in.
broad, chartaceous, rounded and striated.
Mr. Kurz cites as a doubtful synonym
T. javanica, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 602 ; the example of which at Kew agrees,
but has no fruit.
;

11. T. myriocarpa, Heurck fy Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 215 ; leaves oblong or elliptic acute, adult nearly glabrous, petiole very short, spikes panicled,
fruit yellow shining with two very broad wings and one narrow one.
Kurz
For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 457. Pentaptera Saja, Wall. Cat. 3983.

Subtropical valleys in Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 1000-3000 ft., abundant. Assam
Simons, Griffith. Distbib. Ava, Bhamo.
;
Attains 80-100 ft., the innovations pubescent-tomentose. Leaves 4-8 in., base
obtuse, nerves numerous and very parallel, upper subopposite ; petiole about \ in.,,

Hiixs

Terminalia.']

lviii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

combketace2E.

449

Spikes dense, bracteoles and young ovaries

its apex.
Epigynous disc with very little or no hair. Fruits ^-fg in. long, exceedingly
numerous, minutely villous, broad wings each in. wide puberulous, the third acute
hardly winged. The top of the tree in flower appears pink, the middle white, from
the panicles changing colour.

usually with two glands at

villose.

Sect. IV. Fruit large, 1-1

with two very broad wings.

in.,

(Really allied

to Sect. Catappa).

leaves clustered
12. T. bialata, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 456
near the ends of the branches obovate narrowed into a very long petiole, spikes
Pentaptera
axillary simple elongate, fruit 2-3 in. wide rusty tomentose.
bialata, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 34 Fl Ind. ii. 441 ; Wall Cat. 3986.
;

Burma and the Andamans;

Maclelland, Kurz.
Spikes
Attains 80-100 ft. Leaves 5 in., glabrous when adult; petiole 2-3 in.
very long, the upper flowers male, the lower hermaphrodite. Young ovary and calyx
brown-pubescent or tomentose. Calyx-teeth hairy within. Fruit l^-lf in. long.
Var. cuneifolia, Wall. Cat. 3972 leaves lanceolate rather than obovate, fruit
Prome Wallich. Tenasserim and Andaless than 1 in. long and nearly glabrous.
mans Heifer No. 2182 Kew Distrib.
;

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

T. MortrccANA, Wall. Cat. 3969 consists of leaves generally resembling those of T.

But the petioles
procera, and a detached fruit which also resembles that of T. procera.
have a thickening simulating an articulation, and M. Planchon has suggested (by a
note on the specimen) that the leaves are those of an Elaocarpus.
T. angustifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 and Fl. Ind. ii. 437 a large tree, tender
parts hairy, leaves narrow-lanceolate acuminate glandular on the margin at the base,
fruit scarcely distinguishable from that of T. Chebula, young leaves with much ferruginous hair. T. travancorensis, W. $ A. Prodr. 314. Tinnevelly and Travancore,
Roxburgh. No example known and not seen by anyone except Koxburgh if it be
not a variety merely of T. Chebula.
T. bengalensis, Roxb. in DC. Prodr. iii. 12 leaves alternate obovate obtuse entire
glabrous on both surfaces and the petioles without glands. In Bengal. This species
it is
is not known by any authentic specimen and is insufficiently described
improbable that it is distinct from all the other known species.
;

2.

CALYCOPTEBIS,

Lamk.

with drooping branches. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled,

Racemes dense, axillary, and crowded
or ovate, acuminate, entire.
towards the ends of the branches so as to form large panicles. Flowers small,
greenish, each with a lanceolate bract.
Calyx-tube 5-striate, produced above
the ovary ; limb 5-fid, persistent and much enlarged in fruit. Petals 0. Stamens 10, the five upper ones between the calyx-teeth, the five others alternate
with them and lower down on the calyx-tube. Ovary 1-celled, inferior ; style
subulate, simple ; ovules 3, pendulous from the top of the cell. Fruit narrow
ovoid, 5-ribbed, villous, 1-seeded, surmounted by the enlarged calyx.
Cotyledons convolute.
diffuse shrub

elliptic

1.

Fl

C. floribunda, Lamk. Diet. Supp.

220.

0. nutans,

Kurz For. Fl.

Brit.

ii.

41 and

Burma

III. t.

357

Brand. For.

Getonia floribunda,
468.
Nov. Sp. 216 DC. Prodr. iii.
i.

Roxb. Cor. PI t. 87 and Fl. Ind. ii. 428 Roth

15; Dalz 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl 91; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 605; W. $ A.
Prodr. 315
Wall Cat. 4013. G. nutans, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 and Fl Ind.
vol. n.
Q Q
;

450
ii.

lviii.

428

combretacejs.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Calycopteris.

Wall. Cat. 4012 ; Miq. 1. c. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 15. Getonia nitida, Roth
Cornbretuin sericeuni, Wall, in Herb. Calc.

Nov. Sp. 217.

On

hot

hills, alt.

500-2500

ft.,

abundant throughout the Deccan and from Assam

to Sincapore.

dense shrub 6-12 ft. high, often gregarious, diffuse -with drooping branches, not
in the variety nitida of Eoth the upper surat all scandent, generally rusty Tillous
face of the leaves is glabrous shining. Leaves 2-5 in., not narrowed into the petiole
which is \-$ in. Panicles often large and then more or less nodding. Flowers very
Base of stamens and style pilose or glalike those of Terminalia and hardly larger.
Calyx-lobes in fruit \-\ in. long, broad-lanceolate, becoming more or less
brous.
papery, sometimes transparent showing conspicuously the veins. Fruit itself less than
Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 59, divides this shrub into two
I in. long.
;

species, viz.
1.

nutans; leaves pubescent rarely almost glabrous, longer stamens - as long

C.

as the calyx-lobes.
2. C. jloribunda
calyx-lobes.

leaves glabrous, longer stamens as long as the long bluntish

3.

ANOGEZSSUS,

Wall.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or falsely opposite, petioled, entire.

Flowers in dense globose heads, on axillary peduncles much shorter than the
Calyx-tube long attenuated above the ovary, subpersistent limb small
leaves.
with 5 lobes, deciduous. Petals 0. Stamens 10 in two series. Ovary inferior,
ovules 2 pendulous from the top of the cell.
style filiform, simple
1-celled
Fruits small, coriaceous, compressed 2-winged, packed horizontally into dense
Seed 1 cotyledons convolute. Distkib. Species 5 of which one is
heads.
;

Tropical African, the other four Indian.

A.

latifolia, Wall. ; JBedd. Fl. Sylv. 1. 15 ; leaves broad elliptic obtuse

1.
at both ends, peduncles 1 or more from the same axil often branched, bracteoles
inconspicuous, ripe fruits shining glabrous the beak as long as the nucleus or
Wall. Cat. 4015; Brand. For. FL 227.
Conocarpus latifolia, DC.
longer.
Prodr. iii. 17 ; Roxb. Sort. Peng. 34 and Fl. Ind. ii. 442 ; Royle El. t. 45 ;
W. $ A. Prodr. 316 ; Wight Ic. t. 994 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Pomb. Fl. 91 ; Miq. Fl.
Andersonia altissima, Herb. Madr.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 605.

From the Himalaya to Ceylon very common, ascending to 3000 ft. Not in the
Transgangetic Peninsula.
Attains 80 ft., but usually occurs as a small tree leafless during most of the hot
Leaves sometimes 5 in. with a petiole in., usually much smaller, sometimes
season.
Innovations and peduncles more or less rusty-pubescent.
acute, never acuminate.
Fruit sometimes in. (excluding the beak) by \ in. including the wings, usually
smaller, more or less rusty-pubescent when young.
Vab. glabra ; leaves glabrous beneath.
Vah. villosa ; leaves small densely rusty villose on both surfaces. Mysore, C. B.
;

Clarke.
"Vab. parvifolia
For. Fl. 228.

leaves small {\ in.) silky pubescent.

Central Provinces. Brandis

2. A. acuminata, Wall.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 16; leaves elliptic or oblong acute at both ends villous or pubescent beneath, peduncles solitary (rarely
clustered) very rarely divided, ripe fruits shining glabrous.
Wall. Cat. 4014 ;
Brand. For. Fl. 228; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 466. A. hirta, Wall.
Conocarpus acuminata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34 and Fl. Ind. ii. 443
Cat. 4016.
W. $ A. Prodr. 316 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 17 and Mem. Combr. t. 3 ; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 605.
;


Anogeissus.~]

lviii.

combretaceji.

(C. B. Clarke.)

451

Vab 1. typica leaves usually broad-lanceolate fulvous beneath, peduncles with

obovate bracts often leaflike large, fruit very broadly winged (twice as broad as high)
with a deflexed pubescent beak much longer than the nucleus. Andersonia acuminata,
Herb. Rottl.
The northern edge of the Deccan ascending to 3000 ft. BrNDELKUND, Edgeworth.
Godaveey forests; Brandis. NorthMountains above the Circars; Roxburgh.
;

west India, Bogle.

A tree, sometimes attaining 60 ft. trunk rarely straight, when young armed
with long spines (Kurz). Leaves commonly 2^ by 1 in., upper becoming smaller,
petiole less than in.
Peduncles and neck of
often obovate, passing into bracts
ovary rusty-tomentose.
Var. 2. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 4014 F; leaves usually narrow-lanceolate grey
beneath, bracteoles on the peduncles small linear very deciduous, fruit winged subquadrate with an erect beak shorter than the nucleus. Andersonia lanceolata, Herb.
;

Bottl.

Pegu, Tenasserim and Kookie-land.

An erect elegant tree 60-100 ft. high.
lanceolate

Leaves commonly 2 by \ in., upper longPeduncles and neck of ovary with dense rusty
Fruits sometimes \ in. broad.

petiole scarcely any.

spreading hairs.

3. A. phillyreaefolia, Heurck fy Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 209 leaves narrowly lanceolate narrowed upwards obtuse, peduncles short rarely divided,
Wall. Cat. 8557.
heads and fruit small, beak about as long as the nucleus.
;

Prome

Wallich.

Apparently a shrub or small tree. Leaves l in., subsessile, narrowed at base,

glabrous or silky beneath. Peduncles - in., solitary or clustered, rusty-pubescent,
much less shaggy than in A. acuminata var. lanceolata. Fruits about ^ in. broad.
Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. 1874, pt. ii. 188, reduces this to A. acuminata; but from the
example he has communicated to Kew it appears that his A. phillyreafolia is not
the plant of Heurck Sf Muell. but A. acuminata var. 2 above. The present species
however may prove only a more extreme form of A. acuminata.
4. A. pendula, Edgiu. Cat. PI. Banda, p. 47; leaves elliptic or obovate
acute or obtuse always narrowed at base, peduncles solitary simple, fruit subquadrate ultimatelv glabrous, beak much less than half the height of the
nucleus.
Brand. For. Fl. 229. A. myrtifolia, Wall. Cat. 4017; Boyle III.
p. 209.

Bundelkund Edgeworth. North-west India Boyle. Common in Kajputana ;

Brandis. Deksa Stocks.
gregarious bush or small tree.
Leaves f-1 in., usually glabrous, sometimes
silky beneath.
Peduncles sometimes with an elliptic leaflike bract. A species which
may be distinguished at once by its small leaves.
;

4.

LUBINITZERA,

Willd.

Large glabrous shrubs or small trees, growing in tropical salt marshes alongwith Mangroves and closely resembling them in habit. Leaves clustered towards
the ends of the branches, alternate, thickly leathery,* subsessile, narrow-obovate,
entire or scarcely crenate.
Floioers in racemes.
Calg.v-tube with two adnate
bracteoles near the base, oblong, narrowed at both ends, produced above the ovary;
lobes 5 persistent. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 10 in two series, or fewer. Ovary
style subulate, simple ovules 2-5 pendulous from the top of
the cell. Fruit woody, elliptic- oblong, -1 in. including the calyx-limb, longitudinally striate or nearly smooth.
Seed 1 cotyledons convolute. Distrib.
Species 2 on the shores of the tropics of the Old World, and of Polynesia.
g g 2

inferior, 1-celled

452

lviii.

combretaceje.

[Lumnitzera.

(C. B. Clarke.)

1. Xc. coccinea, W. 8? A. Prodr. 316; racemes dense terminal sometimes 2 or 3 forming a small corymb, petals scarlet in. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
L. littorea, Voigt. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 469. L. penpt. i. p. 606.
Pyrranthus littoreus,
tandra, Griff. Notul. iv. 684, and Ic. PL Asiat. t. 644.
Jack. Mai. Misc. ii. 57; Wall. Cat. 4018.
;

Malacca; Maingay, Griffith.Distrib.

Nicobars; Kurz.
Meroti; Griffith.
Malaya, North Australia, Polynesia.
A small tree 20-40 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. Stamens 5-10, usually 7 twice
as long as the petals, filaments crimson.
;

racemosa,

DC. Prodr. iii. 22 racemes axillary some;

long in fruit, petals white very small.
W. fy A.
Prodr. 316 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 606 ; Dalz $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 90
Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iv. vol. vi. p. 103 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen.
PI. xxi. Brand. For. Fl. 221; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 468.
Pvrranthus
albus, Wall. Cat. 4019.
Petaloma alternifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 372. Bruguiera niadagascariensis, DC. Prodr. iii. 23. Rheede Hort. Mai. vi. t. 37.
2.

I*,

what dense

in flower

Willd.

2-4

in.

On the coasts of India, Ceylon and the Transgangetic Peninsula as on the

Andamans and Nicobars (Kurz) general. Distrib. Tropical Africa, Malaya, North
;

Australia and Polynesia, in the Mangrove swamps.

A small tree 20-40 ft. high. Leaves usually 2-3 in. sometimes only 1 in. Stamens
sometimes 5, sometimes 10 (always 10 Kurz) about as long as the petals, filaments
white.
Bacemes in fruit ascending.

5.

COIKBRETUM

Linn.

Large shrubs (except C. nanum) with long pendent or scandent branches,,

without spines (except C. spinescens). Leaves entire, petioled, opposite or more
Flowers polygamo-dieecious, often in panicled
seldom alternate or ternate.
Calyx-tube constricted above the ovary,
spikes or racemes bracteoles small.
shortly or long produced, urceolate, funnel-shaped or tubular limb 4-5-lobed,
deciduous. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes (0 in C. apetalum) placed on the
Stamens twice as many as the petals, inserted in two series with
calyx-limb.
them.
Ovary inferior, 1-celled style 1, subulate, simple ovules 2-5, pendent
from the top of the cell. Fruit with 4-5 wings angles or ridges, dry, generally
indehiscent.
Seed 1 cotyledons plaited or flat, in a few species convoluted.
Distrib. Species 120, common in the tropics of America, Africa, and Asia r
also in South Africa, but not in Australia or Polynesia.
;

Sect.
*

I.

Poivrea.

Floivers 5-merous.

Fruit 5-winged or 5-ridged.

Fruit with 5 membranous wings.

decandrum, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 59 leaves oblong suddenly acumi1.

nate nearly glabrous on both surfaces when adult, panicles large terminal, young
ovary densely villose, calyx hardly constricted above the ovary urceolate covered with short hairs within and without. Roxb. Hort. Benq. 28 and Fl. Ind.
G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 437; Wall. Cat. 4009; Brand. For^
ii. 232;
Fl. 221 ; Kurz Far. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 460.
0. Roxburghii, Spreng. Syst. ii.
Pen331. Poivrea Roxburghii, DC. Prodr. iii. 18; W. $ A. Prodr. 317.
taptera Roxburghii, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iv. vol. vi. 84.
;

Bengal, abundant,

common

South.

the Andamans.

alt.

0-3000

ft.

North Dec can plateau very common, less

nearly to the Punjab.
Tenassebim and

North West Provinces

Combretum.']

lviii.

combeetace^;.

(C. B. Clarke.)

453

An exceedingly large shrub with many branches pendent and subscandent, conspicuous in flower by the floral leaves (bracts) becoming cream-white. Leaves opposite, 4-5 in., somewhat hairy when young, when old glabrous or rarely with tufts of
Racemes numerous, very villous,
hairs in the axils of the nerves beneath petiole in.
in large terminal quasi-panicles, the leaves thereon 2-3 in becoming petaloid at the
time of flowering bracteoles linear, in., somewhat persistent. Ovary sessile. Calyx
segments lanceolate-subulate, suberect. Petals oblong, glabrous, hardly exceeding the
calyx or twice as long as the calyx (Kurz). Disc covered with short hairs. Fruit
f-1^ in., oblong or elliptic, subquadrate, nearly smooth.
;

leaves oblong2. C. pilosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 231
lanceolate adult more or less hairy beneath, panicles terminal the racemes
densely fulvous-villous and congested, young ovary fulvous-villous, calyx shortly
constricted above the ovary then funnel-shaped hairv within and without.
G. Don in Tram. Linn. Soc. xv. 434; Wall. Cat. 4005; Kurz For. Fl. Brit.
Burma i. 462. C. lsetum and spinescens, Wall. Cat. 4004, 4006. C. insigne,
Heurck fy Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 247 {from description only).
;

alt. 0-1000 ft., from Silhet to Mebgui frequent.

large scandent shrub without thorns, the innovations densely rusty- villous.
4-8
Leaves opposite,
in., usually when adult with some rusty hair at least on the
lower surface (but some of Griffith's specimens are quite glabrous) petiole ^-\ in.
Ovary sessile. Calyx-tube
Bracteoles \ in., narrow-lanceolate, somewhat persistent.
upwards 5-fluted, the segments triangular acute erect. Petals narrow-obovate, far
exceeding the calyx, with rusty silky hairs on their backs. Disc low in the funnel of
the calyx with short hair. Fruit 1 in., elliptic or circular, usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous.
Var. 2. spinescens with stout spines at the base of the branchlets, otherwise
does not differ. Irrawaddy bank; Wall. Cat. 4006. Cachar, Keenan.
Here perhaps belongs the very doubtful species described by Kurz in Forest
Fl. Brit. Burma, i. 462 under the name C. ovale, R. Br., which is said to differ from
C. pilosum by having the innovations puberulous instead of pubescent.
The fruit is
unknown. It can hardly be C. ovale, E. Br. which considerably differs as see under
C. aculeatum, Vent, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 423.

East Bengal

3. C. apetalum, Wall. Cat. 3990 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate adult nearly

glabrous, panicles terminal large much divided the ultimate racemes long
slender distant, young ovary densely pubescent almost tomentose, calyx-tube
hardly constricted above the ovary then urceolate pubescent within and withKurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 460. O. virgatum, Wall. Cat. 3992.
out.

Distrib. Burma.
Wallich, Maclelland, Kurz.
scandent shrub or (ex Kurz) a weak tree 15-20 ft. high. Leaves 1-4 in., subopposite, the petiole ^-\ in., and midrib beneath usually grey puberulous, sometimes
long fulvous hair near the base of the main nerves beneath. Racemes long, undulating, very narrow, the flowers though numerous being very small ; bracteoles in.,
Ovary sessile. Calyx-teeth, lanceolate, erect.
linear, exceeding the young ovaries.
Petals 0.
Disc covered by short hairs. Fruit f in., elliptic, nearly circular, glabrous,
surface between the wings covered with close sessile circular glands.

Pegu

4. C. pyrifolium, Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 464 ; leaves small ovate
to "broad-oblong and suborbicular glabrous, spikes puberulous in slender axillary or short terminal panicles, fruits 5- or occasionally 4-winged.
Pentaptera
pyrifolia, Wall. Cat. 3985.

Distrib. Burma.
scandent shrub, with the habit of Combretum ovalifoliwm, the innovations rusty
puberulous. Leaves 1^-2 in., opposite or alternate, punctate on the upper surface,

Pegu; Kurz.


454
petiole

COMBRETACE.E.

lviii.

in.

Fruit ^-f

like whole plants of V.

in.,

glabrous.

Herbarium

nanum, but the

[Gomhretum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

twigs of this species are

much

fruits are hardly half as long.

** Fruit with 5 sharp angles.

C. trifoliatum, Vent. Choix

t. 58; leaves lanceolate or elliptic narat both ends glabrous, spikes lateral and terminal often compound rustyvillous, calyx-tube hardly constricted above the ovary then urceolate silky.
G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 439 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 610 ; Kurz.

5.

rowed

0. lucidum, Blume Bijd. 641.

0. undulatum
3993, 4003. 0. subalternans, Wall. Cat. 4008?
Terminalia lancifolia, Griff. Notul. iv. 685. Embryogonia lucida, Blume Mus.
Bot. ii. t. 52. Oacoucia ? trifoliata, DC. Prodr. ii. 22. C. lucida, Hassk. in
Flora 1844, p. 607.

For. Fl. Brit.

Burma

and 0. elegans. Wall.

i.

461.

Cat.

Transgangetic Peninsula from Pegu to Sincapore, alt. 0-1000 ft., frequent.

Distrib. Burma, Java.
scandent shrub. Leaves 2-4^ in., opposite, not seldom ternate, sometimes subalternate, usually shining, the petiole - in. (and sometimes the midrib) pubescent.
Bracteoles linear, small, early deciduous. Ovary sessile. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, erect.
Disc and base of the calyx-tube within
Petals narrow, little exceeding the calyx.
covered with long hair. Fruit about l in., and half as broad, shining, black.

Floivers 4-merous.
Fruit with 4 obSect. II. Tetrag'onocarpus.
tuse or acute ridges, the ridges not expanded, into thin papery wings.
6. C. tetralophum, C. B. Clarke; leaves lanceolate glabrous or nearly
racemes in subterminal panicles which are ferruginous and covered with
scales but only slightly villose, calyx-tube constricted above the ovary then
urceolate covered with ferruginous scales, fruit with very acute ridges.

so,

(Kew Distrib. No. 2195)=Combretum No. 19 of Eh. f. $ T.

Siam, Borneo.
A scandent shrub. Leaves 4-5 in., opposite, shining, often with a little rusty hair
along the base of the midrib beneath young remotely glandular-punctate petiole
in., soon deciduous.
Constricted part of the calyx-tube nearly
- in. Bracteoks
as long as the young ovary, the teeth triangular erect covered without by close flat
sessile ferruginous glandular scales.
Petals narrow, hardly exceeding the calyx-teeth..
Disc and base of the calyx within densely covered by long fulvous hair. Fruit f-1
in. and half as broad, shining, black.
This species in the fruit and leaves so much
resembles C. trifoliatum above that it has been mixed with it as a 4-fid variety but
the flowers are altogether different, and there is not one 5-angled fruit on any of the
Kew specimens.
Malacca,

distrib.

Griffith

Distrib.

7.

C. tetrag-onocarpum, Kw-z For.

Fl. Brit.

Burma

i.

461

leaves

elliptic obtuse coriaceous glabrous, spikes robust fulvous-villous axillary solitary

and in thin terminal panicles, calyx-tube and ovary rusty-villous, fruit with
four thick coriaceous prominent angles.

Swamp

forests of Pegu frequent, Kurz.

glabrous large scandent shrub. Leaves 3-5 in., younger remotely glandularpunctate petiole less than \ in. Flowers small. Calyx-tube short limb cup-shaped
with 4 short acute teeth, scaly and pubescent without, densely villous within. Petals
minute. Fruit 1 in. and more, glabrous, pale brown, elliptic-ovate, the angles thick
coriaceous sharp prominent and almost winglike, much narrower than the diameter
of the nut.
The example of this species communicated to Kew by Kura exhibits neither
fruit nor flowers ; the character of the species is therefore copied from Mr. Kurz..
;


Cvmbretum.']

combretace^:.

lviii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

455

the leaves on Mr. Kurz' specimen are

is evidently allied to
C. tetralophum
very unlike those of C. tetralophum, but in many Combretums while the typical leaves
are acute lanceolate there may be found on the same shrub lower branches with obtuse
obovate leaves. Kurz however says that the calyx-tube in C. tetragonocarpum is
"short oval," whereas in C. tetralophum it is " elongate nearly filiform," so that the
two species must be distinct. He has placed this species in his section with 10 stamens and 5-merous flowers this it is presumed is a slip.
It

acuminatum,

8. C.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 228; leaves
opposite ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate adult pubescent or nearly glabrous beneath, racemes scarcely divided axillary and also in sparingly leafy terminal
panicles scaly and pubescent, calyx scarcely constricted above the ovary then
campanulate, fruit narrowly oblong with four thick bluntish ridges. Wall. Cat.
3998. 0. costatum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 and Fl. Ind. ii. 227 ; Kurz For. Fl.
Brit. Burma i. 465.
0. stenopetalum, Jleurck 8? Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 225.
0. sarcopterum, Thwaites Enum. 415.
0. neurophyllum ? Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.

pt.

i.

608 ex

descript.

Transgangetic Peninsula from Assam to Sincapore, alt. 0-1000 ft., plentiful.

Ceylon; Thwaites, Mrs. Walker. Madras Peninsula? Wight No. 1014 (Wight's
specimen is typical acuminatum but may have come from Ceylon). Distrib. Malaya
to the Philippines.
large scandent shrub.

Leaves often 6-8

in.,

cordate or acute at the base, some-

what densely glandular- punctate beneath, the glands often prominent or becoming
petiole often very short, rarely exceeding

f in. Bracteoles minute, soon deciduovary and calyx-tube scaly, hardly pubescent.
Calyx-limb campanulate,
grooved or fluted (at least in the dried specimens), teeth erect short triangular. Petals
narrow, small. Disc and base of calyx-tube with short hair or nearly glabrous. Fruit
1-2 in. about as broad as long, puberulous brown. In this species, and in some
others, in the hermaphrodite flowers before the calyx expands a very small hole
appears at the top through which the style is long protruded subsequently the calyx
opens and the stamens are long extruded.
The examples of C. acuminatum, Roxb. at Kew are abundant, but the name C.
costatum Roxb. does not occur in the Kew Herbarium nor is the fruit described by
Roxb. It is clear that Mr. Kurz understands by C. costatum, Roxb. the plant named
It is almost certain that the two species of Koxburgh
C. acuminatum, Roxb. at Kew.
are but one. The two names are of one date, and in this list the name taken up by
"Wallich and subsequent Indian botanists is preferred to the name taken up by Mr.
Kurz, especially as there is no doubt at all what Eoxburgh's C. acuminatum was,
while a doubt may be still raised about his C. costatum.
scales

ous.

Young

Sect. III. XSucombretum. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit with 4 papery

wings.
Calyx not long-tubular-campanulate above the constricted portion.

t Surface of the fruit between the wings covered densely with lanceolate-linear
-3 in. (bubsection Flagrocarpece).

scales

9. G. flagrocarpum, Herb. Calc. ; leaves opposite elliptic- or ovatelanceolate adult pubescent and prominently glandular-punctate beneath, racemes rusty-pubescent "simple axillary and also crowded towards the ends of
the branches, calyx funnel-shaped above the ovary glandular and somewhat
pubescent without. Pentaptera undulata, Wall. Cat. 3984 {not Combretum
undulatum, Wall.). Combretum sp. No. 20, Herb. HJc.f. $ T. 0. Wallichii,
Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 465 not of DC.

Northern and Eastern Bengal, ascending the hills

mon, extending to Chittagong. Distrib. Upper Burma.

to

5000

ft. alt.

very com-


456

[Combretum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Lvni. combretace-E.

A large

scandent shrub. Leaves 4-6 in. (always large and generally more than
broad), even on the upper surface glandular-punctate and pubescent on the
petiole - in.
Bracteoles often \ in.,
nerves, only ultimately becoming glabrous
Petals obovate, much
linear, subpersistent.
Calyx-teeth erect, short, triangular.
longer than the calyx. Disc and base of calyx within clothed with short hair. Fruit
l-l in. long and as broad, puberulous, brilliantly red or dark brown.

in.

10. C. Wallichii, DC. Prodr. iii. 21 ; leaves opposite elliptic or orbicular

acuminate adult glabrous beneath with tufts of yellow hair in the axils of the
main nerves, racemes rusty-puberulous undivided axillary solitary and approximated almost panicled in the uppermost axils, calyx shortly constricted above
Wall.
the ovary then funnel-shaped or subcampanulate puberulous without.
Cat. 3999.
Interior of Sikkim, alt. 4000-5000 ft. (Kulhait), C. B. Clarke.
scandent shrub. Leaves 2-4 in., glandular-punctate on both surfaces petiole
Calyx-tube, filled densely with long hairs exsert
\ in. Bracteoles minute, fugacious.
from the mouth, teeth short triangular suberect. Petals small, obovate. Fruit f-1
by 1J-1|- in., rich dark -brown, puberulous.. The tufts of hair are seen in all the
axils of the nerves beneath of C. Wallichii, in none of C. flagrocarpum
also the
leaves of C. Wallichii are smaller and thinner than those of C. flagrocarpum the
constricted part of the calyx-tube of C. Wallichii is shorter and the flower within
densely filled with fulvous hair; the bracteoles are different. As to Combretum
Wallichii, Hassk. in Flora 1844, p. 106, and Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 608, which
these authors suggest to be allied to C. latifolium or C. Wightianum, it can only be
said that as they did not possess the fruit of C Wallichii it is impossible to guess to

Nipal; Wallich.

what species their remarks

refer.

ft Surface of the fruit between the wings glabrous, pubescent, or with

glands, but not with elongate scales.

sessile

squamosum,

11. C.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 231 j leaves opposite lanceolate
to orbicular-elliptic acute adult glabrous, racemes lateral compound and terminal glabrous but covered with round flat glandular scales, calyx-tube shortly
constricted above the ovary then funnel-shaped.
Wall. Cat. 3987 ; Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 607.
G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 438 (but flowers not
5-fdj; W. $ A. Prodr. 317 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 463. O. lepidotum,
Presl Bemerk. 142 (see Kurz in Flora 1871, p. 289).

Northern and Eastern Bengal near the foot of the mountains from Nipal to
Chittagong and thence to Sincapore plentiful. Distrib. Malaya to the Philip;

pines.

A large scandent shrub.

Leaves 4-6 in. from a broad base, prominently covered

with flat circular glandular scales on both surfaces, those on the upper surface sometimes ultimately disappear upper leaves usually much smaller and narrower, often
lanceolate.
Axillary racemes usually divided, panicled, but on some branches all
undivided bracteoles subulate, fugacious. Ca^r-teeth short, triangular. Petals obovate, small.
Disc and base of calyx-tube within clothed with long fulvous hairs
which are not exserted. Fruit -1^ in., sometimes broader than high or not clothed
between the wings with close flat round glands.
Var. aureum, Wall. Cat. 3988. C. malulsea, Wall. Cat. 3991 same as the type,
but turns a rich brown in drying.
;

C. quadrang-ulare, Kurz in Journ. As Soc. Beng. 1874, pt. ii.

leaves subopposite lanceolate or elliptic attenuated into the petiole, racemes
lateral compound and terminal covered with round flat glandular scales, flowers
small, calyx-tube above the ovary campanulate.
C. attenuatum, Wall. Cat.
12.

188

Combretum.~\

combretacejs.

lviii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

457

Moulmein, Wallich. Tenasserim, Heifer No. 2181, Kew Distrib.

Whole plant covered with sessile flat circular scales, otherwise glabrous or nearly
Branchlets quadrangular. Leaves 3-4 by 1| in. Fruit -f in. Hardly disso.
tinguishable from C. squamosum Koxb. but by the small flowers and the leaves
attenuated at the base. C. Van Heurckii, Muell. in Heurck fy Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot.

may

227,

Griffith's

13.

as far as the description goes be this plant but the fruit

No. 725 quoted cannot be found at Kew.

C.

dasystachyum, Kurz

is

not described.

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1874,

pt.

ii.

187

leaves opposite and often ternate elliptic- or obovate-oblong acuminate densely

pubescent on the nerves beneath, racemes rarely divided axillary solitary and
subterminal 2-4 together, young ovary (and calyx without) glandular and
minutely pubescent, calyx-tube distinctly constricted above the ovary then
funnel-shaped, fruit large.

Pegu Kurz.
;

Chittagong Hk. f.
;

Th.

Assam

Jenkins.

Cachar Keenan.
;

scandent shrub, the innovations rusty -pubescent or villous.

Leaves 5-10 in.,
lower surface puberulo-punctate, upper punctate-scabrous petiole - in., densely
villous.
Bacemes in flower rusty-villous bracteoles in., linear. Calyx-teeth triangular, acute, erect. Petals narrow obovate, small. Disc and base of calyx densely
covered with long fulvous hair. Fruit l by 1 in., with scattered small round glands,
otherwise glabrous.
;

C. chinense, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 230, not of G.
leaves opposite or ternate obovate or lanceolate adult glabrous, racemes
undivided solitary axillary and approximated subterminal, young ovary (and
calyx without) glandular and minutely pubescent, calyx-tube distinctly constricted above the ovary then funnel-shaped, fruit f-1 in. often bright red
when ripe. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 463. 0. Griffithii, Huerck fy Muell.
Arg. Obs. Bot. 231, Jide Kurz.
14.

Don

Transgangetic Peninsula from Assam to Tenassebim and Penang; alt. 0-1000

frequent.
Distrib. China, according to Roxburgh.
A scandent shrub, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-5 in., punctulate on both surfaces,
the points often obscure in age petiole - in. Calyx-teeth, triangular, erect. Petals
narrow-obovate, small.
Disc and base of calyx within densely covered with long
fulvous hair. Fruit about as broad as high, subglabrous.
There is no example of
Mr. Kurz has applied that name to var. tematum, and
C. chinense Roxb. at Kew
ft.

the description

fits

well.

Var. tematum, Wall. Cat. 4002 (sp.) leaves often 3-nate obovate obtuse usually
narrowed into the petiole, uppermost sometimes lanceolate.
Var. 2. Porterianum, Wall. Cat. 4000 (sp.) leaves never 3-nate lanceolate or
;

oblong distinctly acuminate.

15. C. nanum, Ham. in Don Prodr. 219
leaves opposite or all alternate from round obovate to lanceolate glabrous, racemes undivided subterminal generally few with one greatly elongated, young ovary and calyx without
glabrous sparsely glandular punctulate, calyx-tube constricted above the ovary
then funnel-shaped, fruit 1 by 1 in. or somewhat smaller puberulous or subDC. Prodr. iii. 21 G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 429 ; Wall. Cat.
flabrous.
994. Brand. For. Fl. 221.
;

Himalaya Terai from Sikkim

to the Punjab Wallich, Royle, Edgeworth, Vicary,

Winterbotlom, J. D. H.
decumbent low shrub, burnt down annually by the forest fires; branches
6-18 in., glabrous, the racemes minutely pubescent. Leaves typically 4 by 3 in.,
but often much smaller and narrower, shining, coriaceous, with scattered points on

Strachey

;;

458

lviii.

combretace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Combretum.

both surfaces petiole - in. Raceme often subterminal and solitary, 6-7 in. with a
peduncle 1-2 in. bracteoles fg in., linear-spathulate. Calyx-teeth, triangular, erect.
Petals narrow-obovate, far exceeding the sepals.
Disc and base of calyx within
covered by long fulvous hairs.
;

16. C. ovalifolium, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind. ii. 256; leaves
opposite ovate to lanceolate glabrous or nearly so, racemes lateral much divided
and terminal, young ovary and calyx without very glandular and slightly pubescent, calyx-tube shortly constricted above the ovary then widely campanulate.
W. A. Prodr. 317 Wight in Hook. Rot. Misc. iii. p. 86 with a figure
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 90. C. Heyneanum, Wall. Cat. 4001. 0. Roxburghii and 0. albidum, G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 429. 0. laxum, Roxb.
0. ThwaitesFl. Ind. ii. 230.
0. Wightianum, Thw. Enum. 103 in part.
ianum, Heurck $ Mull. Arg. Obs. Bot. 238.
;

Throughout the Deccan Peninsula, common

and

in

Ceylon.

A large

scandent shrub, nearly glabrous. Leaves typically 4^ by 3 in., but often

shorter and much .narrower, shining, quite glabrous or more rarely with some brown
hair about the base of the midrib beneath petiole \ in. Bracteoles minute buds
subglobose, obtuse.
Petals narrowly obovate,
Calyx-teeth, triangular, acute, reflexed.
scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Disc and base of the calyx within with much long
Fruit f in. long and nearly the same in breadth, dark brown, nearly glabrous.
hair.
Mr. Thwaites has sent to Kew (under number 1601, named C. Wightianum) two
plants, viz., C. ovalifolium Roxb. and C. extensum Roxb. ; upon which Van Heurck
and Mull. Arg. have founded two new species.
;

Sect. IV.

Quisqualoides.

Fruit with 4 membranous wings.

Calyx

constricted above the ovary and then produced into a cylindrical tube -4 in.,
terminated by a short campanulate 4-fid limb.
I

C.

extensum,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28,

Fl. Ind. ii. 229 ; leaves

opposite ovate or elliptic acute glabrous or nearly so, racemes lateral rarely
divided often elongate and terminal subpaniculate, young ovary (and calyx
without) puberulo-pubescent, calyx-teeth triangular acuminate reflexed, buds
ovate very acute.
Wall. Cat. 3996 ; G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 422
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 608 ; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 463. 0. rotundifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 226
0. Wightianum, Wall.
Wall. Cat. 3995.
Cat. 4007 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 317 ; Wight Ic. t. 227 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
90.
0. Horsfieldii, Miq. 1. c. 609 ; Kurz in Flm-a 1871, p. 289.
0. platyphyllum, Heurck 8r Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 242 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1874,
pt. ii. 188.
C. macrostachyum, Wall. Cat. 3997.
0. latifolium, Blume Bijd.
641 ; Miq. 1. c. 609. 0. leucanthum, Heurck $ Mull. Arg. Obs. Bot. 240.
C. formosum, Griff. Notul. iv. 682, fide Kurz.Rheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 23.
17.

Deccan Peninsula.
Singapoee.

Distrib.

Ceylon.
Malaya.

Tbansgangetic

Peninsula

from

Silhet

to

large scandent shrub, glabrous or nearly so.

Leaves 4-8 (sometimes 10 in.)
punctate on both surfaces when young petiole usually short but sometimes 1 in.
Racemes very thickly covered with flowers, sometimes short but generally elongate
4-6 in. Calyx with a ring of hairs at the base within, but not entirely filled by long
hair.
Petals narrow-obovate, slightly exceeding the calyx. Fruit \\ in. and nearly
as broad, puberulo-glandular or nearly glabrous.
;

18. C. sundalcum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 327 ; leaves opposite ovate
or oblong suddenly acuminate mature nearly glabrous, spikes subglobose dense
in ample terminal panicles, young ovary and calyx without punctate-glandular


Combretum.']

combretace^.

lviii.

;;;

(C. B. Clarke.)

459

scarcely pubescent, calyx-teeth triangular acuminate reflexed, buds ovate very

acute.

Malacca, Maingay No. 1681. Distrib. Sumatra.

Leaves 3-5 in., punctulate on both surfaces petiole

Calyx with a ring of

in.

Fruit 1 in. and nearly

hairs at its base within but not densely filled with long hair.
This species so exactly coincides with C. extensum
as broad, brown, nearly glabrous.
in its flowers and fruits that it may be doubted whether it is specifically distinct.
The leaves appear smaller and thinner, and the dense heads of flowers at the ends of
the branches of a large panicle give it a very different aspect.

EXCLUDED AND DOUBTFUL

Combretum

sp.

2.

Griff.

Notul.

682

iv.

is

SPECIES.

probably one of the large Termi-

nalias.

Combretum (Sect. Poivrea) semi-adnatum, Heurclc $ Muell. Arg. Obs. Bot. 244
leaves ternate short-petioled elliptic acute at first simply pubeiulous, racemes axillary long-peduncled dense, flowers long pedicelled, bracteoles adnate to the pedicels
" In the East Indies."
This must be very distinct from all
for half their length.
the known Indian species by its long-stalked ovary ; otherwise it might be C. tri-

foliatum.

Combretum ovale, Br.

See under

6.

2.

pilosum.

QUISQUALIS,

Linn.

Rambling subscandent large shrubs. Leaves opposite, oblong or obovate,

acuminate, entire. Floiuers in short spikes, axillary and terminal, white or red.
Calyx-tube prolonged loug and slender above the ovary, deciduous limb 5-fid.
Petals 5. Stamens 10, short. Ovary 1-celled ; style filiform, somewhat adherent
ovules 3-4, pendulous from the apex of
tp the calyx-tube, stigma subcapitate
the cell. Fruit dry, coriaceous, 5-angled or 5-winged, subindehiscent. Seed 1,
cotyledons (occasionally 3, Kurz) not convolute. Distrib. Species 4, tropical
3 Indian, 1 African.
;

Known from Combretum

bretum

Sect. Quisqualoides

Sect. Poivrea

by the elongate

calyx-tube, and

by the 5-merous flowers and the

from Com-

fruit.

1. Q. indica, Linn. Sp. PL 556; calyx-tube above the ovary l|-2 in.,
calyx-teeth triangular acute not acuminate, fruit with very sharp angles scarcely
winged. Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 336 Lamk. 111. t. 357 DC. Prodr. iii. 23
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 427 Wall. Cat. 4010 Wight 111. t. 92 W. $ A. Prodr. 318;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 610 Brandis For. Fl. 220. Q. villosa, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 426; Spreng. Sijst. ii. 331; DC. Prodr. iii. 23. Q. glabra, Burm. Fl.
Ind. t. 28. Q. pubescens, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 35. Q. ebracteata, Beauv. Fl.
Owar. t. 35.
Q. Loureiri, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 667. Q. sinensis, Lindl. in
Bot. Reg. N.S. vol. xxx. t. 15. Q. longiflora, P?*esl Epimel. 216. Quisqualis sp.,
Rumph. Herb. Amboin. v. t. 38.
Griff. Notul. iv. 683.
;

Throughout India, alt. 0-1000 ft., cultivated: wild probably in the TransgangeDistrib. Cultivated generally in the tropics, wild in Malaya.
tic Peninsula.
Leaves 4 in., nearly glabrous or in var. villosa shortly pubescent beneath ; petiole
4-4 in., rusty villous as are the innovations.
Spikes somewhat dense ; bracteoles
| in., usually lanceolate, but variable, generally subpersistent. Petals rose or
scarlet, oblong or nearly round.
Fruit f-l by scarcely in., glabrous, black, very-

acute at the top.


460

lviii.

combretacej).

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Quisqualis.

Q. densiflora,

Wall. Cat. 4011 ; tube of the calyx above the ovary

Miq. Fl.
calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, fruit distinctly winged.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i, 611. S. confertum, Jack in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 155;
2.

-f

in.,

3fif.Lc.61L
Wallich.
Motjlmein ; Falconer. Malacca Griffith. Sincapobe Lobb.
;
Leaves 4-6 in., nearly glabrous petiole - in., rusty-pubescent. Spikes dense,
Petals
fulvo-pubescent
bracteoles -f in., lanceolate, pubescent, subpersistent.
Fruit 1 by in., shining, quadrangular, oblong the wings
less than in., scarlet.
narrow but distinct, papery. This species seems congeneric with Combretum pilosum
above.

Penang

Q. malabarica, Bedd.

3.

ovary

in.,

calyx-tube above the

Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 155
calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, petals ^ in. and more.
,

Deccan Peninsula; Carcoor Ghat, Wynaad,

alt.

1500

ft.,

Beddome.

A large climber,

nearly glabrous, the petioles becoming permanent as rigid spines.

Leaves 4-5 in.; petiole f in., glabrous.
Spikes somewhat few-flowered, minutely
grey-puberulous or pubescent bracteoles \ in., linear. Petals pink. Fruit unknown.
Much more glabrous than Q. densiflora, the bracteoles much smaller, the petals
;

much

longer.

7.

ILLIGERA,

Scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, with three entire petioluled

leaflets.
Flowers in elongate lax peduncled cymes bracteoles 1-3 at the base
of each flower.
Calyx-tube shortly constricted above the ovary limb of 5
valvate oblong deciduous lobes. Petals 5, valvate, oblong, alternate with and
as long as the calyx-lobes.
Stamens 5, epigynous, filament near the base carrying on each side a staminode anthers dehiscing by lateral valves.
Ovary 1celled
style 1, filiform, ending in a dilated undulate sinuated stigma
ovule 1,
pendulous from the apex of the cell. Fruit broadly 2-4-winged (2-winged in
the Indian species known) the wings veined.
Seed with plane-convex (not
convoluted) cotyledons. Distrib. Species 7 or 1, extending from Khasia to
Singapore, Malaya and the Philippines and one aberrant species in Angola
having 5 leaflets.
;

1. I. Coryzadenia, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 251 leaflets pubescent on the nerves beneath fulvo-pilose on the midrib above punctate at least
while young, staminodes sub-petaloid hooded and enfolded not emarginate.
I. appendiculata, Blume; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 469.
Coryzadenia
trifoliata, Griff. Notul. iv. 356.
;

Mebgui Griffith. Tenassebim, Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 4341 partly). Andamans Kurz.
Stem striate, nearly glabrous. Petiole 2-4 in. petiolules -1 in. (variable as in
most of the species), more or less fulvo-pilose leaflets 2-4 in., oblong or broad;

elliptic,

suddenly acuminate, usually cordate at base but sometimes acute

the lower

much

larger and their leaflets nearly orbicular.

leaves often
Cymes often 6-8 in.
bracteoles minute, ovate, and the calyx without minutely pubescent.
Fruit 1 by 2\
in. including the wings, softly minutely pubescent.
Kurz (in Journ. As. Soc. 1877,
pt. ii. 59) unites the two species of Meissner, viz., i". Coryzadenia and /. appendiculata.

2. I. XLurzii, C. B. Clarke; leaflets glabrous epunctate very coriaceous

with an incurved cartilaginous margin, staminodes subpetaloid hooded and
enfolded not emarginate, fruit 2-3 in. wide 2-winged.

(C. B. Clarke.)

cOMBRETACEiE.

lviii.

llligera.']

Burma (Karens) Kurz. Mikir Hills, Khasia Simons.

(Kew Distrib. No. 4341) partly. Malacca, Maingay No. 649,
;

461
Tenasserim

Heifer

650.

Petiole 2-5 in. petiolules ^-1 in. leaflets ellipticnearly glabrous.

lanceolate, those from the lower stem broader sometimes nearly orbicular.
Cymes
bracteoles very small, ovate, and as the calyx without minutely pubesoften 6-8 in.
Fruit 1 in. long, the wings brown nearly glabrous with horizontal striations.
cent.
If Meissner's species are united as proposed by Mr. Kurz, this must be regarded as
a variety.

Stem

striate,

Khasiana,

leaflets glabrous with tufts of long yelC. B. Clarke

I.
hairs in the nerve-axils beneath and sometimes minutely setose on the
midrib on the upper surface, staminodes not petaloid concave deeply emarginate,
fruit 2\ in. wide (not quite ripe) 2-winged.
3.

low

Khasia Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 4340) Churra, alt. 3000-4000 ft., J. D. H. $
Thomson; Likinsow, 2500-3000 ft., C. B. Clarke.
petiolules ^-1 in.
leaflets
Stem striate, nearly glabrous. Petiole 2-5 in.
elliptic-lanceolate (no lower leaves preserved).
Cymes often 6-10 in. bracteoles
very small, ovate, and as the calyx without minutely pubescent. Fruit 1 in. long and
more, the wings brown nearly glabrous with horizontal striations.
;

T.

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

DC. Prodr.

xv. pt. i. 251 founded on Wight's Herb. No.

394 is said to have drupes 5 lines long 4 lines thick, and therefore cannot belong to
the genus llligera as at present defined. There is no example in the Kew Herbarium
I.

obtttsa, Meissn. in

of any llligera from the Deccan Peninsula.

8.

A tall tree.

GYROCARPUS, Jacq.

Leaves alternate, long petioled, large, entire or lobed, clustered

towards the ends of the branches. Flowers small, unisexual, very numerous,
Male flowers very numerclustered in large branched cymes without bracts.
stamens 4-7, inserted at the base of the
ous
calyx 4-7-partite petals
calyx with as many alternate clavate glands, anthers dehiscing by valves
ovary 0. Female or hermaphrodite flowers few calyx-tube adherent to the
petals and stamens
ovary, limb 2-partite, persistent, enlarging in fruit
ovary 1-celled style 0, stigma sessile ovule solitary pendulous from the apex
of the cell. Nut bony, crowned by the elongate spathulate coriaceous calyxSeed with convolute cotyledons.
lobes.
;

G. Jacquini,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11, Cor. PI. t. 1, Fl. Ind. i. 445

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 196 Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma i. 470.
G. asiaticus, Willd. Sp. PI iv. 982 Wall. Cat. 968 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
978 DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 248. G. americanus, Jacq. PI. Amer. t. 178. G.
acuminatus, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 248. G. sphenopterus and G.
rugosus, R. Br. Prodr. 405.
1.

Lamk.

III.

t.

850

Deccan Peninsula, alt. 0-1000 ft., frequent. Bengal, rare. Malay Peninsula,
Distrib. The tropics of the whole world near the sea.

frequent.

Attains 60-80 ft. (Kurz).

Leaves (of full-grown trees) 4-5 in. and as broad,
broadly ovate, acuminate, entire, generally glabrous, those of young plants often very
large deeply lobed and more or less pubescent.
Peduncles 1-3 in., in the upper axils.
Drupes -f in., ovoid calyx-lobes 2-3 in.
;


462

lix. myrtace^e.

Oeder LIX.

(J. F. Duthie.)

MYRTACEiE.

(By

J.

F. Duthie, F.L.S.).

Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, seldom alternate or whorled,

petioled, simple, entire, rarely denticulate or crenate, 3-nerved or pinnatelynerved and usually with an intramarginal nerve, generally coriaceous and dotted

with pellucid glands. Stipules if present small and deciduous. Flowe?-s regular, very rarely irregular, hermaphrodite or polygamous by arrest, axillary, solitary or in spikes cymes corymbs or heads, naked or with an involucre, often
with 2 bracts at the base, white, pink, purple, or yellow, never blue. Calyx
superior or ^-superior, limb 4-5-ruany-fid or -partite, persistent or deciduous,
Petals inserted on a
valvate or imbricate, sometimes entire or closed in bud.
disk surrounding the cavity of the calyx, equal in number to the calyx-lobes and
Stamens usually oo, inserted with the petals in
alternate with them, rarely 0.
filaments free or
-several rows, rarely definite and alternate with the petals
;

coherent at the base or in bundles opposite the petals anthers

Ovary inferior or
small roundish with parallel cells bursting longitudinally.
^-inferior, crowned by a fleshy disk, 1-celled with 1 or more ovules, or 2many-celled with oo ovules placentation axile (parietal in JRhodamnia) style
terminal rarely lateral, smooth or bearded at the summit stigma undivided.
Fruit usually crowned with the calyx-limb, either 1-celled and 1-seeded by
arrest, or 2-many-celled with loculicidal or septicidal dehiscence ; or baccate
and indehiscent with the cells many-seeded or 1-seeded by arrest. Seeds angular cylindric or compressed; testa hard or membranous, sometimes winged;
embryo straight curved or spirally twisted, cotyledons usually short
albumen
and obtuse sometimes combined into a mass with the radicle, very rarely leafy,
Distrib. Tropical and subtropical regions
radicle often thick close to the hilum.
of both hemispheres species upwards of 1800.

more or

less

genus Eucalyptus are being successfully cultivated

in other parts of India. The common Myrtle (Myrtics communis, L.) is extensively grown in India, the leaves being used in native medicine ; it
extends from the Mediterranean region as far as Afghanistan and Beluchistan.
Species of the Australian

on the Nilghiri

hills

and

Allspice (Pimenta acris, Wight), a "West Indian tree, is much cultivated for the sake
of its aromatic leaves and berries.
Glaphyria sericea, Jack, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 128, from Penang, may be a speMyrtus andros&moides, Poir. is Myonima
cies of Leptospermum by description only.
A native of Mauritius. Hircea Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3566 F.
multiflora, Ait.
is Becaspermum paniculatum, Kurz.

A. Fruit

Tribe

many

I.

capsular.

Leptospermeae.

Ovary 2-5-celled.

Fruit opening by as

valves.

Leaves narrow.
Stamens definite (10 or fewer) free, in one series. Leaves
Flowers few or solitary in the axils
alternate.
Stamens oo, free, in one series. Leaves alternate. Flowers
few or solitary in the axils
Stamens oo, slightly combined below into bundles opposite
Flowers in heads or
the petals and exceeding them.

....

spikes

Leaves broad. Stamens oo, united into 5 bundles opposite the

petals.
Flowers in axillary cymes

1.

B^ckea.

2.

Leptospebmtjm.

3.

Melalecca.

4.

Tristania.

lix.

JBcechea.']

myrtace^.

(J. F. Dnthie.)

B. Fruit fleshy.

Tribe

II.

Myrteae.

Ovary 2- or more-celled (except Bhodamnia).

Fruit a berry or drupe.

of calyx closed in bud with the lobes subimbricate, ra*4. Psidium.
ther deeply valvately divided when in flower
Limb of calyx 4-5-lobed or -partite in bud, not becoming
further divided when in flower.
Ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placentas. Leaves 35. Ehodamnia.
nerved
Ovary 1-3-celled with double rows of ovules in each
Leaves somecell separated by spurious partitions.
6. Khodomyktus.
times 3-nerved
2-6
54-celled
with
ovules
in each cell.
rarely
Ovary
narrow,
curved,
circular,
or
spiral,
and
long
Embryo
with small cotyledons
7. Decaspebmtjm.
Ovary 2-3-celled with several ovules in each cell and
Embryo thick and
without spurious partitions.
fleshy, not divisible, or with 2 thick fleshy cotyle8. Eugenia.
dons and a short radicle

Limb

Tribe

III.

Lecythideae

(Sub-tribe Barringtoniese).

Fruit indehiscent, hard and fibrous or fleshy.

celled.

Ovary 2- or more-

Leaves alternate, not

gland-dotted.

Stamens all perfect. Eruit angular, fibrous, 1 -seeded

Outer or inner stamens or both without anthers. Fruit
ovoid or globular, fleshy, many-seeded
.

1.

EiSCKEA,

9.

10.

Barbingtonia.

Careya.

Linn.

Glabrous heath-like shrubs. Leaves opposite, narrow, pointed, with many

pellucid glands. Flowers normally 5-merous, axillary, peduncled, with 2 minute
Calyx-tube campanulate lobes 5, membranous, persistent.
bracts at their base.
Stamens 10 or fewer, shorter than the petals. Ovary
Petals 5, suborbicular.
inferior or ^-inferior, 2-3-celled, with several ovules in each cell.
Capsule
bursting from above loculicidally. Seeds angular j embryo straight with short
Distrib. Species about 50, the greater number Australian, a few
cotyledons.
in New Caledonia, one only extending into India.
;

1. B. frutescens, Linn. ; leaves linear pointed ascending or spreading,

flowers axillary shortly peduncled, calyx-lobes roundish petaloid, stamens 10
DC. JProdr. iii. 229; Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. m.
rarely 8, ovary 3-celled.
260; Bot. Mag. t. 2802; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 69; Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt.
Benth. Fl. Hongh. 118. B. Oumingiana, Schauer in Walp. Rep. ii. 920.
i. 406
Osbeck Ltin. 231, t. 1.
B. chinensis, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 157, t. 31.
;

Eastern Peninsula Malacca, Griffith, Maingay, Cuming, Lobb, Low. Disteib.

Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, S. China.
A slender shrub with rod-like branches. Leaves small, - in. long, flat or somewhat channelled above, convex beneath. Peduncles usually solitary and short with
2 minute bracts at the base. Flowers small, white, 5-merous, occasionally 4-merous.
Calyx-tube campanulate.
;

464

lix. myetace^e.

2.

[Leptospermum.

Duthie.)

(J. F.

LEPTOSPERMUM,

Font.

Shrubs, rarely small trees, glabrous or silky-pubescent. Leaves alternate,

1-3 nerves or nerveless.
Floivers solitary in the axils of the
leaves, or 2-3 together at the ends of the branches, rarely peduncled, sometimes
polygamous bracts broad, scarious, often imbricate, the lower ones soon falling
Calyx-tube broadly campanulate or turbinate, adnate to the ovary below,
off.
Stamens oo, in a
the free upper part broad ; lobes 5. Petals 5, spreading.
single series, not longer than the petals ; anthers versatile, their parallel cells
Ovary inferior or
bursting longitudinally; connective' swollen, gland-like.
^-inferior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, 6- or more-celled, rarely 3- or 4-celled
style filiform, inserted in a deep depression of the ovary, sometimes short, stigma
Capsule usually exceeding the calyx-tube, opening loculicicapitate or peltate.
Seeds oo, linear or winged, often sterile embryo straight.
dally from above.
Distrib. Species upwards of 25, chiefly Australian, a few in New Zealand and
entire, rigid, with

New

Caledonia.

1. Xi. amboinense, Blame Bijd. p. 1100 ; Mus. Bot. i. 68 ; glabrous or

silky on the young parts, leaves linear-lanceolate or obovate obtuse, flowers sesDC. Prodr. iii.
sile or nearly so solitary terminal or axillary, ovary 5-celled.
229 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 404. L. flavescens, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

DC. Prodr. iii. 227 Bot. Mag. 2695 Benth. FL Austral,

Macklottia amboinensis, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 196.
amboinensis, JRumph. Herb. Amb. ii. 77, t. 18.

iii.

262

iii.

104,

Myrtus

var. a.

Malacca
Distrib. Indian Archipelago, and from
Griffith, Maingay, Low.
Queensland to Tasmania.
A shrub. Leaves 1 in. and smaller, 1-3-nerved or the nerves indistinct, narrowly
Flowers sometimes % in. across. Calyx glabrous,
or broadly oblong or even obovate.
tube broadly campanulate lobes rather shorter than the tube. Anthers attached to
a purplish gland-like connective. Ovary glabrous, prominent above the calyx-tube,
and with a central depression round the style.
;

2. Xi. javanicum, Blums Bijdr. 1100 ; Mus. Bot. i. 68 leaves lanceolate

obtuse obscurely 3-nerved tipped with a deciduous mucro, ovary 5-celled.
L. floribundum, Jungh. Java i. 578. Macklottia javanica, Korth. Ned. Kruidk.
Arch. (1847), 196.
;

Moulmein exposed

rocks, alt. 5000 ft., Lobb.

Distkib. Java, Sumatra ?
high.
Leaves ^-1 in. by \ in., narrowly obovate with silky hairs
on the edges and beneath, midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves soon vanishing
upwards. Flowers about in. across, few or solitary, axillary. Calyx-lobes ovate,
obtuse, membranous, deciduous.
Anthers attached to a dark-coloured gland-like conStyle about in.
nective.
stigma capitate. Capsule 5-celled, smooth, smaller than
;

A shrub,

-1

ft.

in Miquel's specimens

from Java.

3.

MELALEUCA, Linn.

Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire, lanceolate or

1-3-many-nerved.
Floivers in heads or spikes, each
Calyx-tube
sessile in the axil of a floral leaf, 5-merous
bracts deciduous.
subglobose; lobes 5, imbricate or open.
Petals 5, spreading, deciduous.
Stamens oo, more or less united at their bases into 5 bundles opposite the petals
Ovary infeanthers versatile, the cells parallel and bursting longitudinally.

Trees or shrubs.

linear, flat or subterete,


Melaleuca."]

myrtaceje.

.lix.

(J. F.

Duthie.)

465

with many ovules in each

3 valves.
Perfect seeds

rior or ^-inferior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, usually

Capsule opening loculicidally from above by
cell.

embryo straight, cotyledons longer than the radicle. Distbib. Upwards of 100 species, all Australian, one of them extending into Tropical
cuneate

Asia.

Leucadendron,

Linn.
leaves alternate elliptic or lanceolate
1. XH.
straight oblique or falcate 3-7-nerved with anastomosing nerves, spikes long
interrupted solitary or 2 or 3 together terminal at first and then surmounted
by leafy branches, rachis and calyx glabrous or woolly. Benth. Fl. Austral.
iii. 142 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. li. p. 61 ; For. Fl. Brit.

Burm.

i.

472.

Distrib. Malay
Griffith; Malacca, Maingay Cuming.
Islands to Australia.
A tree, often of large size, with a thick spongy bark peeling off in layers, and
pendulous branches or stunted and with stiff erect branches. Leaves often vertical,
acuminate acute or obtuse, narrow and 6-8 in., or broader more rigid and 2-4 in*
Calyx-tube ovoid ;, lobes roundish and often scarious at the
Flower-spikes 2-6 in.
Starninal bundles under in., each with 5-8 filaments.
Petals in.
margin.
Fruiting -calyx about \ in. in
Ovules oo, ascending, attached to an oblong placenta.
Seeds obovoid or cuneate ; cotyledons obovate, thick, much longer than the
diam.

Tenasserim and Mergui,

radicle.

are the principal varieties of this species, concerning which Mr.

(Fl. Austral, iii. 142)
" This species, very widely spread and
abundant in the Indian Archipelago and Malayan Peninsula, varies exceedingly in the
size, shape and texture of the leaves, in the young shoots very silky-villous or woolly,
or the whole quite glabrous in the short and dense or long and interrupted spikes
in the size of the flowers in the greenish -yellow, whitish, pink or purple stamens, etc..
and at first sight it is difficult to believe that they all can be forms of one species but
on examination none of these variations are sufficiently constant or so combined as to
allow of distinct races."
Var. Leucadendron-, spikes glabrous. Linn. Mant. 105 and Suppl. 342; Lour.
Fl. Cochinch. 468; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 397; DC. Prodr. iii. 212; Wall. Cat. 3646;
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 66 Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 401. Myrtus Leucadendron,
Rumph. Herb. Amb. ii. 72, tt. 16, 17, f. 1. Cultivated in India.
Linn.
Var. minor spikes villous. M. minor, Sm. in Rees. Cycl. 23 DC. Prodr. iii.
M.
212 ; Wall. Cat. 3645 Blume Mus. Bot. i. 67 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 403.
Miq. 1. c. 403. M. LeucaCajuputi, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 394 W. Sf A. Prodr. 326
Gcertu.
Fruct.
i.
t.
viridiflora,
DC.
Prodr.
M.
173,
35;
dendron, Lam. Encycl. 641.
M. Cumingiana and
Wall. Cat. 3647. M. saligna, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 66.
I. c. ;
Myrtus saligna, Gmel. Syst. 793.
lancifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. xx. 164.
Rumph. Herb. Amb. ii. 76. This appears to be the plant from which the Cajuput-oii
of commerce is chiefly obtained.
Miquel(Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. c.) describes M. Cumingiana as specifically distinct, distinguishing it from M. lancifolia by the absence of auricles to the starninal bundles the
existence of these however in the latter does not appear to be evident. Mr. Bentham
(PI. Austral. 1. c.) considers that both of them belong to one of the common Archipelago forms with twin leaves and small flowers.

The following
Bentham remarks

4.

TRISTAN! A, R. Br.

Tall shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or crowded at the summit of the

branches, rarely opposite. Flowers small, yellow or white, arranged in axillary
cymes; bracts deciduous or 0. Calyx-tube turbinate campanulate or open,
attached below to the ovary lobes 5, imbricate in aestivation, persistent. Petals
hH
VOL. II.
;

(J. F. Duthie.)

lix. myrtace^i.

4*66

[Tristania.

Stamens oo, shorter than the petals, usually united in 5 bundles

5, spreading.
and opposite to them anthers versatile, cells parallel and opening longitudinally.
Ovary inferior or ^-superior, 3-celled ovules many in each cell, suspended or horizontal. Capsule loculicidally 3-valved. Perfect seeds few, linear,
cuneate, or winged at the upper part; embryo straight, cotyledons broad, longer
than the radicle. Distrib. Upwards of 1 4 species inhabiting the Malay peninsula and islands, New Caledonia, and Australia.
;

1. T. Wig-htiana, Griff. MSS. ; leaves alternate shortly petioled oblanceolate acuminate glabrous closely pinnate-nerved, cymes corymbose dichotomous long peduncled terminal and axillary equalling or exceeding the leaves,
branches angular pubescent, bracts leaflike, flowers small on short pedicels,
staminal bundles 3-androus, capsule very small almost wholly exserted, seeds
narrow compressed winged. T. sumatrana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 308.
Hypericinea pimentifotfa, Wall. Cat. 4828.

Malacca,

Griffith;

Sincapore, Wallich, Lobb; Penang, Walker.

Distrib.

Java,

Sumatra, Borneo.

A shrub. Bark reddish-brown. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2 in., gradually narrowing

towards the base, obtusely acuminate or cuspidate, shining above, dull and tawnycoloured beneath, margins revolute, lateral nerves slender uniting in a continuous
Primary and secondary branches of inflorescence very long.
jntramarginal one.
Calyx-tube broadly campanulate above, spreading or reflexed in fruit, its inner surface
Petals nearly round, glandular.
and the ovary clothed with pure white pubescence.
Seeds 4-5 in each cell.
Style short.
T. burmannica,

2.

Griff.

MSS.

leaves alternate or

crowded

at the

ends of the branches shortly petioled oblong-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely

acuminate glabrous or tomentose, cymes axillary few-flowered much shorter
than the leaves branches angular pubescent, flowers small yellowish on short
pedicels 2 or 3 together with linear bracts at the base, calyx-lobes sub-acute,
staminal bundles about 5-7-androus, capsule exserted about its length,
seeds in. long winged.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii.
" Tristania facie," Griff. Notul. 648.
For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 474.
p. 61
Hypericinea micrantha, Wall. Cat. 4829.
;

Tenasserim:, Heifer Moulmein and Malacca, Falconer, Griffith, Wallich ; Pegu,

Distrib. Java and Borneo.
shrub upwards of 8 ft. Bark grey. Young parts and upper branches of inflorescence pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by -l in., shining above, lighter below or rustycoloured, coriaceous, margins revolute, dots inconspicuous, lateral nerves slender,
prominent, uniting in a continuous looping one near the margin petiole in. or less.
Cymes compact, dichotomous. Petals nearly round, shining. Ovary silky-pubescent
ovules many, suspended.
Capsule ^ in.
Seeds compressed.
Var. tomentosa leaves ochre-coloured hairy on both surfaces towards the base
and along the prominent midrib, cymes nearly sessile compact and densely clothed
with yellow tomentum, flowers larger and calyx-tube broader above, style longer,
stigma capitate, young capsule rugose pubescent, seeds about 4 in each cell. "A
small tree." Tenasserim mountains, 4000 ft.,
Parish.
There are no ripe capsules
on the single specimen preserved in the Kew Herbarium. Possibly a distinct species.
Var. ? ; leaves longer (2-5 in.), cymes lax, peduncles f in., the capsules and seeds
however are similar to those of Wallich's Hypericinea micrantha ; there are no
Near Moulmein, alt. 1000 ft., C. Parish.
flowers on this specimen.

Kurz.

3. T. merg-uensis, Griff, in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1854, 637 ; leaves

alternate or the upper nearly opposite very shortly petioled or sessile obovatelanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate glabrous, panicles on long peduncles,
branches angular pubescent above, bracts leaflike, calyx-lobes oblong rounded

Tristania.']

lix.

mtktace^.

(J. P.

Duthie.)

467

at the apex, staminal bundles 6-10-androus, capsule roundish large exserted

nearly in., seeds compressed. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 473. " Tristaniae
Melaleuca eugeniifolia,
affinis," Griff. Notul. 650; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 636, f. 3.
Wall. Cat. 3648. M. decurrens, Wall. Cat. 3649.

Tenasserim or Andaman Islands, Heifer Malacca, Finlayson,

Ophir, Griffith. Distrib. Borneo. Cap. Rochardo, Wallich.
tree with pendent branches.
Leaves 2-7 by 1\ in., gradually narrowing
towards the base, often retuse at the apex, pinnate-nerved, rusty red beneath, darker
Above and punctate.
Branches of the inflorescence compressed, angular, furrowed,
upper part together with the bracts and calyx covered with stiff whitish hairs.
Calyx-tube rather less than in., broadly campanulate in fruit, its nearly truncate limb
spreading or reflexed lobes obtuse. Petals small, transversely oblong with a minute
claw at the base. Filaments hairy below. Ovary pilose style rather long, stigma
slightly capitate ovules co, pendulous from the apex of the cells.
Valves of the
capsule transversely wrinkled externally.
Seeds about 8 in each cell, compressed,
^ in. long. Griffith remarks that the flowers are white and disagreeably scented.
In Wallich's M. decurrens the blade of the leaf extends to the base, and the leaves
are less conspicuously dotted.

Meroui,

Wallich

Griffith

Mount

4. T. BXaing'ayi, Duthie ; leaves alternate shortly petioled narrowly

oblanceolate attenuated at each end obtuse coriaceous glabrous, cymes chiefly
from the upper leaf-axils, branches compressed or angular pubescent, flowers
sessile 3-4 together, staminal bundles 5-11-androus, capsule rather large about
^ in roundish exserted its length, seeds winged 9-10 in each cell.

Maiaya, Maingay Kew Distrib. 767 in part.

Leaves l- 2^ by -f in., dark and polished above, rusty-yellow beneath, dotted,
margins slightly revolute, nerves not prominent.
Cymes dichotomously branched
peduncles -l in. pedicels and calyx covered with light yellow tomentum, lobes
;

rounded at the apex or subacute. Petals small, transversely oblong or orbicular,

hairy outside. Filaments hairy below. Ovary pubescent with white hairs.
Capsules
^ in. in diam.
5. T. G-riffithii, Kurz in Pegu Rep. Append. B. p. 50
leaves crowded
towards the ends of the branches lanceolate attenuated at both ends, cymes
;

subaxillary few-flowered, flowers rather large white, capsule scarcely exserted,

seeds winged.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 61 ; For. Fl.
Brit. Burm. i. 474.
T. conferta, Griff. Notul. p. 649 ; not of R. Br.
Mergtji, Griffith Pegu, Kurz.
shrub. Leaves coriaceous, pellucid-punctate.
Terminal buds with imbricating
membranous scales. Calyx-tube turbinate lobes 5, ovate, acuminate, falling off circumscissly at the apex of the fruit. Petals round.
Filaments nearly equal to the
petals.
Style filiform, shorter than the stamens ; stigma capitate.
I have not seen,
specimens.
;

4*.

PSIDIUM,

Linn,

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, not dotted. Peduncles 1- fewflowered flowers large, white.
Calyx urceolate or obovate limb undivided in
Petals 4 or 5,
aestivation, separating valvately into 4-5 lobes when in flower.
Stamens oo. Ovary 2- or more-celled with many ovules in each cell.
free.
Berry many-seeded. Seeds with hard testa embryo curved, radicle long,
cotyledons short. Distrib. Tropical and subtropical America; about 100
species have been enumerated.
;

Hh


468
1.

lix. mtrtacejb.

P. Guyava,

Linn.-, Benth. Fl.

Griseb. Fl. Brit. West. Ind.

pt.

ii.

p.

62;

Fw:

241

Fl.Brit. Burm.

Kurz
1.

[Psidium.

(J. F. Duthie.)

Hongh. 120; Brandts Far. Fl. 232;

in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877)

476.

Naturalised throughout India.

small tree, pubescent on the young branches. Leaves on very short petioles,
ovate or oblong, and usually acuminate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous or nearly so above,
Peduncles
softly pubescent beneath and with the principal nerves prominent.
axillary, in., 1-3-flowered buds ovoid in the adnate part, the free part also ovoid
but larger and more or less pointed. Petals broad, A in. in diameter. Fruit globose or
"Indigenous in Mexico and possibly in other parts of Tropical America,
pear-shaped.
In India the Guava is culticultivated and naturalised in most tropical countries.
vated almost everywhere except in the north-western corner of the Punjab. It often
run wild, but there is no ground for supposing that the Guava is indigenous in India.
"Wood compact, close-grained, takes a beautiful polish." {Brandis I. c.)
Var. jn/riferum, Linn, (sp.) peduncles ,1-fld, fruit pyriform. Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
480.
Var. pomiferum, Linn, (sp.) ; peduncles usually 2-3-fld, fruit globose or ovoid.
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 480.

5.

RHODAMNIA,//,;.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, hoary or pubescent beFlowers rather small, pedicels short, sometimes very shortly fasciculate
neath.
Calyx-tube ovoid or subglobose,
or in lax racemes ; bracteoles small, deciduous.
not produced beyond the ovary segments 4, persistent. Petals 4r, spreading.
Stamens oo, in many series, free,; filiments filiform; anthers versatile with
Ovary 1-celled with parietal placentation
parallel cells dehiscing longitudinally.
and many ovules ; style filiform, stigma peltate. Berry globose, crowned with
the limb of the calyx. Seeds few, reniform, globose or variously compressed,
embryo horseshoe-shaped, radicle long, cotyledons very short.
testa hard
Distrib. About 12 ? species 3 in Australia, and the rest natives of Tropical
Asia.
;

R.

trinervia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 79; leaves ovate-oblong or ovate1.

lanceolate acuminate glabrous or more or less reticulate above prominently
3-nerved from the base often silvery-pubescent beneath, peduncles slender axillary 1- rarely 3-fl. with minute bracteoles under the calyx, berry globose redKurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 63 ; For. Fl. Brit.
dish.
Burm. i. 474; Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 278.
Myrtus trinervia, Sm. in Linn.
Trans, iii. 280. Eugenia ? trinervia, DC. Prodr. iii. 279 ; Bot. Mag. 3223.
Tenasserim, Heifer
Wallich

Malacca, Cuming, Griffith Sincapore and Penang, Walker y

Nicobar Islands, Kurz. Distrib. Malay Islands and Philippines to Aus;

tralia.

A small tree or shrub with greyish wrinkled bark and pilose branchlets, young
parts and inflorescence often densely silky. Leaves variable in size, 4-6 by \\- 2 in.,
sometimes rugose beneath, shortly petioled, subacute at the base. Peduncles varying
in length, shorter than the leaves. Flowers white, fragrant.
Petals twice as long as
the calyx-lobes, hairy outside.
Stamens nearly as long as the petals. Berry about
in. in diam. I have adopted Mr. Kurz's nomenclature who includes the various
forms under the following varieties.
Var. concolor leaves green on both surfaces, sparingly pubescent, peduncles 4-7R. cinerea, Griff. Notul. 653, not of Jack. Kurz in Journ. As.
or fewer-flowered.
Soc. 1. c.
E. concolor, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Sujypl. i. 315. Myrtus smilacifolia, Wall.
Cat. 3629.
Var. sjpectabilis leaves silvery- white 1 eneath or greyish when old, flowers usually


Blwdamnia.~\

lix.

myrtaoe2B.

(J. F.

Duthie.)

469

fewer 2 or solitary. E. spectabilis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 78 Miq. I. c. 479 Kurz I.e.
R. cinerea, Jack in Mai. Misc. Monoxora spectabilis, Wight 111. ii. 12, t. 97*, f. 5.
E. Nageli, Miq. I.e. E. subtriflora and E. Mulleri, Bl. I.e. 79.
;

6.

RHODOMYRTUS,

DC.

Trees or tomentose shrubs. Leaves opposite, 5- or 3-nerved. Flowers rather

Calyx-tube turbinate, oblong or subglobose, hardly produced
above the ovary ; lobes 5 rarely 4, herbaceous, persistent. Petals 5, rarely 4,
large, axillary.

Stamens

spreading.

oo, free, in

many

Ovary 1- 2- 3-celled with spuri-

series.

ous partitions, or divided into numerous 1-ovuled superposed cells style filiform, stigma capitate. Berry drupelike, globose or ovoid, with few or numerous
Seeds compressed, reniform or nearly
seeds not distinctly superposed in rows.
orbicular, horizontal, testa hard; embryo curved or spiral, radicle very long,
cotyledons small. Distrjb. 5 species, 4 of them inhabitants of E. Australia,
and 1 widely distributed over Tropical Asia, especially throughout the Indian
Archipelago as far as China.
;

Wight Spicil. Neilgh. i. 60, t. 71 branches downy

1. R. tomentosa,
above slightly compressed, leaves elliptic or obovate obtuse shortly petioled
3-nerved hoary on the underside with soft tomentum, peduncles axillary shorter
than the leaves 1-3-fl., flowers with 2 ovate bracteoles at the base, calyx
tomentose 5-cleft, lobes unequal, berry oval or subglobose 3-celled, seeds compressed forming 2 rows in each cell. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 477 Benth.
Fl. Hongk. 121
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. xiv.
Myrtus tomentosa, Ait.
DC. Prodr. iii. 240; Vahl Symb. ii. 56; Blume Bijdr. 1081 W. 8f A. Prodr.
Wight III. ii. 12, t. 97* f. 3, Ic. 522 Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 498 Wall.
i. 328
Cat. 3630
Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 197.
M. canescens, Lour. Fl.
;

Cochinc.

i.

311.

Western Peninsula, Pulney

Hills,

Beddome

Nilghiris,

Adam.

Eastern' Pen-

insula, Malacca, Griffith. Maingay ; Sincapore and Penang, Thomson, Anderson.

Ceylon, alt. 6-8000 ft., Walker, C
shrub, 4-5 ft. young parts clothed with thick tomentum. Lower leaves in
threes, upper ones and those of the branches opposite, 1-2| in. with 3 or rarely 5 prominent nerves starting from near the base, dark brown above, at length glabrous and
Peduncles about half the length of the leaves,
shining, hoary beneath and rugose.
bearing 1-3 large pink flowers ^-f in. across. Petals downy outside, shortly clawed.
Berry about the size of a cherry, dark purple, pulp fleshy, sweet and aromatic. Col.
Beddome says that this is abundant on the higher mountains in the Madras Presidency, and is known at Ootacamund as " Hill Gooseberry." The fruit is eaten raw,
or made into jam called " Thaonty." Its wood is whjte with pink heart, the grain
close and cutting like cheese, but splitting when seasoned
useful for small turnery.

7.

DECASPERMUM, Forst.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate-nerved. Floivers small, in

and sometimes forming terminal leafy panicles, occasionally
Calyx-tube campanulate, scarcely or not at all produced above
polygamous.
Stamens oo, in several series, free, filathe ovary lobes 4 or 5, spreading.
ments filiform anthers small, versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally.
Ovary 4- or 5-celled with 2 or very few ovules in each cell; cells
Berry
often divided by spurious dissepiments ; style filiform, stigma peltate.
axillary racemes,

470

ltx.

mtetace^.

(J. F. Duthie.)

[Decaspermwm.

Seeds few, reniforni; testa hard;

globular, crowned with the calyx-lobes.
embryo hippocrepiforni or circular, with a long radicle and short linear cotyleDistrib. Species about 4, inhabiting Tropical Asia and Australia, and
dons.

the Pacific Islands.

Closely related to Myrtus.

D. paniculatum, Kurz

1.

p.

61

Burm.

For. Fl. Brit.

i.

in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii.

leaves shortly petioled oblong acumi;

475

nate suddenly narrowing below, flowers in terminal and axillary panicles

Nelitria
often polygamous, calyx-lobes roundish or subacute, ovary 4-celled.
Wall. Cat.
paniculata, Lindl. Collect, under No. 16 DC. Prodr. iii. 231
3627 ; Wight III. ii. 12, t. 97*, f. 10, Ic. 521 Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 279.
N. polygama, Spreng. Syst. ii. 488; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 197*
N. pallescens, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 314. Eugenia polygama, BoxK
Hort. Beng. 92 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 491. E. cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 3627.
;

Eastern Bengal, Khasia Mts. Pegu, Kurz Mergui, Griffith Malacca,.

Maingay, Cuming. Distrib. Java, Philippines, Australia.
A shrub or small tree young parts and inflorescence covered with silky pubesLeaves 2 by about 1 in., abruptly contracted at the base, cuspidate-acuminate,
cence.
dark and glossy above, paler and often of a reddish colour beneath. Panicles ascending,
equalling or exceeding the leaves bracts leaflike, or small and deciduous. Flowers
Calyx-tube more or less clothed with white hairs; lobes usually
small, crowded.
Petals ciliate.
Style exserted.
Berry globose, about
less hairy or nearly glabrous.
much in the size of the flowers, the shape of the calyx-lobes,
This
plant
varies
in.
and in the degree of hairiness. I have given M. pallescens as a synonym on the
Some of Maingay's Malacca
authority of Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 57).
specimens with an abnormally congested leafy inflorescence somewhat resemble JV.

leucocoma.

Var. khasiana

flowers larger, petals

leaves narrower, panicles long peduncled lax few-flowered,

longer than the calyx. Khasia, Griffith, J. D. H. 8f T. T.,

Kurz.
Var. Finlaysoniana

leaves thicker, panicles shorter than the leaves, calyx-tubedensely clothed with white torn en turn, lobes all rounded and less hairy, stamens
nearly equalling the petals.
N. polymorpha, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 75, t. lx. Hirsea
Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 7263.
No locality given, Finlayson, Lobb.
;

8.

EU6ENIA,Zn

Trees or shrubs, smooth or rarely tomentose or villous.

Leaves opposite
rarely alternate, coriaceous or membranous, pinnate-nerved.
Inflorescence centripetal with solitary axillary flowers, or in short racemes (leafless branches),
or centrifugal in dense terminal cymes, or in terminal or lateral trichotomous
panicles.
Bracts usually small and deciduous.
Calyx-tube globose or more or
less elongate ; lobes 4 rarely 5.
Petals 4 rarely 5 or more or 0, free and spreading or united in a calyptra. Stamens oo, in many rows, free or slightly combined into 4 bundles, filaments filiform; anthers small, versatile, bursting
longitudinally. Ovary 2- rarely 3-celled ; style filiform, stigma small ; ovules oo
in each cell.
Berry drupelike, rarely dry and fibrous, crowned with the persistent calyx-limb.
Seeds few, globose, variously compressed, testa membranous
or cartilaginous; embryo thick and fleshy, radicle short, cotyledons thick
more or less united or distinct. Distrib. Upwards of 700 species inhabiting
chiefly tropical and subtropical America, tropical Asia, a few in Australia
and Africa.

;
;

lix. myrtace2E.

Eugenia.]

(J. F.

Duthie.)

471

Calyx usually with a thickSect. I. Jambosa. Inflorescence cymose.

ened staminal disk and 4 conspicuous persistent lobes. Flowers showy, usually
Berries large, turbinate or ovoid.
Seeds large, with a thick fleshy
4-merous.
(To p. 481).
endocarp.
*

Flowers

lateral, sessile or subsessile, usually from leafless axils.

1. E. formosa,
Wall. PI. As. Ear. ii. 6, t. 108 ; Cat. 3609, in part ;
leaves large opposite or in threes nearly sessile elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate cordate or amplexicaul at the base, racemes lateral short few-flowered,
calyx-tube turbinate narrowed into a long pedicel, lobes unequal, fruit subglobose pendulous crowned with the recurved calyx-limb. Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 68 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 492 ; Wight III. ii. 14.
Jambosa formosa, Walp. Rep. Bot. ii. 191 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 92 ; Mia. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 412. J. mappacea, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 200.

Eastern Bengal and Eastern Peninsula, Chittagong, Upper Tenasserim,

Banks of Attra E., Wallich.
A lofty tree with wide-spreading branches. Bark soft, ash-coloured, marked with

Moulmein.

the scars of fallen leaves. Branchlets alternately compressed or subtrigonous. Leaves

crowded at the ends of the branchlets, 5- upwards of 16 by 4-4| in., very coriaceous,
shining above, paler beneath
midrib stout lateral nerves prominent beneath,
uniting within the margin. Flowers large, purple turning to red, scentless. Peduncles
Calyx-tube
fleshy, branches clavate jointed near the middle; bracteoles 2, minute.
much produced ; lobes spreading, orbicular. Petals twice as large as the calyx-lobes
shortly clawed.' Stamens many, very long. Ovary turbinate. Berry size of a walnut,
2-celled, smooth, shining, white, insipid.
Seeds large, rugose, greenish,
Var. ternifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. ii. 489 (sp.) leaves in threes.
Wall. Cat. 3607; Wight JU. ii. 14; Ic. t. 611; Blume Mus. Bot. 92 {Jambosa).
Sikxim, J. D. H. Assam and Silhet, Wallich. Pegu, McClelland.
;

2. E. amplexicaulis, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. ii. 483; leaves
opposite amplexicaul oblong with a rounded apex, peduncles short lateral 3- or
9-tlowered, berries spherical size of a small apple.
Wight III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 608
Wall. Cat. 3612 Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1033 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi.
Jambosa amplexicaulis,
(1877) pt. ii. p. 68; For. Fl. Brit. Burnt, i. 493.
DC. Prod. iii. 287. J. alba, var. amplexicaulis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 414
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 96. J. sylvestris alba, Rumph. Herb. Amb. i. 127, t. 39 ?
;

Chittagong, Roxburgh.

Trunk tolerably straight, quickly dividing into numerous spreadBark of woody parts brown. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in. Peduncles trifid,

stately tree.

ing branches.
each division

Flowers large, white, scentless. Berry greenish-yellow

Beng. 1. c. refers to specimens in Herb. Brandis
collected in Upper Tenasserim as coming very near to this species, and only differing
from Eoxburgh's figure by having a terminal inflorescence. In the figure given by
Eumphius 1. c. the leaves are acute at the base.

when

ripe.

3-flowered.

Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc.

3. E. malaccensis, Linn. ; Lam. Diet. iii. 196 ; leaves shortly petioled

large ovate or elliptic-oblong attenuated at each end coriaceous glossy, racemes
lateral dense shortly peduncled, flowers red, calyx-tube turbinate narrow below,
lobes unequal, fruit subglobose or depressed-turbinate crowned with the incurved calyx-lobes. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 483 ; Wall. Cat. 3611 ; Wight III. ii. 14,
/t. 98 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen.
ex. ; Kurz in Journ. As.^Soc. Beng. xlvi. pt.
ii. p. 68 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 493.
E. macrophylla, Lam. I. c. Jambosa
Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. (1847) 200; Bot. Mag. 4408; W. 8f
malaccensis, DC.
J. domestica,
A. Prodr. i. 332. J. purpurascens, DC. I. c. excl. syn. Roxb.
;


472

lix.

myrtace^.

(J. F,

Duthie.)

[Eugenia.

DC. I. c. 288 Blume

i. 121, t. 37 {not good) and 38, f. i.
Mas. Bot. i. 91 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 411 Berg in Fl. Brazil xiv.
pt. i. $76
Myrtus macrophylla, Spreng.; Blume Bijdr. 1084. M. malaccensis,
Spreng Blume I. c. 1083.Burm. Fl. Ind. 114 Rheede Hart. Mai. i. 29, t. 18.

Humph. Herb. Amb.

Malaya, Maingay, Griffith. Chittagong (cult. ?) J. D. H. & T. T. Tenasserim.

Distrib. Malayan Islands. Many varieties are cultivated in different parts of
the world.
Leaves 9-12 by 3 in.,
shrub, 6-8 ft. high, with terete-compressed branchlets.
glossy on both surfaces dots inconspicuous nerves indistinct above, the primary ones
few prominent beneath and uniting more or less distinctly within the margin, sometimes in double loopings petiole stout, channelled above, \-^ in. Flowers large
and handsome. Calyx-tube f in. lobes unequal, rounded, with membranous edges,
Stamens numerous,
the larger pair f in. long. Petals large, suborbicular, glandular.
about 1 in. in length. Style long, persistent, nearly equalling the stamens. Fruit
large and juicy, very generally eaten, but insipid (Roxburgh).
In a cultivated specimen from Chittagong the leaves are distinctly pellucid-punctate with large glands.
Vab. purpurea fruit ovoid dark purple. E. purpurea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 Fl.
J.
Ind. ii. 483; Wight 111. ii. 14; Ic. ii. 549.
J. purpurea, Wall. Cat. 3610.
domestica, var. purpurea, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 92
Mia. 1. c. J nigra, Rumph. Amb.

125,

t.

38,

fig.

1?

4. S. polypetala, Wight III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 610 ; leaves ternate linearlanceolate, peduncles lateral 3-4-flowered, corolla many-petalled.
Wall. Cat.
3616 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 69 ; For. Fl. Brit.

Burm.

i.

493.

E.

salicifolia,

Buch. Cat. 37.

E. angustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

490.
Silhet, Wallich Khasia Mts., Griffith Chittagong, Roxburgh.
A small tree. Leaves 4-5 in. by nearly an inch in width, midrib and lateral nerves
prominent beneath, uniting close within the margin. Flowers smaller than those of
E. diospyrifolia.
Calyx-tube broad, and rather more than | in. long when in flower.
Roxburgh says (1. c.) that this flowers in March and April, and the fruit ripens in
June and July; it is readily known by its many (12-16) petals and the ternate
leaves.
Allied to Jambosa cemula, Blume, and J. media, Korth.
;

** Flowers terminal and axillary.

t Calyx-tube broadly turbinate.

Calyx %

in.

or

more in

5. E. diospyrifolia, Wall. Cat. 3617 ; leaves long and narrow ovatelanceolate or oblong acutely acuminate cordate at the base and nearly sessile,
flowers terminal few, calyx-tube about f in. long produced beyond the ovary,
lobes very broad.

Silhet, Wallich; Khasia, Griffith.

Leaves 6-7 by 1| in. pale coloured and with a yellowijsh tinge beneath. Allied to
E. Munronii, but the lateral nerves of the leaf are much less prominent beneath and
do not form by their union such a distinct intramarginal one the flowers are fewer
on shorter peduncles, and the calyx-tube is broader above and not so attenuated
below.

6. E. Munronii, Wight III. ii. 14

Ic. t. 546
leaves shortly petioled
narrowly lanceolate obtusely acuminate somewhat cordate at the base very
coriaceous, nerves prominent beneath ^uniting in a thick waving intramarginal
;

one,

cymes terminal, flowers large reddish or white, calyx-tube attenuated


lix. MYRTACEiE.

Eucjenia.~]

(J. F. Dutbie.)

473

CVc

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix. Jambosa samarangensis, var. heterobelow.
J. alba, var. beteromorpha, Miq. Fl. Ind.
-morpha, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 96.
Bat. i. pt. i. 415.

Khasia Mts., Griffith, J. D. H. & T. T.

Kurg Mts., Munro ; Nilghiris
Gardner.
A middling-sized tree, 12-20 ft. in height. Leaves 6-9 by f-3 in. Calyx-lobes
somewhat membranous. Some of the Khasia specimens appear to be intermediate
between this and E. aquea the leaves are less attenuated at the apex, and not quite
so prominently nerved the flowers are rather larger than in either, and the calyx
not so slender below as in typical examples of this species.
;

7. E. aquea, Burm. Fl. Ind. 114: leaves nearly sessile ovate oblong or
ovate-lanceolate often cordate at the base, cymes terminal and from the upper
axils shortly peduncled 3-7-flowered, fruit turbinate flattened at both ends.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 492 ; Wall. Cat. 3613 Sc 3614 A. & B. ; Wight
III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 550 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix. ; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 69
For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 494. E.
Jambosa aquea, DC, W. fy A. Prodr.
javanica, Lam. Diet. iii. 200, in part.
l. 332 excl. Humph, t. 39
Blume Mus. Bot. 102 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
421 ; Thwaites Enum. 115 ; Berg in Fl. Brazil xiv. pt. i. 378. J. madagascariensis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 103 ?
Cerocarpus aqueus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog.
262 ; Bot. Zeit. (1814) 593. Myrtus javanica, Blume Bijd. 1084.Humph.
Herb. Amb. i. 126, t. 38, f. 2.
;

Chittagong, Ava, Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim (apparently only planted,

Ceylon, ascending to 5000 ft.
A middling-sized tree, 20-30 ft., much-branched, variable in the form of its
foliage, the shape of the calyx-tube, and the colour of the flowers. Bark smooth, ashLeaves coriaceous, black-dotted, l-2 by 1-1 1 in. midrib prominent becoloured.
low, primary nerves 8-10 on each side forming inconspicuous loops near the marKurz).

gin.

Flowers large, white, red, or pale purple.

about

1 in.

Calyx-tube turbinate or cylindrical,

8. E. densiflora, DC. Prodr. iii. 287 under Jambosa-, leaves petioled

oblong or oblong-lanceolate rounded at both ends or shortly acuminate the
apex coarsely nerved and reticulated, cymes compact terminal, flowers 2
together on short pedicels, " calyx and petals tinned with clear rose-colour,
filaments long rose-coloured " (Maingay MSS.), fruit nearly spherical 2-seeded.
Wight Ic. t. 627 ? Jambosa densiflora,
E. corymbosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 497
Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 200 Blume Mus. Bot. i. 93 Miq. Anal. Ind.
i. 17
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 416. Myrtus densiflora, Blume Bijd. 1087.

43

Malacca and Singapore, Maingay, No.

758,

760,

760.

Distrib.

Malayan

Islands.

Upper branches stout, 4-gonous, with reddish bark peeling off in shreds. Leaves
from 4 to upwards of 10^- by- 1^3 in., slightly polished above, often conspicuously
dotted beneath midrib stout primary nerves distinct on both surfaces, prominent
beneath and uniting to form two conspicuous intramarginal nerves petiole f in.
Branches of inflorescence thick and 4-gonous, often articulated and breaking up into
;

Calyx-tube turbinate, f in. lobes 4, large, rounded, with memcubical segments.

branous edges, opposite pairs equal. Style long, persistent. Fruit ^ in. in diam.,
crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes. Allied to E. Jambos, from which it differs
in the shape and nerving of the leaves, smaller flowers and more unequal calyx-lobes.
The leaves of the Sincapore specimens are much smaller and less distinctly punctate
below. Miquel says (Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. c.) " seems to be the same as E. corymbosa,
Eoxb. (Wight Ic. ii. 627)," but the petals in ^Roxburgh's coloured fig. No. 1143 are
bright yellow.
;

474

(J. F.

lix. myrtaceje.

Duthie.)

[Eugenia.

Jambos,

Linn. ; leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate attenuated

9. E.
at the base into a short petiole coriaceous midrib stout nerves prominent below
and uniting within the margin in a distinct and continuous one, racemes short
terminal, flowers large white, calyx-tube turbinate, berry subglobose crowned
with the 4 persistent calyx-lobes. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 494
Wall. Cat. 3615 ; Wight IU. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 435 (vulgaris) ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. ex. ; Brandis For. Fl. 233. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877)
Jambosa vulgaris, DC. ; Blume
pt. ii. p. 69; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 495.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
Mus. Bot. i. 93 ;
8f A. Frodr. i. 332 ; Bot. Mag. 3356
Myrtus Jambos, Kunth
t. i. 425 ; Berg in Fl. Brazil vol. xiv. pt. i. 377.
Blume Bijdr. 1085.Humph.
orth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. (1846) 200

&

Herb. Amb.

i.

123

Rheede Hort. Mai.

i.

27,

f.

17.

Indigenous in the Sikkim Teeai {Brandis)

Burma (cult, only Kurz), Pegu,
McClelland Penang, Wallich. Distbib. Yunan to Australia. (Said to be natura-

lised at

Hong Kong).

A moderate-sized
in length,

lJp-2 in.

and

stout,

1-2

in. diara.

in.

tree

broad

or less.

branchlets compressed or sub-4-gonous.

Leaves variable
nerves reticulate beneath midrib stout petiole short
Calyx-tube produced above the ovary lobes round. Berries
;

Vab. divaricata branchlets stout distinctly 4-gonous, cymes terminal and from
the upper axils dense subsessile, branches stout spreading. Penang (Maingay, 735).
;

This resembles E.

densiflora in its inflorescence.

10. E. macrocarpa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. 497; leaves
shortly petioled lanceolate acuminate narrowed at the base rounded or subcordate coriaceous minutely dotted, midrib and nerves very prominent beneath and
uniting in conspicuous double marginal loopings, interspaces reticulate, cymes
compact terminal and lateral subsessile, flowers sessile, bracteoles persistent at
the nodes, calyx-tube turbinate narrow below, limb suboctofid, lobes unequal,
berry globose. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 68 ; For. FL
Jambosa macrocarpa, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Brit. Burm. i. 492 ; Wight Ic. t. 612.
Bat. i. pt. i. 417. J. coarctata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 99.

Assam and Chittagong, Wallich

Griffith, Maingay (736 Kew

lacca,

Cachab, Keenan Motjlmein, Falconer MaPegu and Mabtaban, ascending to

;

Distrib.)

ft., Falconer, Brandis.

Distbib. Malay Archipelago.
Branchlets 4-gonous.
Leaves rarely subalternate, or in threes, 5-10 by -4 in.
In Maingay's Malacca specimens the angles of the branchlets are winged, and the bark
is of a reddish colour
the petioles are stout, rather less than f in. calyx-tube | in.
style long and persistent.
Eoxburgh describes the fruit as about the size of an
orange, and resembling that of Dillenia indica it is eaten, and ripens in August and
September. In Eoxburgh's figure a section of the fruit shows it to be 5- seeded. The
leaves are drawn too acute. Keenan describes it as being rather a tall tree with short
horizontal branches buds roundish, rosy the bruised leaves smell like cinnamon,
and the stamens are clove-scented. In Griffith's plant the calyx-tube is finely striate,
and there is a slight constriction near the middle.

2000

11. E. javanica, Lamk. Diet. iii. 200; leaves subsessile elliptic-oblong

rounded at the apex or obtusely acuminate rounded or subcordate at the base,
cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves long-peduncled lax many-

flowered, flowers white, berries depressed-turbinate.

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 69 ; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 494. E. alba, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 39 Fl. Ind. ii. 493 ; Wall. Cat. 3614 O. Jambosa alba, Rumph.
Herb. Amb. i. 127, t. 39 ; W. 8? A. Frodr. i. 332 ; Wight III. ii. 14; Ic. t. 548 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 413 in part. J. samarangensis, DC. Frodr. iii. 286
Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 201; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 95; Bijd. 1084
;

lix. myetaceje.

Eugenia.']

(Myrtus)

Berg

(J. F.

in Fl. Brazil vol. xiv. pt.

Duthie.)

377.

i.

475

DC.

Prodr.

Distrib.

Malay

J. macrophylla,

in part.

I.e.

Malacca,

Griffith;

Andaman and Nicobab

Islands, Kurz.

Islands.
tree ; trunk rarely sp*aight and soon divided, branchlets terete or terete-compressed. Leaves 5-6^ by 1|-2| in., or larger in cultivated examples; nerves indistinct above, slender but prominent beneath and uniting in loops within the margin.
Calyx-tube turbinate, about in., slender below lobes 4, rather unequal, membranous
at the edges. Berry size of a medlar, white or red.
This tree, according to Mr. Kurz,
flowers in March and April, and the fruit ripens in May and June.
Vab. Boxburghiana, Wall. MSS. (sp.); leaves shortly petioled cordate at the
base rounded at the apex, cymes compact terminal. E. decora, Wall. Cat. 3608.

Chittagong.
12. E. pendens, Duthie young branches terete, leaves shortly petioled
oblong or ovate-lanceolate narrowed below obtusely acuminate subcoriaceous
pellucid-punctate, principal lateral nerves prominent beneath and widely
separated, cymes terminal and axillary 5-7-flowered, flowers large the lower
ones long pedicelled, calyx-tube turbinate.
;

Malacca, Griffith, 2349, Maingay, 747.

" Kather a small tree with pendent branches " (Griffith).
Leaves shining a little
on the upper surface, 5-8 by 2-3A in. nerves indistinct above prominent beneath,
uniting in a distinct looping one within the margin petiole in. Peduncles equalling
;

the petioles or a little longer lower pedicels about in.

Calyx-tube in. lobes
4, rounded, with membranous edges, opposite pairs equal, refiexed after flowering.
Petals large, orbicular.
Style very long, lin., persistent.
;

Calyx

less

than

in.

in length.

Flowers pedicelled.

a.

13. E. Wallichii, Wight Bl. ii. 17; Ic. t. 536; leaves lanceolate or
elliptic-oblong acuminate acute at the base dark and shining above, lateral nerves
uniting twice within the margin, cymes corymbose axillary and terminal shorter
than the leaves, calyx-tube suddenly contracted at the base lobes prominent per-

expanding before falling, berries oblong. 0. bifaria,

Wight Ic. t.
E. prsecox, Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 488 ?
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 66 For. Fl. Brit.

sistent, petals frequently

Colebr. in Wall. Cat. 3606.

619

Burm.

i.

483.

Sikkim, J. B. H.
Khasia and Bhotan, Griffith Assam, Masters Silhet,
D. H. $T.T.; Chittagong, Boxburgh, J. B. H. $ T. T. Mergui, Griffith.
A tree branchlets stcut, quadrangular. Leaves 4 by If in., coriaceous, rustycoloured beneath petiole about \ in. Flowers white.
Calyx-tube about \ in. long.
Stamens about 4 times the length of the calyx. Style long, persistent. Berry about
in., crowned with the cup-shaped calyx-limb.^ In Roxburgh's figure of E. prmcox
the inflorescence is more branched and the &wers rather smaller the leaves are
;

J.

drawn acutely acuminate.

Vab. lance&folia
folia,

gong, J. B. H.
j3.

E. lanceseleaves rounded at the base?- petiole much shorter

Fl. Ind. ii. 494.
Silhet Forests, Boxburgh. Chitta-

Boxb. Hort. Beng. 37

Floivers

T. T.

sessile.

14. E. g r andis, Wight Bl. ii. 17

leaves large thick hard
Ic. t. 614
and coriaceous shining broadly obovate or suborbicular abruptly acuminate or
;


476

(J. F. Duthie.)

myrtace^.

lix.

[Eugenia.

rounded at the apex narrowed or rounded at the base, nerves prominent "beneath
or on both surfaces, panicles terminal and axillary not exceeding the leaves,
flowers large, calyx-tube turbinate attenuated below, petals free and expanding,
berry globose or somewhat pyriform crowned with the large spreading cup-like
calyx-Umb. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
E. firma, Wall. Cat.
xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 67
For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 489.
3603; not of DC. Jambosa grandis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 108. J. firma, Blume
Syzygiuni
J. urceolata, Korth. in Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 418 in part.
I. c.
grande, Walp. Repert. ii. 180; not of Wall. Cat. 3554. E. cymosa, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 37 Fl. Ind. ii. 492 not of Lam. S. flrmum, Thwaites Enum. 417.
;

S.

montanum, Thwaites

I.

c.

116.

Silhet, Wallwh; Pegu, Mabtaban, and Tenassebim, Brandis; Moulmein and

Sincapore, Walker
Mebgtji, Griffith
Malacca, Griffith, Maingay
Ceylon,
Thwaites, ascending to 4000 ft.
Distbib. Borneo, &c.
large tree.
Leaves 4-8 by 3-3^ in. lateral nerves sometimes forming double
loopings within the margin; petiole f-1 in. Calyx-lobes short, rounded, unequal. Berries 1 in. to \\ in. Blume distinguishes his J. firma specifically by the nerves not
being impressed on the upper surface, and by the more unequal calyx-lobes. The
Ceylon specimens have the leaves very much polished, the lateral nerves more numerous and uniting closer to the margin, the cymes more lax and fewer-flowered.
plant from Amherst named E. ficifolia, MSS. in Herb. Wallich 3603 B, has the
leaves very large and more rounded at the base.
;

15. 32. lepidocarpa, Wall. Cat. 3618 in part ; leaves broadly ovate or
elliptic-oblong abruptly acuminate or rounded at the apex shining above, nerves
prominent on both surfaces, interspaces finely reticulate, panicles terminal few-

flowered, flowers sessile, calyx in. campanulate spreading above, petals free and
spreading.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 68. E. grandis, var.
lepidocarpa, For. Fl. Brit. Burin, i. 490.
Syzygium palembanicum, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 313.

Pegu and Tenassebim, Brandis

Distbib. Sumatra.

Malaya,

Griffith,

Maingay

SnsCAPOBE, Wallich.

Branchlets greyish, more or less compressed at the nodes.

Leaves thick, coriaceous, smaller than those of E. grandis midrib furrowed above, stout beneath petiole
about in. Panicle branches angular, much compressed below the nodes.
Calyx
pedicel-like below
Berries
lobes rather unequal, rounded, with membranous edges.
about in., subglobose, crowned with the cup-like calyx-limb, often prominently
ribbed longitudinally.
Vab. minor leaves and flowers smaller, panicles axillary and terminal,* flowers
crowded in umbel-like heads. The leaves resemble those of E. mangifolia and the
inflorescence has more the habit of E. Wallichii.
Malaya, Griffith (2416).
;

15*. S. Beddomei, Duthie ; leaves crowded broadly ovate abruptly

attenuate below very coriaceous polished above, midrib and stout lateral nerves
prominent beneath freely anastomosing towards the margin and uniting at some
distance from it, inflorescence elongate, branches acutely 4-gonous, petals free.

Tinnevelly Hills

large tree.
| in. or less, stout

alt.

5000

ft.,

Beddome.

Leaves 4^ by 3 in., rounded or emarginate at the apex petiole

midrib channelled above. Flowers like those of E. grandis.
;

tetraedra, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 310 (Jambosa ?) ; branchcompressed acutely 4-gonous or the older ones subterete, leaves broadly
elliptic often folded very coriaceous shining above rusty coloured beneath,
nerves prominent on both surfaces, cymes terminal and axillary with divaricate
16. IS.

lets


Eugenia.']

lix.

mybtace^.

(J. F.

Duthie.)

477

branches, calyx-tube about in. gradually tapering to the base, lobes 4 prominent, petals free or slightly united, berry ovoid or subglobose size of cherry.

Maingay, 732. Distrib. Sumatra.

Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 \ in. lateral nerves uniting close to the margin;
Branches of inflorescence flattened below the flowers. Calyx-lobes with
petiole ^ in.
pale membranous edges. Kurz in a MS. note on a specimen in the Calcutta Herbarium suspects that this is the E. tetraedra of Miquel, but with some hesitation on
account of the terete branchlets. The examination of a more complete series of
specimens in the Kew Herbarium enables me to confirm his suspicion.

Malacca,

Griffith,

A large tree.

17. E. pachyphylla, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 332 (1873);
For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 490; leaves obovate or obovate-oblong more or less
cuneate at the base acuminate thick and coriaceous, flowers usually solitary or
in threes sessile arranged in short stout terminal 3-chotomous panicles, branches
4-gonous articulate, calyx about % in. long obconical attenuate below, lobes
4 rounded persistent.

Tenasserim, Brandis,

alt.

3000

ft.

Malacca

Griffith,

Maingay.

Branchlets white. Leaves 3-4 in., turning dark when dried

nerves slender, prominent, distant petiole thick, |-| in. Flowers in April.
tree.

lateral

18. E. tristis, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlii. 233 (1873) ; For.
Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 490; leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate acute at the base
obtusely apiculate coriaceous, panicles corymbose terminal sessile, branches
short stout, berry size of cherry depressed-globose crowned with the 4-lobed
discoid calyx-limb.

Tenasserim, Brandis.

Branchlets terete, thick, pale brown. Leaves 4-5 in., opaque lateral
tree.
nerves rather distant, stout, prominent. Berry 2- or 1 -seeded.
Calyx-lobes in. (in
fruit) rounded.
;

ft Calyx-tube hemisphei'iccd.
19. E. hemispherica, Wight HI. ii. 14; Ic. t. 525; leaves opposite
rarely subalternate petioled ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate narrowed towards the
base acuminate at the apex or often rounded, cymes axillary and terminal solitary
or in pairs shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube short semiglobose, disk 4-gonal,
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t.
petals large orbicular reflexed glandular, berry spherical.
cciii.

Strongylocalyx hemisphericus,

Blume Mus.

Bot.

i.

90.

Thioaites

Enum.

116.

From S. Canara to Cape Comorin, at about 3000 ft. alt.,KuRG Mts., Anamallay
and Tinnevelly Ghats, Beddome. Ceylon, up to alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites.
A large tree, upper branches subtetragonous. Leaves minutely dotted, 2-6 by
f-2 in. nerves inconspicuous above more prominent beneath, and uniting within the
margin but not very regularly, with sometimes a second but fainter nerve close to the
Inflorescence pyramidal.
Peduncles 6-9-flowered. Flowers
edge; petiole - in.
;

large, white, varying in size.

in the shape of the leaves

for various purposes.

Berries about 1 in. in diam.

This species varies much
their appearance when dried.
The timber is useful

and in

20. E. lanceolaria, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. ii. 494; leaves
shortly petioled narrowly lanceolate, flowers terminal about 15 together corymWight. Ic. t. 613.
bose fascicled, berries irregularly round lobate.
Silhet, " Roxburgh"
small tree 10-12

ft.

in

height.

Flowers very large, rosy, and somewhat

lix. myrtacejj.

478

(J. F.

Duthie.)

Beddome believes
Fruit size of small apple, not eaten.
fragrant.
I hare not seen specimens.
allied to E. hemispherica.
ftt Calyx-tithe slender, conical or

Col.

[Eugenia.
it

to be closely

clavate.

Flowers on long slender pedicels.

21. IS. bifaria. Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 47, t. 161, not of Wall. Cat.
leaves very shortly petioled crowded oblong acuminate rounded at the
;
base shining and convex above, lateral nerves uniting at some distance from the
margin in two conspicuous ones, corymbs axillary solitary branched fewflowered, calyx-tube clavate narrowed into a slender pedicel, lobes 4 roundish

3606

unequal, berry oval about 1 in. long crowned with the incurved calyx-lobes.
Wight HI. ii. 14; Ic. t. 609. E. laurifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92; Fl. Ind. ii.
489 ; Wall. Cat. 3605. Jambosa bifaria, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 422. J.
laurifolia, DC. Prodr. iii. 287.

Silhet Mts., Wallich.

branches terete or alternately compressed, or the ultimate

tree, quite glabrous
ones obscurely 4-gonous, swollen at the nodes, ashy-coloured. Leaves about 5 in.,
twice or three times longer than the internodes nerves prominent beneath nearly
Corymbs rather lax, two or three times shorter
transverse ; petiole terete, in.
than the leaves, shortly peduncled. Flowers large, white, on slender pedicels. Petals
Staorbicular, shortly clawed, twice as large as the calyx-lobes, minutely crenulate.
mens numerous, long, spreading. Berry pendulous, l in. long, yellow. In some
of Wallich's specimens named E. laurifolia the corymbs appear to be terminal.
;

22. E. filiformis, Wall MSS.-, leaves petioled rather small nearly

ovate with a broad obtuse acumen coriaceous pellucidly dotted, cymes laxly
racemose terminal or lateral, flowers solitary on long slender pedicels, calyxtube turbinate or subcylindrical, lobes nearly equal, berries ovoid or roundish
crowned with the 4 reflexed calyx-lobes 2-seeded. Syzygium filiforme, Wall.
Cat. 3580.
S. capillare, Wall. Cat. 3578.

Malaya, Maingay, Griffith.

Upper branches slender, rod-like, Wete, or subcompressed at the nodes. Leaves
2-3 by l-l in. midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves spreading out nearly at
Sincapore and Penang, Wallich

Pedicels ] in.
right angles with the midrib petiole about \ in.
Calyx-tube \ in.
One of Maingay's specimens has a much longer almost
Berries ^ in. long by f in.
Wallich's E. (Syz.) capillaris seems to be only a state of E.
cylindrical calyx-tube.
filiformis with thinner narrower leaves, shorter pedicels, and smaller flowers.

E. K.urzii, Duthie

in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 68

Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 491 ; leaves more or less broadly lanceolate
acute or attenuate at the base obtusely acuminate coriaceous pale beneath,
flowers rather small white peduncled arranged in short axillary racemes or at
the axils of fallen leaves, calyx-tube clavate-turbinate spreading above, lobes 4
rounded persistent, petals free, berry globose size of pea. E. cerasiflora, Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. (1873) 233 ; not of Miguel.
23.

Kurz For.

alt. 1-5000 ft., J. D. H.

Assam, Jenkins; Kha.sia Mts., Kurz; Mishmi,
Cachak, Keenan Pegu and Martaban, Kurz.
A large tree 90-100 ft. Branchlets white, compressed or subtetragonous. Leaves
4-7 in., shining a little on the upper surface lateral nerves slender but prominent
petiole f in.
Cymes about 5-flowered. Calyx-tube - in., the produced portion
in. lobes in., reflexed after flowering. Petals % in. Filaments slender. Style
persistent.
Berry J-| in., 1-2-seeded, smooth, crowned with the spreading calyx-

Sikkim,

Griffith

;;

Eugenia.]

The

lix.

myetace^.

(J. F.

Duthie.)

479

Assam specimens have smaller

flowers and a more slender calyx-tube.

from E. Bengal ? differs from the above in having
nearly sessile leaves and flowers. It is probably distinct, but the specimen is too
incomplete, and the locality somewhat doubtful.

limb.

No. 2356 of

Griffith's collection

S. albiflora, Duthie in
Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 491

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. 68

leaves obovate or nearly ovate shortly and
bluntly acuminate acute at the base, cymes from the upper axils or terminating older shoots few-flowered shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube narrow and
slender below, lobes 4 rounded or subacute, petals united white,
24.

Kurz For.

Bubma,

alt. 1000 ft., Griffith (2419).

Leaves 3-5 by 2-2 in., smooth, pale and
small tree with terete branchlets.
indistinctly nerved above lateral nerves rather distant and prominent beneath faintly
uniting within the margin, interspaces finely reticulate petiole g- in. '* Buds white
Calyx-tube about in. long.
{Griffith MSS.).

Pedicels shorter

and more

erect.

25. E. fusiformis, Duthie) young branches 4-gonous, leaves petioled

obovate-lanceolate cuneate below subcoriaceous pellucid-punctate, lateral nerves
rather close, cymes terminal compact branches angular and somewhat winged,
flowers 2 or 3 together on short pedicels, calyx-tube narrowly fusiform much
produced above the ovary.

Malaya, Maingay No. 743.

Bark yellowish. Leaves 4^ by 3 in., shining a little above, minutely dotted
midrib and nerves dark-coloured lateral nerves uniting within the margin petiole
about f in. Calyx-tube in. in length and in. across at the widest part lobes 4,
;

rounded, reflexed after flowering. Style persistent, exserted portion equalling the
Closely allied to No. 2236 of Beccari's Borneo plants.
calyx-tube.

26. E. laeta, Ham. in Trans. Wem. Soc. v. 338 {excl. syn. Rumph.)
leaves rather thin shortly petioled ovate-lanceolate attenuated at the base with
a longish obtuse acumen pellucid-punctate, primary nerves directed upwards
not distinctly uniting within the margin, peduncles terminal and axillary 1few-flowered often jointed in the middle, calyx-tube long cylindrical tapering
to the base, stamens crimson or purple numerous exceeding the large rounded
Jambosa laeta, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 104.
petals, berry ovoid.
;

Moist "Western Ghat forests from Bombay southwards, Hamilton, Beddome, Gibson,
Ritchie, Stocks.

Leaves 4-5 by 1^-lf in.,

small or middling-sized tree; branchlets terete,
secondary nerves crossing the primary ones more nearly at right angles with the mid2-3
in.
Flowers large,
when expanded, crimson or white. Calyxrib petiole \ in.
lobes rounded, unequal, reflexed when in flower.
Petals white,
tube f-1 in.
Hamilton's type specimen in the British Museum
glandular. Style l^in. persistent.
from Mysore is certainly identical with the Western Ghat specimen named S. pauciflora in the Kew Herbarium.
Vae. pauciflora, Wight 111. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 526 (sp.) pedicels solitary from the
Jambosa pauciflora, Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 94.
E.
extreme axils 1 -flowered.
Wightii, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix.
Courtallum, Wight.
;

E. cylindrica, Wight.

III. ii. 14 ; Ic. t. 527 ; ultimate branches

shortly petioled ovate-lanceolate acuminate coriaceous minutely
pellucid-punctate, primary nerves prominent beneath forming double loops
within the margin, cymes terminal or from the upper axils 3-8-flowered shorter

27.

terete, leaves

480

Lix. MYRTACE2E.

(J. F.

Duthie.)

[Eugenia.

than the leaves, calyx-tube cylindrical tapering to the "base constricted near the
apex, fruit subspherical urceokte. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 202 Anal. Gen. cix. Jambosa cylindrica, Thioaites JEnum. 115.
;

ft., Walker, Thwaites.

Leaves 4-6 by l-lf in. The nervation forms a characteristic feature in this species, the lateral nerves uniting in a double system of intramarginal loopings, the inner one being situated about half-way between the midrib and
the margin petiole \-% in. Flowers large, \ to nearly 1 in. diam., white, turning to
Petals orbicular, dotted. Fruit |-f in.
Calyx-tube f to nearly 1 in. long.
purple.
diam. Blume (Mus. Bot. i. 114) compares this with his Clavimyrtus virens but the
latter is distinguished by a more contracted inflorescence and the calyx shorter and
less attenuated below.
.

Ceylon, ascending to 3000

A moderate-sized tree.
;

28. E. ramosissima, Wall. Cat. 3604; leaves lanceolate or oblonglanceolate attenuated towards the base acuminate subcoriaceons pellucid-punctate, cymes axillary and terminal much branched, branches spreading, calyx-tube
clavate or narrowly obconical, lobes rounded nearly equal, petals densely glanClavimyrtus ramosissima, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 115.
dular.

Sikkim, J. B. H. Silhet, Wallich. Khasia Mts., Griffith.

branchlets terete, with a pale yellow bark. Leaves 3-4 by about 1-1^ in.,
tree
shining above, obscurely dotted, with a long acumen, narrowing at the base into a
midrib prominent
primary nerves few,
short petiole, reticulate-nerved beneath
Calyx-tube in., tapering
slender, uniting in a looping one within the margin.
gradually to the base with nearly straight sides. This species resembles Jamhosa
glabrata DC. but differs in the less slender and more branched peduncles the leaves
are narrower at the base and the nerves are more prominent.

29. 22. Helferi, Duthie ; upper branches 4-gonous, leaves shortly petioled
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate coriaceous pellucid-dotted, nerves
inconspicuous primaries numerous uniting within the margin, interspaces
finely reticulate, cymes terminal and from the upper axils branched shorter than
the leaves, calyx-tube clove-shaped \ in., lobes 4, opposite pairs equal.

Mergtji, Heifer (2118). Sincapore, Lobb.

Bark of upper branches and of inflorescence reddish, deciduous. Leaves 3-4 by
1-li in. petiole about \ in. Allied to J. Teysmanni, Miq. and E. ramosissima from
the latter it differs in having thicker leaves, the primary nerves much closer and less
prominent beneath, but with a more distinctly continuous marginal one, branches of
the inflorescence more erect, and flowers smaller.

mang

30. E.
itolia. Wall. Cat. 3619 leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate
thick coriaceous nervation prominent on both surfaces interspaces finely reticulate, cymes axillary and terminal corymbose, flowers large numerous, calyx-tube
fin. dilated above, petals free. E. reticulata, Wight III. ii. 16 ; Ic. t. 541.

Assam,
J. B.

Griffith,

G.

Mann;

Silhet,

Wallich;

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

3-4000

ft.,

H.$T.T.

Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., shining above lateral nerves uniting

margin sometimes in two continuous ones. Calyx much produced above
This differs from E. inophylla in the more prominent nerves of the leaves
the ovary.
and in the shape of the calyx. Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 435) speaks of it as
being closely related to Jambosa conferta, Korth.
Branchlets terete.

close to the

31. E. inophylla, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind, ii. 496; leaves
shortly petioled ovate-oblong with an acute base obtusely acuminate closely
nerved dark above and shining, cymes terminal corymbose, calyx clove-shaped,

Eugenia.]

lix. myrtace^e.

(J. F. Duthie.)

481

lobes 4-5 short obtuse, petals 4-5 distinct, berries pyriform.

Wight III. ii.
17; Ic. t. 623. Syzygium inophyllum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260; Wall. Cat. 3600,
in part.
Jambosa inophylla, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 433.
Oalvptranthes
obtusifolia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3600 B.

Mergui,

Silhet, Wallich

straight.

Trunk

tree.

upwards of 4f by 2

in.,

transversely

about \

petiole"

Griffith

Singapore and Penang, Wallich.

Young branches

thickly coriaceous

Calyx \

in.

terete-compressed, polished.

Leaves

lateral nerves rather close, spreading

in.

In

Wallich's specimens (3600) the

petals appear to be calyptrate.

Although resembling the clove -tree it possesses
kind of fragrance : the large pear-shaped berries are not eatable (Eoxburgh).

no

Sect, II. Syzygium. Flowers small, in compact cymes. Calyx without

a thickened staminal disk, tube turbinate rarely elongate ; limb 4-5-lobed, or
truncate.
Petals usually calyptrate. Berries small, globose pyriform or oblong,
1-2-seeded (to p. 500).

Cymes terminal and

axillary, rarely from leafless axils (to p. 496).

f Petals usually free (to

p. 488).

Calyx short, turbinate or subcylindrical.

% Berries globose or subglobose.

a.

Lateral nerves of leaves rather distant.

32. E. anisosepala, Duthie leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate lateral

nerves close uniting at some distance from the margin, cymes terminal corymbose, calyx-tube turbinate about in. lobes unequal, petals free or slightly
;

combined.
Griffith, Maingay 753.
branchlets terete, grey, polished.
large tree " (Griff.)
Leaves 3-3|- by
shining above, dark when dry. Inflorescence- branches sharply angled, alter-

Malacca,

"Avery
l-l

in.,

nately compressed upwards. Inner calyx-lobes broad and petaloid, appearing to fall
early with the corolla, the two outer ones narrower and gibbous below.
Style long,
persistent.
In Griffith's plant the inflorescence is more branched and longer than the
leaves, and the flowers are smaller (| in.).

33. E. G-riffithii, Duthie leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate narrowed at

both ends coriaceous smooth and shining above, nerves impressed above prominent beneath, cymes terminal or from the upper axils, flowers 2 or 3 together at
the ends of long compressed branches, calyx-lobes unequal, petals free thick
;

edges membranous.

Malacca,

Griffith 2375.
Branchlets terete.
Leaves 5-6 by 2-2 in., shortly petioled lateral nerves uniting in conspicuous loops at some distance from the margin and with a fainter set near
the margin, interspaces reticulate.
Calyx-tube about \ in.
;

34. X2 . Thumra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 495 leaves broadly
ovate or ovate-lanceolate shortly acuminate base subacute dark and shining
above reddish beneath, lateral nerves horizontal prominent on both surfaces
uniting conspicuously within the margin, cymes terminal and axillary longpeduncled, flowers sessile umbellate, calyx-lobes 4 rounded, petals free, berry
spherical or subpyriform.
Wight Ic. t. 617 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
vol. xlvi. (1877) pt. ii. p. 67; For. Fl. i. 488.
Syz. speciosum, Wall. Cat.
3568.
II
VOL. II.
;

482

lix. MYRTACEiE.

[Eugenia.

(J. F. Dutliie.)

Marshy parts of Pegu forests, Kurz. Kangoon, Maingay. Amherst and Mouxmein, Wallich Tenasserim, Heifer.
Leaves 5-8 by 2^-3^ in., coriaceous, reticulate
Branchlets terete, compressed.
Branches of inflorescence lax, quadrangular, many-flowered,
"beneath petiole ^ in.
A specimen in the Kew Herbarium underpins name (I can find no typebracteate.
specimens) is certainly Wallich's 8. speciosicm. Koxburgh's incomplete description
and unfinished drawing (No. 2510) as far as they go agree fairly well with this latter.
The flowers are sometimes 5-merous.
Var. ferruginea, Wight Ic. t. 554 (sp.); petals 8. E. octopetala, Ham. Mergui,
;

Griffith.

leaves shortly
35. E. rubens, JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 92 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 496
petioled opposite or subalternate ovate-lanceolate shortly acuminate thinly cartilaginous glossy above finely nerved, panicles terminal and axillary corymbose
branches acutely angular ultimate divisions urnbelliform, petals free, berry size
Wight. III. ii. 17 ; Ic. t. 630 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
of small cherry.
Jambosa Wightiana, Blume Mus.
vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67 ; For. Fl. i. 488.
;

Bot.

106.

i.

Chittagong

forests,

Tenasserim from Moulmein to Mergui,

Boxburgh.

Griffith,

Kurz.

Large tree branchlets terete or subcompressed, white. Leaves 4^-6^ in., turning
black or reddish when dried lateral nerves slender, uniting distinctly within the margin petiole about \ in. ? Panicles on longish peduncles, but falling short of the
Closely allied to the preceding. The leaves are of a thinner texture, the
leaves.
stamens longer, and the sepals and petals larger (Kurz).
;

Lateral nerves of leaves

b.

E. cymosa, Lam.

36.
finely

close.

and

closely nerved,

Diet. iii. 199 not of Roxb. leaves ovate acuminate

cymes axillary and terminal snorter than the leaves,
;

flowers small, calyx-tube campanulate lobes 4, petals free, berry globose size of
Wight III. ii. 17 Ic. t. 555 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol.
large pea.
Syz. caudatum, Wall. Cat. 3591.
xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67; For. Fl. i. 486.
S.
S. concinnum, Wall. Cat. 3582.
vimineum, Wall. Cat. 3593?.
S. nelitricarpum, T. 8f B. in. Nat. Tydsch. Ned. Ind. xxv.
S. cymosum, DC. Prodr. iii.
E. nigrescens, Poir. Suppl. iii.
259 ; Korih. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 202 ?.
E. rhodomelea, Commers. in DC. Prodr. I. c. Jambosa tenuicuspis,
123 ?.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 431. Myrtus cymosa, Spreng. Blume Bijd. 1086.
;

Cachar, Keenan; Silhet and Tavoy, Wallich; Burma, Griffith; Moulmein,

Heifer Malacca, Maingay, Griffith Sincapore and Pulo Dinding, Wallich, Kurz.

Distrib. Java.

large shrub or tree.

Leaves 2-3 in., rounded at the base, smooth and
polished above, often glaucous, with a longish slender but obtuse acumen ; lateral
nerves not very distinct, uniting close within the margin ; petiole ^-\ in. Peduncles
" Berries slightly depressed at the apex, purpleequalling the petioles or shorter.

black when ripe" (Maingay MS.). Wallich's E. concinna, which I refer here doubtfully, has the leaves rather longer and more oblong
the petals appear to be free
though not expanding the specimens however are too incomplete for a proper determination.
Var. rostrata; leaves with a long slender acumen more prominently nerved,
lateral nerves spreading out towards the margin, petiole longer, calyx nearly truncate.
The leaves which remain green after drying resemble those of E. verecunda.
E. rostrata, Bedd. MS. Anamallays. Perhaps a distinct species.
;

37. E. toddalioides, Wight III. ii. 16 Ic. t. 542

leaves lanceolate
acuminate attenuate towards the base coriaceous pellucid-punctate, cymes lateral
;

lix. myrtacej;.

Eugenia.']

(J. F.

Duthie.)

483

each branch 1-3-flowered, calyx-limb dilated tube contracted

not thicker than the pedicel, lobes 4 unequal shallow, petals free but not
expanding.
di- tri-chotomous

Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., Gamble ? Mergvi, Griffith in Hb. Wight.

small tree. Branchlets subterete. Leaves 2-3 by 1-lf in. lateral nerves many
Habit of E. Gardneri and
uniting close within the margin. Flowers about \ in.
E. lissophylla but the petioles are shorter than those of the former and the inflorescence

is

from both.

different

my

38. IS.
rtifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 490 leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate very shortly petioled, nerves not conspicuous close interspaces finely reticulate and punctate, cymes axillary lax on longish peduncles,
;

branches acutely angular, flowers about 3 together small, calyx-tube broadly

Wight
obconical or campanulate, lobes 4 conspicuous subacute, berry globular.
Ic. t. 618 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67 ;
III. ii. 15
Syzygium myrtifolium, DC. Prodr. iii. 261; Wall. Cat.
For. Fl. i. 486.
3571 Miquel Anal. Ind. ii. 20 Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 456. 0. oleina, Wight
;

III.

15.

ii.

E. Bengal, Griffith Pegu, McClelland ; Sincapore, Wallich. Distbib. Sumatra,

Borneo.
A shrub or small tree with 4-gonous branchlets. Leaves lf-3 by |-1 in., shining
Cymes many-flowered, shorter than the leaves.
above, often rusty-red beneath.
Style persistent, exserted portion twice the length of
Petals free or slightly united.
the calyx-tube. Affords a dark strong wood.
;

39. IS.

micrantha,

elliptic obtusely

Thivaites Enum. 117 {Syzygium)

leaves ovate or
acuminate narrow at the base obscurely dotted, cymes about
;

equal to the leaves, flowers small, calyx acutely 4-lobed, petals free, berries red
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.

round size of pea.

alt. 3-5000 ft., Thwaites, Gardner.

moderate-sized tree. Leaves 2-4 by f-2 in. petiole to nearly \ in. In
Wight's herbarium there are specimens of this named E. rubicunda, which it resem-

Ceylon, central province,

many

bles in

40.

respects.

S. acuminatissima, Kurz

in.

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi.

pt.

ovate-lanceolate acutely acuminate pale

shining indistinctly nerved above, cymes terminal and axillary lax exceeding
the leaves, flowers small, calyx broad above lobes 5, stamens short. Myrtus
Jambosa acuminatissima, Hassk. in Flm-a
acuminatissima, Bl. Bijd. 1088.
(1849) 592 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 438. Syz. altissimum, Wall. Cat. 3588.
ii.

p.

67

For. Fl.

i.

487

leaves

Mergo,

Heifer Malacca, Maingay Penang, Porter. Distrib. Java.

Branchlets terete or subtetragonous. Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 in. lateral nerves slender
beneath petiole \ in.
Inflorescence-hv&nches long, angular.
Calyx saucer-shaped
Petals only slightly united.
In Heifer's plant the lateral
above after flowering.
nerves unite at some distance from the margin with a second fainter one close to the
edge, the inflorescence is more lax and divaricate.
;

XX Berries

oblong.

41. E. Arnottiana, Wight 111. ii. 17; Ic. t. 999; leaves elliptic-oblong
acuminate coriaceous closely nerved, cymes dense from the upper axils branches
stout, flowers subsessile in umbels of 8-12, bracteoles long caducous, petals dis-

ii 2

484
tinct, berries oblong.

Wall. Cat. 3601

Common on

(J. F. Duthie.)

myrtaces.

lix.

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. fAnal. Gen.

W. $ A.

Prodr.

i.

cvii.

[Eugenia.

Syzygium densiflorum,

329.

Pulney Hills, alt. 6-7000 ft., Wight, &c. AnaBeddome.

A large spreading tree, trunk low; branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1^ in.,
petiole
obscurely dotted, the numerous nerves uniting close within the margin
^-nearly 1 in. Flowers cream-coloured, crimson in bud. Fruit dark purple. Tim"
Nawal ") the fruit is eaten but astringent (Beddome).
ber valuable (called
Var. Benthamiana, Wight MSS. (sp.) leaves almost sessile cordate-amplexicaul
upper generally solitary, flowers smaller, petals apparently united. Nilghiri Mts.,
Gardner. Perhaps distinct.
A specimen in the Kew Herbarium from the Pulney Hills (No. 254 of Beddome's
collection) I find a difficulty in placing satisfactorily.
To the above species it bears
a great resemblance but for the elongate calyx-tube.
mallay Mts.,

the Nilghiri and

alt.

4000

ft.,

Calyx elongate.

'

axillary, racemose, calyx

X Floiuers

E. Maing'ayi, Duthie

^-1

in. long.

leaves shortly petioled long oblong-lanceolate acuminate rounded at the base, racemes short axillary or from the leafless
axils of the rugged lower branchlets, calyx-tube elongate clavate about in.
glandular, lobes 4 rounded deciduous.
42.

Malaya, Maingay 750.

01der# branchlets with rugged corky bark, upper stout, terete, reddish. Leaves
in., indistinctly nerved above, midrib stout beneath
petiole in.
Style short, acute.
This plant differs from the other members of the section in the
rounded base of the leaves it seems to approach nearest to E. claviflora, and has a
general resemblance to E. borneensis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 434 (Jambosa), but

4^-7^ by lf-2J

the petioles of the latter are

much

longer.

43. E. claviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 488 ; leaves lanceolate narrowed at the base obtusely acuminate, corymbs lateral subsessile umbelliform, calyx-lobes rounded, flowers clavate, berries long ovate crowned with
the cyathiform base of the calyx-limb:
Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 606 ; Kurz in
Journ, As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 65
Syzygium
For. Fl. i 480.
claviflorum, Wall. Cat. 3575.
S. excavatum,
S. longiflorum Wall. Cat. 3572.
;

Wall. Cat. 3574.

Sekklm and Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft., J. D. H. 4" T. T.\ Silhet and Chittagong, Wallich; Pegu, J&ms- Nicobae and Andaman Islands, Kurz; Tenasserim,
Heifer; Singapore and Penang, Wallich.
A tree. Leaves 3-6 by about l in., rather closely nerved. Berry about an
In Chittagong this grows to be a stout useful timber-tree of very coninch long.
siderable size it flowers in March, fruits in May fruit eaten (Eoxburgh).
Wallich's
named
specimens
S. excavatum have very thick coriaceous leaves somewhat revolute
at the margin
the berries are | in. long including in. of projecting calyx-limb.
;

E. leptantha, Wight

leaves from ovate15 Ic. t. 528

acuminate narrowed into a very short petiole, cymes raceme-like arranged on the leafless axils or at the nodes of denuded
branches, calyx-tube long narrow clavate, limb with broad shallow teeth or
nearly truncate, berry clavate-oblong. Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 283 (Syz.) Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 65
For. Fl. i. 480. Syz. suavissimum, Wall Cat. 3573. Syzyg. Griff. Notul. 654.
44.

III. ii.

elliptic to oblong-lanceolate obtusely

Sikkim, fcot of hills, J. D. H. $ T. T. Pegu, Kurz; Eangoon, Cleghom; Mollmein, Fakoner; Mergut, Griffith; Amherst, Wallich; Sincapore and Penang,
;


lix. myrtacej}.

Eugenia.]
Wallich;

Andaman

(J. F. Duthie.)

Islands, Heifer, Kurz.

Distrib.

485

Malay Archipelago

to

Aus-

tralia.

A moderate-sized tree. Leaves 4-5 by \\ in., p ile, finely nerved. Calyx-tube

about in., finely attenuated towards the tase; limb dilated and much produced
beyond the ovary. Berry about ^ in.
45. S. Wig-htiana, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 529 ; leaves elliptic-oblong
tapering at each end, peduncles axillary or in racemes on the leafless branches
or shoots, calyx elongate clavate repandly 4-5-lobed, petals 12 or fewer by
E. lanceolata, Lam. Diet. iii.
abortion the outer ones occasionally expanding.
200 ; Wight III. ii. 15; Ic. t. 530 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 284 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. ex. ; W. 8f A. I. c. (Syz.) ; Thwaites Enum. 119 (Acmena). Syzygium
Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 3577; W. $ A. Prodr. i. 330. Myrtus Soneratii,
Spreng. Syst. ii. 485.

Concan, Stocks Nilghiri and Dindygul Mts., Quilon, Wight. Ceylon, ascending to 2000 ft., Walker, Thwaites.
A very showy tree when in full blossom (Beddome). Leaves 3-5 by in., pellucidThis varies much in the length of the calyx-tube, and
dotted. Flowers nearly sessile.
the number of flowers. Its numerous petals give it a relation similar to E. polyipetala
in the Jambosa section.
;

XX Floivers

in terminal

and axillary corymbs.

Calyx shorter.

pellucida, Duthie;

leaves narrowly oblong or oblanceolate

rounded or subacute at the apex finely and closely nerved nerves and dots pellucid, cymes terminal and axillary, flowers crowded at the ends of the longish
ascending branches, calyx-tube in. slender below, lobes 4 prominent opposite
pairs equal.
E. contracta, Wall. Cat. 3602 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol.
xlvi. pt. ii. p. 65 ; For. Fl. i. 481, not of Poir.
46.

23.

Martaban

to Tenasserim, Heifer (2406, 2407), Kurz.

branchlets terete. Leaves 2-6 by about 1 in., chocolate-coloured above
when dry, paler beneath nerves rather prominently reticulated petiole \ in.
Cymes sometimes exceeding the leaves. Petals orbicular, free or slightly combined.
Var. contracta leaves narrower, lateral nerves directed upwards, cymes mostly
Syz. contractum, Wall. Cat. 3602 not of
axillary and falling short of the leaves.
Attran river, Wallich. Mr. Kurz is of opinion
Poir. in DC. Prodr. iii. 259 (Eug.).
that the Martaban specimens with dry blackish and less distinctly-nerved leaves
may prove to be distinct, or may be a large and long-leaved variety of E. cuneata,

shrub

Wall.
47. IS. zeylanica, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. i. 73 ; leaves ovate- or linearlanceolate acuminate polished above hard and coriaceous indistinctly nerved
densely glandular, cymes axillary and terminal usually compact many-flowered,
flowers white conspicuous, calyx-tube elongate-turbinate usually glandular and
pruinose, lobes 4-5 conspicuous, petals free or united in a calyptra, berry subglobose white. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 65 ; For. Fl.
E. spicata, Lam. Diet. iii. 201 ; DC. I. c. (Syz.). Bedd. Fl. Sylv. i.
i. 481.
E. glandulifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 496. Syz. zeylat. 202.
nicum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260 ; Wall. Cat. 3564, in part ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Acmena
Fl. 94.
S. politum, Wall. Cat. 3626.
S. Belluta, DC. I. c. 261.
zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 118.
A. parviflora, DC. I. c. 262. Jambosa bracteata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 437.
S. corticatum, Wall. Cat. 3565. Myrtus
zeylanica, Linn. Sp. PI. 675.
Rheede Hort. Mai. v. t. 20.

Western Peninsula, from Concan southwards Silhet Malay Peninsula to

Penang Andaman Islands, Kurz Ceylon, up to 4000 ft., Thwaites.
;

Sincapore

Distrib.

Sumatra, Borneo.

486

(J. F. Duthie.)

lix. mtrtacej:.

[Eugenia.

large shrub or moderate-sized tree young branches often acutely quadrangular

or winged. Leaves 1-5 in., varying in width from -2 in., rounded or tapering at
petiole -g in.
Flowers in clusters
the base, giving off an aroma when bruised
of 3-5, shortly pedicelled. Calyx and pedicels usually rough with glands. Petals soon
falling off.
Berry about the size of a pea. According to Thwaites the narrowleaved form is the most abundant in Ceylon.
Var. laxiflora, Bedd. 1. c. flowers in lax racemes, panicles exceeding the leaves.
In a specimen collected by Col. Beddome on the Tinnevelly Hills some of the
flowers have the pedicel-like calyx-tube unusually long.
"

leaves ovate-lanceolate nar48. IS. grata, Wall. Cat. 3586 (Syzygimn)

rowly acuminate rounded or subcuneate at the base distinctly punctate above
glaucous beneath, flowers in dense clusters terminal and axillary, calyx narrowly
campanulate smooth, berries black oval or subglobose crowned with the persisWight III. ii. 15 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Being, vol. xlvi. pt.
tent calyx-lobes.
ii. p. 65
For. Fl. i. 480. E. scabrida, Wall Cat. 3564 D. Myrtus quadran;

gularis,

Ham.

Assam, Jenkins, Griffith;

TVallich; Mergtji, Griffith.

Khasia Mts.,

Pegu, Kurz;

Griffith;

Mottlmein,

small tree. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., sometimes almost acutely acuminate.
Calyx-tube tapering below, pruinose, usually quite smooth or longitudinally ribbed
when dried. Berry about in. long. The flowers are rather larger than those of

E. zeylanica, to

which

it is closely allied.

49. XS. linearis, Wall. Cat. 3596 {Syzygimn)

leaves linear-lanceolate
acuminate subfalcate indistinctly nerved above, flowers crowded at the ends
of the branchlets, calyx campanulate pruinose limb 4-partite, petals free, berry
size of a pea crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes.
;

India ? Herb. Wallich (without locality).

Leaves 2-3 by ^--^ in., conspicuously dotted above lateral nerves distant, uniting
within the margin petiole about \ in. Flowers larger than those of E. zeylanica
pedicels equal in length to the calyx-tube.
Style nearly twice as long as calyx-tube.
A specimen of this in Bottler's Herbarium is named Myrtus ruscifolia, Willd., and
;

is said to

come from India.

50. E. penang-iana, Duthie

leaves thick elliptic-obovate obtusely
acuminate attenuate at the base nerves close indistinct on both surfaces,
cymes short crowded towards the ends of year-old branches, calyx-tube narrowly clavate or subcylindrical nearly ^ in. much produced lobes 4 small, petals
;

free

?.

Penang, Government

Hill,

Maingay, 744.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 2^-2| by about 1 in., brownish-yellow when dried.

Allied to E. chlorantha, and No. 1567 of Beccari's Borneo plants.
A specimen at Kew. collected by Heifer (no locality given), comes near to this.
The calyx- tube is rather longer and more spreading above after flowering; the leaves
are of thinner texture, and more conspicuously nerved.

skiophila, Duthie

; leaves elliptic-lanceolate with a slender obtuse

at the base subcoriaceous pellucid-punctate, calyx-lobes 4
incurved, petals small free spreading distant, berry red size of a pea.

51. ZS.

acumen narrowed

Hill, Maingay, in deep shaded ravines.

small tree, 15 ft. Branchlets terete. Leaves shortly petioled, 4|-6 by l|-2 in.
midrib rounded beneath lateral nerves close, inconspicuous above, spreading at
Calyx-tube in. Stamens short.
right angles and uniting close within the margin.

Penang, Government


lix. MTRTACEiE.

(J. F.

Duthie.)

487

52. E. chlorantha, Duthie

leaves ovate acuminate thick opaque shining nerves numerous close, cymes in short racemes from the upper axils or terminating previous year's shoots, calyx-tube \ in. cylindrical below, petals free
greenish, berry globose about ^ in. crowned with 4 rounded unequal calyxlobes.
Syz. rigidum, Wall. Cat. 3581 \ not of DC. (Dug.).
;

Singapore, Wallich. Distrib. Malay Islands.

Griffith, Maingay, 733
very elegant tree when in flower" (Maingay MS.). Branchlets terete. Leaves
2-5 by 1^-3 in. midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; primary nerves
slender prominent on both surfaces, uniting in loops within the margin, interspaces
finely reticulate.
Calyx-tube furrowed below. Petals \ in., reflexed. Filaments
bright red.

Malacca,
"

E. lineata, Blume

Bijd. 1087 (Myrtus) ; Mus. Bot. i. 116 (Clavileaves lanceolate-oblong or nearly elliptic obtusely acuminate narrow
at the base, cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube
clavate lobes 4, petals free, berry size of large pea crowned with the constricted
E. corymbosa, Wall. Cat. 3566 F. Jambosa lineata, DC. Prod?:
calyx-limb.
iii. 287 ; Miq. Fl. Did. Bat. i. pt. i. 428.
53.

myrtus)

Malacca, Maingay (720), Griffith (2390 in part) Penang, Jack. Distrib. Java,
Borneo, Sumatra.
shrub or small tree. Branchlets terete. Leaves 2-3^ by 1-2 in., coriaceous,
shining above, finely nerved.
Extreme branches of inflorescence 3-fl. Calyx-tube
about \ in. lobes about equal, persistent. Petals shortly clawed, suborbicular, twice
the calyx-lobes.
;

E. rubricaulis, Miq. Fl. Did. Bat. i. pt. i. 432 (Jambosa) leaves

from an acute base long and obtusely acuminate shining above, smaller
nerves and dots pellucid, cymes axillary and terminal, calyx-tube in. obovate54.

elliptic

cylindrical, lobes 4, petals free.

Tenasserim, Heifer Malacca, Griffith. Distrib. Java.

Branchlets subterete, reddish. Leaves 2-3 by - in., stiffly cartilaginous midrib
prominent beneath, tinged with red lateral nerves close, distinct beneath, interFlowers nearly sessile.
petiole
spaces subreticulate
-^ in., channelled above.
Anthers cordate-apiculate.
Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, scarious at the edges.
;

55. E. pyrifolia, Wall. Cat. 3584 (Syzygium) not of Desv. \ leaves ovate
or oblong-lanceolate with a long obtuse acumen coriaceous dark and shining

above, corymbs terminal trichotomous long-peduncled, calyx-tube about \ in.

gradually tapering to the base lobes 4 shallow, petals united, berry oblong.
Syzygium pyrifolium, DC. Prodr. iii. 261 (Syzyg.) Forth, in Ned. Kruidk. i.
204 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i, 457. Calyptranthes pyrifolia, Blume Bijd.
1090.
;

Sincapore, Wallich. Distrib. Java.

A tree. Leaves lf-3 by f-2 in. acumen sometimes in. long lateral nerves
Syz. punctulatum,
petiole about \ in. Flowers sessile, in threes.
close, conspicuous
Wall, Cat. 3583, with less acuminate dull-coloured leaves, nerves less distinct, and more
elongate fruit, may perhaps belong here there are no flowers with the specimens.
;

E. tumid a, Duthie

leaves oblong-ovate or obovate shortly acuminate

cymes terminal and axillary equalling or
in. narrow swollen below the middle.
exceeding the leaves, calyx-tube
56.

narrowed at the base

closely nerved,

Malacca, Maingay, 755.

Branchlets

terete.

Leaves 2^-3^-

in.,

chocolate-coloured

above,

rusty-yellow

488

lix.

myrtace^.

[Eugenia.

(J. F. Duthie.)

lateral nerves slender, uniting close within the margin petiole

Calyx with 4 nearly equal
Panicles lax, spreading; branches acutely angular.
shallow lobes. The petals are probably free, though not expanding. The swollen
part of the calyx -tube is occupied by the ovary.

beneath when dried

\ in.

tt Petals usually united and falling

young

in

one piece (to p. 496).

Cymes terminating

Leaves broad, oblong or lanceolate (to p. 404).

||

the

shoots (to p. 405).

Branchlets 4-gonous.

montana,

Wight Ic. t. 1060 ; young shoots acutely 4-angled,

57. E.
leaves petioled coriaceous lanceolate with a short obtuse acumen to obovate
or orbicular obtuse, cymes terminal very numerous corymbose many-flowered
branches often leafy, flowers small sessile or subsessile, fruit globose size of a
currant.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii.
Nilghiri Mts., Wight, Gardner, Schmidt.
branchlets winged at the angles. Leaves occasionally alternate
or subalternate, 5-6 by 2\ in., smooth and shining above; primary nerves prominent
beneath, becoming less distinct towards their union within the margin midrib stout,
Peduncles angled, often very flat and
channelled above
petiole ^-nearly J in.
broad.
Flowers in threes at the apex of each extreme division.
Calyx obtusely 4lobed.
Petals calyptrate.
Fruit purple, crowned with the calyx. The wood is used
for building purposes, &c.

A very large tree

58. H. bracteolata, Wight III. ii. 15

Ic. t. 531
young branches
4-gonous angles subacute, leaves short-petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate
acute or slightly acuminate at both ends pellucid-dotted, cymes terminal and
from the upper axils shorter or not much longer than the leaves, the extreme
divisions terminating in a cluster of 6-9 sessile flowers, each division and each
flower with 2 small acute bracteoles, calyx-tube conical 4-gonous, limb repandly
4-lobed.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 66 For. Fl. i. 482.
;

Tenasserim, Griffith, Heifer Mergtji^ Griffith Malacca, Maingay.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves 4^-7 by 1^-2^ in. midrib rather prominent beneath, primary nerves slender and uniting close within the margin, coriaceous, more
or less polished above, dots not conspicuous petiole about in. Branches of inflorescence with acute angles.
Flowers conspicuous, white according to Maingay.
;

59. E. lissophylla, Thivaites Enum. 117 (Syzygium) ; leaves ovatelanceolate acuminate quite smooth faintly nerved beneath pellucid-punctate, cymes
very often longer than the leaves, calyx- teeth short rounded, berry round size of
a pea. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.

Concan, Stocks; Nilghiri Mts., Herb. G. Thomson; Ceylon; forests in the

Central Provinces, alt. 3-5000 ft., Thwaites.
A moderate-sized tree. Branchlets quadrangular. Leaves 1^-3 by ^ to about
petiole - in.
This plant much resembles E. Gardneri, but can be distin1 in.
guished by its 4 -sided branchlets, narrower leaves and shorter petioles.
;

60. IS. venusta, Ro.xb. Hort. Beng. 37 Fl. Ind. ii. 491
arboreous with
numerous drooping branchlets, leaves shortly petioled oblong or broadly lanceo;

late obtusely acuminate, panicles axillary rarely terminal shorter

than the leaves

brachiate ultimate divisions 3-flowered, flowers myrtle-like, calyx 4-toothed,
petals 4 orbicular reddish.
Wight Ic. t. 625 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67
For. Fl. i. 487.
;

(J. F.

lix. myrtacej:.

Eugenia.]

Tipperah Hills, Roxburgh

Pegu, Kurz.
Ovary 2-celled.

Duthie.)

489

Wight's figure is copied from Roxburgh's (Ic. 1. 1560) with the addition of a terminal panicle. Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
Korth,
but the leaves of the latter are
pt. i. 456) compares it with Syz. Kalahiense,
smaller and of a different shape. In Kurz' specimens the branchlets have white
bark.

Bark dark brown, smooth.

Emm.

61. E. G-ardneri, Thwaites

117 (Syzygium); leaves pale green
ovate-lanceolate rostrate-acuminate faintly parallel-nerved beneath pellucidpunctate, cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves, calyx obscurely
4-toothed, berry spherical size of a small cherry.

Anamallay and Tinnevelly Ghats, up

4000

to

ft.

alt.,

Beddome

Ceylon,

Central Provinces, alt. 2-4000 ft. alt., Thwaites.

moderate- sized tree; branchlets terete or subtetragonous. Leaves 2^-4 by 1-H
Flowers small. Petals cohering and falling toin.
petiole slender, about \ in.
gether.
Very close to E. venusta, Roxb., with which Mr. Kurz unites it the
marginal nerves are further from the edge, and the panicles are mostly terminal and
more compact.

62. ZS. subavenis, Duthie leaves ovate shortly and obtusely acuminate or
retuse narrowed towards the base quite smooth on both surfaces nearly nerveless,
cymes longer than the leaves. E. umbrosa, Thivaites Enum. 118 (Syz.), not of
Berg-, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.
;

Ceylon

open grassy places in the Central Provinces, alt. 5-6000 ft., Thwaites.
very much branched ultimate branches 4-angled. Leaves
1-2 in. by ^-nearly an inch in width petiole about ^ in. This differs from E. lissophylla in the shape and nervation of the leaves the inflorescence is similar in both
;

A moderate-sized tree,

(Thwaites).

63. XS. valdevenosa, Duthie leaves large elliptic acuminate petioled,

midrib very prominent beneath, lateral nerves uniting to form a conspicuous marginal one interspaces finely and sharply reticulate, cymes terminal lax, calyxtube gradually tapering to the base quadrangular lobes shallow, berry globose
E.
size of a small cherry crowned with the slightly projecting calyx-limb.
not of Lam. nor Smith.
elliptica, Wall. 3587 (Syz.)
;

Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay (723 & 762).

A tree, about 15 ft. high (Maingay); branchlets tetragonous. Leaves 8-13 by
3-4f in. primary nerves |-^ in. apart marginal nerves double petiole in. or
more. Branches of inflorescence angled and winged. Calyx-tube about \ in. Petals
;

falling together.

Style persistent.

64. E. scoparia, Wall. Cat. 3594 (Syzygium)

branchlets virgate
4-gonous leaves shortly petioled ascending elliptic-lanceolate acuminate minutely
and densely glandular lateral nerves inconspicuous, cymes ascending lax fewflowered, flowers small, calyx squarrose very shortly 4-lobed, corolla calyptrate,
stamens short, fruit small spherical.
;

Sincapore, Wallich.
Leaves 2^-2f by f-1 in., reddish-brown above and yellowish beneath when dried,
margins slightly revolute petiole % in. Berry crowned with the remains of the calyxStyle short, persistent in the pit formed by the produced
limb, wrinkled in drying.
calyx-limb.
Resembles Syzygium avene, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 312, and perhaps not specifically distinct.
;

1|

Branchlets

terete.

IF

Calyx-limb almost truncate.

a.

Calyx-tube shortly turbinate.

490

lix. myrtacej:.

(J.

F. Duthie.)

[Eugenia.

65. E. crenulata, Duthie leaves broadly ovate-oblong or suborbicular

very thick and coriaceous shortly obtusely acuminate crenulate, nerves close
prominent on both surfaces, cjmies terminal corymbose main branches long,
calyx-limb truncate, petals united in a thick calyptra.
;

Malacca, Maingay, 739.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 4^-6 by 3-4 in., dull, black-dotted midrib stout ; lateCymes exceeding
ral nerves uniting close within the margin, interspaces reticulated.
half the length of the leaves. Bracts small at the base of the flowers and at the joints
of the inflorescence-branches. Calyx-tube about \ in., turbinate, much produced above
the ovary. The foliage very much resembles that of E. grandis.
;

66. E. venulosa, Wall. Cat. 3585 (Syzygium) ; leaves ovate or broadly

obovate obtuse or shortly acuminate attenuated below into a short petiole
very coriaceous polished above, nerves slender but prominent on both surfaces,
flowers in terminal corymbs, branches lax spreading exceeding the leaves, calyxtube obconical -| in. limb nearly entire, corolla calyptrate, fruit subspherical
crowned with the circular rim of the calyx-limb.

Malacca, Wallich, Maingay 741, &c. Sincapore, Wallich, Walker.

Bark grey; branchlets terete. Leaves 1^-3 by 1-2 in.; primary nerves uniting
;

petiole about
close within the margin, interspaces reticulate, dots inconspicuous
in. Main branches of inflorescence 1-2 in. Berry about \ in. in diam., longitudinally furrowed.
In Maingay's plant, which I would refer here, the corolla is
rather more exserted in bud.
;

67. E. caryophyllaea, Wight III. ii. 15; Ic. t. 540; leaves shortly
petioled obovate spathulate rarely ovate-lanceolate obtuse or with a short blunt
acumen attenuated to the base, cymes terminal corymbose laxly trichotomous, flowers small about
Bedel. Fl. Sylv.
i n -> fruit globose size of a pea.
Anal. Gen. cviii. Eugenia corymbosa, Lam. Diet. iii. 199 ; DC. Prod?', iii. 284.

Syzygium caryophyllseum, Gae?'tn. F?'uct. i. 166, t. 33 DC. Prodr. iii. 260

Wall. Cat. 3563
W. # A. Prodr. i. 329 Miq. Anal. Ind. i. 25 Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 454
Thwaites Enum. 117. Oalyptranthes caryophyllata, Pers. Ench. 4.
Myrtus caryophyllata, Linn. Rheede Hqrt. Mai. v. t. 27.
;

Law

Travancore, Wight Concan, Stocks Nilghiri Mts., Kurz y

Distrib. Borneo.
to 3000 ft. alt., Walker, Thwaites.
A large shrub, or middling-sized tree branchlets terete. Leaves 3-4 by about
in.,
subcoriaceous, dark above (when dried), rusty-red beneath, inconspicuously
1^
dotted.
Calyx shortly turbinate, lobes 4 shallow. A distinct species though varying
S.

Canara,

G. Thomson

Ceylon up

considerably in the foliage.

The

fruit is eaten.

E. frondosa,

Wall. MS. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate with a long obtuse

at the base polished above lateral nerves slender prominent
on both surfaces, cymes axillary and terminal shorter than the leaves, calyxtube about in. narrow below suddenly enlarging above lobes very shallow,
68.

acumen cuneate

petals united.

Syz. venosum,

DC. Prodr.

iii.

260

Me?n. Myrt.

1.

17

Wall.

Cat. 3590.

Nipal, Wallich.
Leaves 3-4 by about l in., subcoriaceous
Branchlets terete.
Habit of E. mangifolia but smaller in all its parts.

petiole |-| in.

69. E. areolata, DC. Prodr. iii. 260 {Syzygiuni) ; Me?n. Myrt. t. 18;
leaves elliptic cuneate at the base acuminate subcoriaceous nerves reticulate
marginal double, peduncles paniculate axillary and terminal 2 or 3 times shorter
than the leaves, buds globose, calyx quite entire, corolla calyptrate.

(J. F.

lix. mtrtacej;.

Eugenia.']
Nipax, Wallich.

Duthie.)

491

Very nearly related to E. frdndosa. There are specimens in the Kew Herbarium,
probably belonging to this species, fastened down on the same sheet with it, in
which the leaves have dried of a fresher tint, and the difference in the nervation is
considerable; the flowers also are rather larger.
b.

Calyx-tube slender and tapering.

70. E. khasiana, Duthie \ leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate at both

ends nerves and dots pellucid, cymes from the upper axils or terminal lax,
flower-buds pyriform \ in., limb of calyx truncate.

Khasia Mts.,

Griffith, J.

B. H.

T. T.

Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-4 by 1 in., smooth and shining above, finely reticulate between the lateral nerves which unite close within the margin petiole \ in.
Inflorcscence-bvsincb.es long and slender, acutely quadrangular.
Calyx spreading above
;

after flowering.

71. ZS. oblong*ifolia, Duthie leaves oblong acuminate narrowed towards

the base nerves rather close slender but prominent on both surfaces, cymes
terminal corymbose much branched shorter than the leaves, calyx-tube \ in. or
less gradually tapering to the base limb truncate, petals calyptrate.
;

Malacca, Maingay (746).

Branchlets terete or subtetragonous bark greyish. Leaves 3-4^ by lj-lf in.,
shining a little above, lateral nerves uniting close within the margin, interspaces reticulated.
Inflorescence-branches sharply 4-angular, compressed towards the nodes.
Filaments slender anthers small.
;

leaves shortly petioled

72. ZS. expansa, Wall. Cat. 3567 (Syzygium)
ovate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate subcoriaceous, cymes axillary or
terminating previous year's shoots, flowers small crowded at the ends of the
long peduncles, calyx nearly truncate.
;

Penang, Wallich.
Leaves 3-6 by 1^-2 in.,
subterete, compressed at the nodes.
polished a little above lateral nerves slender, raised on both surfaces, uniting within
i
in.
Calyx-tube f in., gradually tapering
the margin, interspaces reticulate petiole
to the base. Fruit not seen.

Young branches

mt

Calyx-limb 4^5-lobed.

Ic. t. 544 ; leaves sessile cordate

73. ZS. cordifolia, Wight III. ii. 16
amplexicaul ovate or ovate-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, cymes
corymbose terminal and axillary much shorter than the leaves, berry nearly
round crowned with the cup-like calyx-limb. E. androsaemoides, Bedd. Fl.
not of DC.
Syzygium cordifolium, Thivaites Enum.
Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii.
Oalyptranthes cordifolia, Moon Cat.
PI. Zeyl. 116.
;

Ceylon

Ambagamowa and Eatnapoora

districts, up to 3000 ft., Thwaites.

branchlets terete. Leaves 6-8 by about 3 in., often,
midrib stout and prominent beneath
larger, thick and coriaceous, polished above
lateral nerves usually not very distinct, sometimes forming double loopings within the
Berries subglobose,
Calyx-tube about in. ; lobes 4. Petals calyptrate.
margin.
about an inch in diameter. E. androscemoides of Wight's Herb, is E. obovata, Wall.
;

A very large handsome tree;

74. ZS. subdecussata, Wall. Cat. 3589 {Syzygium) ; leaves ovate or

very shortly petioled oblong-lanceolate cordate at the base subacute thick and

492

lix. myrtace^}.

(J. F.

[Eugenia.

Dnthie.)

coriaceous midrib keeled beneath lateral nerves indistinct, cymes terminal

corymbose branches stout angled compressed and flattened upwards, flowers
crowded, calyx-tube shortly obconic obscurely 5-lobed, petals calyptrate.
Sincapore, in very dense woods, Wallich; Government Hill, Penang, Maingay,
740.

A tree, about 15 ft. high (Maingay). Branchlets terete-compressed. Leaves

2^-4 by 1-lf in., smooth and polished above lateral nerves slender beneath, uniting
Flowers red and white (Maingay).
close to the margin, interspaces laxly reticulate.
Fruit size of a small cherry.
Calyx-tube about in., squarrose. Bracts triangular.
;

75. E. colorata, Duthie ; leaves very shortly petioled elliptic or oblongobovate rounded or subcordate at the base rather acutely acuminate very thick
and coriaceous, cymes terminal, branches stout alternately compressed shorter
than the leaves, flowers crowded in compact corymbs, petals united, calyx about
^ in. with 5 shallow lobes.

Malacca, Maingay, 749.

Branchlets terete, reddish-brown. Leaves 4-5| by \\ to 2|in.; midrib angled
beneath, tinged with red; nerves indistinct above, slender beneath, uniting close
within the margin, interspaces reticulate.
76. E. revoluta, Wight HI. ii. 17
Ie. t. 534
leaves lanceolate with a
small obtuse point to ovate or broadly obovate and obtuse coriaceous margins
often revolute, cymes terminal longish peduncled, flowers sessile congested at
the ends of the branchlets, fruit spherical reddish size of a small cherry.
Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii. not of Berg. Syzygium revolutum, Thwaites Enum.
117.
;

Nilghiri Mts., Hb. Hohenacker. Ceylon, in the Central Provinces, alt. 3-6000
(Adam's Peak), Walker, Thwaites, &c.
A moderate-sized tree branchlets terete or obscurely 4-gonous. Leaves shortly
petioled, variable in size, polished above, dull and glaucous beneath.
Calyx 4 otoothed.
Petals free, or cohering and falling off as a lid.
The Nilghiri specimens
have the leaves smoother above and more conspicuously dotted, the nervation is not so
prominent beneath. There is a small-leaved form of this in Wight's Herbarium
collected in Ceylon by Col. Walker, and called var. parvifolia
the leaves are about 1
by i in.

ft.

leaves oblong or
77. E. oblata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 493
broadly lanceolate acuminate finely nerved, panicles terminal and axillary shorter
than the leaves, petals united in a calyptra, berries round or transversely oval
size of a cherry.
Wight HI. ii. 15 Ic. t. 622 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 67
For. Fl. i. 488. S. oblatum, Wall. Cat. 3569.
S. pu'lchellum, Wall. Cat. 3566 in part. Jambosa pulchella, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.
i. 422.
E. comosa, Wall. Cat. 3566
I.e. 3600 C {under E. inojjhylla).
;
;

Khasia Mts., Silhet, Chittagong, Pegu, and Maetaban

Penang and Sincapore, Wallich. Distrib. Yunan.

Assam, Jenkins

Tenasserim

to

branchlets terete, reddish-brown.

tree
Leaves 3-4 in., often with a long
slender point, shining above, turning dark when dried petiole |-f in.
Cymes trichotomous, on long peduncles. Flowers rather large, sessile.
Calyx-tube about in.,
gradually tapering to the base lobes 4 or 5, unequal, persistent. Stamens numerous,
long ; anthers with an apiculate connective.
;

78. E. laevicaulis, Duthie; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate nerves

close uniting very near the edge, cymes terminal and axillary short contracted

branches ascending, calyx-tube about ^

flattened at both ends size of a cherry.

in.

turbinate lobes 5, fruit roundish or


lix. myetace^e.

Eugenia.]

Duthie.)

(J. F.

493

Malacca, Maingay, 753-2.

Branchlets terete, polished. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1^ in., chocolate -coloured and shining
Calyx-lobes distant.
above, rusty -red beneath when dry petiole \ in.
Style long,
Allied to E. oblata, but with smoother branchlets and narrower more
persistent.
contracted inflorescence.
;

79. S. sylvestris, Moon in Wight III. ii. 15 Ic. t. 532 leaves glabrous
from lanceolate with an obtuse point to obovate or spathulate obtuse coriaceous,
cymes corymbose crowded terminal or from the extreme axils on long peduncles,
Becld. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
flowers small, calyx
i n > fruit spherical black-purple.
;

Gen.

cvii.

Syzygium

lana,

Moon

Cat. p. 39.

sylvestre, Thwaites

Enum.

116.

Calyptrantb.es

Jambo-

common up

to an elevation of 3000 ft., Walker, Thwaites.

branchlets terete. Leaves about 4 by 1| 2 in., shining above,
rusty-coloured beneath, and minutely and densely punctate, closely nerved, the
lateral nerves horizontal and uniting close within the margin, margins somewhat
In Wight's figure the leaves are drawn too acute.
revolute petiole -f in.

Ceylon

A very large tree

80. E. assimilis, Thwaites Enum. 116 {Syzygium) ; leaves petioled

ovate-lanceolate or obovate more or less abruptly acuminate narrow at the base
rarely rounded, cymes crowded at the ends of the branchlets half as long as
the leaves, berries spherical. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii.

Ceylon

up to

5000

ft., Thwaites.
Leaves 2-5 by l-2 in. petiole ^-nearly in. Peduncles
obtusely 4-sided. Flowers rather large, about | in. in diam. Petals falling in one
Differs from E. Arnottiana in the larger leaves and flowers, the united petals,
piece.
and in the shape of the fruit; the nervation of the leaves is less close, and the
marginal nerve is more distant from the edge. A variety of this with larger leave's
and flowers is also found in Ceylon.
;

alt.

A moderate-sized tree.

81. E. Neesiana, Wight III. ii. 15 ; Ic. t. 533 ; leaves nearly sessile
oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate subcoriaceous pellucid-punctate, cymes
terminal and from the upper axils laxly corymbose, berry subglobose. Bedd.
Syzygium Neesianum, A?m. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii.
Thwaites Enum. 117. Oalyptranthes cordifolia, Moon Cat.
xviii. 355 (1836)
;

Ceylon

ft. alt., Thwaites, Gardner.

good-sized tree. Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-4 by \-\\ in. Pedicels half the
length of the shortly turbinate calyx. Flowers small. Petals free or falling in one
Berry in., crowned with the circular calyx-throat and the incurved acute
piece.
;

up

to 3000
.

lobes.

82. E. microcalyx, Duthie leaves nearly sessile ovate or elliptic-obovate obtuse or shortly acuminate polished above nerves faintly impressed above
prominent beneath, cymes terminal and axillary often exceeding the leaves,
bracts small acute persistent, flowers very small, calyx-tube short subcylindrical
in. or less lobes 4 distant subacute nearly equal, petals united.
;

&

731.
Distjrib. Borneo?.
Griffith, Maingay, 727
Leaves 2-4| by l-2 in., dark above when dried, reddish
Branchlets subterete.
beneath lateral nerves uniting some way within the margin. Bracts often in threes.
In Maingay's No. 727 the leaves are less distinctly nerved, the lateral nerves
faintly unite close within the margin, and the flowers are rather smaller.
No. 3354
Habit of E. olivifolia.
of Beccari's Borneo may perhaps be referred to this species.

Malacca,

494

lix. mtrtace^;.

XX

(J. F. Dufchie.)

[Eugenia.

I^ftves suborbicular.

83. 33. cyelophylla, Thioaites MSS. {Syzygium) leaves shortly petioled

or nearly sessile broadly ovate to nearly orbicular very thick and coriaceous
margins revolute, cymes terminal not exceeding the leaves, branches stout
4-gonous, berries nearly spherical crowned with the remains of the 4-fid
;

calyx-limb.

Ceylon; Adam's Peak, Thwaites (C.P. 3915).

Leaves 2^3 in. by 2 in., margins broadly and irregularly recurved in the dried
specimens, black-dotted above, not glaucous beneath midrib very stout marginal
This differs from E. revoluta in
nervation double. Berry about the size of a pea.
the rounder more coriaceous leaves, shorter petioles, and the stouter inflorescence
;

branches.

E. sclerophylla, Thwaites JEnum. 118 {Syzygium) ; leaves small

very coriaceous obovate or nearly round cordate at the base glabrous
above nerved beneath, midrib thickened towards the base, cymes about equal
to the leaves, berries spherical size of a small cherry.
84.

sessile

Central Provinces, alt. 6-8000 ft., Adam's Peak, Thwaites.

moderate-sized tree branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves ^-1 in. dull. Berries crowned
with the cup-shaped calyx-limb, turning black.

Ceylon

85.

E.

otundifolia, Wight

III. ii.

17

leaves shortly petioled orbicular

obtuse or obscurely acuminate subcordate at the base or attenuated coriaceous

glossy and nerveless above, cymes terminal sessile few-flowered, berry spherical
Becld. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.
Syz. rotundifolium,
size of a small cherry.
Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 335 ; Thwaites Enum. 118.

Ceylon; Central Provinces, alt. 6-8000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites.

Leaves - in. long, nerved
tree or shrub young branches 4-gonous.
Calyx obovate, shortly 5-toothed.
beneath, margins revolute.
Berries red turning
Closely allied to the preceding species, differing chiefly by its petioled
to black.

A small

glossy leaves.

86. IS. calophyllifolia, Wight III. ii. 17 ; Ic. t. 1000 ; leaves shortly
petioled obtuse ovate obovate or orbicular very coriaceous, cymes terminal
corymbose short-peduncled many-flowered, fruit ovoid or oblong. Bedd. Fl.
Syz. calophyllifolium, Thwaites Enum. 118.
Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvii.

Wight, Adam, Gardner ; Sisparah, Wight.

Ceylon, Adam's Peak,
Thwaites.
A large spreading tree with a fine umbrageous head young branches 4-gonous.
Leaves glabrous, about 1 by | in., reticulated beneath when dry, not dotted.
Calyx
repandly 4-toothed. Petals orbicular, falling together in one piece. Fruit succulent,
dark purple, edible.

Nilghiki,

alt.

6-7000

'

ft.,

87. IE. oligantha, Thwaites Enum. 118 {Syzygium)

leaves small obovate obtusely and shortly acuminate or retuse narrowed towards the base
faintly nerved dotted, heads terminal few-flowered shortly peduncled.
Bedd.
Fl. Syfa Anal. Gen. cviii.
;

A
\-^

Ambagamowa

district, alt. 3-5000 ft., Thwaites.

upper branches 4-gonous, angles winged. Leaves ^-nearly 1 in. by
Bracts equal to about half the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube camshortly petioled.

Ceylon

small tree

in.,

panulate, much produced; lobes 4. rather conspicuous.

black, size of a pea.

Berries spherical, red turning

Eugenia.]

lix.

mtrtace^.

(J. F.

Dnthie.)

495

XXX Leaves narrow.

88. Ew olivifolia, Duthie; leaves small shortly petioled spathulate obovate
or lanceolate obtuse shining above dull beneath and densely glandular, lateral
nerves few directed upwards, cymes about equal to or shorter than the leaves,
flowers small shortly pedicelled.
S. spathulatmn, Thwaites Enum. 118 ; not of
Berg (Eug.) ; Bedel. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cviii.

Ceylon,

alt.

3-5000

ft,,

Thwaites.

small tree. Leaves 1 If by ^-f in.

Berries spherical, red turning to black,
This plant differs from E. rubicunda in the direction of the lateral
size of a pea.
nerves, and in the shape of the calyx-tube, which becomes more suddenly narrowed
towards the base.

leaves shortly petioled

89. E. rubicunda, Wight III. ii. 15 Ic. t. 538
narrow oblong attenuated at both ends obtuse coriaceous pellucid-punctate,
primary nerves close, cymes terminal corymbose longer than the leaves, flowers
;

minute, calyx repandly 4-lobed shortly turbinate. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen.
Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 94.
Syzygium rubicundum, W. 8$ A. Prodr.
cviii.
330. S. salicifolium, Wall. Cat. 3597 not of Graham.
;

Tinnevelly District, common up

to

3000

ft. alt.,

Beddome.

small tree, or large shrub branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves 2^-3 by about | in.
petiole in.
The leaves are narrower and more prominently nerved than in
lissophylla, from which however Col. Beddome believes it to be not specifically
:

distinct.

90. E. cuneata, Wall. Cat. 3598 (Syzygium)

leaves narrow obovatelanceolate obtuse tapering below into a short petiole lateral nerves horizontal,
cymes from the terminal axils exceeding the leaves, flowers small, calyxtube narrowly turbinate fI in. truncate above, petals calyptrate, berry size
of a pea.
;

Silhet, Wallich ; E. Bengal, Griffith Khasia Mts., 3-5000 ft., J. D. H. % T. T.

Branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves about If by in., smooth above, reticulate beneath.
;

Inflorescence often leafy.

Cymes terminating previous

year's branches.

91. E. papillosa, Euthie; under surface of leaves young branches and

pedicels clothed with rusty-coloured scurf, leaves large subsessile and somewhat

amplexicaul obovate-oblong midrib and nerves very prominent beneath, cymes

crowded at the extremities of year-old branches, calyx clove-shaped.

Malay Peninsula, Maingay,

737.

Branchlets terete or subtetragonous, stout. Leaves 7-9 by 3| in. lateral nerves

uniting conspicuously within the margin, dark above when dry, reddish beneath. InBracts 2 at the base of each
florescence-hT&nches long, stout, compressed upwards.
Calyx-tube % in. lobes 4, prominent, subtriangular, obtuse, reflexed. Petals
flower.
falling together.
One of Beccari's Borneo plants No. 2521, with larger leaves and
flowers, has a similar clothing of reddish scurf.
;

92. E. pustulata, Duthie leaves oblong acuminate narrowed below

subcoriaceous nerves whitish prominent beneath distant uniting conspicuously
within the margin, cymes terminating year-old branches, sepals acute, petals
;

falling in one piece.

Malacca, Maingay, (751).

Branchlets terete rough with prominent glands, especially the upper branches,
and the midribs and nerves of the leaves. Leaves 4|-7 by l-2 in., indistinctly
;

'

496

lix. myrtacejE.

nerved above midrib rounded beneath.

Flowers about \ in.
;

(J. F. Duthie.)
Ivflorescence-hv&nches

[Eugenia.
short,

stout,

4-an-

gular.

Fl. Ind. ii. 488

93. E. brachiata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37
leaves
abruptly ovate or elliptic tip rounded or very shortly acuminate, panicles
branched
shorter than the leaves,
axillary or from the leafless axils much
in. lobes 4 shallow, corolla calyptrate,
flowers minute, calyx-tube obconic about
not of DC. (Syz.).
Syzygiuni
berry spherical. E. odorata? Wight III. ii. 16
brachiatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 460. E. cinerea, Kurz in Pegu For.
Rep. Append. B. p. 50 For. Fl. i. 483. S. cinereum, Wall. Cat. 3576.
S.
ribesioides, Wall. Cat. 3553 A.
;

Pegu, Kurz
Amboina.

Mergui,

Griffith

Amherst and Penang,

Wallich.

Distrib.

Branchlets terete or subtetragonous bark white. Leaves 2^-6 by \\-Z

tree.
shortly petioled, glossy above, paler beneath nerves finely impressed above,
prominent beneath. Bracts ovate, acute, persistent. Flowers sessile in clusters of
The leaves of Wallich's specimens are much
6-9. Berries purplish to black.
broader at the base than those of Wight. In Wallich's S. ribesioides the leaves are
broader and less acuminate, the peduncles are shorter and the branchlets whiter.
;

in.,

leaves ovate with a

94. E. verecunda, Wall. Cat. 3579 (Syzygium)
long point, nerves close reticulate, petiole about \ in., corymbs lax about
half the length of the leaves, flowers very small, calyx with 4 shallow distant
lobes broadly expanding above after flowering, petals calyptrate.
;

Malacca,

Griffith

Penang, Wallich.

Branchlets terete, compressed at the nodes. Leaves 1\ by 1-1^ in., pale yellow
Wallich was inclined to connect this
petiole midrib and margin tinged with orange.
with his S. continuum the latter however differs by having shorter petioles, the leaves
less distinctly reticulated, larger flowers, free petals, and the calyx-tube more gradually
tapering to the base.

** Cymes lateral, mostly from the scars offallen leaves.

f Petals free.
95. 22. nitida, Duthie ; leaves broadly ovate or oblong tip rounded or
shortly acuminate polished above coriaceous, primary nerves few prominent
beneath and uniting at some distance from the margin, cymes lateral chiefly
from the leafless axils, calyx-tube spreading and recurved after flowering lobes
prominent subpersistent, petals ?.

Malay Peninsula, Maingay, 728.

Leaves 3-3| by 2 in., black and shining above,
Branchlets terete, reddish-brown.
rusty-red beneath, dots inconspicuous not pellucid, nerves indistinct above
petiole
Herbarium specimens resemble E. brachiata, but the flowers are larger, and
\-7j in.
the leaves broader and more shining.

96. En polyantlta, Wight III. ii. 17 ; Ic. t. 543 ; leaves obovate or oblanceolate obtusely acuminate cuneate at the base dark and shining above
rusty-red beneath dots not pellucid, cymes short many-flowered axillary and from
the leafless axils, flowers small, calyx rather deeply 4-lobed, petals free and

expanding.
Ind. Bat.

Miquel

1.

Not of Wall.
i.

pt.

i.

444.

3603 not of Miq. (Syz.). E. lucidula, Miq. Fl.

Myrtus cymosa, Blume Bijd. 1086, not of Spr. (ex

Cat.

c).

Motjlmein and Mergui, Griffith. Distrib. Java.

slender tree, upwards of 80 ft. (Griffith MS.). Branchlets 4-gonous. Leaves the
same size as those of E. balsamea, which it resemlles in habit. Petals white.
Tenasseeim, Heifer

Eugenia.']

lix.

myrtace^.

(J. F. Duthie.)

497

Anal. Gen. cvii. ; leaves

97. ZS. malabarica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 199
obovate-spathulate or quite obcordate rarely oblong marginal looping inconspicuous, cymes from the old wood below the leaves rarely in the lower axils very
short, flowers numerous very small bracteolate, calyx-tube with 4 indistinct triangular lobes, petals opening separately, fruit spherical about \ in.
;

Western Peninsula Wynaad, jungles, 2-4000

,

dotted beneath
in age, about

ft. alt.,

Beddome.

Leaves 2-5 by l-2f in., minutely

petiole ^- in.
Cymes about in. Calyx-tube more or less truncate
in. diam.
Petals orbicular with a slight claw, pointed, very soon

middling-sized tree.

Branchlets terete.

deciduous.

98. 23. cong-lomerata, Duthie ; leaves obovate or oblanceolate rounded

at the apex or shortly and obtusely acuminate tapering gradually to the base margins revolute, flowers from the leafless axils in dense sessile or subsessile clusters,
calyx-tube broadly campanulate lobes 4 rounded persistent, petals free.

Malayan Peninsula, Mdingay,

Bark of older branchlets grey

74to.

upper branchlets su btetragonous. Leaves 3-4 by

1-1 1 in., sometimes subfalcate, coriaceous, dark and shining above, rusty-red beneath,
minutely black-dotted midrib stout beneath, lateral nerves few, prominent beneath
and unitiug distinctly in loops within the margin petiole about ^ in. Bracts oblong,
obtuse.
Filaments short, stout. Resembles No. 3326 of Beccari's Borneo plants,
but the flowers are larger and the peduncles longer in the latter.
;

ft Petals

united.

Leaves alternate.

99. 22. alternifolia, Wight III. ii. 16 Ic. t. 537 ; leaves alternate suborbicular thick and coriaceous, cymes lateral longish-peduncled corymbose dense
sometimes congested near the apex of year-old branches, fruit subspherical size of
a cherry. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 198.
;

Kttbnool, Cxjddapah, and N. Abcot

Assam, Nagari Hills.

Leddome; Balaghaut, Wight.

districts,

A large tree. Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-8 in., rounded at the apex or rather
suddenly obtusely acuminate, dark green and shining above paler beneath, minutely
dotted primary nerves numerous, uniting close within the margin petiole 1 in. or
more. Flowers yellowish-white, sweet-scented. Calyx viscid and shining, entire or
with 4 very minute teeth. Petals calyptrate.
;

Leaves opposite.
100. E. tetragona, Wight Ill.ii. 16 ; branchlets stout acutely 4-gonous,
leaves ovate-oblong or nearly oval thick and coriaceous, lateral and marginal
nerves very prominent beneath, cymes from the lower leafless axils shorter than
Syzygium tetragonum, Kurz in
the leaves, fruit globose size of a large pea.
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. p. 66 ; For. Fl. i. 484 ; Wall. Cat. 3550.
S. rameum, Wall. Cat. 3595.
S. ficifolium, Wall. Cat. 3558.
Sikkim, J. D. H. Bhotan, Griffith. Khasia Mts., J. B. H. $ T. T. Sjxhet,
Ava, Kurz. Distbib. Yunan.
Wallich.
Leaves 5-6 by 2 in.,
large tree branchlets with the angles often winged.
Calyx-tube
attenuated at each end, dots minute but not pellucid petiole about in.
narrow below, suddenly enlarging at the throat ; lobes small, rounded. Petals calyptrate.
The flowers are sweet-scented according to Wallich.
The branchlets are not so acutely 4-gonous in Wallich's S. ficifolium and S. rameum,
and the leaves of the former are broader.
;

VOL. n.

KK

498

lix. myrtace^e.

Duthie.)

(J. F.

[Eugenia.

101. IS. occlusa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 460 (Syzygimn) leaves on
longish petioles elliptic obtusely acuminate acute at base coriaceous shining
above paler beneath, lateral nerves distant indistinctly uniting within the margin, flowers rather large in condensed lateral panicles, calyx-tube broad above
and with a truncate margin.
;

Nicobar Islands, Kurz.

Distrib. Java.
Branchlets terete or subcompressed upwards, light brown or whitish.
Leaves
2-4 in., varying in width, rusty-brown when dried midrib furrowed above petiole
about 1 in. Panicles shorter than the leaves, branches divaricate or subdeflexed.
Buds globose. Calyx-tube upwards of \ in. The calyx and corolla are apparently
fused together in the calyptrate operculum. Under this species Mr. Kurz refers E.
eerasoides, Koxb., E. polyantha, Wight, and the specimens 2394
2395 of Griffith's
;

&

and Heifer's

collection.

102. E. operculata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. irac?.ii.486; leaves broadly
ovate or elliptic rounded at the apex or obtusely acuminate narrowed below lateral
nerves few distant prominent becoming fainter towards the margin, panicles
from leafless axils lax divaricate, berry globose or ovoid.
Wight Ic. t. 552
Brandts For. Fl. 234 Kurz For. Fl. i. 483. E. eerasoides, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
92 Fl. Ind. ii. 488 Wight Ic. t. 615 Miq. Anal "Bbl. Ind. i. 27 : Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 443 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. 66 ; Far. Fl. i.
484.
Syzygium nervosum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260; Mem. Myrt. ii. 16 ; Wall. Cat.
3551
3553
&
& C {under E. ribesioides) Benth. Fl. Hongk. 119
Thwaites Enum. 417 Miq. Fl. Ind, I. c. 460 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cvi.
Oalyptranthes
S. costatum, nodosum, and angkolanum, Miq. Fl. Ind. I. c. 448.
mangiferifolia, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 629.
0. costata, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
3556. C. grandis and C. Tatna, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3554, 3555.
;

Sub-Himalayan forests from the Jumna to Assam, ascending to 2000 ft. Oudh
and Gtobakhpur forests, Cachar, Chittagong, Pegu, Kurz. Ceylon, up to 3000 ft.
Distrib. Indian Archipelago and S. China, Yunan.
A large tree branchlets subterete or 4-gonous. Leaves 3-8 by 2-4 in., subcoriaceous, dots often black (in the" dried specimens), rarely pellucid primary veins

8-12, curving into a rather faint intramarginal vein petiole i-f in. Inflorescence
often thyrsoidal. Peduncles long, acutely angled. Flowers small", greenish, in threes,
nearly sessile, odorous.
Calyx campanulate, with short obtuse lobes, or nearly trunPetals united and falling in one piece, calyptra often apiculate. Berry J-| in.,
cate.
rugose, juicy.
The wood is used for building and for agricultural implements. The
;

fruit is eaten.

PanMa berries oval. E. Paniala, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 489. Wight Ic. t. 616 ;
For. Fl. i. 483. Syz. Panealla, Wall. Cat. 3557 ?
Calyptranthes cuneata,
Chittagong, Roxburgh; Silhet, Wallich; Pegu, Rangoon, McClelland.
There is no fruit with "Wallich's and Hamilton's specimens. Flowers in April, fruit
ripens in June.
Var. obovata, Kurz. For. Fl. i. 482 leaves obovate or oblanceolate, cymes more
compact. Syz. obovatum, Wall. Cat. 3552, not of DC. S. vastum, Wall. Cat. 3561.
Var.

Kurz
Ham.

polyanthum, Thwaites ; not of Wight.

Ava, Griff.
S.

Silhet,

Chittagong, Rangoon, Wallich

103. E. Stocksii, Duthie; leaves elliptic-obovate rounded or obtusely

acuminate at the apex indistinctly nerved dots not pellucid, cymes axillary and
from the leafless axils half the length of or equalling the leaves, flowers small,
petals calyptrate.

Concan, Stocks.

Wynaad, Beddome.

lofty tree; branches acutely 4-gonous.

Leaves 4-6 by If 3 in., thin; lateral

nerves few slender below curving upwards and becoming faint towards the margin.

Peduncles 1-2 in.

Flowers about
E. balsamea, but the cymes are

of

499

(J. P. Duthie.)

lix. myrtace^:.

Eugenia.']

Calyx-lobes 4, rounded or subacute.

Habit
longer peduncled and the leaves are not

in.

much

pellucid-punctate.

104. E. balsamea, Wight III. ii. 16 leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate

narrowed below acuminate subcoriaceous pale pellucid-punctate, lateral nerves
prominent widely separated, cymes lateral short compact, flowers small, berry
round. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. 66 For. Fl. i. 485.
Syz. balsameum, Wall. Cat. 3592. Memecylon floribundum, Wall. Cat. 4113.
;

Sikkim, alt. 2000 ft., J. D. H. $ T.T.; E. Bengal, Griffith; Pegu, Kurz; Silhet,
Wallich, J. D. H, $ T. T.
Assam, Masters. Distrib. Yunan.
Branchlets subterete or obscurely 4-gonous.
Leaves 3-5 by 1-1^ in. ; petiole
| in. Inflorescence-branches compressed, angular. Calyx-tube truncate. Petals united,

or sometimes becoming

free.

Vak. angustifolia leaves narrowly

2000 ft., J. D. H. Sf T. T.
;

elliptic-lanceolate,

^-f

in.

wide.

Khasia Mts.,

105. E. fruticosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 487; shrubby,
leaves broadly oblong to oval acuminate finely nerved, flowers small in dense
lateral panicles, berries small ovoid.
Wight Ic. t. 624 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xlvi. pt. ii. 66 For. Fl. i. 485.
S. fruticosum, DC. Prodr. iii. 260
Mem. Myrt. 1. 19 ; Wall. Cat. 3559 in part.
;

Silhet and Chittagong, Roxburgh, Wallich Pegu, Kurz ; Tenasserim, Heifer.

large shrub or small tree.
Leaves variable as to size, very similar to those of
Calyx
E. Jambolana petiole shorter. Panicle-branches divaricate, acutely angular.
very short.
Corolla calyptrate. Berries siz% of pea.
Resembles E. polyantha, Wight,
;

in i&> inflorescence.

|06. E. Jambolana, Lam. Diet. iii. 198 ; leaves ovate or oblong obtuse
or more >r less acuminate coriaceous closely nerved, panicles lateral below the
leaver rarely axillary or terminal, calyx shortly turbinate limb truncate or obscurely 4-lobed, petals calyptrate, berry olive-shaped to globose purple from size
of a pea to a pigeon's egg. Ham. in. Wern. Soc. Trans, v. 342 ; Roxb. Fl. Did
ii. 484 ; Wight Ic. t. 535
Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 283 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. i. t. 197
Bfxindis For. Fl. 233 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi. pt. ii. 67
For. Fl. i. 485.
Syz. Jambolanum, DC. Prodr. iii. 259 ; Wall. Cat. 3560
W. 8f A. Prodr. i. 329 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 93. E. frondosa, Wall. Cat
3560
not 3590. E. Moorei, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 33.
Oalyptranthes Jam;
bolana, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 975.
C. capitellata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3560 B.

Common (wild or cultivated) .and generally distributed throughout India in botli

peninsulas and in Ceylon from the plains to 4-5000 ft. Distmb. Malay Archipelago
;

to Australia.

A tree,

usually of considerable size with a thick and rather crooked trunk. Leaves
3-6 in., extremely variable in shape, smooth and shining, the numerous nerves
uniting within the margin petiole ^-1 in.
Cyme short and compact or laxly paniculate.
Flowers numerous, about the size of those of E. opercidata or much smaller,
sweet-scented. Berries often obliquely oblong.
The wood is whitish, close-grained.
and durable; the bark affords brown dyes, and a kind of gum kino. The fruit is
often eaten. Roxburgh mentions a variety having fruit of a superior quality, and as
large as a pigeon's egg probably the result of cultivation.
Var. caryophyllifolia leaves ovate-lanceolate with a long acumen, calyx short:
4-toothed, berry globose size of a large pea.
E. caryophyllifolia, Lam. Diet. iii. 19S
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37 Fl. Ind. ii. 486
Wight Ic. ii. 553. E. calyptrata, Roxb. Ic.
1142 ? Syz. caryophyllifolium, PC. Prodr. iii. 259 Wall. Cat. 3562 partly,
3551,
C.
Thwaites Enum. 116. S. Jambolanum, var. microcarpum, Thwaites Etmm. 417
-Wall. Cat. 3562 C.
exclude
Syz. lateriflorum, Royle.
Myrtus Cumini, Linn.
;

&


500
syn.

Bumph. $ Burm.Pluk. Aim.

Herb. Amb.

Vab.
ST;
78,

i.

t.

ii.

485

Bumph.

36.
is

t.

274, 2.

Bheede Hort. Mai. v.

t.

Bumph

29.

41.

E. obtusifolia, Boxb. Hart. Beng.

Jambolifera pedunculata, Gaertn. Fruct. i.
The emargination in the leaves of Rumphius'

obtusifolia; leaves obtuse, berries oblong.

Ft. Ind.

figure

t.

[Eugenia*

(J. F. Dnthie.)

lix. myrtace^:.

an

Wight

Herb.

Ic. t.

Amb.

i.

620.
t. 42.

error.

107. E. tenuis, Wall. Cat. 3570 (Syzygiuni) ; leaves ovate or ovatelanceolate obtusely acuminate narrowed at the base coriaceous pale pellucidpunctate lateral nerves slender close interspaces finely reticulated, panicles from
the leafless axils dense, calyx-tube broadly campanulate much produced lobes 4
Calyptranthes tenuis, Ham. MSS.
shallow.

Sukanaghab, Hamilton.
Leaves 2^-2| by 1-1 A in.; margins slightly revolute; midrib slender, orangecoloured as well as the edges of the leaves; petiole about in. Peduncles % in. or
Style persistent, exserted.
Corolla calyptrate.
The leaves have a close resemless.
blance to those of E. verecunda.

Keyneana,

Wall. Cat. 3599 (Syzygiuni) ; leaves narrowly oblongs

108. IS.
or elliptic obtusely acuminate narrowed at the base into a short petiole finely
and closely nerved, cymes lateral from the scars of fallen leaves rarely axillary,,
Calyptranthes Danca, Ham.
calyx-lobes unequal, petals united, berries oblong.
E. salicifolia, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 73 ; not of DC. ; not of Berg, or
in Herb.
Wall. Cat. 3597 (Syz.) ; Wight III. ii. 16 ; Ic. t. 539 ; JDalz. Bomb. Fl. 24 excl.
syn. Wall. ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix.

"Western Peninsula ; beds of river* in Bebab Bombay Ghats and Concan,

Stocks Canaba, Bitchie Coorg, Heyne Sagob, Vicary.
A small tree or shrub. Leaves 3-5 by f-1 in., pellucid-punctate. Cymes lax,
much branched. Flowers small, white. Berries in. or more in length, crowned with
the cup-like calyx-limb.
E. salicifolia of Wight's Herbarium is certainly the E. Heyneana of Bottler's and
Wallich's herbaria.
Wallich's E. salicifolia is E. rubicunda, W.
A., a plant
having very much the habit of this, but with the inflorescence terminal. The wood
;

&

is

used for rafters (Beddome).

Vab. alternant ; cymes from the axils of the upper leaves.

Herb. Hohenacker.
Concan and Canara, Stocks, Hohenacker.
like those of E. pellucida.
Sect. III. Eueugenia.
(To end.)

Flowers solitary or in

Miq. in
leaves are very

S. alternans,

The

fascicles.

Petals dis-

tinct.

Young

parts

and inflorescence fulvous or

silvery pubescent.

(To

p.

504.)

t Staminal disk broad.

109. E. Jossinia, JDuthie
leaves shortly petioled obovate-spathulate
obtuse cuneate below coriaceous glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary or crowded
at the end of the branches 1-flowered, pedicels and calyx rusty-pubescent, calyxlimb 4-lobed persistent, berry about the size of a sloe. E. cuneata, Heyne in
Wall. Cat. 3625 not of Wall. Cat. 3598 JBedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii. Jossinia indica, Wight III. ii. 12, t. 122
Ic. t. 523 Blume Mus. Bot. i. 122 Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 468.
;

Sevaghebby Hills, Tinnevelly Distbict, Wight, Beddome Cotjrtallum, Wight.

small tree or shrub. Leaves 1-lf by -| in., revolute at the edges nerves in;

Peduncles f
conspicuous above.
unequal. Petals hairy, | in. long.

in.

long.

Calyx-tube subglobose;

lobes

rather

Euyenia.]

(J. F. Duthie.)

lix. myrtace^e.

E. floccosa, Bcdd.

501

t. 200; young branches densely flocsometimes lanceolate obtuse densely floccose at

length glabrous except on the ribs minutely dotted beneath coriaceous, edges
revolute, flowers terminal in very short few-flowered cymes or solitary and large,
calyx coriaceous densely pilose furnished at the base with 2 large bracteoles,
petals exceeding the calyx-lobes white hairy at the back, fruit large size of
a pigeon's egg densely woolly crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes.

110.

Fl. Sylv.

cose, leaves ovate or suborbicular

S.

Tinnevelly Ghats above Calcad, 3-4000 ft., Beddome.

and beautiful tree. Leaves very thick, 3-5 by 2-3

in.
nerves quite
inconspicuous except in dried specimens, penninerved, with the usual marginal looping
or occasionally 3-nerved at the base, the two lateral nerves not prominent petiole
densely floccose, | in. Flowers about 1 in. diam. Disk large, subglobose, woolly.

large

111. E. codyensis, Munro in Wight III. ii. 13 leaves short-petioled

ovate-oblong or obovate tapering towards the base shortly obtusely acuminate,
flowers nearly sessile clustered in terminal heads at the extremities of short
abortive branches or axillary and solitary or few together, fruit globose 1-2;

seeded.

Nilghiri and Kurg Mts., Munro.

shrub with stout terete branchlets young parts clothed with white pubescence.
Leaves 1^-2^ by f-lf in., coriaceous, glabrous, shining above dots minute, pellucid
lateral nerves slender, prominent, uniting within the margin petiole |-A in.
Calyx tube campanulate, silky-pubescent lobes 4, broad, persistent, ciliate.
Petals oblong,
twice the length of the calyx. Berries about in. in diameter. Judging from the
specimen in "Wight's Herbarium it seems to be closely allied to E. elliptica, Lam., of
which it is perhaps only a variety the leaves are rather longer petioled and the

flowers larger.
Allied to this

112.

is

E. buxifolia, Lam., a native of the Mauritius.

E. lucida, Lam.

Diet.

iii.

203; young

parts

and inflorescence

covered with light-coloured cottony pubescence, leaves petioled broadly obovate

or nearly orbicular revolute at the edges very coriaceous, flowers large solitary
in the axils or collected 3 or 4 together at the ends of the former year's branches
each with 2 small subacute bracts, calyx-lobes rounded unequal. Jossinia lucida,
DC. Prodr. iii. 237. E. cotinifolia, Jacq. Obs. iii. 3 t. 53 in part. E. hypoleuca, Thwaites MSS. C.P. 3864 . 3865; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii.
Myrtus cotinifolia, Spreng. Syst. ii. 481 in part.
M. Oommersonii, Spreng.

lc.479.

Ceylon Wattekelle

Distrib. Bourbon, Mauritius.

Hill, 5000 ft. alt., Thwaites.
Leaves l\-2 by 1-lf in. nerves indistinct above, slender beneath and uniting
within the margin; petiole about \ in. Flowers upwards of an inch in diam. Pedicels
in. or less. Calyx-tube \ in. " Fruit obovate or globose glabrous crowned with
the obtuse calyx-lobes " (Decandolle, 1. c).
;

macrosepala,

113. E.
Duthie ; leaves petioled ovate or oblong-lanceolate subacute at the base obtusely acuminate or sometimes rounded at each end
coriaceous, flowers lateral from leafless axils sessile solitary or in pairs each

with 2 linear pilose bracts equalling or exceeding the calyx-tube, calyx-lobes

lanceolate acute exceeding the obtuse petals.

4 long narrowly

N. Canara, Stocks.
Upper branches stout, terete or compressed at the nodes bark brownish. Leaves
3-4^ by 1^-lf in., shining a little above and of a reddish tinge nerves inconspicuous
above, slender but prominent beneath uniting within the margin. Calyx-lobes clothed
with long spreading white hairs. Petals ovate, pilose at the back and ciliate at the
margin. Staminiferous disk not so broad and square as in E. elliptica, Lam.
;

'

502

lix. mtrtacej:.

(J. F.

Duthie.)

[Eugenia.

114. S. calcadensis, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 35, t. 162 ; Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. ex. young parts rusty-pubescent, leaves opposite or subalternate elliptic
to subobovate obtuse very rugose on the upper surface but glabrous in age except
the channelled midrib, peduncles axillary solitary about equal to the petioles 2rarely 1-flowered, flowers showy white, ovary 2-celled with numerous ovules.
;

Calcad Hills in S. Tinnevelly, up to 2000 ft., Beddome.

Leaves 2^-3 by l-l in., coriaceous, not dotted nerves inconspicuousabove slightly prominent beneath, the primary ones joining within the margin petiole -j[ in.
Pedicels l-l in., with a subulate bract at the base of each.
Flowers
1-1^ in. in diam., with 2 small linear bracts at the base. Calyx-lobes rounded. Petals
oblong ciliate - in. long. Disk suborbicular, densely woolly, covering the whole of
Stamens inserted all over the
the top of the ovary at the apex of the calyx-tube.

A small tree.

disk.

tf Staminal di&k not enlarged.

Floivers pedicelled.

115. S. bracteata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. ii. 490; young parts
and inflorescence rusty-pubescent, leaves shortly petioled ovate-oblong tapering
or cuneate at the base obtusely acuminate glabrous when old coriaceous shining
pellucid-dotted, peduncles axillary short 1-flowered solitary or 2-3 together or
in fascicles with 2 small bracteoles under each flower, berry globose 1-2-seeded.
DC. Prodr. iii. 264 W. # A. Prodr. i. 331 Wight III. t. 13; Thivaites Enum.
114 Blume Mus. Bot. i. 87 (in part) Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. Myrtus
M. coromandeliana, Kbn. MSS. M. ruscibracteata, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 969.
DC. 1. c. 241 Spreng. 1. c. 482. M. latifolia, Heyne in
folia, Willd. 1. c. 970
Moth. nov. sp. p. 232 (not of Aubl). M. Heynei, Spreng. I. c. 482 DC. I.e. 241.
:

Silhet and Plains of S. India, especially near the sea; Madbas, G. Thomson,.
Wight, Hunter Anamailay Mts., up to 3000 ft. alt., Beddome Ceylon, Jaffna,
Gardner.
A shrub or small tree. Leaves 1^-2 by about f in. Calyx-lobes broad, unequal, reflexed after flowering. Petals ovate-oblong, twice as long as the calyx-lobes, pubescent
at the back, margins ciliate.
Var. Roxburghii leaves broader, petioles longer, flowers larger. E. Koxburghii,
DC. Prodr. iii. 271 Wall. Cat. 3621 (in part) Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 66, t. exxiv.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 441 (in part) Blume Mus. Bot. i. 87 (in part). E. zeyianica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92 Fl. Ind. ii. 490 excl. syn. Willd.
W. ^ A. Prodr. i. 331
Am. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 336 (1836). E. Willdenowii, Wight III. ii. 13;
not of DC; Thwaites Enum. 114 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex.
not of
Ic. t. 545
Wall. Cat. 3623*. Myrtus littoralis, Roxb. in E. I. C. Mus. t. 151. M. spicata, Ham.
Plains of S. India and in Ceylon.
Bottler's specimens in the Kew Herbarium, and those of Arnott from Ceylon
named E. zeylanica have the leaves upwards of 4 in. long. In Wight's figure the
peduncles are incorrectly represented as 2-flowered.
Vab. fasciculata leaves 2^-3 in., flowers fascicled more erect peduncles shorter.
E. fasciculata, Wall. Cat. 3622 Blume Mus. Bot. i. 87 Silhet, Wallich.
;

;.

116. E. Rottleriana, W. $ A. Prodr. i. 331 ; much branched, young

shoots petioles peduncles and calyx covered with rusty-silky tomentum, leaves
very narrow lanceolate tapering at both ends obtuse glabrous on both surfaces
except when young pellucid-dotted, peduncles axillary or somewhat lateral 3-4
together or sometimes solitary filiform scarcely one-fourth the length of the
leaves, bracteoles 2 under the calyx, calyx-segments 4 triangular ovate obtuse,
Wight III. ii. 13
petals 4 much longer than the calyx villous on the margin.
'

Ic.

t.

j,


;;

(J. F. Duthie.)

lix. mtrtacetE.

Eugenia.']

503

Southern provinces of the Westebn Peninsula, Wight, Beddome-, Courtallum,

Wight.
petiole \ in. or less.
Col.
small tree or shrub.
Leaves 1-2 by ^- in.
Beddome mentions two distinct forms, the one with leaves l-l by ^ in., the other
2 in. by in. The former coming very near E. Willdenowii (of Wight).

117. E. terpnophylla, Thivaites Enum. 114 $ 417 ; young parts and

inflorescence rusty-pubescent, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate with a long
acumen narrowing towards the base lateral nerves uniting at some distance from
the margin, berry spherical usually 1-seeded. JBedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 67, t. 283

Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi.

Ceylon

up to no great elevation, Thwaites.

middling-sized tree branchlets terete. Leaves 2^-5 by -2 in., membranous,
faintly reticulate
lateral nerves prominent beneath, 5-8 on each side marginal
Peduncles axillary and terminal, short, few-flowered
often double ; petiole J-f in.
pedicels about equalling the petioles. Petals white, twice as long as the rounded
calyx-lobes. Berry downy, size of small cherry.
;

118. E. xanthocarpa, Thivaites Enum. 416;

young branches and
buds clothed with rusty pubescence, leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous acute at the base, midrib channelled above primary nerves promi-

nent, pedicels axillary fasciculate rusty-pubescent about equalling the petioles,

berry 1-4-seeded nearly spherical rusty-pilose tuberculate. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. cxi.

Ceylon

near the coast between Galle and Colombo, Thwaites.

Leaves 2-4 by 1-1| in. petiole \ in. Berries \-% in., ochraceous.
Differs from E. terpnophylla in having more numerous primary nerves, in their being
less prominent beneath, and uniting closer to the margin
and in the ochraceous berries which are often 2-4-seeded (Thwaites 1. c).
;

A low tree.

119. E. rufo-fulva, Thivaites Enum. 416 ; young parts covered with

short reddish or tawny pubescence, leaves lanceolate acutely acuminate glabrous
above (except when young) shining hairy covered beneath with short adpressed
reddish or tawny tomentum at length glabrous, peduncles axillary fasciculate
1-3-flowered about equal to the petioles, calyx with small subulate bracteoles.
Bedd Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi. E. terpnophylla, var /3., Thwaites 1. c. 114.

Ceylon, near Avishavelle, Thwaites.

30-40 ft. Leaves 4-5 by 1-1 in. or much narrower in some of Mr. Thwaites'
specimens; petiole about in.
Calyx- lobes unequal, obtuse or subacute.
"Differs
from E. terpnophylla by the leaves being pilose beneath, and the primary nerves
anastomosing nearer the margin " (Thwaites 1. c).

A tree,

120. E.
to lanceolate

arg entea,

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cix. leaves ovate-elliptic

with a long narrow acumen rounded at the base silvery pubescent
;

beneath, peduncles filiform axillary pubescent, bracteoles 2 filiform exceeding

the calyx-lobes persistent, fruit spherical sparingly clothed with short adpressed
hairs.
S. India,

A small

Wynaad,

alt.

3000

ft.,

Beddome.

Leaves 4-5^ by l|-l in.; nerves rather prominent beneath, lateral spreading nearly at right angles from the midrib and running into a
regular looped nerve near the margin. Peduncles 1 in. long, from the old axils or
axillary.
Flowers $ to nearly \ in. across. Fruit about the size of a large cherry,
black when dry, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes.
tree or shrub.

504

lix. myrtace.e.

Flowers

sessile

(J. F. Duthie.)

[Eugenia.

or subsessile.

121. S. floceifera, Thwaites Enum. 115; leaves oblong-lanceolate acutely

acuminate, young parts and inflorescence densely clothed with yellow tomentum, pedicels axillary short clustered, calyx-lobes 4 lanceolate much longer than
the tube. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi.
Keigara Corle, at no great elevation, Thwaites.
Leaves acutely acuminate, 4-8 by 1-2 in., at
small tree branchlets terete.
length glabrous primary nerves rather prominent beneath, joined into a marginal
looping one ; petiole -| in. Petals white, equalling the calyx-lobes, \ in.

Ceylon

122. E. fulva, Thwaites Enum. 115 leaves elliptic or oblong abruptly

and shortly acuminate rounded at the base smooth above prominently nerved
beneath young parts and inflorescence clothed with yellow tomentum, flowers
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi.
axillary and cauline small sessile crowded.
;

Ceylon

Pasdoon Corle, at no great

elevation, Thwaites.

Leaves coriaceous, 4-6 by 2-3

small tree with terete branchlets.
young ones rusty -tomentose beneath petiole about ^ in.

in.,

the

123. E. rivulorum, Thwaites Enum. 115 leaves rather large lanceolate

acuminate narrow at the base covered very slightly beneath with fulvous pubescence at length glabrous, flowers rather large sessile axillary and cauline, calyxBedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
lobes 4 pilose externally rounded equalling the tube.
Gen. cxi.
;

Ceylon banks of streams in the Singherajah forest between Gralle and Ratnapoora, at no great elevation, Thwaites.
small tree with terete branchlets. Leaves 10-14 by 3-4 in.; midrib stout
longitudinally striated principal nerves very prominent below and uniting to form a
Petals oblong,' pale purple,
conspicuous intramarginal one
petiole about in.
;

124. E. insig nis, Thzvaites Enum. 416 young parts covered with white
fugacious down, leaves rather large glabrous oblong acuminate smooth above ribs
channelled paler beneath, primary nerves about 12 prominent anastomosing
near the margin, interspaces smooth, flowers axillary and on the branches few
sessile small, calyx with white hairs or floccose, fruit spherical.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. cxi.
;

Ceylon

Galpara in the Reigam Corle, Thwaites.

low branching tree. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., rather acute at the base petiole
- in. Calyx-lobes in. Petals rather longer than the calyx, ciliate. Fruit clothed
with white hairs or floccose.
;

**

Whole plant nearly glabrous.

t Flowers

sessile.

125. E. decora, Thwaites Enum. 115 ; leaves oblong acuminate rounded

at the base glabrous shining above paler beneath minutely reticulate, flowers
sessile crowded axillary and cauline, berries transversely oblong 2-seeded.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii. ; not of Wall. Cat. 3608.

Ceylon

Galle, at no great elevation, Thwaites, Champion.

Leaves 4-5 by about 2 in. petiole i in.
small tree ; young branches terete.
Flowers white.
Champion's single specimen
Birries red or nearly black, ^ by in.
from Galle has only one flower terminating a lateral branch; the calyx-tube is spa-

(J. F. Duthie.)

lix. myrtacej:.

Eugenia."]

505
and

ringly clothed with adpressed hairs, the lobes large unequal rounded
and ciliate at the edges.

ciliate,

the

jpetioles are glandular

ft Flower 8 pedicelled.
126.

E. amoena,

Thicaites

Enum. 114

leaves sessile ovate-lanceolate acu-

minate cordate

at the base or subamplexicaul glabrous coriaceous, flowers often

terminal subfasciculate, pedicels much shorter than the leaves. Bedd. Fl. Sylv.

Anal. Gen.

E. Mooniana, Wight, var.

cxi.

Ceylon, Kokool Corle and Delosbage

/3.,

Thwaites

Enum.

up to 1500
Leaves 2-6 by l-2 in.

114.

Thwaites.
small tree; branchlets terete.
nerves inconspicuous
above, more prominent beneath and uniting in a distinct marginal nerve with often a
seco nd fainter one nearer the edge. Pedicels \-^ in. Bracts ovate, acute. Petals 4,
oblong, white, about \ in. in length, longer than the roundish calyx-lobes. Some of
Mr. Thwaites' specimens, and which he considers to be merely a state of this species,
liave the leaves much thinner, broader at the base, and with rather different nervation,
the pedicels are shorter, and the calyx-lobes sometimes acute.

District,

ft.,
;

E.

Mooniana,

Wight El. ii. 13 Ic. ii. 551 not of Gardner in

352 (1843) shrubby, glabrous or the young shoots
puberulous, leaves short-petioled ovate acuminate tapering at the base, peduncles
axillary solitary or 2 together 1-flowered, flowers small, calyx-tube ventricose
oblong, lobes 4 reflexed pointed, fruit globose or oblong size of cherry.
Thwaites Enum. 114 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex.
127.

Hook. Journ. of Bat.

ii.

Nilghibi Hills, Hb. Hohenacker

Sevaghebry Hills,
Wight Concan, Stocks Ceylon, up to 4000 ft., Thwaites.
A most variable species in the shape of the leaves and the length of the petioles
and flower-stalks. Leaves l|-2by |-1 in. acumen shortand obtuse, or prolonged to
a fine point. Pedicels about in., axillary or from the old wood below. It approaches
E. uniflora, but the leaves are thicker and the pedicels are less slender. Col. Beddome says (1. c.) "I have another species allied to this which may prove to be new

Wight

Courtallum,

(specimens imperfect) the peduncles are several-flowered."

Vab. gracilis leaves longer, fruit oblong. E. gracilis, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxv. 217 Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. Anamallay Hills.
;

uniflora, Linn.; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 441 leaves nearly sessile ovate
sublanceolate glabrous rather thin and pellucid-punctate, pedicels axillary usually
solitary and 1-flowered shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes 4 reflexed, berries
globose, torulose. E. Willdenowii, DC. Prodr. iii. 265; Sprcng. Syst. ii. 480
(Myrtus) Wall. Cat. 3623. Syzyg. Michelii, Lam. Diet. iii. 203 DC. Prodr. iii.
263. Myrtus braziliana, Linn. Sp. PI. 471. Plinia rubra, Linn. Mant. 243. P.
pedunculata, Linn.f. Suppl. 253. E. zeylanica, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 963.
native of S. America, becoming naturalised in^Ceylqn and parts of India.
Vab. subcordata; leaves slightly cordate at the base.
W. $ A. Prodr. i. 331
E.-

Wight

III.

ii.

13.

128. E. mabaeoides, Wight III. ii. 13 shrubby, leaves short-petioled

obovate-spathulate rigid glabrous shining above densely glandular, flowers on
short pedicels axillary solitary or clustered on leafless branches, calyx-tube
Thwaites Enum.
ventricose, limb 4-parted, berry spherical size of small cherry.
114 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxi.
;

Ceylon

shrub

Central Provinces 4-7000 ft. alt., Moon, Gardner, Thwaites.

much branched. Leaves resembling those of Maba buccifolia, \-2 by

^-Uin.
129.
its parts,

E. microphylla, Bedd.

Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex.

glabrous in

young branches angled and winged, leaves opposite occasionally

all

alter-

506

(J. F. Dnthie.)

lix. myrtaceje.

[Eugenia.

nate thickly coriaceous linear obtuse nerves inconspicuous, peduncles axillary

solitary shorter than the leaves 1-flowered, fruit size of large grain of pepper.

Banks of rivers, Asamboo Hills, Tbavancobe, 4-5000 ft. alt.

A small tree, much branched and very dense. Leaves -^ by - in., bright red,,
quite glabrous when young, prominently black-dotted petiole 1 in. I have seen no-

specimens.

130. 22. Thwaitesii, Duthie ; young parts pilose, leaves shortly petioled
firm ovate obtuse rather abruptly acuminate subacute at the base, pedicels axillary fasciculate twice as long as the petioles, flowers small, berry spherical glabrous shining. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii. E. concinna, Thwaites Enum.
416 ; not of Phil, in Linncea xxviii. 640 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. cxii.
;

Ceylon,

Ambagamowa

District, Thwaites.

Leaves sparingly pilose, at length glabrous, 3-5 bybranchlets terete.

Pedicels about in. or more.
petiole nearly in.
Calyx-lobes unequal.
Petals ciliate, downy outside. Berries red, about | in. in diameter.

l$-2&

tree
in.

amp

131. ZS. singattiana, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 65. t. 273; leaves
ovate or ovate-oblong retuse or subacute subcordate at the base coriaceous deep
green above very pale beneath quite glabrous, flowers white in very short terminal crowded racemes, calyx and bracts slightly pubescent.

Singampatty Hills, Tinnevelly Ghats, moist forests, alt. 3000 ft., Btddome.
A small dense tree. Leaves about 3 by 1^-2 in. primary nerves numerous,
forming a continuous looping one near the margin. Flowers about in. across.
;

Petals prominently nerved.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED

SPECIES.

E. cabtophyllata, Willd. (the Clove-tree) is a native of the Molucca Islands,

and not indigenous in India.
E. sp. (No. 2420 of Griffith's Herbarium) is too imperfect for description.
E. pulchella, Boxb. is a native of the Molucca Islands.
E. wynaadensis, Bedd. in Mad. Lit. Soc. Journ. ex Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 35, t. 161 ; Fl.
Sylv. Anal. Gen. ex. young parts and inflorescence densely fulvo-tomentose, leaves
oblong-lanceolate with a long blunt acumen quite glabrous on both surfaces when
old, peduncles supra -axillary, calyx-lobes lanceolate acuminate a little longer than
the corolla, bracts 2 linear much longer than the flowers, stamens inserted round
the edge of the disk, ovary 2-celled, ovules pendulous from the apex about 4 in each
;

cell.

Western Peninsula

Wynaad,

alt.

2-3000

ft.,

Beddome.

A small tree or shrub.

Leaves 3-3^ by 1-1^ in., rather thin lateral nerves indistinct above, slender beneath and uniting into a continuous one within the margin;,
petiole - in.
Peduncles \ in. Fruit?. This is probably, as Col. Beddome suggests, the type of a new genus intermediate between Pimenta and Eugenia.
Thematerials at my disposal are too incomplete for the preparation of a proper generic
description.
The above is compiled from Col. Beddome's description of the plant.
;

Sttbteibe

BARRINGTONIEJE.
9.

(By C. B. Clarke.)

BARRINGTONIA, Forst.

Trees. Leaves alternate, crowded towards the ends of the branches, entire or
slightly crenate-serrate, pinnate-nerved, not dotted.
Flowers in elongated terminal and lateral racemes, less often in interrupted spikes ; bracts small, deci-


Barringtonia.']

lix.

;;

myrtacej: (barringtonie2E by C. B. Clarke.)

507

Calyx-tube scarcely produced above the ovary lobes 2-4 valvate, or

Petals 4, rarely 5, much imbricate, 'somewhat adnate at the
base to the staminal tube. Stamens very many, in several series, connate shortly
Ovary
into a tube at the base filaments filiform, long, all bearing anthers.
style long, simple, stigma
inferior, 2-4-celled, crowned with an annular disc
small ; ovules 2-8 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit fibrous or somewhat berried,
globose ellipsoid or quadrangular, crowned with the calyx, by abortion 1-seeded.
Seed ovoid or ellipsoid, without albumen embryo large, exhibiting two layers,
in tropical Asia, Africa,
cotyledons nearly obsolete. Distrib. Species 20
Australia and Polynesia, often near the sea.

duous.

3-5 imbricate.

Sect. Butonica, Juss. (gen.).

Calyx valvate, 2-3- (rarely
(Barringtonia, Agasta and Butonica of Miers).
*

4-) lobed.

Leaves entire.

B. speciosa,

Forst. Char. Gen. PI. 76, t. 38; leaves large obovate,

Linn. f. Suppl. 312 DC. Prodr. iii. 288 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
636 Wall. Cat. 3632, excl. B. ; Plume Bijd. 1096 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 333
Wight It: t. 547 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 485 Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Kurz For. Fl. i. 496. B. asiatica, Kurz in Journ. As.
se?: ii. Bot. i. 56, t. 10
B. ? macrophylla, Miq. I. c. 491.
Mammea asiatica,
Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 70.
Linn. Sp. PL 731. Agasta splendida, asiatica and indica, Miers I. c. pp. 60-64,
1.

petals

2-2

in.

tt.

11, 12.

Ceylon, Thwaites (Southern Deccan Peninsula probably not wild ex Beddome)

T. Anderson
on sea-coasts. Distrib. The shores of
Malaya, Australia and Polynesia.
Tree 30-50 ft., glabrous. Leaves often 15 by 7 in., obtuse, narrowed at the base,
quite entire, sessile. Raceme short, erect lower pedicels with a leaf-like bract,
upper bracts much smaller. Calyx closed over the bud; lobes 2, \\ in., oblong.
Ovary 4-celled ovules about 6 in each cell. Style often exceeding
Petals white.
4 in. Fruit 3 by 3 in., quadrangular or nearly ovoid, by abortion 1-seeded. Mr.
Miers founds a second genus on a drawing of Forster which represents the fruit as 4celled.
But the drawing appears to be taken from the fruit of B. speciosa, the very
anomalous embryo having misled Forster to sketch in faintly four septa.

Andamans, Kurz; Sincapohe,

** Leaves crenate-denticulate.

DC

Prodr. iii. 288; racemes pendulous pediB. racemosa, Blume

|| in., calyx-tube in the bud broadly funnel-shaped segments 2-3, fruit ovoid.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 634; Wall. Cat. 3634; W. fy A. Prodr. 333; Wight Ic. t.
Dak. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 94 Kurz
152, including fruit Bot. Mag. t. 3831
For. Fl. i. 496. B. speciosa, Wall. Cat. 3632 B. B. alba and rubra, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 487. Eugenia racemosa, Linn. Sp. PI. 673. Stravadium
album and rubrum, DC. Prodr. iii. 289. Butonica racemosa and alba, Miers in
Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 65, 66, t. 13, fig. 1-17. B. rubra and inclyta,
Miers 1. c. pp. 70, 71, t. 14, fig. 1-3, 19.Rheede Hart. Mai. iv. t. 6.
"2.

cels

On sea-coasts. Concan; Stocks. Quilon, Wight No. 1064. From the Soondehbvn to Malacca Wallich, Kurz, Griffith, Maingay. Andamans Kurz. Distrib,
Malaya and Polynesia.
;

An evergreen tree attaining 50 ft., glabrous. Leaves 10 by 3 in., cuneate-oblong,

lightly crenate-denticulate ; petiole - in.
Racemes 12-18 in., pendulous, flowers
distant, pedicels |- in.
Calyx-lobes in., ovate.
Fruit If by
Style often l in.
1

in.,

ovoid, obscurely quadrangular below

when

quite ripe

in ripening attaining


myrtace.e (barringtonie^e by C. B. Clarke.)

508

Lix.

nearly

its full

ellipsoid

length before one-third its full breadth

exocarp very thick, fibrous.

[Barringtonia.

in Maingay's examples nearly

racemes pendulous pedicels -| in., calyx3. B. ceylanica, Gardn. MS.

tube in the bud broadly funnel-shaped segments 4 at first rounded rather than
ovate.
B. racemosa var. /3., Thivaites Enum. 119. Butonica ceylanica, Miers
in. Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 77.
;

Ceylon, south of the island abundant Thwaites.

Treated by Mr. Thwaites as a var. of B. racemosa, and after specific separation by
Miers I.e. reduced to B. racemosa again by Kurz in Journ. As Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 70.
Butonica intermedia, Miers I. c. from New Caledonia differs by calyx-lobes 2-3, ovate.
;

4. B. conoidea, Griff. Notul 656, Ic. 635, 636 fig. 1 racemes suberect,
calyx-tube in the bud campanulate somewhat urn-shaped, fruit ovoid with 8
wing-like descending^processes from the base. Kurz For. Fl. i. 497. B. alata,
Wall. Cat. 3633.
Butonica alata, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i.
70, t. 14, fig. 10-15.
;

Mouxmein

Wallich.
Coast forests of Tenasseeim ; Kurz. Malacca Griffith.
evergreen shrub or small tree (Kurz), glabrous.
Leaves 7 by 2| in., oblong,
narrowed downwards, at the very base cordate, crenulate-serrulate or nearly entire
petiole in., thick.
Raceme 4 in., lax, but erect pedicels -f in., glabrous (or somewhat puberulous, Kurz). Calyx-tube broad at the base, .the 8 descending processes
often manifest in the bud as figured by Griffith.
Calyx-lobes usually 2, | in., ovate.
Petals and style as in B. racemosa.
Fruit 1^ by 1 in., conically ovoid, broadest at the
very base and there 8-winged wings produced downwards in 8 semi-cordate processes.
Mr. Miers 1. c. has asserted that Griffith's figures are mixed, and that part of
them refer really to B. alba, Miers but Kurz has rectified this in Journ. As. Soc.
Griffith's figures agree more closely with the material than do
1877, pt. ii. 70.
;

An

Miers's.

Sect. Stravadium, Juss. (gen.). Calyx lightly imbricate, 3-5- (usually

4-) lobed.
(Stravadium and Doxomma of Miers).
*
5.

Ovary

2-cetted,

than |

in.

Gaertn. Fruct.

ii.

whole calyx

B. acutangula,

less

(Stravadium, Miers).
97,

t.

101

leaves short-petioled

cuneate-elliptic, racemes elongate pendulous, fruit quadrangular oblong equally

narrowed towards and subtruncate at each end. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 635
W. $
A. Prodr. 333 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 488 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 95;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 204 Brand. For. Fl. 235 Kurz. For. Fl. i. 497. Eugenia
acutangula, Linn. Sp. PI. 673. Stravadium acutangulum, Miers in Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 80. S. rubrum, Wall. Cat. 3635. S. obtusangulum,demissum,
Rheedii, globosum, Miers 1. c. pp. 81, 82, 86 with syn., and probably (from the
descriptions) several others of which examples authenticated by Mr. Miers have
not been seen. Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 7.
;

Throughout India from the Himalaya to Ceylon and Sincapobe very common
no tree is more plentiful in the plain of Bengal. Distbib. Malaya and North-West
Australia (if Stravadium gracile Miers be considered the same species as by Bth. Fl.

Austral,

iii.

288).

Attaining 30-40 ft., glabrous.

Leaves 5 by 2 in., minutely denticulate-crenate v
narrowed into the petiole -% ' n
Racemes often 1 foot, glabrous, rachis not succulent; pedicels 0-^ in.
Calyx-tube in the bud very short, funnel-shaped lobes in.,
roundish, not longer on the fruit.
Petals \ in., pink.
Filaments long, usually red.
"
Fruit l-lji by
^-f in., broadest in the middle, angles broad, rounded. "Indian Oak
of the English denizens.
-

Barringtonia.~\

lix.

myrtace^ (barringtoniejE by C. B. Clarke.)

509

Var. pubesccns, sp. Miers, I. c 83 (Stravadium) ; leaves pubescent on the nerves

beneath, racemes and pedicels often more or less pubescent. Deccan Peninsula;
frequent.
** Ovary ^-celled, whole calyx more than
in.

f Petiole short usually

less

than %

(Doxomma,

Miers).

in.

B. augusta, Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 233 ; For. Fl. i.

498 ; leaves cuneate-obovate, flowers sessile, calyx-tube in the bud acutely 4winged.
Stravadium augustum, Wall. Cat. 3637.
Doxomma angustatum,
Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 105, excl. quotations of Jack and
D. magnificum, Miers I. c. 106.
Heifer.
6.

Moulmein and Tavoy

Parish. Amherst
Wallich.
Tenasserim Kurz.
evergreen tree 30-50 ft. Leaves 14 by 7 in., narrowed to the base, minutely
serrulate or nearly entire, glabrous petiole \ in.
Eaceine sometimes 3 ft., always
elongate with a thick rachis, pendulous bract to each flower in., ovate or lanceolate, caducous.
Calyx total length \ in., minutely white-tomentose. Petals f in.,
ovate, white (Parish).
Fruit (half-ripe) 1 in., ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid, quadrangular, wings 4, narrow.
;

An

7. B. Heifer i, C. B. Clarke
leaves linear-oblong, pedicels \ in., calyxtube in the bud funnel-shaped. Doxomma angustatum, Miers in Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 105, partly.
;

Tenassertm and Andamans ; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2426).

Leaves 20 by 4 in., narrowed to the base, minutely serrulate or nearly entire, glabrous petiole \ in. Raceme exceeding 1 ft., pendulous, glabrous or minutely puberulous.
Calyx total length A in., obscurely puberulous tube in the bud terete or very
obscurely quadrangular whereas in B. augusta (to which Heifer's plant is referred by
Miers) the wings are broad sinuous even in the bud.
;

tt Petiole

long, usually

more tKan

in.

B. pterocarpa, Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt. 234; For. Fl.

leaves obovate-lanceolate petiole often 1 in., spike 20 in. pendulous,
flowers sessile, calyx-tube in the bud 4-winged.
[The syn. D. magnificum
Miers, quoted by Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 70, does not belong.]
8.

i.

498

Pegu and Martaban

to Tenasserim Kurz No. 3021.

evergreen tree, 30-50 ft., glabrous.
Leaves 10 by 3| in. (attain 16 in. ex
Kurz), acute, attenuated at the base, minutely serrulate or nearly entire. Rachis of
spike thick, glabrous or obscurely puberulous.
Calyx total length f in., tube obscurely puberulous, distinctly 4-winged in the bud but much less so than in B. augusta.
Fruit (ex Kurz) 2 in. oblong, quadrangular, angles with narrow but thick
wings, fibrous-fleshy. This seems very near B. augusta, as Mr. Kurz states.
;

An

B. macrostachya, Kurz For. Fl. i. 498, including B. pendula Kurz

leaves lanceolate petiole 1-3 in., spike 20 in. pendulous, flowers sessile, calyxtube in the bud quadrangular or nearly terete. B. cylindrostachya, Griff. Notul.
iv. 655.
B. sarcostachys, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 490. Stravadium acumiC.
natum, Wall. Cat. 3636. Careya macrostachya, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 47.
pendula, Griff. Notul. iv. 661.
Doxomma pendulum, cylindrostachya, acuminatum, sarcostachys and macrostachyum, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii.
9.

I.

c.

Bot.

i.

99, 100, 102, 104,

Mergui
trib.

Malaya

t.

15,

fig.

9-15.

Wallich, Griffith, Parish.

to Borneo.

Malacca

Griffith,

Maingay No. 763. Dis-


510

lix.

mtrtace^ (BAERiNGTONiEiE by C. B. Clarke.)

;;

[Barringtonia.

An evergreen glabrous tree 30-40 ft. Leaves 12 by S\ in., much narrowed at

either end, minutely crenulate-dentate petiole longer than in the other species and
dilated at the base.
Spike with thickened rachis, glabrous or scarcely puberulous
Calyx total length f-1 in., tube quadrangular, not
bracts subulate, small, caducous.
winged in the bud. Petals high red, filaments white. Fruit 2 by l in., ellipsoid,
equally tapering to each end, roundish but with 4 distinct ribs. Kurz has reduced
all the synonyms above except Careya pendula of Griffith, of which he appears to
have possessed no example and which he supposed to differ by having the flowers
pedicelled.
But in Griffith's Careya pendula the flowers are sessile or subsessile, and
it does not appear to differ in any way from Barringtonia macrostachya.
;

10. B. rig'ida, C. B. Clarke ; leaves long-petioled lanceolate, spikes 2-3 in.

Doxomma rigidum, Mien in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser.
rigid erect sub-tomentose.
ii.

Bot.

i.

104.

Malacca

Maingay, No. 767.

Leaves 1 2 by 3 in., glabrous, acute at each end, entire or very nearly so petiole
\\ in., not dilated at the base. Spikes from axils not close to the end of the branches,
rusty brown. Fruits |- by \ in., sessile, approximated, erect, with 4 obtuse angles,
nearly equally wide their whole length, subtruncate at apex and base, fibrous.
This
species is quite unlike all others of the section the fruits are more like those of sect.
Stravadium, but Miers has satisfied himself that they contain 3 abortive cells flowers
;

unknown.

10.

CAREYA,

itorfc.

Trees or very small shrubs. Leaves alternate, crowded towards the ends of
the branches, membranous, slightly crenate-serrate, pinnate-nerved, not dotted,
narrowed at the base, sessile or petioled. Flowers large, in racemes or inCalyx-tube campanulate or funnel-shaped, hardly -produced
terrupted spikes.
Petals 4, imbricate.
Stamens very
above the ovary lobes 4, ovate, imbricate.
many, in several series, slightly connate at the base filaments filiform, innermost and outermost without anthers. Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled, crowned by
an annular disc ; style long, simple, stigma small ; ovules very many on axile
Fruit large, globose, fibrous,
vertical placentas, in two rows in each cell.
crowned with the calyx dissepiment absorbed or obscure. Seeds nmnerous,
embryo large, cotyledons obsolete. Dislying in pulp, ellipsoid albumen
tkib. Species 3 ; confined to India.
;

1. C. herbacea, Roxb. Cor. PL iii. 13, t. 217; Fl. Lnd. ii. 638; a smajl
undershrub, leaves cuneate-oblong or obovate serrulate. DC. Prodr. iii. 295
Wall. Cat. 3638 ; Wight Ic. t. 557 Brand. For. FL 237 Kurz For. Fl. i. 499 ;
Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 96.
;

Terai of the Himalaya and Khasia Mts., alt 0-1000 ft. from KrMAON to Chitextending throughout dry jungles in the plain of Bengal not rare especially in sun-grass Terai jungles annually burnt in the dry season.
herbaceous leafy flowering shoots 6-8 in. Leaves
Rootstock woody, perennial
7 by 2\ in., obtuse, long attenuate at the base, glabrous or obscurely puberulous
petiole 0-1 in. Flowers 1-2 rarely several on each shoot, terminal
peduncles | 1^-in.
grey puberulo-pubescent bracts 2, ^-| in., linear, at the base of the calyx flower
subarticulated within the bracts. Calyx total length f in. ; tube campanulate, terete
Petals l-ll in., greenish-purple, elliptic.
lobes ovate, obtuse.
Fruit 1-1 in. diam.,
globose, crowned by the persistent calyx and often by the style.
Careya herbacea,
Griff. Notul. iv. 660 is a confused description only partly referring to the present
plant perhaps mixed in the editing, as Miers suggests.
;

tagong

-Careya.]

lix.

myrtace^ (barringtonie^ by C. B. Clarke.)

511

2. C. arborea, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. 14, t. 218 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 638 ; a tree, leaves
obovate or oblong, spikes about 3-flowered, petals obtuse. DC. Prodr. iii. 295 ;
Wall. Cat. 3640; W. $ A. Prodr. 334; Wight. IU. 99, 100; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 95 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 205 : Brand. For. Fl. 236 ; Kurz For. FL i.
499 ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 97. Rheede Hort. Mai. iii. 36.

Throughout India, alt. 0-4000

no example from Ceylon.

serim

ft.

from the Himalaya

to

Travancore and Tenas-

Attaining' 30-60

ft.
Leaves 12 by 6 in., oblong or orbicular, obtuse or shortly
acuminate, narrowed at the base, crenate-denticulate, glabrous petiole 0-1 in. Spikes
3-8 in. ; flowers usually few, sessile ; bracts 3, unequal.
Calyx total length f-1 in.,
;

campanulate, obscurely pubescent lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals If in., white,

elliptic.
Filaments red. Ovules in two rows in each cell of the ovary {Kurz). Fruit
2 by 2 in., globose, surmounted by an enlarged mouth having a depressed pit at the
vertex within the calyx-teeth.
Seeds - in., ellipsoid. Dissepiments of the fruit
permanent, at least sometimes. C. orbiculata, Miers I. c. i. 98 1. 16, fig. 6-8 (founded
on Griffith's example Kew Distrib. No. 2428 collected at Mergui) has the ovary slightly
verrucose, apparently from the attack of some insect.
terete,

3. C. sphaerica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 636 ; a tree, leaves obovate or orbicular,
spikes many-flowered, petals acute white.
Wall. Cat. 3639 Wight Ic. t. 147,
556 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 500 ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 97, t. 16,
;

fig.

9-15.

Mountains of Chittagong, Roxburgh.

This is very doubtfully separable from the preceding species Roxburgh says that
in each cell of the ovary the ovules are in six rows (not in two as in C. arborea). Mr.
Kurz does not appear to have seen the tree, and closely follows Roxburgh. Neither
Col. Beddome nor C. B. Clarke have ever distinguished C. spheerica alive.
Mr. Miers
has set aside in the herbarium (as C. sph&rica) examples collected as C. arborea by
Wallich, Rottler, Ritchie and J. D. H., so that none of these could have distinguished
:

the tree in the

field.

11.

PLANCHONIA, Blume.

Leaves alternate, crowded towards the ends of the branches, memTrees.

Racemes short, terminal
branous, crenulate, pinnate-nerved, without dots.
Calyx-tube turbinate, scarcely produced
flowers greenish-yellow or white.
above the ovary ; lobes 4, imbricate. Petals 4, imbricate. Stamens very many,
in several series, slightly connate at the base, innermost without anthers.
Ovary inferior, 3-4-celled, crowned by an annular disc ; style long, simple,
Fruit (ex Miers and Kurz) large,
stigma, small ; ovules many in each cell.
Seeds several, ellipsoid, lying
3-1-celled, fibrous, ovoid, crowned by the calyx.
in pulp
albumen ; embryo horseshoe-shaped, cotyledons short. Distrib.
Species 2, extending from the Andamans to Australia.
;

1. P. littoralis, Van Houtte in Fl. des Serres vii. 25

glabrous, leaves
obovate-oblong, flowers greenish on very short thick pedicels.
Miers in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. ii. Bot. i. 94 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 500. P. littoralis, Miers I. c. Pirigarda valida, Blume Bijd. 1096. Gustavia valida, DC. Prodr. iii. 290 Hassk.
in Flora, 1844, 595.
;

Andamans,

in the evergreen coast-forests

Kurz.
evergreen tree 40-60 ft. Leaves 7 by 3^ in., obtuse or scarcely acute, much
narrowed at the base, denticulate petiole |-^ in. Raceme short, terminal flowers
middle-sized. Calyx-tube \ in., top-shaped, obsoletely 8-angled segments \ in., ovate,
rounded. Petals 1 in., obtuse, reflexed. Filaments 1^ in., purple. (Description
chiefly copied from Kurz).
;

An


512

lx. melastomaceje.

(C. B. Clarke.)

DOUBTFUL GENUS.
Epimel Bot. 211, a genus supposed by Kurz to come next
Planchonia, has opposite leaves and branches, and is probably stipulate (from Presl's
description) at all events it cannot be allied to Planchonia.

Lencymmaea,

Presl.

Order LX.

MELASTOMACEX.

(By C. B. Clarke.)

Herbs or shrubs, more rarely trees, sometimes climbers. Leaves opposite or rarely
whorled, generally petioled, entire or nearly so, often palmately 3-5-7-nerved from
near the base to the apex (usually pinnate-veined in Memecylori) stipules 0.
Flowers spiked panicled or corymbed, rarely solitary or clustered, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube united by vertical walls to the ovary, rarely nearly free ;
limb usually 4-5- (sometimes 3- or 6-) lobed, sometimes truncate, rarely falling off
Petals as many as the calyx-lobes, contorted in the bud, on the marin a cap.
gin of the calyx-limb. Stamens as many or more than (frequently twice as many
alternate stamens often shorter sometimes
as) the petals, inserted with them
rudimentary, filaments bent inwards in the bud anthers opening at the summit
by one or two pores, rarely by slits down the face ; connective often appendaged
Ovary 4-5- (rarely 3- or 6-)
near the base by bristles tubercles or a spur.
style simple, filiform, rarely short ovules very
celled (in Memecylon 1-celled)
many (except in Memecylon) placentas in the Melastomece axile, in the AstroFruit included in the calyx-tube,,
niece parietal, in Memecylon free central.
capsular or berried, breaking up irregularly or by slits through the top of its
Seeds minute, very many (in Memecylon one only)
albumen
cotycells.
ledons short (or in some of the Memecylece long thin convolute). Distrib. Spevery many in America, many in
cies 1800, tropical with a few subtropical
south-east Asia, a few in Africa and Polynesia.
;

Suborder 1. Melastomeae. Ovary 3-6- (usually 4-5-) celled. Ovules

very many, on placentas radiating from the axis. Seeds very many. Anthers
opening by a single terminal pore (rarely by 2).
Tribe

I.

Osbeckieae.

Seeds curved through half a circle, minutely punc-

tate.

Stamens all alike. Fruit capsular

Stamens all nearly alike. Fruit a berry
Stamens very unequal

1.

Osbeckia.

2.

Otanthera.
Melastoma.

3.

Tribe II. Oxysporeae. Seeds straight, oblong or cuneate, raphe often

Ovary with the vertex usually free conical.
Petals more than 3.,
excurrent.
Fruit capsular.
Inflorescence not scorpioid.
* Inflorescence terminal {see also Ochthocharis).

Panicles broad showy

Large climber. Flowers umbellate
Panicles narrow. Flowers minute

4.
5.

6.

Oxyspora.
Kendrickia.
Aixomorphia.

** Inflorescence axillary, stamens equal, flowers ?ninut&.

Stamens 4
Stamens 10
Stamens 8

8.

Blastus.
Ochthocharis.

9.

Anerincleistus-

7.

Tribe

III.

Sonerileae.

raphe sometimes
Fruit capsular.
Petals 3.
Petals 4.
Petals 4.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomace^;.

Osbechia.']

513

Seeds straight, oblong or cuneate, often angular,

Ovary flattened or depressed at the vertex.

excurrent.

Inflorescence scorpioid

10.

Flowers nearly sessile

Flowers in a long-peduncled head

11.

12.

Sonebila.
Sabcopyeamis.
Phyixagathis.

Seeds straight, cuneate or obovate, often anguConnective often appendaged near the base. Fruit baccate.

Tribe IV. BXedinillese.

lar.

Longer stamens having two long

bristles attached

to the base of the connec-

tive in front.

Martjmia.

Cymes lateral

13.

Panicles terminal

14. Dissochjeta.

** Longer stamens having the connective at base variously appendaged but not
bristles in front.

with two long

Four

vertical plates on tbe ovary

*** Stamens equal or nearly

15.

Anplectbum.

so.

Connective at base without bristles behind

Connective at base with bristles behind

16.

Medintlla.

17.

Pogonantheba.

Suborder

II.

Astronieee.

Ovary 4-5-celled ; ovules very many on

Seeds very many. Anthers short opening by

parietal nearly basal placentas.

Fruit baccate.
filits.

....*....

Calyx-tube smooth. Panicles terminal

Calyx-tube verrucose. Cymes small
Calyx-tube with scales. Flowers solitary or clustered

...

18.

Astbonia.

19.

Ptebnandba.

20. Kibessia.

Suborder III. ZlXemecylese. Ovary 1-celled ; ovules about 9 on a basal

Stamens equal anthers short, opening by pores
short free central placenta.
or short slits. Berry 1-seeded. Leaves usually pinnate-nerved.
;

Stamens 8

21.

'

1.

OS BECK! A,

Memecylon.

Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, mostly erect and setose branches commonly tetragonous.

Leaves opposite or sometimes ternate, entire, subcoriaceous, 3-7-nerved. Flowers
terminal, solitary capitate or panicled, purple mauve or white, often bracteate.
Calyx-tube ovoid, carrying stellate hairs or pectinate scales limb 6- or 4-fid,
usually stellately hairy (in O. aspera and O. Rheedii vnth. simple hairs). Petals
5-4. Stamens 10 or 8, equal or subequal anthers oblong, truncate attenuate or
connective not produced at the base, slightly swollen or with two
beaked
Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled, more or less adherent to the calyx, setose
tubercles.
at the apex style long, simple ovules very numerous on placentas radiating
from the axis. Capsule opening by 4- 5 pores in its free vertex. Seeds very
many, curved through half a circle, covered with minute elevated points. Distrib. An eminently Indian genus 29 out of the 32 species being found in
India, two in Malaya, one in Australia and one Indian species extending also to
;

China and North Australia.

VOL.

II.

LL

514

lx.

(C. B. Clarke.)

melastomace^.

[OsbecJcia.

[With regard to the following generally accepted sections of Osbeckia founded primarily on the 4-fid or 5-fid flowers it should be premised that several Osbeckias which
have the flowers normally 4-fid carry also a few 5-fid flowers on the same plant and
that sometimes a strong plant may produce all or nearly all the flowers 5-fid. This
occurs eminently in 0. crinita and in 0. cupularis.]
;

Sect. I. Amblyanthera.
beaked. Herbs or small shrubs.

Perianth normally 4-merous.

Anthers not

1. O. truncata, Don ms. ; W. fy A. Prodr. 322 hairs on the stem patent,

flowers capitate often with two or four leaves close under the head, bristles on
Wight
the apex of the ovary 16-20, fruit | in. broad 8-ribbed ovoid-oblong.
Ic. t. 375 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53. 0. muralis, Naud. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. Ser. 3. xiv. 56. 0. Leschenaultiana, Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 92. O.
zeylanica, Steud. in Herb. Hohenack. No. 577.
;

Throughout the Deccan Peninsula, alt. 0-4000 ft. extending plentifully to Chota
Nagpore. East Bengal, Mudhopoor C. B. Clarke.
Stems 4-16 in., annual, 4-angled. Leaves 1 in., elliptic, subacute, 3-nerved, hairy
in.
Bracts ovate or oblong, glabrous on
on both surfaces, drying yellow petiole
Calyx-tube and teeth with stalked stellate hairs teeth erect, subpertheir backs.
Capsule occasionally 5-celled.
Petals less than in., purple.
sistent.
Vae. Kurzii plant scarcely 2 in. with very small leaves and flowers, capsule
ovoid ribs altogether obscure. Parasnath Summit, Behar, alt. 4200 ft. Kurz.
;

A*

Prodr. 323; flowers subcapitate

2. O. cupularis, Don ms.; W.
often with two or four leaves close under the head sometimes more lax, bristles
on the apex of the ovary very numerous, fruit rarely less than \ in. broad
obscurely many-ribbed ovoid. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 61 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 55# O. brachystemon, Naud. 1. c. 67 and xiii. t. 7,
f. 1 ; Triana I. c. 63.
O. truncata, Aim. in Hook. Comp. Pot. Mag. ii. 308
Naud. I. c. 57. O. confertiflora, Naud. I. c. 59.
O. Leschenaultiana, Wight Ic.
Thwaites Enum. 104 partly
not of DC. O. Wightiana, Benth. in
t. 996
Wall. Cat. 4074 {not in Wall. Cat. 4060).
;

Mountains of the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula and of Ceylon Wight
No. 1148 and 1095 (and No. 1093 with 4-fid and 5-fid flowers). Mysore; Lobb.
Bababoodun Hills; Law. Nilghiris Hohenacker No. 963 (named O. Leschenaultiana).
(Mergui ? Herb. Griffith). Ceylon Gardner.
Annual and biennial, drying yellow. Stems 8-20 in., tetragonous, glaucous upwards, with simple ascending often closely-adpressed hairs. Leaves 1-2 in., elliptic,
subacute, 3- (or sub- 5-) nerved, hairy on both surfaces; petiole ^-| in. Bracts ovate
or oblong, glabrous on their backs.
Calyx-tube and teeth with stalked stellate hairs ;
;

teeth patent subpersistent.

Petals f-f in., dark-purple or nearly white.
Var. erythrocephala, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 58. O. Leschenaultiana,
Thwaites Enum. 104. Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft.
Thwaites No. 1576 and 284, Gardnerr
Walker. Turns black in drying stem below with deflexed hairs ; stellate hairs
about the inflorescence a rufous-brown fruit sometimes large somewhat glaucous
and slightly produced at the vertex; flowers in this variety seem always 4-fid.
Triana distinguishes (under the name O. cupularis) "Wight's No. 1093 which has
sometimes 5-fid flowers, the stamens 8, 9 or 10, from Wight's No. 1148 which he takes
as O. brachystemon but the two seem identical.
Mr. Thwaites makes but one
Triana arranges the main sections of Osbeckia according as the
.species here.
he thus places O. cupularis in the 5-fid section at a great
flowers are 4-fid or 5-fid
distance from O. brachystemon then he says (under the head of O. Leschenaultiana)
that O. cupularis has 4-fid flowers.
O. Leschenaultiana is the name generally found
in herbaria for this variable species, but Triana is right in saying that DC. meant by
O. Leschenaultiana a very different plant.
;

lx.

Osbechia."]

melastomace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

515

3. O. parvifolia, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 308; stems glabrous or with scattered small hairs, flowers few pedicelled with lanceolate bracts
- in. but not with large floral leaves, fruit \ in. broad ovoid obscurely ribbed.
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 58 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53. (X
Leschenaultiana, Thwaites Enum. p. 104, partly. 0. zeylanica, Bot. Reg. t. 565,

Ceylon, Walker No. 332.

Small, woody, procumbent, with the habit of Thyme. Leaves - in., ovate-subacute, nearly sessile, shortly setose on both surfaces, drying black.
Calyx-tube and
teeth with stalked stellate rufous hairs teeth suberect, subpersistent.
Mr. Thwaites
treats this also as a var. of 0. cupularis, and it has all the appearance of being an
alpine form of that plant.

4. O. Rheedii, Thwaites Enum. p. 104; stiffly shrubby, scabrous, leaves

rigid 3 -nerved harshly scabrous on both surfaces or glabrous above, flowers 1-4
clustered, calyx-tube with adpressed simple hairs, teeth long-lanceolate with
erect simple hairs.

Ceyxon Wight, Walker, Thwaites.

Small, woody, much branched. Leaves 1 in., elliptic or oblong, narrowed at both
Fruit \-\ in. broad, ovoid, truncate.
petiole \ in.
Petals in., pale purple.
;
Mr. Thwaites states the flowers 4-fid, as they are in all the Kew examples Triana
puts the species in his section Asterostoma with 5-fid flowers without explanation.
The plant differs from Asterostoma in the smaller flowers and (what is of more
importance) in the anthers which are truncate at top and altogether those of section
;

ends

Amblyanthera.

G-enuinae. Flowers normally 4-fid, not large.

not produced or produced into a short neck in the fruit.

Calyx campanuAnthers beaked.

Sect. II.
late,

O. chinensis, Linn.

JRoxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 224 leaves broadly oblong or

narrowed at the base, flowers capitate, fruiting calyx-tube with
few (or none) adpressed pectinate scales soon smooth shining. Lour. Fl. Cochinch.
228 DC. JProdr. iii. 141 Bot. Mag. t. 4026 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
53.
O. angustifolia, Bon Prodr. 221 DC. Prodr. iii. 142 Wall. Cat. 4067 PL
As. Bar. t. 251 Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 69. O. japonica, Naud.
I. c. 70.
O. glabrata, Wall. Cat. 4071. O. myrtifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 51.
0. linearis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 51, ivithjig.
Wall. Cat. 4969,pa?-tly Miq. Fl.
Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 519 Naud. 1. c. 70 and xiii. t. 7, fig. 4. O. zeylanica, Naud..
1. c. 71.
O. decora, Wall. Cat. 4070. Tristemma angustifolium, Blume Bijd.
1079 DC. P-odr. iii. 144.
5.

linear suddenly

Himalaya Terai from Rumaon to Bhotan, up to 4000 ft. alt. Abundant in

North and East Bengal including Assam and Khasia and thence to Singapore. Also
in Chota Nagpore, alt 2000-4000 ft.
Distrib. Through China and Malaya to Japan
and North Australia.
branches descending, tetragonous, with adpressed hairs. Leaves comnarrow-oblong, sometimes 6 in., long-linear, in the Parasnath variety elliptic-oblong from a subcordate base, acute' 3-5-nerved, hairy on both surfaces petiole
less than in.
Bracts ovate, on the back glabrous or with a few scattered hairs.
Calyx-teeth, lanceolate, glabrous, not keeled on the back, ciliate on the margin
hairs
at their tips not spreading stellate.
Petals ^ in., mauve. Anthers with a beak about
half their own length. Bristles on the apex of the ovary about 16. Fruit | in. wide
(or much larger in the Parasnath variety), ovoid, with a short neck, often glabrous,
sometimes with few or several bristles, calyx- limb never persistent in the Pegu examples the neck is much prolonged widened at the top. The figure Bot. Mag. t. 4026
rejected by Bentham and Triana, admitted by Naudin, is the true plant: the anther
is drawn too long-beaked for O. octandra to which Triana refers it, and the accompanying text states the anthers to be "longish beaked"; also the plant is stated to
t l 2

Stems 2

monly 2

ft.,

in.,

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. MELAST0MACE2E.

516

[Osbeckia.

have been imported from China "where 0. chinensis is common, 0. octandra unknown.
Triana appears to have rejected the figure because it shows 5 petals the accompany;

Now there are several instances of normally

ing text states the calyx to be 4-5-fid.
but there is no recorded instance
4-fid Osbeckias having some or many 5-fid flowers
of a normally 5-fid Osbeckia producing 4-fid flowers. The Bot. Reg. t. 542 is an inferior figure, but from similar reasoning is probably 0. chinensis also.
;

leaves ovate acute from a

6. O. cap it at a, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4072
broad or cordate base subsessile, flowers capitate, calyx-segments lanceolate
rounded on the back ciliate. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 68 Triana in
;

0. glauea, Naud.

Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53.

1. c.

Osbeckioidea, Grif. Ic. 639.

East Bhotan, Tassangsee, alt. 4500 ft. ex Griffith Journ. Khasia Mts., alt.
4000-5000 ft. plentiful.
A perennial herb 8-20 in., branched from the base branches tetragonous, with
;

adpressed bristles. Leaves 1 in., hairy on both surfaces, 3-9-nerved, nerves deeply
sunk on the upper surface in the dried specimens. Bracts ovate, acute, hairy on the
Calyx-tube sometimes densely covered with clustered bristles, often with pecback.
tinate bristle-bearing scales at the apex only, sometimes even when young altogether
Anthers with a beak more than half their own
Petals ^ in., mauve.
glabrous.
Fruit ovoid, i in. wide, often
Bristles on tile apex of the ovary about 16.
length.
glabrous, sometimes more or less bristle-bearing neck short, calyx-limb never per;

sistent.

O. zeylanica,

Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 300; leaves oblong or elliptic narat both ends, petiole 0-^ in., flowers capitate, calyx-tube with spreading
stellately hairy scales persistent on the fruit.
Pluk. t. 173, f. 4 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind.
7.

rowed

223 Wall. Cat. 4069 W. $ A. Prodr. 322 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
519 ; Thwaites Fnum. p. 104 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53. O. serialis, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 67.
O. debilis, Naud. I. c. 65.
ii.

Deccan Peninsula, Wight No. 1143; Bababoodun

Ceylon Thwaites.

Tropical

Law.

Hills,

Malabar;

Erect, annual, 3-15 in.

branches ascending, tetragonous, with adpressed bristles
or nearly glabrous. Leaves |-1 \ in., hairy on both surfaces. Bracts very narrow.
Calyx-segments keeled on their backs, often setose, ciliate on the margin, with stellate
prominently-spreading bristles at their tips.
Petals in., purple-mauve. Anthers
with a beak more than half their own length. Bristles on the apex of the ovary about
-i
Fruit
in. broad, ovoid-oblong, calyx-limb deciduous.
16.
Var. Helferi neck of fruit more produced upwards with 8 ribs, pectinate scales
on the lower half of the fruit placed in three whorls encircling it horizontally. Tenasserim and Andamans, Heifer. Wallich, No. 4069 partly. O. zeylanica is united
with O. chinensis Linn, by Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 74.
;

Sect. III. Ceramicalyx. Shrubs or stout herbs. Peiiarlh normally

4-merous.
Calyx campanulate produced in fruit into a long or short neck or
altogether truncate. Anthers large, produced into a very long beak.

O. hispidissima, Wight

Ic. t. 1612; stems with reflexed strong

bracts to the pedicels round many extra ones without pedicels,
calyx-segments oblong obtuse glabrous on the back strongly ciliate. Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 53.
8.

bristles

in.,

Mysore Wostara, Cleghom. Deccan Peninsula; Munda

Eani, Wight No. 1100.

branches stout, tetragonal. Leaves 4-6 in., lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, with strong bristles scattered on both surfaces or in one specimen
nearly glabrous, nerves 3 strong and 2-4 faint petiole -f in.
Corymbs about 5flowered
flowers dark crimson (Wight).
Calyx-tube with scattered penicillate
;

Suffruticose, erect

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomace^e.

Osbeckia.']

much

Anthers with a beak

bristle-bearing scales.
two tubercles at the base. Bristles on the

517

longer than half their length, with

apex of the ovary more than 50. Fruit
broad, urn-shaped, entirely without neck scales permanent, calyx-segments

in.

deciduous.

O. stellata,

9.

Wall. Cat. 4062

branches with short adpressed rigid

hairs, calyx-tube most densely covered with stellate white yellow or brown
hairs, teeth stellate hairy, neck of the fruit short or not exceeding half the
length of the fruiting ovary dilated at the top. DC. Prodr. 142 as to var. a. ;

Bot. Reg.

Naud.

in

674 Hook. Exot. Fl. i. t. 37 Don Prodr. 221, partly. 0. crinita,

Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 72 Smith in Wall. Cat. 4062 Kurz in

t.

Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt.

ii.

75.

Melastonia crinita, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

ii.

402.

Himalaya Teeai from Ktjmaon to Bhotan, common; ascending the hills tc

5000 ft. alt. Chittagong Roxburgh. Distbib. Canton.
Shrub 4-6 ft. branches tetragonal.
Leaves 3 in., lanceolate, 5-nerved, with
short hairs on both surfaces or in hot moist valleys glabrous, narrowed or subcordate
Flowers large, rose-purple, clustered or in somewhat close
at the base petiole in.
corymbs bracts ovate, acute, not very hairy on the back. Calyx-tube so densely
clothed with hairs as to have a woolly appearance and texture. Bristles on the apex
of the ovary about 20. Fruit f by in. including the short neck, ovoid-oblong, densely

Don's description of O.

stellata says the flowers are 4-5-fid ; as 5-fid flowers

in our O. stellata but are frequent in our O. crinita, Don probably included under one name both our species. Naudin's descriptions of O. stellata and O.
crinita only differ in assigning the long-necked fruit to O. stellata ; therefore Naudin's
As Triana gives no descriptions or remarks, but quotes
O. stellata is our O. crinita.
both "Wall. Cat. 4062 and Naudin's O. stellata as one species, it cannot be guessed
which of the two forms Triana took as O. stellata. The real distinction between O.
crinita and O. stellata lies in the extreme thick woolliness of the covering of the
calyx-tube in our O. stellata : consequently Sir J. Smith has written on the original
Wall. Cat. 4062 (type spec.) " Osbeckia ? nov. sp. (crinita)." Sir "W. J. Hooker states
(Exot. Fl. 1. c.) that he changed the name from O. crinita to O. stellata and got Don
to accept the name O. stellata. Subsequently Mr. Bentham gave the name O. crinita

woolly.
are not

known

to the next species

which has a

less hairy calyx.

O. crinita, Benth.

in Wall. Cat. 4066; branches with spreading

with many stellate rufous-brown hairs teeth stellate hairy, neck
of the fruit (in Wall. Oat. 4066 typical example not quite ripe) equalling or
exceeding the fruiting ovary much longer than its own breadth. O. stellata,
10.

hairs, calyx-tube

Don

Prodr. 221, partly.

Sc. Nat.

Naud. in Ann.

O. stellata var. 0.,

ser. 3. xiv.

DC.

Prodr.

iii.

142.

O. stellata,

72.

Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 4000-8500 ft., abundant. Khasia Mrs., alt. 3000-6000 ft.
Motilmein, alt. 7000 ft. Parish.
Shrub 4-8 ft., much branched. Leaves 2-4 in., lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
bristly on both surfaces, narrowed or subcordate at the base petiole - in. Flowers
large (generally smaller than those of O. stellata), 4-fid and not infrequently 5-fid,
purple or pure white, in somewhat close corymbs ; bracts ovate, acute, usually very
hairy on the back. Bristles on the apex of the ovary about 20. Fruit f in. including
the neck, ovoid, suddenly narrowed into the cylindric neck, often nearly glabrous. The
bushes of O. crinita at Darjeeling have usually a few 5-fid flowers at the summits of
the branches and there is a large-flowered white variety at 4000 ft. alt. which has
all the flowers 5-fid. O. speciosa, Herb. Hook, (not Don) is a low-level form with spreading hairs on the stem but the stellate hairs of the calyx white or yellow not rufous.
;

11. O. rostrata, Don Prodr. 221; stem quadrangular glabrous or with

scattered patent hairs, corymb compound large, fruit ovoid suddenly narrowed
into a long cylindric neck.
DC. Prodr. iii. 143 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
O. ternifolia, Don Prodr.
xxviii. 53 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 74.

;:

518

(0. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomace.e.

[Osbeckia.

O. pulchella, Wall. Cat. 4059

Wall. Cat. 4058.
221 DC. Prodr. iii. 142
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 73. O. campestris, Wall. Cat. 4063; O.
longicollis, Wall. Cat. 4065.
Melaetonia pulchella, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 403.
;

Melastomacea,

Griff. Ic. 638.

In the swamps at the foot of the Himalaya, from Nipal to Burma abundant in
North and East Bengal including Assam at 500-1000 ft. alt.; and (ex J. D. H.)
ascends the hills to 4000 ft. alt.
Leaves 3-8 in.,
Erect, 4-8 ft., virgate, hardly divided except towards the corymb.
5-nerved, often in whorls of three, broadly lanceolate, glabrous or with long hairs scattered on both surfaces petiole - in. Corymb often with elongated branches bracts
Calyx when young glabrous or somewhat densely
ovate, glabrous or little hairy.
or about 20.
stellate hairy.
Petals rose-purple. Bristles on the apex of the ovary
Fruit in., generally glabrous finally, sometimes with scattered stellate hairs.
species easily recognised by its habitat (Terai- or rice-swamps), its erect undivided
stem and its rose-purple flowers. It varies greatly in hairiness.
Var. 1. pulchella, Benth.
stem leaves calyx and apex of ovary absolutely
;

glabrous.

Var.

2.

Wall.

longicollis,

bristly-hairy on both surfaces,

scattered stellate hairs.

Var.

3.

Burma.

stem with hispid patent scattered bristles, leaves

young calyx somewhat densely stellate-hairy, fruit with

O. marginulata, Wall. Cat. 4064

Sect. IV.

A shrub.

stem and capsule with ascending

hairs.

Anthers without beaks.

Perianth large 4-merous.

12. O. gracilis, JBedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 216 ; erect, slender, nearly
glabrous, leaves 2|-3 in. narrow lanceolate 3-nerved bristle-hairy on both surfaces, petiole f- in., peduncles with 2-3 large flowers, calyx-tube with a few
remote bristles lobes ciliate ended by a bunch of bristles, anthers without beaks.
(Resembling O. longicollis Wallich i.e. O. rostrata above).

Deccan Peninsula Anamallay Mts. alt. 4000 ft., Col. Beddome.

This species (only known from Col. Beddome's description here copied)
;

by Triana {Trans. Linn.

is

referred

Soc. xxviii. 54) to his section Ceramicalyx, which has very

Col. Beddome's plant seems really nearer O. octandra DC.

long beaks to the anthers.

below.

Sect. V. Asterostoma.
attenuate upwards not beaked.

Shrubs.

Perianth large 5-merous.

Anthers

[The series of species following from No. 12 to No. 19 inclusive is quite unbroken
the flowers, anthers, fruit and hairs on the ovary are much the same in all. The species are separated by minute or trifling characters only
Triana makes more than the
following eight, Thwaites less, out of the same material.]
;

Am.

13. O. buxifolia,
in Hook.
subsessile ovate obtuse 3- 5-nerved rufous

Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309; leaves in.

woolly beneath nearly glabrous striolate

above, calyx-teeth \-^ in. long-lanceolate acute rufous-villous without. Naud. in

Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 63 ; Thwaites Enum. p. 105 ; Triana in Trans. Linn.
JSoc. xxviii.

54.

Ceylon, alt. 6000-8000 ft.

Walker, Gardner, Thwaites.
Small, woody, branched branches and innovations rufous shaggy. Flowers 1-3,
clustered at the end of the branches. Fruit campanulate, truncate, rufous-hairy.
Var. 1. typica; hairs on the calyx-tube with a long stem standing at right
angles to the surface of the tube very stellate.
Var. 2. minor, Thwaites No. 2618 hairs on the calyx-tube simple villous adpressed, flowers smaller than in the type.
;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomace^i.

OsbecJcia.]

519

14. O. aspera, Blume in Flora, 1831, p. 474 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate

or elliptic-acute sparsely hairy on both surfaces or nearly glabrous beneath except
on the nerves, calyx-tube strigose or sparingly clothed with pectinate bristlebearing scales, segments \ in. ovate-oblong obtuse ciliate with a few clustered
W. fy A. Prodr. 323 (excl. syn. 0.
but scarcely stellate bristles on the top.
glauca Benth.) ; Wight Ic. 377 ; Thwaites Enwn. p. 105 (as to var a. and |8.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
only) Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 74
xxviii. 54.
O. Kleinii, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309 Triana I. c. O.
minor, Triana I.e. 55. Melastoma asperum, Linn. DC. Prodr. iii. 145 (omitting syn.).
,

Deccan Peninsula Wight. Ceylon at no great elevation, Thwaites.

woody below branches often elongate, adpressedly scabrous. Leaves
1-2 in. petiole - in. Corymbs usually 3-6-flowered.
Calyx-lobes much longer
than broad. Fruit \-g- in. broad, campanulate, truncate. Triana founded his new
and does not state in what particulars the
sp. 0. minor on Mr. Thwaites' No. 1569
species differs from 0. aspera, 0. Kleinii and 0. glauca but they must be very
;

A low shrub,

minute.

Var. 1. typica; no stellate hairs on the calyx.

Var. 2. Kleinii several or very few stellate hairs on the calyx-tube, hairs at the
summits of calyx-lobes clustered but hardly stellate.
;

15. O. glauca, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4073 ; leaves elliptic narrowed or

obtuse at either end softly hairy on both surfaces, calyx-tube with scattered
small stellate hairs teeth
in. obtuse glabrous on the back ciliate with one
stellate hair at the summit. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54. 0. aspera,
Bot. Mag. 5085.

Trincomalee, Travancore, Quelon are the

localities

on the examples of Wall.

Cat. 4073.

Small, woody, branching ; branches adpressedly hairy, glaucous upwards. Leaves

1-1 in. ; petiole -i in.
Calyx-lobes much broader than long.
Fruit - in. broad,
campanulate, truncate. With larger flowers and more silky hairs than 0. aspera.

16. O. Walker i, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309; leaves elliptic
narrowed at both ends margins not recurved hairy on both surfaces, calyxtube adpressedly fulvous-hairy teeth narrowly lanceolate or linear uniformly
Thwaites Enum. p. 105
fulvous-hairy without cilia or stellate hairs.
Triana
;

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54, excl. var.

/3.

Bechetii.

alt. 6000-8000 ft.; Walker, Gardner, Thwaites No. 1571.

shrub branches hispid. Leaves 1 in., 3-nerved petiole ^ in. Flowers
Fruit
1-3, in terminal clusters. Calyx-tube witto small clustered substellate hairs.
^-f in. broad, campanulate, truncate. This species is close to O. buxifolia, Arn.
from which it differs by the petioled leaves without recurved margins, and by the
adpressed hairs on calyx-tube. But Thwaites' specimen No 2618 has leaves with
recurved margins and adpressed hairs on the calyx-tube and is called 0. buxifolia
&. minor by Thwaites, O. Walkeri . Bechetii by Triana.

Ceylon;

A small

17. O. Wigrhtiana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4060 silkily hairy towards the
ends of the branches, leaves 5-7- nerved softly hairy on both surfaces elliptic or
oblong usually acute, flowers 1-5 clustered, calyx-tube densely covered with
;

pectinate scales fringed by long bristles, teeth \ in. ovate-oblong obtuse covered
W. 8f A. Prodr. 323 Wight Lc.
with simple or somewhat clustered hairs.
998 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 63 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 54.
;

Deccan Peninsula, Southern Mountains.

{No. 1570 var. 5.).

Ceylon,

alt.

3000-5000

ft.,

Thwaites

520

lx. MELASTOMACE.3E.

[OsbecMa.

(C. B. Clarke.)

branched shrub. Leaves l-3 in. ; petiole -J in. Fruit | in. wide, campanulate, truncate.
United by Mr. Thwaites with 0. aspera above, from which it differs
by the more pectinate-scaly calyx, and hardly by any other character.

18. O. Leschenaultiana, DC. Prodr. iii. 142; flowers 1-5 clustered

with much rufous hair, leaves subsessile ovate obtuse or elliptic acute usually
somewhat rounded at the base, calyx-tube densely clothed with stalked stellate
Triana in Trans,
rufous hairs teeth \ in. oblong obtuse with clustered bristles.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54. 0. Gardneriana, Wight Ic. 997.

Nilghibi Mts., alt. 6000-8000 ft., frequent.

A branched shrub stem usually patently hairy. Leaves 11^hairy on both surfaces. Fruit in. wide, campanulate, truncate.
;

in.,

3-5-nerved,

Am.

in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 309 ; branches

19. O. rubicund a,
scabrous-pilose, leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong acute 5-nerved hairy on both
surfaces petiole ^-\ in., flowers 1-5 clustered, calyx-tube densely covered with
stalked stellate hairs teeth lanceolate acute covered with simple and clustered
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 62 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
bristles.
xxviii. 54.

Ceylon: Wight, Walker, Gardner.

A branched

Calyx-teeth
shrub. Leaves 1-2 in., usually rounded at the base.
Triana reduces here O. elliptica,
wide, campanulate, truncate.
Naud. 1. c. : but Naudin says his O. elliptica has short triangular calyx-teeth while
Thwaites
O. rubicunda .only exists as a species upon its lanceolate acute calyx-teeth.
is probably right in referring O. elliptica Naud. to O. cupularis var. erythrocephala

in.

Fruit

in.

above.

branches
20. O. reticulata, JBedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 216
densely clothed with adpressed hairs, leaves ovate acute petioled densely hairy
on both surfaces and also alveolate-reticulate beneath, flowers 1-3 clustered,
calyx-tube with large densely clustered bunches of hairs teeth short oblong obtuse
densely ciliate scabrous and with a large terminal substellate hair. O. alveolata,
Bedd. Ic. t. 168.
;

Deccan Peninsula

A branched
petiole |-1 in.

Anamallay Mts., above 6000

ft. alt.

Col.

Beddome.

Leaves 1-4 in., round or subcordate at the base, 5-9-nerved;

Fruit \ in. broad, campanulate, truncate.

shrub.

21. O. Ittoonii, Thwaites Enum. p. 105; procumbent, rooting from the

nodes, peduncles 1-flowered, calyx-tee^h long-lanceolate acute with stellate
hairs.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 55.

Ceylon

Colombo and Saffragam District somewhat rare, Thwaites.

Stems elongate, roundish, with scattered lax hairs. Leaves 1-3 in., broad- elliptic,
acute, 5-nerved, hairy on both surfaces petiole -f in.
Peduncles ^-l in., solitary
or few and subumbelled, carrying small round or ovate bracts.
Calyx-tube densely
clothed with stalked stellate hairs standing at right angles to the surface. Fruit less
than in. broad, campanulate or somewhat ovoid, truncate.
;

22. O. aspericaulis, Hook. f. ms. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.

55 ; stem erect simple scabrous with short hairs ending in a robust muchbranched corymb, leaves 6 in. petiole 1| in., fruit ovoid truncate distinctly 10*
;

Tenasserim or Andamans, Heifer No. 2244.

Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, rounded at the base, 5-9-nerved, hairy on both surfaces.
Bracts lanceolate, caducous.
Calyx-tube with scattered adpressed simple*


lx. melastomaceji.

Osbechia.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

521

and a few compound hairs near the top, teeth long-lanceolate with simple hairs
vary crowned with many long bristles. Petals in. Fruit in.
on the back.
hairs

O. octandra, DC. Prodr. iii. 142 ex Triana,; branches and brancbwoody, leaves oblong to lanceolate short-petioled 3-nerved sparingly scabrous or quite smooth on the upper surface, flowers scattered or 2-5 shortly
pedicelled, calyx-teeth ovate-oblong, fruit scarcely f in. broad obscurely ribbed
or smooth sometimes with scattered stellate hairs.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 54 excl. nearly all syn.
0. virgata, W. 8f A. Prodr. 323
Thwaites
Enum. p. 105 Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. p. 61. O. polycephala,
Naud. I. c. 67. O. Wightiana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4074.
[Of the figures
quoted by Triana, Bat. Mag. 2235 and Wight Ic. 998 do not refer to the present
plant; Bot. Mag. 4026 has been referred above to O.chinensis; and Wight
Ic. 376 may represent our var. major but does not give any idea of the typical
O. octandra, DC.]
23.

lets

South Deccan Peninsula in and near the mountains plentiful. Ceylon, up ta

3000 ft. alt. Thwaites.
Branches subquadrangular with adpressed hairs, or woody nearly round and glabrous. Leaves (in the typical O. octandra) not more than 1 in. petiole ^ in. Calyx-tube
with scattered stellate hairs, teeth usually ciliate and with one stellate terminal
bristle, sometimes perfectly glabrous.
This typical woody small-leaved shrub appearsvery distinct, but even the small-leaved branches carry sometimes large leaves also ;
and it thus graduates into
Var. major leaves larger often 2 in. frequently hairy on the upper surface often
whitened beneath, heads flowers and fruit larger than in the type. O. virgata, Wight
This variety is confounded by many authors with 0. cupularis but it
Ic. t. 376.
differs in the perianth being more constantly 5-merous, and in its anthers which are
not truncate nor suddenly narrowed into a very short beak, but gradually narrowed
upward. It has also been mixed with 0. aspera, but diners by the ovary having
much fewer bristles on the top.
;

24. O. nutans, Wall. Cat. 4068; leaves narrowly lanceolate 3-nerved

glabrous striolate above scabrous on the nerves beneath, flowers in small clusters, calyx-tube nearly glabrous with pectinate scales between the bases of the
calyx-teeth, calyx-teeth large broad lanceolate glabrous ciliate on margin hairy
at the vertex, fruit often nodding.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 54.

Subtropical Himalaya from Sikkim eastwards, alt. 500-2500 ft., frequent to the
upper end of Assam also on the northern base of the Khasia Mts.
A woody branching small shrub. Leaves commmonly 1| by in. petiole ^ in.
;

Flowers mauve-purple, not very large.

Fruit |

in.

broad, campanulate, truncate.

Wynaadensis,

C.B. Clarke; stems with adpressed short hairsr

25. O.
leaves 5 in. oblong-lanceolar petiole f in., flowers in subterminal corymbs, calyxtube with scattered flat setigerous scales otherwise glabrous teeth large broad-lanceolate glabrous shortly ciliate.
Deccan Peninsula, Wight No. 1099

"Wynaad, alt. 4000 ft.; C. B. Clarice.

;
Leaves 5-nerved, scabrous-hairy on both surfaces. Fruit A in. broad, ovoid, truncate, the free part of the ovary with a ring of short hairs (joined at their base into a
narrow tube) near its top, otherwise glabrous.
26. O. nepalensis, Hook. Fl. Exot. t. 31 ; leaves 3-4 in. elongate oblong-lanceolate 5-nerved softly hairy on both surfaces petiole less than in. r
flowers in small rather close corymbs, calyx-tube with large flat scales fringed
with bristles of which 5 prominently alternate with the calyx-teeth, calyx-teeth
large broad-lanceolate glabrous ciliate. DC. Prodr. iii. 142 ; Wall. Cat. 4061 t
-

522

lx. melastomaceje.

(C. B. Clarke.)

;;

[Osbeckia.

Sot. Reg. 1475 Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 68 and xiii. t. 7, fig. 2
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 55 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 75,
O. Chulesis, Don Prodr. 221 ; DC. Prodr. 143. O. speciosa, Don Prodr. 222.
;

alt.
Subtropical Himalaya from Nepal eastwards and in the Khasia Mts.
ft., abundant.
Distrib. Ava.
hairs.
Bracts
ovate,
glabrous, villous, centre
A shrub branches with adpressed
of the backs villose.
Flowers purple-mauve or white. Fruit f by | in., campanulate,
truncate, scales permanent.
;

0-4000

OTANTKEBA, Blume.

2.

Shrubs. Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, 3-5-nerved. Panicles small, terminal

subterminal.
Calyx-tube ovoid, carrying pectinate scales or simple hairs or
subglabrous teeth 5-6, deciduous. Petals 5-6, obovate. Stamens 10-12, alternate slightly longer ; anthers opening by one pore at the summit, not beaked
connective not produced at the base, augmented by two auricles which are
close to the anthers in the shorter stamens a little removed below them in the
longer.
Ovary half-inferior, apex carrying bristles, 5-6-celled ; style filiform,
simple ovules very numerous, placentas axile, radiating. Fruit a berry. Seeds
very many, curved through half a circle, minutely punctate. Distrib. Specieu
2 or 3, extending from Burma to Singapore, Malaya, the Philippines and North
Australia.

and

Otanthera comes between Osbeckia and Melastoma : the alternate stamens being
auricled at the base exactly on the plan of those in Melastoma, but in a much less
degree.
leaves sparingly
1. O. moluccana, Blume in Flora, 1831, p. 489;
shortly hairy beneath, small panicles of 3-5 flowers terminal and from one or two
of the upper axils, fruit ovoid truncate with scattered shortly-stalked stellate
hairs.
Blume Mus. Bot. p. 56, t. 20 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 353
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 515. O. cyanoides, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxv. 56. Melastoma cyanoides DC. Prodr. iii. 146. M. moluccanum, Blume
Bijd. 1078 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 146. (Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 43 quoted by Triana
may be O. rubro-limbata).
;

Mergtji; Griffith

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2253).

Distrib. Moluccas; Sierra Leone

(Triana).

Stems scabrous. Leaves 2-2 in., elliptic-lanceolate petiole \ in. Bracts ovate,
deciduous. Petals less than \ in., white. Fruit A in. broad.
[O. bracteata, Korth. has the calyx-tube covered with long simple approximated
ascending bristles, the broad bracts on the pedicels several close together subpersistent otherwise it is much like O. moluccana. Kurz in For. Fl. i. 502 and in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 75, says O. bracteata, Korth. is not unfrequent in Tenasserim.
But Griffith's Mergui plant is clearly O. cyanoides Triana as appears from examples
named by Triana's hand, while Kurz quotes Triana for O. bracteata.']
;

2. O. nicobarensis, Teysm. $ Binn. Nov. PI. Sort. Bogor. 29 flowers

terminal and axillary in small panicles, calyx-teeth glabrous acuminate ciliate,
fruit oblong from a rounded base purple.
;

Nicobars ; collected by the Novara expedition and communicated by them to the

Buitenzorg Botanic Garden Kurz {Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. 131).
low shrub branches tetragonous, subglabrous, but hairy at the nodes. Leaves
| 3 in., ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded at the base, 5-nerved, shortly strigose on both surfaces petiole | in. Petals 5, purple. Stamens subequal, anthers
with two auricles added at the base. Not seen.
;

Otanthera.]

lx.

melastomace^.
EXCLUDED

(C. B. Clarke.)

523

SPECIES.

0. rtjbro-mmbata (Lachnopodium rubro-limbatum, Blume) is figured by Link

Otto, 16. PL Set. t. 41, as a plant raised in European gardens from the "East
Indies." It is more likely from Malaya than India, and Mr. Bentham in Fl. Austral.
thinks it probably identical with Otanthera bracteata.
292
iii.
0. Koti-gtteda, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiv. 64, is reduced to 0. Wightiana
by Triana ; but Naudin describes its calyx-teeth short.

&

3.

MELASTOMA, Linn.

Strigose or villous shrubs. Leaves petioled, oblong or lanceolate, entire,

3-7-nerved. Flowers terminal, solitary clustered or panicled, showy, purple, 5Calyx-tube with simple (rarely with penicillate) hairs,
(rarely 6-7-) merous.
Petals equal in number to the calyx-lobes.
lobes deciduous.
Stamens twice as
many as the petals, very unequal, alternate longer ones with purple anthers
having the connective long-produced at base and terminating in two lobes, the
shorter ones having yellow anthers the connective not produced but with two
tubercles in front.
Ovary more or less united to the calyx-tube, 5- (rarely 6-7-)
celled, apex bearing bristles; style filiform, simple; ovules very numerous,
placentas axile, radiating. Fruit coriaceous or somewhat berried, bursting
Seeds minute, very many, curved through half a circle, minutely
irregularly.
Disteib. Species 40 or 8 in South-East Asia and its islands, expunctate.
tending to North Australia and Polynesia.

* Hairs

closely adpressed at their base to the calyx-tube.

M.

1.
malabathricum, Linn. ; DC. Prod?: iii. 145 ; stems with short
dense hairs adpressed or spreading, leaves with adpressed scabrous hairs above,
scabrous on the nerves beneath and shortly hairy or nearly glabrous between
them, bracts large elliptic narrowed into a stalk generally enclosing the buds,
scaly hairs on the calyx-tube flat lanceolate, calyx-teeth long (or very long)
ovate-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, glabrous within or with a few short hairs
near the tip only. Roxb. Hort Beng. 33 Fl. Ind. ii. 405; Wall. Cat. 4040;
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
JBot. Reg. t. 672 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 324 ; Wight III. t. 95
Fl. 92; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 285; Thwaites Enum. 106
(a. and j3.) ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 503, not of Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 507.
Trembleya rhinanthera, Griff.
? M. obvolutum, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 3.
Notul. iv. 677, cf. Kurz in Flora, 1871, p. 289.
" Indian
Throughout India very abundant, from sea-level up to 6000 ft. alt.
Khododendron " of the English denizens. Not towards the Indian Desert. Distrib.
Not found out of India i.e. the above description has been narrowed to the Indian
typical plant which is not found in Malaya, etc.
A spreading shrub 6 ft. Leaves 3-4 in., broad-lanceolate; petiole in. Flowers
Fruit \ in. wide, short-ovoid, truncate, becoming
1-5, clustered, mauve-purple.
pulpy within. Calyx-teeth often - in., not shorter than the tube. Mr. Bentham
in Fl. Austral, iii. 293 proposes to include 24 species of Naudin under M. mala;

bathricum, Linn.
Var. adpressum, "Wall. Cat. 4081 leaves narrow-lanceolate smaller than in M.
malabathricum with a rigid more harshly scabrid pubescence. M. anoplanthum Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. vol. xiii. 277. Mergui to Singapore, and in Penang. The Java
plant under this name in the Kew Herbarium is as different from Wall. Cat. 4081 as
;

is

any Melastoma

in this section.

stems with short

2. IMC. polyanthum, Blume in Mus. Bot. i. 52, t. 6
dense hairs adpressed or spreading, leaves with short hairs above adpressed or
;

524

lx.

melastomace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Melastoma,

subpatent, with short often soft hairs between the Derves beneath, bracts lanceolate or lanceolate-obovate much smaller than the buds and early deciduous,
scaly hairs on the calyx-tube flat lanceolate, calyx-teeth triangular acute glabrous within shorter than the tube and often (O. brachyodon, Naud.) very short.
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 287 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 502.
M. malabathriciun, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 4, with Jig. Benth. Fl.
Austral, iii. 292, partly. M. brachyodon, Naud. I. c. 292.
;

Distrib. Throughout Malaya

Singapore; Sir B. Schomburgk, T. Anderson.
abundant to North Australia.
Only differs from M. malabathricum in the smaller bracts and shorter calyx- teeth ;
and is united with it by Mr. Bentham.
3. JUL. normale, Don Prodr. 220
branches densely shaggy, leaves with
short patent hairs above and pubescent or villous beneath, calyx-teeth long lanceolate hairy within nearly to their base.
DC. Prodr. iii. 145 ; Naud. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 289; Kurz For. Fl. i. 504.
M. Wallichii, DC. Prodr. iii.
146 Wall. Cat. 4039, partly. M. napalensis, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 707.
;

Nipal

to Bhotan, alt. 2000-6000 ft.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., frequent.
Distrib. Ava, Kurz.
A large shrub, reaching 20 ft. in the interior Himalaya. Leaves 3-5 in., lanceopetiole ^-f in.
Flowers 3-10, clustered bracts not large nor enclosing the
late
buds petals a brighter more rosy mauve than in M. malabathricum. Fruit as in
M. malabathricum or rather larger. M. velutinum Seem, of Polynesia does not belong
;

here.
4. HI. imbricatum, Wall. Cat. 4047
stem densely clothed with adpressed ovate obtuse scales, leaves beneath with very small scabrous hairs, scales
on the calyx-tube flat ovate acute, calyx-teeth ovate acuminate hairy within
half-way down, fruit ovoid the margin at the top somewhat dilated,
triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 60, but the syn. M. fasciculare Naud. is doubtful.
;

East Bengal

Penang, Wallich ; TenasseGriffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2242).

Distrib. No. 2243).
Apparently very large. Leaves 8 in., broad-elliptic, acute; petiole 2 in. Flowers
in terminal clusters of about 12 ; bracts not large.
Fruit ^-f in., ovoid.
rim, Heifer

(Kew

** Hairs on the calyx-tube long, at their base spreading, then ascending or

patent.
5. IKE. sang uineum, Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2241
stem with scattered
long harsh patent hairs, leaves glabrous above scabrous beneath on the nerves and
minutely hairy between them or nearly glabrous, calyx-teeth linear-lanceolate.
DC. Prodr. iii. 145 Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. 289 ; Miq. Fl. Jnd: Bat. i.
pt. i. 504 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 281.
M. decemfidum, Jack in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 6; Roxb. Fl. Jnd. ii. 406 Wall. Cat. 4042 DC. Prodr.
iii. 146 ; Naud. I. c. 282 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 75.
;

Penang, Singapore and Malacca

Malaya and South China.

Wallich, Cuming, Griffith, Maingay.

Distrib.

Leaves 4-5 in., narrowly lanceolate petiole |-f in. Flowers 1-4, clustered, often
very large, rose-purple. Bristles on the calyx-tube often | in., hair-pointed. Fruit
\ in. wide and upwards.
Var. molle, Wall. Cat. 4046 leaves 6 by 2 in. with scattered villous hairs on
both surfaces. M. crinitum, Naud. I.e. 280.
;

6. m. Houtteanum, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xiii. 291 branches

with dense adpressed or ascending villous hairs, leaves with scattered hairs above
;

shortly villous beneath, calyx-teeth linear-lanceolate.

Kurz For. Fl.

i.

504.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomacejj.

Melastoma.]

525

Pegu, Kurz. Tenassebim or Andamans Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2241).

Leaves 4-5 in., broad-lanceolate petiole -f in. Flowers clustered. Hairs on
This species is essentially like M. sanguineum, but the inducalyx-tube \-% in.
mentum of the stem and branches is of a widely different character as to the leaves,
the indumentum of M. sanguineum var. molle is exactly half-way between that of
M. sanguineum and M. Houtteanum.
;

DOUBTFUL

As

numerous

SPECIES.

Melastoma admitted by Triana in Trans. Linn,

ellipticum,
Soc. xxviii. 59, 60 as native in India, the names M. triflorum, Naud.
Naud. microphyllum, Naud. lamiginosum, Blume Eoyenii, Blume
longifolium,
Naud. are not found in the Kew collection. So far indeed from multiplying species
out of the existing material, it would be better to reduce the whole of the Indian
forms to three, viz., M. malabatkricum (including M. polyanthum and M. imbricatum) M. normale. and M. sanguineum (including M. Houtteanum).
As to the 13 species of Melastoma described by Eoxburgh, the first eight are
octandrous the next two have been admitted the last two are outside the limits of
to the

species of

the present Flora.

M. Findlaysonii, Wall. Cat. 4041, has not the place of collection given, and it is
doubtful whether it was found within the limits of the Flora Indica. The Wallichian
example shows the leaves and fruit, which might be those of Osbeckia Leschenaultiana
.above described but Triana (assuming probably that had the stamens been all similar
Wallich would have named it Osbeckia and not Melastoma) has called it Dissotis
Findlaysonii.
M. cubva, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 406. " Shrubby, all the tender parts strigose, leaves
petioled ovate-cordate 5-7-nerved finely serrulate, panicles terminal subcorymbiform
supra-decompound, flowers 10-androus, petals cordate ciliate." Chittagong. Neither
figure nor specimen is known the description is too short for safe identification.
;

4.

OXYSFORA, DC.

Large spreading shrubs with drooping branches terminated by large, lax,

.almost naked panicles of rose-purple flowers.
Leaves opposite, long-petioled,
large, 5-7-nerved, ovate, acuminate, 'uppermost pair below the panicle often
sessile much smaller and subcordate at base.
Panicle long, sometimes narrow
branches decussate ; bracts very small.
Calyx-tube ovate-cylindric ; teeth 4,
Petals 4, subacute.
short, triangular.
Stamens 8, of which 4 are purple with
longer filaments, 4 are yellow ; anthers narrowed upwards, at top opening by
one pore, produced at base, connective with or without appendage. Ovary
inferior, 4-celled, apex glabrous; style simple, elongate; ovules very many,
placentas axile, radiating.
Capsule dry, elliptic, elongate, with 8 ribs. Seeds
very many, falcate ; raphe lateral, produced at top in front into a point.
Disteib. Species 4, whereof 3 are in East Bengal, 1 in Sumatra.
1. O. paniculata, DC. Prod?', iii. 123 branchlets panicles and nerves of
the leaves beneath with some stellate pubescence, capsule long-elliptic very little
narrqwed below the calyx-mouth, seeds with a sharp right angle at the top of
the back and a produced angular point at the top in front.
Watt. PL As. Par.
t. 88 ; DC. Mem. Melast. t. 4 (not correct as to the base of the connective) ;
Wall.
Cat. 4076 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 556.
0. vagans, Pot. Mag. t. 4553 ;
Lemaire Jard. PI. t. 79. Arthrostemma paniculatum, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc.
Prodr. 222 {partly). Melastoma rugosa, Roxb. MS.
iv. 299
;

Subtbopical and Tempebate Himaxya, from Nipal to Bhotan alt. 3000-7000 ft.
alt. 3000-5000 ft., common.
Abundant in the interior of Sikkim cover;

Khasia Mts.
ing the

hill sides.

526

lx. MELASTOMACEiE.

[Oxyspwa.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Leaves 4-5 in. (in some examples attaining 14 in.), ovate, acute; petiole 1-2 in.,
at its apex are some rough bristles. Longer stamens with the anther-cells diverging
below the truncate base of the connective where the filament is attached. Fruit
by i in.

2. O. vag-ans, Wall. Cat. 4075, partly; branchlets petioles and nerves of

the leaves beneath with some scattered patent villous hairs, capsule elliptic prominently narrowed below the enlarged calyx-mouth, seeds blunt-headed with a
sharp right angle at the top of the back and a very short point at the top in
front.
0. vagans, var. a. Wall. PI. As. Bar. p. 78 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Melastoma vagans, Boxb. Sort. Beng. 33
xxviii. 73 Kurz For. Fl. i. 505.
Homocentria vagans, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 308.
Fl. Ind. ii. 404.
;

Mishmee;

Khasia Mts.,

Griffith.

alt.

1000-3000

ft.,

common.

Chittagong

Boxburgh.

rather smaller shrub than the preceding with the panicle generally more
Longer stamens with the anther-cells slightly produced at the base, conWall. Cat. 4075 contains some O.
nective having added to its base a linear spur.
paniculata not any O. cernua.
slender.

O. cernua, Triana

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 73; glabrous, capsule

truncate hardly narrowed below the calyx-mouth, seeds simply falcate.
Kurz For. Fl. i. 505. O. vagans var. 0. Wall. PI. As. Bar. p. 78. Melastoma
cernua, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; Fl. Lnd. ii. 404. Allozygia cernua, Naud. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 309.
3.

elliptic

Mishmee;

(Kew

Griffith

Distrib.

No. 2262);

Chittagong,

alt.

0-1000

ft.;

T.
shrub, generally resembling O. paniculata.
Leaves commonly 6 in., attaining
petiole 2 in.
1 2 in. in some examples
Eachis of the panicle somewhat sharply
quadrangular at the base, but cannot be said to be 4-winged in any of the specimens
Longer stamens with the anther-cells shortly
at Kew (as Eoxburgh states it to be).
produced and diverging below the truncate base of the connective where the filament
is attached.

H.f.

5.

KENDRICKIA,JM;,/'.

climber, ascending to the top of the highest trees, when in blossom tinging the forest red. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong or obovate, obtuse, fleshy.
Flowers terminal, in few-flowered umbels or solitary, large peduncles stout, 2Calyx urn-shaped, rose-purple limb shortly 4-toothed, greenish.
bracteolate.
Petals 4, fleshy, a fine red. Stamens 8, equal ; anthers at the attenuated summit
opening by one pore, at the base shortly produced, connective having a horn
about in. at the base. Ovary inferior, 4-6-celled style simple, filiform ovules
Capsule globose, 1-celled by absorption of
very many, placentas axile, fleshy.
the septa, opening at the apex by 4-6 valves. Seeds very many, minute,
;

prismatic.
1.

Walkeri,

K..

Medinilla
viii. p.

Hook.f. in Gen. PI. i. 752; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.

70.
Pachycentria Walkeri, Thwaites Enum. 107.
Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist.
Walkeri, Wight Lll. i. p. 217

75,

xxviii. p.
?

t.

vi.

fig.

11.

Anamaixays; Col.Beddome.

Ceylon,

alt.

3000-5000

ft.

Wight; Walker; Gard-

ner, Thwaites.

Stems in their lower part creeping up trees like ivy, hence flattened with the leaves

lx. melastomacEjE.

Kendrickia.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

527

distichous; at the summits spreading pendent with leaves on all sides. Leaves l-2in. y
narrowed at the base, minutely furfuraceous or nearly glabrous, 3-nerved from the
base with two additional nerves from the midrib much higher up petiole in. Petals
" One of the most beautiful of Ceylon plants " (Thwaites).
| in.

ALL09I0RFHIA,

6.

Blume.

Shrubs, tall or short. Leaves opposite, long-petioled, large, lanceolate ovate

Panicles terminal, compound,
or orbicular, 15-nerved, glabrous or nearly so.
Calyx-tube funnel-shaped or campanwith small flowers in clustered whorls.
Petals 4, rose or white, small.
ulate, limb of 4 very short lobes.
Stamens 8 T
nearly equal anthers attenuated at the top with one pore, cells long-produced
and diverging at their bases ; connective without appendage. Ovary 3- (rarely
4-) celled enclosed by but nearly free from the calyx- tube; style filiform,
simple ; ovules very many, placentas axile, 2-fid. Capsule small, dry, urn-shaped
or subcylindric, ribbed, opening at the top by 3-4 valves. Seeds very many r
narrowly obtrapezoidal. Distkib. Species 5 : whereof 4 are from the Malay
Peninsula and its attached islands ; 1 from Canton.
;

1. A. exig-ua, Plume in Flora, 1831, p. 52 ; leaves lanceolate or ovatelanceolate not cordate at the very base, pedicels in fruit not more than in. y
fruit ovoid 3-celled prominently 6-ribbed contracted at the top below the
permanent calyx-rim. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 310 ; Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 74. Melastoma exigua, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 10 ;

DC. Prodr.

iii.

149

Wall. Cat. 4048.

Penang and Malacca

Distbib. Philippines.
Wallich, Griffith, &c.
;
shrub, nearly glabrous. Leaves often 9-10 in. petiole 1-3 in. Panicle
minutely rusty-pubescent bracts -| in., lanceolate or narrow-spathulate. Calyx-tube
in. broad.
most minutely hairy. Kipe fruit

tall

umbellulat a, Hook. f. ms.

Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii,

2.
.
74; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate often cordate at the very base, pediKurz For. Fl. i. 506.
cels umbellulate in bud \ in. and more.
;

Tenasseeim or Andamans Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2260).

Shrub 10 ft. (Heifer) nearly glabrous except the panicle which is minutely pubescent and much more lax than that of A. exigua. Flowers larger than those of A.
Calyx-tube in the young flowers funnel-shaped rather than campanulate
rxigua.
Fruit unknown.
teeth more prominent.
;

3.
Grriffithii, Hook. f. MS. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 74 ;
.
leaves round obtuse cordate at the base, panicle elongate with small distant
whorls which are shortly corymbose rather than umbelled or clustered.

Malacca, Griffith, Walker, Maingay No. 775.

Almost stemless rootstock woody. Leaves 5-6
;

or slightly puberulous beneath. Panicle about 12

campanulate, minutely hairy. Fruit unknown.

A. hispida, Kurz

in.
in.,

long and more broad, glabrous

rusty-pubescent.
Calyx-tube

290; petioles thick 5 in. hispid

above more densely beneath
especially on the nerves, panicles glabrous or with bristles at the divisions, pedicels slender about \ in. so that the flowers are in subsessile clusters, calyx-tube
4-ribbed carrying some long bristles short campanulate with minute teeth, ovary
4.

bristly, leaves

in Flora, 1871,

8-9 in. ovate 9-ribbed sparsely

adnate to the calyx near the base only.

Btjbma, Martaban Dr. Brandis (Kurz).
Not seen the above is copied from Kurz.
;

bristly


528

(0. B. Clarke.)

melastomace-E.

lx.

7.

BLASTUS,

[Blasti

Lour.

shrub with round branches. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong-lanceolate,

3-5-nerved. Flowers very small, in axillary clusters peduncles short, without
bracts.
Calyx-tube oblong, puberulous, limb shortly 4-lobed. Petals 4. Stamens 4, equal anthers attenuate at the top, opening by one pore, cells produced and diverging at their bases; connective without appendage. Ovary
inferior, 4-celled, puberulous at the apex
style filiform, simple ; ovules very
many, placentas axile, paired. Capsule small, obscurely 4-furrowed, opening at
the summit by four pores. Seeds very many, raphe long, testa long-linear,
produced at each end much beyond the small oblong nucleus.
;

1.
i.

B. cochinchinensis,

Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 527; Seemann Journ. Bot.

Anplectrum parviflorum, Benth. Fl. Hongk.

281.

Assam Masters. East Bengal

Hongkong and Formosa.
;

A shrub

ft.,

in.

p. 116.

North-East Assam)

petidle

J-f

in.

Griffith.

Leaves 3-4

glabrous, innovations minutely puberulous.

late or elliptic-lanceolate

than

(prob.

Peduncles in fruit 5

in.

or less.

Distrib.

in.,

lanceo-

Fruit less

broad.

8.

OCKTHOCHARIS, Blume.

Small erect glabrous shrubs, branches round. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong or lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, minutely denticulate-serrulate. Flowers minute in
axillary clustered cymes, rarely in axillary and terminal lax cymes.
Calyx-tube
obovoid, smooth ; teeth 5, small, persistent.
Petals 5.
Stamens 10, equal anthers oblong, obtuse at the top opening with one pore, at the base shortly produced ; connective without appendage. Ovary inferior, 5-celled, glabrous at the
apex ; style simple, filiform ; ovules very many, placentas axile. Capsule globose, 5-valved, enclosed by the membranous calyx-tube.
Seeds very many, irregularly club-shaped.
Disteib. Species 4 or 5, extending from Singapore to
Borneo.
;

1. O. paniculata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 247, t. 64; leaves

opposite very unequal, panicle terminal. Blume Mus. Bot. i. 40 ; Naud. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. p. 307, with Jig.
Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 556 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 74.
Melastoma oxvphvllum, Benth. in Wall. Cat.
4083.
;

Singapore; Wallich. Distrib. Malaya.

Branches quadrangular, nearly glabrous, becoming minutely rusty towards the
in. by 2, lanceolate, 5-nerved, glabrous or minutely rusty
f in. Panicle 1 by If in., rusty puberulous, short-peduncled
branches opposite, supported by small linear bracts j^L in., the ultimate pedicels

panicle.

Leaves attaining 5

on the nerves

petiole

~-~ in. Calyx-tube campanulate, nearly glabrous ; teeth 5, minute.

ovate, subacute, rose-purple. Fruit (not ripe) in. diam. subglobose.

Petals

5,

f in.,

2. O. jajranica, Blume in Flora, 1831, 523; leaves somewhat fleshy

3-nerved secondary nerves obscure, cymes 1 in. axillary, pedicels in fruit scarcely
\ in. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 307 Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 556
Kurz For. Fl. i. 507. Melastoma ? littoreum, Wall. Cat. 4087.
;

Tenasserim, Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2277).

2278, T. Anderson, Maingay. Distrib. Java.

Singapore

Wallich, Griffith No.


Ochthocharis.']

melastomacej:.

lx.

(C. B. Clarke.)

529

small shrub, 2-3 ft. Leaves 2| in., lanceolate or narrow lanceolate, narrowed
at both ends, sparsely minutely bristle-serrate petiole in.
Fruit \ in. diam., subThe closely allied Malayan species have the cross secondary nerves very
globose.
conspicuous by which they differ from the present fleshy seashore plant.

9.

ANERINCLEISTUS,

Korth.

Large villous shrubs branches round. Leaves petioled, ovate or lanceolate,

with scattered hairs above, villous beneath. Flowers minute
;

entire, 5-7-nerved,

(in very small axillary clusters in the Indian species).

Calyx-tube campanulate,
densely hairy lobes 4, very small. Petals 4, minute, glabrous. Stamens 8,
equal anthers attenuate at the top, opening with one pore, scarcely produced at
the base connective with or without a short spur. Ovary nearly free, 4-celled
style filiform, simple ; ovules many.
Capsule opening by 4 large pores at the
summit. Seeds exceedingly minute, cuneate-obovoid. Distrib. Species 3;
Tenasserim coast, Mergui and Sumatra.
;

Helferi, Hook. f.\ Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75;

1. A.
branches clothed with adpressed soft hairs, midrib of the leaves beneath with
ascending subadpressed soft hairs, calyx-tube with ascending hairs. Kurz For.
Fl.

i.

507.

Mergui

Griffith,

Leaves 6 by 4

in.

Heifer

(Kew

petiole 2 in.

Distrib. No. 2304).

Clusters of flowers in.

Fruit \

in., ellipsoid.

2. L . G-riffithii, Hook. f. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75

branches densely clothed with brown soft spreading and deflexed hairs, midrib
of the leaves beneath densely clothed with similar patent hairs, calyx-tube with
somewhat spreading hairs. Kurz For. Fl. i. 507.

Mergui

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2304).

Exactly as the preceding species except as to the small differences in the indumentum above stated. Probably will be found to be a variety only when more material
is

obtained.

10.

SONERILA,

Po.vb.

Herbs, sometimes woody at the base, nearly always small, many stemless.
Leaves opposite, equal or unequal, from round to linear, entire or serrulate,
Calyx-tube
3-5-nerved. Flowers in racemes or scorpioid spikes, mostly red.
campanulate or long-funnel-shaped teeth 3, short. Petals 3, acute or obtuse.
Stamens 3 (in S. obliqua 6), equal ; anthers obtuse or attenuate at the top,
Ovary
cells at the base shortly divaricate ; connective without appendage.
inferior, 3-celled, glabrous at the apex
style simple, filiform ; ovules many,
Capsule obovoid, trigonous, elongate funnel-shaped, or camplacentas axile.
panulate, opening at the top by 3 valves. Seeds very many, smooth or covered
by glandular points or small tubercles, ovoid or ellipsoid ; raphe simple or running out into a lateral appendage, sometimes overtopping the seed. Distrib.
Species 58 ; 45 tropical Indian and Malayan, and 1 in South China.
;

Section A.
*

Anthers

Stamens

3.

(To Species 42.)

short, timncate or acute at the top.

t Species not of Ceylon or the South

vol. n.

Deccan Peninsula.

MM


;;;

530

melastomacEjE.

lx.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Sojierila.

S. tenera, Boyle

III. 215, t. 45; stem 2-4 in. erect littlerdivided,

0- in., anthers short oolong truncate hardly narrowed at the top.
Wall. Cat. 4098 partly.

1.

pedicels

Chota Nagpore, alt.

Subtropical Western Himalaya, Boyle, Edgeworth.
1000-2000 ft., abundant C. B. Clarke.
Stem weak, sometimes winged, puberulous or minutely pubescent. Leaves \-^ in.,
ovate, nearly entire, equal or unequal, with a few scattered lax hairs petiole less
than in. Calyx-tube puberulous and with a few scattered lax hairs teeth (at time,
of flowering) ovate, acute, as long as broad. Petals in., ovate, acute, rose-purple.
Capsule nearly \ in., trigonous, elongate funnel-shaped, ribs between the angles very
Seeds ovoid, smooth
obscure, often narrowed at the base so as to be subsessile.
raphe not excurrent. Wallich has distributed with Eoyle's S. Unera. a Tavoy plant,
The pubescence of the stem as
S. stricta, and Eoyle has not detected the error,
given in the figure of Eoyle is very unlike nature. Triana has named Eoyle's original specimen "potius S. brachyandra, Naud." a Manilla species, and has made
Edgeworth's specimen and some Khasian ones of S. stricta the type of S. tenera.
;

stem 3-7 in. erect often

2. S. Stricta, Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4394
branched, pedicels in fruit often nearly \ in., anthers ovate much narrowed at the
;

top.

Khasia Mts., alt, 3000-4000 ft., plentiful. Pegu to Tenasserim, frequent.

Stem more or less puberulo-pubescent, and also with long lax spreading hairs.
Leaves \-\ in., lanceolate or elliptic, narrowed at each end, with scattered lax hairs.
Calyx-tube puberulous and with a few scattered la^ hairs, teeth broader than long.
Capsule \ in., trigonous, elongate funnel-shaped,
Petals | j in., obovate, rose-purple.
Seeds ovoid, smooth raphe not excurrent.
ribs between the angles very obscure.
The type of this species is S. burmannica Wall. Cat. 4098, but the striking form S.
stricta was first published and the name must therefore be maintained.
The true S.
JRottleri Wall, is a Courtallum species and widely different, but Wallich seems in
hand-and-eye distribution to have mixed the present species with it.
Var. typica leaves with a few denticulations, uppermost sometimes in whorls of
Moulmein Lobb No. 347 Parish, No. 427.
4, often purplish beneath.
Var. burmannica, Wall. Cat. 4098 leaves usually entire or nearly so. S. tenera,
Wall. Cat. 4098 partly; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, 1877, pt. ii. 78.
S. Eottleri, Wall.
Sonerila sp. 5 Griff. Notul. iv. 676.
Cat. 4097 partly.
;

3. S. erecta, Jack in Mai, Misc. et in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 63; stem 8-12
firm erect with opposite branches, racemes secund, flowers sessile, capsule
long-cylindric subtrigonous, seeds hemi-ellipsoidal covered with glandular raised
points, raphe shortly excurrent and overtopping the seed.
Wall. Cat. 4092
Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. p. 217 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 563 Naud. in Ann,
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 324 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

in.

Moulmein, Lobb.

Pinang, Wallich. Malaya, Maingay. Dtstrib. Malaya.

Stem bifariously hairy. Leaves f in., equal or unequal, lanceolate, slightly ovate
at the base, hairy on both surfaces, subentire or minutely denticulate, sessile and longpetioled on the same plant.
Racemes 2-6 -flowered. Calyx-tub- minutely pubescent.
Petals \ in., ovate, acute, rosy.
Anthers ovate, much narrowed upwards. Fruits *$
in., in. apart.

ft Species of Ceylon and the South Deccan Peninsula.

S. zeylanica, W. $ A.

Prodr. 322; branches quadrangular nearly

ovate narrowed upwards, capsule } in. funnel-shaped
subtrigonous with 6 prominent ribs. Am, in Hook. Comp. Bot, Mag. ii. 307
(Oeylanica)
Naud. 'in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 321 ; Thvxiites Enum. 109
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.
4.

glabrous, anthers

in.


lx. jjelastomaceje.

Sonerila.~\

(C. B. Clarke.)

531

Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft. Thwaites, Walker.

Stems 4-12 in. with many spreading' branches. Leaves - in., ovate or narrowoblong, acute, denticulate, with a few scattered hairs above otherwise glabrous peCalyx-tube glabrous or with a few lax hairs. Petals \ in., purple or
tiole 0- in.
Seeds with minute glanwhite, ovate, acute.
Capsule about as long as its pedicel.
elevated
points, raphe excurrent but hardly overtopping the seed.
dular
S. zeylanica
only
separated
from
anthers,
which (as above
is
S. rostrata and S. affinis by the
stated) are usually ^-^ in. long in S. zeylanica while in S. affinis they are usually
in. In those cases where the anthers of an authentic example of S. zeylanica are
actually longer than those of some examples of S. affinis, we endeavour to fall back
on the degree and nature of the attenuation of the anthers, which should be acute in
S. zeylanica, acuminate in S. affinis.
The var. pumila is more distinct from S. zeylanica than are S. rostrata and S. affinis.
Triana has placed Thwaites' numbered
specimens of these species under various others.
Var. pumila, Thwaites Enum. 109 (sp.); anthers short-oblong very truncate.
Var. WalJcercs seed without elevated points, excurrent raphe very much overtopping the seed, being exactly over the top of the seed like a cap. Perhaps a species.
Ceylon Walker.
;

5. S. torn en tell a, Thwaites Enum. 109 ; branches petioles and calyxtube rusty-pubescent, anthers ovate very short, capsule short funnel-shaped
trigonous 6-ribbed bristly.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

Ceylon; Saffragam, Thwaites.

Branched, 10 in. high. Leaves ovate and ovate-oblong, minutely denticulate, with
a few scattered hairs above, slightly pubescent beneath. Petals i in., ovate, acute,
white or pale rose. Pedicels as long as or longer than the capsule.
6. S. Brunonis, W. $ A. Prodr. 321 ; stem a foot high somewhat
stout branched nearly glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate longitudinally 5-7-nerved
from near the base with very rarely one or two fainter nerves from the midrib
higher up.
Wight Lll. 94, Lc. t. 1059.

Ceylon, Newera
Wight No. 1142.
Thwaites.
Stems 4-angled. Leaves 1^-2| in., with a few scattered hairs above and microPetals i in., mauve-purple, ovate
in.
scopic puberulous dots beneath petiole Capsules in., narrow-funnel-shaped, with six thick ribs, longer than the
acute.
Seed obovoid with glandular elevated
pedicels, clustered on the shortened racemes.
points, raphe not excurrent.
The present species is exceedingly like S. versicolor or
axillaris, but (as Wight observes) may always be recognised by the longitudinal

South Deccan Peninsula; Courtallum;

Ellia

&

nervation of the leaves.

7.

S. pedunculosa,

Thwaites

Enum. 109

stem 3-10

in.

weak rooting

at the nodes, peduncles quasi-terminal very long, capsule ^-\ in. funnel-shaped
Triana in
subtrigonous obscurely 6-ribbed usually shorter than the pedicel.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75. S. Rottleri, Wall. Cat. 4097, partly.

Tbavancobe, Quilon Wight No. 1111. Ceylon; tropical; Thwaites.

Stems and peduncles glabrous or pubescent. Leaves l-2 in., ovate or oblong,
minutely serrulate, sparsely pilose above minutely dotted beneath; petiole -l in.
Peduncles 2-6-flowered.
Calyx-tube glabrous or with a few scattered hairs. Petals
% in., ovate, acute, reddish. Seeds with elevated points, raphe much excurrent on the

side near the top.

8.

S. Arnottiana,

branched upwards at

Thwaites Enum. p. 108; stem 12 in. high round

least rufous- villous, petioles nerves of the leaves beneath

mm

532

melastomace^.

lx.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Sonerila.

and peduncles with brown-red hairs, capsule in. broadly funnel-shaped trigonous 6-ribbed somewhat scabrous usually longer than the pedicel. Bedd. Ic.
PI. hid. Or.

Ceylon,

t.

alt.

300.

6000

ft.

Thwaites.

Leaves nearly 2 by | in., oblong or ovate, with 3-5 longitudinal nerves, nearly glabrous or with few scattered hairs above, minutely serrulate ; petiole ^-f in. CalyxSeeds covered
tube with lax spreading hairs. Petals \-\ in., ovate, acute, purple.
with elevated points, raphe excurrent the whole length of the seed.
Var. tenella, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 217; stem leaves petioles and
calyx-tube nearly glabrous. Anamallays; alt. 3000 ft., Beddome. Stated by Col.
Beddome to be allied to S. Arnottiana, Thwaites, and reduced to it by Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75. The examples communicated by Col. Beddome to Kew
do not show fruit but seem the same as S. Brunonis ; they differ considerably in
their glabrousness from S. Arnottiana.

9. S. Wiffhtiana, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bat. Mag. ii. 307 ; stem attaining 15 in. round branched veiy brown-villous, petioles nerves of the leaves beneath and peduncles with brown or yellow hair, capsule \ in. funnel-shaped trigonous 6-nbbed scabrous usually shorter than the pedicel. Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

Ceylon Adam's Peak Thwaites.

Leaves f-1^ in., elliptic or oblong, with 3-5 longitudinal nerves, serrulate, with
petiole often 1 in.
Calyx-tube with
scattered scabrous hairs often on both surfaces
Petals | in., purple, ovate, acute.
Anthers ovate-oblong, oblax spreading hairs.
Seeds covered with elevated points, raphe scarcely excurrent. This species
tuse.
only slightly differs from S. Arnottiana by its greater hairiness, its rather larger flowers,,
and more elongate capsule.
;

10. S. Kookeriana, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 308; stem
attaining 10 in. round branched and petioles and peduncles with red villous
tomentum, leaves with scattered hairs on both surfaces, nerves beneath with
spreading dense red or yellow hairs, capsule in. funnel-shaped trigonous
(cribbed scarcely scabrous usually longer than the pedicel. Naud. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 321 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75.

Ceylon, Adam's Peak

Walker, Thwaites No. 1 73 and 426 partly.

;
in., ovate or oblong, with 3-5 longitudinal nerves, serrulate ; petiole
with
Calyx-tube
many
spreading rufous hairs.
Petals \ in., ovate, acute
i-f in.
Anthers ovate-oblong, obtuse.
(pale ?).
Seeds with subtubercular raised points,
raphe much excurrent near the top of the seed.
Leaves f-l

11.

S. Gardner!,

Thwaites Enum. p. 107; stem 12 in. round rufous-vilfrom a broad base short-petioled, petals - in. broad-elliptic t
ovoid trigonous slightly scabrous and hispid usually longer than
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 75 Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t.

lous, leaves ovate

capsule in.
the pedicel.
298.

Ceylon, alt. 5000 ft. Horton Plains, Thwaites.

Leaves f-1 in., minutely serrate with scattered hairs on both surfaces, nerves beneath rufous -villous petiole -\ in. Peduncles short and with the calyx-tube rufous;

Petals mauve-purple. Anthers ovate-oblong, obtuse.

Seeds subtuberculate
with raised points, raphe elongated both above and below the seed. This species is
well separated from the preceding species by its ovoid not funnel-shaped capsule.
Var. firma, Triana I. c. leaves sessile. S. firma, Thwaites ms. Ceylon, alt. 5000
ft., Central Province at Wattehelle; Thwaites No. 3873.
The example of this communicated by Mr. Thwaites to Kew is in flower and does not show fruit. It seems
exactly S. Gardneri except as to the sessile leaves, but the fruit may prove it to be
something quite different.
villous.

lx. melastomacejE.

Sonerila.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

533

** Anthers long attenuated or acuminated upwards.

t Plants with distinct stems, the leaves of each pair not very unequal.
Species

of Ceylon and the South Deccan Peninsula.

Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 308 stein attaining

shaggy with rufous-brown hair, leaves cordate-ovate sessile with long
rufous hairs above and on the nerves beneath, capsule nearly \ in. catnpanulate
trigonous hispid-scabrous 6-nerved, pedicel about \ in.
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.
ser. 3. xv. 327
12.

21

S. robusta,

in.

Ceylon; Walker Adam's Peak,

alt., 5000-7000 ft. Thwaites No. 426 partly.

;
Branches ascending, round, with harsh or soft hairs. Leaves in., nearly entire.
many
spreading
Calyx-tube with
hairs.
Petals % in., elliptic, acute, purple.
Anthers
Capsules 3-6 to the raceme, nearly sessile.
attenuated, long.
Seeds with raised
points, raphe exeurrent on one side near the top.
Vab. glabricaidis, Thwaites ms. stem 4-angular nearly glabrous, leaves sessile
Ceylon at Boputalanda, Central Provinces, Thwaites No.
nearly glabrous beneath.
3955.
;

13. S. Harvey i, Thwaites Enum. 107 ; stem 18 in. erect with ascending
quadrangular branches nearly glabrous, calyx-tube glabrous, anthers subacuminate but much shorter and less attenuate than in S. robusta.

Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 6000-7000 ft. Thwaites No. 2974.

Leaves f in., rhomboid-oblong, unequal-sided, obtuse or subcordate at the base,
in.
Racemes short. Petals
glabrous on both surfaces, denticulate petiole about
% in., elliptic, acute, purple. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76 has erroneously
called this species S. Hartwegi, and altered the naming of Thwaites' examples so as
to confuse it with No. 12 S. robusta.
;

14. S. affinis, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 307; stem 4-12 in.
branching nearly glabrous, leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate serrate, capsule
^^ in. funnel-shaped trigonous 6-ribbed smooth usually shorter than the pediNaud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 325; Thwaites Enum. 109; Triana in
cel.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.

Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 4000 ft. Thwaites Gardner, Walker.

Leaves $ in. (sometimes much smaller), thin, sparsely pilose above, minutely glanCalyx-tube nearly
dular-dotted and sometimes thinly hairy beneath petiole f in.
glabrous, or with a few lax hairs. Petals % in., ovate, acute, mauve. Anthers oblong,
Seed with raised points, raphe exeurrent on one side near the
attenuated upwards.
top.
See the remarks under No. 4 S. zeylanica.
Vab. rostrata, Thwaites Enum. 108 (sp.) anthers more attenuated, leaves less
Thwaites No.
Ceylon, alt. 1000-2000 ft.
serrated, flowers usually a deeper colour.
2644.
;

15.

S. rhombifolia, Thwaites Enum. 108;

rhomboid narrowed

glabrous, stem 1-2

at both ends crenate-serrate, capsule

trigonous 6-ribbed about as long as the pedicel.

in.

ft.,

leaves

funnel-shaped

Ceylon at no great elevation, Thwaites.

Leaves 1 in., 3-nerved the lateral nerves near the margin, minutely glandularpunctate petiole in. Petals i in., purple-mauve. Seeds with raised points, raphe
exeurrent on one side near the top.
;

16. S. amabilis, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76; branches

woody round with scattered ascending bristly hairs, leaves oblong petioled

3-nerved subentire with scattered bristly hairs on both surfaces, capsule ^

funnel-shaped or somewhat campanulate trigonous G-ribbed smooth.

in.

534

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomacE/E.

Southern Deccan Peninsula,

Tinnivelly, alt. 2000

ft.; Col.

[Sonerila..

Beddome.

Leaves 1^ in., narrowed to each end, obtuse petiole \ in. Racemes 3-6-flowered,
Anthers long,
Calyx-tube with few lax hairs. Petals -$ in., mauve.
crowded.
much attenuate. Mr. Kurz had published a very different species as Sonerila amabilis,
namely, S. Kurzii (No. 38).
;

17.

S. travancorica, Bedd.

round adpressedly

many

long brown

Ic. PI. Ind.

Or.

t.

156

branches stout

villous, leaves elliptic acute subentire pinnate-nerved with

hairs on both surfaces, capsule ^ in. subcampanukte tri-

gonous 6-ribbed smooth longer than the pedicel.

Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.

xxviii. 76.

Travancore,

alt.

4000

ft.

Col.

Beddome.

Leaves H-3 in., acute hut scarcely acuminate, glandular-dotted, shaggy on the
nerves beneath petiole j-l in. Racemes 3-9-flowered, short, pedicels with few scatPetals *-% in., mauve, elliptic,
Calyx-tube glabrous or sparsely pilose.
tered hairs.
Anthers oblong, much attenuated upwards. Seed with raised points, raphe
acute.
excurrent on one side near the top.
;

18. S. hirsutula, Am. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 307 branches with
spreading rufous hairs, leaves ovate or oblong subentire with many long brown
hairs on both surfaces glandular-dotted and shaggy on the nerves beneath, calyxThwaites Enum. p. 108;
tube with many lax patent rufous brown hairs.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.
;

Ceylon, Central Province, alt. 6000-7000 ft. Walker, Thwaites No. 276.
Stem 1-2 ft. high, erect branches round with four lines. Leaves 1-3 in., 5-nerved
from near the rounded or cordate base or imperfectly pinnate-nerved petiole often
2 in. Racemes short-peduncled, about 4-fiowered. Petals | in., elliptic, acute, mauve.
Capsule ^-i in., subcampanulate, strongly 6-ribbed, longer
Anthers greatly elongate.
than the pedicel. This species is very near S. travancorica it differs by the patent
(not adpressed) hairs on the stem, and the broad or cordate (not acute) base of the
;

leaves.

10. S. pilosula, Thwaites Enum. p. 108 leaves ovate-lanceolate pinnatenerved with short hairs over both surfaces very unequal at the base, calyx-tube
with many short patent hairs, petals f in. purple-red. Triana in Trans. Linn.
;

Soc. xxviii. 76.

Ceylon, Walker; Saffragam District, alt. 1000-2000 ft., Thwaites.

Stem 6-18 in., round, striated, with many short patent hairs. Leaves 2-3| in.,
petiole 1-2^ in. Racemes short, 6-1 2-flowered. Anthers
entire, somewhat acuminate
much elongate. Capsule funnel-shaped, 6-ribbed (Thwaites). This species is marked
by the very unequal base of the leaves one side of the blade being often continued
Perhaps a form of No. 22 S. elegans.
for \ in. along the petiole.
;

20. S. speciosa, ZenJc. PI. Ind. 18, t. 18; stem nearly or quite glabrous below ending in a long peduncle villous upwards, leaves 5-9-nerved from
the base, petals f in. mauve round-elliptic acute, capsule | in. hispid oblong
Zenk. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1. vi. 151
trigonous from a subcampanulate base.
Bot. Mag. t. 5026 Wight Ic. t. 995-2 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.
S. orbiS. solanoides, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 324, xvi. t. 18, f. 3.
culata, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. viii. 57, with Jig.
S. elegans, Bot Mag.
4978, not of Wight.
;

Deccan Peninsula, frequent: Nilghiris, Wight; Mysore,

Wight &c.
Stems attaining 9-12 in., upper half often naked. Leaves 2-3 in., ovate or elliptic,.

Hills of the South

T. Lobb ; Courtallam,


Sonerila.]

melastomaceje.

lx.

(C.

L>.

Clarke.)

535

acute, glabrous or nearly so, denticulate or subserrate petiole 1-2 in.

Raceme often
Calyx-tube generally with much
subpaniculate with 8-14 flowers and very hirsute.
Capsule definitely but lightly 6-ribbed,
Anthers shortly beaked.
lax brown hair.
erect, usually longer than its pedicel. Seeds with raised points ; raphe large, excurrent,
like a hood near the top of the seed on one side.
;

21. S. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 4099; sterns very woody below branching round, leaves glabrous bristle-serrate 5-7-nerved from the base, petals f-f in.
elliptic acute mauve. Wight. Ic. t. 995
W. Sf A. Prodr. 322 Bot. Mag. t. 5354
Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. 216 Triana in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxviii. 76.
;

Nilghiris near Sisparah, Wight, Gardner.

Leaves 1-2 in., crowded on the branchlets, oblong or elliptic, narrowed at both
ends, acute, not much acuminate petiole -| in.
Racemes densely flowered peduncles short, terminal. Calyx-tube glabrous. Anthers much attenuated. Capsule 5-5 in.,
funnel-shaped, smooth, obscurely ribbed.
;

22. S. elegans, Wight Lc. t. 995-3; leaves pinnate-nerved with a very

few scattered hairs above nearly or quite glabrous beneath, raceme pubescent,
pedicel and calyx-tube hairy, capsule finally with its pedicel stiffly scabrous.

Nilghiris, Sispara; Wight No. 1109 partly, Mclvor.

branches glabrous or with few scattered hairs. Leaves 2-4 in.,
Suffrutescent
elliptic-lanceolate from a rounded base, minutely serrulate, sometimes purpurascent
beneath petiole i-2 in. Racemes lateral and terminal, long-peduncled. Petals $ in.,
Capsule in., erect, funnel-shaped, trigonous, rather obscurely 6-ribbed,
light mauve.
longer than its pedicel.
Seeds with prominent raised points, raphe much excurrent
near the top on one side. This has been confused with the next species by Triana
{Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76) and in Herbaria. It decisively differs by the very
also the indumentum of the leaves is different, and the
scabrous ripe capsules
peduncle longer. S. pilosula Thwaites (No. 19) may be a form of this with more
pubescent leaves.
;

23. S. versicolor, Wight Ic. t. 1057 ; leaves pinnate-nerved with scattered hairs on both surfaces, raceme nearly glabrous, pedicel and calyx-tube glabrous, capsule finally quite glabrous.
S. axillaris, Wight. Ic. t. 1058.

Wight ; Gardner, &c. Mysore, T. Lobb.

;
Suffrutescent, branches pubescent.
Leaves 2-4 in., elliptic-lanceolate from a
rounded base, finely serrulate, sometimes purpurascent beneath, hairs above sometimes
Rawith vesicular bases (giving the leaves a spotted appearance) petiole 1-3 in.
Nilghiris

cemes terminal and many lateral. Petals ^ in., mauve. Capsidcs f-^- in., erect, in crowded
clusters, narrowly funnel-shaped or almost oblong, rather obscurely 6-ribbed, longer
than the pedicel. Seeds with prominent raised points, raphe excurrent near the top
on one side. S. axillaris Wight is exactly the same plant the axillary racemes being
S. pilosula,
placed alternately up the stem on short peduncles with some regularity.
(No. 19) differs by its hairy racemes and calyx- tube. In both S. versicolor and S.
elegans the leaves are more or less unequal at the base.

S. lanceolata, Thwaites JEnum. p. 107

leaves sessile long-lanceolate

glabrous oblong somewhat funnel-shaped distinctly 6-ribbed longer than the pedicel. Triana in Ti-ans.
Linn, Soc. xxviii. 76 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 299.
24.

from a rounded base glabrous, capsules 3

in. clustered

Ceylon, alt. 1000 ft., Walker, Thwaites.

branches round, glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in., 3-nerved from the base
Suffrutescent
Petals J in., mauve, broad
in.
distantly serrulate upwards petiole less than
Anthers not much attenuated. Seeds smooth or nearly so raph
elliptic, acute.
large, hooded, excurrent the whole length of the seed.
;


536

lx.

(C. B. Clarke.)

MELASTOMACEiE.

[Sonerila.

25. S. ang"ustata, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76 ; glabrous,

leaves narrowly lanceolate 1-nerved, capsule I in. short funnel-shaped cernuous
about equal in length to the pedicel. S. rhombifolia /3. angustata, Thwaites ms.

Ceylon; District Galle, Thwaites No. 2799 partly.

Stem 6 in. branches wiry, subquadrangular. Leaves If by \ in., with remote
shallow crenatures upwards petiole \ in. The species is distinguished from No. 15
The speciS. rhombifolia Thwaites by Triana, and the leaves appear very different.
;

men

of Thwaites has no flowers.

Species of the Transgangetic Peninsula.

stem attaining a foot

26. S. tenuifolia, Blame in Flora, 1831, 491
glabrous or with a few spreading hairs, leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate
Benn. PL Jav. Par.
strongly serrate, capsule glabrous with a very wide mouth.
211, t. 44 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 324 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
563 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.
;

Malacca, Mount Ophir

;
T. Lobb, Maingay No. 779.
Distrib. Java.
Leaves f-2 in., unequal, often pilose above petiole %-l\ in. Anthers oblong, attenshorter
than
Capsule
in.,
trigonous,
its
pedicel,
uated.
mouth -| in. broad.
\-\
Seeds with raised points, raphe excurrent on one side near the top.
;

27. S. linearis, Hooh.f. ?m.; Trianain Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76; nearly
glabrous, leaves linear-spathulate sessile minutely distantly toothed or subentire, capsule \ in. canipanulate narrow-cylindric glabrous faintly 6-ribbed
longer than the pedicel. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78.

Moclmein, on Mount Gerai, alt. 3000 ft., T. Lobb No. 345, 425.
Very erect, 15 in., with small round branches. Leaves 1 by ^ in. Racemes terminal, 2-4-flowered. Calyx-tube minutely puberulous. Petals % in., mauve. Anthers
slender, attenuated upwards.

28. S. picta, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 249, t. 52 ; leaves ovate or
lanceolate pinnate-nerved serrulate, racemes about 6-flowered short-peduncled
terminal, calyx-tube and pedicel puberulous subpubescent, petals in. elliptic
acute mauve, anthers much elongate. Blume Mus. Bot. i. 11 ; Miq. FL Ind. Bat.
i. pt. i. 564 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 326 ;
Triana in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxviii. 76 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78.

Mergui, Griffith Moulmein, T. Lobb, Parish. Distrib. Sumatra.

Stem 4-8 in., little divided, pubescent or subtomentose upwards. Leaves 1-4 in.,
nearly glabrous, pubescent on the nerves beneath, usually none of the nerve quite
basal and 2-3 nerves high up the midrib, blotched white or not along the midrib
above petiole | in. Capstde (ex Korthals) funnel-shaped, trigonous, sparsely pilose.
;

Seeds with raised points, raphe very excurrent, hooded.

Var. Lobbii stem very rusty tomentose, leaves small scarcely
Thoungyeen, Moulmein, alt. 4000 ft. ; T. Lobb.
;

S. secunda, P. Br.

in.

Top

of

in Wall. Cat. 4094

stem weak pubescent simacute pinnate-nerved, peduncle capsules and pedicels glabrous,
capsule I in. funnel-shaped subtrigonous as long as the pedicel, ribs not prominent.
Benn. PL Jav. Par. 216 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76 ; Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78.
29.

ple, leaves elliptic

Tavoy
in.,

Wallich.

Stem 2-4 in., with 4-5 large leaves approximated at its summit. Leaves 2-4^
minutely denticulate, with scattered long lax hairs on both surfaces, hairs some-

/?.

lx. melastomace^e.

Sonerila,]

(C. B. Clarke.)

537

times vesicular at the base, sometimes blotched along the midrib above
\-^ in. Peduncle terminal, 2- 3 in. Flowers not seen.

petiole

Species

of Bengal.

30. S. squarrosa, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey # Wall. i. 182;
stem 2-4 in. little divided thick, leaves crowded towards the upper part of the
stem spathulate-lanceolate serrulate, petiole jointed on a tubercle of the stem
which is supported on each side bv rufous bristles, flowers racemed. Wall. Cat.
4093, PL As. Rar. t. 102 Naud.'in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 325; Triana in
;

Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

3000-4000

ft.

frefuent.

Leaves f-l in., glabrous, attenuated into the petiole stipules ^-\ in. Racemes
Calyx-tube glabrous.
few-flowered ; peduncles subterminal, short.
Petals }-% in.,
Capsule \ in., glabrous, funnel-shaped, subtrigonous, hardly
ovate, acute, mauve.
Seed obovoid, without raised points, raphe not at all
ribbed, pedicel very short.
;

excurrent.

31. S. arg-uta, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 4095

stems 0-2 in., leaves elongate spathulate; petiole jointed on a tubercle of the stem which is supported on
each side by a rufous bristle, peduncle 1-flowered. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.
3. xv. 326 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76.
;

alt. 3000-4000 ft., Wallich, H.f $ T., C. B. Clarice.

Leaves (including the petiole) 1-4 by \-\ in., attenuated into the petiole, with
scattered large hairs above or glabrous, 1 -nerved, very minutely denticulate. Peduncle l-2 in.
Calyx-tube glabrous. Petals ^-^ in., mauve, elliptic, acute.
Capsule
| in., oblong, glabrous, subtrigonous, ribs obscure. Seed obovoid, with minute raised
points, raphe not excurrent.
One example collected by Sir J. D. Hooker has broadly
lanceolate leaves, f in. broad, but agrees otherwise with the type.

Khasia Mts.,

32. S. maculata, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 177; stem short decumbent round
often divided and with several lateral racemes, leaves pinnate-nerved ovate or
lanceolate from a rounded or narrowed base ciliate scarcely serrulate usually
with many long hairs on both surfaces sometimes nearly glabrous, peduncles not
very long, capsules glabrous cernuous in clusters of 5-15.
Wall. Cat. 4091
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 76 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Son. 1877, pt. ii.
78.
S. emaculata, Roxb. Fl. Lnd. i. 178.
S. angustifolia, Roxb. I. c, not of
Wall. Cat. ; Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 102. S. picta, Griff. Notul. iv. 676 (ex Kurz
in Flora 1871-90).
Sonerila sp.
S. Brandisiana, Kurz in Flora, 1871, 290.
3 and 4, Griff. Notul. iv. 676.

Nipal; Wallich.

Assam Hills and Khasia Mts.,

alt.

1000-5000

ft.,

plentiful.

Maetaban and Tenasserim, Kurz.

Leaves often 4 by 2 in., frequently unequal at the base, sometimes appearing
spotted above from vesicular-based hairs ; petiole 1-2 in., usually ciliate and pubescent. Calyx-tube puberulous, and generally with a few scattered hairs. Petals mauve,
elliptic, very acute.
Capsule in., oblong or somewhat funnel-shaped, slightly trigonous, obscurely ribbed, much longer than the pedicel. Seeds with prominent raised
Wall.
points, raphe only slightly excurrent near the top of the seeds on one side.
Cat. 4090 marked Sonerila angustifolia Roxb. is an Argostemma.

tt Plants pith

distinct stems, the leaves

of each pair exceedingly dissimilar.

33. S. moluccana, Roxb. Fl. -lnd. i. 178; stem short hirsute, larger
leaf of eacb pair 4-5 in. with a petiole of 1 in. the smaller one in., capsule

538

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomace^:.

[Sonerila.

intensely hispid scabrous.

Wall. Cat. 4089 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. p. 10 ; Benn.
PI. Jav. Bar. 215; Miq. Fl. Jnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 562 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc r
xxviii. 77.
S. begoniaeS. paradoxa, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 321.
folia,

Blume Mus.

Bot.

p.

i.

11

Naud.

I.

322

c.

Triana

I.

c.

Pinang Wallich, Griffith, Maingay. Malacca Maingay. Singapore Wallich,

Lobb, Distbib. Malaya.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, very unequal at the base, pinnate-nerved, with much rufous
or brown hair on both surfaces, ciliate, hardly serrulate. Calyx-tube very shaggy. Petals | in., elliptic, acute.
Capsule less than \ in., broad-campanulate, loDger than its
pedicel. Seeds almost epunctate, raphe very strongly excurrent near the top on one side.

{the stem sometimes elongate in S.

ftf Stemless or almost stemless specws

Griffithii).

Capsule subhemispheric,

i.e.

short ivith the three angles obscure.

34. S. Wallichii, Benn. PI. Jav. Bar. 215 ; leaves pinnate-nerved ovate
acute, capsule short subcauipanulate glabrous crowned by a prominent white
margin, seeds with raised points and the raphe moderately excurrent on one side
towards its top. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77. S.'Rheedii, Wall.
Cat. 4096 ; W. fy A. Prodr. 321.
S. acaulis, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc.

xxv. 216.
South Malabar Ghats.

Cochin,

Johnston

Anamallays, Beddome

Baba-

boodun Hills, Law.

Leaves from to 5 in. often broad or cordate at the base sometimes acute,
minutely denticulate or entire, usually puberulous and also with a few scattered
hairs; petiole 0-2^ in. Peduncle 1-8 in.; flowers 3-17, crowded, subumbelled*
Anthers not greatly elongate.
pedicels glabrous. "Petals \ in., elliptic, acute, mauve.
Capside ^-^ in. exclusive of the margin, shorter than the pedicel.
35. S. scapig-era, Dalz. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 672, t. 23
leaves nerved from near the base ovate or ovate-oblong, capsule campanulate
glabrous crowned by a very narrow margin, seeds without raised points or excurrent raphe. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 93 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
77.

Bombay Ghats,

Dalzell Concan and Bababoodun Hills, Law Mysore, Lobb.

Leaves commonly ^-H in., broad or cordate at the base, minutely crenate-serrate,
glabrous, sometimes glandular puberulous dotted above petiole often 2 in. Peduncle
1-3 in. flowers 4-10, crowded, subumbellate pedicels glabrous or nearly so. Petals
i-f in., elliptic, acute, mauve. Anthers much elongate. Capsule -in., shorter than
The peduncle pedicels and petioles frequently become succulent and
the pedicel.
much thickened. Generally resembling S. Wallichii and closely allied to it.
;

S. rotundifolia, Bedd.

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 216 ; leaves orbicunerved from near the base, peduncles 1-4-flowered, raceme glabrous
or nearly so, capsule short hemispheric glabrous crowned by a narrow margin,
Triana in
seeds with raised large subtubercular points raphe not excurrent.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Lnd. Or. t. 169.
36.

lar or ovate

South Deccan Anamallays, alt. 5000

Leaves - in. diam., cordate at the
;

ft.

Beddome.

base, minutely denticulatef glabrous and

minutely puberulous, dotted on both surfaces ; petiole ^-1^ in. Peduncles 1^-3 in.
Petals | in., orbicular-obovate, mauve.
Anthers short for the genus, little attenuate*
truncate.
Capsule je~rd
-> shorter than the pedicel.

;
;

lx. melastomaceje.

Sonerila.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

530

37. S. Xurzii, C. B. Clarke; leaves orbicular nerved from the base

pedicels 8-5 with many patent hairs, capsule short (Kurz).
S. amabilis, Kuri
in Flora, 1871, 290.

Sikkim; Eungait Valley, alt. 4000-5000 it., Kurz; Eungbee Valley, alt. 20003000 ft., Jaffrey.
Leaves -f in. diam., with many long patent hairs, subentire, cordate at the base
petiole ^-l in., with long patent hairs.
Peduncle 1-2 in., with many patent hairs
Petals f in., broadly
Anthers narrower upwards, hardly acuminated.

pedicels crowded, subumbelled.

Capmie oblong funnel-shaped,

elliptic, obtuse,

rose-mauve.

distinctly trigonous.

38. S. G-riffithii, C. B. Clarke leaves glabrous minutely dotted puberulous beneath, capsule I in. funnel-shaped, pedicel nearly I in., seeds with very
minute points raphe prominently excurrent on one side near the top.
;

Malacca, Mount Ophir

(Kew

Griffith

Distrib. No. 2300),

T.

Lobb,

Mainqay

No. 781.
Stemless, or the stem l-2 in. Leaves | I in., ovate, glabrous or with scattered
bristly hairs above, minutely denticulate, subciliate, nerves from near the base petiole
;

$-1
|

Peduncle 1-4 in., 2-6-flowered raceme short, glabrous or nearly

broadly elliptic, acute. Anthers long, attenuate.

in.

in.,

so.

Petals

nudiscapa,

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78 ; leaves with

39. S.
flaccid scattered hairs beneath, capsule | in. narrow funnel-shaped, pedicel much
with very small minute raised points raphe scarcely excurrent.

shorter, seeds

Mergui

Griffith

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2303).

Tenasserim or Andamans, Heifer

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2303).

Nearly stemless. Leaves 1-2

entire,

in.,

somewhat pinnate-nerved;

raceme

any other

very

petiole

short, glabrous or nearly so.

as large as in

thin, ovate or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, nearly

0-f

Petals %

in.

Peduncle l-l

in., elliptic,

acute.

3-8-flowered;
Seeds hardly half

in.,

species.

40. S. violae folia, Hook. f. ms.

Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77;
glabrous, bundles of rufous bristles -f in. about the base of the petioles, capsule
| in. funnel-shaped usually shorter than the pedicel, seeds with minute raised
points raphe not excurrent. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78.
;

Moxjlmeix Lobb No. 356.

Stemless. Leaves 1-2 in., ovate, entire or minutely denticulate, 5 -nerved, the upper
two nerves often branching from the midrib at a point some way above its base ; petiole - 2| in.
Peduncle 1-3 J in., 3-8-flowered. Petals in., mauve, elliptic, acute.
In this and the next species the rufous bristles at the base of the petiole are exceedingly like those in S. arguta and S. squarrosa, but they are in numerous tufts (not
2 only and quasi-stipular as in those species) and the petiole is not jointed on a

tubercle of a woody stem as in those species.

;

41. S. khasiana, C. B. Clarke bundles of rufous bristles \-\ in. about

the base of the petioles, leaves usually with scattered bristly hairs above, capsule
-} in. oblong shorter than the pedicel, seeds with minute dots raphe not ex;

current.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

Jaintea, C. B. Clarke.

4000-5000

ft.;

Mamloo, Kalapani, H.

f.

4'

>'>

Jarain in


540

lx. melastomaceje.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Sonerila.

Leaves less than 1 in., ovate, often acute, entire, ciliate but scarcely
from the base or the two upper nerves from the midrib ; petiole
-l in. Peduncle l-2 in., 1-4-flowered. Petals \ in., mauve, elliptic, acute. Anthers long, narrowed upwards but scarcely acuminate.
Near S. violcefolia, and
possibly a hairy dwarf mountain form of it.
Stemless.

serrate, 5-nerved

Stamens

Section B.
42.

6.

S. heterostemon, Naud.

in

Ann.

Sc.

Nat.

ser.

3.

xv. 326, xvi.

4 glabrous or nearly so, leaves unequal, stamens 3 with longer filaments and purple anthers somewhat produced at base 3 with yellow anthers not
t.

18,

f.

produced, capsule broadly funnel-shaped

sessile.

Malacca

Singapore ; Maingay. Distrib. Malaya.

;
Griffith, Lobb, Cuming.
Stems attaining 18 in., much branched, with many lateral racemes. Leaves 2-4 in.,
elliptic, acuminate or acute, broad often unequal at the base, entire, with 5-7 main
longitudinal nerves; petiole j-lj in. Eacemes on short peduncles, elongate in fruit,
10-20-flowered. Seeds with raised points, raphe excurrent the whole length of the seed.
The sessile broad funnel-shaped capsules readily distinguish this species. The leaves
are sometimes puberulous subpubescent on the nerves, and sometimes show spots on
the upper surface. This species is reduced to S. obliqua, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch.
Bot. p. 250 by Triana and probably correctly : but S. obliqua Korth. is classed as triandrous by all who quote it cf. Miq. Fl. Bid. Bat. i. pt. i. 563.

43. S. Bensoni, Hook.f. in. Bot. Mag. t. 6049; glabrous below, peduncle upwards and raceme hairy, stamens equal, anthers all yellow not produced
at the base.

Raised in London from seed sent from the Malabar Ghats by Col. Benson.
This plant seems exactly S. speciosa (No. 20). The change of .habitat and
forcing in rich soil in an English stove may have developed the three stamens usually
suppressed in the genus (?).

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

bullata, Griff. Notul. iv. 675, from Malacca, is not identifiable. Triana
(Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77) thinks it may be a Briessenia, but the terminal panicle
points rather to Allomorphia.
S. glaberrima, Am. in Hook. Bot. Mag* ii. 307.
The specimen thus named in
Wight's Herbarium is S. rhombifolia. We have seen no other.
S. Helferi, C. B. Clarke
stem 8 in. branched woody round rusty-pubescent,
leaves f in. elliptic acute entire 3-nerved from the base rusty shortly pubescent on
both surfaces as is the petiole (\ in.), racemes lateral 2i-flowered on peduncles less
than in., capsule |-| in. funnel-shaped subsessile nearly glabrous with triangular
Tenasserim or Anbamans, Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2295).
ereet teeth.
Rheede's plant (Hort. Mai. ix. t. 65) usually referred to S. macuS. maculata
lata is certainly not that plant it may be No. 20 S. speciosa, Zenk.
S.

11.

SARCOPVRAXKIS,

Wall.

An

Leaves petioled, ovate or lanerect glabrous herb ; stem quadrangular.

serrulate, 3-nerved.
Floicers in small clusters, pedicelled or nearly
Calyx-tube glabrous, obpyrasessile, axillary and terminal, small, rose-purple.
Sta??iens S,
Petals 4, ovate.
midal, 4-winged ; limb very short, 4-toothed.
equal ; anthers oblong, scarcely produced at the base, connective appendaged at
the base with a spur.
Ovary half-adnate to the calyx, 4- celled ; style filiform j

ceolate,

ovules very

many, placentas

axile.

Capsule crowned with four large scales,

lx. melastomacejE.

Sarcoptjramis.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

541

opening by 4 valves at the top. Seeds numerous, obovoid, covered with prominent raised points, raphe not excurrent.
1. S. nepalensis, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 23; Cat. 4088; Benn. PI.
S. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 6290 ; Benn. I. c. ; Kurz in Journ. As.
Jav. Rar. 214.
S. grandiflora, Griff. Notul. iv. 678 ; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 639.
Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 77.

Nipal and Sikxim, alt. 4000-9000 ft. plentiful. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft.
Burma and Malay Peninsula Griffith, Kurz.
Stem often 2-6 in., succulent, weak, sometimes 18 in. with thick woody branches.
Leaves 2-4 in., from ovate to lanceolate, long-acuminate petiole h-l in. Calyx-tube
glabrous, sometimes with minute bundles of hairs between the bases of the teeth.
Petals scarcely \ in. Fruit about \ in., quadrangular, mouth of the calyx-tube very wide.
Triana reduces (in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxyiii. 77, 78) to this species Sonerila Naudiniana Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 565 with syn.
But Miquel removed this plant
from Sarcopyramis because it had 6 stamens there is no authentic specimen of it at
;

plentiful.

Kew.

12.

FKYLLAGATHIS,^ume.

IJerbaceous small shrubs with very short stems. Leave* opposite (or the terminal leaf solitary), large, petioled, orbicular, cordate, 7-9-nerved. Floivers in
Calyx-tube campanulate, glabrous or with long
a peduncled dense head, purple.
bristles near the top, teeth 4 (rarely 3), acute, long-setose.
Petals 4 (rarely 3),
Stamens 8 (rarely 6), equal anthers elongate, scarcely
ovate, acute, glabrous.
produced at the base, connective without appendage. Ovary adnate to the bottom of the calyx- tube, 4- (rarely 3-) celled, glabrous at the apex style filiform
Capsule broadly funnel-shaped,
ovules very numerous, placentas large axile.
opening by 4 valves at the top. Seeds ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid, with glandular hardly raised dots, raphe slightly excurrent along one side of the seed its
whole length. Distrib. Species 2 one Malayan, one Bornean.
;

leaves glabrous or
1. P. rotundifolia, Blume in Flora, 1831, 507
puberulo-glandular beneath, flower-heads with ovate bracts beneath. Korth. in
Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. t. 57 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. p. 332 Bot.
Mag. t. 5282 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 77. Melastoma rotundifolium,
Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. #riv. 12 DC. Prodr. iii. 149.
;

Tenasserim or Andamans, Heifer No. 2266.

Leaves usually 4-9 in. diam., obtuse or acute, entire, usually red beneath petiole
2-5 in., with long pendent coarse bristles or nearly glabrous. Bracts to the flower
Calyx-teeth from short-ovate with a mucro to
head red, in. wide and upwards.
ovate-lanceolate attenuate.
Capsule about \ in., fruiting pedicel about in. Heifer's No. 2266, in fruit, shows the capsule trigonous with smooth almost convex faces
the other typical examples show the fruit 6-8-ribbed, the ribs prominent in all these
the fruit is over-ripe and the wall partly broken down. Heifer's plant may be a
new species or even a new genus but the leaves are exceedingly like the well-marked

Malacca

Griffith,

Maingay.

leaves of Phyllagathis.

13.

MARUaXXA,

Blume.

Twining shrubs ; branches round, thickened at the nodes. Leaves opposite,

short-petioled, coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, cordate at the base, 3-nerved from
Cymes
the base besides two submarginal nerves, entire, tomentose beneath.
Calyx-tube cylindric,
axillary ; flowers 3-5, large, pedicelled, purple or white.

lx. melastomaceje.

542

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Marumia.

tomentose (and often bristly or stellate-hairy) ; lobes 4, persistent. Petals 4,

Stamens 8, unequal ; anthers elongate, opening by a single pore ; conobovate.
nective of the longer anthers carrying in front two long bristles and behind
Ovary at the base (or half
often one or two spurs or several twisted bristles.
its height) adnate to the calyx, 4-celled, densely hairy at the apex; style
Berry ellipsoid, crowned by the
filiform ; ovules numerous, placentas axile.
Seeds numerous, oblong-ellipsoid, with glandular scarcely raised
calyx-limb.
Distrib.
dots, raphe slightly excurrent along the whole length of one side.
Species 10, extending from the southern half of the Transgangetic Peninsula to

Borneo and the Philippines.

1. XME. nexnorosa, Blume in Flora, 1831, 505 ; branches rusty closely
pubescent snbtomentose, calyx-tube rusty closely pubescent stellate-tomentose
sometimes scabrous subtuberculate, teeth ovate-lanceolate acuminate. Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 279 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 532 ; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 82. M. affinis, Korth. in Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 241,
Melastoma nemorosum, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 8
t. 60 ; Miq. I. c. 533.
DO. Prodr. iii. 149 ; Wall. Cat. 4043.
;

Pinang; Wallich, SchomburgJc, Phillips. Malacca; Griffith, Maingay. Distrib.

Borneo, Sumatra.
Leaves 3-4 in., shining, minutely puberulous above, rufous-stellate beneath petiole
pedicels \-% in. Connective of the longer anthers at the base
in. Peduncle 1-2 in.
with two long bristles in front and several short twisted hairs behind.
;

-*-

M.

zeylanica, Blume in Flora, 1831, 505 branches rusty closely

2.
pubescent or subtomentose and with scattered spreading long bristles, calyxtube rufous-stellate tomentose and with spreading bristles \ in., teeth triangularBlume JRumph. t. 5 Triana in Tram. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 82. M.
lanceolate.
echinulata, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 280 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
534. Melastoma rhodocarpum, Wall. Cat. 4045.
;

Malacca; Maingay. Singapore; Wallich, Walker, T. Anderson. Distrib. Malaya to the Philippines.
Leaves 3-4 in., shining above, rufous-stellate beneath petiole - in. Peduncle
Connective of the longer anthers at the base with two long
1 in., pedicels \-^ in.

bristles in front and several short twisted hairs behind.

Var. subglabrata; leaves beneath glabrous except the nerves. Singapore, T.
Anderson.
;

branches rusty tomentose

3. TfL. reticulata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 34
and with spreading scattered long bristles, calyx-tube rufous-stellate tomentose
and with spreading bristles \ in. from clustered tubercular bases, teeth short
triangular in the bud ovate rounded reflexed after flowering tomentose within.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 82. M. stellulata, Korth. in Verh. Nat.
Gesch. Bot. 243, not of Blume.
;

Malacca Maingay No.

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2269).
Distrib. Sumatra and Java.
Leaves 2-5| in., -shining impressed-reticulate above, with scattered stellate pubescence beneath petiole in. Peduncles -1 in., chiefly from the upper axils forming
a quasi-terminal panicle pedicels \ in. Connective of the longer anthers at the base
with two long bii sties in front; anthers very long, sigmoid. M. oligantha, Naud. in
Ann. Sc. hat. ser. 3. xv. 300 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 534 is said by Triana to be
also a syn. of M. reticulata^ Blume.

Malay Peninsula

784.

Dissochceta."}

lx. melastomx6e;e.

(C. B. Clarke.)

543

UISSOCHiETA, Blume.

14.

Shrubs, usually/twiners. Leaves opposite, petioled or nearly sessile, elliptic

or oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base, 3-nerved from, the base besides two
subniarginal nerves, entire. Flowers large or small, in terminal sometimes
Calyx-tube campanulateleafy panicles, purple or -white, bracts large or small.
cylindric, densely stellate-tomentose pubescent or glabrous
limb obscurely
Petals 4.
4-lobed, more rarely distinctly 4-toothed, persistent.
Stamens 8, unequal, 4 shorter sometimes wanting, connective of the 4 longer with 2 long
Ovary adnate to the
bristles in front at the base (in all the Indian species).
calyx, 4-celled, apex glabrous or densely hairy; style filiform; ovules very
many, placentas axile. Berry ovoid or elliptic, crowned with the calyx-limb.
Seeds ellipsoid, flattened on the side of the raphe. Distrib. Species 16, extending from Pinang and Malacca throughout Malaya to the Philippines.
;

Anthers very long, attenuate iqnvards.

X>. annulata, Hooh.f. ms.; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83;
branches panicle and leaves beneath with much rufous stellate tomentum, panicle
narrow leafy with large bracts to the young flowers, calyx-tube of the buds more
than in. densely woolly-rufous and stellate-hairy, teeth distinctly triangular.
Melastoma bracteatum, Wall. Cat. 4044, partly.
1.

Mount Ophir, Malacca,

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2268).
Distrib. Borneo.
Leaves 3-4^ in., glabrous above or minutely pubescent on the nerves petiole in.
Panicle consisting of axillary cymes (exactly resembling that of Marumia reticulata') ;
bracts f in., oblong, caducous ; pedicels less than \ in. Fruit (not ripe) ellipsoid,
calyx-mouth enlarged, teeth somewhat rounded. The stem of this plant has rings
-at the nodes as in Marumia
its natural affinity seems altogether with Marumia
reticulata and M. nemorosa it recedes from M. reticulata only by the absence of the
long bristles on the calyx-tube so common in Marumia from M. nemorosa it recedes
by the quasi-paniculate inflorescence and the absence of any twisted hairs at the base
of the connective other than the two long bristles in front.
Pinang; Wallich,

Maingay No.

788.

2. D. punctulata, JLook.f. ms.\ Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83;

branches and panicle densely closely dark-red furfuraceous, panicle narrow not
leafy, bracts small linear deciduous, calyx-tube \-\ in. densely dark-red furfu-

raceous, teeth short triangular in the expanded flower.

Malacca; Griffith (Kew

Pinang Walker.

Distrib. No. 2291);

Maingay No.

789.

Singapore and

Leaves 2|-3i in., glabrous above, with scattered dark-red stellate hairs beneath ;
Fruit (not ripe)
petiole i-| in. "Panicle terminal, pedicels hardly more than in.
campanulate (seems about to become ovoid), calyx-teeth not then prominent, nor the
mouth enlarged.
3. D. bracteata, Blume in Flora, 1831,495; branches upwards and
panicle with small stellate pubescence, panicle somewhat spreading not leafy,
bracts large oblong longer than the expanding buds, calyx-tube v>f the buds
i-i in. with more or less stellate pubescence limb (in the bud) nearly entire or
Triana in Trans.
very obscurely 4-toothed. Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 529
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84. D. bracteosa, JSaud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 76
Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 527. Melastoma bracteatum, Jack in Trans. Linn.
;

JSoc. xiv.

Wall. Cat. 4044, partly.


544

li. MELASTOMACEiE.

Pinang;

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Dissochceta.

Malacca Maingay No. 791, 793.

glabrous above, with scattered stellate hairs beneath petiole
\ in. Pedicels 0- in. Petals rose (Jack). Fruit ellipsoid, mouth of the calyx enMaingay's example No. 791 has larger flowers than the "Wallichian types but
larged.
appears to agree otherwise: the fruits in Maingay's examples are more than ^ in.
long (though not ripe).
Wallich, Porter.

Leaves 2| 3^

in.,

4. D. pallida, Blume in Flora, 1831, 500; branches and panicle minutely pubemlous with microscopic stellate often evanescent hairs, panicle somewhat spreading not leafy with minute lanceolate caducous bracts, calyx-tube of
the buds \-\ in. minutely pubemlous or glabrous, limb (in the bud) nearly
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 77, t. xv.
entire or very obscurely 4-lobed.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 528 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83.
f. 4
D. ovalifolia, Naud. I. c. 76 Miq. I. c. 527.
D. superba, Naud. I. c. ; Miq. I. c.
D. astrosticta, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 318. Melastoma pallida, Jack in Tram.
Linn. Soc. xiv. 12 DC. Prodr. iii. 150 ; Wall. Cat. 4049.
;

Pinang; Wallich. Malay Peninsula; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2292). SinWalker, Maingay No. 792. Distrib. Malaya Archipelago.
gapore, Pinang &c.
Leaves attaining 6 by 3| in., glabrous above, dotted beneath with separate stellate
miDute hairs petiole f in. Pedicels less than \ in. Fruit ovoid, mouth of the calyx
much enlarged. The 4 shorter stamens are sometimes obsolete, which accounts for
the multiplication of species here by authors.
;

** Anthers

shoi-t,

oblong , truncate, not narrowed upwards.

This section is much more distinct from section * than the latter is from Maruthere is no case of intermediate anthers, they are either decidedly truncate or
very elongate. The three species of this section ** are very closely allied the panicle
is large and lax, the ultimate pedicels short, the bracts caducous, the flowers small,
the calyx-limb from the bud trancate or only very obscurely 4-lobed.

mia

5. D. intermedia, Blume in Flora, 1831, 493; leaves beneath and

panicle stellately tomentose sometimes ferruginous, fruit \ in. broad more or less
pubescent crowned by the enlarged calyx-mouth not distinctly ribbed. Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat: ser. 3. xv. 72 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 524 ; Triana in
Melastoma rubiginosum, Wall. Cat. 4052, partly.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83.

Pinang and Singapore

Wallich.

Malay Peninsula,

Griffith

(Kew Distrib. No.

(Kew Distrib. No. 2286). Distrib. Malay Archipelago.

Leaves 3 in. petiole \ in.
Nodes of panicle often much thickened.
rather larger than in the two following species.
2287), Heifer

Flowers

6. J>. celebica, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 36; leaves beneath and panicle
rufous-stellate tomentose, fruit less than f in. broad minutely pubescent ribbed,

calyx-limb caducous leaving only a scar. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 530
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83. D. microcarpa, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
Miq. I. c. 523. D. bancana, Miq. I. c. 529. Melastoma fallax,
ser. 3. xv. 72
M. rubiginosum, Wall.
Wall. Cat. 4050 ? Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 13.
;

Cat.

mm, partly.

Pinang pWallich. Malay Peninsula Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2288). Malacca; Maingay No. 790. Singapore; T.Anderson. Distrib. Malay Archipelago.
;

Leaves 3
tinct

in.

petiole \ in.

from the preceding

Nodes of panicle often much thickened.

Not well dis-

species.

7. D. gracilis, Blume in Flora, 1831, p. 498; leaves beneath and panicle

glabrous or very nearly so, fruit less than in. broad glabrous ovoid much nar-

lx. melastomacej:.

Dissochceta.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

545

rowed upwards, calyx-mouth appearing only as a scar. Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch.
Bot. 267 Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 75 Miq. Fl. Jnd. Bat. i. pt. i.
526; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 83. Melastoma gracile, Jack in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xiv. 14 DC. Prodr. iii. 149. M. fallax, Wall. Cat. 4080. ? M. glauca,
;

Griff. Ic. PI. Asiat. 637.

Pinang and Singapore

Wallich.

Distrib.

petiole sometimes | in.

8 or 4, as in the two preceding species.

Leaves 3

oblong,

in.

much exceeding

Malay Archipelago.
Nodes of panicle often thickened. Stamens
Petals nearly white (Jack).

Bracts \

in.,

the expanding buds.

15.

&NFLECTBUM, A.

Gray.

Leaves opposite, short-petioled, entire, oblong, narrowed

Twining shrubs.
upwards, 3-5-nerved from the base. Floioers not large, white, in terminal paCalyx-tube ovoid, limb obscurely 4-lobed or
nicles sometimes leafy at the base.
Petals 4.
Stamens 4 perfect anthers attenuated upwards, opening
truncate.
by one pore, connective at base shortly appendaged or subnude, never with two
long bristles in front imperfect stamens 4, 2, or 0, with a rudimentary anther
often bicaudate.
Ovary 4-celled, free at the apex, with 4 vertical ridges
'

ovules many, placentas axile. Berry ovoid or globose, crowned

Seeds very many, small, falcate, obovoid; raphe long,
lateral.
Distrib. Species 12, extending from Mergui, Pinang and Singapore
to Borneo, and the Philippines.
style simple

with the calyx-limb.

glaucum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84 excl.many of the

leaves 4-6 in. from a broad or subcordate base glabrous beneath suddenly
narrowed into a short obtuse subcaudate tip. A. cyanocarpum, Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 78, not of Triana. Dissochseta spoliata, Naud. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. ser. 3. xv. 69, t. 4, fig. 1 ; Miq. Fl. Jnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 521. Melastoma
cernuum, Wall. Cat. 4054, not of Roxb.
M. glaucum, Wall. Cat. 4055. Osbeckia tetrandra, Roxb. Fl. Jnd. ii. 224.

A.

1.

syn.

Pinang Wallich. Mergui and Malay Peninsula

Maingay No. 793-2. Tenasserim or Andamans
2290).
Distrib. Malay Archipelago.
;

2289)

Griffith\Ke^ Distrib. No.

Heifer (Kew Distrib. No.

Flowers cernuous. Shorter stamens 4, 2 or 0. Fruit -i in. broad. Pedicels and

calyx-tube minutely puberulous, plant otherwise glabrous.
A. cyanocarpum, Triana.
has the stem somewhat thickly covered with long spreading bristles. None of the
plants collected within the area of the Indian Flora show such bristles
the two species may not be distinct, but Mr. Kurz, while not uniting them, says that Heifer's
No. 2290 is Triana's A. cyanocarpum, which must be wrong, as Triana has written A.
glaucum on Heifer's No. 2290.
:

2. A. pallens, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 38

leaves l-2 in. glabrous or minutely puberulous beneath 3-nerved (scarcely 5-nerved) suddenly narrowed into
a long obtuse subcaudate tip. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 304 Miq.
Fl. Jnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 554 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84. Melastoma
petiolare, Wall. Cat. 4053.
;

Pinang Wallich, Porter. Malacca Maingay No. 795, 2663. Distrib. Sumatra,
Borneo.
Shorter stamens usually 0. Fruit in. broad, glabrous. Young calyx-tube often
minutely but densely rufous tomentose. Some of the Archipelago examples have
leaves 4| in. and are then very like A. glaucum.
n n
vol. n.
;

546

lx.

melastomace^.

[Anpledrum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

3. A. divaricatum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84, partly)

branchlets panicles and leaves beneath with ferruginous stellate tomentum.
Dissochaeta anceps, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 70. D. palembanica,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 317.
D. glauca, Blume in Flora, 1831, p. 501.
Melastoma glauca, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 15. M. polyanthum, Benth. in
Wall. Cat. 4051.

Pinang ; Wallich, Walker. Malacca Griffith, Maingay No. 794 Cuming, No.
2259. Distrib. Java to Philippines.
Leaves usually 2-2 in., oblong, acute, glabrous above or rufous stellate-tomentose
on the nerves petiole ^-\ in. Young calyx-tube densely stellate-tomentose. Shorter
;

4. A. annulatum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84; branches

nearly glabrous but with scattered patent bristly hairs, more thickened at the
nodes than the other species and with a ring of dense rufous tomentum below
each node, leaves nearly glabrous beneath. Melastoma annulatum, Wall. Cat.
4056.

Pinang; Porter.
in., glabrous, oblong, cordate at the base; petiole |-^ in., with spreadPanicle with spreading bristles, and rufous-tomentose. Young calyx
ing bristles.
rufous-tomentose, Fruit in. broad, ovoid, ultimately glabrous or nearly so.

Leaves 4-5

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

A. assamicum, C. B. Clarke stem with coarse spreading bristles somewhat annulated at the nodes, leaves very large short-petioled elliptic-lanceolate with spreading
bristly hairs on the nerves beneath otherwise glabrous.
Assam, foot of the Naga Hills, and Bhotan, Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2285).
Branches stout. Leaves 5-7 in., very acute, cordate at the base petiole - in.,
densely coarsely bristly. Panicle (in fruit) terminal, large, repeatedly trichotomous
fruits very numerous (like those of Anplectrum), smooth, campanulate at the base (not
Flowers not seen.
ripe in. broad).
;

Ac BARBATU3r, t THawa in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 84; Melastoma? barbatum,

Chappedong in Martaban.
The Wallichian example exhibits neither inflorescence, flowers nor fruit, and is
indeterminable. Leaves 4 in., ovate, shortly acuminated, glabrous; petiole in.,
glabrous but with a dense erect fringe of rusty bristles on its upper face stem nearly
Wall. Cat. 4082 from

glabrous.

16.

MEDINILLA,

Gaud.

Branching shrubs, erect or scandent. Leaves opposite or whorled, entire,

often fleshy, glabrous in all the Indian species, usually longitudinally 3-9-nerved.
Floivers in terminal panicles or lateral cymes, white or rose, with or without
Calyx-tube ovoid or cylindric, limb truncate or
bracts, 4- or 5- rarely 6-merous.
obscurely toothed. Stamens twice as many as the petals, equal or nearly equal
(rarely unequal) ; anthers opening at the top by one pore ; connective not (or
very shortly ) produced at the base but having two tubercles in front and a spur
behind. Ovary inferior, 4-6-celled, usually glabrous at the apex ; style filiform;
ovules very many, placentas axile. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx.
Seeds very many, ovoid or subfalcate, raphe often thickened and excurrent.
Distrib. Species 50 ; mainly in Malaya, East Bengal and Ceylon ; a few are
found in the Fiji Archipelago and in the East African islands.


IX. iiELASTOMACE^.

Medinilla.]
*

Flowers in axillary cymes

(C. B. Clarke.)

(see also 10.

547

M. himalayana).

t Leaves whorled.

M.

rosea, Gaud, in Freyc. Toy. Bot. 484, t. 106; branches round,

1.
leaves obovate-oblong 3-nerved the two lateral nerves near the margin, flowers
4-merous. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 286 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
;

xxviii. 85.

Malacca, Mount Ophir; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2282), MaingayTSo. 796.
Distrib. Marianne Islands.
Cymes 3-10-flowered. Flowers large. Anthers
Leaves l in.; petiole \ in.
shortly produced at the base, connective having a short spur. Berry nearly \ in.
Seeds falcate-ellipsoid, raphe not excurrent.
broad, ovoid.
branches round, leaves
2. BX. macrocarpa, Blume Humph, i. 14, t. 2
obovate-oblong acute 3-nerved, flowers 5-merous. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. 3. xv. 293 ; Mia. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 544 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
;

xxviii. 86.

799.
Distrib. Malay Archipelago.
Cyme 3-10-flowered. Flowers large. CalyxLeaves 2-4 in. petiole - in.
limb even in the bud truncate entire in Maingay's examples. Anthers long, produced at the base, spur of the connective long. Berry \ in. wide, hardly narrowed
upward. Seeds falcate-ellipsoid, smooth, raphe not excurrent.

Malacca; Maingay No.

;

tt Leaves

opposite.

AX. Hasseltii, Blume in Flora 1831,

branches round verruproduced far

above the fruit, seeds obovoid smooth slightly flattened on the side of the raphe
which is not produced. Mia. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 542. M. crassifolia, Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 86, partly. Melastoma laurifolium, Wall. Cat. 4084.
3.

p.

513

cose, leaves lanceolate, flowers 4-merous, fruit ovoid, calyx-rim not

Singapore; Wallich. Malacca; Maingay No. 1ST. Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

Leaves 4-7 in., 3-nerved, an obscure pair of nerves very near the margin sometimes added, very acuminate, narrowed at the base in the Indian examples (less so in
Blume's authentic specimen) petiole ^-\ in. Anthers at the base distinctly but
shortly produced, spur of the connective short.
Fruit in. diam. Keduced to M.
crassifolia by Triana but, as Blume observes, the leaves are much longer, with
shorter petioles, and the flowers 4-merous.
The true M. crassifolia, Blume, has not
been found in British India.
Var. Griffithii cymes lateral on short peduncles but greatly developed repeatedly divided with opposite branches at right angles and sometimes 40 flowers on one
cyme.Mount Ophir, Malacca; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2282).

4.

what

BK.

rubicunda, Blume

in Flora, 1831,

512

branches round some-

striated, leaves elliptic or lanceolate, flowers 4-merous, fruit ovoid, calyx-

rim very short, seed obovoid smooth slightly flattened on the side of the raphe
which is not produced. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 288, t. 13, fig. 1
Miq. Fl Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 539 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 86.
M. erythrophylla, Lindl. in Paxt. Mag. Bot. x. 79 Naud. I. c. 289 Miq. I. c.
540.
Melastoma rubicunda, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 18; DC. Prodr.
iii. 148
Wall. Cat. 4086. M. erythrophyllum, Wall. Cat. 4085.
;

Subtropical Himalaya from Sikkim eastward. Khasia Mts., alt. 2000-5000 ft.,
Pinang Wallich, Distrib. Sumatra.
Leaves 2-6 in., narrowed at both ends, 3-5-nerved, one pair of nerves often
Peduncles rarely 1 in.
starting \ in. above the base of the leaf; petiole 0- in.

common.

NN

548

lx. MELASTOMACEiE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Medlnilla.

Anthers at the base very shortly produced, spur of the connective very short. Fruit
^-i in. diam., when ripe black, edible though insipid, rim of the calyx then evanesThis plant really differs little from M. Hasseltii but in its typical form the
cent.
also the anthers at the base and the spur of the
leaves are elliptic nearly sessile
connective are even shorter.

5. BX. fuchsioides, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 12; branches
round somewhat striated, leaves subsessile elliptic-oblong subcuneate at the
Thwaites Enum. 106 Triana
base, peduncles 1-3-flowered, flowers 4-merous.
;

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 86.

Newera Ellia and Horton Plains, Thwaites,

3-5-nerved, minutely glandular beneath (Thwaites). Peduncles
Petals a fine lake below, white at top. Ansolitary pedicels and calyx rose-purple.
Fruit in. diam.,
thers shortly produced at the base, connective with a short spur.
subglobose.
The specimens of this very succulent plant are imperfect and the above
description is mainly compiled from Gardner and Thwaites' description.
Ceylon

Gardner

Leaves 2-3J

in.,

6. BX. maculata, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. viii. 13 ; branches

quadrangular angles waved winged, leaves subsessile ovate obtuse or oblong
obscurely crenate, peduncles 1-3-flowered, flowers 4-merous small.
Thwaites
Enum. 106 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 86, excluding the syn. Don.
;

Ceylon

Central Provinces, alt. 3000-5000 ft., Thwaites, Macrae, Walker.

Leaves f-l in., 3-nerved, minutely glandular beneath (Thwaites).
Calyx-tube
green-red. Petals | in., pale-rose. Anthers shortly produced at the base, connective
with a short spur. Fruit in. broad, very small, subcampanulate.
Var. Thwaitesii, leaves cuneate-obovate. Ceylon; Hellesseen, Pasdoon Corle,
Thwaites No. 3443.
;

7. BX. Beddomei, C. B. Clarke ; branches round, leaves short-petioled

orbicular or broad-elliptic, peduncles 1-flowered, flowers 4-merous large.
M.
Triplectrum radicans,
radicans, Bedd. Jc. PI. Jnd. Or. t. 184, not of Blume.
W. 8f A. Prodr. 324.

"Western Peninsula

Kurg, Wight.

Wynaad,

alt.

2000-3500

ft.,

Beddome.

much

thicker than those of M. maculata. Petals (in

Wight's own No. 1151) more than \ in. Beddome says the flowers are " 14-15 lines
Anthers prominently produced at the base, spur of the connective also promilong."
four additional imperfect stamens sometimes present {ex Beddome).
nent
This
plant wholly differs from M. maculata (with which Triana unites it doubtfully) by
its much larger flowers as well as different leaves and anthers.
It does not appear
however that Triana ever saw Wight's No. 1151. Nor did Beddome, who doubts if
it can be the same as his M. radicans
with which however it agrees perfectly.

Leaves 1-1|

in.,

3-nerved,

8. BX. malabarica, Bedd. 1c. PI. Jnd. Or. 157

branches round striate
somewhat verrucose, leaves 2-3 in. elliptic narrowed to both ends 3-5-nerved,
;

petiole less

than \

in.,

flowers 4-merous, anthers oblong short truncate subnude

at base.

Anamallays and Nilghiris,

alt.

3000-4000

ft.

Beddome.

Peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered. Flowers large. Filaments long, anthers short

with two glandular swellings at the apex of the filament inside, spur of the connective perceptible behind but very small.
This species in leaves and inflorescence
is much like M. rubicunda but in its anthers it is altogether remote, and approaches
Pachycentria.

** Flowers in terminal panicles or quasi-lateral cymes.

lx. melastomace^:.

Medinilla.]

speciosa, Blume

(C. B. Clarke.)

549

in Flora 1831, 515;

branches thick smooth

in. in whorls of 4 or 3
less often in pairs subsessile obovate-lanceolate 7-9-nerved one pair of nerves
starting 1-4 in. above the base of the leaf.
Bot. Mag. t. 4321 Wand, in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 291 Miq. Fl Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 540 Triana in Tram. Linn.
Melastoma eximium, Blume Bijd. 1072, not of Jack.
Soc. xxviii. 87.
9. III.

with numerous erect

bristles at the nodes, leaves

6-10

Malaya

Maingay No. 798. Distrib. Java, Moluccas.

Panicle long, branches whorled bracts \ in., narrow obovate-lanceolate pedicels
calyx and petals rose. Anthers shortly produced at the base, spur of the connective
short.
Fruit \-\ in. broad, ovoid, rim of the calyx shortly produced above the fruit.
;

BX. himalayana, Hook. f. ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.

branches round smooth striate, leaves nearly sessile broadly elliptic, cymes
terminal and quasi-lateral trichotomous, peduncles 1-1 in., pedicels divaricate
10.

88

in fruit.

SncxiM alt. 3000-6000 ft. J. D. H. Khasia Mts. Surareem, alt. 5000 ft.
B. H., C. B. Clarke.
Leaves 2\ in., 3-5-nerved almost from the base, obtusely acuminate petiole not
Flowers in. diam., rose. Anthers 2-tubercled at the base, connective without
| in.
a spur. Berry in. diam., spherical. This species has been confounded in herbaria with M. rubicunda, which is found over the same area. In M. himalayana
;

J.

the terminal panicle is small and often only quasi-axillary panicles are seen but the
peduncle is much longer than in M. rubicunda and the branches of the panicle in
fruit are divaricate, not ascending as in M. rubicunda.
:

11. BX. pauciflora, Hook. f.

Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 88
ultimate branchlets subquadrangular, leaves sessile elliptic, cymes terminal very
short few-flowered.
;

Sikkim at Darjeeling Herb. Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2283).

Leaves l in., 3-nerved from the base, abruptly acuminate. Flowers in. diam.,
very shortly pedicelled.
Calyx-tube campanulate, limb obscurely 4-toothed. Anthers
Only one
small, linear, with two tubercles at the base, connective without a spur.
example of this has been seen the inflorescence is strictly terminal ; the locality is
"
not quite" certain and may be East Himalaya."
;

IMPERFECTLY

M. Maingayi,

KNOWN AND DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

B. Clarke, glabrous, branches round smooth, leaves 1-1 in.

opposite sessile cuneate-obovate obtuse 3-nerved, flowers 4-fid, petals \ in., anthers
oblong narrowed upwards opening by a terminal pore with two tubercles at batee and
no distinct spur on the connective, seeds oblong elliptic smooth larger than in the
other species of Medinilla.
Malacca Maingay No. 807, 806.
There is nothing to show the nature of the inflorescence or the shape of the berry.
C.

M. Griffithii, C. B. Clarke; glabrous, branches round remotely verrucose,

leaves 5-7 in. elliptic acuminate at both ends 3-nerved, petiole -f in., inflorescence
Mishmee ; Griffith (Kew
in weak axillary cymes, fruit small, seeds of the genus.
Distrib. No. 2281).
This differs by its large long-petioled leaves from all the other species.
C. B. Clarke; glabrous, branches round smooth, leaves 2-3|
obtuse 3-nerved, petiole -* in., cyme compound, anthers oblong narrowed upwards with a terminal pore, a iong spur to the connective near the
base but the tubercles at the apex of the filament very obscure. Mergui Griffith

M. merguiensis,

in. obovate-elliptic

(in

Herb. Wight).
Only a detached fragment of the panicle

centria.

is

preserved.

This

may

be a Pachy-


550

(C. B. Clarke.)

LX. melastomacej:.

[Medinilla.

POGON ANTHER A, Blume.

17.

Shrubs, nearly glabrous

branches round, minutely scaly.

Leaves opposite,

petioled, oblong or ovate, entire, glabrous, 3-nerved.

Flowers small, pulveruCalyx-tube cainpanulent, in small terminal panicles having opposite branches.

Petals 4, lanceolate.
limb 4-toothed.
Stamens 8,
subquadrangular
equal anthers oblong, acute, opening by a terminal pore, not produced at the
base connective at the base bearded behind with a tuft of hairs, not spurred.
Ovary half-inferior, 4-celled, with a tuft of hairs at the apex style filiform
ovules very many, placentas axile. Berry small, globose, 4-celled, crowned with
Seeds very many, obovoid-oblong, smooth. Distrib. Species
the calyx-limb.
late,

in

Malaya from Malacca

to Borneo.

1. P. pulverulenta, Blume in Flora, 1831, 521; Korth, Verh. Nat.

Gesch. Bot. t. 65 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 678 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 553 ; Triana
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 89.
Melastoma reflexa, Blume I. c. ; Naud. in Ann.
Se. Nat. ser. 3. xv. 303
Triana I.e. M. pulverulentum, Jack in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xiv. p. 19 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 149 ; Blume Bijd. 1072.
M. rubicundum, Jack
1. c. 18; DC. I.e. 148 ; Wall. Cat. 4086.
;

Maxacca and Singapore

Wallich, Griffith, Maingay.

Distbib. Through Malaya

to Borneo.

narrowed to both ends, 3-nerved with sometimes other two

margin petiole \-^ in., with two tubercles or auricles at its
apex. Panicle 2-3 in. and as much broad, short-peduncled, with minute bracts at the
divisions.
Berry about. | in. broad, narrowed beneath the small calyx -limb. Blume
distinguishes as P. reflexa, a form with white transparent petals having a minute
tooth on each margin, and which occurs creeping on rocks near the seashore as
noted by Jack and Griffith, from the typical P. jmlverulenta which occurs in the
forests, and which has red petals powdered with yellow and a tooth on each side.
The distinction between the limb of the petal being toothed or only tumid cannot be
traced in the dried specimens
and Blume's subsidiary distinctions regarding the
texture of the leaves and the presence or absence of the extra pair of submarginal
veins do not hold. Jack named the white-flowered form rubicundum because the
panicle and calyces are in it a fine rose-purple.
Leaves 3-4 by l-2

in.,

faint nerves close to the

18.

ASTRONIA,

Blume.

Shrubs with round branches.

Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate or oblong,
Flowers in terminal panicles, small, white or purple.
Calyxtube campanulate, glabrous or puberulous limb irregularly truncate or 3-8-lobed.
Stamens 8-10-12, equal ; filaments short, broad anthers short,
Petals 4-5.
obtuse, opening by slits down the front, connective spurred at the base or unapOvary inferior, 2-5-celled, glabrous at the apex style short, stigma
pendaged.
capitellate ovules numerous, placentas axile, nearly basal. Capsule finally breaking up irregularly. Seeds very many, linear, raphe excurrent. Distrib. Species
12 ; in Malaya, the Fiji and Navigator groups and Tahiti.
entire, 3-nerved.

1. A. smilacifolia, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 152 ; glabrous,

panicle and calyx-tube minutely brown-rufous tomentose, calyx-limb minutely
5-lobed.
Melastoma smilacifolia, Wall. Cat. 4057.

Pinang

Wallich.

Malaya

Maingay No.

808.

lx. MELASTOMACEiE.

Astronia.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

551

Leaves 4-5 in., lanceolate and broad-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends petiole
Panicle 1-3 in., ultimate pedicels 0-| in. Petals less than | in., obovate.
in.
Capsule -j in. broad, ovoid or hemispheric.
;

i-l

PTERNANDEA, Jack.

19.

Glabrous shrubs with round branches.

Leaves opposite, sessile or short-pe-

Flowers small, in axillary (and terminal) small cymes or panicles. Calyx-tube verrucose, campanulate
limb truncate, obscurely 4-toothed.
Petals 4, blueish or white.
Stamens 8,
equal ; filaments short, subulate ; anthers broad-oblong, obtuse at both ends,
opening by slits, connective simple at the base or very shortly spurred behind.
Ovary inferior, 4-celled, apex flat glabrous style long, stigma clavate ovules
very many, placentas sub-basal. Berry ovoid, truncate. Seeds very many,
cuneate-obovoid, raphe excurrent on one side towards the end, somewhat anDistrib. Species 6 (or perhaps 2 only), from Pinang and Malacca
gular.
through Malaya to the Philippines.
tioled, ovate or lanceolate, entire, coriaceous, 3-nerved.

1. P. caerulescens, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. 61 ; leaves 2-4 in. ovate

or lanceolate, stamens blue.
Wall. Cat. 4077
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 153 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 509 and in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 79.
Ewyckia cyanea, Blume Humph, i. 24, t. 8; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 568
Triana I. c. E. Jackiana, Walp. Rep. v. 724. E. paniculata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Suppl. 321 ex Kurz.
Apteuxis trinervis, Griff. Notul. iv. 672. Nov. Gen.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 225.
;

Pinang and Malacca

cobabs

Kurz.

Mebgtti

Wallich.

Malacca

Cuming,

Griffith.

Disteib.

Griffith.

Tenassebim Heifer. NiThrough Malaya to the

;

Philippines.

Leaves narrowed at the base; petiole 0- in. Panicles 1-3 in., terminal and in
the upper axils, very short-peduncled, often crowded with many flowers, ultimate pedicels very short, bracts minute.
Berry \ in. broad, narrower at the mouth.
Vab. Jackiana petioles attaining \ in., cymes axillary few-flowered. Malacca

Griffith;

Maingay No.

801.

P. capitellata, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. Addenda prefixed to the paper

leaves 6-8 in. ovate or broad-elliptic, cymes hardly 1 in. axillary fewflowered dense.
Wall. Cat. 4079
W. $ A. Prodr. 325 ; Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 153 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 509 and in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
79.
Ewyckia capitellata, Walp. Rep. v. 724 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 568.
E. medinilliformis, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 261.
2.

p.

Pinang Jack, Wallich. Tenasseeim Heifer (Kew

Maingay No. 802. Singapobe Wallich.
;

lacca

Leaves widest near the base

the leaves are usually
;

P. caerulescens
4

petiole less than \ in.

much

P. paniculata,

Distrib. No. 2279).

Doubtfully

distinct

Mafrom

larger while the cymes are smaller.

Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4080 leaves short-petioled norends of the branches dividing into bundles of smallleaved branchlets on which are the scattered flowers.
P. latifolia, Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 153. Ewyckia latifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 6.
3.

mally

elliptic or lanceolate,

Pinang; Porter.
Malacca; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2273). Disteib.
Sarawak.
The normal leaves are about 5 by 2 in., the abnormal leaves on the " panicles " are
very narrow lanceolate, often 1 by ^-^ in. This is probably only a proliferous state of
P. ccerulescens as Korthals and Miquel treat it.


552

lx. MELASTOMACEiE.

20.

(C. B, Clarke.)

K.IBESSIA,

[Pternandra.

DC.

Leaves opposite, short-petiLarge shrubs, glabrous or minutely pubescent.

oled, ovate or oblong, entire, coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers axillary, long-peduncled, solitary or clustered, large (except in K.tuberculata); peduncles 1-3-flowered,
Calyx-tube campanulate or hemispheric,
pedicels 2-bracteolate in the middle.
covered with elongated scales or simple tubercles limb 4-lobed and persisPetals 4, ovate or oblong.
Stamens 8,
tent or calyptriform and deciduous.
equal, filaments short, subulate ; anthers short, very thick, opening by slits,
Ovary inferior, 4-celled, apex
connective at the base naked or shortly spurred.
;

glabrous depressed

style filiform, stigma clavate ; ovules very many, placentas

scales or tubercles, or in K. tuber-

Berry subglobose, covered with

sub-basal.

Seeds cuneate-obovoid, angular.

culata ultimately nearly smooth.
Species 14 confined to Malaya, from Pinang to Borneo.

Distkib.

leaves narrowed at
1. XL. simplex, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bat. 253
the base, calyx-tube with oblong-linear scales those towards the top of the tube
about \ in. persistent in the fruit, calyx-limb calyptriform, fruit ^ in. broad.
Blume Mus. Bat. i. 9 Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 152. K. cupularis,
Dene, in Deless. Ic. Sel. v. t. 5 and in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. v. 317. Pternandra
echinata, Jack in Mai. Misc. ii. Addenda prefixed to the paper 3 Wall. Cat.
4078, for the most part.
;

Pinang and Malacca Wallich, Griffith, &c. Singapore T. Anderson. Distkib. Borneo, Philippines.
Young branches obscurely quadrangular, rusty puberulous. Leaves 2-3 in., oblong
or elliptic, acuminate, when young pubescent beneath, when mature glabrescent or
with rusty pubescence on the nerves; petiole |- in. Peduncles 1- (less often 3-)
flowered
Scales of the calyx-tube minutely
bracts nearly \ in., oblong, persistent.
rusty pubescent.
;

2. XL. pubescens, Dene, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. v. 318; leaves oblong base somewhat rounded or subcordate,' calyx-tube with triangular short
subulate scales, those towards the top of the tube scarcely | in., limb 4-lobed
persistent, fruit ^ in. broad.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 152. Pternandra echinata, Wall. Cat. 4078, letter a only.

Pinang, Wallich.

Young branches obscurely quadrangular, rusty puberulous. Leaves 2-3 in., oblong
or elliptic, acuminate, when mature with minute rusty pubescence beneath, nerves with
longer pubescence petiole hardly in.
Scales of the calyx-tube minutely rustypubescent. Apex of the ovary in fruit concave, with 16 radiating lines.
Very near
the preceding species.
;

acuminata,

Dene, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. v. 316 ; leaves narat the base nearly glabrous, calyx-tube with triangular
scales those towards the top of the tube linear elongate, limb calyptriform acuminated into a linear point. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 153.
3.

XL.

rowed or rounded

Singapore ; Walker, Maingay No. 804.

Young branchlets and peduncles minutely rusty pubescent. Leaves 2-3 in., oblong
or elliptic, acuminate, when mature glabrous or scarcely rusty pubescent on the nerves
beneath petiole scarcely in. Bracts of the buds \ in., ovate.
;

;;

lx. melastomacej;.

Kibessia.~\

(C. B. Clarke.)

553

in Gen. PI. i. 772

young calyx-tube
4. K.. tuberculata, Hook.
f.
covered with sessile flat tubercles, limb 4-toothed, fruit ovoid nearly glabrous
Rectomitra tuberculata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 7 ; Triana in Trans. Linn.
finally.
Soc. xxviii. 153.
Ewyckia tuberculata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 255 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 569.
;

Maingay No. 805. Distrib. Sumatra.

Branchlets round, glabrous.
Leaves 2-3 in., ovate or elliptic, shortly acumipetiole ~J in.
nate, glabrous
Peduncles glabrous, clustered, 3-5-flowered bracts
Fruit ^-\ in. diam.
less than in.

Malacca

ZMCEBXECVIiON,

21.

Linn.

Shrubs or trees, glabrous. Leaves opposite, short-petioled or sessile, coriaceous,

Flowers
orbicular ovate or lanceolate, entire, pinnate-nerved rarely 3-nerved.
usually in small axillary rarely terminal simple or panicled cymes or umbels.
Calyx-tube campanulate, glabrous ; limb dilated, truncate or shortly 4-lobed.
Petals 4, blue or white, rarely reddish. Stamens 8, equal, filaments long
anthers short, opening by slits in front, connective ending in a horn behind.
Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; apex glabrous surmounted by a convex or depressed
disc with 8 radiating grooves ; style filiform, simple ; ovules 6-12 (in M.
Maingayi 20 at least), whorled on a free central placenta. Berry globose or
ellipsoid, crowned with the calyx-margin, 1-seeded.
Seed large, cotyledons
convolute.
Distkib. Species about 100 (but very difficult and many doubtful
of determination) numerous in South-East Asia and its islands ; a few extending
into Polynesia and Australia, several in tropical Africa.

The following is merely an artificial key to the material at Kew the species
which appear tolerably distinct from M. edule are taken first and the last group
contains the enormous mass of specimens that appear difficult to separate from M.
:

edule.

Leaves 3-nerved from the base.

I.

Thwaites Enum. 113; leaves long caudate1. UK. Arnottianum,

acuminate, apex obtuse, peduncle 1 in. very slender.
Triana in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxviii. 159.

Eugenia

capitellata,

Am.

Pugill. 17.

" at no great elevation," Thwaites, Walker.

;
Shrub 10-1 2 ft. branchlets slender, round. Leaves 2-2

Ceylon

in.,

somewhat

distichous,

petiole
suddenly acuminated, base roundish, punctate on both surfaces
flowers few, very small, sessile at their apex
Peduncles solitary
scarcely
in.
Berry scarcely \ in. diam., globose, areola
in. wide.
petals white {Thwaites).
variety communicated by Mr. Thwaites has the leaves much larger, 4^ in., the acuminated apex much shorter.
elliptic,

UK.

2.

Gardner!,

Thwaites

Enum. 113

nate, inflorescence clustered, peduncle

xxviii. 159.

Ceylon

0-

in.

leaves acute scarcely acumiTriana in Trans. Linn. Soc.

alt. 2000-5000 ft.

Thwaites.
small tree ultimate branchlets quadrangular. Leaves broad-elliptic, narrowed
Flowers white {Thwaites), very
at the base, opaque, pellucid-punctate ; petiole in.
small buds very acute.
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering funnel-shaped, disBerry size of a pea, spherical, purple-black.
tinctly 4-toothed.

II. Leaves pinnate-nerved, often very opaque, midrib always conspicuous,

nerves conspicuous or obscure.


554
*

[Memecylon.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. MELAST0MACE2E.

Ultimate hrancldets quadrangular (see also No. 21, 22, 24, 37, 40).

t Leaves usually more than 4

in.

(nerves often distinct).

3. UK. Wig-htii, Thwaites Enum. 113; leaves 3-4^ in. subsessile ellipticlanceolate base cordate, peduncle 0, pedicels clustered ^-\ in., calyx-tube at
the time of flowering subcanipanulate.

Canara Ritchie. Ceylon, alt. 3000-4000 ft., Thwaites.

ultimate branchlets stout, acutely quadrangular. Secondary nerves
Buds obtuse, calyx-limb 4-dentate.
conspicuous, marginal looped nerve obscure.
in. diam., globose.
United by Triana with M. amplexicaule
Petals blue. Berry
No. 24, which has round stems, much larger flowers, and the calyx-tube at the time
of flowering saucer-shaped.

"Western Peninsula

tree 25

ft.

\~

Kookeri,

4. VtL.

Thwaites

Enum. 113

leaves 6-9 in. sessile oblong-lan-

ceolate base cordate, peduncle 0, pedicels \ in. clustered, calyx-tube at the time
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.
of flowering saucer-shaped.

Ceylon

alt.

1000

ft.

Thwaites.

An

erect shrub 8-12 ft., sparingly branched ; ultimate branchlets stout, acutely
quadrangular. Leave's very conspicuously nerved, secondary nerves running into a
conspicuous marginal nerve. Buds obtuse, but apiculate ; calyx-limb obscurely 4Berry in. diam., spherical, finally black -purple. Thwaites
lobed.
Petals blue.

has sent (under No. 2686*) examples marked " M. Hookeri, variety with exalate
branchlets, sessile flowers."
These examples have perfectly round branchlets and
seem in all respects identical with No. 25 M. macrophyllum, Thwaites.

Griffithianum, Naud.

in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 274 leaves

nearly sessile linear-lanceolate rounded or somewhat acute at
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
the base, peduncle 0, pedicels -f in. clustered.
xxviii. 158, not of Kurz, in For. Fl. i. 515. M. cseruleum, var. 3 Grinithianuin,
Kurz, For. Fl. i. 511.
5.

IME.

5-7 by 1-1

in.

Griffith (No. 2323 Kew Distrib.).

Ultimate branchlets 4-winged. Leaves somewhat opaque, secondary nerves visible,
marginal quite obscure; petiole 0- in. Flowers rather large, pale blue (Griffith);
buds obtuse. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering funnel-shaped, limb nearly trunDisc depressed, conspicuously rayed. M. Horsfieldii, Miquel, said by Kurz
cate.
{Joum. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. 54) to be a synonym of M. Griffithianum, widely
differs
of M. Campongum, Miquel, also given as a synonym by Kurz, no authentic
specimen exists at Kew. In Joum. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 82, and For. Fl. i. 515,
Kurz quotes for M. Griffithianum Heifer's No. 2331, from which it is clear that he
refers to No. 20 M. grande, Eetz, var. merguica.

Mergui

m.

eleg-ans, Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 307, For. Fl. i.
leaves 3-4 in. elliptic obtuse narrowed at the base, petiole ^-f in., peduncles in. 3 or 4 together carrying mostly simple umbels, pedicels in.
6.

514

South Andaman Island Kurz.

;

shrub ultimate branchlets distinctly quadrangular. Leaves with the secondary

nerves visible, marginal quite obscure.
Peduncles quadrangular.
Flowers blue
(Kurz).
Calyx-tube somewhat large, at the time of flowering saucer-shaped ; disc on
the apex of the ovary depressed, prominently rayed.
Var. dichotoma leaves 3-4 in. subsessile ovate-elliptic acute or shortly acuminate, cymes very short, peduncle 0- in., pedicels ^-| in.
Malacca, Griffith (No. 2324
Kew Distrib.) Mount Ophir, Maingay No. 818, 820. Branchlets somewhat flattened, repeatedly forked, ultimate quadrangular, at least under the nodes.
Leaves at
the base rounded or acute but not at all acuminate, secondary nerves conspicuous,
;

lx. melastomace,e.

Memecylon.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

555

marginal obscure petiole sometimes manifest, attaining T\ in. Flowers blue, somewhat large, buds obtuse. Calyx-tube truncate even in the bud. Disc depressed
Berry in. diam., spherical, areola very small, about -X- in!
distinctly rayed.
;

wide.

ff Leaves rarely attaining 4

7.

M. amabile,

in.,

usually opaque, nerves obscure.

Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 163 leaves l-2 in. nearly
opaque, base cordate, peduncles -f in. 1-3 together
;

sessile oblong-lanceolate

axillary

and terminal, pedicels

\ in.

South Canaba

Beddome.
G-hats, up to 2000 ft.
Cymes small, simple on each peduncle or compound but close. Calyx-tube funnelshaped at the time of flowering, limb truncate buds obtuse. Petals blue. Disc
plane (Beddome). Very probably a form of M. terminate No. 22 with quadrangular
branchlets but the peduncles are rather shorter, and the flowers smaller.
Vab. malaccensis leaves l-2| in. oblong acuminate base rounded very opaque
coriaceous, peduncles | in. clustered axillary and terminal, cymes simple, pedicels less
than I in. Malacca, Maingay No. 819. Branchlets quadrangular, 4-winged below
;

in.
Buds acute, not large. Calyx-tube saucer-shaped at the
the nodes. Petiole
time of flowering limb in the bud nearly truncate. Disc depressed, obscurely rayed.
This is perhaps really allied to M. pauciflorum No. 10, but the leaves differ
materially in their rounded base and acuminate apex.
;

EI. eleg-antulum, Thwaites Enum. 112 leaves 3 in. narrow-lanceolong acuminate apex obtuse, panicles filiform somewhat elongate fewflowered, pedicels subsolitary one half longer than the calyx. Triana in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159.
8.

late

Ceylon Saffragam district at no great elevation Thwaites.

Leaves acute at the base, nerves obscure petiole ^ in. Flowers white.
spherical, the size of a pea.
;

Berry

leaves 1-1 in. elliptic9. Tit. gracile, Bedd. Lc. PI. Lnd. Or. t. 164
lanceolate acuminate apex obtuse, peduncles solitary ^ in. 8-flowered, pedicels
.fin.
;

Travancore and Tinnevelly Ghats

Beddome.

Col.

small tree or large shrub ; branchlets slender, distinctly quadrangular. Leaves

opaque, nerves very obscure
petiole i-i in.
Petals pale blue.
Disc distinctly
rayed.
Beddome describes the pedicels as 2-3 in. long, probably a misprint for 2-3

lines.

10. JUL.

pauciflorum, Blume Mus. Bot.

rhomboid oblong or

i.

356

leaves -l in. subsessile

obtuse or acute but not acuminate opaque acute at

the base, peduncles scarcely any, pedicels less than \ in. Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i.
pt. i. 578
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158 Kurz For. Fl. i. 514. M.
australe, F. Muell. ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviiL 159.
M. umbellatum,
Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 293, not of others.
elliptic

Chittagong
No. 2332).

H. f.

Andamans

T.

Mergui

Kurz.

Griffith

Singapore

Tenasserim, Heifer

(Kew

Distrib.

Lobb Distrib. Through Malaya

North Australia.
A tree 20-25

to

Calyx at the time of

ft. high.
Flowers minute, whitish (Kurz).
Buds very acute or rostrate.
saucer-shaped.
Disc distinctly rayed.
Berry | in. diam., spherical, areola scarcely
in. wide; pedicel - in. Miquel
(Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 578) says that M. pauciflorum is hardly more than a form
of M. myrsinoides Blume ; and Blume's authentic specimens hardly differ except
flowering

556

lx. melastomacej:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Memecylon.

Triana in Kew Herb, has referred a

larger.
myrsinoides, viz. Wall. Cat. 4019 (M. wmbellatum,
Wall.), which has round stems, petioled leaves, buds not rostrate, and is M. edvle or
very near thereto.

by the leaves being considerably

totally

different plant

to

M.

ellipticum, Thwaites Enum. 112;

11. IMC.

petiole

0-^

in.

but often

obtuse or shortly acuminate apex obtuse,

base round or acute not acuminated, peduncles clustered 0- in., pedicels atTriana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159.
taining | in.
distinct, leaves

in. broad-elliptic

Ceylon between Galle and Katnapoora at no great elevation Thwaites, Walker,

Gardner.
A small tree. Calyx at time of flowering saucer-shaped, small. Flowers white.
Nerves of the leaves obscure, but the marginal ones visible. Mr. Thwaites appears
it seems the same as 3479, and has small
to have issued his No. 1557 without name
in. wide.
globose berries about in. diam., the areola scarcely
;

12. JVI. varians, Thwaites Enum. 112 leaves -l| in. oblong acute or
obovate rhomboid or elliptic obtuse always narrowed at the base, nerves very obscure, petiole 0- in., inflorescence densely clustered hardly extending \ in. from
the stem, buds obtuse, calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped, disc
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159. M. parvivery obscurely rayed.
foliurn, Thwaites Enum. 113
Triana I. c.
;

Ceylon

alt. 2000-7000 ft., Thwaites.

small tree. Petals white or blue. Berry \-\ in. diam., spherical, shortly pediareola
in. diam., prominent.
Thwaites says that his M. jparvifolium is
possibly a variety of his M. varians but that the leaves are cuneate at the base and a
good deal smaller ; but in 2927 (marked M. varians) the leaves are smaller than in
most of his M. parvifolium and very cuneate at base. This species is very near M.
ellipticum Thwaites, but differs by its leaves not acuminated.
It is also very near
M. pauciflorum (No. 10) which differs in its rostrate buds and strongly radiate disc.
Lastly the branchlets are sometimes nearly round and then 'it has been named M.
capitellatum or M. edule.
;

celled,

** Ultimate branchlets round.

t Berry large, %

in.

diam. or more.

procerum,

Thwaites Enum. 415 leaves 6-10 in. elliptic acuminate subacute at the base, petiole - in., berry - in. diam. subsessile areola
prominent f in. wide.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.
13. INC.

Ceylon

Pasdoon and Hinidoon Corle, Thwaites.

30-40 ft. high. Leaves thick, but both the secondary and looped marginal
nerves can be seen, much paler beneath petiole grooved on the upper surface. Calyx
in. broad (in flower ?).

tree

14. IMC. ovoideum, Thwaites Enum. 112

leaves 3 in. round-elliptic
base cordate sessile or exceedingly shortly suddenly narrowed into a minute
petiole, peduncle 0, pedicels very short clustered.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii. 159.
M. macrocarpum, Thwaites Enum. 110.
;

Ceylon

alt. 4000-5000 ft,, near Adam's Peak; Tliwaites.

small tree \ branchlets thick.
Leaves very thick, coriaceous, nerves obscure.
Berry in. diam., areola raised on a cylindric neck, disc within the mouth elevated
and strongly rayed in the ripe fruit. Thwaites ovoideum No. 2622, among other
things differ ^n the mouth of the fruit which is depressed not radiate and is to be
referred to M. revolutum No. 27.
;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomaceji.

Memec7jlon.~\

557

i. 362
BX. heteropleurum,
in. nearly
narrowly elliptic acuminate nerves distinct, inflorescence close axillary,
buds obtuse, flowers large. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. i. 579 Triana in Trans.

Blume Mus. Bot.

15.

leaves 4-6

sessile

Linn. Soc. xxviii. 157.

Burma and Malay Peninsula

Griffith (No.

Singapore; Maingay No. 815.

Leaves acute, but not at all acuminate at the base

2337

Kew

Malacca;

Distrib.).

Maingay No. 816.

Distrib. Sumatra and Java.

both the secondary and marginal
nerves prominent.
Calyx-tube saucer-shaped at the time of flowering, limb truncate
even in the bud. Disc flat, prominently rayed, Berry \ in. diam. or more, areola
\ in. wide, somewhat prominent, disc much depressed.
;

16. BX. cerasiforme, Kurz, For. Fl. i. 516; leaves 3-4 in. elliptic
acuminate at both ends coriaceous, berries in short cymes in. diam. very

succulent.

Chittagong

Kurz.

Leaves dried olive-yellow, lateral nerves obscure petiole | in. Flowers not seen.
Peduncles (of the fruits) in., pedicels \ in. Berries blue-black unusually succulent.
;

BXaing-ayi, C. B. Clarke leaves 8 in. subsessile oblong-lanceorounded or subcordate at the base secondary and marginal nerves prominent, cymes clustered axillary, peduncles and pedicels about in. stout, flowers
very large, buds obtuse, calyx-tube at the time of flowering campanulate limb
truncate disc somewhat convex very prominently rayed.
17. XIX.

late

Malacca; Maingay No, 814.

The finest species of the genus, the flowers being far larger than in any other speMaingay's example does not show fruit,
cies, the calyx-tube in bud nearly in. wide.
but from the

size of the flower it

may

be presumed that

it

would be

large.

18. BX. microstomum, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 5 in. sessile ovate or oblong subobtuse cordate at the base opaque, flowers small densely clustered axilin. dia^n..
lary, berry nearly in. diam., calyx-limb 0, areola scarcely

Malacca

Keddah Peak, Maingay No.

821.

Malay Peninsula,

Col.

Low.

Leaves thick, subamplexicaul, marginal nerves obscure,

small tree (Maingay).
secondary visible. Pedicels less than \ in., slender. Buds obtuse ; calyx-tube
funnel-shaped at^he time of flowering, rays of the disc very obscure.

ft Berry less than ^ in. diam.

merguicum and M. grande.
19.

Amherstianum,

BX.

very thick nerveless, petiole

Amherst

in.,

M.

Inflorescence 2 in. or more, except in

C. B. Clarke, leaves
panicle large terminal.

2-3

in. oblong acute

Wall. Cat. 9127.

Wallich.

Flowers in close umbels at the summits of the ultimate branches of the panicle.
Differs from M. paniculatum, Jack, in the much smaller and thicker leaves.
leaves 3-5 in. elliptic or somewhat
20. BX. grande, Retz Obs. iv. 26
ovate acuminate narrowed but not at all acuminate at the base, petiole in.,
peduncles -1 in. solitary or 2-3 together thick, berry nearlyfcf*in. wide areol^
Triana in Trans. Linn, <Wi9 &. 158.
Wall. Cat. 4103
in. wide.
M. edule var. 0, Thwaite^^m'irllO. M> amlaxiflorum, Wall. Cat. 4472.
WL
biguum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 359 ; Triana I.e.
;

M,

Ceylon

Thwaites, No. 3442.

Singapore; Wallich. Distrib. Java.

FtooS

/
lx. melastomacejs.

558

(C. B, Clarke.)

[Memecylon.

Nerves of the leaves subprominent, marginal more obscure, apex obtuse often out
of one plane so that in drying it is either broken off or crumpled and turned on one
Buds obtuse, not large. Calyx-tube at the
Branches of the cyme glabrous.
side.
time of flowering saucer-shaped, limb truncate. Disc scarcely depressed, rays prominent. As regards the name of this species, that of Retz is cited by Triana, and
As regards the
his description **uits the species, but will also suit several others.
plant itself, the flowers and fruit are identical with M. edule var. ovatum; but the
Thwaites is very
leaves are rather larger and the inflorescence rather more effuse.
likely right in regarding it as a variety of M. edule.
Var. 1. Horsfieldii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 572 (sp.) nerves less prominent, inM. celastrinum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 515. Pegu, Kurz.
florescence shorter, buds acute.
Malacca; Maingay No. 811.
Var. 2. pubescens leaves 3-4^ in. glabrous elliptic suddenly acuminate, cymes
Malacca; Griffith
proliferously umbellate, branches distinctly rusty-pubescent.
(Kew Distrib. No. 2336). Branchlets round. Leaves acute, hardly acuminate at
petiole ^ in.
Inthe base, secondary and marginal nerves somewhat prominent
Calyx (in flower time) very small, shallow, saucerflorescence in young flower 2 in.
Fruit not seen. This variety is marked by Triana, M. amVise rayed.
shaped.

biguum Bl. ?.
Var. 3. khasiana

leaves 3-4 in. elliptic acuminate at both ends, apex acute,

petiole | in., fruit in a lax panicle extending 2-3 in., berry \ in. wide areola someKhasia Mts. ; Griffith (No. 2333 Kew Distrib.).
in. wide.
what prominent
Leaves dried yellow, not very thick but rather opaque, nerves evident, marginal
Peduncle in fruit 1-1$ in., pedicels often in. The remains of the disc
obscure.
;

fruit show that it was in flower prominently rayed.

Very near
but has the leaves more acuminate at both ends.
4-6
in.
elliptic
merguica;
leaves
and
broad-elliptic
Var. 4.
obtuse narrowed
gradually to the base subepetiolate, nerves somewhat distinct, peduncles solitary or
M. G-riffithianum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
clustered -f in., cymes compound.
Mergui Griffith. Tenasserim or Andamans; Heifer
1877, pt. ii. 82, not of Naud.
(No. 2331 Kew Distrib.). Leaves (in all the examples) with scattered glands on
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped or almost
the lower surface.
funnel-shaped, limb subtruncate. Buds medium-sized; obtuse disc on the apex of
the ovary rayed prominently. Fruit \ in. diam., areola j% in. wide.

in the

mouth of the

var. Horsfieldii

21. XIX. costatum, Miq. in Blume Mus. Bot. i. 360; leaves 5-8 in.
subsessile oblong-lanceolate cordate at the base secondary nerves strongly impressed, thyrsiform, Miquel, peduncles and pedicels exceedingly thick.
Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 573; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.157. M. grande,

Blume

Bijd. 1095

Wall. Cat. 4101.

Malacca; Maingay No.

813.
Distrib. Java, Sumatra, Borneo.
small tree branchlets round but with four short acute wings at the base of
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering campanulate, limb truncate. Disc
the leaves.
depressed, rays prominent. Berry \ in., ellipsoid, longer than broad areola promiin. wide.
nent, more than
A species well marked by the prominent short wings
on the branchlets at the base of the very short petiole.

ttt Berry

less

date at the base,

than %

sessile

in. diam.
Inflorescence
or very shortly petioled.

less

than 2

in.

Leaves cor-

UK. fcMgainale, Bah. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 121 leaves l-2 in.
opaque, peduncles | 1 in. slender 1-3 from the same axil axillary and tetmigj^^^icels umbelled. Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158
Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. FL 93.

22.

la-nceo]

Southern Gnats of the Deccan Peninsula

Canara

Gibson, Dalzell.


Memecylon.']

shrub 2-3

lx. melastomacejj.

(C. B. Clarke.)

559

Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped,

limb truncate. Buds not large nor acute. Disc depressed, rays obscure. Berry
i in. wide, ovoid, subglobose (broader than long), areola in. wide.
This species
has the branchlets with 4 lines and sometimes almost quadrangular: it is probably
not distinct from M. amabile No. 7.
ft.

(Dalzell).

23. IKE. ceeruleum, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 26 (not of GuiU. fy Perr.) ;

leaves 4-6 in. ovate or oblong acute not acuminate, berry ^ in. ellipsoid much
longer than broad areola prominent in. broad. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
580; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158; Kurz For. Fl. i. 511. M. cordatum, Wall. Cat. 4100, partly ; Griff. Notul. iv. 673. M. manillanum, Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 276 ; Miq. I. c. 576.
M. lutescens, Presl Epim.
Bot. 208, not of Naud.

Southern

Malay Peninsula with

its

islands,

plentiful.

Distbib.

Philip-

pines.

Shrub 10 or 12 ft. Leaves opaque, sessile, rounded at the base, secondary and
marginal nerves inconspicuous. Peduncles clustered, thick inflorescence 1-1 \ in.
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering funnel-shaped buds obtuse. Flowers somewhat
Disc much depressed, rays obscure. Widely cultivated in Benlarge, intense blue.
gal, &c, for the sake cf its bright blue flowers.
The branchlets are round as Jack
states and not quadrangular as Presl states
but there is no doubt as to Presl's
plant as he describes from Cumming's No. 2322 which is M. ceertdewn. Of Kurz's
M. caruleum, var. 2. floribundum, I know nothing.
Vab. pulchrum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 510 (sp.); peduncles and pedicels more slender.
Andamans, Kurz. Kurz's specimens have the inflorescence hardly more slender
than in M. cteruleum. Kurz appears to have abandoned the distinction he founded
on the less ellipsoid berry.
;

24. BX. amplexicaule, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 260 leaves 2-6 in. elliptic or
oblong amplexicaul, peduncle 0, pedicels less than \ in. slender clustered,
Wight
berry in. globose or subovoid, areola in. broad somewhat prominent.
Ic. t. 279
W.$ A. Prodr. 320 Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 277 Miq.
M. depressum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4101 Triana
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 580.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158. M. sessile, Wall. Cat. 4112. M. cordatum,
;

Wall. Cat. 4100 partly.

Pinang Roxburgh,

Wallich.

Leaves sometimes acuminated, secondary nerves prominent. Buds small, obtv

Flowers pale yellowish-blue. Disc depressed, rays obscure. Berry not longer
broad.
This (and not M. cmruleum, as Triana says) is certainly Koxburff'
amplexicaule, for, besides other reasons, Koxburgh's figure, preserved at
yellow flowers.
Vab. 1. malabarica; leaves often not exceeding 2-3 in., sometime distinctly
petioled, never acuminate, secondary nerves obscure.
Nilffhiris, Mts.
plentiful.
Not from Ceylon, for Thwaites, No. 2570 cited^by Trianr

No.

3.

Vab. 2. cordata, Wight mss.

not remote from No. 7 amabile.

branchlets distinctly quadran r.'.ilur.

macrophyllum,

Thwaites Enum. Ill

25. BX.
lanceolate, peduncles 0, pedicels short, berry in. di r
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.

Ceylon;

ait.

1000-3000

Leaves with the nerves

ft.,

^
sphfiical.

:ii=

in.

seems

oblong-^

Triana in

Thwaites.

little

impressed but

":t>th

ihe

econdary and marginal

lx. melastomace.*:.

560

[Memecylon.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Neither Mr. Thwaites' examples nor his

Petals pale blue (Thwaites).
description show this species to differ from M. amplexicaule except by the leaves
being larger (see No. 4. M. Hookeri).

are visible.

leaves 1
26. XIX. orbiculare, Thwaites Enum. 112
very thick and opaque, pedicels less than \ in. clustered.
Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.
;

Ceylon;

A small
shaped.

alt.

tree.

1000

ft.,

Buds

diam. orbicular
Triana in Trans.

in.

Hinidoon Corle; Thwaites.

Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucerDisc obscurely rayed.

Petals blue.

small, obtuse.

27. TIL. revolutum, Thwaites Enum. Ill ; leaves 3 in. round-elliptic

coriaceous nerves impressed, peduncles clustered rather stout in fruit f in.,
Triana in Tram. Linn.
berry \ in. diam. spherical mouth less than in. wide.
Soc. xxviii. 359.
Thwaites.
alt. 5000 ft., Eambodde
small tree. Flowers small, white. Berry black -purple. Whole inflorescence
not exceeding 1 in. in the fruiting example communicated by Mr. Thwaites, but Mr.
Thwaites' picture shows it 2 in. very dense and compound in flower.

Ceylon

28. TIL. deccanense, C. B. Clarke) leaves 4-5 in. narrowly oblongM.

lanceolate, peduncle 0, pedicels clustered less than \ in., flowers small.
Heyneanum, Wight Ic. t. 278 ?. M. Wightianum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxviii.

158 (not M. Wightii, Thwaites).

Deccan Peninsula

Wight.
ultimate branches terete. Leaves rounded and almost
cordate at the base, opaque, thin, secondary nerves not prominent; petiole in.
r }parated by Triana from M. Heyneanum from which it considerably differs. As to
Vight Ic. t. 278 it exhibits exactly the leaves of the present species, but the in&orescence appears rather to belong to the next.

Branches with 4

tttt Berry

4-6

lines,

less

in., long-petigled,

in. diam.
Inflorescence less than 2
narrow-lanceolate, acurninate at the base.

than ^

Heyneanum,

in.

Leaves

Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4102 leaves 4r-7 in. lanceoimpressed narrowed into the petiole \ in., inflorescence
less than 1 in., peduncles usually short, buds large acute.
W. fy A. Prodr. 319
Triana \, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158. M. jambosoides, Wight Ic. t. 277 ;
^num. 112 Miq. Fl. Lnd: Bat. i. pt. i. 580.
Thw-''29. TIL.

late elongate nerves

eninstjla;

Courtallum

&c.

Wight.

Ceylon;

up

to

3000

ft.,

the time of flowering broadly funnel-shaped, limb truncate. Disc

Berries less than in. diam., spherical, nearly sessile. The typical
ith. is a well marked and easily recognised plant: but the two
Waites could never have been referred to it in the herbarium,
berry is as much as | in. diam. in the Ceylon plants, but his
Dot show fruit.
ves broader a fresh green colour narrowed almost to the
ly any true petiole, nerves visible but slender and hardly
No. 2468.
leaves linear-lanceolate when dry orange yellow thick and
1555.
-

'


(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomacejE.

Memecylon.']

561

ttttt Berry

less than % in. diam.

Inflorescence less than 2 in.
Leaves
than 4 in., distinctly acuminate, often rostrate, base not cordate,
(See also M. grande above). N.B. This series only differs
petiole short.
from the M. edule series by the more distinct acumination of the leaves.

usually

less

BX. leevig-atum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 358; leaves 2-3 in. broadsuddenly shortly acuminate at both ends, petiole | in., peduncles clusMiq. Fl. Ind.
tered 0-\ in., inflorescence not f in., buds large very acute.
Bat. i. 576
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 157 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 513.
M. Myrtilli, Blume I. c. 357 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 578. M. pachyderma, Wall.
Cat. 4104.
M. Vosmaerianuni, ScMeffer in Flora 1870, 249.
30.

elliptic

Tavoy; Wallich. Tenasserim and Andamans; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2328).
Malacca; Maingay No. 817. Distrib. Java, Sumatra, Borneo.
Branchlets round (Blume says subquadrangular in M. Icevigatum, terete in M. Myrtillus; but they seem all the same and never distinctly quadrangular).
Leaves somewhat thin but opaque, nerves obscure but can be seen. Peduncles occasionally terminal
axillary.
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering more than in., wide, sauceras well as
Disc on the apex of the ovary obscurely rayed. Berry \ in. diam., globose,
mouth small.
Var. sylvaticum, Thwaites Enum. 110 (sp.) petiole somewhat shorter, leaf long
decurrent (but in Thwaites' example No. 1567 the leaves are petioled exactly as in
M. sylvaticum). Ceylon alt. 2000-4000 ft. common, Thwaites. As Mr. Thwaites
remarks, some of his examples of M. sylvaticum, are very near M. edide they differ
by the more acuminate leaves and the larger, sharply acute buds. Triana in Herb,
inquires how the two differ.

shaped.

subsessile,

31. XIX. intermedium, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 358; leaves 2-4 in. oblonglanceolate acuminate at each end somewhat rostrate with the apex obtuse,
petiole ^-\ in., peduncles solitary axillary \-\ in., pedicels few - in., buds
somewhat large acute. M. umbellatum, Blume Bijd. 1094 ; Naud. in Ann. & Nat. ser. 3. xviii. 273; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 157. M. garcih
p
nioides j3. elongatuni, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 358.

Tenasserim or Andamans; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2335). Distrib. Sumatra,

Java.
Calyx-tube at the time of
Leaves somewhat thin, nerves all slender but visible.
flowering saucer-shaped.
Disc on the apex of the ovary obscurely rayed.
This
species is exceedingly near M. Icevigatum the leaves are narrower with a longer
manifest
peduncles
give a slightly
acumination the simple umbels at the summit of
different look to the inflorescence.

leaves 2-3 in. elliptic-lan32. XtX. plebejum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 513
ceolate acuminate acute at the base, petiole - in., cymes lateral short, otherwise like M. edule.
;

Pegu; Kurz.
Leaves opaque, nerves scarcely

visible,

communicated exhibits neither flower nor

marginal quite obscure. Kurz' example

must be doubt whether the

fruit, so there

subjoined var. belongs.

Var. silhetense peduncles 0- in. clustered, inflorescence extending hardly in.,
calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped or somewhat funnel-shaped small,
Chattuck, in the plain of Sylhet.
disc on the apex of the ovary prominently rayed.
H.f. cf T. Leaves exactly those of M. plebejum Kurz. Marked M. Icevigatum
Blume ? by Triana, but the inflorescence as well as the leaves must be nearer M. plebejum, unless all are referable to one species.
VOL. II.
-


562

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. MELAST0MACE2E.

[Memecylon.

acuminatum,

33. JDX.
Smith ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158
leaves 2-2 in. broad-elliptic acuminated at both ends apex long rostrate obtuse,
petiole - in., peduncles solitary (or 2 together) \-\ in., cyme somewhat lax

compound, bud3 very acute not

Malacca

Griffith

(Kew

large.

Distrib. No. 2325-1).

Leaves nearly concolorous, opaque. Peduncles sometimes terminal as well as

Disc on the apex of the ovary distinctly rayed. This can hardly be more
than a variety of M. Icevigatum; it differs by its decisively rostrate leaves and smaller
Memecylon Maingay No. 810 (from Malacca) slightly differs by having
flowers.
the leaves much lighter coloured on the lower surface and shortly rostrate, the
peduncles shorter, and is still nearer M. Icevigatvm.
*.Var. flavescens; leaves 2^-3 in. elliptic acuminate at both ends apex rostrate
ob.tuse secondary and marginal nerves distinct, petiole -| in., inflorescence extending
->$ in., peduncles clustered about i in., cyme-branches repeatedly shortly divide'!,
Malacca; Griffith No. 2325-2. Leaves concolorous, greenish
flowers very small.
yellow in. the dried examples. Branches of the cyme minutely scabrous almost
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped, limb truncate. Disc
puberulous.
on the apex of the ovary distinctly rayed. Marked as " no v. sp." by Triana.

axillary.

BX. fuscescens, Thivaites Enum. Ill leaves 2-2\ in. nearly sessile
acuminate rostrate base acute, nerves slender but visible, inflorescence
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159.
extending less than in.
34.

elliptic

Ceylon
Berry
doubts if it

Kokool Corle, at no great elevation Thwaites No. 2926, 287.

Mr. Thwaites in a note on No. 2926
diam., spherical, ex Thwaites.
is really distinct from M. Icevigatum var. sylvaticum (No. 36 above).
;

in.

35. IVI. rostratum, Thwaites Enum. Ill leaves 1^-2 in. elliptic acuminate rostrate apex obtuse base attenuate opaque coriaceous; inflorescence extendTriana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 159.
ing less than | in.
;

Ceylon; Central Province,

3000-4000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites.

Berry \ in. diam., spherical, mouth scarcely

alt.

Petals white.

small tree.

in.

wke.

rhinophyllum,

Thwaites Enum. 110; leaves 2-3 in. subsesacuminate apex obtuse base acute opaque nerves very obscure,
inflorescence extending less than f in.
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
36. 3ME.

elliptic

sile

159.

Ceylon;

Central

Province

up to

3000

Walker,

ft.;

Thwaites,

No. 2928,

2572.

A small tree. Peduncles about in., clustered; cymes small, somewhat dense
buds small, notacute. Flowers pale blue. Berry % in. diam., black-purple, spherical.
Differs from the last species by its leaves sessile not acuminate at the base.
These
three Ceylon species (41, 42, 43) seem very close together, but Mr. Thwaites, who
knows them alive, keeps them separate.
But they are not so near together as the
Malayan species of Blume in this same series. In this (as in so many other cases)
there are only two courses open in order to represent all the material, viz., either a
large grouping of existing species or the founding of a number of new ones on very
;

slender grounds.

tttttt Berry less than in. diam. Lnflorescence less than 2 in. Leaves
4 m. f not acuminate though often acute, base not cordate.

usually less than

37.

DX. ang'ustifolium, Wight

Lc*. t.

row-oblong obtuse base .attenuate, petiole

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 158.

276

| in.

leaves 2 in. opaque very nar-

Thwaites

Enum. Ill; Triana


(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomacej:.

Memecylon.}

Deccan Peninsula

Ceylon up

568

to 2000

Wight, No. 1069.

Thwaites.
peduncles usually
Inflorescence dense, extending hardly f in.
edule.
Calyx-tube
at
the
time
M.
Flowers
of
of flowerblue,
as
-| in.,
ing saucer-shaped, limb truncate. Disc on the apex of the ovary depressed, very ob(Thwaites.)
scurely rayed. Berry size of a pea, black-purple.
Var. 1. attenuata; leaves still narrower elongate attenuate apex obtuse. Ceylon,

Shrub 6 8

high.

ft.

ft. alt.

clustered.

Thwaites.

Var. 2. Helferi branchlets quadrangular, berries \ in. diam. Tenasserim or Andamans; Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2334). This has been placed with M. angustifolium because of its narrow leaves, which are, however, more obtuse and less petioled
than those of M. angustifolium. If not placed here, it must form an additional
;

species near

M.

varians No. 12.

phyllanthifolium,

TJnvaites ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.

leaves in. nearly sessile narro*v-oblong obtuse narrowed at the
base coriaceous opaque.
38. XIX.

xxviii.

159

Ceylon, alt. 5000 ft. ; Thwaites.

Branches wiry, leaves approximate, resembling a small woody Phyllanthus.
Flowers very small, usually 3 on an axillary peduncle about in. Berry small, spherical, crowned prominently by the calyx-limb, but not ripe.
Entirely unlike every

other species in the genus.

campanulatum, C. B. Clarke leaves 2-4 in. subepetiolate

acute base attenuated opaque, calyx-tube at the time of flowering distinctly campanulate.
39. 1*1.

elliptic

Malacca;

Memecylon No. 5 (No. 2325

Griffith,

Kew

(not 2325-1 nor 2325-2) of

Distrib.).

Leaves suddenly narrowed, sometimes very shortly acuminate. Pedicncle

pedicels
in., clustered.
Calyx-tube even in the bud campanulate, limb truncate. Buds
somewhat acute. Disc on the apex of the ovary depressed, very obscurely rayed.
This has been treated as a var. of No. 23 M. caruleum, Jack; it seems >very much
\nearer M. leevigatum, from which it differs chiefly in the round (not acute) base of
the calyx-tube at the time of flowering.
;

-i

40. IVT. edule, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 82 ; leaves l|-3 in. elliptic or ovate acute
at both ends hardly acuminate, petiole - in., nerves obscure, calyx-tube at
the time of flowering saucer-shaped limb truncate.

Eastern Peninsula and Ceylon.

Flowers medium-sized, blue rarely white buds obtuse or at least not very acute.
Calyx-tube at the time of flowering saucer-shaped, limb truncate. Disc at the apex of
Berry in. diam., black-purple, globose or
the ovary depressed, obscurely rayed.
slightly ovoid, mouth about ^ in. wide.
The first three varieties run completely together which will account for the variety of quotation of the synonyms by authors var.
4 recedes further from the type. The remaining varieties are called species by most
authors.
M. myrsinoides, Blume, differs from M. edule by its quadrangular branchTriana reduces M. umbellatum, Wall. Cat. 4109, to M. myrsinoides, Blume:
lets.
but the examples of Wallich 4109 have the branchlets exactly round.
Var. 1. typica; peduncles clustered ^ | in., leaves acute or obtuse. M. edule,
Boxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 260; DC. Prodr. iii. 6; Wall. Cat. 4107; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb.
Kurz For. Fl. i. 512. M. edule var. o., Thwaites Enum. 111. M. umbelFl. p. 93
latum, Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 31. M. tinctorium, Keen, ex W. $ A. Prodr. 319 Wight
III. t. 93.
M. globiferum, Wall. Cat. 1108. M. pyrifolium, Naud. in Ann. 8c. Nat.
;

ser. 3. xviii. p. 277.

Var. 2. ramijlora inflorescence densely clothing the branches, peduncle often

(but not always) wanting. M. edule, Lamk. Diet. iv. 88 DC. Prodr. iii. 6 W. $ A.
o o 2
;


564

(C.B.Clarke.)

lx. melastomacej!.

M.

Prodr. 319.

Wall. Cat. 4112 ex W.

sessile,

Griff. Notul. iv. 673.

Var. 3. capitellata

A. Prodr. 320.

[Memecylon.
Not M. ramiflorum,

peSuncle more elongated sometimes 1 inch. M. capitellatum, Linn. DC. Prodr. iii. 6 Boxb. Hort. Beng. 28. ? Lamk. III. t. 284.
Var. 4. ovata leaves often 4 in. more rounded at the base more acute sometimes
subacuminate at the apex. M. ovatum, 8m. ex Kurz For. Fl. i. 512. M. edule,
M. umbellatum, Hb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4109. M.
var. 7, Thwaites Enum. 110.
M. prasinum, Naud. in. Ann. Sc. Nat.
tinctorium, var. )8, W. A. Prodr. 319.
ser. 3. xviii. p. 275.
M. grande, Wall. Cat. 4103, partly. M. lucidum and pyri;

folium, Presl Epim. Bot. 209, 210.

Var. 5. lata nerves distinct, peduncles elongate often l-l in., pedicels 0, calyx
prominently 4-toothed. M. capitellatum, Thwaites Enum. 110 {not of Linncetcs).
Ceylon Thwaites No. 1564, 1565 Walker Moon Major Champion. Called Samara
also
lata by Moon in Herb, by "which he understood Burmann's Fl. Zeyl. t. 30
M. Walker?, Hook, in Herb. also marked nov. sp. by Triana in Herb. Hook.
Var. 6. rubro-carulea, Thwaites Enum. 415 (sp.) Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ceylon; East Matelle Thwaites. Mr. Thwaites says this diifers from
xxviii. 159.
M. edule by the leaves more acuminated with the base more rounded. But the
specimen (No. 3809) sent to Kew has the leaves very obtuse not at all acuminated,
and narrowed into the petiole at the base in short it is a typical example of M.
edule var. 1 typica.
Var. 7- cuneata, Thwaites Enum. 112 (sp.); Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
159.
Ceylon alt. 3000 ft. ; Thwaites No. 2538. The leaves are cuneate attenuate at
the base, so that in some there is hardly any petiole ; otherwise the same as M.

edule.

Var. 8. leucantha, Thwaites Enum. 110 (spA; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
159. Ceylon; alt. 3000-5000 ft.; Thwaites; Gardner. This differs from M. edule
by its white flowers and its leaves more distinctly nerved.
Var. 9. scutellata, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 157. M. myrtifolium,
Wall. Cat. 4111.
M. obtusum, Wall. Cat. 4110. M. punctatum, Presl, and scutellatum, Naud. ex Kurz For. Fl. i. 513. Transgangetic Peninsula from Chittagong to
Singapore.
Distrib. Malay Archipelago. Leaves very thick, opaque, obscurely
punctulate on both surfaces, narrowed much at the base, subepetiolate otherwise
much like M. edule type. Kurz separates specifically M. punctatum, Presl, having

the calyx with a tubercled base, from M. scutellatum, Naud. having the calyx with a
smooth base. But both these descriptions of calyx may be seen on one branchlet, as
in Heifer No. 2330 Kew Distrib.
the tuberculation is caused by an insect.
Var. 10. Thwaitesii; calyx-tube in the bud distinctly campanulate, teeth after
flowering triangular. M. umbellatum, Thwaites No. 387, not of Burmann.
Ceylon,
alt. 3000 ft.
Burmann states that his umbellatum, Fl. Zeyl. t. 31 is called Warykaha by the Cinghalese, a name attributed by Thwaites to M. capitellatum, Linn. It
appears closely allied to M. capitellatum, Linn, but the very broad base of the calyx
in bud is unlike M. edule.
Var. 11. Rottleriana inflorescence lax extending 2-2^ in. Deccan Peninsula ?
Called M. capitellatum by Heyne in Herb. Bottler and probably the extreme form
of that variety.
Var. 12. molesta; branchlets distinctly quadrangular. Anamallay Mts. Wight
No. 1072. Wight's specimens are ample and beautifully preserved they are exactly
M. edule var. 2. ramiflorum, except that the branchlets (and even the branches) are
quadrangular. They are sufficient to shake the faith of any botanist in the whole
existing arrangement of the species of Memecylon.
:

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED

M. subquadrangulare, DC.

Prodr.

iii.

SPECIES.

no example known, and not recog-

nisable from description.

for

M. Royenii, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 360, is probably some form of M.

Blume states that it is the Wellie Kala of Burmann's herbarium.

M. floribundum,

Wall. Cat. 4113

is

a Eugenia.

edule, Koxb.,

565

(C. B. Clarke.)

lx. melastomacej:.

Memecylon.']

pyriforme, Wall. Cat. 4106 is not Melastomaceous.

paucifxorum, Wall. Cat. 4114 is Canthium glomeratum, Miq.
acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 4105 is not a Memecylon.
subtrinervium, Miq. var. grandifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii.
131, from the Nicobars, with leaves 8-10 in., and obovoid-oblong berries in. diam.,
is perhaps next to M. heteropleurum No. 1 9, but we have seen no specimen.
Two brancblets with detached leaves and fruits collected by Dr. T. Anderson at
Singapore are referred by Triana to Pachycentria tuberculosa, Korths, a Borneo
species.
The identification appears correct but this very imperfect material is the
only ground for supposing that the species has been collected within the limits of the

M.
M.
M.
M.

present Flora.

Order LXI.

LYTHRACEJE.

(By C. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Trees shrubs or herbs branches often quadrangular. Leaves entire, opposometimes alternate or whorled stipules 0. Inflorescence various, often in
cymes or panicles. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular, rarely oblique, unisexual in
Calyx-tube free, persistent; lobes 3-6, valvate, accessory often
Crypteronia.
added. Petals as many as the calyx-teeth, rarely 0, inserted near the top of the
calyx-tube. Stamens definite or very many, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary
free, in the bottom of the calyx- tube (rarely inferior), 2-6-ceUed ; style long,
stigma capitate rarely 2-lobed ovules very many, placentas axile (rarely paFruit coriaceous or membranous, free or more or less adnate to the
rietal).
base of the calyx, 2-6-celled or by imperfection of the partitions 1-celled,
dehiscent or not. Seeds many, various in shape, angular round or winged,
albumen ; embryo straight, cotyledons convolute in Sonneratia and Punica.
Distbib. Species 250 ; in the tropics of the whole world especially of America
a few species scattered over the temperate zones.
;

site,

is

Nesjea triflora, Kunth, introduced into "Wight and Arnott's Prodromiis

a Mauritian plant collected occasionally in India.

Tribe
flowers.

I.

Ammanniese.

Low

II.

Lythreae.

1.

exsert

Trees or shrubs.

Petals often large wrinkled.

*

or aquatic herbs with small or minute

Calyx membranous.

Herbs growing in moist places

Herb growing in water the flower-spike

Tribe

(p. 307),

2.

Ammannia.
Hydrolythrum.

Calyx herbaceous or coriaceous.

'

Calyx curved, Jlowers secund.

Stamens declinate

3.

Woodfordia.

4.

Pemphis.

5.

7.

Lawsonia.
Crypteronia.
Lagerstroemia.

8.

Duabanga.

** Calyx straight, Jlowers symmetric.

Flowers 6-fid. Capsule circumsciss

Flowers 4 -fid. Capsule irregularly breaking up
Flowers minute subunisexual. Capsule 2-valved
Flowers 6-fid. Capsule 3-6-valved. Seeds winged
Flowers 4-8-fid. Capsule 4-8-valved. Seeds minute
Berry subglobose, 10-15-celled, oo -seeded

Anomalous genera with

....
...

6.

.9.

Sonneratia.

inferior ovary.

Calyx-lobes 5-7, thick. Stamens oo

Calyx-lobes 5, small. Stamens 10

10. Pttnica.

11.

Axinandra.


566

lxi.

ltthrace^.

1.

[Ammannia.

(C. B. Clarke.)

AftXMANNXA,

Linn.

Annual glabrous herbs growing in damp places branches often quadrangustipules 0.

Leaves opposite and alternate, sometimes whorled, entire
Flotvers small, axillary, solitary and subsessile, or in small trichotomous cymes
;

lar.

Calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate, 3-5-toothed,

bracteoles usually 2.
Petals 3-5 or 0, small,, inserted
often with minute interposed teeth or folds.
Sta?nens 2-8, inserted on the calyx-tube.
between the calyx-teeth.
Ovary
enclosed in the calyx-tube, 1-5-celled, the septa very thin often absorbed ; style
filiform or short, stigma capitate ; ovules very many, placentas axile.
Capsule
membranous, globose or long-ellipsoid, enclosed in the calyx, 2-3-valved, or
Seeds many, often nearly covering the
irregularly breaking up or circumsciss.
placenta which is often ultimately free central, small, smooth, round on the
back, raphe on the inner face, ellipsoid or nearly hemispheric.
Distkib.
Species 30, in,the tropics and warm temperate zones of the whole world.
-

Subgenus

I.

Rotala.

Floioers axillary, solitary or

in

sessile spikes.

Capsule 2-4-valved.
*

Calyx in fruit campanulate, longer than hroad.

1. A. peploides, Spreng. Syst.i. 444; cauline leaves elliptic nerves prominent beneath, capsule 2-valved, seeds narrow-oblong subfalcate. Bows. Fl.
Orient, ii. 742
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 84. A. nana, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. i. 427, not of Wallich.
A. repens, Rottl. DC. Frodr. iii. 80. Ameletia
indica, DC. Frodr. iii. 76; Wall. Cat. 2093; JT. 8? A. Frodr. 303; Blume
Mus. Bot. ii. 135, t. 47; Dalz. 8? Gibs. Bomb.'Fl. 96: Wight Ic. t. 257. A.
elongata, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 135.
A. acutidens, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
A. polystachya, Wall. Cat. 2094. A. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 2096, partly.
617.
:

Peplis indica, Willd. Sp. Fl.

ii.

244.

India; common, in rice fields &e. throughout the plains and in -warm places
in the lower mountains.Distrib. Malaya to the Philippines and Canton Cabul and
;

Persia.

Stems decumbent often rooting or

3-12

Leaves opposite, larger on

high.
the main stem, -f in., elliptic, narrowed at the base, sometimes almost petioled.
Flowers often approximate in numerous sessile axillary spikes, solitary, sessile in the
axils of reduced floral leaves; bracteoles 2, minute, lanceolate: or flowers sometimes strictly axillary, distant.
Calyx-tube long-campanulate, scarcely striate teeth
Petals 0, or 4
4, often pink, acute, triangular in fruit, accessory tee.th obscure or 0.
Capsule ellipsoid, longer than broad. Seeds pink, somewhat angular, hilum
small.
quite obscure.
erect,

in.

2. A. Ritchie i, C. B. Clarke; cauline leaves elliptic nerves not preeminent beneath, capsule 4-valved, seeds nearly hemispheric.

Bklgaum, in rice fields, Ritchie.

Stems 6-12 in. rooting amongst floating weeds (ftitchie).
Leaves opposite,
cauline ^-f in., elliptic, sessile.
Flowers solitary, distant,Siower distinctly pedicelled.*
Calyx long-campanulate, truncate teeth 4, minute, hardly so large as the minute
;

interjected ones.
Petals 4, mimite, rose.
Capsule ellipsoiu, longer than broad, as
long as the calyx-tube.
Seeds brown-yellow, elliptic, peltate.
3.

sessile

rot undifolia, Bam. in Don Frodr, 220 leives orbicular, flowers

.
close-packed in terminal spikes, capsule 4-valved. floxb. Fl. Ind. i. 425
;


Ammannia.]

lxi.

DC.

lythrace^.

(0. B. Clarke.)

567

Prodr. iii. 79
W. $ A. Prodr. 306 ; Wall. Cat. 2095 ; Wight Ic. t. 258 ;
A. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 2096, partly.
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 85.
A. subspicata, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 484. Ameletia rotundiiblia, JDalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 96.
A. subspicata, Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ.
;

Kurz

Bot. iv. 81.

India common, in rice fields &c. throughout the plains and in warm places in the
lower mountains not received from Ceylon. Distrib. China, Formosa.
Eootingand creeping extensively so as often to form large patches in moist turf:
stems usually 4-6 in., roundish and leafy. Leaves % in. diam., opposite, sessile or
shortly petioled, nerved, approximate below becoming distant towards the spikes.
Flower-spikes dense, pedunculate, often 3 sometimes one only, sometimes panicled
floral leaf one t<f each flower, ovate or oblong, bracteiform, bracteoles
or most
minute.
Calyx-tube campanulate, not elongate; teeth 4, acute, triangular, without
interjected folds.
Petals 4, obovate, twice the length of the calyx-teeth, bright^
rose.
Capsule ellipsoid, a little longer than broad.
Seeds brown-yellow, ellipsoid
peltaie.
In this species, in A. floribunda below, and probably in others, the flowers
are dimorphic ,one kind has the stamens included and the style very long-exserted,
the father kind has the stamens long-exserted and the style short
these are
doubtless reciprocally fertile in the manner discovered by Mr. Darwin for Lythrum
Salickria.
No stress must be laid on the descriptions of the length of the style in
;

this Igenus.

A. tenuis, C. B. Clarice ; leaves opposite ovate or elliptic, flowers sesclose-packed in terminal spikes, capsule 2-valved. Ameletia tenuis, Wight
Ic. t. 257 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 96.
4.

sile

Central India from Banda to the Concan and Behar.

No. 2310.

East Bengal

(rrijfiih

-s

Erect, or but shortly creeping at the base varying from simple stems 3-4 in. to
very compound stems 8-10 in. Leaves \-^ in., sessile or nearly so, often acute.
Flower-spikes dense, on filiform peduncles floral leaf one to each flower, oblong or
Calyxlanceolate, bracteoles lanceolate, exceeding half the length of the calyx.
teeth 4,
tube campanulate, much more elongate than that of A. rotundifolia
Petals 4, obovate, not much longer than the
acute, without interjected folds.
Seeds brown-yellow, elcalyx-teeth.
Capsule ellipsoid, much longer than broad.
;

liptic, peltate.

5. A. floribunda, C. B. Clarke; leaves alternate, upper narrow-oblong

or linear, flowers sessile close packed in terminal spikes, capsule 2-valved. Ameletia floribunda, Wight 111. 206, not good and the reference to the figure wrong ;
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 826; Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 96. Nimmonia floribunda, Wight
in Madras Journ. of Science vi. 34, t. 20.

Mahableshwur

Hills,

Bombay

Law,

Stocks.

Erect or but shortly creeping at the base stems often much branched, 8-10 in.
Ltver leaves 1-2 in., broad-oblong, obtuse, sessile, base broad, upper leaves \-\ in.,
Flower-spikes dense on filiform peduncles 5 floral leaf one
linear or narrow-oblong.
to each flower, oblong or lanceolate bracteoles lanceolate, exceeding half the length
Calyx-tube campanulate, elongate, like that of A. tenuis; teeth 4,
of the calyx.
Petals 4, obovate, nearly twice the calyx- teeth,
acute, without interjected folds.
Capsule ellipsoid, much longer than broad. Seeds brown-yellow, elbright rose.
Very closely allied to the preceding species.
liptic, peltate.
;

6. A. Rotala, F. Muell. Fr'agm. iii. 108

leaves in whorls of 3-6 linear,
flowers sessile axillary, capsule 3-valved.
Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 295. Rotala
yerticillaris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 76 j Wall. Cat. 6321; W. &f A. Prodr. 303;
j.


568
Ic.

t.

260

Balz.

Gibs.

R. apetala, F. Muell. Fragm.

Deccan Peninsula
Distrib.
Australia.

iii.

[Ammannia.

(C. B. Clarke.)

LTTHRACEiE.

lxt.

Wight

Bomb. Fl. 96 Miq.

;

Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.

ix. t. 81.

i.

614.

Rheede Hort. Mai.

108.

Wight, Bottler. Concan, Law. Ceylon, abundant, Thwaitcs.

Tropical Africa.
Erect or shortly creeping; stems 3-6 in. Leaves \-^ in., sometimes somewhat
ovate at the base. Lower whorls of flowers often distant, upper sometimes almost spicate.
Calyx tubular teeth 3-5, small. Petals small, fugacious, or 0. Stamens 3-5.
Capsule ellipsoid, longer than broad. Seed half-obovoid, the plane face somewhat
excavated.
Hypobriehia Spruceana, Benth. in Herb. Spruce which has been reduced
to a synonym of Rotala verticillaris, differs in its inflorescence and short calyx.
;

7. A. dentelloides, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1870, pt.

opposite linear, flowers sessile axillary, capsule 2-valved.

ii.

76; leaves

Sikkim Terai near Siligori Kurz, C. B. Clarke.

Stems 2-4 in., procumbent.
Leaves \- in., linear or narrow oblong, obtuse.
;

Flowers scattered, not at all spicatc.

Calyx-tube elongate-campanulate, 5-ribbed
teerh 5, triangular, acute; teeth and sometiines the whole tube with minute scattered
hairs, accessory teeth 0.
Petals minute.
Capsule ellipsoid, much longer than broad.
Seed half-ellipsoid, excavated on the plane face.

** Calyx in fruit hemispheric, tube as broad as or broader than long.

8.
pygrneea, Kurz in Seemann Journ. Bat. v. 376
leaves opposite linear, flowers sessile axillary, capsule 2-valved.

out

Khasia Mts., alt. 2000 ft., H.f. $ T.

Chota Nagpore, alt. 1000-2000 ft.,

Rajmahal Hills
C. B. Clarke.

very minute,

Kurz; throughBotanic Garden,

(Bengal),

Calcutta

Kurz.
Stems tufted, 1-3 in. Leaves \-~ in., linear or narrow-oblong, at the base narrower
almost petioled, obtuse often with two points (as described by Harvey in Suffrenia
Flowers not spicate, most minute.
Calyx-tube short teeth 4, triangular,
Stamens 2 (occasionally 3-4
0.
Petals if any minute, not yet seen.
Kurz).
Capsule spherical, slightly acute. Seeds black, half- ellipsoid or nearly halfspherical, excavated on the plane face.
Kurz says the capsule is 3-valved the very
perfect examples from Chota Nagpore have the capsule 2 valved
Suffrenia capensis,
Harvey 1'hes. Capens. ii. t. 189, differs from the Indian plant only in the larger and
longer capsule.
Compare Rotala filiformis, Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 468,
where Harvey's linear-leaved plant is united with the European Suffrenia which has
oblong, broad-based leaves.
capensis).

accessory teeth

9. A. simpliciuscula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 54; leaves
opposite narrow-oblong, flowers solitary axillary shortly pedicelled, capsule 3valved.

Chittagong

tropical rice fields

Stems decumbent, 1-2^

T. t Kurz.
leaves i in., almost petioled,

H.f.$

Lower

upper shorter,
Flowers small, lower distant, upper approximate. Calyx-tube
short teeth 4, triangular, accessory teeth 0.
Capsule globose, much longer than the
calyx.
Seeds black, subhemispheric, excavated on the plane face.
in.

somewhat obovate.
;

10. A. pentandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 425

cauline leaves opposite elliptic-Dblong sessile faintly nerved, flowers solitary axillary sessile, capsule 3-celled.
DC. Frodr. iii. 79 ; W. c/ A. Frodr. 305; Wall. Cat. 2102 ; Blume Mm. Bot.
ii. t. 46 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 85.
A. nana, Roxb. in Wall. Cat.
2105. A. rubra, Ham. in Don Frodr. 220; Wall. Cat. 2107. A. subspicata,
Herb. Hohenack. No. 1611. A. densiflora, Roth Nov. Sp. 99; DC. I.e. 79;
;


Ammaimia.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxi. ltthracej:.

569

W. $ A. Prodr. 305. A. debilis, Ait. in Herb. Zoll. % Mor. Rotala Koxburghiana, Wight Ic. t. 260 Wall. Cat. 2105. Tritheca pentandra, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 614. Winterlia uliginosa, Spreng. Syst. i. 788.
Sellowia
uliginosa, Roth I. c. 163 \DC.l, c. 380.
;

Throughout Tropical India, in moist places, very common. Distrib. China, Malaya and (including the varieties below enumerated) Australia and Tropical Africa.
Stems 6-12 in., often with many opposite branches divergent at right angles and
covered with flowers. Cauline leaves usually 1 in., upper floral leaves becoming bractiform, oblong, base broader.
Flowers often approximate, never in distinct spikes
bracteoles subulate as long as the calyx.
Calyx-teeth 5, lanceolate, very acuminate
accessory teeth 5, subulate, often as long as the primary teeth. Petals 5, narrowCapsule spherical or globose-depressed. Seeds black, hemiobovate, small or 0.
spheric, excavated on the plane face.
Var. illecebroides, Am. in Herb. Wight smaller, cauline leaves ^ in. A. nana,
Wall. Cat. partly not Uoxb. nor Rottl.
Kotala ? decussata, DC. Prodr. iii. 76 ; Hiern
in Oliv, Fl. Prop. Afr. ii. 467Var. fimbriata, Wight Ic. t. 217 (sp.); cauline leaves longer narrower often cor
date, at the base, petals larger sometimes fimbriate.
A. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 2104.
A. hexandra, Wall. Cat. 2103. Wallich's example has six stamens, otherwise is
exactly A. fimbriata, Wight.
:

Subgenus

XSu-Ammannia.

II.

Flowers in whorls, cymes or

clusters.

Capsule circumsciss or bursting irregularly.

A.

11.
baccifera, Linn.) BlumeMus. Bot. ii. 133; cauline leaves oppoposilo or alternate oblong or narrow-elliptic narrowed at the base, flowers in
dense clusters forming knots on the stem or in looser but very short axillary
cymes, capsule globose. Dalz. c/ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
pt. ii. 85.
A. vesicatoria, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I 426 DC. Prodr. iii. 78 W.
A. Prodr. 305; Wall. Cat. 2098, partly. A. indica, Lamk. DC. I.e. 77;
W. cy A. Prodr. 305; Wall. Cat.- 2099 Blume I.e. t. 46. A. debilis, Ait.
Hort. Kew, ed. 1, i. 163. A. verticillata, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 743, not of Link.
Hapalocarpum vesicaioriuni and H. indicum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 618.

1877,

8f

Oryptotheca apetala, Blume Bijd. 1128;

DC.

I.

c.

76.

Throughout Tropical India, in moist places, very common. Distrib. Afghanistan.

Malaya. China. Australia. Tropical Africa.
Glabrous, erect, 6-8 in. sometimes 2 ft. Lower leaves and branches usually oppoCalyx-tube hemispherical;
site
cauline leaves 1-2^ in., usually narrow but obtuse.
;

broad, triangular, accessory folds or teeth small. Petals usually 0, or

Capsule depressed, imperfectly circumsciss above the /middle. Seeds black,
subhemispheric, excavated on the plane face.

teeth

4,

small.

salicifolia, Monti ex Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 132 glabrous, leaves

rounded at the base, flowers densely clustered in the axils,
capsule globose depressed not covered by the calyx-teeth. Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb.
A. egyptiaca, Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 6. A. verticillata, Lamk. III.
Fl. 97.
DC. Prodr. iii. 79. A. glauca, Wall. Cat. 2100
t. 77. f. 3, not of Wight
W. 8f A. Prodr. 305. A. densiflora, Miq. in Herb. Hohenack. No. 770.
12.

sessile lanceolate

Punjab

Edgeworth, T. Thomson. Ktjmaon, alt. 4000 ft. Strachey <f WinterConcan Stocks, Ritchie.
East Bengal
J. D. H.
Griffith.
Deccan Peninsula Wight 981 Perottet. Distrib. Tropical Africa.
Glabrous, erect, sometimes 2 ft. high, leaves and branches opposite. Cauline
Calyx in fruit
leaves often 2 in. by less than ^ in., frequently cordate at the base.
hemispheric teeth 4, erect, triangular, too short to close over the capsule accessory
bottom.

Behar


570

[Ammannia,

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxi. lythkace^;.

folds usually present but small.

Capsule reddish, exactly like that of A. haccifera.
Seed half-obovoid, excavated on the plane face, one end much smaller than the
other.
A. verticillata, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 743, has the leaves attenuated to the
base; and is therefore A. haccifera, Linn., for the only character by which A. hacci-

fera can be distinguished from A.

salicifolia.

13. A. cordata, W. fy A. Prodr. 304 glabrous, leaves sessile oblong cordate subamplexicaul, flowers 2-5 shortly pedicelled in each axil, capsule globose
Wall. Cat. 6322. A. salicifolia, Monti var. /3.
covered by the calyx-teeth.
Thwaites Enum. 121.
;

East Bengal, Noakhali,

C.

Deccan Peninsula

B. Clarke.

Wight.

Ceylon

Thwaites.

12-18

Glabrous, erect,
in., leaves and branches opposite.
Cauline leaves 1-l^in.,
margins often white cartilaginous. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, but not congested.
Calyx-tube campanulate with 4 green striations teeth 4, triangular, connivent over
the capsule; accessory teeth as 4 small prominent horns.
Capsule globose, much
larger than that of A. salicifolia, not becoming red pseudo-baccate as does that of
A. haccifera and A. salicifolia. Seeds subhemispheric, excavated on the plane face.
;

leaves opposite
14. A. lanceolata, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2106 B., C.
oblong-elliptic attenuate to the base scarcely petioled, flowers 2-5 shortly pediA.
celled in each axil, calyx campanulate minutely pubescent, petals large.
;

verticillata,

W.

121, as to var.

fy

A. Prodr. 304, exclud. all syn. A. salicifolia, Thwaites Enum.

Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 84?.

a. only.

Deccan Peninsula, Wight. Bed hills of the Carnatic; G. Thomson. Ceylon;

Thwaites.
Erect, 4-16 in., branches numerous, opposite.
Cauline leaves 1-1^ in., margins
often white cartilaginous, younger leaves usually puberulous punctate or subpubescent.
Flowers not congested, often whorled bracteoles linear, obtuse, green, as long
as the calyx.
Calyx-tube campanulate, ovoid; teeth 4, triangular, short, with 4
shorter triangular exterior teeth.
Petals exceeding much the calyx, larger than in
any other species of Eu-Ammannia. Capsule globose. Seed subhemispheric, excavated on the plane face.
;

A. seneg-alensis, Lamk.

III. t. 77, f. 2.; leaves opposite elongatesubauriculate at the bass, cymes peduncled compound, capsule
i in. diam. globose. DC. Prodr. iii. 77. A. auriculata, Willd. Hort. Berol.
DC. I. c. 80 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 743.
t. 7

15.

oblong
;

sessile

Plains of the Punjab and of North-West Hindostan, ascending to 5000 ft.

Boyle, T. Thomson, Edgewort h.DisTmB. Afghanistan.
Persia.
Egypt. Tropical
Australia.
Africa.
Glabrous, erect, 6-24 in., branches sharply quadrangular. Cauline leaves 1-2 in.
Bracteoles on the cyme-branches minute, linear.
Calyx campanulate, with 4 or 8
green lines becoming indistinct in fruit teeth 4, broad-triangular, teeth obscure.
Petals
or caducous.
Stamens 6 or 8. Capsule becoming ultimately red, much
This
Seeds half-ellipsoid, excavated on the plane face.
exceeding the calyx-tube.
species is distinct so far as the Indian material is concerned.
Some African examples have the cyme much closer and are doubtfully separable from A. salicifolia
above.
Kurz (in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 85. 86) gives Chittagong as a locality
for this plant: which may be so, or his plant may have been A. cordata No. 13.
;

A. raultiflora, JRoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 426; leaves opposite elongate-oblong

in.
subauriculate at the base, cymes peduncled compound, capsule
diam. globose. DC. Prodr. iii. 79} W. $ A. Prodr. 305; Wall. Cat. 2101;
16.

sessile


Ammannia.']

lxi.

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

1877, pt.

ii.

743

lttheace^;.

Dalz.

Gibs.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Bomb.

Fl. 97

Kurz

571
in Journ. As. Soc.

85.

ii.

Throughout India on the plains. Distrib. Afghanistan. Persia. Australia.

Glabrous, very erect, 6-24 in. branches numerous, sharply quadrangular. Cauline
Bracteoles on the cyme-branches most minute, linear.
leaves 1-1 in.
Calyx cam;

panulate, hemispheric or scarcely elongate teeth 4, short-triangular.

Petals 0, or
small and caducous.
Stamens 4, 6 or 8. Capsule often ultimately red, globose, not
enclosed by the calyx.
Seeds half-ellipsoid, excavated on the plane face. Very
closely allied to A. senegalensis and united with it by Mr. Hiern, perhaps correctly,
but the two forms do not meet or pass into each other in India.
Cryptotheca dichotoma, Blume Bijd. 1128; DC. Prodr. iii. 76 (Ammannia microcarpa, DC. Prodr. iii.
77), from Java and Timor, has been united with A. multiflora Boxb. by Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 56, but differs in the much more elongate calyx-tube and
larger cauline leaves it is certainly very near A. multiflora.
;

17. A. octandra, Linn. f. Suppl. 127; leaves opposite linear-oblong

subauriculate at the base, cymes very shortly pedimcled 3-5-flowered, calyx in
fruit large canipanulate 4-angled with 8 distinct ribs.
Boxb. Cor. Pi. t. 133
Fl. 2nd. i. 425; DC. Prodr. iii. 80; Wall. Cat. 2097; W. fy A. Prodr. 304;
Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 132 : Dalz. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
1877, pt. ii. 86. Arnmaiiella linearis, Miq. Fl. 2nd. Bat. i. pt. i. 619. Diplostemon octandrum, Miq. I.e. 615.
;

Deccan Peninsula Bottler Heyne Wight G. Thomson. Ceylon Thwaites.

Chittagong Kurz. Distrib. Malaya.
Cauline leaves 1-2 in.,
Erect, 6-18 in., branches quadrangular, often scabrous.
sometimes very narrow. Calyx in fruit \ in., often minutely pubescent or scabrid,
Petals
Stamens 8,
nearly truncate
teeth 4, small.
in., obovate, rose-coloured.
Capsule somewhat ellipsoid, as long as the calyx. Seeds
filaments long, dark-red.
subhemispheric. This species is reduced to A. latifolia Linn, by Griseb. Fl. Brit.
West Ladies 270 but the West Indian specimens, though like the Indian in leaves
and habit, are entirely without the subalate angles of the ripe fruit which form *,he

essential character of A. octandra.

A. subrotunda,

18.

Wall, ex

Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt.

ii.

55;

" leaves sessile almost orbicular pinnate-nerved, flowers on slender short pedicels forming shorter or longer slender racemes."

Burma

or

Kat seen

East Bengal

Kurz. Distrib. Ava.

diagnosis copied from Mr. Kurz.

2.

HYDROLYTHRTJIffl,

Hook.f.

glabrous aquatic herb. Lower leaves whorled, linear. Spikes exsert out
of the water with oblong bractiform leaves. Flowers whorled, subsessile in the
axils of bracts, lower whorls distant, upper approximate, often with opposite
Calyx campanulate teeth 4, triangular acbracts bracteoles 2, subulate.
Petals 4, inserted between the calyx-lobes. Stamens 4, on the
cessory teeth 0.
middle of the calyx-tube. Hypogynous scales 4, bifid. Ovary in the bottom of
the calyx, free, 2-celled 3tyle simple, stigma capitate ovules not many, plaCapsule small, globose, 2-celled. Seeds 3 or 4 in each cell, ovoid,
centas axile.
genus only separable from Ammannia by habit for hypogynous
concave.
glands exist in Amm. rotundifolia.
;


572

lxi.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lythracejs.

[Hydroly thrum.

1. H. Wallichii, Hook. f. in Gen. PL i. 777; Hook. Ic. PL t. 1007.

Kotala, sp. Wall. Cat. 9059. K. (Mirkooa) myriophylloides, Welw. ; Oliv. Fl.
Ammannia Wallichii, Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. 1877, pt.
Trop. Afr. ii. 469.
ii.

84.

Distrib. Java, Angola.

Wallich. Mottlmein Lobb.
Stems 8 in., weak, little divided, probably erect in the water. Leaves - in.,
Calyx without acabout 8-12 in each whorl emersed leaves \ in., acute or obtuse.

Tavoy

Capsule
cessory teeth. Petals elliptic, rose-coloured, far exceeding the calyx-teeth.
not ripe in the Indian examples, dehiscing septicidally from the apex in the African.
Mr. Hiern says (in Oliv. Fl. Jrop. Afr. ii. 469) that the Angola plant is congeneric with the Tavoy plant ; but it appears conspecitic.

3.

WOODFORDXA, Salisb.

A shrub.

Leaves opposite, subsessile, entire, lanceolate, beneath whiter and

Flowers in short panicled cymes on axillary pedundots.
Calyx longcles, rarely solitary, scarlet; pedicels 2-bracteate at their base.
tubular, slightly curved, mouth oblique teeth 6, short, with 6 minute accessory
Stamens
Petals 6, small or 0, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube.
teeth.
Ovary at the bot12, declinate, inserted on the calyx-tube below its middle.
tom of the calyx-tube, free, sessile, oblong, 2-celled style filiform, stigma
Capsule ellipsoid, membranous, insmall ovules very many, placentas axile.
cluded in the calyx. Seeds very many, narrowly cuneate-obovate, quite smooth,

with black glandular

without hairs or
1.

W.

papillae.

floribunda,

FL

Parad. Lond.

Salisb.

t.

42

Boiss.

FL

Orient,

ii.

737

W.

tomentosa, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. xiv. fig. 4.

W. fruticosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 56 For. Fl. i. 518. Grislea
tomentosa, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 31 Fl. Ind. ii. 233 DC. Prodr. iii. 92 Bot.
Mag. t. 1906 ; Wall. Cat. 2110 W. 8p A. Prodr. 308 Blume Mus. Bot. ii. t.
45 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 621 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97. G. uniflora,
G. punctata, Ham.; DC. I.e. 92; W. $ A. Prodr.
Rich. Fl. Abyss, t. 52.
308. G. micropetala, Hochst. et Steud. in Herb. Sehimp. 1906. Lythrum fruticosum, Linn. Sp. PL 641.

Brand. For.

238.

Throughout India, common

ascending to 5000 ft. but not seen in the alluvial

Distrib. Beloochistan, Tropical Africa, Madagascar, China.
A shrub with long spreading branches, brilliantly red with flowers in the hot
Leaves 2-4 in., opposite or subopposite, usually rounded or cordate at the
season.
base (but one African form has leaves attenuate at the base) usually grey pubescent
beneath, sometimes quite glabrous.
Calyx ^-^ in., bright red. Petals scarcely longer
than the calyx-teeth. Seed (figured by Blume and by Beddome as densely covered by
stated
papillae
and
by
long
Kurz to be papillose-pilose) in every example at Kew
entirely glabrous not exhibiting at any period of its development the smallest trace
This shrub is very uniform in character throughout India the African
of a papilla.
examples vary much more. It is trimorphic after the manner described by Mr. Darwin in Lythrum Salicaria. See Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 481.

mud

of Bengal.

4.

PEIVIPHIS,

Forst.

maritime shrub or tree, attaining 35 ft. Leaves opposite, oblong, entire,

Floivers axillary, solitary, peduncles 2-bracteate at their
very thick, fleshy.
base.
Calyx-tube campanulate, 12-ao -ribbed teeth 6, short, with 6 shorter
accessory teeth.
Petals 6, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, nearly as long as
;


Pempliis.']

LXi.

ltthrace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

573

Stamens 12, inserted in two series towards

obovate, wrinkled, white or rose.
Ovary free, at the bottom of the calyx-tube, 3the middle of the calyx-tube.
ovules many, ascending, plastyle long, stigma capitate
celled at the base
Capsule coriaceous, ooovoid or nearly globose, included in
centas 3 sub-basal.
the calyx-tube or exsert nearly half its length, circumsciss somewhat irreguSeeds very many, long cuneate-obovoid, angular,
larly, ultimately 1-celled.
smooth, standing out in all directions from what appears to be a free central
it,

placenta.
1.

W.

8f

P. acidula,
A. Prodr. 307

Forst. Gen.
;

t.

DC. Trodr. iii. 89; Wall. Cat. 2108;

Blume Mus. Bot. ii. t. 43 Miq.
Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. xiv. fig. 5 Kurz For.

34

510

Griff. Notul. iv.

Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 619 Bedd. Fl.

;
P. angustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 465. Maclellandia Griffithiana,
Fl. i. 518.
Wight Ic. t. 1996. Lythrum Pemphis, Linn.f. Suppl. 249 ; Lamk. 111. ii. 408,
Melanium fruticosum, Spreng. Syst. ii. 455.
fig. 2.
;

Southern coasts of both Peninsulas and of Ceylon. Distrib. Tropical coasts of

the Old World
Branchlets young leaves and inflorescence with short grey hairs. Leaves 1 by f in.
Capsule \ in. diam.
Peduncles - in.

5.

LAWS ONI A, Linn.

glabrous erect shrub with round branches, sometimes spinous. Leaves

Flozvers rather small, in large terminal panicled
opposite, entire, lanceolate.
cymes ; bracts small, deciduous. Calyx-tube exceedingly short lobes 4, ovate.
Petals 4, obovate, wrinkled, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube.
Stamens
usually 8, inserted in pairs between the petals, sometimes 4 only or 8 not paired.
Ovary free, 4-celled (or 4-celled at the base) style very long, stigma capitate ;
Capsule coriaceous, globose, exsert, irregularly
ovules many, placentas axile.
breaking up, ultimately 1-celled. Seeds many, angular, pyramidal, smooth,
;

packed on a central placenta.

DC. Prodr. iii. 91

1. L. alba, Lamk. III. t. 296, Jig. 2
W. # A. Prodr. 307 Wight III. t. 87 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
;

Wall. Cat. 2109

pt.

i.

620

Boiss.

Fl. Orient, ii. 744 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 97 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen.
L. inermis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 258 ; Griff. Ic.
xiv. fig. 6 ; Brand. For. Fl. 238.
L. spinosa, Linn. ; Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 281. L. purpurea,
PI. Asiat. t. 580.
Lamk. ; Spreng. Syst. ii. 217.

Throughout India, very common, cultivated perhaps wild in "Western India.

Cultivated in many tropical and warm temperate regions.
Distrib. Cabul, Persia.
About 6 ft. high, often trimmed so as to make a close fence. Leaves |-l in.,
narrowed at the base, sometimes very shortly petioled, acute or obtuse. Flowers \ in.
Sepals j% in., permanent.
Capsule size of a
diam., sweet-scented, rose or white.
;

pea.

6.

CRYPTERONIA, Blume.

Racemes
Leaves opposite, petioled, entire, ovate or lanceolate.
Trees.
Flowers minute, white or green, with short
elongate, in branched panicles.
Calyx-tube short,
linear bracts at the base of the pedicels, polyganio-dicecious.
saucer-shaped, or longer subhemispheric teeth 5 (rarely 4), valvate, persistent.
Stamens as many as the calyx-teeth, inserted between them near the
Petals 0.
;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxi. lttheacejj.

574

[Crypteronia.

top of the calyx-tube. Ovary free, globose, 2-celled style long, stigma capitate
Capsule '2-celled,, globose, pubescent,
sub-2-fid ovules many, placentas axile.
crowned by the persistent style, dehiscent at the vertex across the dissepiment
Seeds many, long-ellipsoid,
so as to divide the style fruit-pedicel deflexed.
Distrib. Species 5 extending from Eastern Bentesta produced at each end.
The branches appear all functionally dioecious those
gal to the Philippines.
that perfect seed have all the stamens with short filaments those that have
stamens with long filaments have an ovary and style but set no seed.
;

pubescens, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 123 leaves pubescent beneath,

1.
Henslovia pubescens,
calyx-teeth short triangular, ripe capsule jg in. broad.
Wall. Cat. 4904, and PI. As. Ear. iii. 14, t. 221 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 716.
H. pubescens together with the pubescent portion of H. afiinis, Planch, in Hook.
Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 477, t. xvi. B.
;

Kangoon; McClelland. Mergui; Griffith, No. 2512-2 {marked H. affinis by

Planchon). Pinang.
Tree 30 ft. (attaining 80 ft. fide Kurz); branchlets nearly glabrous.
Leaves
3-4g in., from broad-elliptic to lanceolate, narrowed at both ends pubescence beneath
Panicles pubescent pedicels scarcely
yellowish or brownish.
in.
Calyx very
Capsule in H. pubescens Wall.
small, in fruit being quite flat, not at all cup-shaped.
exactly the same size as in
affinis Planch. in both the fruits are sometimes barren
and twice the normal size, probably from the attaek of an insect.
Var. Hookeri leaves glabrous beneath, panicle pubescent or rarely glabrous. C.
paniculata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 86; For. Fl. i. 519, not of Blume.
Henslowia Hookeri, Wall. Cat. 8566. H. affinis, as to the glabrous portion, Planch, in
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 477. H. pubescens, Griff. JSotul. iv. 404 and Ic. PI.
Amherst and Tavoy Wallich. Mergui Griffith and Heifer
Asiat. t. 564, fig. ii.
Henslovia leptostachys,
(No. 2512 Kew Distrib.). Malaya; Maingay No. 650-2.
Planch, (with which H. paniculata; Miq. coincides) differs by the smaller flowers
much more remotely placed on more slender racemes. From Kurz's description
(glabrous leaves) it seems that his C. paniculata exactly coincides with Wallich'
H. Hookeri, and does not include (as Mr. Kurz supposes it does) the plant of Griffith.
pubescens and C. glabra may possibly be united under C. paniculata, Blume, but
;

C. Griffithii

is

distinct.

C. glabra, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 123 leaves glabrous beneath, calyx in
somewhat cup-shaped with triangular-lanceolate suberect teeth, capsule
A in. broad. Henslovia glabra, Wall, Cat. 4093 Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. iv. 478 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 716.
2.

fruit

Khasia Mts.,
ft.;

H.f.

alt.

1000-3000

$ T. Distrib.

ft.;

Wallich; H. f.

T.

Chittagong,

alt.

1000

Philippines.

An erect tree, 50-60 ft. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed at both

ends, membranous, nerves prominently raised beneath but slender.
Pamc/e-branches
glabrous or minutely pubescent

pedicels

in.

3. C. G-riffithii, C. B. Clarke
leaves glabrous very coriaceous, panicles
and calyx covered with rusty red pubescence, pedicels ~j in., calyx of male
flower ^ in. broad with lanceolate erect teeth.
Henslovise sp. Griff. Notul. iv.
406, and Ic. PL Asiat. t. 564, fig. i.
;

Malaya; Maingay.
Griffith No. 2513.
Leaves 5-7 in., elliptic-lanceolate, the nerves raised beneath and thick. This is
C.
very near C. Cumingii, Planch, of the Philippines, and may be a variety of it.
Cumingii has a grey pubescence on the panicle, the pedicels are ^ in. or more, the
calyx is smaller.
Malacca;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxi. lytheace^:.

Lagerstrcemia.']

7.

la&O-SS&STHOr.RZXA,

575

Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, distichous (or the uppermost alternate),

oblong or ovate. Panicles axillary and terminal, usually trichotomous,
sometimes dense peduncles 2-bracteate at their apex pedicels 2-bracteolate.
Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, smooth grooved angular or
Flowers often large.
Petals 6 sometimes
subalate lobes 6 sometimes 7-9, ovate, subacute, valvate.
7-9 (or 0), inserted at the summit of the calyx-tube, clawed, wrinkled,
margin crisped erose or fimbriate. Stamens very many, inserted near the bottom of the calyx-tube filaments long, exsert. Ovary sessile, in the bottom of
the calyx, 3-6-celled style long, bent, stigma capitate ovules very many,
Capsule more or less adnate to the calyx, ellipsoid,
ascending, placentas axile.
Seeds many (rarely few), elongate,
coriaceous, smooth, 3-6-celled, 3-6-valved.
Distrib. Species 18, in South-east
flat, erect, winged from their summit.
Asia extending to Australia Burma being the centre of the genus.
entire,

Sect.
*

I.

Velag-a.

Calyx-tube smooth, neither ribbed nor subalate.

Calyx glabrous or puberulous, not fulvous-tomentose.

DC. Prodr. iii. 93 petals - in. long-clawed, capIs. indica, Linn.

Roxb. Hort.
in. diam. nearly globose, calyx-teeth erect on the fruit.
Beng. 38 Fl. hid. ii. 505 Bot. Mag. t. 405 W. % A. Prodr. 308 Wight III.
Kurz For. Fl. i. 521. L. elegans, Wall, in Paxt. Mag. Bot. xiv. 269,
t. 86
Velaga globosa, Gaertn. Fruct. t. 133.
ivithjig.
1.

sule

common in gardens possibly wild in the eastern boundary;

Cultivated throughout the warm parts of Asia originally from China.
A shrub, showy in flower. Leavesl in., glabrous, elliptic or oblong, sessile, acute
or somewhat obtuse at each end, never acuminate. Panicle not condensed, minutely
pubescent or glabrous. Petals bright pink. Calyx-teeth on the fruit long-triangular,
Seed \ in. including its wing.
erect but distant, thin not woody.
Throughout India

Distrib.

Zi. parviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Cor. PI. t. 66 ; Fl. Ind. ii.
leaves glabrous or shortly pubescent beneath, petiole less than in., petals
less than \ in., calvx-teeth ultimatelv woody erect closely adpressed to the
DC. Prodr. iii. 93 ; Wall. Cat. 2119 altogether not partly as say W. 8f A.
fruit.
2.

505

Prodr. 308 ; Wight Ie. t. 69 Grif. Ic. PI. Asi'at. t. 592 ; Bedd, Fl. Sylv. t. 31 ;
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 98; Brand. For. Fl. 239; Kurz For. Fl. i. 521.
L. Fatioa, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 125. Fatioa nepaulensis, Wall. DC. Prodr.
;

iii.

89.

At the base of the "Western Himalaya, alt. 1000 ft. Throughout the Deccan
Plateau (i.e. everywhere south from the Gangetic Plain), alt. 1000-3000 ft.; abunNot in Central Bengal, nor Ceylon. Distrib. Ava.
dant.

A tree, attaining 60 ft. Leaves 2-3| in., glabrous in the typical plant, oblong,
acute or acuminate with the apex obtuse, beneath a lighter colour, often prominently
Panicles many- or few-flowered, not condensed.
reticulate.
Calyx glabrous puberulous or minutely pubescent, in fruit somewhat funnel-shaped at the base, teeth small.
Capsule variable in size, in the typical plant f-1 by - in.
Petals narow, white.
Seeds (with the wing) in. and upwards.
Var. 1. majuscula leaves glabrous larger sometimes 4-5 by 2 in., fruit very large,
by 1 in. L. lanceolata, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 32, not of Wall.
sometimes exceeding
Common on the north-eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau in Chota Nagpore and
Behar. Dr! Brandis (For. Fl. 240) supposes that Col. Beddome has made the grave
;

676

lxi.

ltthkacej;.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Lagerstrcemia.

error of adding the fruit of one species to the leaves and flowers of another. Col.
Beddome's figure is correct, but it is not L. lanceolata Wall. L. corymbosa, Griff, in
Herb, is this, but the ticket of locality "East Bengal" is doubtful.. This variety is
not known from East Bengal.
Vab. 2. benghalensis leaves pubescent beneath at least on the midrib, fruit smaller
than in the type, often less than in., fruit-calyx campanulate instead of funnelNipal; Wall. Cat. 2119 partly.
Sikkim; alt. 1000-5000 ft.;
shaped at base.
Assam Mrs. Mack. Birma Griffith, whence his
J. D. H., Gamble, C. B. Clarke.
Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 592.
;

3. Ii. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 2120 ; leaves glabrous often very white
beneath, petiole usually \ in., petals \-% in., calyx-teeth ultimately thick patent
W. $ A. Prodr. 309 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 98?; Brand. For.
or reflexed.
L. microcarpa, Wight Ic. t. 109 Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 30.
Fl. 240.
;

Malabar Coast from Bombay to Travancore, plentiful no specimen from

Coromandel.
Tree 30-50 ft. Leaves 3 in., elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends. Panicle
Calyx rarely glabrous usually pubescent, somegenerally compound, never condensed.
times white and shortly tomentose. Capsule usually smaller than that of L. parviflora,
^ | by ^ in. A species distinguishable from all the forms of L. parviflora by its calyxWallich's name is adopted in preference
teeth patent in fruit and its longer petioles.
to that of Wight who confounded the plant with L. parviflora.
;

calyx-tube in bud smooth ovoid white

4. Zi. venusta, Wall. Cat. 2117
puberulous with 6 linear accessory teeth outside the primary teeth, appearing as
prominent horns on the buds.
;

Melloon on the Irrawaddy near Thayet Myoo Wallich.

Panicle large, not condensed,
Leaves 3-4^ in., elliptic-oblong, acute, glabrous.
Bud as large as a pea, much larger than that of L. parviflora.
white, puberulous.

Birma

** Calyx with abundant fulvous or brown-red tomentum.

5.

Xi.

Rottleri,

neath, capsule |

Deccan;

in.

leaves stellately fulvous- tomentose beC. B. Clarke

resembling that of L. pai-viflora.
;

Bottler.

Leaves 3 in., lanceolate, glabrous above, midrib tomentose petiole in. Panicle
Calyx in the bud fully \ in with dense brown-red stellate wool
lax, tomentose.
without any trace of grooves or ribs. Seed in. including the wing. Named by
Rottler L. hirsuta? Bheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 22; but this species, which is only
known from Rheede's figure, is represented as having a deeply-grooved calyx.
;

6.

522

Xi. calyculata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt.

leaves puberulous beneath, capsule ^-^ in.

ii.

307

For. Fl.

i.

Martaban; Kurz.

A tree, 60-70 ft. Leaves 5-7 in., oblong, acuminate, short-petioled. Panicles
compound, with ferruginous or fulvous tomentum. Calyx in fruit cup-shaped campanulate, closely adpressed to the capsule, without grooves or ribs, densely ferruginous-tomentose

Sect. II.

lobes short-triangular, reflexed.

Adambea.

Capsule oblong, shining.

Calyx-tube grooved, ribbed or subalate.

t Adult leaves glabrous or nearly

so.


Lagerstroemia.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lythrace^:.

lxi.

577

petiole distinct usually in.,

7. Zi. Flos-Itegiiiae, Retz Obs. v. p. 25
calyx covered with hard white (sometimes ferruginous) tomentum, ribs 12- 14flat or round not acute on the back, apex of the ovary glabrous.
Kurz For.
L. Regime, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 65 Hort. Beng. 38 Fl. Ind. ii. 505
Fl. i. 524.
DC. Prodr. iii. 93; Wall. Cat. 2114; W. # A. Prodr.'30S; Wight Ic. t. 413;
Plume Mm. Pot. ii. t. 41 Miq. Fl. Ind. Pat. i. pt. i. 623 Pe'dd. Fl. Sylv. t.
29 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 98 Brand. For. Fl. 240. L. niacrocarpa, Wall.
Cat. 2114.
Adambea glabra, Lamk. Diet. Sd.Pheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 20, 21.
;

to Malacca, abundant.
Hills of the Dkccan PeVinstjla, common;
Ceylon. In North- West India only cultivated?. Distkib. Malaya and China,
in many cases perhaps cultivated.
A tree, reaching 50-60 ft., sometimes -when old having on its trunk and larger
branches a few strong straight spines 1-3 in. (See Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii.
Panicle large,
Leaves 4-8 in., from broad-elliptic obtuse to long-lanceolate.
177.)
lower branches often 6 in., curved, ascending, flowers scattered.
Petals commonly
1 in. (sometimes more), mauve, margins erose-undulate, hardly fimbriate.
Calyx in
fruit thickened, woody
lobes triangular spreading.
Fruit large, sometimes reaching
(Wallieh reduced his L. niacrocarpa number 913 to L. Flos-Rcgince,
14^ in. by 1 in.
and also sank his herbarium names L. ohlonga and L. glaucescens.)
Vab. angusta, Wall. Cat. 2113 leaves 15 (excl. potiole) by 6 in. fruit 1| in.,
more acute at the apex. Irra-waddy, Wallieh. Rangoon McClelland. This may
possibly be the plant which Mr. Kurz (For. Fl. i. 524) means to preserve as the
species L. macrocarpa.
Not merely the leaves on young plants but the leaves on
Wallieh' s specimens near the panicle are very large.

From Assam

and

in

For. Fl. i.
8. Zi. hypoleuca, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 307
523 leaves shortly petioled sometimes glaucous white beneath, calyx covered
with hard white tomentum, ribs 12 acute.
;

Axdamaxs, Kurz.
Tree 60-70 ft.
Leaves 6-8 in., from ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or
scarcely acute, attenuate or obtuse at the base.
Panicle large, 1 ft. long, narrowelongate, white, puberulous.
Petals in., oblong, lilac, undulate on the margin
Calyx much more acutely
(Kurz).
Capsule in. (Kurz), oblong, mucronate, woody.
ribbed than that of L. Flos-Regince, but the teeth of the alternate ribs are very obscurely excurrent in Mr. Kurz's specimens.
petiole very short, calyx
9. Zi. floribunda, Jack in Mai. Misc. i. 38
covered with ferruginous stellate w^oollv tomentum with 12 acute ribs, apex of
hairy ovary. DC. Prodr. iii. 93; Wall. Cat. 2115 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
623 (not Blume Mus. Bot. ii. t. 41) Griff. Not id. iv. 509 Kurz For. Fl. i.
;

522.

Singapore frequent. Distrlb. Siam, Malaya, China.

Leaves 5-7 in., oblong, acute, subsessile, rounded at the base. Panicle large, lower branches often 6 in., ascending, curved, with rich brown stellate
woolly tomentum. Calyx nearly equally 12-ribbed accessory teeth obsolete or obscure.
Petals smaller than in L. Flos-Regirus, at first of a more rosy colour but withering to
mauve-purple. Fruit ^ by \ in.; calyx-teeth spreading, small, not woody.
Var. cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 2116 (sp.) accessory teeth of the calyx in the bud prominent appearing as 6 cusps at the summits of the alternate ribs. Tavoy, Amherst,
Wallieh, who marks the species as L. floribundce prox.
It differs from the type in no

Burma

Tree 30

to

ft.

point except the cusps mentioned.

\

hexaptera,

JL

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 623 calyx ^?J puberulous, teeth 6-9, ribs 6-9 almost winged alternaie with the teetli j^yx-teeth
10. Zi.

spreading woody.
VOL. II.

*in fruit

v v

578

lxi.

lytheace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Lagerstwemia.

Maingay No. 653, 654. Discrib. Celebes.

moderate-sized tree {Maingay). Leave* 2-3 in., narrow elliptic-oblong, not acuminate, oblique, twisted at the apex, minutely ashy-puberulous beneath; petiole ^ in.
Calyx in the bud funnelPanicle 4-6 in. branches stout, ashy- or grey-puberulous.
shaped not campanulate, smaller than that of L. Flos-Begins. Petals ^-\ in., flat,
on
the
margin.
erose-undulate
Fruit % by f in., calyxshortly clawed, sparingly
wings slightly enlarged on the fruit. The specimens of Maingay are very perfect but
are identified with Miquel's plant from his description only.

Malacca

ft Adult leaves pubescent beneath.

11. Xi. villosa, Wall, ex Kurz Pegu For. Report Append. B. 54 ; leaves
lanceolate acuminate pubescent on both surfaces, flowers small apetalous congested at the summits of the panicle-branches, calyx-ribs 6 obscure in the
bud. Kurz For. Fl. i. 524.

Burma

McClelland (Lagerstroemia sp. 9)

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2240)
Kurz.
Tree 40-50 ft. (Kurz) branchlets panicles and leaves ashy-grey, pubescent.
Leaves 2-3 in., finely acuminate, narrowed to the very short petiole. Buds very small,
calyx-tube smooth, ribs only to be seen near the summit of the tube as six horns
alternating with the primary calyx-teeth. Capside -f by \ m., the calyx-tube finally
The name villosa is not in Wallich's Catalogue nor does it exist
distinctly ribbed.
on any specimen at Kew, so that it cannot be guessed where Mr. Kurz found it but
the species is very good and unmistakable.

John

Scott;

tomentosa, Presl Bot. Bemerk. 142; leaves lanceolate acuminate

pubescent beneath, flowers with petals scattered on the panicle, calyxKurz For. Fl. i. 522. L. pubescens Wall. Cat.
ribs 12 prominent in the bud.
2112.
12. Xi.

stellately

Burma Griffith % Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2238, 2239) John Scott Kurz No.
1976; Brandts.
Tree 70-100 ft. (Kurz); branchlets petioles and panicle fulvous stellate-woolly
tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in., elliptic-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, adult glabrous
reticulate above except the midrib which is fulvous stellate-tomentose
petiole i-f
Petals f in.,
in. Calyx in the bud fulvous, tomentose, with 12 blunt ribs to the base.
Capsule | by in., calyx-tube ulfinely clawed, erose, subfimbriate on the margin.
timately 6-ribbed (ribs corresponding to the primary teeth becoming obsolete) teeth
In fruit the capsule and calyx become exactly like those of
triangular, reflexed.
Jj. villosa and when the condensed panicle of L. villosa opens out in fruit, the two
One sheet of Wall. Cat. 2112 marked L. pubescens is
species are easily confounded.
Among other
really L. villosa, but all the other sheets of Wall. Cat. 2112 are true.
tests, the leaves of L. pubescens are stellately hairy beneath, those of L. villosa are
simply pubescent.
Var. Loudoni, Teym. & Binn. PL Nov. in Hort. Bogor. cult. 1863, p. 27 leaves
acute not acuminate, flowers not larger than in the type. Kurz For. Fl. i. 523.
;

8.

BUABMGA, Ham.

Large glabrous trees with pendent quadrangular branches. Leaves opposite,

distichous, large, short-petioled, long-oblong, acute, entire, cordate or rounded
at the
Panicles large, terminal, with opposite branches flowers large.
e.
Calyx-tut*-' wide, adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes 4-7, thick, valvate in
Stamens
the bud.
tals 4-7, clawed, obovate, crisped and undulate, white.
7
very many, inserted on a perigynous ring.
Ovary conical, 4-8-celled ; style


Ducibanga,']

lxi.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lythracej:.

579

bent, long, stigma capitate 4-8-lo"bed ; ovules very many, ascending, placentas
covering nearly the whole interior surface of the ovary-cells.
Capsule globose
on the thick spreading calyx, coriaceous, perfectly or imperfectly 4-8-celled,
Seeds innumerable, minute, ellipsoid, testa produced at both ends
4-8-valved.
Distrib. Species 2,
in two tails much exceeding the length of the nucleus.
extending from Nipal south-eastwards to the Philippines and Borneo.

l.*!D. sonneratioides, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 178 flowering

calyx nearly 1 in. wide at the base, petals 4-7 nearly 1 in., capsule 4-8valved.
Hook. f. III. Him. PI. t. 11 Kurz For. Fl. i. 525. Lagerstroemia
grandiflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38
Fl. Ind. ii. 503
DC. Prodr. iii. 93; Wall. %
Cat. 2111
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 109. Leptospartion grandiflorum, Griff. Ic. PI.'
Asiat. t. 591.
;

Nipal to Mabtaban; alt. 500-3000 ft.; common in the Sikkim and Bhotan
Terai.
Tree attaining 100 ft. Leaves commonly 10 by 3| in; petiole usually - in.
D. moluccana differs by the calyx in flower much narrower at base, the petals 4 smaller,
the capsule 4-valved but agrees closely in habit.
:

9.

SOOEEATZA, Linn.f.

Trees, growing near the sea, glabrous.

Leaves opposite, petioled, coriaceous,
Floivers without bracts, large, three together at the summits of the
Calyx thick, coriaceous ; lobes 4-8, lanceolate,
branches, or axillary solitary.
Petals
or as many as the calyx-lobes and linear-oblong.
Stamens
valvate.
very many, inserted in a circular band on the calyx-tube. Ovary nearly free, or
adnate at the base to the calyx-tube, many-celled ; style long, stigma capitate ;
ovules very many, ascending, placentas axile. Berry subglobose, supported by
the persistent calyx, 10-15-celled. Seeds very many, small, curved, angular;
cotyledons convolute. Distrib. Species 4-5 on the tropical sea-shores of the
entire.

Eastern hemisphere.
f Stigma very large, umbrella-shaped.
1. S. apetala, Ham. in Syme Emb. Ava iii. 313, t. 25
leaves narrowoblong, calyx-lobes 4, petals 0, stigma more than in. broad, capsule -$ in.
broad globose. DC. Prodr. iii. 231 Roxb. Hort. Beng. 38 Fl. Ind. ii. 506
Both Nov. Sp. 233; Wall. Cat. 3642; W. % A. Prodr. 327; Griff. Notid. iv.
650 ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 527.
;

Common in the Soonderbun. Deccan Peninsula as far as the Concan, Law.

Transgangetic Peninsula to Moulmein, Falconer.
Tree attaining 40 ft., growing in mangrove swamps flooded by the tide. Leaves
3-4 by l-l in., always narrow, attenuated at the base petiole \ in. Calyx in
;

flower f in., style included or scarcely exsert.

the top, walls not thickened.

ft Stigma capitate, not very

Capsule broader than high, convex at

large.

S. acida, Linn.

f. Suppl. 252; leaves oblong or narrowly obovateelliptic, calyx-lobes 6, petals 6 linear-oblong dark-red, capsule globose much deRoxb. Hort. Beng. 38 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 506 ; Roth Nov.
pressed often 2 in. broad.
Sp. 233 ; DC. Prodr. iii. 231 ; Wall. Cat. 3641 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 327 ; Wight
Ic. t. 340 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 652 Blume Mus. Bot. i. 336 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
Kurz Far. Fl.
pt. i. 496 ; Dalz. # Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 98 ; Brand. For. Fl, 242
pp 2
2.

580
526.
Fruct.

lxi.

Rhizophora

i.

i.

78.

t.

LTiHRACEiE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

caseolaris, Linn. Sp.

PL

iii. t.

40

Rheecle Jlort. Mai.

635.
;

[Sonneratia.

Aubletia case^laris, Gaertn.

Humph. Amb.

iii. t.

74.

Bengal Griffith. Soonderbun C. B. Clarke. Kangoon, McClelland. Pegu

Kurz. Deccan Peninsula Bottler. Ceylon Thwaites. Distrib. Java, Siam.
A small tree, not exceeding 15 ft. (Kurz), growing in mangrove swamps flooded
;

tide.
Leaves 3-4 by 1-lf in., attenuate almost to the base so that the petiole
subobsolete.
Buds ellipsoid, calyx-tube not in the least angular. Calyx in" flower
1 in. or more
style long-exserted sometimes 3 in.
Capsule thick-walled, sometimes
more than 2 in. broad, concave at the summit. The Kew specimens are all narrowbut the examples are few and it is probable
leaved, the flowers 6-fid not 7-8-fid
Jthat to the synonyms above cited should be added S. Pagatpat, obovata, evenia, lanceolata for which see Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 496, 497.

by the
is

3. S. G-riffithii, Kurz Pegu For. Report Append. B. 54 ; For. Fl. i. 527 ;

leaves broad obovate obtuse, calyx-tube not at all angular, lobes 6-8, petals 0.
S. alba, Griff. Notul. iv. 652 not Smith.
? S. neglecta, Plume Mus. Pot. i.

338.

Burma

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2433).

Pegu and Tenasserim; Kurz.
Leaves 3 by 2\ in., narrowed at the base petiole more than ^ in. Buds flowers
and calyx exactly of 8. acida; calyx-tube ovoid, perfectly free from ribs, petals wantFruit unknown. This seems an apetalous form of S. acida, but the leaves
ing.
slightly differ from all the examples of that plant.
;

4. S. alba, Smith in Pees Cyclop, xxxiii. No. 2 ; leaves elliptic obtuse

or obovate narrowed to a short petiole, calyx-tube 6-8-angular (obscurely so
in the bud distinctly in fruit), lobes 6-8, petals 0, fruit broadly obconic. DC.
Prodr. iii. 231
Plume Mus. Pot. i. 338 ; Miq. FL Ind. Pat. i. pt. i. 497
Kurz For. Fl. i. 526. S. mossambicensis, Klotzsch in Peters Peis. Mossamb.
Pot. t. 12.
S. acida, Penth. in FL Austral, iii. 301
Hiern in Oliv. FL Trop.
Afr. ii. 48S.Pumph. Amb. iii. t. 73.
;

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2432). Pegu; Kurz. Malaya; MaingayNo.

Distrib. Tropical shores of Africa with its islands, Malaya and Australia.
small tree not exceeding 15 ft. (Kurz), growing in the saline littoral forests.
Leaves 3 in., oblong or nearly round, narrowed at the base; petiole ^-| in. Flowers
the size of S. acida, with a very long style.
Fruit 1 in. broad, calyx obconical at the
base (not flat as in S. acida) ribbed as shown in Klotzsch' picture above cited. This
species was united with S. acida by Mr. Bentham, and the other writers at Kew have
Mr. Kurz has pointed out the distinction in the calyx and there is a
followed.
wide difference between the fruits so far as at present known but the material is not
ample.

Mergui;

654-2.

10.

large shrub

PUNICA, iraw.

branchlets round, often armed. Leaves opposite suboppooblong or obovate, obtuse, entire. Flowers shortly pedicelled,
Calyx-tube funnelaxillary, solitary or somewhat clustered, large, orange-red.
shaped, coriaceous, adnate to the ovary below, enlarged above the ovary lobes
Petals 5-7, lanceolate, wrinkled, inserted between
5-7, persistent on the fruit.
Stamens very many, inserted round the mouth of the calyx.
the calyx-lobes.
Ovary inferior with many cells in two whorls style long, bent, stigma capitate
Perry infeovules very many, placentas in some cells axile in others parietal.
Seeds very many, angular, testa coriaceous with a
rior, globose, many-celled.
watery outer co:.t cotyledons convolute.
;

site or clustered,


Punica.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lythracejE.

lxi.

581

1. P. G-ranatum, Linn. Sp. PL 676; DC. Prodr. iii. 3; Roxb. HoH.

Wall. Cat. 3659
W. A. Prodr. 327 ; Wight
Beng. 38 Fl. Ind. ii. 409
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 737 ; Brand. For.
III. t. 97
Griff. Ic PL Asiat. t. 634
FL 241 Kurz For. Fl. i. 528. P. nana, Linn. Bot. Mag. 634
;

Cultivated throughout India probably wild in the north-west. Distrib. Wild

cultivated throughout the warmer regions of the globe.
in Cabul and Persia
Leaves commonly 2 by ^| in., narrower at both ends especially at the base, intramarginal nerve distinct or obscure.
Flowering calyx about 1 in., mouth f in. broad.
Petals ^ in. or more.
Fruit often 2 in. diam., containing much red juice round the
seeds.
(The Pomegranate.)
;

11.

AXIHAN.DRA,

Thwaites.

Trees, glabrous or nearly so, branches quadrangular or terete. Leaves opposite,

petioled, coriaceous, entire, acuminate, finely nerved beneath with an intramarRacemes simple, axillary, erect, the 3-5 terminal panicled
ginal nerve.
flowers small, pedicels short ; bracteoles 3 at the base of each pedicel, minute,
linear.
Calyx superior, 5-lobed. Petals 5, small, triangular, caducous, inserted

Stamens 10, in two whorls, 5 alternating with

at the top of the calyx-tube.
the petals and 5 others inserted just below connective large ; anthers small,
Ovary inferior, 5-6-celled style straight, stigma simple ; ovules
subterminal.
Capsule half-superior, woody, ellipsoid, below adnate
in each cell 1-2, erect.
Seeds erect,
to the calyx-tube, above loculicidally 3-4 (rarely 5-6-) valved.
oblong, compressed, produced upwards into a wing cotyledons flat.
Distrib.
Species 4-5 from Ceylon, Malacca and Borneo.
;

A. Eti-Axinandra.

Ovule

Petals convolute.

1 in

each

cell.

Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. 66; branchlets

1. A. zeylanica,
acutely quadrangular, leaves rounded at the base, petiole about ^ in., calyxtube without ribs, style very short. Bedd. FL Sylv. t. 207.

Ceylon; Ambagamowa district, alt. 1500 ft.; Thwaites.

A large tree, 50-60 ft. (Thwaites). Leaves 4 by 2 in., gradually or suddenly
pedicels less than in., hardly lengthened in fruit.
acuminate. Racemes 2 in.
;

Calyx glabrous or microscopically puberulous. Petals falling off" in a cap before

Capsule 1 by in. valves usually 3, very thick, woody.
expansion (Thwaites).
;

B. Naxiandra, Baillon.

Petals induplicate-valvate.

Ovules 2 in each

cell.

2. A. XMEaing'ayi, C. B. Clarke; branchlets terete, leaves narrowed at

the base, petiole often \ in., calyx-tube at the time of flowering 10-ribbed, style
long (exserted portion longer than the whole flower).

Maingay No. 654-2.

Leaves 4 by 2 in., gradually or suddenly acuminate. Racemes 2 in., more panicled
than in A. zeylanica, panicle-branches quadrangular. Calyx and pedicel minutely
puberulous, larger than in A. zeylanica. Petals expanding but caducous. Fruit not
Closely allied to A. Beccariana, Baill. in Bull. Soc. IAnn. Paris 1877, No. 16,
s^en.
127, which has rather slenderer racemes and smaller flowers, the calyx hardly ribbed
at the time of flower.

Malacca

GENUS IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

Dichotomanthes, K.urz in Seemann Journ. Bot. ix. 194, is a tree imperfectly known
possibly Lythraceous, collected by Dr. John Anderson in Yunan, as yet not found
within the limits prescribed for the Flora of British India.


582

lxii.

Order LXII.

(C. B. Clarke.)

onagracejE.

ONAGRACEX.

(By 0. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Herbs, rarely undershrubs, sometimes aquatic. Leaves opposite or alternate,

entire or toothed, undivided (in Trapa the submersed leaves pinnatipartite),
Flowers hermaphrodite, mostly axillary and solitary, or spiked or
exstipulate.

racemed towards the ends of the branches subirregular. Calyx-tube wholly

adnate to the ovary (half-adnate in Trapa), limb of 2-5 valvate lobes. Petals
Stamens as many or twice
epigynous, alternate with the calyx-lobes, rarely 0.
Ovary inferior (half-inferior in
as many as the petals, inserted with them.
Trapa), 1-6-celled, most often 4-celled style 1, cylindric or subulate, stigma
ovules one or many in each cell, pendulous
capitate or nearly 2-Iobed or 4-fid
Fruit various, dehiscent or indehiscent,
or half-ascending, placentas axile.
membranous capsular or bony, 1- or several-celled, 1 or oc-seeded. Seeds without albumen, or nearly so. Distrib. Species 300, spread throughout the world,
most abundant in the North Temperate Zone.
;

(Enothera is an American genus of which several species are cultivated in India

and among these (E. rosea has run wild in the North-west Himalaya and in the Nilghiris (E. tetraptera and (E. odorata have also run wild on the Nilghiris.
:

Seeds very many.

f Seeds comose

1.

Epilobitjm.

ft Seeds not comose.

Stamens twice as many as calyx-lobes
Stamens as many as calyx-lobes

2.

Jussi^ea.

3.

Ludwioia.

Terrestrial.

4.

Aquatic.

5.

Ciec^a.
Teapa.

** Seeds one or two.

Stamens 2
Stamens 4

1.

EFILOB3UZVI,

Linn.

Leaves alternate or opposite, undivided, entire or toothed. Floicers

solitary, or racemed or spiked towards the ends of the branches,
purple or white, regular or irregular.
Calyx-tube scarcely produced above the
ovary, linear; teeth 4, lanceolate, deciduous.
Petals 4, obovate, retuse or
Stamens 8, epigynous, 4 shorter. Ovary inferior, 4-celled style
notched.
cylindric, stigmas 4 spreading or more or less combined
ovules many, axile,
ascending, attached along a double placental vertical line in the inner angle of
Capsule linear, 4-celled, dehiscing from the apex loculicidally, valves
each cell.
Seeds very many,
4 recurved from the seed-bearing quadrangular ^column.
obovoid or ellipsoid, crowned by long silky hairs. -Distrib. Species 50 spread
throughout the temperate and cold regions of the world, plentiful in New
Zealand appearing in the mountains only of the warmer regions.

Herbs.

axillary

and

Flowers irregular.
Sect. I. Chamaenerium.
Style bent on one side in aestivation.

Stamens deflexed on one

side.

3
E. ang-ustifolium, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 745 leaves narrow
lanceolate glabrous beneath or nearly so reticulating nerves prominent primary,
nerves diverging nearly at right angles from the midrib, peduncles approximate
.

Epilobium.~\

lxii.

onagracets.

(C. B. Clarke.)

E. spicatum, LamJc. Diet.

in long terminal spikes.

373

ii.

583

DC.

Prodr.

iii.

40

Wall. Cat. 6324.

Temperate Western Himalaya, alt. 8000-12,000 ft. from Kashmir and BaltisGrRWHAL. Distrib. Western Asia, Europe, North America.
Glabrous or nearly so, except the calyx-tube which is covered with close white
tomentum. Stem 2-4 ft. Leaves often 4-6 by f in., all scattered, nearly sessile,
;

tan to

Spike of flowers soon naked, bracts narrow,

acute, entire or obscurely denticulate.
Calyx-segments lanceolate, acuminate, purplish, subpetaloid, free to the
Petals - in., rose-purple, obovate, clawed.
base.
Style somewhat hairy above the

caducous.

base; stigmas 4, distinct, spreading.

Capsule 2|-3|narrowly obovoid, smooth, coma fulvous.

in.,

closely pubescent.

Seed

2. 22. reticulatum, C. B. Clarke

leaves narrow-lanceolate pubescent
beneath reticulating nerves prominent primary nerves diverging at acute angles
from the midrib, peduncles distant in the axils of leaves that are not bractiibrm
nor caducous.
;

alt. 10,000-14,000 ft.

Lachoong and Kongra Lama J. D. H.
Stern round, uniformly pubescent, apparently of the height of that of E. angusti-

Sikkim

folium. Leaves 4 by f in., all scattered, nearly sessile, minutely denticulate, acute.
Calyx-segments broad-lanceolate, acuminate, purplish, subpetaloid, free to the base.
Petals ^-f in., rose-purple, obovate.
Style densely hairy above the base; stigmas
This species has
4, distinct, spreading. Capsule (not ripe) 3 in. on a peduncle l in.
leaves somewhat like those of E. angustifolium but the inflorescence of E. latifolium.

3. E. latifolium, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 40 ; leaves oblong narrowed

at both ends glabrous or minutely pubescent without reticulating veins, peduncles distant in the axils of leaves that are not bractiform nor caducous.
E. speciosum, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Pot. t. 69. E. Gerardianum, Wall. Cat. 6326.

Alpine Western Himalaya; alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. Kashmir; Jacquemont, C.

Sirmork Gerard, Edgeworth.
Kumaon Strachey <$f Winterbottom.
B. Clarke.
Distrib. Daburia, Altai, Arctic Asia, Europe and America.
The typical plant is 1 ft. high and glabrous except the calyx-tube some of the
Himalayan examples have the stem pubescent apparently much taller and the leaves
minutely pubescent. Leaves 1^-3 by J-f in., scattered and opposite, entire or very
Calyx-segments broad-lanceoobscurely denticulate, obtuse rarely somewhat acute.
late, acuminate, purplish, subpetaloid, free to the base.
Petals ^-f in., rose-purple,
obovate. Style with a few scattered hairs above the base stigmas 4, distinct, spreading.
Seeds narrowly obovoid, smooth, coma
Capsule 3 in., closely pubescent.
;

fulvous.

Sect. II.

Lysimacliion.

distinctly 4-cleft with spreading lobes.

4.

Stigma
IS.

hirsutum,

Linn.

Stamens and style

Floivers regular.

DC.

Prodr.

iii.

erect.

42 hairy, middle cauline leaves

narrowed nearly to the base
;

ojJposite or alternate sessile obovate-lanceolate

denticulate-serrulate.

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

ii.

746.

E. serratum, Jacq. Journ.

Temperate Western Himalaya; alt. 5000-7000 ft. from Kashmir to Kumaon

Boyle, Madden, Jacquemont. T. Thomson, &c.
Distrib. Europe, Africa, Asia from
the Himalaya northwards and westwards.
Stem 2-5 ft., round, Uniformly hairy with glandular pubescence, and with scattered
;

'

long white hairs numerous towards the ends of the branches. Middle cauline leaves
usually opposite, often 3 in. or more by -| in., sessile, semi-amplexicaul but not decurrent as lines down the stem, green and softly pubescent on both surfaces.
Sepals
Petals ^ in.
green, oblong, acute in the expanded flower, in aestivation mucronate.
1
Stigmas 4, distinct, spreading.
Capsule 2-3
in., hairy, lower peduncles -1 in.

584

[Epilobium.

(C. B. Clarke. )

Lxn. ONAGRACE^}.

Seeds ellipsoid or obovoid, 2| times as long as broad,

ticulate, not papillose, coma fulvous.

little

narrowed at the base, punc-

Var. sericeum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 6325 (sp.) pubescence of the stem and leaves
densely white silky (not tomentose). E. tomentosum, Vent. Hart. Cds. t. 90. Disinto which this variety graduates.
trib. the same as that of the typical E. hirsutum
Var. latum, Wall. Cat. 6329 (sp.) in part; middle cauline leaves much smaller
often about 1 in. not semi-amplexicaui at the base little pubescent, no white silky
hairs on the plant.
Kashmir Jacquemont. Chumba, alt. 3000 ft. C. B. Clarke.
Kumaon Wallich near Almora, alt. 5000 ft. Strachey Winterbottom. JulThis plant has been from the leaves supposed
lundur, alt. 1000 ft; G. B. Clarke.
near E. tetragonum but the examples show the stigmas decisively spreading, so that
it is either a var. of E. hirsutum or a new species.
;

5.

E. parviflorum,

mostly opposite

Schreb.

DC.

Trodr. iii. 43 middle cauline leaves

broadest part of the leaf in its
747.
;

sessile oblong-lanceolate hairy,

basal third portion.

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

ii.

Western Himalaya Edgeworth Simla, T. Thomson. Distrib. West Asia,

Europe, North Africa.
Stem 2-3 ft., round, without lines, pubescent and with much crisped white hair.
Middle cauline leaves 1^-2 by ^| in., dentate, pubescent over both surfaces. Sepals
Petals usually smaller than those of E.
green, oblong, acute, in the bud mucronate.
hirsutum but are f in. in the Himalayan plant. Stigmas 4, distinct, spreading but
hardly revolute.
Capsule 2-3 in., sparingly hairy, lower peduncles ^-1 in.
Seeds
ellipsoid or obovoid, 1\ times as long as broad, little narrowed at the base, punctulate, not papillose, coma fulvous.
Seed exactly as that of E. hirsutum punctulate
by raised points, but these papillae excessively minute.
Vab. vestitum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 6327 (sp.) stem and leaves with fulvous
shaggy hair, the stem itself somewhat glaucous. Nipal Wallich.
;

** Stigmas combined or stigma clavate.

t Stem round, the

haii'S

sometimes in lines and the bases of the leaves some-

luhat decurrent in lines, but the stem not clearly quadrangular.

6. E. roseum, Schreb. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 749 ; stem uniformly hairy
or with hairy lines, leaves petioled (shortly in nearly all the Indian forms) from
ovate to narrow-lanceolate, seeds obovoid not fusiform nor gradually narrowed
at the top.

Temperate Himalaya,

alt.

5000-11,000

ft.;

common.

Distrib.

West Asia and

Europe.

Var. indicum middle cauline leaves lanceolate or ovate with crisped pubescence on
the midrib beneath, lateral nerves slightly raised glabrous or hairy, capsules scattered
long-pedicelled, seed punctulate points raised most minutely.
Baltistnn and Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 5000-11,000 ft., common. Stem 2 ft., usually bairy all round,
sometimes with four well-marked lines. Middle cauline leaves 1-2 in. opposite sometimes ternate, sometimes glabrous beneath except the midrib, more often with crisped
hairs on the primary nerves also; petiole often less than in. but sometimes nearly
\ in. Peduncle of the lower capsules often 1 in. or more. Coma of the seed very white
in well-preserved examples, but often discoloured in others.
E. latum, Wall. Cat.
6329, belongs mainly to E. hirsutum. but some of it. belongs here and some to E.
tetragonum. Large quantities of the form of this plant with broad ovate leaves and a
petiole of \ in. or thereabout constitute E. montanum var. himalayense of Indian herbaria: but in all these the style is unmistakably clavate, not at all (or most obscurely)
lobed at the summit.
Var. Dalhousieanum capsules often approximate, the lowest with a very short
peduncle, seed rather narrowly ellipsoid prominently papillose.
From Kashmir to
Sikkim, alt, 6000-9000 ft. abundant about Dalhousie.
Stem round, uniformly pu;


Epilobium."]

lxii.

onagfaceje.

(C. B. Clarke.)

585

Capsule* typically in erect clusters, lowest peduncle usually less than \ in.
one of the best marked forms of Indian Epilobiums and may be a good species
it is common in herbaria marked E. montanum var., or E. origanifolium var. (by
H. f. & T., roseum var.).
Var. anagallidifolium, Lamk. (sp.) in Syme Engl. Bot. t. 506 stem 4-12 in. glabrous near the base with hairy lines in the middle uniformly minutely pubescent near
the top, leaves small oblong obtuse nearly glabrous beneath, seeds most minutely
papillose.
West Tibet Thomson. Agrees exactly with the figure of Syme reduced
to E. alpinum Linn, in Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 750 and in Hk.f. Student's Brit. Fl. 145.
It differs slightly from E. alpinum by the less elongate seed very obtuse at the
summit and the more petioled leaves but runs into var. indicum.
Var. cylindricum, Don Prodr. (sp.) 222 stem glabrescent often with distinct
hairy lines, leaves linear-lanceolate on longer petioles very little pubescent, capsules
Wall.
long-peduncled, seeds obovoid most minutely papillose. DC. Prodr. iii. 43
Cat. 6328. From Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6000-10,000 ft. This plaDt has numerous
axillary short branchlets covered with linear-lanceolate leaves and has thus a general
resemblance to E. palustre, but the petioles are long and the seeds not elongate.
bescent.

This

is

7. Z2. XZookeri, C. B. Clarke

stem without lines uniformly pubescent,
middle cauline leaves opposite nearly sessile elliptic-oblong broad or rounded at
the base, glabrous beneath except the greatly raised nerves, seeds ellipsoid.
Epilobium No. 11, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. T.
;

Khasia Mts.,
Stem 2-3

alt.

3000-6000

ft.,

common.

Distrib. Japan.

quite round, usually thick set with leaves.

Leaves \\ by ^ in., denticulate; nerves much impressed above, elevated and covered with crisped pubescence
beneath. Petals \ in., purple. Stigma cl&vnte, elongate. Capsules 2-3 in., scattered,
lewe peduncles often \ in. Seeds obtuse, not narrowed at the apex, only slightly
narrowed at the base, most minutely papillose, coma fulvous.
ft.,

8. 32. kfeasianum, C. B. Clarke; stem without lines uniformly villose,

middle cauline leaves opposite subsessile elliptic-oblong villous over both surfaces, seeds ellipsoid.
Epilobium No. 6, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. fy T.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-5500 ft.; T. Lobh, Griffith, H.f. $ T., C. B. Clarke.
Stem 2-3 ft., quite round. Leaves 1^ by $ in., approximate, clothed with tawny
Petals ^ in. and upwards.
hair, nerves impressed.
Stigma clavate, very obscurely

lobed.
Capsules 2-3 in., scattered, little pubescent, lower peduncles ^-1 in.
Seeds
obtuse, not narrowed at the summit, only slightly narrowed at the base, most minutely papillose, coma fulvous. This differs from E. Hookeri in its villous indumentum and very large flowers, but may be a form of it. It also in its hairiness and

shape of the leaves resembles E. parviflorum var. vestitum

khasianum is hardly lobed.
9.

E. palustre,

Linn.

DC.

Prodr.

iii.

43

but the stigma in E.

stem without

lines glabrous

or with scanty sparse pubescence, leaves narrow-oblong rarely elliptic sessile or

nearly so glabrous or nearly so, seeds (in the Indian forms) obovoid not narrowed upwards. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 748.

Northern Kashmir and

Clarke.

Distrib.

Baltistan; alt. 8000-14,000 ft.;

T. Thomson, C. B.
Northern Asia, Europe and America but the Indian three forms
;

recede from the European type in their abbreviated seeds.

Var. typicum; stem 8-10 in., middle cauline leaves 1-1 j by ^ in., entire or
scarcely dentate, capsules 2 in., scattered, lower peduncle often | in., seeds ellipsoid,
not at all narrowed at top not greatly narrowed at the base most minutely papillose,
coma fulvous. This form agrees closely with the European type, but the seed is
entirely without the beak or production of the testa at the apex.
Var. majus stem 1-2 ft., middle cauline leaves 2-3 in. often much denticulate
sometimes petioled and sometimes broader elliptic when the plant can only be uisall

586
%

lxli.

onagrace2E.

(.C.

tinguished from E. roseum var. indicum by

its

[Epihbium.

B. Clarke.)

greater glabrousness and

obtuser

leaves.

Var. minimum

stem 3-4 in. with 1-2 capsules, flowers and leaves very small.
appearance coincides with E. alpinum, Linn, but the seeds are
broadly obovoid not at all elongate upwards.

This

in general

middle cauline leaves

10. XS. orig-anifoimm, Lamk. Diet. ii. 376
opposite sessile or very shortly petioled ovate or ovate-oblong, seeds elongate
narrow obovoid somewhat narrowed at the top. DC. Prodr. iii. 41 Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 750.
;

Alpine Himalaya, alt. 9000-14,000

Northern cool temperate and Arctic zone.

ft.

from Kashmir

to Sikkim.

Distrib.

Stem usually 8 in., someGreatly varying in the size of stem, leaves and flowers.
times 2 ft., usually with 2 hairy lines, sometimes exactly terete and uniformly pubesMiddle
cauline
leaves
usually 1 in., sessile, ovate, pubescent only on the
cent.
somewhat raised nerves beneath but the leaves are sometimes petioled, nearly 3 in.,
Flowers usually few, approximated
pubescent, sometimes ^ in. sessile glabrous.
in the var. E. Batowards the ends of the branches. Petals usually less than \ in.
Capsule
lansce Boiss. (collected by J. D. H. also in Sikkim) the petals exceed f in.
Seed minutely puncticulate, coma
1^-3 in., peduncle also variable in length.
;

fulvous.

stem villous, leaves f-1 in. villous over both surfaces sessile ovate.
Epilobium No. 7, Herb. Ind. Or.
10,000-12,000 ft. Latong, J. B. H.
H. f. $ T. Stems 4-8 in., little divided. Leaves acute, nearly all opposite. Flowers
Stigma clavate. Capsule half-ripe, seeds not seen.
few, approximated, not large.
The lowest leaves are small thick obovate rounded glabrous,
remarkable plant.
greatly resembling the similar leaves in E. origanifolium.

Var. villosum

Sikkim,

alt.

DC. Prodr. iii. 41 stems weak somewhat pu11. X*. alpinum, Linn.
bescent, middle cauline leaves opposite small subsessile narrow-elliptic glabrous
or pubescent on the nerves beneath, flowers few towards the end of the
branches, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 750.
;

Sikkim; alt. 12,000 ft.; Lachen, J. B. H.; Jongri, C.B. Clarice.

Stems 2-10 in., slender, scarcely divided. Middle cauline leaves \-\ in., denticulate obscurely or prominently, scarcely acute. Capsule \\ in", peduncle \-\ in,
Seeds
minutely papillose, narrowly ellipsoid, little narrowed at the summit coma silky,
white.
This is perhaps E. alpinum of Boissier but is not the ordinary European plant
which has a beaked seed as described in Hk. f. Student's British Flora, p. 145 the
European examples also have a fulvous coma.
;

ft Stem clearly quadrangular.

12. E. tetragfonum, Linn.
DC. Prodr. iii. 43; middle cauline leaves
mostly opposite oblong or narrow-elliptic glabrous but with crisped hair on the
raised nerves beneath usually denticulate-serrulate rarely acute.
Boiss. Fl.
;

Orient,

ii.

748.

E. brevifolium,

Don

Prodr. 222.

5000-12,000 ft., very common.

Khasii Mts., alt, 4000-6500 ft.,
common. Distrib. Cold and cool temperate zones of both hemispheres, and at
temperate elevations on mountains in the warmer zones.
Stems 1-3 ft., with crisped pubescence on the four angles. Middle cauline leaves
opposite, |-2 in., usually sessile, but in some Indian examples distinctly petioled, nerves
beneath raised often very prominently, above much impressed. Flowers rose or purple, rather small.
Capsule 1^-2 in. peduncle A_i. in.
Seeds narrowly elliptic, not
narrowed at the summit, very little narrowed at the base, minutely papillose,
Sikkim,

alt.

coma

fulvous.

Epilobium.]

onagrace^.

lxii.

587

(C. B. Clarke.)

Var. ? amplectens, Wall. Cat. 6330 stem obscurely quadrangular or the bases of
the leaves confluent and decurrent in two hairy lines, leaves nearly sessile often
somewhat rounded at the base. Kumaon Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.
(Tungu and Lachen) J. D. H.
Except that the hairy lines down the stem are strongly marked this plant might
be E. origanifolium above.
;

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

E. laxum, Royle III. p. 211, t. 43.

The figure shows the stem uniformly hairy,
while the letterpress states that there are four lines on the stem.

JUSSZSA,

2.

Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs, growing usually in swamps. Leaves alternate, undivided, mostly entire.
Flowers yellow or white, axillary, solitary pedicel usually 2-bracteate at the apex.
Calyx-tube scarcely produced above the ovary,
linear; teeth. 4-6, acute, persistent.
Stamens double
Petals 4-6, epigynous.
the number of petals, epigynous.
Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled ; style simple,
usually very short, stigma 4-5-lobed ovules oo, axile, in several vertical rows
at the inner ang.e of each cell.
Capsule linear, round or angular, 4-5-celled,
8-10-ribbed, opening septicidally in valves separating from the persistent ribs
or irregularly between the ribs.
Seeds very many, without coma.
Distrib.
Species 30, in the tropics of the whole world, most numerous in America.
',

1. J. repens, Linn.
DC. Prodr. iii. 54: creeping or floating, leaves obovate or oblanceolate obtuse narrowed into the petiole, petals 5 (rarely 6) white
the veins at base slightly yellow, capsule woody, seeds quadrate with a white
corky testa. Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 305 Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33 Fl.
Lnd. ii. 401
Wall. Cat. 6331 Hook. Pot. Misc. iii. 300, t. 40 W.8f A. Prodr.
336; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 628;' Gibs. <y Dalz. Bomb. Fl. 98 Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 751
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 90. J. fluviatilis, Blume
Bijd. 1132; DC. I.e.
J. floribunda, Griff. Notul. iv.
J. Swartziana, DC. I.e.
688.
Oubospermum palii3tre, Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 337. Rheede Hort. Mai. ii. t.
51.
Probably Jussisea diffusa, Forsk. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 488 with many
;

others.

Throughout India with Ceylon very common. Distrib. The warmer parts of
the whole world.
Herbaceous, often creeping on the margins of tanks, the stems also spreading on
the water and sustaining themselves on the surface by white vesicles ^1^ in. Leaves
very variable in size, -3 in., usually glabrous sometimes hairy, upper usually
1-2 in., nearly always obtuse in the Indian examples. Pedicel usually as long as the
capsule, sometimes quite short. Petals about \ in., obovate.
Capsule | 1| in., linearcylindric, glabrous or with scattered hairs.
Seeds smooth, reticulated.
;

J. suffruticosa, Linn.) DC. Prodr. iii. 58; erect, leaves lanceolate,

woody, seeds subhemispheric, testa with a
prominent raphe shining brown not corky.
Wall. Cat. 6334 Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 628 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 90. J. exaltata, Roxb.
2.

petals 4 all yellow, capsule not

Hort. Beng. 33
iii.

J. fruticosa,

phila,

DC.

Fl. Ind.

401.

ii.

55

DC.

I.

c.

J. villosa,

A.

Lamk.

Cochinc.

J. scabra, Willd.

I. c.

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

226. Rheede Hort.

i.

pt.

Mai

i.

Diet.

Prodr. 336; Gibs.

DC.

I.

627.

ii. t.

50.

iii.

331

JjC. Prodr.

Bomb. Fl. 98.

Burmanni, and octo-

J.

c.

Dalz.

decumbens, Wall. Cat.

280, fig. 3; DC. Prodr.
Epilobium fruticosum, Lour. Fl.

J. longipes, Griff. Notul. iv. 689.

J. angustifolia, Lamk. Diet. iii. 331 and III.

6322.
iii.

57; Wall, Cat. 6333; W.

J.

t.

.588

lxii.

ONAGRACEiE.

(0. B. Clarke.)

Inma

[Jussicea.

except the western desert region and in Ceylon. Distrtb. The

of the whole world.
Erect, branching, sometimes 4-6 ft.
Leaves 3 by f in., more or less villous
(rarely in Indian examples subglabrous), sometimes short, ovate-lanceolate, sometimes
nearly linear, shortly- petioled or sessile.
Pedicel very short, bracts inconspicuous,
or (in var. bract eata of Bottler) foliaeeous, 1 in. Petals %^ in.
Capsule 1-2 in.,
linear-cylindric, more or less villous or finally glabrous, 8-ribbed, membranous,
breaking up between the ribs. The form called J. angustifolia which has very
narrow nearly glabrous leaves is found in Burma and thence to Australia, but there
are no examples from Cis-Oangetic India.

In

all

warmer moist parts

3.

LVDWIGIA,

Linn.

Leaves alternate, undivided, subentire. Flowers usually axillary,

or nearly so, peduncle 2-bracteate at its apex.
Calyx-tube
scarcely produced above the ovary, linear in the Indian species teeth 3-5, acute,
Petals 3-5 (or 0), epigynous.
persistent.
Stamens equal in number to the
calyx-segments, epigynous.
Ovary inferior, 4-5-celled
style simple, stigma
capitate ovules very many, attached in 2 or more vertical rows to the inner
angle of each cell.
Capsule linear or oblong (in the Indian species), 4-5-celled,
opening by terminal pores or breaking up irregularly along the sides. Seeds
numerous, obovoid, smooth, raphe obscure or prominent but not large, without
coma. Distrib. Species 20, mostly in North America extending from the
cool temperate zone to the equator chiefly inhabiting marshes.
Herbs.

solitary,

sessile

1.

Za.

parviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11;

Fl. Lnd.

i.

419; capsule ^ by

many rows in each cell, raphe obscure. DC.

W. cy A. Prodr. 336 Dak 8r Gibs. Bomb.
101

-^2 in. linear-oblong, seeds in

Prodr.

iii.

59

Wight

III. t.

Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 307 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 752 Kurz in Journ.
L. lythroides, Blume Bijd. 1134; DC. l.v.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 91.
D.
jussiaeoides, WalL Cat. 6335 not of Linn, and others.
Fl. 99

Throughout India and Ceylon common in rice fields and other moist places.
North Australia. Persia. Abyssinia.
Erect, 8-24 in., glabrous.
Leaves 2-3 by -| in., lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
narrowed to the base. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, commonly 4-fid.
Petals
;

Distrib. Malaya.

Capsule inflated, smooth, the seeds not separately distinguishable

small, yellow.

through

its walls.

prostrata, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 11 Fl. Ind. i. 420 capsule $- by

one row in each cell, raphe narrow but prominent. DC.
Prodr. iii. 59
Wight Ic. t. 762 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 91. L.
diffusa, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 301
Wall. Cat. 6336. DC. 1. c. L.
fruticulosa, Blume Bijd. 1133; DC. I.e.
Nemato pyxis prostrata, pusilla, and
fruticulosa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 630.
2.

in.

X<.

linear, seeds in

North-West India;

Royle.

Assam.

Silhet.

Rangoon.

Ceylon.

Madras?

Distrib. Malaya, Japan.

in Herb. Bottler.
Leaves 2-3 by -f
Prostrate, or decumbent and then erect, 8-24 in., glabrous.
Flowers sessile, 4-fid. Capsule not inflated, the
in., lanceolate, narrowed to the base.
walls drawn tightly over the seeds so that each seed can be counted from without.
This species of Roxburgh's was extricated by Mr. Bentham in Fl. Austral, iii. 308,
where the synonymy is cleared up. Some of the Silhet examples however have some
of the capsules very like those of L. parviflora, and others inflated for half their
length like L. parviflora, and for the other half linear constricted like L. prostrata.
The two species are identical except as to their capsules and seeds.

Heyne

Circcea.]

onaqraceje.

lxii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

CIRCZEA,

4.

589

Linn.

Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, sinuate-dentate, membranous.

Herbs.
Flowers small, white, pedicelled, in terminal and lateral peduncled racemes,
pedicels spreading, with minute-subulate (or 0) bracts at their base.
finally lax
Calyx-tube ovoid, scarcel} produced above the ovary, limb bipartite. Petals 2,
Stamens 2, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 1-2obcordate, 2-lobed, epigynous.
ovules attached to the
style filiform, stigma capitate almost 2-lobed
celled
inner angle of the cells, solitary or rarely 2 superimposed. Fruit small, pyriSeeds 1 in each cell, ellipsoid..
forrn, subcoriaceous, indehiscent, 1-2-celled.
Distrib. Species 2 or 3, in subarctic and cool temperate regions of the northern
hemisphere, extending southwards to the tropics on mountains.
;

C. lutetiana, Linn.

C. Prodr. iii. 63; leaves ovate-lanceolate more

pubescent not pellucid, fruit 2-seeded narrowed at the base patent-deLamk. III. t.
flexed shorter than its pedicel covered with long hooked hairs.
0. repens, Wall. Cat. 6341.
16, fig. 1; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 753.
1.

oi less

Temperate Himalaya from Kitmaon to Sikkim,

Major Madden, J.D.H., T. Thomson-, examples few.

alt.

7000-10,000

Distrib.

ft.

WaJlick,

The northern hemi-

sphere, extending south to near the tropic of Cancer.

Stems 1-2 ft., erect or decumbent at the base only, puberulous or pubescent.
Leaves 2 by 1-1 in., long.-petioled, rounded or narrowed at the base. Bracts 0.
Fruit in., obovoid, the hooked hairs usually longer than
Petals white or pinkish.
The C. repens of Wallich agrees closely with the
half the width of the fruit.
European common type the stem is decumbent for a short space at the base only.

leaves ovate-lanceolate cordate at the

2. C. cordata, Boyle HI. t. 43
base more or less pubescent not pellucid, fruit 2-seeded broad-elliptic patentdeflexed little longer than broad from a broad rounded unequal base covered
with long hooked hairs, not shorter than its pedicel.
;

Western Himalaya

Boyle alt. 7000-8000 ft.

T. Thomson.
Kashmir, C. B.
Simla, Jacquemont Dalhousie, Chumba, alt. 7000-9000 ft. plentiful, C. B.
Distrib. Mandshuria, Japan.
Leaves 3-^ by
Stems 1-2 ft., stouter and more hairy than of E. lutetiana, erect.
Bracts 0. Petals yellow (ex Eoyle)
2 in., sometimes larger petiole often \\ in.
and appear so in the dried examples. Fruit scarcely in., nearly or quite as much
broad, the two carpels at the base generally descending unequally on the pedicel.
Clarke.
Clarke.

3. C. alpina, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iii. 63; leaves ovate glabrous or slightly
pubescent often pellucid, fruit 1-seeded narrowed at the base shorter than its
Lamk. III. t. 16, fig. 2 Wight III.
pedicel, glabrous or not densely hairy.
O. intermedia, Wall. Cat. 6342.
t. 101* ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 753.
;

Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 7000-11,000 ft., not rare.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4500-6000 ft. Nilghiris and Pulney Mts., alt. 7000 ft. Distrib.
The Temperate Northern hemisphere.
Leaves | in., and about equally broad,
"Erect, 6-8 in., typically nearly glabrous.
long-petioled, rounded or cordate at the base, often deeply sinuate-toothed subanguBracts minute, subulate, sometimes oblose, glabrous or pubescent on the nerves.
Fruit less than in
obovoid, sometimes nearly glabrous,
Petals white.
scure.
sometimes with many hooked hairs, but the hairs neither so many yellow nor long as
,

commonly

are those of C. lutetiana.

in., leaves much larger 1 in. more pubescent

the type of Wallich's C. intermedia. This plant
has only one seed to the fruit and differs only in trivial characters from C. alpina.

Var. himalaica; stem

not pellucid.

taller

10-18

In the Himalaya only

590

(C. B. Clarke.)

onagrace.e.

lxii.

;;;

[Trapa.

TRAP A, Linn.

5.

Leaves dimorphic submersed opposite, root-like, pinnatiwith filiform segments emersed rosulate, rhomboidal, the petiole with
a spongy dilatation near its apex. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncled. Calyxtube short, adnate to the lower part of the ovary; limb 4-partite, 2 or all the
segments persistent and becoming spinescent on the fruit. Petals 4, white,
Stamens 4. Ovary halfsmall, inserted at the margin of an epigynous disc.
style subulate, stigma capitate ovule
inferior, with a conical vertex, 2-celled
Fruit bony,
solitary in each cell, pendulous from the upper inner angle.
1-celled, large, obovoid, with 4 angles, 2 or all of which carry spines, indehiscent, with a short cylindric beak at the top through which the radicle is pro-

Floating herbs.

partite,

Seed 1, inverse, cotyledons very unequal. Distrib. Species 2, extruded.

tending through the warmer parts of the Old World, from Central Europe to
China and to Tropical Africa.

Hort. Beng. 11 ; JFY. Lnd. i. 428

1. T. hispinosa, Roxb. Cor. PI. 234
leaves usually very villous beneath, fruit with 2 angles spinescent. DC. Prodr.
Wall. Cat. 6339
W. $ A. Prodr. 337 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
iii. 64
636 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 99 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 91. T.
Rheede Hort. Mai. xi. t. 33.
quadrispinosa, Wall. Cat. 6340 not Roib.
;

Throughout India and Ceylon.

Distrib.

South-eastern Asia and Malaya

Tro-

pical Africa.

In the Koxburghian type, floating leaves 2 by

2A-- 3 in.,

very villous beneath, pos-

margin entire, anterior lightly crenate petiole 4-6 in., woolly. Fruit f in.
long and broad, glabrous or hairy two opposite angles each with an often retrorsely
scabrous spine, the other two angles sometimes obsolete. Very doubtfully distinct
from the next species as Wallich has noted on his specimens.
Var. incisa, Wall. leaves much smaller about f in. much less villous beneath
Marked also T. quadrispinosa by Wallich
incise serrate on the anterior margin.
but though the leaves are the leaves of T. natans, the fruit is that of T. bispinosa.
terior

2. T. natans, Linn.
DC. P?'odr. iii. 63 leaves sparingly villous on the
nerves beneath, fruit with all 4 angles carrying spines. Lamk. III. t. 75 Boiss.
Fl. Ind. i. 451
T. quadrispinosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11
Fl. Orient, ii. 753.
;

DC.

I.

c.

Kashmir;

Falconer, Jacquemont.
Silhet; Roxburgh (but no example thence at
Distrib. Persia to Central Europe and the Upper Nile.
Floating leaves 1 in., dentate or incise-dentate on the anterior margin petiole
2-4 in., glabrescent. Fruit f in. broad, the 4 angles all spinescent but the two lateral

Kew).

spines shorter.

Order LXIII.

SAMYDACE2E.

(By C. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often distichous, petioled occasionally

subsessile, simple, entirely or lightly crenate or serrate, often closely punctulate
beneath ; stipules small, deciduous. Flowers regular, small, axillary, shortly
pedicelled, densely fascicled or in long simple or panicled racemes.
Calyx
coriaceous, persistent ; tube short, free, or longer and adnate to the ovary ;
limb 3-7-fid. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes (or 0), perigynous, imbricated.
Stamens definite or indefinite, often with staminodes between or united in a
tube with them. Ovary superior or half-superior, 1-celled ; style 1, capitate or

lxiii.

Cascaria.']

3-fid at the apex, or styles

samydace^.
2-5

ovules

(C. B. Clarke.)

many

591

or several, placentas 2-5 (usually

Fruit loculicidally 2-5- (usually 3-) valved, valves carrying the

seeds on their medial line. Seeds several (usually few sometimes many), oblong
Distkib. Species 150, scattered
or angular, albuminous, usually drilled.
through the tropical regions of the globe, rarely also in the subtropical.
3)',

parietal.

Petals 0, flowers in axillary fascicles

Petals 0, racemes slender in a terminal panicle
Petals present, racemes axillary and terminal

1.

Shrubs or small

2.

Casearia.
Osmelia.

3.

Homalium.

1.

CASE2LRXA,

Jacq.

Leaves alternate, distichous, petioled, undivided, entire or slightly serrate, often minutely punctate beneath
stipules small, lateral,
caducous. Flowers small, greenish-yellow, clustered in the axils (in the Indian
pedicels short, jointed above their bas-e, surrounded by small scales.
species)
Calyx inferior, deeply 4-5-lobed lobes imbricate, obtuse, persistent. Petals 0.
Stamens double the number of calyx-lobes or thereabout, united in a tube
with stamit odes alternating with the free portion of the filaments; staminal
tube hypogynous, sometimes very short so that the filaments are nearly or quite
style simple
stigma capitate or 3-fid. ovules
free. Ovary free, ovoid, 1-celled
many, parietal. Capsule succulent, globose or ovoid, ellipsoid (when dry somewhat 3-angular or 6-ribbed), 3- rarely 2-valved. Seeds many, angular or obovoid, with a fleshy usually coloured aril
embryo straight. Distkib. Species
80, in the warmer parts of the whole globe, most plentiful in America.
trees.

Adult

leaves

and petioles

glabrous.

1. C. glomerata, JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 33; Fl. Ind. ii. 419; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate denticulate or crenate often obscurely
and minutely so but never quite entire, acute or obtuse but not rounded cordate
DC. Prodr.
at the base, pedicels with minute vellow hair, fruit in., ellipsoid.
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 122 ; not of Kurz Flor. Fl. i. 530. 0. ovate, Wall.
ii. 49
;

Cat.

7192 E, not of Roxb.

Sikkim, Bhotan and Khasia, alt. 3000-5000 ft., common. Distrib. Hong Kong
(and probably Malaya, for the examples of C. glahrata Miq. collected in Sumatra appear C. glomerata).
A shrub, or in interior Sikkim a tree 20-30 ft.; branchlets somewhat angular,
glabrous, not or but little lenticellate. Leaves commonly 4 by if in. (in Sikkim frequently 9 in.) petiole \ in. Pedicels usually very many, i in.
Calyx small, more or
Stamens 7-10, staminodes yellow.
plant collected in
less pubescent in the bud.
"
Kurz.
marked
glabra,"
bark
Sikkim by Mr.
C.
has
densely uniformly lenticellate,
young
and
in.
and
the
buds
pedicels
without
petioles ~
the smaller yellow hairs
it can scarcely be Eoxburgh's C. glabra from the Moluccas and which is not represented in the Kew Herbarium.
;

2. C. leucolepis, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 463 ;

leaves oblong acute crenulate base rounded unequal, pedicels with minute grey
hairs.
? C. viridiflora Lamk. Diet. vi. 493.

Singapore

T. Lobb.
Distrib. Java, Philippines.
Branchlets nearly glabrous. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in. petiole ^ in. Pedicels \ in.
buds minutely hairy, larger than those of C. glomerata. There is a doubt whether
Thos. Lobb's No. 468 on which Turczaninow founded the species was not collected at
Luzon instead of Singapore. If so the species has not yet been found in British India.
;

:;

592

lxiii.

samydace^:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Casearia.

Also, Turczaninow's descriptioa is not correct as to the absolute glabrousness of the

species.
The sepals and tips of the branchlets of Lobb No. 468 are minutely pubescent and the examples of C. angustata, Teys. $ Binn. (see Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
710) only differ by being slightly more pubescent. Lastly, the whole does not differ
from C. glomerata so much as C. glomerata if cultivated at Singapore might be ex;

pected to vary from the Sikkim type.

3. C. graveolens, Dalz. in Honk. Journ. Bot. iv. 107
leaves elliptic
obtuse or shortly acute more or less crenate, base of the calyx pubescent,
pedicel above the articulation glabrous, fruit f in. ellipsoid.
Dalz. fy Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 11 Brand. For. FL 243. 0. Hamiltoni, Wall, Cat. 7195 chiefly.
0. macrosryna, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 463 Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 92 For. Fl. i. 529.
;

Gurwhal and Kumaon;

Deccan Peninsula,

Boyle, Wallich, c.
Sikkim alt. 1500 ft., C. B. Clarke.
especially the western side, common ; Wight, &c.
Burma
;

McClelland, Kurz.

shrub, or tree 20 ft. branchlets glabrous to the final stipules.

Leaves (in the
type) 4 by 2f in., broadly elliptic, little acuminate, rounded at the base petiole ^in.
but the leaves are often narrower, almost lanceolate, and acute at the base.
Pedicels
usually short, sometimes in., jointed at or above the base, aureo-pubescent below
Calyx always pubesthe articulation glabrous above to near the base of the calyx.
cent at the base, above sometimes densely aureo-pubescect sometimes glabrous.
This
species is to be separated from C. glomerata by the pedicel glabrous above its articufrom C. esculenta by its less entire less thick
lation and by its geographic locality
As to the Wallichian Number quoted
leaves and the calyx pubescent at its base.
in the large paper type, Wall. Cat. 7195, A and one sheet of B is C. graveolens; the
The Burmese plant is distributed by
other part of B does not belong to the genus.
Mr. Kurz under the name C. Hamiltoni, Wall, correctly: but in Journ. As. Soc. and
For. Fl. he has changed the name to C. Canziala, Wall, (see 10. C. tomentosa.)
Now
Roxburgh says his C. ovata has the leaves downy beneath, whereas' Mr. Kurz savs
parts
glabrous:
Wallich's own Canziala is hairy.
(truly) that his plant has all
;

C. esculenta, Rovb. Fl. Ind.

422

leaves elliptic-lanceolate enits articulation and

O. laevigata, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot.
calyx glabrous, fruit |-f in. ellipsoid.
Dalz. 8c Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11.
C. Ohampionii and zeylanica, Thtoaites
iv. 107
Fnum. p. 19. O. varians, Thwaites Enum. 19 at least as regards var. a; Bedd,
FL Sylv. t. 208.
4.

tire acute at the base or at least

ii.

not rounded, pedicel above

Malabar, from Bombay to Kurg, frequent.

Moulmein and Singapore, Lobb. Griffith, Maingay.

Ceylon,

plentiful

Thwaitcs.

A shrub or small tree, branches glabrous. L?aves 3-6 by 1-2 in., broad-lanceolate,
narrowed to both ends, entire or most obscurely crenate, thick, subcoriaceous petiole
$-^ in. Pedicels short, usually less than \ in. in fruit, jointed at the base. Carpels 2,
with 2-fid stigma (Thwaites No. 2604, 2657); but carpels often 3 (see Beddome Fl.
Sylv. 208).
C. Championii Thwaites with very entire coriaceous acuminated leaves is
exactly the form sent from Moulmein and Singapore.
angusta
leaves narrow-lanceolar 4 by 1 in.
Ceylon Thwaites No. 2603
Var.
reduced with hesitation to C. esculenta by Mr. Bentham in Fl. Austral, iii. 309.
;

5. C. coriaeea, Thwaites Fnum. 20; leaves obovate obtuse or rounded

at the vertex entire, pedicel above its articulation and calyx glabrous, fruit
C. varians var. y obovata Thwaites l. c.
i-f in. ellipsoid.

Thwaites, Gardner, Walker.

alt. 6000-8000 ft.
small tree, branches glabrous. Leaves 2 in!, much narrowed at the base
Carpels always 2 ( Thwa.itr.xY

Ceylon,

A
I

in.

petiole

Casearia.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

samydace^:.

lxiii.

593

6. C. rubescens, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 108

leaves ellipticlanceolate entire acute or obtuse base not rounded, pedicels minutely pubescent,
Dalz. $- Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11.
fruit | in. and upwards ellipsoid.
;

Bombay Ghauts, Concan and Kurg

Balzell, Stocks, Ritchie,

shrub 4-6 ft. (Dalzell) branches glabrous to the final stipules. Leaves 4^ by
2^ in., acuminated, coriaceous often ruddy (but not more so than some examples of
Pedicels short, usually less than \ in., jointed at the base.
C. esculenta) petiole \ in.
Calyx-lobes broad, minutely pubescent.
This species is here distinguished from C.
esculenta solely by the minute pubescence of the pedicels.
;

7.

macrocarpa,

C.

glabrous, fruit 1 by

C.

B. Clarke

leaves narrowly lanceolate, pedicels

in.

Pinang; Maingay 660-2.

Leaves 5 by

Branchlets reddish, glabrous.

dish, reticulate, shining

reddish, buds glabrous.

8.

] \ in., entire, acute at both ends, redPedicels few, not exceeding \ in., glabrous,
obovoid, compressed.

petiole \ in.

Seeds %

in.,

leaves oblong acute at both ends,

C. albicans, Wall. Cat. 7197
by 1 in. ovoid bright yellow when ripe {Maingay).
;

pedicels glabrous, fruit 2

Pinang Wallich. Malacca Maingay, No. 660.

Branchlets thick, glabrous, striate. Leaves 9 by 2| in., entire, coriaceous, nerves
much raised beneath petiole in. Pedicels clustered, \ in., buds glabrous. It is
possible that this species may prove a variety of the preceding, but the loaves are much
broader, the fruit ovoid (instead of narrowly ellipsoid) as noted by Dr. Maingay.
;

** Adult leaves on the midrib beneath together with the petiole more or

less

pubescent.

Vareca,

C.

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33

Fl. Ind. ii. 418 ; leaves oblong

above the articulation glabrous,
Wall. Cat. 7194 ; Kurz
fruit \ in. broadly ellipsoid yellow or pinkish yellow.
For. Fl. i. 530.
9.

closely serrate

softly hairy beneath, pedicels

Terai of the Himalaya from Sikkim eastward and of Khasia, at 500-3000 ft.
Distrib. Ava.
A shrub, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 3^ by 1^ in., often somewhat cbovate,
Pedicels less
obtuse suddenly narrowed but sometimes acuminate; petiole \ in.
than \ in., usually jointed far above the base, very hairy below the articulation. Staminal tube elongate, stamens often 10. Seeds in bright red pulp. The leaves have
regularly and closely placed serrations which prominently mark this species from all
others and appear to have completely protected it against synonyms.
elevation, plentiful.

tomentosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 421 ; leaves elliptic-oblong or lan10.

ceolate entire or crenate not acuminate base acute or rounded, pedicels and
Wall. Cat. 7191 ; Brand. For. Fl.
calvx hairy, fruit -f in. broad-ellipsoid.
243, t. 31. O. Anavinga, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11. C. ovata, Roxb. Fl.
C. Oanziala, Ham. in
Ind. ii. 40 (not of Willd.) ; Wall. Cat. 7192 excl. E.
Wall. Cat. 7192; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc.78; Kurz in Flora 1871, 294. O.
ii. 628
DC. Prod. ii. 51 Wight Ic. t. 1849 ; Wall.
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 253 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 709. 0. glabra,
Cat. 7193
Hort. Calc. in Herb. Wall, and Herb. Heyne. 0. Dallichii, F. Muell. ; Benth.
Samyda piscidia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7193 ?. Rheede
Fl. Austral, iii. 309.
elliptica, Willd. Sp. PI.

Hort. Mai.

v. 50.

Throughout India and Ceylon, common.

VOL.

II.

Distrib. Malaya and North Australia.

(i


594

;;

SAMYDACE2E.

lxiii.

(C. B. Clarke.)

\_Gasearia.

A shrub, or tree attaining 25 ft. branchlets tomentose pubescent or nearly glaLeaves 4 by l in., tomentose beneath or pubescent or only slightly hairy
about the base of the midrib, rarely so closely serrate as in Wight Ic. t. 1849, often
nearly entire petiole variable from to 6 in. in Central India examples. Pedicels
usually numerous, less than in. buds usually hairy, sometimes nearly glabrous.
Stamina! tube short, stamens 7-10 (sometimes 12 Benth.). Seeds in red pulp. The
typical C. tomentosa of North-West India has softly villous oblong nearly entire leaves
the South Indian examples (var. elliptica)\mre the leaves more glabrous, morecrenateserrate and more narrowed at base. With these the Malayan examples agree.
As to
C. Canziala, Wall. Cat. 7192 stated by Wall, to be equivalent to C. ovata Roxb. the
numerous examples of Wight and Wallich have the pedicels buds and leaves beneath
villous and if it is separable as a species it is certainly not C. graveolens.
Willdenow says his C. elliptica has glabrous leaves and Roxburgh says his C. glabra has
glabrous leaves; so that these synonyms as known only from description must be
But it is very probable that they relate to the nearly glabrous form C.
excluded.
Ballachii (see Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 309).
;

brous.

11. C. Xiobbiana, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. p. 463
leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate entire softly hairy beneath, flowers almost
sessile, fruit less than in. diam. nearly globose.

Moulmein and Singapore,

T.

Lobb

Malacca,

Griffith.

Branchlets round, softly hairy. Leaves 2|-3by f-l in. petiole -| in. Buds
Scarcely differs from C. tomentosa but
most minutely pubescent. Fruit subsessile.
;

by the more acuminate

leaves.

12. C. grewiaefolia, Vent. Choix. 48; leaves large oblong hairy

beneath entire or crenulate base rounded or cordate, pedicels pubescent, fruit
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 706. C. variabilis,
f-1 in. DC. Prodr. ii. 51
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 252. 0. subcuneata, Miq. 1. c. 0. cinerea, Turcz. in Bull.
Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, pt. i. 462.
;

Distrib. Malaya to the Philippines.

small tree (Maingay), branchlets more or less pubescent. Leaves 7 by 2\ in.
Pedicels often \ in., jointed at the base, buds generally pubescent.
petiole \ in.
Differs little from C. tomentosa but by the cordate base of the leaves as Ventenat
mentions. Miquel says his C. subcuneata differs from the typical C. grewicefolia in
being less hairy but in Miquel's own communicated examples there is hardly any

Malacca, Maingay No. 659, 661.

difference even in this respect.

13. C. wynadensis, Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 160; leaves ellipticlanceolate acuminate denticulate-serrate pubescent beneath narrowed into the
petiole, pedicels pubescent.

Wtnaad

alt.

2000-3000

ft.

Beddome.

Leaves 4-6 by 1|- 2 in. pesmall tree (Beddome), branchlets aureo-villous.

tiole - in. Pedicels not very many together, ~ in. or less
buds minutely pubescent.
Stigma 4-lobed (Beddome). Differs considerably from C. tomentosa among other
things by the leaves being acuminated to a very sharp point.
;

G. XLurzii, C. B. Clarke; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate

narrowed at the base with spreading yellow hairs beneath crenate or nearly
14.

entire, pedicels pubescent very long, fruit ellipsoid (f in. ?).

puberula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 92 For. Fl.
;

i.

O. glomerata var.
530.

H. f. # T. Distrib. Northern Burma.

Branchlets minutely pubescent. Leaves 5 by 2 in. petiole nearly in. Pedicels
Calyx minutely pubescent. Fruit not ripe but
not very many together, \-\ in.

Chittagong


Casearia.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

samydacejj.

lxiii.

595

annot become very large. The pedicels are much longer in this species than in any
of the others and the pubescence of the leaves beneath differs from all except that
of C. grewicsfolia.
A Casearia collected by Griffith in fruit in Assam may be this,
but the pedicels are shorter, and some of the leaves rounded at the base, approaching
;

thus C. grewiatfolia.

IMPERFECTLY

KNOWN AND EXCLUDED

SPECIES.

C. ASTTLA, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp.Mosc. 1863, 608; branchlets pubescent, leaves
glabrous, sterile stamens densely white-hirsute, style 0.

East Indies; Roxburgh (Jide Turcz.).

Leaves lanceolate, somewhat long but obtusely acuminate, margin revolute

entire,

shining, not punctate petiole short. Pedicels 3 or few.

Calyx-tube top-shaped, contracted in the middle, segments reflexed.
very distinct species in the structure of
its flowers, forming the type of a separate subgenus.
Not seen ; the foregoing is

taken from Turczaninow.

Casearia ? coriacea, Wall. Cat. 7196,

Enum.

is

Chatocarpus castanocarpus, Thwaites

275.

Casearia ? acuminata, Wall. Cat. 7198, has opposite leaves and is remote from
the genus and order.
,
Casearia ?lucida, Wall. Cat. 7199, is a Euphorbiaceous plant, possibly the male
of Wall. Cat. 7196.

2.

OS1VIELIA,

Thwaites.

Trees.
Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or obFlowers small, very
scurely serrate, epunctate ; stipules minute, deciduous.
nearly sessile, in long racemes which are simple or panicled.
Calyx inferior,
divided nearly to the base ; lobes 5, rounded, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens 10
(or 8), 5 alternating with as many 2-lobed hairy scales and 5 inserted in thenotch.es of those scales.
Ovary superior, 1-celled ; styles 3, short, with capiCapsule subglobose, 3tellate stigmas
ovules few, placentas 3, parietal.
valved.
Seeds few, subglobose, with red fleshy aril. Distrib. Species 8
one in Ceylon, two in the Philippines.
;

1. O. zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 20 ; leaves glabrous narrow ellipticBenth. in Journ. Linn.

lanceolate acuminate nearly entire, panicle terminal.
Casearia paniculata, Gardn.
Soc. v. Suppl. 89 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 209.

Ceylon; Gardner Central Province, alt. 3000 ft., not common

Younger branches and panicle pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1
;

Thwaites.
in.,

narrowed at

the base ; petiole \ in. Panicle lax, racemes 4-6 in. Flowers white tinged with red,
each supported by a single cup-shaped bract. Stamens 10. Ovary very hairy. Capsule f in., coriaceous.
Seeds 1-4, subglobose.

3.

HOHXAZ.XUBX,

Jacq.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, crenate or subentire, petioled or sessile,

rarely punctulate.
Flowers hairy, small, in slender axillary and sub-terminal
simple or panicled racemes ; bract at the base of the pedicel often prominent
but caducous. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, adnate to the base of the ovary
lobes 5-7, narrow, persistent.
Petals 5-7, inserted in the throat of the calyx,
linear-oblong, persistent. Disk tomentose.
Stamens solitary or in fascicles of
Ovary hall-superior, 1-celled
1-7, opposite the petals with alternating glands.

596

lxiii.

[Homalium.

(C. B. Clarke.)

samydaceji.

ovules many or several, placentas

2-5, filiform, stigmas capitellate
extending only down the upper free portion of the ovary Capsule
Seeds few, angular or oblong.
half-superior, coriaceous, 2-5-valved at the apex.
Distrib. Species 30, scattered over the hot regions of nearly the whole globe.

styles

parietal,

As no one of the Indian specimens exhibits fruit, the description of the capsule
and seeds in the above diagnosis has been assumed to apply to the Indian species.
Sect.
*

Blackwellia.

I.

Racemes

Stamens 1 opposite each

petal.

panicled.

H. nepalense,

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 34 leaves ovate or

subacute petioled crenate glabrous, panicles with divaricate branches
minutely tomentose or nearly glabrous. Blackwellia nepalensis, Wall. PI. As.
Ear. t. 179 Wall. Cat. 4900 DC. Prodr. ii. 54. B. (Astranthus) acuminata,
Wall, in Herb.
1.

elliptic

Nipax; Wallich.
Leaves 4\ by 2|- in., subacute obtuse or scarcely rounded at the base petiole in.
Flowers small, short-pedicelled, 6-7 -fid.
Panicles 3-4 in. long and broad, axillary.
\

** Racemes elongate simple.

H. tomentosum,

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 34 leaves nearly

obovate repand-crenate pubescent or tomentose beneath, flowers clustered
Kurz For. Fl. i. 531. Blackwellia tomentosa, Vent. Choix t. 57
subsessile.
DC. Prodr. ii. 55; Mia. Fl. Ind, Bat. i. pt. i. 714. B. spiralis, Wall. Cat.
2.

sessile

4897, partly

Pegu

DC.

I.e.

Distrib. Java.
Wallich, Kurz.
Leaves 5 by 3 in., narrowed or scarcely rounded at the base petiole | in. or less.
Racemes 6 in., axillary, scattered, tomentose. Flowers small, 5-6-fid. Calyx-tube not
elongated, segments about equalling the petals.
;

3. XX. longifolium, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 35 {excl. syn.) leaves

petioled oblong or oblong-lanceolate not rounded at the base entire or nearly so
glabrous, flowers clustered pedicelled, calyx-tube short segments nearly as
long as the petals. Blackwellia macrostachya, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc.

1863, 610 ex descr.

Phillips.
Mat aya Maingay No. 665.
not very large but high (Maingay). Leaves 4-7 by 1 \-2\ in. petiole \ in.
6 in., axillary, scattered, but mostly towards the ends of the branchlets, toor scarcely more than puberulous pedicels short, usually less than in.
For the synonym Wall. Cat. 4897 in part adduced by Mr.
small, 6-8-fid.
Bentham see H. propinquum below.

Pinang

Tree
Racemes
mentose
Flowers

glabrous, leaves petioled

4. K. minutiflorum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 532
oblong coarsely crenate, pedicels glabrous, flowers minute about
in. long.
;

Burma, probably Martaban

or Tenasserim

Brandts.
An evergreen tree. Leaves 3-5 in., obtusely apiculate, thin, coriaceous petiole
Racemes glabrous, simple or slightly branched, in pairs or solitary,
Jw.$ in., stout.
Calyx glabrous segments oblong-linear, villous -ciliate. Filaments slender,
axillary.
one before each -petal. Not .seen description copied from Mr. Kurz.
;

5.

H. zeylanicum,

elliptic

Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 35 leaves petioled

narrowed at both ends crenate glabrous, flowers clustered pedicelled,
;

Homalium.']

lxiii.

samydace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

597

calyx-tube oblong top-shaped segments shorter than the petals.

Betid. Fl.
Blackwellia zeylanica, Gardn. in Cole. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 452.
Sylv. t. 210.
B. tetrandra, Wight Ic. t. 1851.

Ceylon, moister
ft., not uncommon ; Law, Stocks, &c.
Walker, &c.
A tree 40-50 ft. Leaves 4 by 2 in., obtusely acuminate petiole f in. Raceme*
axillary, scattered, also approximated at the ends of the branches, often dense -with
flowers; pedicels short, usually about in.
Flowers small (but varying considerably
in size), 4-6-fid.
Styles 3-4.

Malabab, up

parts up to 3000

4000

to

ft.

Sect. II.

Racoubea.

Stamens 2-7 opposite or subopposite each petal

some of the filaments sometimes having no

*

Racemes panicled or more or

anthers.

less divided.

6. H. Schlichii, Kurz For. Fl. i. 532 ; leaves petioled elliptic narrowed

at both ends coarsely crenate glabrous, racemes terminal or subterminal, panicled grey-pubescent, stamens 3 before each petal.

Chittagong, in tropical forests

Kwrz.

7. H. propinquum, C. B. Clarke) leaves petioled oblong undulatecrenate pubescent on the midrib beneath, racemes often simple, flowers clustered pedicelled, calyx-tube oblong top-shaped segments nearly as long as the
petals.
H. longifolium, in part Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 35.- Blackwellia propinqua, Wall. Cat. 4898.
B. spiralis, Wall. Cat. 4897 A.

Pegu

Wallich.

Leaves 4-8 by 1| 3 in., obtuse, base usually narrowed sometimes unequally

rounded
Racemes 6 in., towards the ends of the
petiole scarcely \ in., villous.
branches, villous-tomentose, simple or branched once pedicels about ^ in. Flower*
small, 6-fid.
Stamens 2 before each petal, both bearing anthers.
;

** Racemes elongate, simple.

H. G-rimthianum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 93; For.
531, character emended and all syn. excl. leaves short-petioled ellipticrounded subcordate at the base pubescent on the nerves above aureo-villous beneath crenate, flowers clustered very short-pedicelled 8-10-fid, calyx-tube very
short.
H. fcetidum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 37 partly, not of others.
Blackwellia dasyantha, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. 1863, 610. Blackwellia
sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 584.
8.

Fl.

i.

Mebgui,

Tenassebim, Heifer.
Griffith No. 991.
Branchlets with spreading yellow hairs. Leaves 3 by 2 in., not much acuminate,
above densely yellow villous-pubescent on the nerves with scattered hairs on the surface especially near the margin long golden spreading hairs on the midrib beneath,
and bundles of similar hairs in the axils of the nerves petiole scarcely \ in., densely
villous. Racemes 6 in., tomentose; pedicels very short, less than in. Flowers small,
but larger and much more hairy than those of H. fcetidum. Calyx-segments shorter
than the petals. Styles 5. Griffith states in Notul. that his plant has two stamens
before each petal, as his specimens clearly show it is by oversight that Mr. Kurz
has described one only.
;

leaves petioled ellip9. K. fcetidum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 37

narrowed at both ends glabrous crenate, flowers clustered pedicelled 6-8-fid,
calyx-tube short segments a little shorter than the petals. Blackwellia fcetida.
;

tic


598

lxiii.

[Homalium.

(C. B. Clarke.)

SAMTDACE.E.

Wall. Cat. 4899 Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. 53 Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat.
tranthus foetida, Wall, in Herb. Ludia fcetida, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
;

Malacca

Griffith,

i.

ii.

i. 714.
As508 ex Wallich.

pt.

Maingay No. 664. Distrib. Malaya.

and petioles glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by l-3

tree, branchlets leaves

narrowed

in.,

base

Racemes 6 in., minutely tomentose or glabrous pedicels

- in.
short, often in.
Stamens 2 or 3 before each petal. Ovary densely villous. Styles
3-4 (5 ex Maingay). Fruit 1-seeded according to a note of Maingay.
;

petiole

K.

grandiflorum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 37 ; leaves short10.

petioled elliptic-oblong entire coriaceous glabrous, flowers pedicelled solitary
6- 7-fid, calyx-tube short, segments enlarged after flowering and longer than the
petals,

stamens about 7 to each petal.

Malacca; Griffith.Distrib. Sumatra.

Racemes 6 in., puberulo-pubescent or toLeaves 6 by 2^ in. petiole hardly } in.
Flowers large, calyx-segments after flowering in.
mentose, pedicels about ^ in.
Ovary even in flower with the apex much elevated. Styles 5.
;

leaves petioled elliptic

11. B. travancoricum, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 211
erenate glabrous, flowers subsessile clustered usually 5-fi.d, calyx-tube short
turbinate segments hardly half the length of the petals, gtamens 3-4 opposite
each petal.
;

South Malabar Mts. Travancore and Tinnivelly Ghauts Beddome.

A handsome middle-sized tree (Beddome). Leaves 3-4 by l|-lf in., obtuse acute
Raor acuminate, base subacute or obtuse hardly rounded petiole less than \ in.
;

cemes 2-4 in., axillary, puberulo-pubescent, not so dense-flowered as jn H. zeylanicum

(ex Beddome) but the flowers appear as dense as in other species.
;

doubtful
H. fostidum, Kurz For.

species.

532 not of others; all parts quite glabrous, leaves

broadly-oblong coarsely crenate, stamens in pairs opposite the petals, ovary glabrous.
Tenasserim, Kurz.
The ovary is densely villous in all the Kew H. fatidum.

Order LXIV.

Fl.

i.

PASSIFLOREJE.

(By M.

T. Masters.)

Twining herbs or shrubs, rarely erect. Leaves alternate, stipulate, simple or

Petiole usually
lobed, penni- or palmi-nerved, frequently glandular beneath.
Tendrils axillary or 0.
provided with glands. Stipules foliaceous or minute.
Injlorescence axillary, cymose, sometimes with one or more branches cirrose,
Bracteoles 3, minute and scattered, or foliaceous and
rarely flowers solitary.
Calyx
forming an epicalyx, rarely 0. Flowers regular, unisexual or bisexual.
tubular at the base, fleshy, subcoriaceous or membranous ; segments imbricate,
or as many as the calyx-lobes, springing from the tube of the calyx,
Petals
5.
membranous or fleshy, imbricate, marcescent. Corona of one or more rows,
filamentous or membranous or both, arising from various portions of the calyxbasilar corona urceolate or cup-shaped, surrounding the base of
tube, rarely
the andrcecium, sometimes represented by five separate glands of the disc
Stamens 5, on a gynophore or free at the base, perigynous ; anthers
rarely 0.
Ovary
oblong, 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed, dehiscing laterally or introrsely.
superior, on a gynophore or subsessile, 1-celled with 3 parietal placentas,
rudimentary or absent in the male flowers. Styles 1 or 3 ; stigmas reniform,
;

lxiv. passiflorej:.

Passiflora.']

(M. T. Masters.)

599

capitate or flattened.
Ovules numerous, pendulous, anatropous ; funicle expanded into a cup-shaped arillus. Fruit baccate or capsular. Seeds numerous,
ovoid or flattened, often pitted, covered with a fleshy arillus, albumen fleshy,
rarely scanty
embryo straight, cotyledons flat leafy, radicle short terete.
;

Distrib. Chiefly tropical

20

most numerous

in

Genera about

South America.

species about 300.

Carica Papaya, L. The Papaw is

ralized in various parts of India.

Tribe

I.

Passifloreae.

commonly

cultivated,

Flowers hermaphrodite.

and is more or

Stamens hypogynous.

Twining herbs or shrubs

Erect shrubs

Tribe

II.

DXddecceae.

Flowers unisexual.

1.

Passiflora.

2.

Pajbopsia.

Stamens perigynous.
3.

1.

less natu-

Modecca.

PASSIFLORA, Linn.

Twining shrubs. Leaves simple or palmilobed, usually with glands on the

and on the petiole stipules thread-like or leafy. Flowers' pedun-

tinder surface

peduncles simple or cymose. Bracteoles 3, small, scattered.

Calyx-tube
Petals 5, springing from the throat of the calyx. Corona
fleshy, limb 5-lobed.
of one or more rows of fine threads springing from the throat of the calyx-tube
and of one or more membranous folds arising lower down. Gynophore surrounded at the base by a shallow membranous cup or basilar corona filaments
anthers oblong, 2-celled, dorsifixed pollen grains reticulate on the sur5, flat
Ovary 1-celled styles 3, stigmas reniformi-capitate.
Fruit baccate.
face.
Distrib. A. large genus most abundant in tropical and subSeeds arillate.
few are Malayan and two Chinese.
tropical America.
culate

In addition to the following species, several others are cultivated in Indian gardens, and some have become more or less naturalized, as indeed in all hotter counform of
Among these may be mentioned varieties of P.foetida and suberosa
tries.
the latter species was described by Wight as indigenous to Ceylon under the name of
P. Walkeria, 39 111. ii. (t. 108), but there is no reason to suppose it indigenous.
.

1. P. Leschenaultii, DC. Frodr. iii. 326 ; leaves semiorbicular truncate palminerved shortly 3-lobed glandless pubescent especially beneath. Wall.
Cat. 1231 ; W. 8f A. Frodr 352 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 353 ; Wight Ic. t. 39.
.

Khasia,

Ptti,$*ey

A climbing

and Nilghiri Mts.

Branches slender, angular. Leaves broader than long, more or

especially on the under surface and along the 3 nerves, rarely
entirely glabrous, base rounded or cordate, apex truncately 3-lobed, lateral lobes
spreading lanceolate, central lobe very small : petiole 1 in., with 2 sessile glands
below the middle. Peduncles in pairs in the axils of the leaves, simple, longer than
the petiole bracteoles 3, remote, linear. Flowers 2 in. diam. tube short, saucerPetals white, equalling the sepals in length but
shaped. Sepals oblong, obtuse.
narrower. Outer corona near the base of the tube, of two rows of linear filaments, the
outer rather shorter than the petals, the inner much shorter ; inner corona short,
tubular, membranous, plicated, margin incurved and crisped; basilar corona small,
shrub.

less pubescent,

Ovary elongatecup-shaped, surrounding the base of the gynophore. Anthers linear.

oblong. Fruit 1| by 1 in., ovoid, glabrous, yellowish rind leathery.
;


600

lxiv. passiflore^}.

(M. T. Masters.)

[Passiflora.

leaves
2. P. nepalensis, Wall. Tent Fl. Nep. 20, t. 11 ; Cat. 1230
ovate or ovate-lanceolate entire glaucous beneath.
Griffith Itin. notes, 24
Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 605, fig. 4.
P. geminiflora, Don Prodr. 63.
;

Nipal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 4-6000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-6000 ft., H.f. $ T.
A glabrous climber with slender angular branches and distant leaves. Stipules
3 in., linear-subulate. Leaves 2^-4 by 2-3 in., thin, membranous, deep green above,
glaucescent beneath, marked near the base with 2-3 flat circular glands, rounded or
cordate at the base, apiculate, 1- or sub-3-nerved, nerves prominent, smaller nerves
arched, remote, inconspicuous petiole in., usually with two glands above the middle.
Peduncles simple, in pairs in the axils of the leaves, about half the length of the
petiole, slender, 1 -flowered, jointed above the middle, rarely cym'ose; cymes lax, fewFlowers less than \ in. diam., cup-shaped tube short, cylindrical. Calyxflowered.
Petals equal to the calyx-lobes.
Corona of many rows of
lohes longer than the tube.
Gynophore shorter than the flower. Ovary ovoid or subglobose, glashort threads.
;

brous.

Fruit subglobose, the size of a large pea, purplish.

EXCLUDED

8PECD3S.

ii. 95, described as from " Burma

probably Upper Tenasserim or Martaban, Brandis" is, according to an authentic
specimen sent by Dr. Kurz from the Calcutta Herbarium, the Aristolochia trilobata,
it is
L., of the West Indies and South America, no doubt introduced into India
not in flower or fruit, but the nervation of the leaf, no less than its form and indumentum, leaves no doubt as to this identification.
P. Hbyneana, Wall. Cat. 1233 bis {alias 2248) is an Olacinea, probably referable
to Erythropalum populifolium, Mast.

Kurz

P. caloneura.

in

Joum.

As. Soc, 1877,

2.

PAROPSIA,

Noronh.

Shrubs.
Leaves simple.
Flowers in dense axillary cymes.
Calyx-tube.
short ; limb 5-parted.
Petals 5, springing from the base of the calyx-tube.
Corona of fine threads springing from the tube of the calyx and more or less divided
into five antipetalous phalanges.
Gynophore short; filaments flat; anthers
oblong.
Ovary subglobose. Style short dividing into three branches stigmas
reniformi-capitate.
Fruit capsular. Distrib. 4 or 5 species, natives of tropical Africa and Malaya.
;

1. P. malayana, Planch.;
Mast, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 639;
leaves oblong finely serrated with a long abrupt acumen, calyx-tube campanulate, ovary globose.

Malacca, Maingay,

Griffith.

shrub. Leaves Zh by 1 in. petiole | in. Flowers ^ in. in diam.

Calyx campanulate, tube short covered with tawny down lobes oblong, obtuse, 4 or 5 times
longer than the tube. Petals oblong, 1-nerved, half the length of the sepals. Corona
of a single row of flat, villose threads, half the length of the petals and arising with
them from the margin of the tube.
Gynophore shorter than the petals. Stamens 5,
filaments filiform anthers oblong.
Ovary globose, villose. Stigmas large, capitatereniform.
;

2. P. vareciformis, Mast.
oblong-obovate acuminate entire, calyx-tube very short, ovary turbinate.
chodia vareciformis, Griff. Notul. iv. 571.

Malacca, Griffith.
Shrub, more or less rusty pubescent.

Leaves 6 by 2\

in.,

Tri-

coriaceous, glabrous


lxiv. passiflore^.

Paropsia.']

(M. T. Masters.)

601

above petiole under in. Peduncles I in.

Flowers nearly in.
Calyx-segments
leathery.
Petals narrow at the base, ciliated.
Ovary turbinate, villose. Fruit the
size of a hazel nut, subglobose ; rind dry, leathery.
Seeds ovoid, flattened, pitted.
;

Larger in

all its

parts than P. malayana.

3.

IVXODECCA,

Lam.

Twining herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or palmilobed, usually with

two or more flat, circular glands on the under surface and with similar glands
at the apex of the petiole.
Cymes axillary, few- or many-flowered, on long
peduncles one or more of which is sterile and tendril-like. Male flower Calyx
:

tubular or bell-shaped limb 5-lobed, lobes leathery, imbricate. Petals 5, free,

membranous, 1-nerved, springing from the calyx-tube. Corona a ring of threads
arising from near the base of the calyx-tube, or wanting.
Glands of the disc 5,
opposite the sepals, strap-shaped or capitate.
Andrcecium cup-shaped, membranous beneath filaments 5, linear -subulate anthers linear-oblong, 2-celled.
Ovary rudimentary or 0. Female flower Calyx and corolla as in the male.
Corona a membranous fold, springing from near the base of the calyx-tube or
none.
Glands of the disc 5, strap-shaped, capitate, opposite the sepals. Staminodes 5, forming a membranous cup surrounding the base of the ovary, above
dividing into barren filaments.
Ovary globose or elliptic, sessile or stalked
style cylindrical or none
stigmas 3, capitate or flat and dilated. Fruit capsular,
3-valved.
Seeds numerous, attached by long funicles to parietal placentas.
Distrib.
small genus, native of the tropics of the Old World.
;

Sect

I.

BXicroblepharis, W.

the calyx-tube, stigmas

fy

A.

Petals springing from the throat of

sessile.

1.
Tfl. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6764; leaves membranous uniform or
diverse all cordate ovate acute or some more or less palmately 3-lobed. Wight
Lc. 179
W.8f A. Prodr. i. 353 ; Thwaites Enum. 128. M. diversifolia, Wall.
;

Cat. 6763.
Hills of the Western Peninsula, and Ceylon.
Root tuberous. Branches striated, roughish. Leaves 2-3 by 2 in., glabrous, from
ovate entire rounded or slightly coidate at the base to hastate or palmately lobed the
central lobe longest, obtuse; nerves remote; petiole about 1 iu., with a sessile gland
Calyx,
on each side at the top. Peduncles axillary, filiform. Flowers not seen.
according to Wight's figure, small tube short, lobes ovate. Petals broad, shorter
than the sepals, attached to the throai of the calyx. Ovary subglobose, surmounted
by three cuneate, fringed, reflexed stigmas. Fruit glabrous, the size of a small plum,
subglobose or ovoid, 3-valved.
Seeds flattened, heart-shaped, rugulose, with parallel
Wight and Arnott refer Wallich's M. diversifolia to
ridges around the margins.
Vitis lanceolaria, but the type specimen in Wallich's herbarium clearly belongs to the
;

present species.
2. BX. sing aporeana, Mast.
leaves leathery shortly petioled oblong
acuminate, flowers elongate, anthers apiculate. Passiflora singaporeana, Wall.
Cat 1232.
;

Malacca.

Singapore, Wallich. Distrib. Borneo.

Leaves 3-4 by 2 in., coriaceous, oblong-obovate, obtuse, tapering to
Glabrous.
the base, Midrib prominent, secondary nerves remote petiole 4 in., with a large
Male flowers
sessile gland on either side at the top.
Tendrils as long as the petiole.
Calyx leathery, shortly 5-lobed, lobes ovate, connivent
\ in., elongate-fusiform.
Petals thick, leathery, oblong acute, springing from the calyx-tube jx.st
(? always).
;

602

(M. T. Masters.)

lxiv. passiflore^.

[Modecca.

beneath the throat.

Glands of the disc 5, small, oblong, at the
Corona none (?).
base of the calyx -tube, opposite to its lobes.
Stamens 5 anthers subsessile, erect,
linear; connective long, thread-like.
Rudimentary ovary fusiform. Fruit 2 in.,
long, glabrous, fusiform.
Maingay's specimens, like Wallich's. are very imperfect,
but the two are sufficiently alike to leave no doubt of their specific identity.
;

M.

3.
cardiophylla, Mast. ; leaves membranous long petioled cordateovate acute shortly acuminate, anthers muticous.

Sikkim, Khasia Mts., and Assam.

Glabrous. Branches terete. Leaves remote, 6-8 by 4-5 in., entire, rarely palmately lobed, basal lobes rounded divaricate petiole 2-3 in., with a sessile gland
on either side at the apex. Cymes many-flowered, on a cylindrical peduncle as long
Male flowers in., bell-shaped. Calyx leathery,
as the petiole, one branch cirrose.
spotted, 5-lobed to the middle lobes oblong, obtuse.
Petals membranous, white,
springing
obtuse,
from
about
the
middle of the tube. Androzcium membranous
ovate,
and tubular below, above divided into five filaments anthers linear-ovate, acute.
Glands <>f the disc 5, small, opposite to the sepals. Female flower Calyx \ in.,
funnel-shaped, slightly dilated above the base, leathery, spotted; lobes oblong,
Petals membranous, springing from the middle of the calyx-tube, oblong,
3-nerved.
1 -nerved, entire or minutely serrulate.
Glands of the disc opposite the sepals, small,
oblong, curved. Barren stamens forming a shallow membranous tube, divided above
Ovary raised on a short gynophore, ovoid, surmounted by a
into filiform segments.
large peltate stigma with 3 reflexed wedge-shaped laciniate lobes.
In foliage very
like the entire-leaved form of M. palmata, but the anthers and stigmas are quite
;

different.

4.

Ztl.

cordifolia, Blume

Bijdr. 939

Bumpkin,

i. t.

49

leaves

mem-

branous cordate roundish acute not acuminate bullate, fruit elongate tapering to
both ends. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 702 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, ii. 132
and 1877 ii. 95. ? M. heterophylla, Kurz Andam. Bep. Append. A. 39.
;

Andaman

Islands, Kurz. Distbib. Java.

Leaves 2-3 by 2 in., shortly petiolate, slightly glaucous beneath.
Calyx elongate,
Petals small.
constricted at the neck.
Anthers oblong muticous. Fruit 3 by 1 in.
I have seen no authentic specimen of this either from the Andamans or from Java.
The specimen labelled by Kurz heterophylla in the herbarium has much larger and
markedly acuminate leaves. It is probably an entire-leaved form of M. palmata or

M.

trilobata.

Sect. II. Blepharanthes, W.

the calyx-tube. Style trifid or styles 3

fy
;

A. Petals springing from the base of

stigmas capitate.

5. HI. trilobata, Boxb. Cor. PI. t. 297 ; FL Ind. iii. 133 ; leaves membranous cordate 3-lobed with a gland under each sinus, anthers muticous, fruit
oblong.
Wall. Cat. 1234 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, ii. 95.

Sikkim, Assam, Khasia Mts., Cachab, Chittagono.

Glabrous. Branches terete, glabrous, sulcate. Leaves remote, broader than long,
6-8 by 8-9 in., 3-5-lobed, cordate or hastate at the base; lobes oblong-obovate, acuminate, central one narrowed to the base. Glands 2, orbicular, flat, on the under surface of the leaf near the base; petiole 4 in., cylindrical, with a pair of glands at the
extreme apex. Peduncles axillary, 5-6 in., divided near the apex into a leafless,
many -flowered cyme, one branch of which is cirrose. Male flower Calyx less than
A in., campanulate, 6-lobed, lobes oblong, obtuse. Petals oblong-obovate, springing
from the base of the calyx-tube. Stamens 5, united at the base, filaments slender
anthers linear, obtuse.
Glands of the disc 5, ligulate, incurved, opposite the sepals.
Budimentary ovary minute. Female flower Calyx and petals as in the male, but
Glands of disc 5, ribbon-like, recurved. Staminodes 5, united at the base
larger.
:


Modecca.]
membranous

into a

(M. T. Masters.)

lxiv. passifloreje.

Gynophore

cup.

stigma large capitate 3-lobed.

603

Ovary elongate, ovoid;

short.

Fruit scarlet, oblong, 2 by l

style short,

in.

6. XIX. palm at a, Lam. Encycl. iv. 209

leaves membranous glabrous
glandular palmately lobed or entire, anthers obtuse muticous, fruit globose.
Wall. Cat. 6762
and B Wight Ic. t. 201 W. $ A. Prodr. 353 Thwaites
Enum. 128 : Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 104 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 703. M. tuberosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 134.
M. integrifolia, Lam. I. c. {not of Wall. Cat.
6765). Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 20-23.
;

Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

Glabrous. Branches sulcate. Leaves remote, broader than long, 4-5 by 6-7 in.,
roundish, cordate, usually 3-5-lobed nearly to the base with a single circular flat
gland beneath the sinus, sometimes entire, cordate, ovate, acuminate lobes oblonglanceolate, acuminate, tapering to the base petiole 2 in., with a gland on either side
at the apex.
Male flower Calyx about in., campanulate, 5-lobed, dilated at the
base, lobes ovate-acute.
Petals linear-oblong, 3-nerved, ciliate, springing from the
base of the calyx-tube.
Corona a ring of threads from the tube of the calyx, just
above the dilated portion. Filaments subulate, united at the base anthers linearoblong.
Female flower Calyx in., campanulate ; lobes ovate acute. Petals linear,
acute, ciliated, springing from the base of the tube.
Corona a membranous fold
fringed with white hairs, arising from near the base of the flower tube.
Glands of
disc oblong, opposite the sepals.
Staminodes 5, forming a membranous cup surrounding the base of the ovary and above divided into flat strap-shaped filaments nearly as
long as the glabrous subglobose ovary. Style nearly as long as the ovary, dividing
into 3 branches stigmas large capitate.
Fruit the size of a small apple, subglobose.
Seeds large, pitted, ribbed at the edges. Root said to be poisonous, used as medicine
by the Cingalese (Thwaites 1. c). M. integrifolia, Wall. Cat. 6765, is a garden specimen of uncertain identity not referable to the present species.
;

IMPERFECTLY

M. aliena,

KNOWN

SPECIES.

Wall. Cat. 6766, from Silhet, is an Asclepiad, the flowers of which are
too imperfect for determination.
There is no specimen in Wallich's herbarium.

M. apiculata, Mast.

leaves membranous cordate roundish deeply 5-sect, segments lanceolate narrow at the base with a gland beneath the sinus on the under
surface, anthers apiculate, fruit ovoid.
Burma, Pegu, McClelland.
Glabrous. Branches sulcate. Petiole 2 in.
Tendrils very long. Anthers linear
with a long slender apiculus. Fruit l\ in., ovoid, acute. Seeds subglobose slightly
flattened.
Imperfect specimens only exist in the Kew herbaria, Sir Joseph Hooker
who analysed the flower states in a note that it differs from M. trilobata by the apiculate anther.
Possibly it may be the M. furfwracea of Wallich (see below).
;

M. furfuracea,

Wall.

Cat. 1235.

Prome, Wallich.

There

is

no specimen of

this in Wallich's herbarium.

M. nicobarica, Kurz in Trimen Journ.

Bot. 1875, 327; Journ. As. Soc. 1876,

leaves subcoriaceous oblong-acuminate rounded at the base and subpeltate.
Penang, Wallich. Malacca, Griffith.
Passiflora penangiana, Wall. Cat. 1233.
Glabrous. Stems very slender, sulcate. Leaves 4 by 1-2 in., oblong or oblonglanceolate, 1-nerved, secondary nerves remote, arched petiole eglandular, f in. atTendrils about 2 in. branched, thickened
tached to the blade just within the base.
Seeds discoid.
Fruit 1^-2 in. long, glabrous, oblong, acute, 3-valved.
at the ends.
The specimens of Wallich and of Maingay are imperfect, but evidently belong to the
ii.

132

same

species.

populifolia, Blume Rumphia, i. t. 50.

To this I refer with doubt Maingay
668 with cordate ovate-acute leaves, petioles with two large apical glands, fruits
about 3 in. long tapering to both ends.

M.

n.


604

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucurbitacej:.

Order LXV.

CUCURBITACE2E.

(By C. B. Clarke, F.L.S.)

Climbing herbs or shrubs tendrils solitary, lateral, spiral, simple or divided.

Leaves alternate, petioled, frequently cordate, simple lobed or pedately divided.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious, yellow or white, racemed and solitary, less commonly panicled.
Calyx-tube wholly adnate to the ovary (except in Actinostemma) linfb rotate campanulate or tubular lobes 5 (rarely 3), imbricate.
Petals 5, inserted on the calyx-limb, united in a tube or nearly or quite free,
sometimes fimbriated at the margin, valvate or involute in the bud. Stamens
inserted at the mouth or about the middle or at the base of the calyx-tube,
anthers free or united into a tube, one usually
usually 3 (sometimes 5 or 2)
1 -celled and the other two 2-celled, cells straight or flexuose or conduplicate,
the connective sometimes crested or produced. Ovary inferior (in Actinostemma
;

style 1 with 3 stigmas, more rarely styles

;
placentas usually 3, vertical, in double lines, the edges of the carpellary
leaves being often turned in so far that the ovary (in flower time even) is spuriously 3-celled ; ovules usually many, horizontal, rarely pendulous, sometimes
few and pendulous from near the top of the ovary (in Diccelospermum 3 erect
from the base of the ovary ?). Fruit generally berried or fleshy, indehiscent
or dehiscing by valves or by a stopple, often 1-celled, the seeds being often
packed in pulp or fibre. Seeds usually many, often compressed, horizontal,
pendulous (or in Diccelospermum erect), frequently corrugated or subspinose on
the margins, albumen 0. Distrib. Species 400, in the warmer parts of the
whole globe especially in the tropics.

half-superior), usually 3-carpellary

2-3-4

Female
Tribe I. Cucumerinese. Ovules horizontal (or pendulous).
flowers usually solitary, never panicled. Leaves not divided into distinct leaflets (except rarely in Thladianthd)
A. Anther-cells conduplicate or sigmoid.
*

Corolla divided nearly or quite to the base into 5 petals.

t Petals fimbriate at their margin.

Seeds 6. Calyx-tube 3-4 in
Seeds many. Calyx-tube less than 3 in

tt Petals
a.

1.

2.

entire.

calyx-tube of the malefiower elongate

the tube or nearly so.

anthers usually included in

Seeds many, horizontal. Tendrils rarely divided

.
Seeds many, horizontal.
Tendrils 2-3-fid. Petiole
without glands
Seeds 12-18, pendulous
Fruit very large.
Tendrils divided.
Petiole with
2 glands at apex
b.

Hodgsonia.
Trichosanthes.

Calyx-tube of the malefiower short

the tube or nearly so.
a.

3.

Gymnopetalum.

4.

Warea.

5.

Herpetospermum.

6.

Lagenaria.

anthers usually exserted from

Stamens inserted near the mouth of the calyx-tuhe

hardly or not at

all cohering.

mnthers

lxv. cucurbitacej:.

Male flowers

(C. B. Clarke.)

Fruit opening by

(partly) in racemes.

a stopple

Flowers

7.

all solitary.

|8.

Fruit very fleshy, indehiscent

Luffa.
Benincasa.

Stamens inserted below the mouth of the calyx-tube; anthers

more or less cohering.
.

##

8.

Male flowers (partly) racemed. Tendrils simple

Male flowers clustered or solitary. Tendrils simple
Flowers

605

all solitary.

Tendrils 2-3-fid

Corolla campanulate, divided half way

down

9.

Momordica.

10.

Cucumis.

11.

Citrulltjs.

or thereabout.

Tendrils simple. Flowers white

Tendrils divided. Flowers yellow

12.

Cephalandra.

13.

Cucurbita.

B. Anther-cells straight (or in Bryonia somewhat curved).

*

Flowers not large yellow, male racemes or pedicels not

,

t Male and female

stout.

pedicels \-Jlowered, clustered.

Tendrils 2-fid
Tendrils simple

14.

Bryonia.

15.

Mukia.

tt Male flowers corymbose or subumbellate or racemed.

Fruit shortly peduncled.
Connective not produced
16.
Fruit on a capillary peduncle. Connective produced 17.
*
Fruit sessile, beaked
.18.
.
Fruit circumsciss near the base
19.
Fruit subsessile, indehiscent, without a beak
.20.
Ciliate bracts resembling stipules at base of the
.

petioles

**

Flowers large deep yellow, male raceme

II.

Seeds

3,

Orthospermeae.
each with two empty

Rhynchocarpa.
Corallocarpus.
Cerasiocarptjm.

21. Ctenolepis.

,,

stout.

Calyx-tube short. Seeds very many

Calyx-tube elongate. Seeds 3-9

Tribe

Zehneria.
Melothria.

23.
24.

Thladiantha.
Edgaria.

Ovules and seeds erect.

cells

......

22.

Dioelospermum.

Ovules pendulous. Flowers small, the femalei

III. Zanonieae.
Stamens 5, free, each with a single
panicles or many-flowered racemes.
small straight anther.

Tribe

in

A. Leaves not divided

into separate leaflets.

Fruit small circumsciss. Leaves serrate

Fruit long clavate. Leaves subentire

B. Leaves pedately divided into 3-5

Fruit trigonous obovoid.

.26. Actinostemma.
28. Zanonia.

leaflets.

leaflets serrate.

Tendrils

bifid

Fruit pea-like. Leaflets serrate. Tendrils simple

Fruit elongate clavate. Leaflets entire

25.

Gomphogykb.

.27. Gynostemma.
29. Alsomitra.


606

HODGSONIA,//./. $

1.

[Hodgsonia.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucurbitace^.

T.

A large climber.

Leaves coriaceous, 3-5-lobed, long-petioled tendrils 2-3Flowers large, dioecious males in long racemes bracts oblong, entire,
deciduous females solitary. Male calyx long-tubular, mouth shortly campanulate, teeth 5, short petals 5, connate at the base, very long-fimbriate
stamens 3, filaments very short anthers exserted, connate, linear, one 1-celled,
two 2-celled, cells conduplicate. Female calyx and corolla as in the male
ovary globose, 1-celled style long, stigmas 3 oblong bifid exserted placentas
Fruit large,
3, parietal, near the base of the ovary, 2-ovulate on each side.
depressed globular, 12-grooved, flesh hard; perfect seeds usually six, each
having a smaller commonly barren one attached to its side, flat-ellipsoid, with
sunk veins.
;

fid.

K. heteroclita, H.

f. # T. in Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 257 ; Hk. f. III.

Fl. d. Serves, t. 1262 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt.
Trichosanthes heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 705; Wall. Cat. 6684,
97.
B, 0. T. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 6685 not of Blume.
1.

Himal. PI.
ii.

A,

2,

t. 1,

Khasia Mts. alt. 0-3000 ft. East Bengat,

Kurz. Pinang and Malacca.
Stem extending sometimes 100 ft. Leaves 6-8 in. long and broad, glabrous, deeply
lobed lobes entire or very sparingly denticulate, acute. Male racemes 8 in. bracts
Calyx often rusty-pubescent without, tube 3-4 by in.
Corolla-lobes 2 in.,
| in.
Sikkim

alt.

0-4000

and Chittagong

ft.

Assam.

Pegu and Martaban

brown- villous, 3-nerved without, white, tinged yellow within, ending in a fringe 4 in.
Fruit 4-10 in. wide, red-brown, closely tomentose. Seeds 2-3 by 1-1| in.

2.

TRICHOSANTHES, Linn.

Scandent herbs. Leaves entire or 3-9-lobed, denticulate tendrils usually

Flowers dioecious less often monoecious, white male peduncles usually
in axillary pairs, one 1-flowered caducous, the other racemose bracts large or
;

2-5-fid.

female flower solitary.

Male

calyx long-tubular teeth 5, lanceolate, entire serrate or laciniate.

Corolla 5-fid nearly to the base, lobes longfimbriate
stamens 3 anthers almost included, connate (free in T. dioica),
long-linear, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate.
Female calyx and
corolla as in the male.
Ovary inferior, at the base of the calyx-tube, 1-celled
style filiform, 3 or 6-fid at apex
placentas 3, parietal
ovules very many,
horizontal, half-pendulous.
Fruit lanceolate or globose, smooth, acute or obSeeds many, horizontal, packed in pulp, compressed, ellipsoid,
tuse at the apex.
sometimes angular on the margin. Disteib. Species 20, in South-East Asia,
extending through Malaya to North Australia in one direction, through China
to Japan in another.
small or

Bracts of the male raceme large, sheathing the flowers from a broad

1.

in 5 or

base.

T. palmata,

Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 704; leaves palmate half-way down

3-7 broad lobes (but vary from angular nearly entire to deeply palmate

with linear-oblong lobes), bracts ovate or obovate lacerate or strongly

serrate,

on the
Wall.
F
and
$
Wight III. t. 104, 105 Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 103.
T. laciniosa, Wall. Cat.
6689 A, B. T. aspera, Heyne in Herb. Rottler. T. tricuspis, Miq. Fl. Ind.

fruit globose the

margins.

size of a small orange, seeds f in. scarcelv angular

Cat. 6688 excl. C,
W.
A. Prodr. 350 as to a
;
;

;;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucurbitacejs.

Trichosanthes.]

607

and B. T. anguina,
T. cordate, Wall. Cat. 6686 excl.
T. bracteata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 99.
Oucurbita "Melopepo, Wall. Cat. 6725. Involucraria Wallichii, Seringe in DC.
Prodr. iii. 318. Bryonia palmate, Wall. Cat. 6711 F.

Bat.

Wall

i.

pt.

Cat.

From

i.

679.

6687

partly.

Himalayas

Ceylon and Singapore; very common

in all moist
Distrib. Malaya, China, Japan, North Australia.
Climbing often 30 ft. Dioecious so far as all the examples go, but Roxburgh has
placed it in Monoecia -without remark. Leaves 2-6 in. diam., not at all hairy beneath,
usually glabrous or less commonly scabrous on the nerves, often with several large
glands near the apex of the petiole, cordate at the base segments dentate, serrate,
divaricate, sometimes subpinnatifid (var. incisa Heyne), usually acute (but obtuse in
Tendrils commonly 3-fid.
Male peduncles
var. sinuata, Heyne)
petiole 1-3 in.
usually paired, the racemed one 6 in., naked below bracts ovate or obovate, glabrous
Calyx-tube \\ in., closely tomentose or
or viscid with scattered glands or pubescent.
teeth long-lanceolate,
glabrous sometimes much larger in the Sikkim examples
sometimes dentate serrate or subpinnatifid. Fruit \\-2 in. diam., not acute, bright
red with 10 orange streaks. Seeds very many, immersed in green pulp. The extreme forms of the leaves are var. laciniosa, Wight, which has the leaves palmate
nearly to the base, the segments scarcely \ in. wide and sometimes subpinnatifid
and var. Thomsoni from Moradabad with the leaves entire and slightly 5-angular in
both the leaves are coriaceous and with their petioles more or less covered with
The Himalayan specimens recede further
scattered round white minute flat scales
by their large subsucculent flaccid leaves and very large flowers.
Var. Scotanthus, C. B. Clarke calyx-teeth broad-lanceolate entire, petals nearly
destitute of fimbriations especially in the female.
Var. tomentosa, Heyne in Herb. Bottler leaves tomentose beneath divided not
more than half-way down. Deccan Peninsula Mts. Wight No. 1134, 1136 partly;
Gr. Thomson.
Ceylon, alt. 2600 ft.
Gardner. This looks like a good species but
This closely resembles the Australian T.
the fruit and seeds are as in var. 1.
The distribution of
subvelutina Muell. in Herb, referred to T. palmata by Bentham.
T. palmata is extended to Japan on the faith of two examples collected by Max
mowicz. They belong to the commonest Bengal type of T. palmata, but bear tot
name T. japonica, Kegel, which in Regel hid. Sem. 1868, p. 90, is said to have
solitary male flowers, and has been referred by authors to the neighbourhood of T.
Trickosanthes collected in Mergui by Griffith No. 759 (No. 2532 Kew
cucumerina.
otherwise resembles the var.
Distrib.) has the leaves with short hairs beneath
tomentosa.

the

thickets, ascending to

5000

to

ft.

leaves deeply (only

2. T. multiloba, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 82
half-way down) palmate in 5 or 3-9 lobes narrowed near their base, bracts
ovate or obovate deeply serrate, fruit 2-4 in. ovoid or oblong acute, seeds |-f
in. more or less angular on the margins.
T. grandibracteata, Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 99 ex descr.
;

Sikkim, East Himalaya and Khasia Mts. alt. 2000-6000 ft. plentiful. Malacca? Maingay 671. Distrib. China?. Bhamo. Japan.
Rambling extensively. Dioecious. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., usually glabrous beneath
or less commonly scabrous with scattered bristles, subcordate at the base segments
;

serrate (sometimes lobed), ascending, less divaricate than in T. palmata, acute

petiole 1-3 in., often with several large glands near the apex ; tendrils commonly
Male peduncles usually paired, the racemed one 6 in., naked below. Calyx3-fid.
tube 1-2^ in.; teeth lanceolate-subulate, entire. Fruit bright red with orange streaks.
This is perhaps a variety of T. palmata, the HimaSeeds very many in green pulp.
layan large form of which it so closely resembles, that in the absence of the fruit it
cannot always be distinguished from it. The locality " China " is added on the faith

of Hance's No. 13,745 marked T. palmata Roxb. which

hibit fruit nor does Maingay' s Malacca example.

it

may

be, as

it

does not ex-

608

lxv. cucurbitacejE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Trichosanthes.

Var, ? majuscula {Trichosanthes sp. 7 Herb. Ind. Or. Hk. f. $ T.); male raceme
more than 1 ft., bracts long little serrate, leaves very large. Khasia Mts. alt.
4000 ft. Hk. f. 8f T. Perhaps a new species, but the examples consist of male
racemes and leaves only. No. 12,298 C. B. Clarke (Darjeeling alt. 3000 ft.) seems
stout

the same.
3. T. cordata, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii. 703 ; leaves cordate-ovate acute entire
or obscurely angular-lobed hairy beneath, bracts elongate obovate entire or
scarcely serrate, fruit globose size of a small orange, seeds \ in. scarcely angular
on the margins. Wall. Cat. 6686 A. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
T. palmata, Wall. Cat. 6688 F partly; & C.
99.
T. tuberosa, Roxb. Ic. ined.

From the base of the Eastern Himalaya in Sikkim and Assam to Pegu. Frequent in the Khasia Terai and Cachar.
An extensive climber. Dioecious. Leaves often 6-8 in., dentate-serrate tendrils
usually 3-fid. Male peduncles usually paired, the racemed one often 8 in., stout
Calyx-tube 1 in., densely hairy without, segments finely acumibracts pubescent.
Fruit almost exactly as in T. palmata, bright red, orange-streaked, apex not
nate.
;

acute.

Cachar C. B. Clarke.
as in the type.
Judging by the descripSoc. 1872, pt. ii. 308, differs less from T.
tion, T.
cordata, Roxb. than does this var. subpedata.

Var. subpedata leaves pedately lobed almost to the base.

The bracts and

indumentum are exactly

macrosiphon, Kurz in Journ. As.

** Bracts of the male raceme large, subpersistent, narrowed to the base, not

leaves ovate from a truncate hastate or

4. T. truncata, C. B. Clarke
obtuse (not cordate) base sometimes subpeltate entire or irregularly tricuspid
glabrous denticulate or not, bracts ovate slightly serrate nearly glabrous, female
plant unknown.
;

Sikkim, alt. 1000 ft. J. D. H. Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft. (Cherra Coal-pit)
H. f.$T.; C. B. Clarke.
Stem twining tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves glabrous coriaceous or membranous, polymorphous, sometimes exactly ovate with a rounded subentire margin sometimes
Calyx-tube f-1^ in., somewhat tomentose
deeply 3-cuspidate. Male peduncle 6 in.
without corolla (ex Hook, f.) greenish- white.
;

leaves palmately 3-lobed deeply cor5. T. himalensis, C. B. Clarke

date villous or pubescent beneath, bracts lanceolate incise-serrate, fruit 3-4 in.
long-cylindric tapering at both ends. T. cordata, Wall. Cat. 6686 B. Oucurbita
ficifolia, Wall. Cat. 6721.
;

Sikkim, alt. 2000-5000 ft. from Yoksun to the plains J. D. H, C. B. Clarke.

Stems extensively climbing, with the petioles and leaves pubescent and hairy.
Leaves 5 in., usually deeply palmate, irregularly serrate tendrils 3-fid.
Dioecious.
Male peduncles 3-4 in., bracts ^-f in. Calyx-tube 1^-2 in., very narrow, little hairy
without. Fruit 3-4 by l-l in., nearly circular in section. Seeds |-^ in. diam.,
polymorphous, sometimes obovoid the broader part subtrimerous, sometimes drumCertain seeds were sent by Dr. Anderson to Naudin, who grew them and
shaped.
has placed the resulting leaves in the Kew Herbarium accompanied by a drawing of
the seed, and has attached the name Platygonia himalensis thereto. These leaves
may belong to the present species.
Var. glabrior leaves glabrous above pubescent or scabrous on the nerves beneath.
The examKhasia alt. 4000 ft. Trichosanthes sp. 9 Herb. Ind. Or., H. f. $
ples are of leaves and male racemes only.
;

*** Bracts
of the male raceme

or minute.


lxv. cucurbitacejE.

Trichosanthes.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

609

B. Clarke ; leaves cordate-ovate acute denti6. T. dicaelosperma,

culate softly shortly pubescent on both surfaces, fruit 1 in. diam. globose, seeds
^ in. compressed subquadrate equally 3-celld the lateral cells empty. ?T.
reniformis, Kurz in Flora 1871, 294.
alt. 2000-5000 ft.
Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft. H.f. $ T.
J. B. H.
Stems long, twining, innovations at least pubescent. Dioecious. Leaves 4 by 3^ in.,
not at all lobed petiole lin.; tendrils 2-fid. Male peduncles paired, one early
1 -flowered, the other 2-3 in., racemed, ebracteate.
Calyx-tube \\ in., narrow, pubescent.
Fruit pubescent, with 10 paler vertical bands.
Setds in orange pulp.
This
is perhaps Kurz's reniformis obtained in Sikkim, but it can hardly be T. reniformis,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 675, which has obtuse lobes to the leaves and the male

Sikkim,

spikes leafy -bracteate.

7. T. dioica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 701 ; leaves cordate oblong acute, petiole
scabrous woolly, male flowers not racemed woolly without, anthers free.
Wall.

Cat. 6692

A, B, D.

Throughout the plain of North India from the Punjab to Assam and East Bengal; common.
Stems twining extensively, more or less woolly and scabrous. Dioecious. Leaves
3 by 2 in., harsh, sinuate-dentate, not lobed petiole f in. ; tendrils 2-fid. Male
peduncles paired, the second-flowering often 2 in. but not racemed in any example at
Kew. Calyx-tube If in., narrow. Fruit 2-3^ in., oblong or nearly spherical, acute,
orange-red.
Seeds - in., half-ellipsoid, compressed, corrugate on the margin.
United with the next species by Benth. in Fl. Austral, iii. 315. Roxburgh says
"Stamens three distinct " which has been repeatedly verified in the living plant.
;

8. T. nervifolia, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iii. 314; leaves cordate oblong

acute, petiole glabrous, male flowers partly racemed glabrous.
W. Sf A. Prodr.
349. T. cuspidata, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 314.Rheede Hort. Mai. t. 16, 17.

Kurg
Dbccan Peninsula Quilon, Wight.
Ceylon not uncommon up to 5000 ft. Thwaites.

(tropical

region)

G.

Thomson.

Leaves 3 by 1^2 in., membranous, sinuatetendrils 2-fid.

Male 'peduncles usually paired, the
second-flowering carrying a raceme (finally elongate and zigzag) of about 12 flowers.
Calyx-tube 1^ in. Fruit (and seeds from Rheede's drawing) 2-3 in., circular in section, about twice as long as broad, acute.
Seeds - in., half-ellipsoid, compressed,

Stems twining, glabrous.

dentate, not lobed petiole f
;

Dioecious.

in.

corrugated on the margin.

9. T. cucumerina, Linn.
DC. Prodr. iii. 315 leaves cordate subreniform 6- (3-7-) lobed or 5-angular lobes not acuminate pubescent or puberulous
on both surfaces, fruit 1-3 in. ovoid-conical, seeds corrugate.
Roxb. Fl. Ind.
iii. 702
Blume Bijd. 933 Dalz. $ Gibs.
Wall. Cat. 6690 A, B, O, D, F
Bomb. Fl. 102 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 676 Naud. in Ann. Sc. Ndt. ser. 4,
;

xviii.

191

Rottler.

Cucumis

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 98. T.'laciniosa, Klein in Herb.
T. pilosa, Wall. Cat. 6691. Bryonia umbellata, Wall. Cat. 6700 D.
Missionis, Wall. Cat. 6728.
;

Throughout India and Ceylon. Distkib. Malaya, North Australia.

Stems twining, more or less pubescent. Dioecious or less often (? when cultivated)
monoecious.
Leaves 2-4 in. diam., usually 5-lobed about half-way down, lobes obtuse
or if acute not acuminate petiole in.
Male peduncles in pairs, the
tendrils 2-fid.
1
earlier -flowered, the later racemed; occasionally in place of the earlier is found a
female.
Calyx-tube 1 in.
Seeds - in., half-ellipsoid, compressed, in red pulp.
In Bth. Sf Hk. f. Gen. PI. i. 833, under Ceratosanthes, T. cucumerina is a misprint
;

for T. comiculata.

VOL.

II.

RE

610

lxv. cucurbitacej;.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Trichosantlies.

10. T. anguina, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 314; leaves cordate subreniform
5- (3-7-) lobed or 5-angular lobes not acuminate pubescent or puberulous on both
surfaces, fruit elongate cylindric sometimes contorted, seeds corrugate.
Boxb.
Fl. Ind. iii., 701 ; Bot. Mag. t. 722 Blume Bijd. 933 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 350
Wall. Cat. 6687 ; Lamk. III. t. 794 ; Miq. Fl. ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 677 ? ; Naud. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xviii. 91 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 98.
;

India, cultivated. Distbib. China, Malaya.

Except in the fruit this agrees altogether with T. cucumerina, of which it is
probably a cultivated form. The fruit, used as a vegetable, is eminently polymorphous. Miquel places this species at the head of his Involucrarim which he states to
have great leafy sheathing bracts to the male flowers, but in the Indian T. anguina
these bracts are minute.

leaves cordate orbicular 5-lobed

11. T. lobata, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 701
half-way down or more lobes acuminate pubescent, fruit oblong acute, seeds
smooth.
Wall. Cat. 6693.
;

Deccan Peninsula

Wight Bottler, G. Thomson, See.

Stem and petioles with flaccid hairs. Leaves pubescent beneath, and with flaccid
Seeds half-elliphairs tendrils 3-5-fid. Fruit 2-4 by 1-2 in., acute at both ends.
Probably a variety of T. cucumerina, as suggested
soid, compressed, margins entire.
by W. $ A. Prodr. 350. T. lobata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 98, having
the seeds tubercled (from Chittagong) is perhaps nearer T. cucumerina or T. anguina
as here understood but the three species are difficult to separate.
;

12. T. int eg rifolia, Thivaites Enuni. 127, not of Kurz dioecious, leaves
glabrous nerved elliptic or ovate acuminate less often lanceolate 3-nerved entire
coriaceous base rounded or cordate, tendrils simple, flowers somewhat large
solitary, fruit spherical shortly apiculate, seeds numerous crowded.
;

Ceylon,

alt.

2000-4000

ft.

Thwaites.

Leaves 2^-6 by l-2 in. petiole in. Fruit 2 in. diam., red. Seeds % in. r
smooth, oblong, oblique, compressed, truncate at the hilum, with two indentations
at the vertex, testa blackish green.
Not seen. The above description is translated
from Mr. Thwaites, who has been careful in communicating examples to Kew of all
his types but his No. 1629 is not to be found in its place.
Mr. Thwaites describes
no bracts to the male inflorescence, and if the male flowers are all solitary the species
must be near T. dioica, Eoxb.
;

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

T. macbosiphon, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1172, pt. ii. 308, from Tenasserim, in
the absence of both the male inflorescence and the fruit cannot be identified from the
description.

It

might be

T. cordata,

Roxb.

Kew Distrib.); nearly glabrous, tendrils

very coriaceous, leaflets lanceolate nearly entire the central one
somewhat obovate the lateral ones unequally auricled on the outer base, petiole nearly
2 in., petiolules in., fruit oblong-ovate but nearly spherical red with yellowish
streaks, seeds very many in green pulp brown compressed, margin somewhat angular
Malacca, Griffith. This imperfect description is drawn up from
at the hilum end.
a fragment with leaves and from Griffith's note of the fruit attached thereto. The
characters appear nearly those of Telfairia, but the habit and texture are those of
Hodgsonia while from Griffith's description of the fruit it appears he did best by
placing it provisionally in Trichosanthes.
Tbichosanthes

sp. Griffith

(No. 2543

2-fid, leaves 3-foliolate

:;

Gymnopetalum]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucuRBiTACEiE.

3.

611

GYMNOPETALUM, Am.

Twining herbs, tendrils usually simple or 2-fid. Leaves petioled, 5-angular,

nearly entire or deeply Ipbed. Flowers white (or yellow ?), somewhat large ;
monoecious at least, sometimes : male peduncles in fully developed plants 2
from each axil, the earlier 1-flowered, the later longer racemose, either often
suppressed; bracts in the' racemes persistent, large lanceolate incisecUor small
females 1-flowered usually in separate axils. Male: calyx-tube long, contracted
near the mouth, limb of 5 lanceolate segments; petals 5, not fimbriate on
margin stamens 3 ; anthers included, connate, elongate, 1-celled, 2-celled,
cells conduplicate ; rudiments of the ovary 1. or 3, small, linear. Female calyx
and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong ; style long, stigmas 3 short linear
ovules horizontal, many ; placentas 3, long, vertical. Fruit ovate-oblong, acute
Seeds many or few, ellipsoid, compressed, margined, nearly
at both ends.
smooth. Distrib. Species 5 ; in India, China and Malaya.
;

leaves 5-angled or
1. Cr. cochinchinense, Kurz in Flora 1871, 295
lobed about half-way down, bracts to the male racemes prominent narrowed
Bryonia cochin-chinensis, Lour. Fl.
at the base deeply lacerate at the apex.
Cochinch. 595; DC. Prodr. iii. 305. Momordica tubiflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
Tripodanthera cochinchinensis, Roem. Synops. ii. 48.
711, not of Wallich.
Scotanthus tubiflorus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xvi. 172, t. 3. Trichosanthes cucumerina, Wall. Cat. 6690 E. T. ? Fatoa, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6695.
Bryonia grandis, Wall. Cat. 6700 K, L.
;

Sikkim, up to 2000 ft. alt. Assam, Cachar and Bengal, common. Chota Nagpore. Tenasserim Heifer. Distrib. Malaya, China.
Stems slender, 5-angular, more or less scabrous-hairy. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., scabrous on both surfaces tendrils simple or 2-fid. Male racemed peduncle sometimes
6-8 in., usually shorter bracts f in., incise-serrate, lobes often again incised. Calyxtube | in., villous, closed by deflexed hairs within above the stamens. - Rudiments of
the ovary in the male flower 3. Petals in., ovate, entire or somewhat crenate.
Fruit 2 by | in., orange-red, somewhat scabrous,- with 10 longitudinal ribs, pulp
Seeds \ by
in. thick.
and
greenish, not very succulent.

leaves subor2. G. quinquelobum, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 681

bicular deeply 5-lobed lobes often subpinnatifid, bracts of the male racemes
oblong serrate. Scotanthus Porteanus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, v. 25.
? G. heterophyllum, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1875, p. 326.
;

Rangoon; McClelland. Pinang; Porter. Malay Peninsula

pore G. Thomson. Distrib. Malaya to Borneo.

Griffith.

Singa-

Agrees very closely with the last species the segments of the leaves lire here
narrow, subsinuate, 3-fid or pinnatifid, but graduate towards the half-lobed form of
G. cochinchinensis. Kurz's G. heterophyllum agrees as described with the present
Kurz says
it is perhaps a specimen with poorly developed male racemes.
species
the flower is white, and quotes Bryonia heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 671 1, which obscures
the whole matter, for that plant is Bryonia palmata, Wall, (now Cephalandra) while
B. heterophylla, Wall. No. 6704- (and of which there is a solitary sheet) differs altogether from Mr. Kurz' description and is a Cerasiocarpum.
:

Am.

in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 278

3. G-. Wigflitii,
leaves 5-angled or
Thwaites Enum. 127.
-lobed, bracts of the male racemes small simple linear.
Bryonia tubiflora, W. 8? A. Prodr. 347. Cucurbita
I. c.
G. zeylanicum,
;

Am.

umbeUata, Wall. Cat. 6724.

rr

612

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucurbitacejj.

[Gymnopetalurn.

South Deccan Peninsula Wight Canara, Hohenacker No. 662. Ceylon, ascending to 5000 ft., Walker, Gardner, Thwaites.
Leaves 2 in. diam., more or less pubescent on both surfaces, denticulate, lobes acute
Male racemed peduncle 2 in. flowers crowded, subpetiole 1 in.
or obtuse or
umbellate; bracts \ in., linear, pedicels often \ in. peduncle of the female flowers
in. Calyx-tube in., slender, with scattered hairs or very pilpse, lobes small. Petals
\ in. (yellow according to Arnott and Hook, f.i whiter according to Thwaites). Rudiment
Fruit l-2 in., red, more or less hairy, not
of the ovary in the male flower simple.
in., without corrugations or angles.
Bryonia tubiflora, Wight
ribbed,
Sjpeds J by
No. 1118 has the calyx-tube pubescent and is nowise distinguishable from the Ceylon
plant as Mr. Thwaites surmised in Enum. p. 127.
;

leaves cordate-ovate
4. Cr. integrifolium, Kurz in Flora 1871, 295
Oucumis innearly entire, male peduncles 1-flowered solitary without bracts.
Wall. Cat. 6730. Trichosanthes officinalis,
tegrifolius, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 724
Wall. Cat. 6694. T. integrifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 99.
;

Roxburgh. Ponlong (Irrawaddy estuary) Wallich.

Stem scabrid; tendrils undivided in Wallich' s specimen (2-fid

Bengal

Roxburgh's

in

drawing. Leaves 3 in. diam., very harshly scabrous above, densely villous beneath,
margin undulate scarcely denticulate petiole 1 in. Flowers monoecious, all solitary,
white; male peduncle 1 in., female peduncle in. Male: calyx- tube elongate,
densely brown-villous, teeth 5, lanceolate corolla divided nearly to the base, lobes
obovate, entire, yellow-veined, pubescent. Female calyx and corolla as in the
male stigmas 3, oblong. Fruit from Roxburgh's figure -|-| in. diam., orange-red,
Wall. Cat. 6694 consists of three leaves with one male peduncle
globular, smooth.
and calyx, and a detached fruit the leaves resemble those of Trichosanthes dioica,
;

Roxb.

4.

WARE A,

C.

B. Clarke.

Leaves long-petioled, ovate or

Extensively scandent, tendrils 2-3-fid.
Flowers large, yellow, dioecious; males frequently two
deeply 5-lobed.
peduncles from one axil, one early deciduous 1-flowered, the other bearing a
raceme without bracts ; females solitary on long peduncles. Male calyx-tube
cylindric, narrow, then suddenly widened campanulate subhemispheric, teeth 5,
stamens 3 anthers connate,
linear petals 5, ovate, nearly separate, entire
included, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate. Female calyx and
ovary oblong style long, with 3 wide stigmatic lobes ;
corolla as in the male
ovules horizontal, many, placentas 3, vertical. Fruit oblong, attenuate at both
Seeds in each cell
ends, 3-angular, 6-ribbed, 3-valved nearly to the base.
about 16, in two rows, horizontal, compressed, ellipsoid, smooth.
:

Diffe* from Gymnopetalum by the large campanulate mouth to the calyx, by the
divided tendrils, and the anthers exserted from the tubular portion of the calyx.
Named after J. Ware Edgar, C.S.I.
1.

W.

nopetalum

tonglensis,
sp.

No.

6,

C.

B. Clarke in Journ. Linn.

Herb. Ind. Or., H.f.

Soc. xv. 129.

Gym-

T.

Sikkim, alt.6000- 10,000 ft., very common H.f. J. D. H. Tonglo N., C. B. Clarke.
Stem and peduncles nearly glabrous. Leaves 6-9 by 4-5 in., polymorphous, cordate, denticulate, nearly glabrous, ovate acute or 5-lobed or cut nearly to the base
Male peduncle 8 in., pedicels - f in. Calyx-tube
into narrow segments petiole 4 in.
\\ in., pubescent, cylindric portion more than f in. Petals f in. Fruit 4 by l in.
almost
fibrous
juiceless pulp.
This is one of the three species
Seeds in., packed in a
included in Herpetospermum by J. Hooker in Gen. PI. i. 834.
.

;;

HerpetosjpermumJ lxv. cucurbitaceje.

r>.

(C. B. Clarke.)

UBBPETOSPERMUM,

613

Wall.

2)-fid. Leaves long-petioled, cordate, ovate,

\oW dioecious males frequently two peduncles

Ext<

.dvils

Fi

little lobed.

from one

one early deciduous 1-fiowered the other racemose without

females solitary on very short peduncles. Male calyx-tube elongate,
axil,

bracts
cylindric at the base, abov'
teeth 5, long, linear ; petals
t'u3Wtt*liaped
stamens 3 anthers connate, included, one
5, elliptic, nearly separate, entire
1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate.
Female calyx and corolla as in the
male; ovary oblong, 3-celled, -style long, with three oblong bifid stigmatic
lobes ; ovules pendulous, 4-6 in-ueach cell.
Fruit broad-oblong, narrowed at
both ends, 3-angular, irregularlyMnuate-costate, valves 3 separating from the
axis nearly to the base.
Seech in two rows in each cell, flat, oblong, pendulous,
the lower end corrugate or almost 3-lobed.
;

K. caudig-erum,

1.

in

DC.

Prodr.

iii.

Wall. Cat. 6761. Bryonia? pedunculosa, Seringe

Bampinia herpetospermoides, C. B. Clarke in Journ.

306.

Linn. Soc. xv. 130.

Temperate Himalaya, from Simla and Ktjmaon to Bhotan, alt. 5000-8000 ft.
common in Sikkim. Khasia Mts. Wallich.
Stem and peduncles more or less pubescent. Leaves 4-.6 in. long and broad, usually pubescent on both surfaces, serrate, acuminate petiole 2-4 in.
Male peduncle

very

pedicels 1 in., hairy.

Calyx-tube 1 in., pubescent without. Petals often 1 in.
of the ovary in the male linear, simple.
Fruit 3 by l in., more or less
Seeds usually 12 sometimes 18, A by and in., thick, often exhibiting
pubescent.
(when dried) wavy marks on the surface, packed in a fibrous almost juiceless pulp.
Wallich's Khasia specimen exhibits ripe seeds which are very narrow, incised at the
lower end so that the middle lobe appears as a spinous tooth. Lady Dalhousie's
examples collected at Simla are nearly glabrous with smaller flowers. Herpetosperof Bth. Hk. f. Gen. PI. i. 834, described from imperfect materials, includes
H. caudigerum, Warea tonglensis and Edgaria darjeelingensis. The generic character
did not fit Warea or Edgaria and required emendation as to the ovules and seeds

in.,

Eudiment

mum

of Wallich's Herpetospermum.

LA GEN ARIA,

6.

Seringe,

Large climbers, pubescent, tendrils 2-fid. Leaves ovate or orbicular, cordate,

dentate petiole long, with two glands at its apex. Floivers large, white, solitary, monoecious or dioecious, the males long- the females short-ped uncled.
Male calyx-tube funnel-shaped subcampanulate, teeth 5 narrow petals 5,
stamens 3 anthers connate, included, one 1-celled, two 2-celled,
free, obovate
rudiment of ovary 0. Female calyx and corolla as in the
cells conduplicate
male ; ovary oblong, style short with 3 bifid stigmatic lobes ovules many,
horizontal placentas 3, vertical. Fruit large, ultimately thick membranous or
Seeds
almost, woody, indehiscent, polymorphous, usually broader upwards.
very many, horizontal, compressed, with a marginal groove, smooth.
;

'

Seringe in DC. Prodr. iii; 299; W. $ A. Prodr. 341

L. vittata,
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 100.
Oucurbita Lagenaria, Linn. Lamk.
hispida and idolatrica, Seringe I. c. 299.
Wall. Cat. 6719,Pheede Horl. Mai.
III. t. 795 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 718
1.

Wight

L. vulgaris,
III.

t.

105*

Kurz

viii. t. 5.

614

(0. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucurbitacej:.

;;

[Lagenaria.

Cultivated throughout India. Distrib. Cultivated ioJ^^Bppics and warm

temperate zones of the whole world.

IjL
j|
Leaves often 6 in. diam., softly pubescent on both saMMl,
ss 5-angular
or 5-lobed. Male peduncle often 6 in., female 1 in.
Calya
Petals 1-2 in.
Fruit often \\ ft., in India ujpkliv
<J^^^^ll-shaped.
Seeds by | and in. thick, with an imprejM^jgroove paralleJ^^Hpnnd near the
margin.
-

>

<

LUPPA,

7.

Cav.

Climbers, large or small, pubescent ov nearly glabrous tendrils 2-5-fid.

Leaves cordate, usually 5-angular or 5-lotoed petiole without glands at its
apex. Floioers yellow or white, monceciousj males and females often from the
same axil females solitary or panicled, rnSles on long or short racemes or
clustered.
Male calyx-tube top-shaped, lobes 5, triangular or lanceolate
petals 5, obovate ; stamens. 3, rarely 5, filaments 3 free or connate anthers exserted free, one 1-celled, the others 2-celled, cells sigmoid often on the margin of
the broad connective.
Female calyx-tube shortly produced above the ovary
lobes and corolla as in the male ovary oblong, style cylindric, stigma 3-lobed
ovules very many^ horizontal. Fruit large or small, oblong (not spherical),
smooth or angular or spinous, ultimately fibrous, not succulent, 3-celled, usually
circumsciss near the top.
Seeds many, oblong, compressed.
Distrib. Species
10, in the warmer regions of the Old World several widely cultivated, one
indigenous in America.
;

Stamens

5.

1. Zi. graveolens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 716 ; male pedicels clustered in
the axils without bracts, females often in the same axils 1-3 on the peduncle
Wall. Cat. 6752 Naud.
each 1-bracteate, fruit with numerous soft bristles.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 124 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 101.
;

Sikkim,

alt.

East Bengal

Stems long,

1000-2000
C.

ft.

B. Clarke.

Rajmahal Hills; Roxburgh. Plain of

J. D. H.
Chittagong Kurz. Distrib. North Australia.
;

Leaves 3 in. diam., reniform-orbicular,

tendrils 3-5-fid.
5-angled, denticulate, punctulate, scabrous above, pubescent on the nerves beneath
petiole 2-3 in.
Male pedicels few, much shorter than the petiole petals 5, \ in.,
yellow, entire ; stamens 5.
Female peduncle short, sometimes divided with 2-3
flowers, each pedicel carrying a small ovate entire thick bract ^ in.
Fruit 2 by 1 in.,
covered with papillae, scarcely spinous, obscurely 10-striate, dehiscing horizontally
near the top, stopple without papillae.
Seeds scarcely 5. in., very many, packed in
little villous

fibres,

smooth, not margined.

2. Xi. aeg-yptiaca, Mill, ex Hook.f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 530 male
flowers racemed on long peduncles, .fruit elongate clavate smooth 10-ribbed or
somewhat, 10-angular. DC. Prodr. iii. 303. L. pentandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii.
712 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 343 Wall. Cat. 6751 ; Wight. Ie. t. 499. L. racemosa,
Roxb. I.e. 715.
L. clavata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 104, FL Ind. iii. 714. L.
acutangula, W. 8f A. L c, not of Roxb. L. C}4indrica, Roem. Synops. ii. 63
;

in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. p. 119 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
L. Petola and Cattu-picinna, Seringe in DC. I.e. L. Parvala, Wall.
Cat. 6758.
L. Gosa, hederacea and Satpatia, Wall. Cat. 6753, 6755, 6757.
Bryonia cheirophylla, Wall. Cat. 6715 A. Momordica Luffa, Linn. Rheede
Hort. Mai. viii. t. 8, with many other synonyms for which see Naudin I. c.

Naud.
100.

Thoughout India very common, often cultivated.

the tropics, native country uncertain (Naudin).

Disbib. Cultivated throughout

; ;;

lxv. cucurbitace^.

Luffa.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

615

tendrils 2-3-fid.
Extensively climbing hairy
Leaves 4 in. diatrf., reniformorbicular, 5-angled or somewhat 5-lobed, dentate, usually scabrous, punctate on both
Male peduncleJi ^n., flowers
surfaces, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petiole 2 in.
often approximate near the summit; pedicels short, each carrying a sma.ll ovate
viscid entire bract sometimes obsolete. Petals 5, f-1 in., yellow, often' "fttRXfdlevated
;

hairy green ^ins. Stamens 5. Female flower solitary, peduncle 1-3. A\T Fruit
5-12 in. Seeds ^ by nearly \ in., usually black, very narrowly winged, -smooth or
very sparingly tuh^rcled. The pedicels are rarely elongated nLSaip.qtia, Wall.)
one example of Falconer's has the racemes compound. The fflft being the part
eaten and attended to in cultivation is hence vexy variable ancrao gfcod character
founded on it can be drawn between this species and L. acutangula.
'T

** Stamens
3.

Zi.

3.

acutangula,

not covered by spines or

Hook.
1877,

f.

pt.

Trop. Afn.

in Oliv. Fl.
ii.

101, excl.

Roxb. Fl. Ind.

DC.

many

syn.

iii.

713

Prodr.

fruit elongate 10-angled

Wall. Cat. 6759

302
530, excl. syn. ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Oucumis acutangulus, Wall. Cat. 6736.

papillae.

iii.

ii.

North- West India Boyle. Sikkim J. D. H. Assam Masters. Plain of East

Bengal; C. B.Clarke. Ceylon; Thwaites. Distbib. Malaya.
Very near L. pentandpa from which it differs by having 3 stamens as noted by Roxburgh and verified by Thwaites. The fruit is usually smaller, often only 3-4 in.
The figure of L. faetida in Cav. Ic. i. t. 9, shows clearly 5 stamens and is not
Roxburgh's plant. Bheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 7, is much more probably L. agyptiaca
;

than this species. L. acutangula No. 1106 in Herb. Wight is peritandrous and is
L. cegyptiaca exactly. All these, and all descriptions founded on them, are not here
included in L. acutangula, Boxb.
Var. amara, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 715 (sp.) fruit oblong 10-angled without spines
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102;
or papillae.
Wall. Cat. 6754 A; W. A. Prodr. 343
L. Plukenetiana, DC. Prodr. iii. 302.
Xaud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 123.
Momordica tubiflora, Wall. Cat. 6749. From nearly all India especially the Western
side.
Naudin, who retains L. amara as a species, says it is " exceedingly near L.
acutangula but distinguished by the leaves a little smaller and sometimes whitish."
The typical L. amara has the leaves softly pubescent at least while young, for they
become in age scabrous.
;

4. Zi. echinata, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 104 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 716 ; fruit ellipWall. Cat. 6756 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 343
soid densely covered with bristles.
Date. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 101. L.
Bindaal, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 104 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 717.

Gujerat Dalzell. Scinde Stocks.

Distmb. Tropical Africa.

Clarke.

Purnea^ (Bengal)

Jurz.

Dacca

C.

B.

Climbing not extensively, sparingly scabrous-pilose; tendrils 2-fid. Leaves 1-2 in.
diam., cordate, reniform-orbicular, entire or obscurely 5-angular or 54obed, or cut
petiole
almost to the base into 5 narrow sinuate-pinnatifid segments, dentate
1-2 in. Male peduncles normally paired, one 1 -flowered the other racemed very
long 6 in. or more, pedicels 1 in. flowers small, white, without bracts. Filaments 3,
two with 2-celled anthers. Peduncle of the solitary female very short. Fruit \\ by
in., ribs not visible; spines ^ in., ciliate; stopple without spines, calyx-teeth perSeeds } in., many, slightly scabrous.
sistent.
Var. hngistylis, Edgw. in Journ. As. Soc. 1852, p. 270 (sp.) male raceme shorter
than the leaves, spines of the fruit fewer themselves glabrous. Banda, Edgeworth.
The leaves are not more dissected than in some Bengal typical L. echinata, nor are
the styles longer. The whole male raceme is much shorter than the accompanying
1 -flowered male peduncle.
;


616

lxv. cucurbitace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Luffa,

5. Ii. Kleinii, W. fy A. Prodr. 344

young fruit spinous, spines denselywoolly. L. umbellata, Roem. Synops. ii. 63. Cucurbita umbellata, Heyne in
Herb. Bottler; Wall. Cat. 6724; DC. Pi-odr. iii. 318.
;

Travancore Klein. Coromandel (?) Wight.

Agrees closely with L. echinata and may be a variety of it, b-tft; the stamens
the filaments being three, of which two are bifid below the anthers.
;

differ

BENINCASA, Savi.

8.

large climber, softly hairy, tendrils 2-fid.

Leaves cordate, reniformorbicular, more or less 5-lobed; petiole without glands.
Flowers large, yellow,
all solitary, without bracts.
Male : calyx-tube campanulate,
lobes 5, leaf-like, serrate ; petals 5, nearly separate, obovate ; stamens 3, inserted near the mouth of the tube; anthers exsert, free, one 1-celled, two

monoecious,

Female : calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary

oblong, densely hairy ; style thick, with 3 flexuose stigmas ; ovules numerous,
horizontal ; placentas 3.
Fruit large, fleshy, oblong, pubescent, indehiscent.
Seeds many, oblong, compressed, margined.

2-celled, cells sigmoid.

1.

8. cerifera,

Savi;

DC.

Prodr.

iii.

303

W.

8f

A. Prodr. 344

Mia.

Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 665 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 87 Kurz in
Journ. As. Soe. 1877, pt. ii. 101. Cucurbita Pepo, Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 593
Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 718. C. hispida, Wall. Cat. 6723.
C. farinosa, JBlume
Bijd. 931.
Gymnopetalum ? calyculatum, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. Suppl. 332.
;

Rheede

ITort.

Mai.

viii. t. 3.

Throughout India cultivated. Distrib. Cultivated in Malaya, China, Japan,

Tropical Africa where wild uncertain.
Leaves 4-6 in. diam. petiole 3-4 in. Male peduncle 3-4 in., female peduncle
1-2 in. Calyx-teeth when young often narrow, scarcely serrate. Fruit 1-1^ ft.,
cylindric, without ribs, hairy, ultimately covered with a waxy bloom.
Seeds % by
yin.
;

9.

MOMOR3ICA, Linn.

Climbing, with simple tendrils. Leaves cordate, petioled, undivided in the

Indian species. Flotpers yellow or white, monoecious or dioecious, females solitary peduncled, males solitary or racemed, bracteate or not.
Male calyx-tube
short, campanulate (with 2-3 basal oblong incurved scales ex Hook, f.) lobes 5 %
corolla 5-partite nearly to the base stamens 3 (2 in M. Cymbalarid) filaments
short; anthers at length free, one 1-celled, one or two 2-celled, cells conduplicate, or in M. Cymbalaria horse-shoe-shaped.
Female calyx and corolla
as in the male ; ovary oblong style long, stigmas 3 ovules very many, horizontal placentas 3.
Fruit oblong or spherical, rough or smooth, indehiscent or 3-valved, many- or few-seeded. Seeds obovate or complanate, smooth
corrugate or sculptured. Distkib. Species 26 f chiefly in the warmer parts of
Africa, several in Tropical Asia, few in Tropical America.
The genus is here
artificially separated from Luffa by its simple tendrils.
:

Male peduncles

\-Jloivered.

1. UK. Charantia, Linn.

DC. Prodr. iii. 311 monoecious, bract about
the middle of the male peduncle orbicular entire, fruit ovoid narrowed to both
ends many-ribbed covered with triangular tubercles. Roxb. Fl. Lnd. iii. 707 >
;


Momordica.']

pt.

Nat.

i.

663

Ic.

131

ser. 4, xii.

t.

Prodr. 348
504 Dalz. fy

Kurz

in

M. muricata, DC.

M.

Rheede

(C. B. Clarke.)

617

Mag. t. 2455 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Bomb. Fl. 102 Naud. in Ann. St.
Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. M. humilis,

W. $ A.

Wight

Wall. Cat. 6747.

1. c.

;;

lxv. cucurbitace;e.

Wall. Cat. 6746

i.

senegalensis, Lamk. ; DC.

Hoi't. Mai. viii. t. 9, 10.

Bot.

Roxb.

I.e.;

1. c.

Gibs.

Oucumis

Wall. Cat. 6745; Miq.

I.e.;

africanus, Bot. Reg.

t.

980.

Throughout India, cultivated. Distrib. Malaya, China, Tropical Africa.

Leaves 1-3 in. diam., orbicular, glabrous or slightly pubescent, cut nearly to the
base into 5-7 narrow sinuate or subpinnatifid lobes. Male peduncle 2-4 in., slender,
bract.
Calyx-lobes ovate, acute.
Petals f-f in., yellow. Female peduncle 2-4 in.,
slender, bracteate near the base ovary fusiform, muricate.
Fruit 1-3 in., rostrate.
Seeds | in., compressed, corrugate on the margin, somewhat sculptured.
;

2. KK. Balsamina, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 311; monoecious, bract very
near the top of the male peduncle orbicular denticulate variegated, fruit ovoid
narrowed to both ends smooth. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 664 Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 757, excl. syn. Wight
Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. ii. 537, not
of Wallich, nor of W. $ A. Prodr. 349.
;

T. Thomson, Edgeworth.
North-West India Boyle. Scinde Stocks.
Malaya, Australia, Western Asia, Africa to the Cape.
Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves l-3 in. diam., orbicular, palmately 3-5-lobed to
petiole
about the middle, lobes acutely lobulate, punctulate on both surfaces
f-1^ in. Male peduncle 1-3 in. calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, acute petals J-Jj in.,
yellowish, black at the base. Female peduncle short, less than \ in., ebracteate. Fruit
1-3 in., rostrate, red, usually quite smooth, in the example of Edgeworth's obscurely
ribbed and slightly muricate. Seeds in., compressed, nearly smooth.

Punjab

Distrib.

3. IKE. dioica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 709

dioecious, petiole without glands,
bract near the top of the male peduncle, flowers large yellow, fruit densely
covered with soft spines. DC. Prodr. iii. 312; W. A. Prodr. 348; Wight
Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 71 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102
Ic. tt. 505, 506
Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 133 Thivaites Fnum. 126, as to var. a.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. M. Balsamina, Wall. Cat. 6741
W. 4" A. Prodr. 349, not of others. M. Wallichii, Roem. Synops. ii. 58 ; Miq.
M. renigera, Hamiltoniana, and Heyneana, Walk
Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 664.
M. Missionis, Wall. Cat. 6739 Dennst. in Miq. I. c.
Cat. 6743, 6744, 6748.
M. subangulata, Blume ex Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. Trichosanthes Russeliana, Wall. Cat. 6696. Bryonia grandis, Wall. Cat. 6700 L.
;

f
ft

Throughout India, from the Himalaya to Ceylon and Singapore, ascending to

5000 ft. alt. on the hills. Distrib. Malaya.

Leaves 2-4 in. long and broad, cordate, ovate, acute, entire, denticulate or more or
glabrous, often punctate beneath; petiole 1-2 in. Male peduncle
2-6. in. ; bract large, cowl-like, embracing the expanded flower, glabrous, thin or
(in M. Missionis) thick soft pubescent calyx-lobes oblong with a narrow termination ;
Female
petals 1 in., full-yellow, the two 2-anthered filaments 2-fid half way down.
Fruit 1-3 in.,
'peduncles as long as the male, bract small usually near the base.
ellipsoid, acute, without ribs.
Seeds nearly ^ in., many, compressed, broad-oblong,
with a few well-marked corrugations on the margins, nearly smooth on the surface.
less 3-5-lobed,

The large succulent Lower Bengal form cannot well be confounded with any other
but both from the Deccan Peninsula and Punjab there is a much slenderer form, the
males of which have been referred to M. Balsamina (the intense spinousness of the
young ovary prevents the female plants being mistaken): they usually have the
leaves much less dissected, and M. Balsamina almost invariably exhibits both male
and female flowers on the same branch. M. Missionis, Wall., is the slender form
;

618

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. CUCURBITACE.E.

[Momordica.

with a glabrous small bract to male flower M. renigera, Wall, has a large woolly
bract M. Heyneana, Wall, has the leaves deeply 3-iobate M. Hamiltoniana, Wall.
has the bract foliaceous crumpled serrate. M. Balsamina, Wall, is the typical M.
Thwaites' M. dioica j8 denudata is altogether remote from M. dioiea
dioica, Boxb.
:

(see

No.

5).

dioecious, petioles
4. IKE. cochinchinensis, Spreng. Syst. iii. 14;
glandular, bract near the top of the male peduncle, flowers large white, fruit
muricated, seeds large. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102. M. mixta,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 709 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 349 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 664 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 5145 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 132. M. dioica, Wall.
Cat. 6750 A, B, C, D, E, F. Muricia cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 733
DC. Prodr. iii. 318.

Bengal to Tenasserim, common. Deccan Peninsula Wight. Canara Law.

Distrib. Formosa, Philippines.
Leaves 4-5 in. diam., cordate, ovate, usually 3-lobed, glabrous or a little pubescent, often punctate beneath, little dentate petiole 2-3 in., almost invariably glandular on its middle a6 well as apex. Male peduncle 2-6 in., bract often pubescent,
embracing the expanded flower petals 1-2 in., white tinged with yellow, 3 with
black spots at the base 2 with yellow glands the two 2-anthered filaments not 2-fid.
Female peduncle 1-2 in., bract small about the middle. Fruit 4-5 in., ovate,
pointed, bright red, very fleshy, without ribs, covered with conical points nearly
in. high. Seeds by -f and | in. thick, many, horizontal, irregular, ovate, compressed, black, corrugated on the margins, sculptured on the faces.
;

**
5.

Male peduncles

denudata,

1*1.

late, flowers small,

ments

several-lowered.

Thwaites Fnwn. 126 dioecious, leaves ovate-lanceomany males on one raceme with inconspicuous bracts, fila;

3, anthers conduplicate, fruit

ovoid rostrate muricated with triangular

papillae.

Ceylon

alt. 3000-4000 ft.

Gardner, Thwaites, Walker.
Slender, climbing, nearly glabrous; tendrils simple. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., deeply
cordate, often 3-5-angled or sparingly 3-5-lobed, central lobe always long acute ;
petiole 1 in.
Male peduncle 2 in., often somewhat panicled nearly from the base and
10-20 mostly pedicelled flowered; bracts at the base of the pedicels minute; sepals
in.
filaments inserted near the top of the calyx-tube,
ovate, acuminate petals
anthers much exsert. Female peduncle 1 -flowered, about as long as the male, bract
minute near the middle. Fruit in. long and broad, suddenly rostrate.
This species is evidently closely allied to the next which Sir J. Hooker removed
from Luffa (where Eoxburgh placed it) because of its simple tendrils. But the exsert anthers, the shape of the flowers and their being pedicelled, all ally M. denudata
;

and M. Cymbalaria \th Luffa rather than Momordica.

6. XtX. Cymbalaria, Fend in PI. Kotschy, No. 147 ; monoecious, leaves
reniform-orbicular, flowers small, males few on one raceme with inconspicuous
bracts, filaments 2, anthers horseshoe-shaped, fruit obovate-oblong acute 8ribbed smooth. Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 540. Luffa tuberosa, Roxb.
Rort. Beng. 104 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 717 ; W. A. Prodr. 344.
L. amara, Wall.
Cat. 6754 B.

Deccan Peninsula

Wight.

Mysore Heyne.
;

Concan

Stocks.

Distrib.

Tro-

pical Africa.

Boot a large woody tuber as in many others of the genus. Leaves 1-2 in. broad,
5-angular or slightly 5-lobed, middle lobe not elongated, glabrous or slightly pubescent,
often punctulate on both surfaces, dentate petiole -1 \ in. Male raceme 1-2 in., with
usually only 2-4 flowers calyx-lcbes lanceolate petals \ in., yellow filaments 2,
;


Momordica.']

lxv. cucurbitacej:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

;
;

619

2-fid one 3-fid so each with one anther-cell; filaments inserted near the top
of the calyx-tube, anthers completely exsert. Female peduncle f-2 in., 1 -flowered,
Fruit f by scarcely | in. Seeds - in., few, shortly obovoid, smooth,
ebracteate.

one

shining.

10.

CUCUMXS,

Linn.

Climbing herbs, hispid or scabrous tendrils simple. Leaves petioled, palmately 3-7-lobed or 5-angled or entire, dentate or serrate. Flowers yellow,
monoecious, males clustered in the axils, females solitary, all shortly peduncled.
Male calyx-tube top-shaped or campanulate, lobes 5. Stamens 3 anthers
free, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate or much flexuose, connective
produced in a crest. Female calyx and corolla as in the male ovary ovoid,
ovules very many, horizontal placentas
style short, with three obtuse stigmas
3.
Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, large or small, spherical or elongate, smooth or
Distrib.
tuberculate. Seeds very many, oblong, compressed^ mostly smooth.
Species 25, of which half are African, a few in the tropical regions of Asia,
Australia and America, and several widely cultivated of doubtful origin.
;

C. trig- onus, Roxb.

Fl. Ind. ii. 722; leaves and petioles scabrid not

flowers small, ovary hairy sometimes densely
white woolly or silky, fruit about 1 in. ultimately glabrous ellipsoid or obovoid round or obscurely trigonous.
W. % A. Prodr. 342 ; Wight Ic. t. 497 ;
Wight III t. 105 ; Boiss. Fl Orient, ii. 758 ; Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 103
Naud. in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 30. C. turbinatus, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii. 723
1.

softly hairy, petioles

in.,

iii. 342 ; Miq. Fl Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 671.

C. maderaspatanus,
723; Wall. Cat. 6734. C. Melo var. agrestis, Naud. I.e. 73. C.
pubescens, Wall. Cat. 6729 W. $ A. Prodr. 342 Bogle III. t. 47
Wight Ic.
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 103, perhaps not of WilH. and others. C.
t. 496
pseudo-colocynthis, Bogle III. t. 47.
C. eriocarpus, Boiss. Diagn. ii. 59.
Bryonia callosa/JTerft. Bottler ; Wall Cat. 6710.

W.

fy

A. Prodr.

Roxb.

I.e.

Throughout India. Distreb, Malaya, North Australia, Afghanistan, Persia.

Root perennial, by which character alone it can be distinguished from C. Melo
according to Naudin, but the examples seen and collected in India are almost invaStem in the typical examples scabrid tendrils short.
riably less than one year old.
;

Leaves 1-2

diam., orbicular subpentangular, in the typical plant deeply palmatelobed, lobes very scabrid and often narrow in the more flaccid G. pubescens the hairs
more scattered, the leaves entire, 5-angled 5-lobed petiole -1^ in. Peduncles of
Fruit sometimes with a few scattered hairs, often with
males and females -1 in.
10 stripes. The plants marked by Indian botanists as C. pubescens are reduced to
Kurz (in 3ourn.As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
C. trigonus by Naudin in the Kew Herbarium.
103) separates C. trigomts with solitary peduncles from C. pubescens with clustered
peduncles and makes the latter a variety of C. Melo, Linn.
C. pubescens of Thwaites
Enum. (C. P. 3534) has remarkably acute lobes to the leaves and resembles C.
Hardwickii, but there is no note of the fruit.
in.

2. C. prophet arum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 301 ; leaves and petioles
scabrid not softly downy, flowers small, petals in., ovary very tuberculate,
fruit about 1 in. more or less tuberculate ellipsoid.
Wall. Cat. 6733 ; W. 8f A.
Prodr. iii. 342 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 758; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 14.

Scikde Stocks. Distbib. Boloochistan, Arabia, Tropical Africa to Guinea.

Stem scabrid; tendrils short. Leaves 1-1^ in., reniform, subtriangular, much
lobed petiole -1 in. Female peduncle less than in., stout. Fruit green, with
;

paler vertical stripes.


620

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucuRBiTACEiE.

[Cucutnis.

3. C. IMCelo, Linn.', DC. Prod?', iii. 300; leaves orbicular-reniform 5angular or lobed lo"bes neither deep nor acute scabrid on both surfaces and also
often with soft hairs, petals in., fruit glabrous or somewhat hairy not spinous
Wall. Cat. 6738
nor tuberculate.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 720
W. $ A. Prodr.
341 ; Jacq. Monog. du Melon, t. 1-33. C. utilissimus, Roxb. 1. c. 721 Wall.
0. flexuosus, Linn. ; DC. I.e.) W. $ A.
Cat. 6731; W. $ A. Prodr. 342.
Prodr. iii. 342. 0. maculatus, Willd. DC. 1. c. 301
W. $ A. Prodr. iii. 342.
0. Gurmia and C. Chata, Wall. Cat. 6726? and 6727. 0. cicatrisatus, Stocks
in Hook. Kew Journ. JSot. iv. 148.
;

Throughout India, cultivated. Distrib. Cultivated in most hot countries, and

perhaps the cultivated form of C. trigonus.
Stems scabrous. Leaves 3 in. diam. petiole 2 in. Female peduncle sometimes
2 in. Fruit spherical ovoid elongate or contorted. The Melon.

C. sativus, Linn.

DC.

Prodr. iii. 300

leaves ovate 5-angular or
slightly lobed, lobes acute hispidulous on both surfaces and also o/ten with soft
hairs, petals f in., fruit glabrous sometimes tuberculated commonly elongate.
Lamk. Lll. t. 795; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 720 Wall. Cat. 6737 ; W. $ A. Prodr.
342 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 671 Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 27 ;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 103. 0. muricatus, Wall. Cat. 6735 A.
C. Hardwickii, Royle III. t. 47.Rheede Hoi't. Mai. t. 6.
4.

Throughout India, cultivated. Distrib. In

cultivated where wild unknown.

tries,

all

warm and warm temperate coun-

Stems scabrous. Leaves 3-5 in. diam. petiole 2-3 in. Female 'peduncle sometimes 2 in. Young ovary muricate with rigid prickles. Fruit commonly cylindric,
12 by 1 in. The Cucumber.
Var~ sikkimensis, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6206"; fruit 15 by 6 in. clavate with 5
placentas.
Concombre du Sikkim, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 28. Cultivated
in Nipal and Sikkim, J. D. H., &c.
;

11.

CITXtULLUS,

Schrader.

Climbing herbs, hispid or scabrous tendrils 2-3-fid.

Leaves petioled, palmately 3-7-lobed, usually deeply with narrow sinuate-pinnatifid segments, but
.sometimes little lobed. Flowers monoecious, all solitary, tolerably large. Male :
calyx-tube campanulate, lobes 5 stamens 3, short anthers scarcely cohering,
one 1- celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate, connective not produced
Female calyx and corolla as in the male ovary ovoid style short, stigmas 3,
reniform ovules very many, horizontal placentas 3. Fruit globose or ellipsoid, smooth, fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds very many, oblong, compressed, smooth.
Distrib. Species 2, widely cultivated.
;

Colocynthis, Schrad. in Linncea 1838, 414 leaves deeply divided

1.
harshly scabrid, fruit globose rarely 3 in. diam. intensely bitter. Am. in Hook.
Journ, Bot. iii. 276 ; Wight Ic. t. 498 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 662 ; Naud.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. xii. 99 ; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 101 Boiss. Fl.
Cucumis Colocvnthis, Linn. DC. Prodr. iii. 302 Roxb. FL
Orient, ii. 759.
Ind. iii. 719 ; Wall. Cat. 6732 W. $ A. Prodr. iii. 342.
;

Throughout India, cultivated and also very often apparently wild. Distrib.
Western Asia, Arabia, all Africa except the Cape, Spain.
Whole plant scabrid. Leaves 2\ by scarcely 2 in. in the typical wild very scabrous
form, larger in the cultivated forms approaching C. vulgaris, ovate, middle segment
compound-pinnatifid petiole 1 in.
Ovary
Petals in., obovate, light yellow.
villous.
Fruit smooth, variegated green and white. Seeds - in., not margined.
;

;;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucurbitace^.

Citrullus.']

621

leaves deeply divided or

2. C. vulgaris, Sehrad. in Linncea 1848, 412
but moderately lobed glabrous or somewhat hairy hardly scabrid, fruit often
10 in. diam. sometimes much smaller. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xi. 100
Dalz. 8r Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 102; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 103. 0.
fistulosus, Stocks in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. t. 3.
Cucumis Citrullus, DC.
Prodr. iii. 301. Cucurbita Citrullus, Linn. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 319
Wall. Cat.
;

6717; W.

8f

A. Prodr. 351.

Throughout India,

cultivated.

Distbib. In all
'

warm

countries of the world, cul-

tivated.

Said to be annual while C. Colocynthis is perennial but the distinction between

the cultivated form of C. Colocynthis and the divided-leaved forms of the water-melon
is very small.
The water-melon- has either sweet or bitter fruit: when the latter,
it is Citrullus amarus of authors.
C. fistulosus, Stocks, has thick stems, leaves
sparingly lobed, and is plentifully supplied with long somewhat hispid hairs. The
Water- Melon.*
;

12.

CfiPKALANDRA,

Schrader,

Climbing herbs, scarcely hairy tendrils simple. Leaves petioled, 5-angular or

Floicers dioecious, moderately large, all solitary and white in
5-lobed, toothed.
the Indian species, ebracteate. Male calyx-tube campanulate, short, limb 5lobed ; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed about half-way down ; stamens 3 ; anthers
exsert, connate, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate.
Female calyx
and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong, style long with 3 bifid stigmas ovules
many, horizontal ; placentas 3, vertical. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, cylindric,
Seeds many, ovoid, compressed, margined. Distrib. Species 12;
smooth.
all African, one extending to India and Malaya.
;

1. C. indica, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, v. 16; leaves 5-angular

occasionally 5-lobed, fruit 1-2 by -1 in. Kurz in. Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
103.
Momordica monadelpha, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 708. Bryonia grandis, Linn,
B. palmata, Wall. Cat.
Wall. Cat. 6700, except D, I, K, L.
f. SuppU 126 ;
'6711 A, B, C. Coccinia indica, W. $ A. Prodr. 347 ; Wight III. 1. 105 Dene,
in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 72 ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 138 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 673
Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 103. C. Schimperi, Naud. I. c. ser. 4, xii. 16. C.
Wightiana, Roem. Synops. ii. 93 ; Miq. I. c. 674. Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 14.
;

Throughout India, common. Distbib. Malaya, Africa.

Leaves 2-4 in. diam., 5-angular, papillose, seabrid petiole 1 in. Male peduncle
1 in., jointed below the flower; calyx-lobes linear-oblong; corolla nearly 1 in., lobes
Ovary smooth. Fruit bright scarlet.
long- triangular. Female peduncle about % in.
Vab. palmata, W. & A. Prodr. 348 leaves deeply lobed segments sometimes narrow and sinuate. B. alceaefolia. Herb. Bottler. Principally in the Deccan Peninsula.
Hook.f. in Oliv. Fl. Trap. Afr. ii. 551 keeps C. quinqueloba {Sehrad. in Eckl. $ Zeyh.
Enum. 280) distinct from this var., but it is not easy to do so. Whether this plant
is Bryonia grandis, DC. Prodr. iii. 305 with aculeate fruit, or B. Mormoi of the same
:

work, also said to have acufeate

13.

fruit, is

perhaps now not material.

CUCURBITA,

Linn.

Large climbing herbs, hispid or hairy ; tendrils 2-4-fid. Leaves petioled, corFlmvers monoecious, all solitary, yellow, very
date, ovate, 5-angular or lobed.
large.
Male calyx-tube campanulate, lobes 5, linear or foliaceous ; corolla
:

622

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucuebitace^.

[Cvmrbita.

carnpanulate, 5-lobed hardly half-way down; stamens 3, inserted low in the calyxtube, anthers connate, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells conduplicate.
Female :
calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong-, style short, stigmas 3, bifid
ovules very many, horizontal; placentas 3. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, often
Distrib. Species
large.
Seeds ovoid or oblong, compressed, margined or not.
5, whereof 4 are cultivated, 1 is said to be wild in Africa.
1.

C.

maxima,

Duchesne in Lamk. Diet. ii. 151 leaves with 5 shallow

between the lobes narrow, hairs of the petiole equal
;

lobes or subentire sinus

not pungent, calyx-segments lanceolate-linear, fruiting peduncle stout corky

DC. Prodr. iii. 316 ; Wall. Cat. 6720 Naud. in Ann.
striated not grooved.
Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vi. 17.
;

Throughout India, cultivated. Distrib. Cultivated in all warm and temperate

parts of the globe.
Annual. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., hispidulous and also with much soft hair, dentiMale peduncle 4 in., female 1^ in.
culate ; petiole often nearly as long as the blade.
The Common Gourd.
Corolla 3-4 in.

DC. Prodr. iii. 317 ; hairs of the petiole

2. C. moschata, Duchesne
equal not pungent, calyx-segments spathulate or foliaceous. Naud. in Ann.
0. maxima,
Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vi. 47 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 104.
W. Sf A. Prodr. 351 Wight III. t, 105 Wight Ic. t. 507. 0. Melopepo, Roxb.
0. Camolenga, Wall. Cat. 6718.Rheede
Fl. Ind. iii. 719 Wall. Cat. 6725.
Hort. Mai. viii. t. 2.
;

Throughout India, cultivated. Distrib. Widely cultivated

The Musk-Melon.

tropical regions.

'in

tropical

and sub-

3. C. Pepo, DC. Prodr. iii. 317 ; leaves 5-lobed sinus between the lobes
broad, hairs on the petiole beneath rigid almost prickly, fruiting peduncle woody
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 718 ; W. 8f A. Prodr. 351 ; Naud. in
strongly grooved.
Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vi. 29 Wall. Cat. 6722.
;

Distrib. Cultivated in all warm and temperate

parts of the globe.
.

Annual. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., with much soft hair, hispidulous on the nerves
beneath, denticulate, lobes acute often slightly lobed ; petiole often nearly as long as
the blade. Male 'peduncle 4 in. or more, female \\ in. Corolla 3-4 in. The Pumpkin.

Throughout India, cultivated.

14.

BRYONIA, Linn.

Climbing herbs, scabrid or glabrous tendrils 2-fid in the Indian species.

Leaves petioled, palmately 5-lobed or 3-5-angular. Flowers small, yellowish,
males and females clustered in the same axils (in the Indian species shortly pediMale: calyx-tube widely carnpanulate, 5-toothed; corolla 5-partite;
celled).
stamens 3, inserted low down the calyx-tube, anthers free, two 2-celled one
1-celled; cells curved or somewhat sigmoid, never quite conduplicate, connective not produced ; rudiment of ovary 0.
Female : calyx and corolla as in the
male ovary ovoid style slender, 3-fid at the top, no disc at the base in the
Indian species ovules many, horizontal, placentas 3. Berry spherical, indehisSeeds not very many, oblong or ovoid, compressed.Distrib. Species
cent.
12, in the warm and temperate regions of the old world.
;

1. B. laciniosa, Linn.', DC. Prodr. iii. 308; scabrous or nearly glabrous,

leaves generally deeply palmately 5-lobed sinus sometimes shallow, fruit nearly

Bryonia.]

;
:

lxv. cucurbitaceje.

(C. B. Clarke.)

623

2-3 together, seeds ovoid with a thickened corrugate margin often

with large protuberances on the faces. JRoxb. Hort. Beng. 104 Fl. Ind. iii.
728; Blume Bijd. 927; Wall. Cat. 6699; Wight Ic. t. 500; W. 8? A. Prodr.
345 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 660 JDalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 101 Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 104. Bryonopsis courtallensis, Am. in Hook. Journ.
sessile often

B. erythrocarpa, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xviii. 194.

Bot. iii. 274.
B. laciniosa, Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 556.
Cucumis verrucosus,

Herb. Bottler.

From the Himalaya to Ceylon. Pegu Kurz. Distrib. Trop. Africa, Mauritius,
Malaya, Australia.
Stems angular, slender, usually glabrous or nearly so. Leaves often scabrous,
punctate above, lobes 2-3 in., with a broad or narrow sinus petiole often longer
than the blade, sometimes muricate near the apex. Male pedicels less than 1 in.,
usually glabrous, female still shorter.
Calyx-teeth subulate.
Fruit in. diam., green
with white vertical stripes. Seeds \ in.
;

15.

ZKUK.IA, Am.
\

Scabrous climoing herbs

Leaves 3-7-angular, not deeply

lobed, cordate, petioled and subsessile on the same plant.
Flowers small, yellow,' males and females clustered in the same axils
males very short-peduncled,
females subsessile. Male : calyx campanulate, teeth 5, subulate ; corolla 5partite ; stamens 3, inserted low in the calyx-tube, anthers free, two 2-celled
one 1-celled; cells* straight, connective not produced. Female: calyx and
corolla as in the male ; disk annular ; ovary ovoid, hispid ; style thick, apex
3-2-lobed ; ovules not very many, horizontal ; placentas 3-2. Berry globose,
Seeds not very many, ovoid, compressed, strongly margined,
small, indehiscent.
Distrib. Species 2; one South Indian; the other
faces rough or smooth.
African, Asiatic, and Australian.
;

tendrils simple.-

M.

scabrella, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 276; very scabrous,

1.
leaves rough hispid beneath, seeds rough on their faces. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
M. maderaspatana, Kurz
ser. 4, xii. 142 ; Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 100.
Bryonia scabrella, Linn. f. Suppl. 424
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii* 104.
Wall. Cat. 6708 W. 8c A. Prodr. 305
Prodr. iii. 306
Wight Ic. t. 501
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 724 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 658. B. Wightiana, Wall.
Cucumis madeCat. 6703. B. maderaspatana and althaeoides, DC. 1. c. 306.
raspatanus, Linn. Sp. PI. 1438. Karivia javanica, Miq. I. c. 661.
Trichosanthes dioica, Wall Cat. 6692 C.

DC.

Throughout India, common ascending the hills as far as subtropical warmth

Distrib. Africa, Malaya, Australia.
Stem angular, slender, hispid or scabrid. Leaves 1-3 in., serrate petiole often very
Flowers ^^ in. diam.
Ovary very hispid. Fruit
short, sometimes 1 in. or more.
-^ in. diam., bright red.
Var. gracilis leaves 4 by 2^ in. hastate elongate very acute wide at the base
Pagamew (Bcjrma);
long-petioled nearly entire. Bryonia gracilis, Wall. Cat. 6714.
:

extends.

Possibly a distinct species.

Wallich.

2. BX. leiosperma, Thivaites Enum. 125 scabrous, leaves hispid beneath

and with much long soft hair, seeds smooth on their faces. Bryonia leiosperma, W. fy A. Prodr. 345. B. mysorensis, Miq. in Herb. Hohenack.
;

Deccan Peninsula; Pulney Mts., Wight.

Ceylon alt. 4000-5000 ft., Thwaites.
;

Nilghiris,

G.

Thomson, Holienacker.


;;

624

lxv. cucurbitace^;.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[MuJcia.

Nearly allied to M. scabrella. Leaves densely softly villose beneath when young
and often when old, elongated acute at the apex. Mr. Thwaites says the rudimentary pistil in the male flowers is more developed than in M. scabrella and is surrounded
at the base with an annulus.

16.

ZEHNERIA,

Endl.

Climbing herbs ; tendrils simple. Leaves long- or short-petioled, dentate,

angular or deeply lobed, polymorphous. Flowers small, yellowish, monoecious or
dioecious, males in a peduncled corymb, females solitary on short peduncles or
sometimes subcorymbose on a longer peduncle ; bracts or very small. Male
calyx tubular-canipanulate, teeth 5 small ; corolla divided nearly to the base
into 5 triangular segments ; stamens 3, inserted low in the calyx-tube, filaments
glabrous or hairy (in the same species), anthers free, all 2-celled or (in the
same species) one 1-celled : anther-cells curved or (in the same species) flexuose
or sigmoid ; connective often papillose at the top, scarcely produced, Female:
calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary globose or oblong, glabrous or very
style cylindric, 3-lobed, surrounded at the base by an annular disc
hairy
ovules many, horizontal; placentas 3. Fruit succulent, indehiscent, globose
*
Seeds many or few, obovoid rounded or compressed,
ellipsoid or cylindric.
with or without a margin, faces smooth or somewhat tubercular or pitted.
Distrib. Species 15 (according to Bth. & Hk. f.) or 5 only ; in tropical Asia,
Australia, and Africa, with one species in South America.
:

1. Z. Baueriana, Endl. Lconogr. 1. 116, 117 ; leaves cordate acute simple

or 3-5-lobed half way down, petiole longer than the auricles, fruit by f in.
when dry reticulate-rugose ellipsoid, seeds much compressed oblong margined
smooth or slightly tuberculate on the faces. Z. mucronata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Bryonia mucronata, Blume. Bijd. 923. B. mysorensis, Wall. Cat.
i. pt. i. 656.
6702 | W. 8r A. Prodr. 345 ; Wight Ic. t. 758 ; Dalz. Sf Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 101.
Karivia samoensis, A. Gray in Seem.
? B. filiformis, Boxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 727.

Fl

Viti 103.

Deccan Peninsula

Wight Heyne Nilghiris, G. Thomson Canara, Stocks

Belgaum, Ritchie. Distrib. Malaya, Japan, Norfolk Island, Feejees; but the area
cannot be separated from that of the next species.

Weak, nearly

glabrous. Leaves 2 in. diam., generally sharply denticulate ; petiole

or short. Flowers frequently monoecious in the same axils, sometimes apparently
dioecious male peduncle usually 1-2 in., female less than \ in., undivided in all the
Indian examples, but occasionally the female peduncle is elongate umbellate according to "Wight. Roxburgh's Bryonia filiformis perhaps belongs here, but the ripe
fruit is said to be near 1 in.
It has been referred to Melothria indica, but the
inflorescence is quite unlike that, as are the yellow flowers and stamens of Roxburgh's picture.

in.

2. Z. Hookei iana, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 275

leaves cordate
acute simple or angular or 3-5-lobed half-way down, petiole longer than the
auricles, fruit f in. diam. when dry reticulate-rugose globose, seeds much
Kurz
flattened oblong margined smooth or slightly tuberculate on the faces.
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 105. Z. exasperata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i.
655. Z. scabra, Harv. 8f Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 486 Bryonia Hookeriana, W. ty A.
Prodr. 345. B. cissoides, Wall. Cat. 6698. ? B. oxyphylla, Wall. Cat. 6697
(no Jlowers).
;

North Bengal common

;

.5000

ft.

alt.

in Sikkim,

Assam, Khasta, and Cachar, ascending to

apparently always in the

Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon, common

lower hills. Distrib. Ava, Malaya, Africa.

Zehneria."]

lxv. cucurbitace^:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

625

Very near Z. Baueriana and possibly not distinct but the ovary is globose even
before the expansion of the flower. The leaves are also generally asperous above and
sometimes much more hairy beneath than in any undoubted examples of Z. BauerThe African distribution of this cannot be defined, as Z. scrobiculata and even
iana.
PUogyne lucida, Naud. can hardly be distinguished from it.
:

leaves cordate or hastate

3. Z. umbellata, Thwaites Enum. 125
rounded angled lobed or 3-5-partite nearly to the base, petiole usually shorter
than the auricles, fruit f-l in. smooth or shortly silky eylindric not rugose,
seeds few obovoid only slightly compressed margin obscure rounded faces quite
smooth or slightly rough. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 105. Z. hastata
and connivens, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 656. Karivia umbellata, Am. in Hook.
Journ. Bot. iii. 275; Miq. I. c. 661. K. Rheedii, Roem. Miq. I. c. 661. MomorBryonia umbellata, Klein;
Prodr.
dica umbellata, Roxb. Fl. hid. iii. 710.
Wall. Cat. 6705 W. $ A. Prodr. 345 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 101.
iii. 305
B. sinuosa, Wall. Cat. 6716, partly. B. amplexicaulis, Lamk. Diet. i. 496 DC.
I c. 306; W. 8f A. Prodr. 346. B. sagittata and Rheedei, Blume; DC. I. c.
305, 306. Harlandia brvonioides, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 648. Rheede Hort.
Mai. viii. t. 26.
;

DC

Throughout India and Ceylon, very common.

Distrib. Malaya, China, North

Australia.

Stem and

leaves usually nearly glabrous, or leaves scabrous above

petiole short,
Leaves polymorphous; sometimes 6 by scarcely 1 in., narrow triangularlanceolate, sometimes cordate-oblong much rounded, often palmate nearly to the base
with 3-5 narrow divaricate segments; basal lobes usually produced strongly backwards,
rounded subacute or most acute. Inflorescence usually dioecious, male corymbose on a
peduncle 2-4 in. or sessile; pedicels glabrous or hairy, subbracteate females solitary,
very short peduncled. Young ovary narrow-oblong, glabrous or somewhat pubescent.
Fruit bright-red, usually much larger than that of the two preceding species. Seeds
about 12; sometimes only 4-6 in the typical Z. umbellata, as said always in Z.
amplexicaulis by W.
A. Wight says that Z. umbellata may be distinguished from
Z. amplexicaulis by having small oblong bracts on the middle of the pedicels, but
these cannot be made out even in Wight's own specimens.
Vae. nepalensis, leaves deeply o-palmate with narrow lobes, scattered glands,
young ovary densely velvety, seeds oblong slightly compressed quite smooth and
rounded with no trace of a margin. Bryonia nepalensis, Seringe in DC. Prodr. iii.
307.
Temperate Western Himalaya, alt. 4000-7000 ft.; Boyle; Thomson; Jacquemont; Strachey $ Winterbottom, &c. A variety many times collected but only within
a very limited area in G-urwhal, Kumaon and Kunawur.
;

often hispid.

&

17.

Climbing herbs

IttELOTHRIA,

Linn.

Leaves petioled, deltoid, truncate

tendrils simple or 2-fid.
or hastate, entire or deeply 3-lobed, little hairy, often punctate. Flowers small,
white, usually monoecious, males and females often from the same axil ; male
pedicels long, clustered (rarely subsolitary) in the axils, or clustered on long
;

racemes resembling branches without leaves; female long-pedicelled. Male:

calyx-tube short, teeth 5, small ; corolla 5-partite stamens 3, inserted in the
middle of the calyx-tube anthers free, one 1-celled, two 2-celled cells free,
straight, simple, more or less lateral, connective prolonged, undivided, glabrous.
Female calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary oblong, style long, stigmas 3
subglobose ; ovules many, horizontal ; placentas 3, vertical. Fruit indehiscent,
Seeds many, small, oblong, much comglobose, acute, or fusiform subrostrate.
Distrib. Species 25,
pressed, obscurely margined, smooth or very nearly so.
;

all tropicaL
* Fruit fusiform, subtrigonous.
vol. n.

s s

626

lxv. cucurbitace^:.

(0. B. Clarke.)

[Melothria.

1. UK. zeylanica, C. B. Clarke ; tendrils simple, leaves not lobed little

cordate, male pedicels clustered in the axils, fruit If in. fusiform.
M. deltoidea, Thwaites JEnum. 124. yEchmandra deltoidea, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot.
Bryonia deltoidea, Am. Pugill. 19.
iii. 274.

Ceylon; common up to 5000 ft., Walker; Gardner.

Nearly glabrous, stems thin. Leaves 2 by 1^ in., acute, often punctate on both surPedicels of males and females about as long as the petioles.
faces; petiole 1 in.
Corolla hairy round the throat rudimentary ovary of the male depressed-globose:
Ovary fusiform stigma large, 3-lobed. Fruit ^ in. broad, obtusely trigonous, almost
Seeds ^ in., packed in three columns. The name M. deltoidea is prerostrate.
occupied by Benth. in Flora Nigrit. 368 for a different plant.
;

M.

Wallichii, C. B. Clarke tendrils simple, leaves not lobed little

male peduncle racemed, fruit 2 in. fusiform. Bryonia odorata, Wall.
Cat. 6706 D.
2.

cordate,

Pbome (Burmah)

Wallich.

Leaves 2-3 by 2^3^ in., very broadly deltoid, sharply triangular, sinuous scarcely denticulate, scabrous above with flat round glands, slightly
Male raceme nearly as in M. odorata. Fruit pedicel f in. Fruit
hispid beneath.
rostrate, attenuate at the base, resembling closely that of M. zeylanica but rather
Seeds nearly \ in., larger than those of M. zeylanica, many, oblong, very
larger.
complanate, hardly margined, smooth on the faces.

Stem glabrous.

** Fruit globose, subquadrate, obtuse.

BX. indie a, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 43 tendrils simple, leaves more or

somewhat 3-lobed, male pedicels clustered in the axils,
Prodr. iii. 313 Naud. in Ann..Sc. Nat. ser.
in. ellipsoid pointed.

3.

less cordate entire or

fruit

DC

4, xvi. 169, with a Jig. ;

Naud. I. c. ser. 5, v. 35.

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

i.

pt.

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 105. M.

iEchmandra indica, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot.
658.

i.

Bryonia

tenella,

Roxb. Fl. Ind.

iii.

Regelii,
iii.

274:

725.

Silhet in the Jheels H. f. # T. Chittaalt. 3000 ft.

C. B. Clarke.
Kurz. Distbib. Malaya to the Philippines, China, Japan.
Nearly glabrous, stem slender. Leaves \\ by 1^- in., acuminate or scarcely acute,
Pedicels of males and females about
often punctate on both surfaces petiole 1 in.
Fruit white, seeds strongly
as long as the petioles. Point of the connective short.
margined (ex Naudin). This appears exceedingly rare in India but it may be
doubted whether the next is other than a form of it see Benth. Fl. Hongk. 125.
Sikkim,

gong

odorata, Hk.

Herb. ; tendrils simple, leaves more or

3-lobed, male pedicels in distant clusters on
long racemes, fruit - in. globose quadrate very obtuse. Bryonia odorata,
Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6706 A. B. C.
4. IMC.

less cordate entire or

f. 8f T. in

somewhat

Nobth-West Himalaya Boyle. Throughout the plain of East Bengal, common,

and ascending the hills to 7000 ft. alt.
Nearly glabrous, stem often stouter than in M. indica. Leaves 2-3 by l-2 in.,
;

Male peduncle long, somepetiole 1-1| in.

acute, often punctate on both surfaces
what zigzag, with a cluster of pedicels (each -f in.) at each angle female pedicel
Corolla white, with much hair round the throat.
Connective
as long as the petiole.
;

much produced rudiment

of ovary in the male flower globose depressed. Seeds

not or very obscurely margined. This species has been separated from M.
indica by the long raceme of the male flowers, which, however, does not essentially
The fruit appears very obtuse, the degree of margination of the seeds can
differ.
hardly be relied on.
Vab. triloba lobes of leaf divaricating sometimes very narrow and long, petiole
often shorter than in the type. Bryonia triflora, Wall. Cat. 6707. East Bengal;

not

in.,


lxv. cucurbitace^.

Melothtia.']

Soorma Bank, Griffith (Keif Distrib.

fruit are altogether those of M, odorata

RX. bicirrhosa,

5.

C.

B.

(C. B. Clarke.)

No. 2530).

The

627

male inflorescence and the

the leaves unlike.

Clarke', tendrils 2-fid, leaves deeply cordate

ovate caudate-acuminate, male inflorescence elongate racemed.

Birma

Griffith

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2522).

Nearly glabrous stem like that of M. odorata tendrils stout all 2-fid. Leaves 4
by 3 in. petiole 2-3 in. Inflorescence exactly as in M. odorata. Male flower altogether of the genus, anthers lateral on the connective which is long produced above
them rudiment of the ovary depressed globose. Fruit not seen. This appears as
an excessively developed M. odorata.
;

18.

RHYNCHOCARPA, Schroder.

Climbing herbs tendrils simple. Leaves petioled, orbicular and undivided in

the Indian species. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, very small ; males subcorymbose on a short peduncle; females solitary (rarely aggregated), subsessile,
sometimes in the same axil with the male. Male calyx-tube campanulate,
teeth 5, small ; corolla 5-partite stamens 3 (rarely 5) anthers free or united
one 1-celled, the others 2-celled cells straight ; connective crested 2-lobed or
long-produced in two points. Female: calyx and corolla as in the male;
ovary ovoid, beaked style ending in 2 rarely in 3 long stigmas ovules not
many, horizontal ; placentas 2 rarely 3, vertical. Fruit ovoid, rostrate, indehiscent.
Seeds ovoid, compressed, not very many. Distrib. Species 5; in
warmer Africa, one also in Western India.
;

It. fcetida, Schrad. in Linncea, xii.

404 foetid, scaberulous-pubescent,

globose pubescent beak nearly in., seeds 4-6. Naud. in
R. rostrata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
4, xii. 146.
105. JEchmandra rostrata, Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 274 Dalz. fy Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 100. Bryonia pilosa, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 104, Fl. Inch iii. 726. B.
filicaulis, Wall. Cat. 6713.
B. rostrata, Bottler DC. Prodr. iii. 304 Wall. Cat.
6701
W. 8r A. Prodr. 346. B. Perottetiana, Seringe in DC. I c. Trichosanthes fcetidissima, Jacq. Ic. Bar. t. 624, Melothria foetida, Lamk. Diet. iv. 87.
Cyrtonema convolvulacea and divergens, Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 286.
1.

stigmas 2, fruit
Ann. Sc.Nat. ser.

in.

Deccan Peninsula

Bottler Wight. Malabar Hills ? Stocks

Tropical Africa and Natal.
Stem somewhat stout, pubescent. Leaves 2 in. diam., orbicular or ovate, cordate,
Calyx hairy with subudentate ; petiole ^-1 in. Male racemes small, scarcely 1 in.
late teeth. Connective'of each anther produced into a long curved pointed horn. Fruit
Seeds in., distinctly margined.
bright red, 2-celled.

Guzerat

Dalzell.

Ava, Wallich.

Dr. Ritchie.

Distrib.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY

KNOWN.

E. ? dei/toidea, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 105; leaves deltoid with
spreading acute basal lobes rough above, berries smooth glabrous.
Upper Tenasserim, Attaran, Brandts Pegu and Prome, Kurz.
Not seen from the description it may be a variety of B. fcetida.
;

19.

COEALLOCARPUS,

Welw.

Climbing or prostrate herbs, scabrid or subtomentose ; tendrils simple. Leaves

petioled, roundish-cordate, somewhat thick, entire lobed or palmate.
Flower*

882

;;

628

lxv. cucuebitace^:.

(C.B.Clarke.)

[Corallocarpus.

very small, monoecious males in a small corymb at the apex of a long peduncle
females short-pedicelled or subsessile, solitary or clustered. Male calyx-tube
campanulate, lobes 5, short corolla 5-partite stamens 3, nearly sessile at the
mouth of the calyx-tube, anthers free, all 2-celled or one 1-celled ; cells
straight, oblong, lateral on the thin connective which is not produced ovary
rudimentary. Female calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary ovoid disc
stigmas 3 or 2; ovules not very' many, horizontal; placentas 3-2, vertical. Berry
Seeds not very many, ellipovoid, circumsciss near the base, usually rostrate.
soid or nearly globose, somewhat compressed, smooth or nearly so, little margined.
Distrib. Species 6, in Tropical Africa, the Persian Gulf, and Western
;

India.

C. epigaea, Hook.

in Gen. PI.

i. 831 ; leaves punctate or scabrid

ovoid suddenly contracted into the beak
distinctly pedicelled, seeds ellipsoid slightly margined.
^Echmandra epigaea,
Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 274 Wight Ic. t. 503 Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl.
100. Bryonia epigaea, Bottler; Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 619; Wall. Cat. 6709;
W. 8f A. Prodr. 346. B. glabra, Roxb. Hort Beng. 104, Fl. 2nd. iii. 725.
B. sinuata, Wall. Cat. 671 I'D.

1.

with minute

hairs, fruit ellipsoid or

Punjab, Kawul Pindee

Deccan Peninsula Bottler

E. T. Aitcheson. Scinde and Gujerat ; Balzell.

;
Wight. Belgaum Bitchie.
Ceylon Thwaites.
nearly
entire 3-5-angular or 3-5-lobed ; lobes usually broad
Leaves 2 in. diam.,
sometimes narrow, commonly roundish or sinuous on the margin ; petiole 1 in. Male
peduncle l-2 in., female \-\ in. or sometimes 1 in. Fruit in., beak \ in. more.
Seeds about six, much longer than broad.
;

2. C. conocarpa, Hook. f. in Gen. PI. i. 831 ; leaves with minute

white hairs on both surfaces hardly scabrid, fruit sessile conical not suddenly
contracted into the beak, seeds ellipsoid not margined. ^Echmandra conocarpa,
Bah. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 100? C. Fenzlii, Hook.f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 565.

G-ujerat, near Malpor and Gundar Balzell. Also in Stocks' collection probably
from Scinde. Distrib. Central Africa.
Hardly dingers from C. epigcea but in the points specified in the diagnosis. The
leaves are 5-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, acute, narrow at each end.
;

C. velutina, Hook.f. in Gen. PL i. 831 leaves shortly villous on both

and calyx villous, fruit ellipsoid sessile suddenly
narrowed into a short beak, seeds globose compressed hardly margined. ^Echmandra velutina, Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 100. ? C. etbaicus, Hook. f. in Oliv.
3.

surfaces, peduncles pedicels

Fl. Trop. Afr.

ii.

567.

Distrib. Persian Gulf and Tropical Africa ?

plant villous. Leaves 2 in. diam., subentire or more or less 3-5-lobed,
Male
lobes rounded petiole f in. Male peduncle 3 in. with 12 flowers at the top.
and female powers as in C. epigcea. Fruit in. the beak \ in. Seeds about 12, in.

Scinde

Balzell.

Whole

diam.

20.

CERASIOCARPUM, Hook.f.

Climbing glabrous herbs tendrils simple. Leaves long-petioled, oblong, corFlowers very small, monoecious male peduncle carrying a
;

date, nearly entire.

few clustered flowers at the top female flower sessile, solitary, often in the
same axil with the male. Male calyx-tube short campanulate with 5 minute
;

teeth; corolla 5-partite; stamens 3; anthers subsessile, distinct, one 1-celled,

two 2-celled ; cells oblong, lateral on the connective which is not produced

;
;
;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucurbitace^:.

C&rasiocarpum.']

rudiment of the ovary

Female: calyx and

0.

corolla as in the male; ovary

placentas vertical. Fruit
;

disc 0, stigmas 3 ; ovules few, horizontal

ellipsoid, subsessile, indehiscent, without a beak.

ovoid

629

Seeds 2-6, ovoid, smooth,

slightly compressed.

zeylanicum,

C.

1.

sessile,

ovoid

seeds

Thwaites

Enum.

Ceylon

alt.

Leaves 3-6

Hook. f. in Gen. PI. i. 832, female flower subsmooth slightly compressed. ^Echmandra zeylanica,

125.

3000-5000

ft.

Thwaites.

obtuse or acute, cordate or hastate, almost 3-lobed, entire or

undulate-denticulate; petiole -l in. Flowers \-% in. diam., yellow petals broad,
acuminate. Berry at most \ in. diam. Seeds - in. diam., little compressed, incompletely margined, 2-6 to each fruit.
in.,

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

2. C. ? penangense, C. B. Clarke; female peduncle -1 A in., seeds much compressed somewhat rugose on the faces. Bryonia heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 6704.

Pinang

Wallich.

Stems rather strong, minutely pilose

tendrils simple.
Leaves cordate-oblong,
Flowers
acute, entire slightly denticulate, scabrous above minutely hispid beneath.
monoecious, all peduncled, solitary female and racemed males from the same axil
male peduncle 1 in. with 8 small pedicels at the summit. Fruit f- in. diam.,
smooth, nearly globose. Seeds 4 to 6, in., somewhat margined, oblong. Closely
resembles C. zeylanicum except as to the peduncled female but there are no flowers
;

on Wallich's example.
leaves 3-lobed and entire, female peduncle
C. Maingayi, C. B. Clarke
seeds margined not much compressed very rugose pitted on the faces.
Malacca; MaingayTSo. 1268.
Stems nearly glabrous tendrils simple. Leaves 2 by 1 in., with three divaricate
lanceolate lobes or entire, not much cordate, scabrous on both surfaces petiole in.
Male "peduncle \\ in. with 8 minute pedicels at the summit female from the same
axil.
Stamens of the genus. Fruit -| by less than f in., oblong, subacute. Seeds
10-12, less than in. This may be a Melothria, but the long male peduncle with
short pedicels and the unproduced connective do not suit. The capsule and seeds do
not suit Cerasiocarpum.
3. ?

^-f

in.,

21.

CTENOX.EFIS,.ffoo&./.

Climbing or prostrate scabrous herbs, turning black in drying ; tendrils simple.

Leaves cordate, orbicular, 6-7-lobed ; stipuliform bracts at the axils of the
leaves large round or elliptic, ciliate or dentate. Flowei's minute, monoecious
males in small racemes on inconspicuous axile peduncles ; female solitary, shortpeduncled, in the same axil with the male. Male calyx-tube short, campanulate, lobes 5, subulate corolla 5-partite stamens 3, filaments very short
anthers free, one 1-celled, two 2-celled cells straight, connective not produced
rudiment of ovary 0. Female calyx and corolla as in the male ovary ovoid
style columnar, stigmas 2 or 3
ovules 2 or 3, horizontal
1-celled ; disc
placentas parietal. Fruit small, globose or subquadrate, oblique, indehisSeeds 2 or 3, ellipsoid, much compressed, acutely margined, somecent.
what boat-shaped. Distrib. Species 3 in India, Tropical Western Asia and
Tropical Africa. The remarkable stipuliform bracts are characteristic of this
:

genus.
1.

G-arcini, Naud.

in

Ann.

Sc. Nat. ser. 5,


630

;;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. cucurbitacej!.

[Ctenolepis.

leaf not very acute nor much longer than the others, male peduncle less than
\ in., fruit not longer than broad. Bryonia Garcini, DC. Prodr. iii. 308
Koxb. Fl Ind. iii. 727; Wall Cat. 6712; W. $ A. Prodr. 344. Zehneria

Garcini, Stocks in Hook.

Kew

Journ. Bot.

iv.

149

Dalz.

fy

Bomb.

Gibs.

Fl. 99.

Bundelxtjnd; Edgeworth. Dbccan Peninsula Bottler,&x,. Ceylon; Thwaites.

Annual stem not elongate, more or less scabrous and punctate, scarcely at all
hairy.
Leaves l-l in. diam., lobes often sinuate and lobed; petiole - in.;
stipuliform bracts |~in. and more, elliptic, with long cilia. Fruit | by \ in.
;

2. C. cerasiformis, Naud. in Ann. So. Nat. ser. 5, vi. 13 ; middle lobe

of the leaf acute longer than the others, male peduncle -1 in., fruit ellipsoid
not in the least narrowed into the peduncle. Zehneria cerasiformis, Stocks in
Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 149.

Sonde

Gtttjerat

Stocks.

Hardly distinguishable from

Lalzell.

Distrib.

Tropical and Southern Africa.

Leaves usually larger, sometimes 3 in.

C. Garcini.

diam.

DXC25X.OSFERMUZK,

22.

Q.

B. Clarke,

Leaves petioled, cordate or

climbing scabrous herb; tendrils simple.
Flowers minute
hastate, ovate, acute, little lobed.
males and females
clustered in the same axils, short-pedicelled.
Male: calyx-tube short, campanulate, teeth 5, minute ; corolla 5-partite stamens 3, filaments very short,
anthers free, one 1-celled, two 2-celled ; cells oblong, straight ; connective not
produced. Fruit small, membranous, obovoid, subtrigonous, 1-celled, with 3
basal erect seeds.
Seeds with three parallel equal cells, the two lateral empty.
;

D.

1.

XLitchiei,

Belgaum

C.

B. Clarke.

Also in Herb. Stocks doubtless from Western India.

Exceedingly like Mukia scdbrella except as to the seeds, and the flowers are
Leaves 2 by If in., scabrid and somewhat hispid on both surfaces; petiole
smaller.
in. thick, attached to the very bottom
f in. Fruit \ in. diam. Seeds by \ and
of the fruit, erect. Female flowers not seen.
;

Bitchie.

23.

Climbing herbs

THLADIANTHA, Bunye.

Leaves petioled, entire or tripubescent or nearly glabrous. Flowers

dioecious, yellow, large or small.
Male peduncles in the fully developed plant
paired, one 1-flowered ebracteate caducous, the other racemed the flowers with
or without bracts; female peduncle elongate, 1-flowered, ebracteate.
Male:
calyx-tube shortly campanulate, the bottom shut by a horizontal scale segments 5, lanceolate corolla campanulate, 5-partite, segments revolute about
half-way down
filaments 5, inserted near the mouth of the calyx-tube
anther 1-celled, narrow-oblong, straight. Female calyx and corolla as in the
male ovary oblong, style deeply 3-fid with 3 reniform stigmas ovules many,
horizontal
placentas 3, vertical.
Fruit ellipsoid, obtuse, indehiscent, green,
cylindric with vertical ribs.
Seeds many, horizontal, small, obovoid, compressed, smooth.
Distkib. Species 2, Bengal, Malaya, China.
;

tendrils simple, rarely 2- fid.

partite, deeply cordate, denticulate, softly

The generic character is here widened to include the Khasia species. As in most
Cucurbits with paired male peduncles, either the simple or the racemed one is often
wanting, and the two do not flower together the simple peduncle generally falls off
;

;;

Thhdiantha."]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. ctjcurbitacej:.

The

by the time the racemed one

is in blossom.
T. dubia besides the normal large male flowers
found.

much

631

corolla is slightly oblique ; in

smaller imperfect ones are often

1. T. dubia, JSunge JSnum. PI. Chin. JBor. 29; leaves deeply cordate ovate
acute undivided, male racemes with prominent bracts, petals in. golden
yellow. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 150, t. 10 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5469 ; Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 102.
Momordica calcarata, Wall. Cat. 6740.
Gymnopetalum Horsfieldii and piperifolium, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 680.

Plain of East Bengal common, ascending to 8000 ft. in the hills. The female
plant is rare and has never been collected in the plains. Pegu Kurz. Distrib.
Malaya, China.
A large climber. Leaves 4 by 1\ in., denticulate, not at all angular, usually
villous beneath sometimes nearly glabrous petiole 1^ in.
Tendrils simple in all the
wild examples, but in Naudin's strong cultivated plants bifid. Male racemes 2-3 in.,
flowers approximated, bracts serrate or incise-serrate
calyx-teeth very narrow;
filaments minutely hairy.
Female peduncle 2-3 in., more or less hairy young
ovary densely woolly. Fruit 1^ by ^ in., glabrous, obtuse at both ends. Seeds
scarcely J in.
There is an admirable picture of this plant amongst Roxburgh's
drawings.

2.

and
less

T. Kookeri,

tripartite

than

leaves deeply cordate-ovate acute entire

C. B. Clarke
with lanceolate segments, male racemes without bracts, petals
;

in.

Assam; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 769, 2553).

Myrung and Nunklow H.f. $ T.

KhasiaMts.,

alt.

4000-6000

ft.

A large climber tendrils simple. Leaves polymorphous, acute, resembling altogether those of T. dubia, but generally less hairy and thinner, or tripartite, with segments 4 by If in., the two lateral lobes very cordate and auricled on the outer base
petiolules hardly in. petiole 2 in. The female flower in Griffith's example resembles
that of T. dubia but is smaller though the petals are slightly more than in
peduncle about 1 in. Male race rmes \\ in., slender; flowers pedicelled, scattered,
yellow; petals scarcely \ in. these small flowers probably correspond to the small
imperfect males often found in T. dubia if so the large perfect males of T. Hookeri
are as yet unknown. Fruit (and seeds) altogether like those of T. dubia, but rather
smaller, 1^ in. The ebracteate male raceme of this with pedicels in. is exceedingly
unlike that of T. dubia: but in all other points they appear congeneric, and the
habit is the same.
;

EDGARIA,

24.

C.

B. Clarke.

large scandent herb tendrils 2-fid.

Leaves petioled, entire, ovate, acute,
deeply cordate, more or less pubescent. Flowers large, dioecious, yellow. Male
peduncles paired, one 1-flowered caducous, the other racemed bracts
or inconspicuous; female peduncle elongate, 1-flowered. Male: calyx-tube elongate, funnel-shaped, teeth 5, subulate
corolla deeply 5-partite, with obovate
acute segments stamens 3, included in the calyx-tube filaments exceedingly
short anthers connate into a cylindric tube, one 1-celled, two 2-celled cells
straight, linear-oblong, connective not appendaged.
Female calyx and
corolla as in the male
ovary narrow-obovoid, 3-celled style long, stigmas 3,
oblong, 2-fid ovules 1-3 superimposed in each cell, horizontal or subpendulous.
Capsule large, broadly fusiform, trigonous, 3-celled, fibrous, dry, 3
valved, valves dehiscing downwards and leaving the trigonous central axis.
Seeds 1-3 in each cell, pendulous, compressed, subquadrate, large, corrugate or
somewhat 3-lobed at the lower end and faces when dry.
;


632

1. E. darjeeling-ensis,
Gymnopetalum sp. 5, Herb. Ind.

Gurwhal;

Sikkim,

Falconer.

[Fdgaria*

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxv. CUCURBITACE2E.

C. B. Clarke in Journ. IAnn. Soc. xv.

Or., H. f. 8f T.
alt.,

5000-8000

ft.,

very common; J. B. H.

114.
C.B.

Clarke.

Leaves 4 by 3 in., serrate and denticulate petiole 3 in. Male raceme 6 in.,,
female 3-4 in.
Calyx-tube f in. Petals in., widely patent. Fruit 3 by l^in., somewhat pilose, with 2 wavy vertical ribs on each face. Seed | by and
in. thick.
;

GOMPHOGYNE,

25.

Griff.

Climbing, weak, succulent herbs, tendrils 2-fid or simple. Leaves petioled,

pedate, with 5-7 lanceolate serrate leaflets.
Flowers small, monoecious (sometimes at least), males racemed ; females panicled or clustered. Malts : calyx
rotate, 5-partite, with, oblong segments ; corolla 5-partite, with elongate erose
segments stamens 5, filaments united at the base ; anthers globose, 1-celled,
straight.
Female: calyx produced above the ovary and corolla as in the
male ; corolla-segments caudate ; ovary top-shaped, 1-celled ; styles 3, 2-fid
at the apex ; ovules 3, pendulous.
Capsule top-shaped, 3-valved at the wide
truncate summit, crowned by the persistent styles. Seeds 3 (2-1), ellipsoid,
little compressed, black, obscurely margined.
Distrib. Species 2, one in the
Himalaya one in Burma.
;

G. cissiformis,

1.

lent in.

rounded

Canto?', p. 26; capsule somewhat succuin. oblong with scaly tubercles on the

faces.

Gtjrwhal,

Griff. PI.

wide at the summit, seeds

alt.

Winterbottom.

7500

ft.

Sikkim,

Madden. Ktjmaon alt. 7000 ft. Edgeworth, Strachey

5000-7000 ft.;. Lachoong, J. B. H.; Doobdi, C. B.

alt.

Clarke.

Leaves 2^ in. diam., glabrous or slightly pubescent; petiole 1-1| in.

Male
racemes 1-6 in., often compound (or appearing so), towards the end of leafless branchlets.
Females clustered near the axils or on panicles 2-4 in.
Capsule in.
2. Gr. heterosperma, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1878, pt. ii. 105 ; capsule dry 9-ribbed \ in. wide at the summit, seed in. ovoid rugose-lacunose

Zanonia? heterosperma, Wall. Cat. 3/28.

Burma

at Taong-dong ; WalUch.
;
leaves and inflorescence closely resemble G. cissiformis.
but narrow linear-oblong.

The

26.

ACTINOSTEMMA,

The capsule is

\ in. r

Griff.

climbing weak herb tendrils simple and 2-fid. Leaves petioled, deeply
cordate or hastate, elongate, much toothed, nearly glabrous. Flowers small,
monoecious, in lax axillary panicles, pedicels jointed about their middle; panicles
frequently male with a few females near the base. Male calyx rotate, 5;

with lanceolate-linear segments corolla 5-partite, segments lanceolatecaudate stamens 5, free connective dilated-papillose on one side with a narrow
straight oblong anfher-cell on the other.
Female calyx and corolla as in the
male
ovary subglobose, verrucose, 1-celled
style short, with 2 reniform.
partite,

stigmas

ovules 2-4, pendulous,

superior, covered

with rough

subparietal.

Capsule

ovoid-conical, halfSeeds 2-4,

above the middle.

compressed, ovate, corrugated and denticulate on the margin.
points,. circuinsciss


Actmostemma.']

lxv. cucurbitace^!.

(C. B. Clarke.)

633

A. tenerum,

Griff. PL Cantor. 25; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.

Mitrosicyos lobatus, Maxim, in Prim. Fl. Amur. 112, t. vii.
Pomasterion japonicurn, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 80. Sicyos oxyacanthus,
Wall. Cat. 6683. Momordica Paina, Wall. Cat. 6742. Oucurbitacese, Wall.
Cat. 9060.
1.

5, v. 39.

Plain of East Bengal, frequent. Assam. Silhet. Distrib. Amurland, Japan.

Leaves 4 by 2 in., acute, scarcely lobed in the Bengal specimens, palmately lobed
in Maximowicz' petiole often 2 in.
Panicles 3-6 in. Fruit f by | in., not at all
trigonous, upper part muricated as well as the lower.
Seeds by in.
;

27.

A climbing herb
serrate,

GYNOSTEMMA, Blame.

tendrils simple. Leaves pedate; leaflets 3-6, ovate-lanceolate,

Flowers small, dioecious, in axillary diffuse panicles,
calyx short, with 5 small lobes ; corolla rotate, 5-partite,
;

membranous.

greenish. Male :
with lanceolate segments; stamens 5, filaments connate below; anthers 2Female calyx and corolla as in the male ; ovary
celled ; cells long, straight.
spherical, 3-2-celled ; styles 3-2, united at the base, at the apex 2-fid
ovules
in each cell 2, pendulous. Fruit globose; size of a pea, umbonate, indehiscent,
1-3-seeded. Seed not winged, verrucose, submuricate.
:

1. G. pedata, Blume Bijd. 23

leaflets glabrous beneath or slightly
pubescent, panicles more or less pubescent. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii. 687.
G. cissoides, pedata and Wightiana, Bth. fy Hk. f. Gen. PI. i. 839. Enkylia
digyna and trigyna, Griff. PL Cantor. 27. Zanonia Wightiana, Am. in Hook.
Journ. Bot. ii. 272. Z. cissoidea and laxa, Wall. PL As. Bar. ii. 28, 29;
Wall. Cat. 3726, 3727. Z. pedata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 683. Pestalozzia
pedata, Zoll. et Mor. Syst. Verz. 31. P. laxa, Thwaites JEnum. 124.
;

Ktjmaon

Winterbottom. Nipal ; Wallich. Sikxjm, Assam, Khasia,

Ceylon ; Thwaites. Distbib. Malaya, Japan.
Leaflets 5 or 3 by 1^2 in., lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate ; petiolules ^-^ in.
petiole 1-H in., often pubescent with a line of crisped hairs.
Panicles usually 3-6 in., sometimes 15 in. by nearly a foot broad, leafless.
Styles
3 and 2 on the same plant. Fruit in. diam., glabrous or puberulous.
Seed in.,
ellipsoid, subtrapezoid.

common up

Strachey

5000 ft. alt.

Glabrous or pubescent.
to

28.

ZANONIA, Linn.

Climbing herbs ; tendrils simple. Leaves long-petioled, simple, ovate or oblong. Flowers dioecious, in large compound pendulous racemes, males pedicelled,
females subsessile.
Male: sepals 3, oblong or orbicular, concave; corolla
rotate, 5-partite, segments subacute ; stamens 5, free, inserted on a fleshy disc,
filaments very short; anthers 1-celled, transversely oblong.
Female: calyx
and corolla as in the male ; ovary subclavate, at first 3-celled, styles 3, spreading, 2-fid at the apex ovules in each cell 2 or many, pendulous, attached in 2
series to a fleshy parietal placenta.
Capsule large, elongate-cylindric, clavate,
3-valved at the truncate apex. Seeds large, oblong, pendulous, compressed,
;

surrounded by a large membranous wing.

to Borneo.

Distkib. Species 2-3, extending-

from India

1. Z. indica, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 298 ; leaves ovate rounded or cordate
at the base glabrous or nearly so, fruit 4 in., seeds few pendulous from the summit of the fruit (Dalzell) wing 2-3 in. Lamk. III. t. 816 ; Blume Bijd. 937

634

lxv. cucuRBiTACEiE.

W. # A.

i.

pt.

i.

[Zanonia.

Wight HI. t. 103 i Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.

682.-^Rheede Hort. Mai. viii. t. 47, 48, 49.

Prodr. 340

2nd. Bat.

(0. B. Clarke.)

FL

99

Miq. Fl.

Assam and East Bengal

Deccan Peninsula
Wight. Malabar
Griffith.
Stocks, Law, Dalzell.
Ceylon not uncommon up to 2000 ft., Thwaites.
;

Mts.

Distrib. Malaya.
Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., usually acute; petiole 1 in. Male flowers very small,
Ovary early becoming 1female flowers including the ovary in.
pedicels ^-\ in.
celled by the separation of the 3 fleshy placentas which only at first meet in its centre.
in. thick.
Seeds much compressed, hardly
;

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
?Zanonia; leaves 5 by 2
Chittagong ; H.

f.

T.

narrow-oblong rounded at the base, tendrils

in.

The example contains neither flowers nor

fruit,

lateral.

but has

Zanonia to which genus the collectors referred it in the field.

species of the genus (collected by Beccari in Borneo) has the seed
(including the wings) 6 in. broad curved lunate.

all the appearance of

The only other

29.

ALSOMITBA, Bth. $ Hk.f,

Large climbers; tendrils simple or 2-fid.

Leaves with 3 oblong entire
Flowers small, dioecious, white, in compound panicles, with filiform
branches. Male
calyx rotate, 5-partite, segments oblong, acute
corolla
stamens 5, filaments short, near together at
rotate, 5-partite, segments obtuse
the base anthers small, oblong, straight, 1-celled. Female calyx and corolla
as in the male
ovary elongate-clavate, 1-celled
styles 3-4, conical, with
semi-lunate stigmas ovules very many, pendulous placentas 3, thick, vertical,
Capsule large, elongate-clavate, truncate and 3-valved at the apex.
parietal.
leaflets.

many, compressed, vertical, in six rows, much corrugated, incised or

horned on the margin with a terminal membranous wing longer than the seed
or 0. Distrib. Species 3-5, extending from Nipal through Malaya to North
Seeds very

Australia.

A. sarcophylla, Hook. f.

in Gen. PL i. 840; leaves very fleshy, fruit

at the top, seeds including the wing in. very verrucose on the
faces.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1878, pt. ii. 106. Zanonia sarcophylla, Wall. PI. As. Ear. t. 133 ; Cat. 3724.
1.

If by |
rounded

in.

Bir,ma ; from Mandalay to Prome, Wallich, Kurz. Distrib. Siam.

Leaflets 2 by If in., obtuse petiolule scarcely \ in.
Seeds black, not much compressed, narrowed nearly to a point at the base with 2 flat thin (not 2-fid) curved
horns at the apex, between which rises the wing.
;

A. clavig-era, Hook. f. in Gen. PL i. 840 ; leaves herbaceous, fruit

| in. at the top, seeds including the wing 1 in. slightly muricate on the
Zanonia clavigera, Wall. PL As. Par. ii. p. 28, partly ? ; Cat. 3725.
flat faces.
2.

3 by

Sikkim, ascending to 4000

3000-4000

ft.;

H.

/.

T.

ft., J. D. H., Gamble, C. B. Clarke.

Khasia Mts., alt.
Silhet Wallich. Tenasserim Heifer (Kew Distrib.
;

No. 2520).

by

acute; petiolule often exceeding \ in.

Seeds yellowish-white,
much flattened, with several deep triangular spinose teeth at the apex, teeth of 2
lamellae, between which the wing is inserted, split in the plane of complanation of the
fruit, and the wing springing from these narrow splits.
Wallich's description of the
seed of Z. clavigera is incorrect and appears to be taken from that of Z. indica,
which grows in the same locality.
Leaflets 3

lj^-jn.,

;;

lxvi. begoniace^.

Begonia."]

635

(C. B. Clarke.)

KhgfKa Mts., alt. 3000-4800 ft.

seeds without any wing.
Var. ? Hookeri
The example is a stout leafless one with large ripe fruits. The seeds are
J. D. H.
in situ in the capsule so that the wing cannot have been broken off (as happens with
seeds of Zanonia kept separate). This may be an accidental var. of A. clavigera or it

may be a new

species.

BEGONIACEJE.

Order LXVI.

(By 0. B.

Clarke.)

Succulent herbs or undershrubs stem often reduced to a rhizome or tuber.

Leaves alternate (sometimes falsely whorled in B. verticillata), more or less
unequal-sided, entire toothed or lobed ; stipules 2, free, frequently deciduous.
Peduncles axillary, divided into dichotomous cymes, the branches and bracts
at their divisions generally opposite. Flowers white rose or yellow, showy,
sometimes small, monoecious. Male perianth (of the only Indian genus) of 2
outer valvate opposite sepaloid segments, and 2-0 inner smaller segments
stamens indefinite often very many, free or monadelphous, anthers narrowly
obovoid.
Female: perianth (of the only Indian genus) of 5-2 segments.
Ovary inferior (in Hildebrandia half-superior), 2-3-4-celled placentas vertical,
axile (at the time of aestivation), divided or simple
styles 2-4, free or combined at the base, stigmas branched or tortuous; ovules very many. Fruit
capsular, more rarely succulent, often winged, variously dehiscing or irregularly
breaking up. Seeds very many, minute, globose or narrow cylindric, testa reticulated
albumen very scanty or 0. -Distrib. Species 400 (of which 398
belong to the genus Begonia), in all tropical moist countries ; not yet met with
in Australia.
;

1.

BEGONIA,

Linn.

Character of the Order.

Sect. I. Casparya.
Stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous anthers
narrowly oblong, connective slightly produced, obtuse. Ovary 4-celled (in B.
Candollei 3-celled), placentas 2-fid or 2-partite.
Fruit more or less fleshy, not
dehiscing on the faces carpels not much compressed, nor having their backs
produced into a thin wing. (None small leaves in all very unequal at the
;

base.)
1. 8. Roxburgh!!, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 398; stem lengthened with
inflorescence clustered near the axils, leaves ovate nearly glabrous sinuate-toothed
scarcely serrate, fruit subpyramidal 4-celled very succulent angles obtuse ending
in 4 small horns upwards. Kurz in Journ. As.Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 107. B. malabarica, Roxb. Fl. hid. iii. 648, not of Lamk. Diploclinium Roxburghii, Miq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 692.
Casparya? oligocarpa and polvcarpa, DC. Prodr. xv.
pt. i. 276, 277.

From Nepal to Burma not uncommon in North and East Bengal with Assam,
ascending to 4000 ft.
Root fibrous, not tuberous. Stem usually 1-3 ft., erect, succulent, glabrous or
minutely pubescent when young. Leaves 6-9 in., acuminate, glabrous or minutely
pubescent on the nerves of both surfaces petiole 2-5 in. stipules lanceolate, glabrous, deciduous.
Cymes short, axillary, dichotomous, with narrow lanceolate linear
bracts, often few-flowered, producing but one or two fruits from each axil. Male Fl.:
sepals 2, large, glabrous, nearly white; petals usually 2, smaller than the sepals,
white or nearly so
stamens about 50. Female ovary cells 4 placentas very
;

636

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxyi. begoniace^;.

[Begonia.

thick, succulent, equally 2-partlte

styles 4, 2-fid nearly from the base, stigmas
winding spirally with 3 turns. Fruit - in. diam pendent ; walls very thick, sucSeeds shortly ellipsoid, someculent, indehiscent or finally dehiscent at the angles.
;

what obovoid. Cathcart Ic. Ined. represents the cells of the ovary as occasionally
3 which is not improbable,^ his artist may have confounded B. Candollei (No. 4)
with the present

species.

2. B. silhetensis, C. B. Clarke) stemless, inflorescence shorter than

the petioles, leaves ovate finely denticulate hardly serrate or lobed, fruit globose
thick-walled 4-celled densely covered with shaggy brown hair. B. gigantea,
Casparya ? silhetensis, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 277.
Wall. Cat. 3677 B.
Begonia sp., Wall. Cat. 9107.

Khasia Mts.
Cachab; Keenan.

Wallich.

East Bengal;

Griffith

(Kew

Distrib.

No.

2569).

Eootstock short, thick, fibrous on all sides, scarcely tuberous. Leaves 6 in.,
broadly ovate, not acuminate, shaggy on both surfaces in Griffith's examples, only
slightly hairy in Wallich's.
Petiole 6-18 in., hirsute in Griffith's examples, less
hairy in Wallich's.
Scapes 2-4 in., 1-7-flowered. Male sepals 2, hairy without,
^ in. in Griffith's examples, smaller nearly glabrous in "Wallich's petals 2, smaller
than the sepals, glabrous; stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous, anthers narrowly oblong.
Female styles bifid with tortuose stigmas. Fruit in. and
upwards in diam., globose or ovoid, without angles or protuberances. Seeds many,
shining brown, shortly ellipsoid.
Griffith's No. 2569 (with which Wallich's No. 3677
B agrees), differs considerably in hairiness and in size of the flower from Wallich/s
No. 9107 on which A. DC. founded his Casparyal silhetensis: two species are possibly here mixed, but the material is not sufficient to justify a new species.
:

3. B. tessaricarpa, C. B. Clarke ; nearly stemless, inflorescence much

shorter than the petioles, leaves ovate nearly glabrous sinuate-denticulate hardly
serrate, fruit subpyramidal 4-celled laxly hairy, carpels acutely keeled and
ending upwards in a short linear patent horn.

Assam

Griffith

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2586).

Creeping stem 0-2 in. Leaves 2-4 in., broadly ovate, glabrous or minutely pubescent on the nerves beneath; petiole 6-12 in., pubescent upwards. Inflorescence
2-4 in. Flowers much smaller and fruit less succulent than in B. Boxburghii. Fruit
about in. diam., slightly pubescent. This solitary example may be possibly a
stunted example of B. Boxburghii, from which it does not differ in any essential
particular though it is very unlike it in general aspect ; the seeds are alike.

4. B. inflata, C. B. Clarke; stem lengthened, inflorescence axillary,

leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous or nearly so sinuate-dentate scarcely serrate,

fruit 3-celled.

Darjeeling, alt. 3000 ft.; C. B. Clarke. Bhotan? Griffith (Kew Distrib. No.
2587).
Erect, 3-4 ft., branched.
Leaves 4 by 1^-li in., acuminate, very unequally
cordate ; petiole - in. ; stipules lanceolate-subulate, glabrous. Flowers in short
axillary dichotomous cymes from several axils on each branch
bracts lanceolatesubulate.
Male sepals 2, white, obovate, glabrous petals 2, linear-obovate stamens about 50, scarcely monadelphous anthers narrow-oblong; connective produced,
obtuse.
Female perianth of 4 segments ovary 3-celled, placentas 2-fid. Fruit
in. diam., trigonous or almost triquetrous; carpels round, as it were inflated, with
a narrow line down the back, glabrous or nearly so, indehiscent or probably at
length dehiscing down the ridges as in B. Boxburghii.
Seeds short, ellipsoid somewhat obovoid. Griffith's examples are in good fruit but the locality is doubtful his
"
ticket is marked
Umb. ascent. 4 day."
;

:;

lxvi. begoniaceje.

Begonia.]
5.

B. Dux,

Moulmein

^^^

637

stem lengthened? inflorescence axillary not

B. Clarke
with scattered hairs above deirti.
ewhat cjlia

C.

difluse, leaves ovate

(C. B. Clarke.)

Moolee alt. 6000 ft. Parish.

Stem exceeding a foot, succulent, tubercular. Leaves 8 in., acuminate, much
auricled on one side at the base, somewhat angular, pubescent on the neryes
beneath; petiole 4 in., pubescent upwards; stipules in., ovate-lane* olate, glabrous,
persistent.
Flowers (all male in the solitary example) large, glabrous, in shortfewflowered cymes with bracts resembling the stipules.
Sepals 2, round petalf* 2,* narrower. Stamens very many, shortly monadelphous anthers narrow-oblong connec;

tive hardly produced.

it

may be

erect tall

The

a Platycentrum

stem

section is doubtful, the female flowers being unknown

Parish remarks that it looks like B. Bex ; but the thick

differs.

Sect. II. Alaecida. Fruit triquetrous, faces with a medial line carpels
dehiscing dorsally, angles with short subequal wings below the middle; placentas
Small small-flowered plants filaments monadelphous ; styles connate.
divided.
;

6.

B. alaecida,

C.

B. Clarke; stem branched, cymes elongate subpro-

liferous laxly pubescent, fruit inflated glandular-pubescent.

Moulmein; Parish.
Bootstock small, fibrous.
Stem 3 in., nearly glabrous. Leaves l-4 in.
diam., cordate, round, minutely denticulate, puberulous-punctate above, nearly
glabrous beneath petiole l-2 in. stipules ovate, acute, minute.
Cymes 3-6 in.,
weak, somewhat panicled bracts small, ovate, persistent, with lax hairs.
Male :
sepals 2, round petals 2, narrow-oblong ; stamens not very many ; anthers very
Female styles united a long way, stigmas
short, obovoid connective not produced.
Capsule scarcely \ in. broad including the
lunate; ovary with glandular hairs.
wings, ripe green, with 6 lines equally diverging from the base of the styles.
Seeds short, ellipsoid.
;

7. B. tricuspidata, C. B. Clarke stem short or 0, leaves ovate crenate

puberulous on the nerves beneath, scape pubescent, capsule stellately tri;

cuspidate glabrous.

Moulmein; Parish.
Stem sometimes 1-2 in., pubescent. Leaves round or
Bootstock small, fibrous.
ovate, somewhat cordate, crenate or nearly entire, with scattered minute hairs above
Cymes 2-3 in., minutely pubescent;
petiole 5-I in., pubescent; stipules minute.
bracts ovate, minute. Male sepals 2, obovate petals 2, narrowly obovate stamens
not many ; anthers very short, ovoid connective not produced. Female perianth of
4 segments, much as in the male: styles combined below, each with two curved
Capsule less than \ in. broad including the wings, with six lines equally
branches.
diverging from the base of the styles, wings acute. Seeds very small, shortly
:

ellipsoid.

stem short or 0, leaves ovate serrate or

8. B. triradiata, C. B. Clarke
doubly crenate glabrous and white beneath, scape glabrous, capsule stellately
3-rayed glabrous.
;

Moulmein;

Parish.
Bootstock a small cluster of tubers.

Stem Q-\ in., glabrous. Leaves |-1|- in.,

cordate, incise-crenate, minutely pilose above; petiole \-% in., glabrous;
2-3
lanceolate.
small,
Cymes
in.,
glabrous; bracts small, lanceolate, glastipules
Flowers fruit and seeds closely resembling those of
brous, persistent ; flowers pink.

somewhat

B. tricuspidata.
Sect. III.

Knesebeckia

Capsule 3-celled, triquetrous, the angles pro-

duced into three often Unequal papery wings

faces flat

with a rib or

line

down

;;
;

^M

638
the

(O.B.Clarke.)

lxv!
::'

imcli

tiling away of 2 or 3 of the faces; placentasmonadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not

^-d^^HHH^^^HHRy
produced.

[Begonia.

^Br
|rawfeniale flower 5

^^^^^^HHnmest

or 0.

(rarely 6) ; imbricate, inner smaller, inner-

Sect. Knesebeckia

A. DO.

wm&vary and young capsule very pubescent.

(See also 12. B. Josephi.)

leaves ovate acuminate, capsule with

9. B. picta, Sm. Exot. Bat. t. 101
one wing much elongate. Hook. Exot. Fl. ii. t. 89 Wall. Cat. 3685 B and
part of A; Bot. Mag. t. 2962; A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 312. B. echinata,
Boyle III. 313, t. 80. B. erosa, Wall Cat. 3688, partly.
;

Himalaya,

alt.

2000-6000

ft.

from

Kunawur

to

Bhotan, frequent.

Khasia

Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft, H.f. $ T. Throughout Chota Nagpub, alt. 1000-4200 ft.
C. B. Clarke.
Bootstock of one or few tubers; plant 6-15 in., the inflorescence scarcely
exceeding the leaves, stem glabrous or obscurely pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 2-3 in.,
nearly equally cordate, doubly finely serrate, pilose above, villous on the nerves
beneath
petiole of the cauline leaf usually 1 in. at least ; stipules lanceolate,
Peduncle more or less pubescent upwards
hairy, scarcely exceeding the leaves.
Male outer segments 2, pubesbracts oblong -lanceolate, persistent, pubescent,
cent ; petals 2, smaller stamens shortly monadelphous, about 30 ; anthers obovoid ; connective not produced. Female perianth of 5 segments, outer larger, pubescent.
Styles 3, nearly separate, divided half way up into two tortuose branches.
Capsule large, 1 in., usually pubescent, sometimes nearly glabrous when quite ripe;
one wing \ in. broad, another | in., the third 1| in. in a large example; styles
wings slightly ascending, dehiscing by the three faces falling off. Seeds
persistent
Flowers pale rose, medium large
light brown, shortly ellipsoid.
leaves often
;

variegated.
10. B, Satrapis, C. B. Clarke ; leaves reniforni or shortly ovate-cordate
not acute, capsule with 3 wings no one of them greatly elongate.

Sikkim

above the Kungait,

alt.

2000

ft.

Herb.

Griffith,

C.

B.

Clarke, Dr.

Treutler.

Stem erect, usually elongate above the leaves, pubesBootstock of a few tubers.
whole plant 12-18 in. Leaves 2-3 by 3-4 in., nearly equally cordate, minutely
denticulate-ciliate, closely pubescent above, rufous-villous on the nerves beneath
stipules lanceolate,
petiole of the cauline leaf usually short often less than 1 in.
pubescent. Peduncle elongate, very pubescent, bright rose-red, often rising 6 in.
above the highest leaf; bracts oblong-lanceolate, persistent, very hairy, laciniate,
sometimes divided to the base. Male: sepals 2, pubescent; petals 2, smaller; stamens shortly monadelphous, about 50 anthers obovoid connective not produced.
Female: perianth of 5 (or 6) segments, outer larger, pubescent; styles 3, nearly
Capsule large, veryseparate, each divided half-way up into two tortuose branches.
pubescent, length | in., wings not very unequal about \ in. broad (but the capsule
(not
well
ripe)
like
those of B. picta but narrower.
not well ripe). Seeds
very
beautiful plant with bright rose flowers.
cent,

** Ovary and capsule glabrous (except sometimes in 12, B. Josephi).

11. B. Evansiana, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 627; stem elongate, leaves
ovate-cordate acute unequal at the base, bracts glabrous oblong-obovate, capsule with three unequal wings.
Bot, Mag. t. 1473; A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i.
313.
B. obliqua, Thunb. ; Banks Ic. Kcsmpf. t. 20.
B. sinensis, A. DC. I.e.

ex descr.

,(C. B. Clarke.)

lxvi. begoniacejE.

Begonia.']

Pinang

639

Evans ex Andrews.

Distrib. Java, China, Japan.

Stem 2 ft., nearly glabrous peduncles from the
upper axils, elongate, several times dichotomous. Leaves^-6 in., somewhat angular
and denticulated ; petiole 2-6 in. stipules ovate -lanceolate, glltorous. Flowers, bracts,
and pedicels rose. Male sepals 2, round, glabrous petals 2, smaller; stamens very
many (more than 50), long monadelphous anthers obovoid connective not produced.
Female perianth-segments" 5, glabrous, inner smaller ; styles 3, nearly distinct,
Capsule f by 1% in. including
divided about half-way into two tortuous branches.
the wings, the faces ribbed down the. middle ; styles persistent; wings shghtly
ascending ; capsule dehiscing by two valves on each face, one valve on either side of
the central rib. There is no example from Pinang in the Kew Herbarium.
;

Rootstock tuberous (ex A.

DC).

B. Joseph!, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 313; little hairy, leaves ovate
unequal at the base peltate (at least when young), capsule 3-winged, one
wing much the longer. B. scutata, Wall. Cat. 3686 A, not of A. DC.
12.

little

Sikkim,

3000-8000

alt.

ft.,

the commonest species.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4000-

6000 ft.; H.f.J- T.

Very variable in size and habit, stemless or stem leafy, always easily recognised
by the peltate leaves. Rootstock of one or few tubers. Stem generally 0. Radical
leaves (on petioles 4-10 in.) often 6 in., sometimes nearly regularly ovate acuminate,
acutely 3-lobed or orbicular with numerous acute lobes, serrate or doubly serrate or
less often almost entire, usually nearly glabrous but often slightly pubescent on the
nerves beneath sometimes weakly pilose above stipules ovate, deciduous, glabrous
Scape 1 ft., usually repeatedly dichotomous with long lower branches,
or nearly so.
soon entirely naked bracts caducous, caulescent and leafy flowers rather small,
Male sepals 2, caducous petals 2, smaller stamens shortly monadelphous,
rose.
anthers obovoid connective not produced. Female
sometimes 8-30
perianthsegments 4-6 styles 3, nearly separate, 2-fid near the top, stigmas in large specimens
Capsule
by
in.
including
the
wings,
simple
lunate.
in
small
styles
2 tortuous,
^
^
persistent, upper margin of the wing horizontal, narrow between the two very
narrow wings, the other faces broader below dehiscing first by 4 lines, two on
Seeds short-ellipsoid. All three varieeither side of each of the two narrow wings.
ties are equally common in Sikkim and pass into each other: only the typical
has been collected in Khasia. The plant is believed to be very plentiful in West
Bhotan and East Nipal, but all the numerous Himalayan examples at Kew are
from Sikkim itself. As regards the name Wallich's Begonias are greatly mixed
even on the same sheets. The three sheets of No. 3686 at Kew are B. scutata,
A. DC, but the type sheet of B. scutata No. 3686 in the Linnsean Society's Herbarium is B. Josephi, A. DC, which is also mixed with B. picta in the sheet of
3685 A.
Var. 1. typica', peduncles elongated, leaves large often lobed, ovary flowers and
;

capsule glabrous. B. Josephi, A. DC. I. c.

1. c.
ovary flowers and capsule with lax hairs.
Var. 2. macrocarpa, A.
Both large and very small plants occur with a hairy ovary the fruit is not larger
than in the typical form.
Var. 3. minima scape 2-3 in., leaf small without lobes, ovary usually glabrous.

DC

not B;
13. B. pedunculosa. Wall. PL As. Par. 82, t. 97; Cat. 3672
caulescent with subterminal inflorescence, leaves narrow-oblong acute from an
unequally cordate base pilose above, stipules and bracts persistent. A. DC.
Prodr. xv. pt. i. 314.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-6000 ft., frequent. Bhotan ; Griffith.

Stem erect, 4-8 in., usually with some
Rootstock tuberous, or elongate woody.
brown hairs and zigzag, not unfrequently bearing bulbils in the upper axils. Leaves
2-3 in., sharply doubly-serrate, pubescent on the nerves beneath petiole usually
short (less than 1 in.) but sometimes elongate stipules -\ in., ovate, acute, ciliate.
Cyme repeatedly dichotomous ; bracts ovate, acute, ciliate flowers small, rose-red.
;

640

lxvi. .begoniacejE.

(C. B- Clarke.)

[Begonia.

Male sepals 2, glabrous or nearly so petals 2, smaller stamens shortly monadelphous, about 30, anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female perianth,
lobes 4-5, persistent, somewhat enlarged on the fruit; ovary glabrous; styles 3
Capsule scarcely
nearly separate, dividbd near the top into two curved branches.
by f-i in. including' the wing, upper margin of the longest wing horizontal capsule
dehiscing by its three faces falling off Seeds short-ellipsoid.
:

B. surculigrera, Kurz

in Flora 1871, 296 weak, caulescent with

cordate-ovate crenate and denticulate, bracts minute ovate persistent, capsule with 3 subequal wings.
14.

terrflinal inflorescence, leaves

British

Burma

Akyab and Arracan, on low sandstone

3-10

hills,

Kurz.

glabrous or slightly glandular-pubescent, frequently

Leaves l-l by l-l in., nearly
proliferous, or the peduncle going off into a runner.
[glabrous, obscurely acuminate, obtuse at the apex, base equal or unequal petiole \ in.
Peduncle weak, terminal, dichotomous, lax, slightly
stipules small, ovate, glabrous.
Flowers small (white ex Kurz). Male: sepals 2, obovate,
glandular-pubescent.
petals 2, much smaller
stamens monaglabrous or with few paleaceous hairs
delphous, about 8, anthers obovoid, connective apiculate, but not produced. Female:
v
p erianth-segments 5 ovary 3-celled, glabrous, placentas bipartite {Kurz) styles 3,
Capsule less than f by
nearly distinct, divided only near the top, stigmas lunate.
| in. including the wings, styles deciduous in the few examples seen, upper margin of
Seeds short- ellipsoid.
the wings convex, dehiscing by its three faces.

Weak,

succulent,

in.,

15. B. modestiflora, Kurz in Flora 1871, 296; caulescent, inflorescence terminal elongate and panicled in fruit, leaves ovate-acuminate from a
very oblique base denticulate-serrate nearly glabrous, capsule unequally 3winged. B. parviflora, Wall. Cat. 3674.

Morung Hills, Nipal; Hamilton. British Burma Akyab on sandstone rocks,

Kurz. Moulmein on limestone rocks, Parish. Distrib. Yunan.
Glabrous or nearly so. Root stock tuberous. Stem erect, sometimes a foot.
Leaves 3-4 by 2 in., not lobed, caudate-acuminate, base very unequally cordate or
stipules small, lanceolate.
Cymes
very obliquely subtruncate petiole 1^-2| in.

bracts small, lanceolate, ciliate, caducous ;

elongate, narrow, slightly panicled
sepals 2, petals 2, smaller stamens (about
flowers numerous, small, white. Male
12), free ex Kurz (distinctly monadelphous ex Parish), anthers obovoid, connective
Female : perianth-segments 5, much enslightly produced in a triangular point.
larged in fruit; ovary glabrous, 3-celled, placentas 2-partite; styles 3, nearly distinct,
Capsule rather more than by 1 in. including
broader upwards, stigma lunate.
the wings ; styles deciduous 3 wings prominent, their upper margins horizontal, one
Seeds shortoften very greatly produced ; capsule dehiscing by the three faces.
Kurz placed this species next B. scutata, but the 5 female perianth segellipsoid.
Knesebeckia
proper, and not to Trilobaria, A. DC.
Possibly two
ments refer it to
species are mixed here. "Wallich's very immature specimen has exceedingly small
inflorescence
and is referred by Meissner in ms. to B. hydrophila.
flowers and weak
;

B. parvuliflora, A. DC.

Prodr. xv. pt. i. 355 stem with 1 or no

round or ovate-cordate subequal at the base, capsule 3-winged one
of the wings very long produced. B. Lobbiana, A. DC. ?ns. not B. Lobbii,
16.

leaf, leaves

Hassk.

B. velutina, Parish ms.

Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt.

ii.

81.

Moulmein and Martaban T. Lobb on limestone rocks, Parish. Tenasserim ;

Dr. Stoliczka (ex Kurz).
Stem 0-2 in., glabrous or nearly so, whole plant 6Rootstock of 1 or 2 tubers.
12 in. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., softly pubescent above and on the nerves beneath, sometimes nearly glabrous*, doubly serrate -ciliate or simply crenate petiole of the cauline
leaf ^-1 in., of the radical leaves often much longer, slightly pubescent
stipules very
;

Begonia.]

lxvi. begoniacej::.

(C. B. Clarke.)

641

Peduncles 4-10 in., nearly glabrous, laxly dichotomous bracts

small, lanceolate.
-| in., lanceolate, sometimes fimbriate flowers not many, small, white tinged with
sepals
Male
rose.
2, broad-elliptic, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs petals 2,
;

narrowly oblong stamens about 25, monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not
produced. Female: perianth of 5 or 4 segments; styles 3, somewhat combined,
each divided into two curved branches.
Capsule ^ by ^ in. including the wings,
one wing very long, margins of all extended horizontally from the summit of the
capsule, dehiscing on all three faces.
Seeds short-ellipsoid. Kurz (in Journ. As.
Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 1.07) keeps B. parvtdiflora "a caulescent wholly glabrous herb"
distinct from B. velutina u a scapigerous herb with leaves pilose above " but A.
type of B. parvuliflora (marked by him B. Lobbiana) has the leaves decidedly
pilose above and the stems not more caulescent than some of Parish's B. velutina.
The only difference between the two is that in B. velutina the leaves are often
beautifully variegated and doubly serrated but not always Parish's specimens.
;

DCs

17. B. g-emmipara, Hook. f. IU. Him. PI. t. 14 caulescent, leaved

incise-serrate or lobed, peduncles axillary short few-flowered, 2 large round per;

sistent bracts

on each pedicel near the flower, seeds with adpressed

A. DC. Prodr. xv.

pt.

i.

papillae.

314.

6000-11,000 ft; plentiful round Darjeeling.

Stem 6-16 in., succulent, glabrous. Leaves ovate- cordate,
acuminate, often with acute or lanceolate lobes, glabrous beneath, often pilose above
Peduncles short, axillary, little divided, pedicels
petiole 1-3 in.; stipules ovate.
flowers pendulous, medium-sized, white or with rose stripes, usually molonger
Male sepals 2 petals 2, narrower stamens numerous, shortly monanoecious.
Sikxim,

alt.

RootstocJe tuberous.

delphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female perianth-segments 5,

nearly equal, persistent styles 3, nearly distinct, broader upwards, stigmas lunate.
Capsule \ by | in. including the wings, somewhat inflated, with a medial line on each
wings nearly equal, upper margins horizontal. In some of the axils the
face
peduncle instead of producing flowers is very shortly once or twice divided, each
branch terminating in 4 quadrangular cups, each packed closely with oblong viviparous bulbils. Alph. DC. gives dioecious as a character of his section Putzeysia,
but this, the only species of that section is, as all other Indian Begonias, monoecious
:

or occasionally dioecious.
18. B. cordifolia, Thivaites JEnum. 129 ; stemless, leaves orbicular-cordate crenate-serrate, capsule with 3 subequal not broad wings. A. DC. Prodr.
xv. pt. i. 328 ; B. Arnottiana, A. DC. I. c. 322. Diploclinium Arnottianum and
cordifolium, Wight Ic. 1. 1815, 1816.

Courtallum ; Wight. Ceylon Thwaites.

Rootstock tuberous. Leaves 1^3 in. diani., rarely subacute, nearly equal at the
base, pilose above, laxly pubescent on the nerves beneath petiole 2-5 in., laxly
Scape 6 in., repeatedly
pubescent; stipules in., ovate-lanceolate, glabrous.
Male :
dichotomous flowers medium-sized, numerous ; bracts \ in., lanceolate.
sepals 2, round petals 2, smaller, narrow stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous,
anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female perianth-segments 5-4- (3- in.

South Deccan Peninsula

Wight's Icon 3-lobed) styles 3, nearly separate, divided half way up into two curved
Capsule by | in. including the wings, perianth deciduous, styles perbranches.
wings narrow, upper margin rounded or shortly horizontal, dehiscing on all
sistent
Wight finally united his D. Arnottianum with
Seeds shortly ellipsoid.
three faces.
his I?, cordifolium. Alph. DC. separated them again on the sole ground that 2). Arnottianum had 4 segments to the female perianth, D. cordifolium only 3. But in Wight's
specimens of B. cordifolium all the female flowers examined have 5. The var.
insularis of A. DC. founded on Mr. Thwaites' No. 3584 has the leaves acute with
the nerves beneath more shaggy than in the type.
T T
VOL. II.
;

;;;;

642

lxvi. begoniace^.

B. Segments of female flower

large, third small lateral.

3,

(C. B. Clarke.)

with sometimes a small fourth

(Trilobaria,

[Begonia.
;

two outer

A. DC.)

19. B. amoena, Wall. Cat. 8682; leaves ovate or oblong caudateacuminate equally cordate, capsule-wings nearly equal, seeds slender cylindric,
A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 327. B. tenella, Don Prodr. 223
tip curved acute.
Wall. Cat. 3681. B. erosa, Wall. Cat 3688, partly.

Temperate Central and Western Himalaya; alt. 5000-7000 ft. from Dalhousie to
Sikkim among the commonest species at Simla.
Rhizome tuberous. Stem usually or very short, in "Wallich's specimen nearly 1 ft.
Leaves 3 by 2 in., glabrous, crenate-serrate petiole 2-3 in. stipules ovate, glabrous.
Scape 3-8 in., glabrous, loosely dichotomous, few-flowered bracts ovate-oblong, cadu;

cous

flowers medium-sized.

Male

sepals

ovate

2,

petals 2, elliptic, smaller ; sta-

mens numerous, shortly monadelphous anthers obovoid, connective not produced.

Female perianth-segments 2, large, ovate, opposite, and one smaller lateral, all
;

enlarged and persistent on the fruit ; styles 3, nearly separate, divided near the top
Capsule by nearly f in. including the wings, styles
into two curved branches.
persistent, upper margins of wings horizontal, dehiscing on all the faces.
Seeds
smooth, reticulated; far more elongate than those of any other Indian species.
20. B. scut at a, Wall. Cat. 3686, partly ; leaves ovate cordate-acuminate
often unequal at the base, capsule-wings unequal, larger one much ascending.
A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 328; ? Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.

B. rubella, Wall. Cat. 3687.

East Nipal, alt. 4000 ft. J. B. H.
Ntpal Wallich.
Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft.
B. Clarke. ? Bubma, Kurz.
Nearly glabrous. Rootstock tuberous. Stem in fruit often leafless, scape-like.
Leaves 2-6 in., sinuate-toothed or slightly angular not serrate, glabrous or minutely
pubescent on the nerves beneath petiole very long, of the radical leaves often 6 in.
Scape or stem reaching 9 in., laxly dichotomous
stipules ovate-lanceolate, deciduous.
upwards bracts oblong, acute, caducous flowers medium-sized, many or few. Male
petals 2, narrower stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous ansepals 2, round
;

C.

thers obovoid,

connective not produced.

Female: perianth-segments

3,

2 larger

round opposite, the third smaller lateral, all deciduous styles 3, nearly distinct,
divided about half-way up into two curved branches.
Capsule nearly by f in. including the wings; styles persistent upper margin of the wings concave, dehiscing
;

by

all three faces.

Seeds short-ellipsoid.

21. B. ovatifolia, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 328 ; stem short or 0, leaves
ovate sometimes acute more or less serrate equal or scarcely unequal at the base,
capsule-wings unequal the larger slightly ascending. B. subovata, Wall. Cat.

Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft. ; J. B. H. ; alt. 1000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke, Br. Treutler. Khasia
Mrs., alt. 4000 ft. ; H. f. $ T.
Rootstock of several tubers ; whole plant rarely exceeding 6 in. Cauline leaf 1 or
Leaves 1-2| in. diam., roundish or ovate, cordate or scarcely rounded at the base,
0.
pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petiole 1-4 in., pilose above, usually pubescent
stipules very small, lanceolate.
Peduncles lax, succulent,
towards its summit
glabrous or slightly pubescent, 4-8-flowered bracts oblong or lanceolate ; flowers
rather small, white or rose. Male sepals 2, obovate petals 2, narrow-obovate
stamens about 20, shortly monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced.
Female: perianth-segments 3, 2 obovate subequal, 1 lateral much smaller, deciduous;
Capsule
styles 3, nearly distinct, divided half-way up into two curved branches.
^ by 1 in. including the wings, styles persistent, upper margin of longer wing
Seeds shortstraight or con-vex upwards, capsule dehiscing on all three faces.
;

ellipsoid.

Begonia.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxvi. begoniaceje.

643

Var. cretacea; leaves stouter shaggy on the nerves beneath, peduncles firmer,
female perianth of 4 segments (almost exactly like the male). Bhotan; Griffith.
(Kew Distrib. No. 2583.) Limestone rocks near Cherra in Khasia, alt. 4000 ft
C. B. Clarke.

B. subperfoliata,

22.

Parish ms.

Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt.

109 stemless, glabrous, leaves ovate crenate-dentate subpeltate prominently

reticulated on both surfaces, bracts laciniated acutely.

ii.

Moulmein, on limestone rocks Parish.

Boot tuberous. Leaf solitary, radical, 3 by 2
;

in.,

acute not acuminate, hardly

petiole 2-4 in.

Peduncle 3 in. with about 10 small flowers bracts \ in., persistent, divided to near
the base or sharply serrate. Male: sepals ^elliptic; petals 2, narrow- oblong;
stamens about 25, much monadelphous, anth^J obovoid, connective not produced.
Female: perianth very nearly as in the male; styles 3, combined half-way up,
stigmas lunate.
Capsule 3-celled, by in. including the wings, styles persistent,
wings 2 short 1 longer, upper margin of each horizontal, dehiscing by all three faces.
serrate, equal at the base, peltate or the auricles only overlapping

Seeds short-ellipsoid.

23. B. moulmeinensis, C. B. Clarke; stemless, very

throughout, leaves ovate serrate, bracts incise-serrate or laciniate.

Moulmein

pubescent

T. Lobb No. 380.

Closely resembling B. subperfoliata. The specimens which are in bud differ in
pubescence and in the leaf being slightly cordate (not at all peltate), serrate, almost
lobed, and not prominently reticulate on either surface.
;

fall ax, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 329 glabrous or nearly so, leaves
acuminate angular toothed very unequal at the base, capsule equally 3winged wings narrow their upper margins shortly horizontal. Diploclinium
Lindleyanum, Wight Ic. t. 1817.
24.

B.

elliptic

South Deccan Peninsula Courtallum and Malabar Wight.

The branch figured by Wight is 8 in. long with a peduncle from a lower axil and
A. DC. conjectures the plant may be suffrutescent. Leaves 4 by 2 in. petiole 1 in.
;

stipules oblong, deciduous. Peduncle many times dichotomous, many-flowered, shorter

Male: sepals 2,
than the leaf; bracts numerous, minute ; flowers medium-sized.
rounded ; petals 2, narrow-elliptic stamens numerous, shortly monadelphous, anthers
obovoid, connective not produced. Female perianth-segments 3, 2 large round,
1 small narrow lateral ; styles 3, nearly separate, divided half-way up into two curved
branches.
Capsule \-\ in. long and broad including the wings. Seeds shortly-ellip;

soid,

plant

somewhat obovoid. Not seen the above

:

is

is

drawn up from Wight's

figure

the

of the section Trilobaria if all Wight's details are without error.

Capsule 2-celled compressed, triquetrous,

Sect. IV. Platycentrum.
having one broad and two narrow papery wings dehiscing by the falling away
of the faces between the wings placentas 2-fi.d.
;

A. Female perianth-segments 4-3.

Genus Mezierea, A. DC.

25. B. gigrantea, Wall. Cat. 3677 ; stem tall unbranched glabrous upwards, peduncles from the upper axils glabrous, male sepals 2. Mezierea
nepalensis, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 406.
Wallich.
Sixxim, alt. 3000-6000 ft. ; Herb. Griffith, J. D. H. ; alt.
frequent, C. B. Clarke.
Leaves
Bootstock thick, woody, not tuberous. Stem 2-3 ft., rarely branched.
9-12 by 3 in., caudate-acuminate (sometimes larger and ovate), undulate, toothed,
XT 2

Nipal
1000-4000
;

ft.,

;;

644

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxvi. begoniace^.

[Begonia.

pubescent on the nerves beneath otherwise glabrous, base very unequal deeply auriculed on one side petiole |-f in. stipules narrow-lanceolate, glabrous, deciduous.
Peduncles short, dichotomous, with many rather small white or pale pink flowers
bracts ovate, acute, deciduous. Male sepals 2, ovate, subacute, glabrous ; petals
;
stamens about 40, shortly monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced.
Female: perianth-segments 3, 2 outer ovate subacute resembling but smaller than
the male sepals, inner small lateral ; ovary (at the time of expanding of the flower)
completely 2-celled with 2-fid placentas (exactly as in Platycentrum) styles 2-3
(sometimes 4, A. DC.) nearly free, or one free the other two combined, sometimes
simply branched upwards, often 3-4-fid and more or less contorted. Capsule f by
1 in. including the wing, styles persistent, oblong, concave upon its narrow face
(between the two very narrow wings), broad wing extending the whole length of
the capsule, its upper margin horizontal convex, narrow face first falling away.
Seeds ellipsoid. This is the larges^Lidian Begonia: the description and remarks of
Alph. DC. must have been founded
very imperfect materials.
;

^on

26. B. episcopalis, C. B. Clarke stem tall much branched pubescent

upwards, peduncles axillary, male sepals 4.
Mezierea Griffithiana, A. DC.
;

Prodr. xv. pt.

Bhotan;
H.f.

& T.,

p.

i.

407.

Griffith

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2504, 2573).

"

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4000

ft.;

C. B. Clarke.

Leaves 6 by 1 in., narrow-lanceolate, cordate, toothed, membranous, with scattered

pubescence above, very pubescent or almost glabrous on the nerves beneath, base
very unequal deeply auricled on one side; petiole -l in.; stipules in., very
persistent, lanceolate, subulate, glabrous.
Infloresceiice often from the middle and
bracts oblonglower axils in short dichotomous peduncles, usually pubescent
Male
lanceolate, glabrous, persistent flowers somewhat numerous, rather small.
sepals 2, ovate petals
stamens about 40, shortly monadelphous, anthers obovoid,
Female perianth-segments 4, 2 outer ovate, 2 inner
connective not produced.
narrow-oblong styles 3 or 2, nearly free at the base, divided into long curved
Capsule as in B. gigantea but the upper margin of the larger wing is conbranches.
cave and somewhat descending. Seeds short-ellipsoid. In Griffith's Bhotan examples, the stems upwards peduncles and leaves on both surfaces are very pubescent,
and the petioles are - in. Clarke's examples (from Bishop's Falls,, Shillong) are
very nearly glabrous with the petioles l in. The Khasia examples of H. f. & T. are
;

intermediate.

B. Female perianth-segments 4-6.

*

Sect. Platycentrum, A. DO.

Connective produced above the anther-cells.

27.
ticulate

8. xanthina, Hook.
and angular not

Bot.

Mag.

t.

4683; leaves large ovate dencyme and ovary nearly

ciliate-serrate, petiole hairy,

glabrous, flowers yellow. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 347. B. xanthina, var.
pictifolia, Bot. Mag. t. 5102.
B. xanthina, var. Lazuli, Bot. Mag. t. 5107.

East Sixkim, alt. 4000-5000 ft. J. D. H. Dumsong, Bhotan, alt. 6000 ft.
B. Clarke.
Rhizome thick. Stem (in the wild examples) 0. Leaves 6-8 in., acute, unequally
cordate at the base, pubescent on the nerves beneath, otherwise nearly glabrous pestipules ovate, acute, glabrous or pubescent. Scape 1 ft. with spreading
tiole 3-4 in.
hairs below, nearly glabrous upwards; bracts at its first division in., oblong-lanceolate, glabrous
flowers medium large, full yellow (in the wild examples). Male
sepals 2, round petals 2, elliptic; stamens about 100, shortly monadelphous ;* con;

C.

nective produced, triangular.

Female perianth-segments 5, outer round, inner
gradually smaller styles 2, shortly combined below, each dividing half-way up into
two tortuous branches ovary (in the wild specimens) glabrous. Capsule with the
unequal wing very much elongated, descending, its upper margin concave. In some
cultivated specimens, the stem is elongated and leafy.
:

Begonia.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxvi. BEGONiACEiE.

645

B. rubro-venia, Hook.

28.
Bot. Mag. t. 4689 ; caulescent, leaves elliptic
or lanceolate acuminate entire or slightly angular undulate outer perianth-segments white with rose-red veins. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 347.
barbate '
Wall. Cat. 3679 B, partly.

Sixxim, Bhotan and Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-6000 ft., frequent.

Rootstock thick. Plant 8-16 in., stem puberulous or minutely pubescent. Leaves
3-6 in., usually narrow, sometimes elliptic, shortly pubescent on the nerves beneath
otherwise glabrous, base unequal rounded scarcely cordate ; petiole 1-2 in. ; stipules
persistent, lanceolate, caudate, glabrous.
Peduncles axillary, 3-6 in., usually divided
only near the top and few-flowered; bracts like the stipules and persistent; flowers
medium-sized. Male sepals 2, rounded ; petals 2, narrower, white stamens numerous, very shortly monadelphous connective produced, obtuse.
Female perianth segments 5, 3 inner gradually smaller, white ovary glabrous ; styles 2, combined at
the base, very tortuous.
Capsule -| by l-l in. including the wings, often recurved in fruit, the broad wing much descending its upper edge concave ; broader
faces first falling away.
Seeds ellipsoid.
Vab. Meimeri, Wall. Cat. 6294 shortly caulescent, leaves linear-lanceolate very
tomentose on the nerves beneath. Khasia Mts., Wallich ; alt. 3500 ft., C. B. Clarke.
Leaves 2-4 by \-% in. petiole -l in., pubescent, tomentose. Flowers and capsules like those of B. rubro-venia but smaller.
Wallich's type examples look like a
distinct species, but the examples of C. B. Clarke connect the two.
:

29. B. laciniata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 649 ; caulescent, leaves roundly
ovate acutely lobed with ^oft pubescence, petioles brown-tomentose, outer
perianth-segments rose-red pubescent on the back, ovary pubescent. Bot. Mag.
t, 5021 ;A.DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 347
Wall. Cat. 3678; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 107. ? B. palmata, Don Prodr. 223. B. Bowringiana, Champ,
in Hook. Keto Journ. iv. 120 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5182.
;

Burma

ascending in Sixxim to 7000 ft. Very common in Khasia and

South China.
Rootstock long, creeping, neither woody nor tuberous. Stem 6-24 in., more or less
brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., always more or less lobed, lobes usually
many, caudate-acuminate, often 2 in. long, ciliate, usually but slightly serrate,
rounded or cordate more or less unequally at the base, pilose above, pubescent on
more or less villous or tomentose petiole 1^-4 in. stipules
the nerves beneath
Peduncles 3-6 in., usually from
| in., persistent, lanceolate, mucronate, pubescent.
one or two uppermost axils, tomentose ; bracts large, oblong, tomentose flowers
medium, not very many, always more or less glandular-pubescent on the back,
from nearly white to deep rose. Male sepals 2, long-elliptic petals 2, narrowly
obovate ; filaments nearly free, about 50, anthers obovoid connective little produced,
Female: perianth-segments 5-4, inner gradually smaller; ovary with
obtuse.
pubescent, not mere glandular, roughness ; styles 2, divided from near the
base into 2 much contorted branches. Capsule by 1 in. including the wings,
often recurved in fruit, with a descending wing ; dehiscing by 4 lines adjacent to,
and one on each side of, the two narrow wings. Seeds ellipsoid, somewhat ob-

Nipal

to

Chittagong.

Disthib.
;

ovoid.

Vab. ? flava flowers full, yellow, leaves green finely serrate, ovary and sepals
pubescent or nearly glabrous. Sikkim, alt. 5000 ft. J. D. H., Treutler Darjeeling,
7000 ft. alt.; C. B. Clarke; Herb. Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2577).Perhaps a
species the plant has not the brown-red tint of B. laciniata, the leaves are thinner
and less softly hairy. Alph. DC. doubts the correctness of the colour of the flowers
it is a full deep yellow as noted on the specimens of J. D. H. and C. B. Clarke,
and as shown in the excellent figure of Cathcart preserved at Kew.
Vab. tuberculosa ovary with glandular tubercles not pubescent, flowers pale pink
glabrous. Sikkim, alt. 6000 ft. J. D. H., Treutler.
;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxvi. begoniace^:.

64>Q

[Begonia.

30. B. barbata, Wall. Cat. 3679

and part B; caulescent, leaves not
lobed, ovate acuminate hispid beneath denticulate ciliate, bracts cyme and
ovary pubescent. A. DC. Prodi', xv. pt. i. 348 ; not of Kurz.

From
the

Sit-het

and Cachab to Btjbma,

alt.

0-2000

ft.

Chittagong, abundant in

hills.

Rootstock creeping, not thick, nor tuberous. Stem decumbent, usually short, with
spreading brown hair. Leaves 2-5 in., unequal cordate at the base, hispid on
both surfaces, margin very entire; petiole 1-4 in., with spreading hairs; stipules
Peduncles from the upper axils, not more
persistent, lanceolate-subulate, ciliate.
than 3 in., pubescent to the summit except in ripe fruit, few-flowered ; flowers
medium, white to pink. Male: sepals 2, ovate, pubescent; petals 2, narrowly
obovate; stamens 50 or more, scarcely monadelphous, anthers obovoid ; connective
much produced, ovate-oblong Female perianth-segments 5, outer pubescent, inner
Capsule by 1 in. including the wings, hairy at
gradually smaller ovary shaggy.
least until the seeds are scattered, recurved in fruit with a descending wing, dehiscing
by four lines one on either side of the two narrow wings. Seeds ellipsoid, brown.

much

31. B. meg-aptera, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 348; caulescent, glabrous

or very nearly so, leaves cordate-ovate acuminate undulate angular hardly
serrate.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108. B. malabarica, Wall. Cat.

3676 D.
2000-8000 ft,, frequent. East Bengal, Patkoye
Kurz.
Rootstock thick, woody.
Stem erect, 12-18 in. when well developed. Leaves
4-6 in., unequal at the base, nerves beneath and petiole unusually glabrous petiole
1-4 in, ; stipules lanceolate-subulate, glabrous, persistent. Peduncles elongate, from
the upper axils, often 8 in. bracts large, oblong, glabrous, caducous flowers large,
not very many, pink. Male: sepals 2, ovate; petals 2, ovate, little smaller; stamens
50 or more, monadelphous, anthers obovoid connective produced, obtuse. Female
perianth-segments 5, nearly equal; styles 2, long, combined at the base, with long
tortuous branches.
Capsule and seeds as in B. rubro-venia.

Nipal

summit,

Wallich.

Griffith.

Sikkim,

alt.

Maetaban Hills

32. B. sikkimensis, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 349; caulescent, glabrous

or nearly so, leaves round lobed often nearly to the base lobes often again incised or lobed.

Sikkim, alt. 3000-7000 ft. ; J. B. H. ; C. B. Clarke.

Rootstock thickened, woody.
Stem erect, 12-18 in. when well developed. Leaves
4-6 in. diam., not very unequal nor very cordate at the base, denticulate-ciliate ; petiole 1-4 in., glabrous; stipules nearly 1 in., lanceolate-linear.
Peduncles from the
upper axils, elongate, often 6-9 in. bracts elliptic, deciduous, bright-red, as are the
pedicels and flowers; flowers medium, not very many.
Male: sepals 2, ovate;
petals 2, elliptic, smaller ; stamens 50 or more, monadelphous anthers obovoid
connective produced, triangular, obtuse. Female perianth-segments 5, inner brightred gradually smaller
styles 2, combined at the base, branches very tortuous.
Capsule and seeds as in B. rubro-venia.
;

33. B. Cathcartii, Hook.f. HI. Him. PI. t. 13; caulescent, leaves cordate-ovate acute glabrous beneath except a few paleaceous hairs on the nerves,
peduncles and petioles with deflexed paleaceous hairs, ovary pubescent. A. DC.
Prodr. xv. pt. i. 349. B. nemophila, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.
Begonia sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 583 and Ic. t. 612.

3000-8000 ft. J. B. H.
Birma Griffith (Kew
C. B. Clarke.
Kurz. Moulmein Parish, Thos. Lobb.
Near B. barbata and best distinguished by the hairs on its stems petioles and
peduncles, which are numerous but scattered, long from a lanceolate paleaceous base
Sikkim,

alt.

Distrib. No. 2582)

lxvi. begoniacej;.

Begonia.']

and

(C. B. Clarke.)

64*7

leaves much less hairy beneath, often quite glabrous

nearly or quite glabrous. Flowers fruit and seeds as in B. barbata.
deflexed,

by the

stipules

34. B. Thomson!!, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 349 ; caulescent, leaves

ovate acuminate hispid beneath denticulate-ciliate not lobed, petioles densely
shaggy, bracts cyme and ovary shaggy.

Khasia Mts., alt. 3000-4000 ft.; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2570) \Hk.f.$T.;
C. B. Clarke.
This only differs from B. barbata by being everywhere more hairy, the petioles are
densely shaggy as is the stem. One example referred here of Griffith's has the stem
and petioles covered with a close brown tomentum without any spreading hairs, and
appears much more different from B. Thomsonii than is B. Thomsonii from B.
barbata.

35. B. Griffith!!, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4984 ; stemless, leaves cordateovate acute pubescent beneath hardly ciliate on the margin, peduncle bracts ovary
and flowers pubescent. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 349.

Bhotan

Griffith No. 2505 (Kew Distrib. No. 2571).

Appears to be a variety of B. barbata or B. Thomsonii with an abbreviated stem.
The capsules are not ripe but are very like unripe capsules of B. barbata. The leaves
are much less ciliate barbate on the margin than in B. barbata. But for the great
authority of Alph. DC, the three B. barbata, B. Thomsonii and B. Griffithii might
be united.
;

36. B. Bex, Putzeys in Fl. des Serres,t. 1255, 1256; stemless, leaves cordate-ovate acute pubescent on the nerves beneath, peduncle upwards bracts ovary
and flowers glabrous. Bot. Mag. t. 5101 ;A.DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 350.
'

Assam and Mishmee;

Griffith

(Kew

Distrib.

No. 2588, 2589, 2591, 2592);

Masters.

Leaves 4-6 in., unequal at the base, undulate, ciliate-denticulate, with a few scattered hairs above petiole 1-4 in. with spreading hairs. Scapes 4-9 in., glabrous
except a few hairs near the base ; flowers medium, rose, not very many. Male :
sepals 2, ovate; petals 2, elliptic; stamens numerous, monadelphous, anthers obovoid connective produced, acutely triangular. Female perianth-segments 5, inner
Capsule -
gradually smaller ; styles 2, combined below, branches very tortuous.
by 1-1 1 in. including the wings much as that of B. rubro-venia. The whole plant is
much less hairy than B. barbata and the allied species : the capsule is glabrous and
its body is less than half the diameter of the pubescent capsules of B. Griffithii.
;

37.

B. brevicaulis, A. DC.

Prodr. xv.

pt.

i.

350

stemless, leaves cor-

date broad-ovate obtuse or scarcely acute, petioles scape flowers and ovary
glabrous or very nearly so.

Khasia; Terai, alt. 1000 ft.; H.f. $ T.

Flowers and fruit much smaller than in any of the preceding species of this
Rootstock tuberous. Leaves 1-3^ in., nearly orbicular, not very unequal at
section.
the base, crenate-denticulate, hardly ciliate, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs
above, rarely with minute pubescence on the nerves beneath petiole 1-3 in., succuScape 3-6 in., sometimes with a small leaf
lent stipules oblong, acute, glabrous.
above the base, weak, succulent, with few small flowers bracts ovate, acute, very
small. Male: sepals 2, round; petals 2, narrower; stamens about 25, shortly monadelphous, anthers oblong connective much produced, obtuse. Female not seen.
Capsule \ by \ in., recurved, styles deciduous two smaller wings very narrow,
broader wing descending its upper margin concave very thin dehiscing by 4 lines
one on either side of each of the two narrower wings. Seeds short-ellipsoid. This
species resembles in habit many of the sections Parvihegonia and Knesebeckia, and
is very unlike any Platy centrum with a produced connective.
;

;;

648

[Begonia.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxvi. BEGONiACEiE.

** Connective not produced above the anther-cells.

38. B. integrifolia, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 230; caulescent^
leaves ovate-oblong nearly entire ciliate very unequally cordate, petioles succulent laxly pubescent, inflorescence glabrous. A. DC. Frodr. xv. pt. i. 351
Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 104.

Western Ghauts from Bombay

Mysore

to

Law,

Dalzell,

&c.

Moulmein

Parish.
Bootstock tuberous.
Stem 6-12 in., succulent. Leaves 3-6 in., hardly acute, pilose
stipules
above, laxly pubescent on the nerves beneath, finely ciliate petiole 1-5 in.
Peduncle as though terminal
lanceolate, upper ones glabrous lower with lax hairs.
flowers white, medium-sized, not very many ; bracts broad, ovate, lower with some
lax hairs, upper glabrous. Male sepals 2, round ; petals 2, narrow-oblong stamens about 50, monadelphous, anthers obovoid. Female: perianth-segments 5,
inner gradually smaller styles 2, combined below, branched and much twisted upwards.
Capsule by f-f in. including the wings, recurved, smaller wings very
Seeds
narrow, broad wing descending, dehiscing primarily by the narrow face.
;

is

Alph. DC. gives Ceylon as a locality, quoting Thwaites No. 2597,

Thwaites's B. subpeltata.

short-ellipsoid.

which

39. B. guttata, Wall. Cat. 3671 A; caulescent, leaves ovate-oblong

A. DC.
nearly entire not ciliate, petioles pubescent, inflorescence glabrous.
Pi-odr. xv. pt. i. 352.

Pinang; Wallich. Malaya; Maingay No. 675 partly.

the
Differs from B. integrifolia only in having the leaves nearly without cilia
Wallich's
flowers appear somewhat smaller, but the two species are probably one.
:

specimen

is

very large with a thick woody rootstock, the petioles 10

in.

.
40. B. procridifolia, Wall. Cat. 6292; nearly glabrous, stem erect
simple, leaves subsessile oblong acuminate entire or denticulate. A. DC. Prodr.
xv. pt. i. 352 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.

Mabtaban

near Tavoy, Wallich.

Bootstock fibrous. Stem 6-9 in., weak. Leaves 3-5 by ^-1 in., very unequal at
the base, glabrous beneath, sometimes with a few scattered hairs above petiole y^- 1 in.
stipules ^ in., oblong, acuminate.
Peduncles from the upper axils, hardly so long as
the leaves; bracts ovate, deciduous. Male: sepals 2, in., round, rose-coloured;
petals 2, smaller, narrow-obovate stamens many, monadelphous, anthers obovoid,
connective not produced. Female not known.
Capstde more than ^ by ^ in. exclusive of the wings, recurved
styles deciduous ; the two narrow wings ovate the
broad wing much descending. This may, in the absence of female flowers, belong
to the section Mezierea, but the ovate narrow wings of the capsule suggest the present section where it has been placed by Alph. DC.
;

41. B. goniotis, C. B. Clarke; nearly glabrous, stem elongate branching, leaves narrow-oblong caudate excessively unequal at base.
Distrib. No 2579).
nearly entire or serrate near the apex, one
auricle excessively produced backwards often in an angular or quadrate form ; petiole
-l in.; stipules persistent, ovate, acute, mucronate not acuminate, cordate.
Peduncles axillary, few-flowered, glabrous
Flowers not seen.
bracts deciduous.
Capsule \ by \\ in. including the wings, glabrous, recurved styles deciduous the
two narrower wings more than \ in. broad towards the top of the capsule, the larger
descending, dehiscing by 4 lines, one on either side of the narrower wings.
Seeds
short-ellipsoid.
The breadth of tbe narrower wings of the capsule renders it unlikely that this is a Mezierea ; but the habit is that of B. episccpalis, No. 26.

Burma,
Stem 2

alt
ft.

3700-4000

ft.

Griffith

Leaves 5-6 by f-1

(Kew

in.,

jBegonia.]

lxvj. begoniace*:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

64U

42. B. sandalifolia, C. B. Clarke ; nearly glabrous, stem elongate,

leaves oblong acute very unequal at the cordate base.

Bubma ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2585).

Bootstock not much thickened, nor tuberous.
Stem 15 in., glabrous except the
extremities of the branches. Leaves 5-6 by l-2 in., nearly entire or serrate,
pubescent on the nerves beneath, otherwise glabrous; petiole -1 in., pubescent;
stipules oblong, acute, persistent, glabrous.
Peduncles near the end of the branches,
few-flowered, not elongated ; bracts large, elliptic, glabrous ; pedicels slightly pubesMale : sepals 2, round, nearly f in. diam., with some pubescence petals 2,
cent.
oblong; stamens 50 or more; anthers obovoid, emarginate. Female: not seen.
Capsule f by 1 in. including the wings, glabrous, recurved ; styles deciduous
the
two narrower wings in. broad and nearly an equal breadth for the whole length of
the capsule, the broad wing descending, dehiscing by 4 lines one on either side of
the two narrower wings.
;

Sect. V. Fapyraceae.
Capsule 2-celled (3-celled in B. delicatula),
papyraceous dehiscing by the very thin faces breaking up irregularly, placentas
2-fid.
Small plants with small flowers.

A. Ovary
or below the

much produced above

Lauchea and Monophyllon, Alph. DO.

Capsule winged, the wings not

2-celled.

Sects. Parvibegonia,

cells.

43. B. verticillata, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 811

radical leaf
at the time of
flowering, cauline leaves often whorled, bracts ovate marginal with stalked
glands.
A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 353 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
108.
;

Moxtlmein

Lobb No. 382 ; Parish.

Glabrous, or the leaves slightly pilose above. Bootstock small, tuberous. Stent
erect, 2-6 in., whole plant sometimes I ft.
Leaves 1-2 in., 3-8 in a whorl at the
summit of the stem, or alternate, oblong-lanceolate, rounded and nearly equal
at the base, coarsely crenate-serrate ; petiole -l in.
stipules minute, lanceolate.
Peduncles 1-4 axillary, slender, with numerous small white flowers ; bracts persistent.
Male: sepals 2, round; petals 2, linear-oblong; stamens about 8, long-monadelphous,
anthers oblong, connective not produced. Female
perianth-segments usually 4,
inner 2 considerably smaller; styles 2, combined at the base, clavate upwards,
branches two short simple curved.
Capsule less than ^ by - in. including the
wings, the two smaller wings exceedingly narrow-linear the larger triangular, its
upper margin slightly descending. Seeds shortly-ellipsoid, minutely papillose on the
margins of the reticulations of its surface.
;

44. B. prolifera, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 353; glabrous, radical leaf
at the time of flowering, cauline solitary sessile, peduncles 1-4 axillary. Kurz
? B. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3684.
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.

Moulmein Lobb No. 381

on limestone rocks, Parish. ?Pinang, Finlayson.

;
Bootstock a tuber. Stem -4 in. Leaf 3-8 in. diam., round-ovate, acute, nearly
equally deeply cordate. Peduncles 2-10 in., repeatedly dichotomous bracts hardly
in., ovate. Male septals 2, broad-elliptic, rose-coloured, sometimes slightly hairy ;
petals 2, oblong; stamens about 12, much monadelphous, anthers oblong, connective
Female perianth of 5 much imbricated segments styles 2, branches
not produced.
two incurved. Capsule by in. including the wings, recurved styles deciduous
two smaller wings very narrow above, enlarged and produced below, the upper
margin of the larger nearly horizontal from the top of the capsule. Seeds globose.
A. DC. describes this plant as stemless, on theoretic grounds, considering that the
apparent stem is formed by a complete adhesion of the petiole to the scape, and
supporting this view by the statement that there are no stipules at the point whence
the peduncles spring. If there were none at that point it would not establish the
;


650

lxvi. BBQONIACEJ3.

[Begonia.

(C. B. Clarke.)

above view, but there are two small ovate aeute bracts placed at that point. B.
Finlaysoniana possibly belongs here
but the example is very imperfect and the
leaves are 2-3, some of them petioled.
:

45. B. paleacea, Kurz in Flora 1871, 297; cauline leaf 1 obliquely

cordate-ovate or orbicular, petioles and inflorescence with short paleaceous
hairs, capsule winged below.

Martaban

An

Attaran Valley

Brandts.

so, succulent rootstock tuberous.

Leaf 3-6
sometimes proliferous, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, entire or deeply crenate,
often finely ciliate, membranous, glabrous or sometimes papillose and hairy on the
stipules lanceolate, acuminate, pilose.
nerves beneath petiole -1 in. or
Cymes
long-peduncled, slender, few-flowered, springing from the base of the ribs of the
leaves pedicels capillary, glandular-pubescent flowers small, white bracts of the
male flowers ^ in., broad-ovate, obtuse, glabrous, deciduous, the female smaller, lanceolate, acuminate, pilose, more persistent.
Male sepals in., broadly round,
slightly hairy without petals a little smaller stamens many, monadelphous, anthers

erect

low herb, simple or nearly

in.,

obovoid, emarginate. Female styles 2, connate, shortly 2-lobed.

Capsule nearly
\ in., glabrous or slightly hairy, oblong, 2-celled, 3-winged wings \ in. broad, truncate at the apex, or the medial wing twice as broad ; placentas 2-fid.
The above
copied from Kurz, who has placed the species between B. prolifera and B. sinuata ;
the very imperfect specimen communicated seems B. integrifolia, No. 38.
:

46. S. sinuata, Wall. Cat. 3680; caulescent, leaves cordate-ovate covered on both surfaces by minute but thickly placed stellate haire, capsule
winged below. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 354; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877,
pt. ii. 108.
Diplocinium biloculare, Wight Ic. t. 1814. B. guttata, elongata,
and subrotunda, Wall. Cat. 3671 B, 6291, 6293.

Tenasserim, Parish, &c. Malaya; Maingay No. 674.

Rootstock small with small tubers. "Whole plant 10 in. but more often quite
small, covered (except the upper part of the cvmes) with much minute stellate
pubescence. Stem 1-6 in. Leaves 1-5 in. diam., nearly equal at the base, denticulatesinuate ; petiole ^-3 in. or
stipules less than \ in., lanceolate, acuminate, stellately
pubescent.
upper often
Cymes weak lower bracts lanceolate, stellately hairy
quite glabrous, sometimes lobed flowers not very numerous, small, pink, glabrous.
Male: sepals 2, roundish; petals 2, narrower, obovate; stamens about 20, much monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female perianth-segments 5,
inner gradually smaller styles 2, combined half-way up, stigmas lunate.
Capsule
\ by f in. including the wings wings from the lower part of the capsule, two smaller
triangular acute.
Seeds short-ellipsoid, somewhat obovoid.

Pinang; Wallich, &c.

47. B. andamensis. Parish ww.; caulescent, nearly glabrous, leaves

cordate-orbicular shortly petioled or the upper sessile ; capsule winged below.

Andamans and Moulmein

Parish.

whole plant 6-10 in. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., entire

or minutely closely denticulate, equal at the base, with few lax hairs on the nerves
beneath, sometimes minutely pilose above petiole of the radical leaves elongate, of
Peduncles very
the cauline usually 0-f in.
stipules small, ovate, acute, glabrous.
glabrous upwards bracts very small, ovate, acute floors not very many, rosecoloured, rather larger than in the allied species.
Flowers capsule and seeds almost
The capsule is
identical with those of B. sinuata but the styles are less combined.
quite membranous but shows a tendency to dehisce along either side of the narrow
wings, exactly as in Platycentrum and the present species (with B. sitiuata) seems
closely allied to the small species of that section.
This species is reduced to B.
sinuata by Kurz, but it does not exhibit the stellate hairs on the upper surface of
the leaf and the flowers are much larger.
Rootstock tuberous.

Stem

erect,

;;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxvi. begoniace-e.

JBegonia."]

651

48. B. martabanica, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 354; caulescent, leaves

petioled cordate-ovate, petioles and nerves of the leaves beneath pubescent.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 108.
Heifer (Kew Distrib. No. 2575).
This differs from B. sinuata by the absence of the stellate pubescence and from
B. andamensis in the leaves being longer-petioled, none sessile, more acute with a
serrate ciliate margin and in the generally greater pubescence the stipules being
pubescent and the lower bracts often ciliate or fimbriate.

Moulmein; Lobb No. 393

49. B. Parish!!, C. B. Clarke ; cauline leaves 1-3 all sessile cordate

orbicular with lax scattered pubescence above and on the nerves beneath, capsule winged above.

Moulmein

on limestone rocks Parish.

Tuber rather large. Erect, nearly 1 ft., stem and lower part of the peduncle with
some lax pubescence. Leaves l-3 in. diam., subequal at the base, crenate-serrate
petiole of the cauline 0, of the radical 2-8 in.; stipules of the cauline in., ovate,
acute, ciliate. Pedicels and flowers glabrous lower bracts in., ciliate or fimbriate,
ovate, acute. Flowers few, medium, rose-coloured. Male sepals 2, | in., round
petals 2, obovate, narrower, rather shorter stamens about 40, long-monadelphous,
anthers elongate-obovoid, connective not at all produced. Female: perianth of 4
(perhaps of 5) segments styles 2, long combined, stigmas curved complex.
Capsule
(only half ripe) more than \ in. The ripe capsule not being seen, this species may
be a Platycentrum, as the size of the flowers indicates, but the styles are combined
nearly to the base of the stigmas.
;

50. B. flaccidissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 308 ; caulescent, minutely sparsely pubescent, leaves petioled cordate orbicular obtuse,
petals in the male 0.

Tenasserim; Kurz.

tender very flaccid herb, 4-5 in. high. Leaves 2 in. diam., deeply crenate-denCymes
almost lobed; petiole 2-3 in.; stipules hyaline, obtuse, about in.
flowers small,
bracts linear, minute
dichotomous, minutely sparsely pubescent
stawhite, on capillary pedicels. Male sepals 2, - in., rotund-ovate petals
;
mens many, very monadelphous, anthers subovoid. Female perianth-segments 4 ;
styles 2, free from the base, each dilated into a concave semilunate stigma ovary
sparsely and crisply pilose, 2-celled. Capsule unknown. Plant not seen. The above
copied from Mr. Kurz. The general description is like that of B. dclicatula, No. 54.
tate,

Capsule winged, wings irregular and much produced

B. Ovary 2-celled.
below the cells. Perianth accrescent on the fruit. Sect. Dysmorphia, A. DC
51. B. crenata, Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 162, t. 14, fig. 3
pedicels and young ovary often with minute scattered glandular pubescence,
A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 356 ; Dalz. Gibs. Bomb.
sepals of the male - in.
Fl. 104. B. minima, Bedd. Ic. PI. t. 110.

Malabar coast, alt. 0-3000 ft, from Bombay to Wynaad. ? Tenasserim, Heifer,
No. 2584.
Nearly glabrous. Bootstock slender, tuberous. Stein slender, 4-10 in., 1-4Leaves 1^-2 in. (sometimes much smaller), ovate, slightljBcordate at the
leaved.
base, crenate or serrate, glabrous or with slight pubescence on the nerves beneath;
Peduncles weak bracts less
stipules small, ovate, acute, glabrous.
petiole -2 in.
than in., ovate, acute, glabrous flowers not numerous, white or pinkish. Male
sepals 2, elliptic; petals 2, narrower; stamens 8-16, very monadelphous, anthers
;

perianth-segments 5, outer elliptic,

oblong, connective not produced. Female
styles 2, combined at base,
inner oblong, soon becoming larger than the male flower
:

652

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxvi. BEGONIACE&.

[Begonia.

stigmas lunate.
Capsule scarcely by in., membranous, crowned by the accrescent
perianth.
Seeds short-ellipsoid. Col. Beddome's B. minima is reduced by inspection
of his figure merely.
Heifer's No. 2584 is in fruit and is either this or some very

closely allied species.

52. B. can aran a, Miq. Anal. Bot. Ind. iii. p. 18 ; pedicels and ovary glabrous, sepals of the male in. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 356. B. rubella, Miq.
in PL Hohenack. No. 843, not of Ham.

Mangalor,

in

Canara ; Hohenacker.

but the leaves flower and fruit are

Closely resembling the preceding species
rather smaller. The styles in B. canarana are combined higher up (ex A. DC).
:

0. Ovary 3-celled.
53.

Capsule membranous, globose, wingless.

B. delicatula,

Parish

ms

styles long

combined.

Motjlmein Parish.
;

Rootstock small, fibrous. Stem 5-12 in., slightly dividing, with several leaves and
peduncles from all the axils, glabrous, weak. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., broad-orbicular, cordate, subequal at the base, doubly serrate, very delicate, with weak scattered
pubescence above and on the nerves beneath ; petiole of the cauline leaves long, attaining 3-4 in. stipules less than \ in., lanceolate, glabrous. Peduncles repeatedly dichotomous, with very many flowers ; bracts numerous, small, hyaline, subpersistent, oblong, ciliate or fimbriate, pedicels and young ovary with minute sparse lax pubescence.
Male sepals 2, \ in., round ; petals ; stamens 20, much monadelphous, anthers
narrow-obovoid, connective not produced. Female perianth of 4 segments, inner two
obovate, not very narrow; styles 3, stigmas lunate.
Capsule in. diam., almost
exactly globose, very membranous, breaking up irregularly, wingless.
Seeds shortly
;

ellipsoid.

Placenta undivided.
Capsule 3-celled
Sect. VI. Uniplacentales.
with 3 thin not very unequal wings, dehiscing by lines within the margins of its
three faces.
* Stemless, or

stemmed having

the peduncles long

and from

the upper axils

only.

B. fibrosa, C. B. Clarke ; cauline leaves 2 orbicular sessile witli

peduncles from the axils of each.

54.

many

Motjlmein

on limestone rocks ; Parish.

;
Rootstock fibrous, no root-leaves in the dried examples plant 6-10 in., glabrous
or nearly so. Leaves orbicular, larger 6-8 in. diam., nearly entire. Peduncles rather
stout, as many as 7 from one axil, minutely sparsely puberulo-pubescent
bracts foliaceous; lower f in., elliptic, glabrous, often petioled; upper smaller. Male sepals 2,
5 in., ovate; petals 2, oblong, smaller; stamens about 10, nearly free, anthers shortobovoid, connective not produced. Female perianth of 3 segments styles 3, combined less than half their length, each dividing into two curved branches.
Capsule
| by \ in. including the wings, upper margin of the broader wing horizontal or somewhat descending. Seeds small, ellipsoid.
;

55. B. teller a, Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 169, t. 16 ; stemless,

leaves ovate, petioles peduncles and young ovary with much lax pubescence.
A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 386. B. Thwaitesii, Hook Bot. Mag. 4692; A.

DC. I

c.

Pas-dom Corle ; Thwaites.

Rootstock somewhat thick, tuberous. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., obtuse or subacute,
Ceylon, Walker.

lxvi.

begoniace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

65

subequally cordate at the base, minutely denticulate not serrate, with scattered
weak pubescence on both* surfaces, the young leaves very shaggy; petiole 2-5 in.;
Peduncles 3-6 in., not exceeding the
stipules nearly in., ovate, acute, glabrous.
leaves, with a few flowers towards their summits
bracts ovate, acute, ciliate, pubescent or the lower ones glabrous. Male sepals 2, - in., round, pubescent on
the back petals 2, oblong stamens about 40, anthers obovoid, connective not proFemale : perianth of 5 segments, inner narrower styles 3, nearly free, 2duced.
lobed near their summit.
Capsule by in. including the wings, wings not very
unequal, their upper margins straight from the top of the capsule slightly descending.
Seeds short-ellipsoid. The example of Walker marked B. tenera, Dryand. in the
writing of M. Alph. DC. is identical with Thwaites' No. 2808.
;

56.

B. subpeltata, Wight

Ic.

t.

1812

stemless, leaves ovate, petioles

A. DC. Prodr. xv.

pubescent, pedicels and young ovary glabrous.

pt.

i.

South Deccan Peninsula; probably Malabar or Travancore, Wight.

386.

Ceylon,

Thwaites.

This differs from B. tenera, Dryand. in the glabrous pedicels and ovaries, in the
larger flowers, in the somewhat angular leaves which are slightly more serrate. (See
Thwaites Enum. p. 128.) It is hardly distinct from B. tenera.
57.

B. concanensis, A. DC.

brous or nearly

Bomb.

so, leaves

Prodr. xv. pt. i. 314 ; caulescent, glaovate serrate and sometimes lobed. Dalz. 8f Gibs.

Fl. 104.

Bombay, above the Ghats, Law.

tropical region, Stocks.
Rootstock a tuber. Stem elongated, whole plant sometime 1 ft. Leaves 3-5 in.,
acute not acuminate, cordate, subequal at the base, young leaves with a little lax
pubescence beneath, the older leaves with a few scattered hairs or quite glabrous
petiole of the cauline leaves l-2 in., of the radical often very long stipules in.,
Peduncles elongate, dichotomous bracts lanceolate flowers rose-coovate, acute.
Male sepals 2, nearly in., elliptic petals 2, smaller,
loured, not very many.
narrower ; stamens about 40, nearly free, anthers obovoid, connective not produced.
Female : perianth of 5 segments, 3 inner much narrower; styles 3, nearly free, bifid
near the apex. Capsule | by f-f in. including the wings, wings from the upper
Seeds ellipsoid. This
part of the capsule, their upper margins slightly descending.
slightly differs from subpeltata by having a distinct (often elongate) stem and the
As to the placentas which are taken as bipartite by
petioles without patent hairs.
Alph. DC, but are at least sometimes undivided, it is curious that the example of
handwriting is typical B. trichoB. concanensis at Kew authenticated in A.
Concan,

DCs

carpa.

58. B. tricliocarpa, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 230 ; caulescent,
leaves ovate serrate, flowers large, ovary with much lax pubescence. A. DC.
Prodr. xv. pt. i. 350 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 104.

Concan, Canara, Mysore, Malabar, frequently collected.

;
Stem elongate, often exceeding 1 ft., glabrous or
Rootstock large, tuberous.
nearly so. Leaves 3-5 in., acute scarcely acuminate, cordate, subequal at the base,
with scattered pubescence on both surfaces ; petiole of the cauline leaves often 3-4 in.,
stipules ^ in., ovate, lanceolate.
Peduncles scarcely elongate, relittle pubescent
peatedly dichotomous bracts | in., lanceolate, ciliate, pubescent pedicels and ovary
with lax long hairs; flowers white. Male: sepals 2, elliptic, sometimes exceeding
| in., more or less pubescent without, usually entire, sometimes fimbriate or ciliate
petals 2, narrower, shorter stamens 40 or more, nearly free, anthers oblong-obovoid,
connective not produced. Female perianth of 5 segments, inner narrower styles 3,
Capsule |-f by nearly 1 in. including
nearly free, each divided into two branches.
the wings, ultimately glabrous, wings not much unequal, their upper margins from
the summit of the capsule slightly ascending placentas undivided.

Malabar Ghats

654

lxvi. begoniace^}.

B. nivea,

59.

Parish

ins.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Kurzin Journ. As.

Soe. 1873, pt.

doubly serrate, petiole 0-

with two very small leaves near its base.
cal leaf solitary elliptic-oblong

Moulmein

[Begonia.

in.,

ii.

81

radi-

scape leafless or

Parish.

Eadical leaf 2-3^ in., obtuse, subequal scarcely cordate at

the base, glabrous, white beneath, with scattered very coarse bristles above. Scape
6-8 in., glabrous, leafless, or with a pair of opposite leaves near its base which resemble the radical leaf but are less than 1 in., divided near the summit ; bracts ovate or
Male sepals
oblong, very obtuse, entire, glabrous ; flowers medium-large, white.
2, - in., round; petals 2, not much shorter but narrow; stamens about 10, much
monadelphous, anthers oblong, connective not produced./ Female perianth of 5 (or
6) segments ; styles 3, much combined, each ending in two curved branches. Capsule
3 by $-% in. including the wings, wings not very unequal, their upper margins horiRootstock tuberous.

zontal.

60. B. albo-coccinea, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4172; stemless, leaves

broadly round peltate entire. A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 389. B. Grahamiana,
Wight Ic. t. 1811. B. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3673.

Cottrtalltjm ; Wight. Mysoee and Carnatic, alt. 1000 ft. ; G. Thomson.

Leaves 3-4 in., usually broader than long, nearly
Rootstock elongate, thick.
glabrous when mature but often ciliate on the margin petiole 3-6 in., pubescent
often tomentose; stipules large, sometimes exceeding 1^ in., lanceolate, glabrous.
Scapes 4-9 in., usually glabrous below, above with the bracts and pedicels pubescent
Male: sepals 2, f in.,
bracts in., lanceolate; flowers many, bright rose-coloured.
round petals 2, elliptic stamens 40, very shortly monadelphous, anthers shortly obproduced.
Female
not
young
ovary
:
almost tomentose styles 3,
ovoid, connective
Capsule f by -| in. inlittle combined below, 2-lobed and much contorted above.
equal,
continued
wings
at
nearly
equal
wings
;
breadth entirely round the
cluding the
elliptic
exactly
in
outline.
thus
Seeds
ellipsoid.
which
is
capsule
;

61. B. floccifera, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. Ill ; scape elongate far above
the leaves many-flowered, leaves broadly rounded with whitish tomentum
beneath.

Travancore and South Tinnevelly Hills,

alt.

3000

ft.

Beddome.

Leaves l-3 in., broader than long, subequally cordate at the base, denticulate or
nearly entire, thickly coriaceous, with close whitish or yellowish tomentum on both
surfaces, becoming at length nearly glabrous above ; petiole 1-3 in., with similar
tomentum; stipules f in., broad-elliptic, acute, scarious. Scape 18 in., very firm,
branching at 15 in. high into a very compound cyme; bracts many, small, lanceolate,
glabrous, persistent; pedicels and flowers glabrous. Male : sepals 2, scarcely \ in.,
stamens 40, shortly monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective
round petals
Female perianth of 4 nearly equal segments, persistent on the
not produced.
Capside ^ by $ in. including
fruit; styles 3, nearly free, 2-lobed near the apex.
the wings ; wings subequal, rounded, broadest at the height of half the capsule.
Seeds ellipsoid.
;

62. B. Brandisiana, Kurz in Flora 1871, 295; radical leaves longpetioled deeply 5-7-lobed, cauline small, perianth both of male and female of

Martaban Attaran Valley Br. Brandis.

Rootstock tuberous stem succulent, nearly glabrous and simple. Radical leaves
5-7 in., rather broader than long, membranous, base subcordate, lobes acuminate and
obtusely repand-toothed ; petiole 5-8 in., glabrous cauline leaves much smaller and
Peduncle very long, subradical, many times dichoshorter-petioled, usually 5-lobed.
pedicels capillary ; bracts lanceolate, minute ; flowers very many, white.
tomous
;

lxvi. begoniacej:.

Begonia.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

655

minute. Sepals of either sex 2, 1- in., round, emarginate, a little broader than long
stamens many, free, anthers oblong.
petals of either sex
Styles 3, bifid at the
;
Capsule - in., ovate, acute, glabrous, 3-winged ; wings retrorsely produced
apex.
below the cells, 2 broad-oblong obtuse, the other linear-oblong; placentas undivided.
Seeds small, short, ellipsoid.

** Stem elongate with lateral inflorescence.

f Perianth of the malejlower of 4 segments.

63.

B. Wallichiana, A. DC.

and ovary

Prodr. xv. pt.

i.

383

young

parts pedicels

with, short viscid pubescence.

Morung Mountains Hamilton ex Wall. Cat.

Branch more than 10 in. long, dividing repeatedly, with many leaves, and flowers
from the lowermost as well as the upper axils. Leaves 2-3 in., cordate, ovate, very
unequal at the base, dentate-serrate, with very short viscid pubescence on both surfaces petiole ^-1 in., viscidly pubescent; stipules in., ovate, acute, ciliate. Pedunbracts in., ovate, acute, scarious, pubescent, persistent.
cles 2 in., few-flowered
Male sepals 2, x in., round-elliptic petals 2, narrower stamens (ex A. DC.) moFemale: styles 3, free, each
nadelphous, anthers ovoid, connective not produced.
Capsule J by f in. including the
ending in two long curved and twisted branches.
;

wings, at length glabrous, wings subequal, broadest near the base of the capsule, their
Seeds ellipsoid. The locality of this plant is very
margin everywhere rounded.
doubtful. By Morung Hamilton understood the Terai from the river Teesta to the
Kooshee (see Hamilton's Nepal p. 151): this tract has been explored by very good
collectors (J. Scott, Gamble, &c.) since, and no plant at all corresponding to the present large species has been obtained indeed Alph. DC. doubts (and with reason)
whether any such plant has ever been found in Asia.

ft Perianth of the maleflower of 2 segments

only.

B. malabarica, Lamk.

Diet. i. 393, not of Boxb.

flowers medium
Wall. Cat. 3676, excl. .D A. DC. Prodr. xv.
B. dipetala, Grah. in Bat. Mag. t.
pt. i. 392 ; Thwaites JEnum. 128 (0) only.
2849 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1730 ; IAndl. $ Paxt. Flow. Qard. i. t. 14 ; Wight Ic.
B. tuberosa, Herb. Mad.-, Wall. Cat. 3675.
B.
t. 1813; A. DC. I.e. 391.
hydrophila, Miq. in Flora 1853, 769 ; A. DC. I. c. 392.

64.

large, capsule

more than \

Malabar Mts.

in..

common, ascending

to

6000

ft.

and

in

Ceylon.

repeatedly dividing, with many leaves. Leaves 2-4 in., cordate,

acute, very unequal at the base, crenate or serrate, pilose above and sometimes pubescent beneath, or altogether glabrous ; petiole 1-5 in. stipules | in., persistent,
ovate, acute, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, rarely exceeding 2-3 in., glabrous or nearly
so ; bracts f in., lanceolate, acute ; flowers rose-coloured, not very many on one
peduncle. Male sepals 2, |- in., round, glabrous ; petals ; stamens 40, shortly
monadelphous, anthers obovoid, connective not produced. Female perianth nearly
as in the male ; styles 3, little combined at the base, each dividing into two curved
and twisted branches. Capsule f by f in. including the wings ; wings little unequal,
continued all round the capsule, rounded altogether or having an obtuse angle at the
Seeds ellipsoid, slightly obovoid. The following are distinouter upper margin.

Stem often 2

ft.,

guished as species by Alph. DC.

Vab. 1. dipetala; leaves pilose above and sometimes pubescent beneath, capsule
without any angle on the wings. This is the old B. tuberosa of the Madras Herbarium and B. dipetala vera of Thwaites. But there are examples at Kew in ripe fruit
which have most of the capsules round- winged, others on the same stem angularly
winged and in the large series of examples the pubescence is often evanescent or all

but

so.

Var.

2.

hydrophila; leaves pilose above, capsule shorter than in var.

broader and more unequal.

1,

the wings


656

lxvi. begoniacejE.

Vab.

;:

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Begonia.

malabarica; leaves glabrous, capsules large slightly subquadral rather

ix. t. 86 referred here, it may be the present
plant as it is difficult to guess what other species Rhee4e could have got in Malabar
though it differs not merely in the points mentioned by Alph. DC. ; but in the male
flowers with two sepals and two petals.

than

3.

elliptic.

As to Rheede Hort. Mai.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED

~65^5. khasiana,

B. Clarke
dunculosa Wall. Cat. 3672 B.
C.

SPECIES.

flowers minute, capsule less than in.

B. pe-

Stlhet Mts. (which means Khasia) Wallich.

Branches weak, succulent, scariose winged, repeatedly divided with many leaves.
Leaves \\-2 in., cordate, acute, very unequal at the base, serrate, pilose above, laxly
sparsely villose on the nerves beneath petiole \-\ in. stipules \ in., persistent, obPeduncles from the lower as well ks from the upper axils,
long, acute, glabrous.
Male :
1-1 in., few-flowered bracts minute, elliptic, acute, ciliate, fimbriate.
stamens about 8, anthers oblong,
sepals 2, scarcely in., round, glabrous petals
connective not produced. Female: perianth of 5 segments; styles 3, divided upCapsule 5 by ^ in. including the wings wings 3, one about twice as broad as
wards.
the others, its margin from the top of the capsule first horizontal then rounding
away without angles capsule dehiscing by marginal lines within the margins of its_
;

faces

placentas not seen.

B. tenuifolia, Bryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 162, from Pulo Pontargh, is not
a Pulo Pinang plant as A. DC. suspects from the similarity of the names (see Prodr.

xv. pt.

i.

351).

Okder LXVII.

DATISCACEJE.

(By 0. B. Clarke.)

Trees or herbs. Leaves petioled, simple or pinnate ; stipules 0. Floivers

Male :
small, dioecious in the Indian species, clustered racemed or panicled.
calyx-tube short, teeth 3-9; petals 0; stamens 4-25. Female: calyx-tube
adnate to the ovary, lobes 3-8 short ; petals ; ovary 1-celled, open or closed at
the vertex ; styles lateral, alternating with as many parietal placentae, simple or
Capsule coriaceous or
2-partite ; ovules very many, ascending or horizontal.
membranous, opening at the vertex between the styles. Seeds very many, small,
albuminous; embryo straight, radicle next the hilum. Disteib. Species 4;
natives of the Mediterranean, Central Asia, Java, and North-West America.
Herb.
Tree.

Lower leaves pinnate

Styles 3, deeply divided.
Styles 4, simple. Leaves all simple

1.

....
,

1.

Datisca.

2.

Tetbameles.

DATISCA, Linn.

Tall glabrous erect herbs. Leaves 3-partite or unequally pinnate, the upper; leaflets lanceolate, strongly serrate.
Flowers dioecious, axillary,
Male : Calyx-tube very short, lobes 4-9, unequal
clustered, short-pedicelled.
stamens 9-25 : no rudiment of the ovary. Female : Calyx-tube ovoid, trigonous
upwards ; styles 3, divided nearly to the base into two linear stigmas. Capsule
narrow-oblong, trigonous, coriaceous, opening at the vertex between the styles.
Seeds many, ellipsoid, coarsely reticulated.
Distrib. Species 2, one in Western
Asia, the other in California.

most undivided

leaves from the

1. D. cannabina, Linn. ; JBoiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 763
flowering branches long-petioled very narrowly linear-lanceolate attenuated at
;


Datisca.]

lxvii. datiscace.e.

:;

(C. B. Clarke.)

657

on short lateral branches and falsely raWaU. Cat. 4664 A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. i. 410

tooth ends, flowers fascicled, rarely

cemed.

Lamk.

Sibth. Fl. GrcBc.

III.
t.

t.

823
D. nepalensis,
;

960.

Don

Prodr. 203.

Temperate and Subtropical Western Himalaya from Kashmir to Nipal, alt.

1000-6000 ft.; Wallich, Thomson, &c, not very common. Distrib. Westward to
the Levant.
Stem 2-6 ft., stout, branching.
Lower leaves 1 ft., pinnate; leaflets 7-11,
6 by l in., petioluled; upper much smaller and less divided; floral simple, 3 by
Pedicels
often
in.
carrying
linear
Anthers oblong, rather large filaments
bracts.
1}
very short. Styles \ in.
Capsule i by less than in.
;

TETRAMELES, R.Br.

2.

large tree. Leaves petioled, ovate, pubescent beneath at least on the

Flmoers dioecious, appearing before the leaves males panicled, females
nerves.
in elongate racemes, clustered near the ends of the branchlets. Male Calyxlobes short teeth 4, ovate, one or two smaller teeth sometimes added petals 0;
stamens 4, opposite the calyx-teeth, inserted round a depressed disc ; rudiment
or quadrangular.
Female: Calyx-tube ovoid; teeth 4, short
of the ovary
styles 4, short, stigmas simple somewhat club-shaped.
petals
Capsule ovoid,
;
with 4 lines or slight ridges, membranous, opening at the top between the
Seeds very many, minute, flattened, ellipsoid, testa very lax and extendstyles.
ing much beyond the nucleus as a loose ragged large-reticulated membrane.
;

1. T. nudiflora, R. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. 79, t. 17 ; A. DC. Prodr.

xv. pt. i. 411 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 212 ; Brand. Far. Fl. 245 ; Kurz For. Fl. 535.
T. Grahamiana, Wight Ic. t. 1956; A. DC. I.e. T. rufinervis, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 726 j A. DC. I.e. Anictoclea Grahamiana, Nimmo in Orah. Cat.
Bomb. PL 252.Indeterminata, Wall. Cat. 9045.

Western Ghats from Bombay to Ceylon.

Sixxm, alt. 2000 ft.
J. D. H.
Burma, Tenassertm and Andamans, frequent, Kurz. Distrib. Java.
Leaves 5-6 by 4-5 in. roundly ovate, shortly acuminate,
Attains 100-150 ft.
serrate or nearly entire, pubescent on both surfaces when young, glabrescent when
Racemes and
old, glabrous in Mr. Kurz's Andaman plant except the' nerves beneath.

panicles pubescent flowers sessile or nearly so. bracts minute or 0.

Capsule \ by in., glandular.
roundish ; filaments long.
;

Order LXVIII.

CACTEJE.

(By C. B.

Anthers small,

Clarke.)

Herbs, shrubs, or trees branches often thickened, striated, or angled. Leaves

usually represented by tufts of spines, or by prickles or small tubercles. Flowers
Calyx-tvhe adnate to the ovaiy,
solitary, sessile, hermaphrodite, regular.
Petals oo , free or shortly united at the base,
lobes 3-ao , small, imbricate.
Stamens oo free^pr adnate to the base of the petals filaments
imbricate.
Ovary 1-celled ste filiform or cylindric, stigma 2-ao rayed ovules
filiform.
Berry 1-celled, placentas pulpy.
very many on parietal placentas, horizontal.
;
Seeds very many, oblong or reniform \ albumen plentiful, or scanty, or almost
embryo straight or curved. Distrib. Species 1000, confined to America, ex;

cept Rhipsalis cassytha.

Optjntia Dhxenii,
37,

FL

Ind.

ii.

vol. n.

Cactus indieus, Eoxb. Hort. Beng.

iii. 472
114; an American plant, is naturalised in India, and

Haw.; DC. Prodr.

475; Wight

III.

tf

;;

658

Lxvni. CACTEiE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[BMpsalis,

nearly or quite the same species as that on which cochineal is tended in Teneriffe
Lowe Fl, Madeira, 313-319 ; Brand. For. Fl. 245-247. Koxburgh states that the
cochineal " insects " brought from America throve and multiplied abundantly on
his Cactus indicus.
is

see

1.

RHIPSALIS,

Gaertn.

Small fleshy shrubs; branches long, terete, or flattened and leaf-like.

Leaves represented by small scales. Flowers lateral, small.
Calyx-tube not
Petals 6-10, spreading, oblong:
produced above the ovary, lobes 3-oo
Ovary
smooth; style filiform, stigma 3-oo -rayed. Berry globose, smooth; the plaSeeds obovoid albumen 0.
centas projecting inwards nearly to the axis.
Distkib. Species 30, confined to Tropical America, except the one species
below.
.

branches round pen1. It. Cassytha, Gaertn. Fruct. 137, t. 28. fig. 1
dulous whorled, petals 5-6. DC. Prodr. iii. 476 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 865 ; Hook.
Exot. Fl. t. 2; Bot. Mag. t. 3080; Thwaites Enum. 129.
;

Ceylon; upon rocks and trees throughout the Central Province and certainly
Walker; Thwaites. Distbib. Mauritius, South and Central Africa,

indigenous,

Tropical America.
Calyx-segments 4-5, acute, very unequal, tinged with red at the apex.
Corolla
white.
Stamens about 20. Placentas 3-4 stigma 3-4-rayed. Berry size of a pea,
Seeds oblong, shining, black, obscurely striate.
transparent, white.
;

Order LXIX.

FICOIDE2E.

(By O. B. Clarke.)

Leaves simple, often fleshy, usually opposite or whorled stipules

Flowers usually in cymes or clusters, rarely solitary, regular, hermaphrodite rarely polygamous. Calyx of 4-5 segments, united into a tube or
nearly distinct, free from the ovary in the Indian genera, often persistent.
PeStamens perigynous or hypogynous,
tals usually wanting, when present small.
Ovary free " (except in
definite or indefinite; staminodes sometimes present.
Mesembryanthemum), 2-5-celled, syncarpous (except in Gisekia) styles as many
as the carpels ovules many in each carpel and axile, or solitary basal. Fruit
usually capsular, splitting dorsally or circumsciss, more rarely the carpels sepaSeeds many or 1 in each carpel, usually remform, compressed
rate into cocci.
embryo curved or annular, surrounding the farinaceous albumen, radicle next the
hilum. Distrib. Species 450, chiefly African, a few are scattered through most

Herbs.

or scarious.

tropical

and subtropical

Tribe

I.

regions.

Aizoideoe.

Calyx-tube elongate.

Stamens inserted on the

calyx-tube.
*

Carpels dehiscing dorsally .

Hairy woody small herbs

^
,

1.

Aizoon.

** Capsule circumsciss.

Ovary (and capsule) 3-5-celled

Ovary (and capsule) 1-2-celled

2. Sesttvtum.
3.

Tbianthema.

Tribe

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxix. ftcoidejE.

Aizoon.']
II.

IVIollug-ineae.

Calyx deeply 5-partite.

659
Stamens hypogynous.

t Carpels dehiscing dorsally.

Petals many, small, hypogynous
Petals 0. Stipules scarious, fugacious
**

4.

Orygia.

5.

Moixugo.

Capsule of separate cocci.

Carpels 3-5, separate in the flower

Carpels 2, combined in the flower

1.

AXZOON,

6.

Gisekia.

7.

Limeum.

Linn.

Spreading procumbent herbs, or small shrubs. Leaves alternate or falsely

Flowers axillary, solitary or in spikes or cymes.
opposite, entire; stipules 0.
Calyx-tube short ; lobes 6-4, spreading, yellow within. Petals 0. Stamens many,
inserted near the top of the calyx-tube.
Ovary free, 5-4-celled, depressed,
nearly included in the calyx-tube ; styles 5-4, free, subulate ovules several in
each cell.
Capsule almost woody, surrounded by the persistent calyx, 5-celled,
Seeds 2 or several in each cell,
cells splitting from the top downwards dorsally.
reniform; embryo annular. Distbib. Species 8, from Europe to S. Africa,
and from the Canaries to Scinde : one aberrant species in Australia.
;

A. canariense,

1.

Linn.-, Boiss.

Orient,

Fl.

ii.

765; leaves petioled

DC.jVl. Grass.

hairy elliptic, capsules sessile numerous, the valves infiexed.

t. 136, Prodr. iii. 453.

Distbib. Affghanistan, Arabia, Africa.

Stocks, Vicary.
Leaves 1-lti in., papilSmall, woody, closely procumbent, repeatedly dividing.
Flowers in near Ay 3very axil.
lose and simply hairy or tomentose, petiole 0- in.
Capsule in. broad, the summit when lookeJQ cown upon
Calyx-lobes f in. ovate.
Seeds black, smooth, with a few continuous raised ridges concentric
pentagonal.
with regard to the unappendaged hilum.

Scinde

'

SESUVIUM, Linn.

2.

Flowers
Succulent branching herbs. Leaves opposite, fleshy; stipulets 0.
Cailyx-tuie short;
axillary, sessile or peduncled, solitary, rarely in cymes.
Petals 0. ^Stamens
lobes 5, triangular-lanceolate, persistent, often coloured.

many

or 5, inserted round the

summit of the

calyx-tube.

(Ovary

free,

3-5-

Capsule ovate-oblong, membranous,

celled; styles 3-5; ovules many, axile.
Seeds many in each cell, reniform ; enibryo annular.
3-5-celled, circumsciss.
Distbib. Species 4, littoral in warm climates.

Roxb. Fl. Lnd. ii. 509/; glabrous, styles

1. S. Portulacastrum, Linn.
3-5, seeds black shining smooth. Dak. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 15 J; Kurz in Journ,
DC. P-odr. iiij.453 Wall. Cat.
S. repens, Willd.
As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 110.
6836 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 361 Wight in. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 71, t. 23.
Psammanthe marina, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 660.
;

Seashores of India, from

pical

Bombay

and subtropical seashores.

to Calcutta and

Singapore. Distbib. Tro/

Small, or extensively creeping and rooting in sand. Leaves 4-2 in., from obovate
to linear spathulate or subcylindric petiole often dilated at baste with scarious mar;


660

lxix. ficoidej;.

gins.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Trianthema.

Calyx within a bright rose segFlowers solitary, axillary

pedicel \ in.
Styles 3, less commonly
in., cuspidate.
Stamens 15-40, free or nearly so.
Capsule 4 in.
Seeds not very many, obtusely keeled on the margin.
;

ments \
4 or

5.

3.

TRZANTHEMA,

Linn.

Leaves petioled,
Diffuse prostrate branched herbs, glabrous or papillose.
opposite, unequal, from linear, to ovate or obovate, entire petioles connected at
base by their dilated membranous margins ; stipules 0. Flowers small, axillary,
Calyx-tube short or long,
sessile or peduncled, solitary or in cymes or clusters.
Petals 0.
Stamens 5-10 or more,
lobes 5, often cuspidate, coloured within.
;

Ovary free, 1-2-celled ; styles 1 or 2,

inserted near the top of the calyx-tube.
Capsule membranous or coriaceous, clavate,
subulate ; ovules 1 or many, basal.
circumsciss, the upper portion often carrying away 1 or 2 seeds attached to or
enclosed in it, the lower portion 2-oo -seeded.
Seeds reniform embryo annular.
Distkib. Species 10, tropical and subtropical.

* Style!.
1. T. monogryna, Linn. Mant.69; calyx-tube scarious thin closely
sheathed by the base of the petiole, stamens about 15. DC. Prodr. iii. 352, PL
T. obcordata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. Ind. ii. 445
Grass, t. 109.
Wall.
Cat. 6837, excl. F ; W. # A. Prodr. 355
Wight Lc. t. 228 ; Dalz. $ Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 14 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 110. T. pentandra /3. obcordata, PC. Prodr. iii. 352.
;

Throujhlout India and Ceylon, common.

Distrib. Malaya, Western Asia, Africa,

Tropical Injierica.
Calyx-lobes
GrlabrmsV Leaves -l in., obovate; petiole in. Flowers solitary.
Stamens 10-20.
Capsule | in., scarious below, beak exserted
obtuse, cispi date.
coriaceour somewhat mitriform adnate to the enclosed seed, lower part 3-5-seeded.
Seeds black, scarcely shining, with concentric broken undulating raised lines.

1. cirystallina, Vahl. Symb. i. 32 calyx-tube herbaceous with

sheathed by the base of the petiole, stamens 5. Roxb. Hort.
Wall. Cat. 6840
Beng. St, Fl[: Ind. ii. 444
W. Sf A. Prodr. 355 Edgw.
in Journ. Lin tn. Soc. vi. 203 Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 14 Kurz in Journ. As.
2.

many

riLs n<bt

T. triquetra, Rottl. ; DC. Prodr. iii. 352.

Soc. 1877, pt.^ ii. 110.
T. sedifolia,
Papularia crystallina, Forsk. Fl. AEg. Arab. 69.
Visian. PI. &\g- 1. 3.

From the

Ceylon

not in Bengal. Distrib. Throughout Africa.

Leaves |-| in., narrowly oblanceolate or ellipFlowers often very many, solitary densely
tic
Calyyx-lobes triangular, cuspidate.
Capsule
in.
beak a circular corky
clustered.
in
the
centre,
deciduous often with one seed attached beneath or
flat 'disc depressettl
by
a
membrane.
Seeds 2, super-imposed, discoid, black, scarcely
imperfectly included
shining, with concentric broken undulating raised lines.
P\\"njab to

Minutely pajbillose or glabrous.

petiole veiW short or obscure

** Styles 2.

Linn. Mant. 79 stamens 5, beak of the fruit mitritwo 1-seeded parts, lower portion of the fruit 2-seeded..
DC. Prodr. iii. 3512 Edgw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 202 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.
T. Govindia, Wall. Cat. 6838.
766.
T. obcordata^ Wall. Cat. 6837 F.
3.

T. pentsitndra,

form separating

iijrto
;

The Punjab, Sci'nde and plains of North- West India.

and Tropical Africa.
\

Distrib.

Western Asia-

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxix. FicoiDEiE.

Triantherna.']

661

Papillse or nearly glabrous.

Leaves 1-1 \ in., oblong or elliptic; petiole \ in.
Flowers in sessile clusters.
Calyx-lobes ovate, often scarious on the margin, bracts
scarious.
Capsule in. beak consisting of two lanceolar portions acute upwards,
coriaceous, closely adnate to the included seed.
Seeds in the lower half of the capsule 2, dull black, roughly puberulous, the concentric lineation very obscure.
;

T. decandra, Lmn. Mant. 70 stamens

10, beak of the fruit truncate

indehiscent or only finally splitting.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34, Fl. lnd. ii. 444; DC. Prodr. iii. 352; Wall. Cat. 6839;
W. $ A. Prodr. 355 ; Wight Ic. t. 296 ; Bah. 8? Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 15 ; Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 110. Zaleya decandra, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 31, fig. 3.
4.

consolidated with the

two included seeds

Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon.

Distrib.

Timor

Ava

(ex Kurz).

Glabrous or minutely papillose.

Leaves l-l in., oblong or elliptic; petiole
- in. Flowers in nearly sessile clusters. Calyx-lobes ovate, usually obtuse, often
bracts scarious.
scarious on the margins
Capsule in., beak a truncate solid
cylinder, not at all or very obscurely mitriform.
Seeds 4, 2 lower dull black puberulous, with numerous faint concentric raised lines.
Closely allied to the preceding
;

species.

T. hydaspica,

Edgiv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 203 ; stamens 5-7,

not completely enclosing a seed. T. polyspermia,
Hochst. in Oliv. Fl. Prop. Afr. ii. 588.
5.

beak of the

fruit conical thin

Mooltan

Edgeworth.

ScnspE

Stocks.

Bombay

Law.

Distrib.

East Tro-

pical Africa.

Leaves -1 in., oblong or elliptic, often with

Minutely papillose or glabrous,
Calyx-tube
scarious margins petiole ~ in. Flowers sessile, solitary and clustered.
10-ribbed lobes triangular-elongate, acute, dilated at base so that there appear to be
Capsule \ in. beak elongate-conical, hollow.
Seeds about
5 interjected auricles.
10-15, dull black, with puberulous raised undulating lines that radiate from the
centre (and thus are in a direction at right angles to the lines on the seeds of the
T. polysperma, Oliv. is
four preceding species). Flowers separated, or clustered.
undistinguishable from some of Stocks' Scinde specimens. Diplochonium sesuvioides,
Fenzl. in Harv. $ Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 473 is separated by the very numerous stamens
and shining seeds, as Edgeworth has noted.
;

4.

ORYGIA,

Forsh.

Leaves opposite and alternate, fleshy,

rigid branched glabrous herb.
stipules 0. Cymes terminal and leaf-opposite, lax, few-flowered. Sepals
Petals 0. Staminodes many, small, subhypogynous. Sta5, nearly free, ovate.
mens 12 or more, subhypogynous. Ovary free, globose, 5-ribbed, 5-celled ; styles
Capsule globose, papery, wrapped in the per5, filiform ; ovules many, axile.
entire

sistent sepals

cells 5,

dehiscing dorsally.

Seeds

many, reniform,

strophiolate

embryo annular.

O. decumbens,

Forsh. Fl. jEg. Arab. 103; DC. Prodr. iii. 455;

Glinus trianthemoides, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 231 ;
755.
DC. I c.;W.$ A. Prodr. 362 Wight III t. 113. G. mucronata, Klotzsch. in
Peters Rets. Mossamb. Bot. 140, t. 25. Portulaca decumbens, Vahl Symb. i. 33.
Talinum decumbens, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 864. Axonotechium trianthemoides,
1.

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

i.

Fenzl. in

Ann. Wien. Mus.

i.

354.

Dry and hot India from the Punjab and Sonde

Not

in Bengal.

to

Mysore and Coimbatore.

Distrib. Western Asia and the whole of Africa.

662

lxix. picoidej:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Mollugo.

Leaves f-1 in., obovate, cuspiin., somewhat angular or trigonous.

petiole in.
Cymes with small lanceolate bracts at their divisions ; flowers
with
scarious edges, acute.
Sepals purplish-green,
Capsule
^ in. diam., pedicelled.
Seeds black, not shining, with numerous concentric elevated lines.
| in. diam.

Stems 6-18

date

5.

MOLLUGO, Linn*

Herbs, branched, often dichotomous.

Leaves often falsely whorled, or

alternate, or all radical, from linear to obovate, entire ; stipules quickly disapFlowers axillary, sessile or pedicelled, clustered or in cymes or
pearing.

racemes, small, greenish bracts inconspicuous. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals

;
Stamens 5-3, rarely many. Ovary
or small in the same species.
staminodes
ovules
free, globose or ellipsoid, 3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, linear or very small
many, axile. Capsule membranous, sheathed by the sepals, 3-5-celled, dehiscing
Seeds several in each cell, rarely 1, reniform, appendaged or not at the
dorsally.
hilum ; embryo annular. Distkib. Species 12, tropical and subtropical.
;

* Seeds with

an appendage

at the hilum, inflorescence in axillary clusters.

flowers sessile or pedicelled, appen1. XIX. hirta, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 120
dage of the seed a membranous scale from which proceeds a linear bristle that
DC. Prodr. i. 391. M. Glinus, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss.
curls half round the seed.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 110. iHinus lotoides, Linn. Lamh.
i. 48
DC. Prodr. iii. 455 Wall. Cat. 15ir W. $ A. Prodr. 362 Sibth.
III. t. 413
Fl Grcsc. t. 472 Dak. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 16 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 755. G.
dictamnoides, Linn. Mant. 243 DC. I. c. Wall. Cat. 1518 W. $ A. Prodr.
362. Boiss. I. c. i. 756. G. parviflora, Wall. Cat. 1519. Pharnaceum pentagonum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 103. Tryphera prostrata, Blume ;
A. DC. Prodr. xiii. pt. ii. 424.
;

Throughout India and Ceylon, common. Disteib. All warm regions.

Stem prostrate, much
Stellately woolly, sometimes less hairy, rarely glabrous.
branching, leafy. Leaves -1 in., opposite or whorled, usually obovate but vary from
round to narrow-lanceolate petiole 0-j in. Flowers usually sessile or nearly so ;
Sepals - in., elliptic or oblong, acute.
Staminodes linear
pedicels sometimes f in.
or 0. Stamens usually 10 or more but vary to 5. Styles 3-5, linear, short.
CapSeeds many, covered with raised tubersule a little shorter than the sepals, oblong.
cular points the appendage sometimes carrying more than one bristle.
A variable
weed of which the following are the most notice-worthy varieties.
Var. 1. typica; flowers sessile, sepals in. more or less stellately tomentose.
Grlinus dictamnoides, W. <Sf A. Prodr. 362.
Var. 2. lotoides, W. 8[ A. Prodr. 362 (sp.); pedicels of the flowers -| in., sepals
Hills of the Deccan Peninsula.
\ in. stellately tomentose.
Var. 3. Keenani; stem slightly pubescent, leaves glabrous petioled lanceolate,
flowers sessile, sepals in. glabrous with scarious margins, capsule oblong the seeds
clearly seen through the walls, seeds exactly of Var. 1 but smaller than usual.
Cachar, R. L. Keenan possibly a good species but it can be nearly matched out of
;

the African bundles of Var.

1.

2. IH. Sperg-ula, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 391 ; glabrous or nearly so,

flowers pedicelled, seed appendaged by a minute sliort subulate bristle.
Wall.
Cat. 653 ; W. & A. Prodr. 44 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 111.
M.
verticillata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 9, Fl. Ind. i. 360, not of Linn.
M. parviflora,
DC. P)odr. i. 391. Pharnaceum parviflorum, Roth, Nov. Sp. 186. P. Mollugo, Linn. Mant. 561 Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 102.
Glinus Mollugo, Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 359.
Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 24=.
;

Mollugo.']

lxix. ficoide^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

663

From the base of the Eastern Himalaya to Ceylon and Burma common.
(No example from North-West India, the Punjab or Scinde.)Distrib. Tropical Africa
and Australia.
;

Stem branching, diffuse, leafy. Leaves j-1 in., usually whorled, spathulate lanceolate or elliptic petiole 0- in.
Pedicels \-\ in.
Sepals - in., oblong, margins
often membranous.
Stamens 5-10. Stigmas 3, minute. Capsule ellipsoid, a little
shorter than the sepals. Seeds many, covered with raised tubercular points, the
appendage sometimes comprises a second, yet more minute, bristle.
;

** Seeds not appendaged, inflorescence in terminal cymes or

racemes.
3.
BX. stricta, Linn.
DC. Prodr. i. 391 glabrous, stems much
branched leafy, seeds covered with raised tubercular points.
Wall. Cat. 649
W. # A. Prodr. 44 Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 16 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc,
1877, pt. ii. 111. M. triphylla, Lour. Fl. Cochinc. 79 DC. Prodr. i. 392
Roxb. Sort. Beng. 9, Fl. Ind. i. 360 Wall. Cat. 651 W. $ A. Prodr. 44
M. Linkii, Seringe in DC. I. c. M. pentaphylla, Linn. DC. Prodr. i. 391
Roxb. I.e.
Wall. Cat. 650; W. $ A. Prodr. 44; Dalz. $ Gibs. I.e. Pharnaceum strictum, triphyllum and pentaphyllum, Spreng. Syst. i. 949. Rheede
Hort. Mai. x. t. 26.
;

Throughout India and Ceylon, very common. Distrib. Eastward to Malacca,

China, Japan, Fiji.
Often a foot high. Leaves \-\\ in., whorled or opposite, varying from lanceolate
acute to obovate obtuse, much narrowed at the base petiole hence obscure. Cymes
compound, the branches sometimes racemed so that the inflorescence becomes like
in., elliptic or round.
Stamens 3-5, filaments dilated.
that of M. disticka. Sepals
Capsule as long as the sepals, globose, many-seecTed, the
Styles 3, short, linear.
walls thin.
Seeds dark chestnut-coloured embryo curled into three-quarters of a
complete circle.
;

4. BE. Cerviana, Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 392; glabrous, branched, cauline leaves linear-oblong, seeds reticulated without tubercular raised points.
Wall. Cat. 7128 ; W. $A. Prodr. 44; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 756. M. umbellata,

Seringe

I.

c.

Pharnaceum Cerviana, Linn.

Lamk.

III. t.

214.

From the Punjab to Ceylon, in the hotter drier parts of India not in Bengal.
Distrib. Asia, Africa to the Cape, Australia.
Stems 3-6 in., erect, usually several. Leavqg \-\ in., radical tufted spathulate or
obovate, cauline linear-oblong often 4-8 in a whorl, whence spring umbellately many
Sepals T^ in., elliptic or
branches. Peduncles trichotomous or umbellate-cymose.
Capsule as long as the sepals, globose,
Styles very small.
Stamens 5.
round.
Seeds pink-chestnut or yellowish, covered with slightly elevated
many-seeded.
oblong reticulations, bluntly ridged on the back embryo curled through less than a
;

semicircle.
5.

BE, distich a, Seringe in DC. Prodr.

Wight

Ic.

t.

3.

i.

392

glabrous, branched, cau-

Wall. Cat. 652

W.
Pharnaceum distichum, Linn. Mant. 221.

line leaves lanceolate, seeds smooth.

A.

Prodr. 44

South Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon.

Stems often 12-18 in. Leaves -1 in., usually whorled, tapering almost to the
Flowers in cymes, the branches often ultimately prolonged as racemes. Sepals
- in., ovate. Stamens 5. Styles 3, short. Capsule as long as the sepals, globose
Seeds obscurely reticulated, shining chestnut,
or shortly ellipsoid, many-seeded.
bluntly ridged on the back embryo curved through three-quarters of a circle.
Wight's figure represents this plant as hairy it is glabrous or sometimes microscopibase.

cally puberulo-glandular.

664
6.

Sf

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxix. ficoidej;.

rising

[Mollugo.

IK. nudicaulis, Lamk. Diet. iv. 234 glabrous, stems many leafless
from a tuft of radical leaves. DC. Prodr. i. 391
Wall. Cat. 648
W.
;

A. Prodr.

M.

43.

Seringe in DC. Prodr. i. 391.

948.
Alsine, Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 8.

belli difolia,

spathulatum, Spreng. Syst.

i.

From

Pharnaceum

the Punjab to Ceylon in the hotter drier parts of India not in Bengal.
Distrib. New Caledonia, Tropical Africa, Cuba.
Leaves 1-2 in elliptic, tapering to the base. Scapes 3-8 in., wiry, repeatedly
in., oblong.
Stamens 5-3 (Oliver).
Sepals
dichotomous.
Stigmas 3, very
Capstde as long as the sepals, somewhat ellipsoid, many-seeded. Seeds black,
small.
a microscopic scale appendaged to the hilum, obscurely ridged on the back, shining,
closely densely reticulated, very obscurely rough not tuberculated embryo curved
through half a semicircle New Caledonian examples have the seeds rougher, and a
very short linear spur added to the appendage. Cuban examples resemble generally
the Indian, but one of them has the stem very woody thick branched densely packed
;

with leaves.

6.

GXSEKIA,

Linn.

Leaves opposite or falsely whorled, fleshy, spaDiffuse branched herbs.

Flowers sessile and pedicelled,
thulate, abounding in raphides ; stipules 0.
hermaphrodite or polygamous, small, greenish or purplish, in axillary cymes.
Petals 0.
Sepals 5, nearly free, ovate, herbaceous with membranous margins.
Stamens (in the Indian species) 5, hypogynous* Carpels 5-3, distinct ; each
ending in a short simple style and containing one basal ovule. Fruit of 5, free,
membranous, papillose, indehiscent, carpels. Seeds vertical, subreniform embryo curved. Distrib. Species 5, in India, Arabia, and Africa.
;

pharnaceoides,
Roxb. Cor. PL

Linn. Mant. 562 cymes dense, carpels covered

Wight Ic. t. 1167 A. DC.
t. 183 (not good) ;
Prodr. xiii. pt. ii. 27 ; Xurz in Joum. Linn. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 111. G. molluginoides, Wight Ic. t. 1168.
G. linearifolia, Schum. ; A. DC. Pi-odr. I. c,
Pharnaceum occultum, Forsk. Fl. Ag. Arab. 58.

1.

with

Cr.

papillae.

The Punjab, Scinde, South Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon.

nistan, Africa,

Ava

Distrib.

Affgha-

{Wallich).

Glabrous. Stems 8-18 in. Leaves f-l in., oblong or elliptic, entire, narrowed
at the base petiole 0- in. Sepals f^ in. Filaments dilated below. Carpels usually
Seeds blackish, smooth, minutely glandular-punc5, in fruit as long as the sepals.
tate; embryo curved less than a semicircle.
;

7.

ZiiniZSUBZ, Linn.

Branched, mostly prostrate herbs glandular or glabrous. Leaves alternate

Flowers bracteate, cymed, hermaphrodite or unisexor subopposite stipules 0.
ual, small, green. Sepals 5, nearly free, ovate, herbaceous with membranous marPetals (in the Indian species) 3-5, small.
gins.
Stamens 5-10, hypogynous ;
filaments dilated downwards and somewhat connate at the base. Ovary globose,
2-celled; stigmas 2, short; ovule 1 in each cell, basal.
Fruit separating
vertically into two coriaceous hemispherical cocci, which at length dehisce
ventrally.
Seeds vertical, reniform; embryo annular.
Distrib. Species 10,
African, one reaching the west of India.
;

um.

Ij. indie
Stocks ms. ex T. Anders, in Joum. Linn. Soc. v
leaves spathulate round, capsule smooth.
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 596.

1.

30

Limeum.]

lxix. ficoide*:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

665

Punjab Edgeworth, Vioary, Aitcheson. Scindb ; Stocks. Distrib. Aden, Nubia.

Subprostrate, glandular-puberulous or glabrate
branches 8-18 in., much
divided. Leaves %Jt in., opposite or nearly so petiole in.
Cymes sessile (or nearly
so) at the nodes. Sepals in., roundish. Petals much shorter than the sepals, obovate,
clawed, the upper margin incised or nearly fimbriate. Stamens 6-7 (Oliver). Carpels
in fruit as long as the sepals, hemispheric, dehiscing ventrally; margins of the
valves inflexed so as to retain the seed until moistened.
Seed reniform, longer than
broad, compressed, concavo-convex, perfectly smooth, whitish.
;

Order LXX.

U1VIBELLIFERJE.

(By 0. B. Clarke.)

Herbs (rarely in non-Indian species shrubs or trees). Leaves alternate,

usually divided or dissected, sometimes simple, petiole generally sheathing at
the base ; stipules 0. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in compound umbels
(simple in Hydrocotyle and Bupleurum), exterior of the umbel sometimes
radiant umbels with involucriform bracts at the base of the general one and
Calyx-tube adnate to
bracteoles at the base of the partial ones (umbellules).
the ovary, limb
or 5-toothed.
Petals 5, epigynous, often unequal, and with
a median fold on the face, plane or emarginate or 2-lobed with the apex
Stamens 5,
inflexed imbricated in bud, in Hydrocotyle sometimes valvate.
epigynous.
Ovary inferior, 2-celled, disc 2-lobed styles 2, stigmas capitellate ;
ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit of 2 indehiscent dorsally or laterally
compressed carpels, separated by a commissure carpels each attached to and
often pendulous from a slender often forked axis (carpophore), with 5 primary
ridges (1 dorsal, 2 marginal and 2 intermediate) and often 4 secondary ones
intercalated between these ; pericarp often traversed by oil canals (vittae). Seed
1 in each carpel, pendulous, albumen cartilaginous ; embryo small, next the
;

Distrib. Species 1,300, mainly in Europe, North

Africa, West Central' and North Asia; a few are North American, tropical, and
natives of the Southern Hemisphere.

hilum, radicle superior.

Tordylium

is

stated in Gen.

PL

i.

We

871 to be Himalayan.

have seen no spe-

cimens.

An

umbellifer in flower, Edgw. No. 175 from the North-west Himalaya, alt.
ft, may be Johrenia alpina, Fenzl.

6000-7000

Clavis of the. Genera (as to the Indian species only).

Series
Vittce 0.

J.

Heterosciadise.

Umbels simple or irregularly

compound.

f
t

Leaves undivided. Stipulate. Fruit laterally compressed

Leaves spinulose-serrate. Flowers capitate
Leaves compound not spinulose. Umbels subcorymbose

Series

II.

Tribe

I.

Umbels compound.
Trachydium 9-jugum).

Haplozyg'iae.

fruit inconspicuous (except in

Ammineee.

1.

2.
.

3.

Hydrocotyle.
Ebyngittm.
Sanicula.

Secondary ridges of the

Fruit laterally compressed, or at

least constricted

at the commissure, not or very obscurely winged.

* Carpels in outline ovate or oblong, not distinctly narrowed upwards, excavated or concave on the inner face seed grooved or concave on the inner face.
;

666

lxx. umbellifer^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Bracteoles simple, linear

Bracteoles lobed or pinnatifid
Bracteoles entire, lanceolate, white-margined

....

Vicatia.

4.

.5.

Tbachydium.
EljEosticta.

6.

** Carpels in outline ovate or oblong, not distinctly narrowed upwards, plane

on the inner face ; seed plane or concave on the inner face.

Leaves

Flowers yellow or lurid

entire.

Umbels short-peduncled,

leaf-opposed, ebracteolate

....

Eidges of the fruit thick, corky

Stem rigid, branched, almost leafless. Fruit densely hairy
Eidges of the fruit slender, valleys 1-vittate
Eidges of the fruit obtuse, corky, valleys 2-3-vittate
Eidges of the fruit slender, valleys #-3-vittate
.

7.

Bupletjbtjm.

8.

Apium.

9.

10.

Cicuta.
Pittjranthos.

11.

Cabum.

.12.

Sitjm.

Pimpinella.

13.

*** Carpels in outline elongate oblong', seed in horizontal section nearly circular, grooved

on the inner face.

Ultimate segments of the leaves large, fruit attenuate at base 14.

Fruit oblong, narrowed upwards, distinctly ridged, glabrous
15.
Fruit narrowed upwards into a long beak
16.
Fruit oblong, narrowed upwards, obscurely ridged, hispid
.17.

Osmorrhiza.
Chjerophyllum.

Scanbix.
Anthriscus.

Tribe

II.

Seselineae.

section circular or
*

Primary

Fruit widest at the commissure, in horizontal

somewhat dorsally compressed.

ridges of the fruit

more or

less distinct,

not alate.

Fruit globose or subcylindric, ridges distinct. Petals white . 18. Sesbli.

Central flower of the umbellule sessile perfect, lateral male
pedicelled

19.

Leaves cut into filiform segments. Bracts 0. Petals yellow

Fruit f in., roughly corrugate between the ridges
Fruit with all the ridges equal, broad, obtuse, corky

....

Bracts prominent.
Bracts 0, or small.
**

Fruit ovoid, vittae oo

Fruit ovoid, vittae

Pycnocycla.

20. Fosnicuxtjm.
21. Pbangos.
22. CEnanthe.
23. Schtjltzia.
24. Polyzygtjs.

"Primary ridges of'the fruit (or the lateral only) more or

less

excurrent,

f Valleys next the dorsal ridge 2-3-vittate.

Petals emarginate. Fruit less than \ in.
Petals subentire. Fruit \ in

25. Ligustictjm.
30. Abchangelica.

tt Valleys next the dorsal ridge 1-vittate (very rarely lor 2 additional
superficial vittce are present), in

Pleurospermum Candollii

stnall

S-2-vittate.

Leaves very compound. Seed plane on the inner face . 26. Selinum.
Carpels much compressed dorsally
Stemless, or short.
.
.27. Cortia.
Seed grooved or concave on the inner face
28. Pieubospebmum.
Leaves compound pinnate with large segments. Fruit in.
29. Angemca.
Tall.

Tribe III. Peucedaneae.

Fruit much dorsally compressed, dorsal
ridges slightly excurrent lateral winged, wings of the opposite carpels closely
applied face to face.
Petioles of the leaflets winged.

Flowers not radiant.

Ovary pubescent.

Wings

Petals yellow.

Ovary glabrous

Fruit

in.

31.

Ferula.

32.

Peucedanum.
Heracleum.

Vittae rarely reaching the base of the fruit 33.

of carpels hyaline with a very thick border
.
.34. Zosimia.
.
.

Hydrocotyle.~\

lxx. umbellifeejs.

(C. B. Clarke.)

667

Series III. Diplozyg-iee.

Umbels compound. Secondary ridges of the
fruit prominent, primary equally or less prominent or inconspicuous.
*

Fruit glabrous.

Fruit globose. Bracts

Fruit narrowly oblong.

** Fruit hirsute or

34.* Coriandrtjm.
34.** Ctjminum.

Bracts slender, simple

setose.

Bracts pinnate. Seed plane on the inner face

Bracts linear, or 0. Seed grooved on the inner face
Bracts linear-lanceolate, membranous

1.

35. Daucus.
.36. Caucalis.
37.

Psammogeton.

HYDROCOTYLE, Linn.

Prostrate herbs, rooting at the nodes. Leaves (in the Indian species) cordate
or hastate, not peltate, round or 5-9-gonal, subentire or palmately lobed, palmate-nerved, long-petioled stipules small, scarious.
Umbels (in the Indian
species) simple, small; bracts small or 0; flowers white, sometimes unisexual.
Calyx-teeth
or minute. Petals entire, valvate or imbricate. Fruit
laterally compressed, commissure narrow carpels laterally compressed or subpentagonal lateral primary ridges concealed within the commissure, or distant
therefrom and prominent vittse 0, or most slender, obscure carpophore 0.
Seed laterally compressed. Distrib. Species 70 ; in wet places in tropical and
temperate regions, more numerous in the Southern Hemisphere.
;

Section
0.

Eu-Hydrocotyle.

I.

Secondary ridges

Petals acute, valvate.

Pericarp not thickened.

1. H. javanica, Thunb. Dissert, ii. 415, t. 3; leaves 1-3 in. diam. cordate crenate, subentire or lobed to the middle, petiole laxly pubescent, peduncles
long upper often clustered, fruit much compressed not pentagonal. DC. Prod?'.
iv. 67 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 734 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
113.
H. hispida, Don Prodr. 183. H. nepalensis, Hook. Exot. Fk t. 30
H. zeylanica, DC. I. c. 67; W. $
Wall. Cat. 561
I. c. 65 ; Miq. I. c. 735.
A. Prodr. 366 Miq. I. c. 734. H. hirsuta, Plume Bijd. 884. H. polycephala,
W. $ A. Prodr. 366; Wight 1c. t. 1003. H. hirta, R. Br. Far. aeutiloba, F.
Muell. Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 340. H. Hey ne ana, Wall. Cat. 563. H. strigosa, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7219.
;

DC

Himalaya
2000-6000
nasserim,

ft.,

alt.

from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 2000-8000 ft. Khasia Mts., alt.

Pegu and Tecommon.
Mts. of Malabar and Ceylon, common.
2000-5000 ft. Distrib. Malaya to the Philippines and Australia,
;

Mozambique.
Peduncles ^-2 in., lower solitary,
in. diam., pubescent or glabrous.
bracts minute lanceolate scales among
Umbels many-flowered
leaf-opposed.
Fruit
in., orbicular or subquadrate,
the pedicels
pedicels 0-i in., glabrous.
deformed, enlarged, obovoid, corky);
reticulate-rugose or smooth (sometimes
pericarp hard, thin.
lateral primary ridges commissural, intermediate faint or
;
Fruits exceedingly uniform even in minute characters from the Himalaya to Ceylon.
Thunberg describes H. javanica as glabrous, but all the specimens so named from Java
have at least the petioles and peduncles pubescent and are identical with the Indian.
H. hirsuta, Blume, is a form with fulvous pubescence abundant in the Eastern Himalaya.
H. polycephala, Wight 111. t. 117, fig. 1, represents the carpels as subpenta-

Leaves 1-3

gonal and

little

compressed

laterally,

and perhaps was taken from H. rotundifolia.

668

(C.B.Clarke.)

lxx. umbelltferj:.

[Hydrocotyle.

Var. 1. podantha, Molkenboer in PI. Jungh. 89 (sp.) pedicels | in. Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 732. Sikkitn, Bhotan, Khasia, frequent. Peduncles sometimes 3 in.
Fruits ovoid, intermediate primary ridges 0. Keferred to H. podantha from the
description only; Molkenboer relies partly on the leaves being setulose, but so
they are in typical H.javanica. H. laxiflora, DC. Prodr. iv. 61 ( = H. densiflora, DC.
Prodr. iv. 61), does not differ unless by the fruits being slightly less compressed.
Vab. 2. Hookeri leaves Very pentagonal little lobed, peduncles 6 in., fruit little
compressed yellowish shining with red glandular dots. Khasia, alt. 5000-6000 ft. ;
H.f. 4" T. Leaves 1\ in. diam., sparingly setulose. Fruit somewhat pentagonal, the
immediate primary ridges more- defined, nearly as in H. rotundifolia. This may be
a distinct species.

2.

K. burmanica, Kurz

ii.

113

in Journ. As. Soe. 1871, pt. ii. 60, and 1877,

quite glabrous, leaves 5-lobed to the middle, lobes triangular acute
crenate, peduncles long; pedicels in., fruit moderately compressed somewhat
pt.

pentagonal.

Upper Tenasserim

3000-5000 ft. Brandts, Parish.

Peduncles 1-2| in., lower solitary leaf-opposed, upper
Umbels many -flowered bracts minute.
Fruit Jj in., broadly orbicular,
2-3-nate.
obscurely punctate not reticulate lateral primary ridges commissural, intermediate
appearing as slightly elevated angles; pericarp hard, thin. Very n*ar H. javanica,
It may be
differing in its glabrousness, 5-gonous leaves, and less compressed fruits.
H. javanica (cf. Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 4) when No. 1 must be called
Leaves 1-2A

in.

alt.

diam.

H.

hirsuta,

Blume.

leaves cordate crenate subentire or

3. H. conferta, Wight Ic. t. 1002
lobed to the middle, petiole laxly pubescent, umbels subsessile, fruit somewhat
compressed subpentagonal.
;

South Deccan

Pulney Mts., Wight; Nilgherry Mts., Gardner, Schmidt.

diam., setulose.
Umbels 5-15-flowered peduncle when visible
Fruit
in., orbicular, obscurely punctate, not retiglabrous, any bracts obscure.
primary
ridges
commissural,
intermediate, appearing as slightly
culate; lateral
hard,
thin.
Prom the size and hairiness of the leaves
elevated angles pericarp
supposed
near
H.
javanica,
differing
by its sessile clusters of fruit in
this has been
the axils but in the structure of its fruit it is exceedingly like H. rotundifolia

Leaves 1-2^

in.

with wh|ch indeed it is mixed by Wight

differs but by the larger more hairy leaves.

and from some forms of which

it

hardly

4. H. rotundifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 38 ; leaves orbicular-cordate subentire or lobed to the middle or lower, pedicels 0, fruit somewhat compressed pentagonal. Wall. Cat. 562 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 64 ; Wight Ic.
H. nitidula, A. Richd. DC. Prodr. iv. 66 Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 29. H.
t. 564.
H. ranunculoides,
tenella, Don Prodr. 183 DC. I. c. 64; W. $ A. Prodr. 366.
Blume Bijd. 884 (Jide Molkenboer). H. puncticulata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.
H. Zollinger!, Molkenb. ; Miq. I. c. 733. H. perexigua, Fiance in Walp.
i. 733.
Ann. ii. 691.
;

North- West Himalaya

alt.

Sikkim and Khasia, frequent.

Throughout Malaya. Guinea.

in

ft.
Bengal Plain, ascending to 4000 ft.
Malabar and Ceylon, Wight. Distrib.

4000-7000
Mts. of

Leaves \-\ in. diam., glabrous and shining or pubescent or subvillous on both surPeduncles glabrous, 0-f in., sometimes on the same specimen bracts obscure ;
in., broadly orbicular, smooth, sometimes punctate
umbels 10-1 5 -flowered. Fruit
lateral primary ridges commissural (more prominent than in the three preceding
Easily separated
species), intermediate forming elevated angles pericarp hard, thin.
from the three preceding species by the much smaller leaves. The multiplication of
names is chiefly due to the variability in the length of the peduncle, the specimens

faces.

Hydrocotyle.]

lxx. umbellifer^:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

069

being in other respects very uniform. Some of the hill examples have shining
glabrous subserrate leiHes, the peduncles in. other plains' examples closely procumbent on mud are villous with sessile umbels. H. kirta, R. Br. differs (if at all)
by its laxly hairy peduncles see Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 340, as to Var. pusilla only.
H. sibthorpioides, LamJc. DC. Prodr. I. c. 66, which extends throughout SouthEastern Asia and Japan, only differs (from the form nitidula) by the rather larger
leaves and longer peduncles.
;

Section

II.

Centella.

distinct as the primary.

Secondary ridges as

Petals obtuse, imbricate.

much thickened.

Pericarp

5. H. asiatica, Linn. ; Rpxb. Hort. Beng. 31, Fl. Ind. ii. 88 ; leaves
orbicular-reniforin entire crenate or lobulate, peduncle short, bracts small ovate
embracing the flowers, pedicels 0, umbel 3-6-flowered.
Wall. Cat. 560 ; DC.

Prodr. iv. 62; W. % A. Prodr. 366; Wight Ic. t. 565; Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 105 j Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 113. H. Wightiana, Wall. Cat.

H.

7220.

lurida,

Hance

in Walp.

Ann.

ii.

690. Rheede Hort. Mai.

x.

t.

46.

0-2000 ft. from the Himalaya to Ceylon and Malacca

frequent.
Distrib. Tropical and subtropical regions.
Leaves -2 in. diam., usually glabrous or nearly so petiole pubescent or glabrous.
Peduncles about | in., often 2-3-nate, laxly pubescent or glabrous; bracts - in.,
not scattered among the pedicels (as in Eu-Hydrocotyle and in Araliacece). Fruit
^- in. Carpels oblong, subcylindric, curved, slightly compressed, much longer than
broad, reticulate-rugose, often crowned by the subpersistent petals, each with 9 curvilinear subsimilar ridges, and 2 within the commissure
pericarp thickened,
woody, white. Seed compressed laterally. In this species it seems to be the endocarp
that is so greatly thickened, and that is adnate to the exocarp, thus invalidating one
of the most uniform distinctions between Umbelliferee and Araliacece (see Gen. PI.

Throughout India,

alt.

i.

861).

2.

ERYNGIUM,

Linn.

Spinescent, glabrous, erect, perennial herbs (the Indian species).

Leaves
spinous-toothed, entire lobed or dissected. Flowers in simple heads, each bracCalyx-tube covered with
teolate; bracts stellate, spinulose (in Indian species).
teeth rigid, acute.
Petals white, narrow^ erect,
ascending hyaline scales
emarginate, scarcely imbricate. Fruit ellipsoid, nearly cylindric carpels dorsally subcompressed, subconcave on the inner face ; primary ridges obtuse not
vittae in the primary ridges inconspicuous or 0, with
prominent, secondary
some very slender scattered in the endocarp carpophore 0. Seed semi-terete,
Distrib. Species 100,
dorsally subcompressed, subconcave on the inner face.
temperate and tropical plentiful in Western Asia.
;

1. E. caeruleum, Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 200, excl. syn. ; radical leaves
long-petioled cordate-oblong undivided crenate not spinulose, upper cauline
Boiss. Fl. Orient.
sessile palmately divided into lanceolate spinulose segments.
E. planum, Lindl. in Royle III. 232, not of Linn.
ii. 823.

Kashmir,

alt.

5000-6000

ft.

Falconer,

T.

Thomson, Levinge.

Distrib.

Cabul,

Persia, Turkestan.

Kadical
ft., erect, undivided below, corymbose and often bluish above.
by If in., petiole 2-6 in.; lower cauline often similar smaller with shorter
petioles, but more often subsessile, elliptic, acute, undivided, serrate or subspinulose.
Bracts 5-6, 1 in., linear, with a few spines on the margins, sometimes short exterior
bracteoles linear, spinulose, simple, exceeding the
spines alternating with them
flowers; a few (in the outermost row but one) sometimes spinous, subtrifid.

Stems 2-3

leaves 5

Cqlyx-tube densely scaly teeth lanceolate-subulate, spinescent.

Fruit

in.

This


670

;;

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. tjmbellifeiue.

[Eryngium.

has been referred to E. dichotomum, Desf. which has the radical leaves oblong entire
not spinulose and altogether differs. It is certainly BoissieA plant referred by him
to Biebersteins.
2. E. Billardieri, Delaroche Eryng. 25, t. 2 ; radical leaves long-petioled
3-partite segments 3-fid or pinnatifid spinous-toothed, cauline sessile palmately
3-5-partite.
DC. Trodr. iv. 88 ; JBoiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 825. E. Kotschyi, Boiss.
Diagn. se?\ 2, v. 97. E. cserulescens, Jacquem. Journ.

Kashmir, alt. 5000-6000 ft. Jacquemont, Falconer, &c. Ladak T. Thomson,

Scinde Stocks. Distrib. Western Asia.
Stem 6-18 in., erect or branching from the base, corymbose often bluish above.
Kadical leaves 2-4 in. diam., often hastate petiole 2-4 in. lower cauline sometimes
similar but short-petioled. Bracts 5-7, 1 in., linear, with few or
spines on the
margins; short spines alternate with and somewhat exterior to the bracts; bracCalyx-tube with lanceolate
teoles linear, spinulose, simple, exceeding the flowers.
Fruit in. The Indian examples are
scales, teeth lanceolate-subulate spinescent.
all smaller with smaller heads than the type-specimens of E. Billardieri and are perhaps Var, meiocephalum, Boiss. 1. c. The bracts are frequently without spines, but
the radical leaves are not narrowly dissected enough for E. Heldreichii, Boiss. I. c.
The radical leaves early disappear, it is then much like E. ceeruleum but can
826.
generally be distinguished by its much less strict stem and dissected lower cauline

SANICULA,

3.

Linn.

Erect herbs. Leaves palmately 3-5-partite, segments toothed lobed or disUmbels irregularly compound, rays few ; bracts sessile, leaf-like
umbellules usually small with small bracteoles. Flowers mostly unisexual.
Petals white, emarginate,
Calyx-tube villous, subechinate teeth herbaceous.
Fruit echinate, ovoid or slightly compressed laterally, comslightly imbricate.
carpels ^-terete or subterete, plane on the inner
missure broad, carpophore
vittas small, solitary in
face, ridges all obscure, lateral primary commissural
each primary ridge, with some very slender scattered in the endocarp. Seed
nearly terete. Distrib. Species 10, 1 only in the Old World.

sected.

1.

S. europcea, Linn.; EC. Prodr.

84; leaves glabrous mucronate-

iv.

perfect flowers sessile male

usually pedicelled. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 832 Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877,
S. elata, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 183 ; Wall. Cat. 559
EC. 1. c. 85
pt. ii. 114.
W. Sr A. Prodr. 367 Wight. III. t. 117, fig. 2; Wight Ic. tt. 334, 1004. S.
S. montana, Reinw. DC. I. c. 85.
javanica, Blume Bijd. 882 DC. I.e. 85.
S.
hermaphrodita, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 183.
serrate, bracteoles linear shorter

than the

fruits,
;

Himalaya; from Kashmir to Bhotan

common. Burma.
alt. 3000-5500 ft.
;

Mts.,

alt.

4000-12,000

Mts. of

ft.;

common.

Khasia

Malabar and Ceylon.

Dis-

trib. Europe, Asia, Africa.

Umbel
Height 1-3 ft. Kadical leaves 2-6 in. diam., persistent; petiole 1-6 in.
Umbellules few2-3 to 18 in. diam. rays divaricate, repeatedly 2-3-chotomous.
Calyx-teeth lanceolate.
Fruit
in., densely
flowered male pedicels often in.
covered with hooked bristles, slightly compressed laterally.
;

4.

Perennial herbs, glabrous.

Umbels compoimd
narrow.
linear.

VZCATXA,

DC.

Leaves pinnately compound, ultimate segments

;

bracts 1 linear, small, or

bracteoles several,
;
Petals obovate, emarginate, white pink or

Calyx-margin obsolete.

lxx. umbellifer^.

Vicatia.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

671

Fruit ovoid, narrowed at the apex, scarcely laterally compressed,

purple-red.
distinctly constrictedat the commissure.
Carpels grooved on the inner face,
subpentagonal or subterete, dorsally subcompressed ; lateral primary ridges
commissural, intermediate slender but distinct vittse 2-3 in each furrow, not
large ; carpophore entire or bifid.
Seed subterete, grooved on the inner face.
Distrib. Species 2-3, Himalayan.
;

Separable from Pimpinella only by the deeper groove on the inner face of the mericarps as

V.

DC.

states.

coniifolla, DC.

Prod?', iv. 243 ; ultimate segments of the leaves

broadly grooved on the inner face.
Sison ? coniifolium,
Wall. Cat. 591. Chaerophyllum gracillimum, Rlotzsch in Heis. Pr. Waldem.
Bot. 149, t. 46. Ligusticum ? meoides, Jacquem. Journ.
1.

linear, carpels ovate

Himalaya, alt. 6000-12,000 ft.

common.
Stem 1-2 ft., ascending, divided,

from Baltistan

and

Kashmir

to

Nepal,

striate, sparingly leafy.

Leaves usually 3-pinPeduncle 2-6 in.
nate, ultimate segments linear or narrowly oblong-linear, acute.
Bract rarely exceeding ^ in., very rarely more than 1 or slightly divided ; primary
rays of the umbel 6-12, |-2 in., rigid, angularly striate ; bracteoles 3-6, often as long
as the umbellule. Fruit -|- in., disc prominent, styles short.

2.

V. millefolia,

B.

C.

Clarke

ultimate

segments of the leaves

Chserophyllum

setaceous, carpels oblong narrowly grooved on the inner face.

millefolium, Klotzsch in Beis. Br. Waldem. Bot. 149, t. 45.

Kashmir; Tragbol, alt. 11,400 ft., C. B. Clarice. ? Nipal ; Hoffmeister. Sixxim ;

Jongri, alt. 12,000-13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.
Stem 4-6 in., rarely 12 m. Cauline leaves 2-4 in., 2-3-4-pinnate, ultimate segin., oblong or narrow-oblong; disc prominent;
Fruit
in.
ments scarcely
United with V. coniifolia by Bentham (in Gen. PI. i. 883), but the fruit
styles short.
is very much smaller, less grooved on the inner face, and the leaves are much more

&-&

finely cut.

C. B. Clarke; secondary pinnae of the cauline

3. V. 1 Stewartii,
leaves deeply cut into small narrow-lanceolate teeth, carpels plane on the inner
face, seed with a T-shaped groove on the inner face.

GrURWHAL,

alt.

6500

ft.,

Stewart.

Bracts small or 0. Bracteoles linear, unequal, some overtopping the flowering

Fruit (not quite ripe) | in., rather larger than that of V. coniifolia,
umbellules.
ridges obscure ; vittse in each furrow 3 -4, small.

5.

TRACHYDIUM, /iw//.

Perennial herbs, glabrous or minutely hirsute. Leaves 1- 2- or 3-pinnate.

Umbels compound, sometimes sessile, when the inflorescence appears to consist
of simple umbels on clustered long peduncles bracts several, foliaceous, lobed
bracteoles 5-10, similar, often united at the base, sometimes
or pinnate
white membranous on the margins, often equalling the rays. Calyx-margin
Petals white or pink, elliptic, subobsolete or prominent, entire or nearly so.
Fruit
acute, or emarginate by the greater or less inflexion of the apex.
ovoid or subquadrate, laterally subcompressed, slightly constricted at the commissure, smooth or tubercled carpels terete primary ridges distinct, sometimes
thickened, spongy, rugose or tubercled, lateral at the commissure secondary
;

; ;

[Trachydiwn,

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. umbellifer^;.

672

ridges 0, or like the primary ; vittae 1-2 between each primary ridge ; carpophore
Seed subpentagonal, lunate, dorsally subcompressed,
entire 2-fid or 2-partite.
concave on the inner face. Distrib. Species 10, Himalayan or Central Asiatic,

and

1 Abyssinian.

Enneazy

g"on. Fruit truncate

Subgen.
ridges of the carpels 9, equal, hollow, obtuse.
1.

T. novem-jugfum,

cular crenate.

Trachydiuni

C.

sp. 5,

calyx-margin spongy, patent

B. Clarke', radical leaves pinnate, pinnse orbiHerb. Ind. Or. H.f. T.

12,000-15,000 ft. Lama Kangra, Tungu, and Yeumtong J. D. H.

grooved, thick, hollow. Kadical leaves 3 in. pinnae 7, in. diam.,
Bracts like reduced leaves with narrower pinnae ; bracteoles
reticulale-nerved.
Umbels often subsessile rays 2-3 in.,
linear-obovate, toothed lobed or subpinnatifid.
rays of the umbellule often 15-20. Petals lurid green.
Styles
thick, often hollow
-> ov id, subquadrate, somewhat cordate at the base, slightly
very small. Fruit j$-jo
narrowed close under the calyx-margin which is wider than the summit of the fruit;
Carpels semi-terete; primary and secondary
style bases depressed, inconspicuous.
ridges cellular, hollow, almost covering the carpel, smooth vittae about 8 (excluding
Seed -terete, dorsally subcomthose on the commissure); carpophore 2-partite.
pressed, slightly grooved on the inner face.

SnooM,

alt,

Stem 0-2

in.,

Fruit narrowed upwards or truncate; calyxSubgeit. Pentazyg-on.

margin not prominent; ridges of the carpel 5, simple inflated rugose or
tubercled, secondary wanting.
radical leaves 2- sub-3-pinnate
2. T. Roylei, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232
ultimate segments lanceolate-linear, ridges tubercled. Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bat.
67, t. 79.
;

North-west Himalaya Lance

Kashmir; alt. 11,000-14,000

West Tibet;
Strachey
C.

B. Clarke.
Stem 0-2

Falconer.
Winterbottom.

Lanjar,
ft.;

in

alt.

17,500

many

ft.,

places,

Eadical leaves 3 in. (including petiole),

with some of the rays (peduncles of single
umbels?) again umbelled; bracts leaf-like bracteoles 6-10, 1-2-pinnate, with lanFruit
ceolate acute ultimate segments, often white-membranous on the margin.
i-i in., ellipsoid, narrowed upwards primary ridges inflated, spongy, of cellular
tissue, nearly covering the carpel, glistening when very young, then rugulose, lax,
Seed ^-terete, dorfinally tubercled vittae usually 2 between the primary ridges.
sally subcompressed, subpentagonal.
in., thick,

oblong-lanceolate.

grooved, often hollow.

Umbel

solitary, sessile,

3. T. dissectum, C. B. Clarke', radical leaves 2-pinnate, secondary

pinnae pinnatifid glabrous ultimate segments small linear acute, fruit small ovoid
Cortia, sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. fy T.
truncate, ridges narrow not rugose.

Sikkim; Tungu, alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. J. D. H.

Stem 0-7 in., not thickened. Peduncles 1-4 in. bracts linear-oblong, pinnatifid,
segments lanceolate-linear acute bracteoles pinnate with narrow acute segments
Style-\}&&Q8 prominent in the young fruit.
Fruit
in.,
primary rays \-\\ in.
pericarp thin, slightly inflated
ridges hollow, much
slightly narrowed upwards
preceding
species,
1-2
furrows nearly covering the fruit, vittae
narrower than in the
Carpophore slender, 2-partite. Seed lunate, dorsally compressed.
in each furrow.
;

4. T. hirsutulum, C. B. Clarke ; radical leaves 2-pinnate, secondary

pinnae pinnatifid hirsute ultimate segments small linear acute, fruit small
ovoid truncate ridges narrow not rugose.


Trachydium.]

lxx. umbelliferj:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

673

B.H

Sikkim; Tungu, alt. 13,000-14,000 ft., J.

Stem 0, crown greatly thickeued. Leaves with ascending fine hairs on the midrib.
Umbel solitary, sessile, with some of the rays again umbelled. Bracteoles 3-6,
^-1 in., 3-fid or pinnatifid. Carpophore stout, 2-fid. Fruit nearly as of T. dissection,
but the ridges less acute, the style-bases less prominent.
5. T. obtusiusculum, C. B. Clarke; cauline leaves pinnate pinnae
pinnatifid ultimate segments lanceolate subacute, fruit ovoid-oblong narrowed
upwards, ridges narrow undulated not rugose.
Ligusticum obtusiusculum,

Hymenolaena obtusiuscula, DC. Prodr.

Wall. Cat. 543.

podium

sp. 3,

Herb. Ind. Or. H.f.

iv.

246.

Trachy-

T.

Nipal, Gossain Than ; Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 11,000-13,000 ft, Tungu, Lachen,
Jongri J. B. H. C. B. Clarke.
Stem (including the terminal peduncle) often 1 foot, grooved, hollow. Kadical
leaves (including the petiole) 3-4 by 1 in., in Sikkim examples twice as large as Nipal
ones; pinnae 7-1 1, segments oblong toothed or lobulate.
Bracts of a dilated
narrow oblong entire petiole and sub-bipinnate limb with narrow remote segments
in Sikkim examples, ovate pinnatifid with approximate broad lanceolate segments
in Nipal ones.
Fruit \ in.; style-bases conical, prominent; primary ridges lax;
pericarp thin, somewhat inflated; vittoe usually 2 between the primary ridges;
carpophore 2-fid. Seed semiterete, dorsally subcompressed, hardly concave on the
inner face.
Var. stricta; ultimate segments and bracts more acuminate, primary rays shorter,
Trachydium, sp. 6. Herb. Ind. Or.
fruit more truncate less narrowed upwards.
H.f. $ T. Sikkim, Chola Pass, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., /. B. H. This may be a
distinct species.
Stems very erect, rays of the umbel 1-1 in., not much divaricate;
but the only distinction of importance is in the fruit which, though not well ripened,
is unlike that of T. obtusiusculum at the same stage.
;

6.

ELJEOSTICTA,

Fend,

Annual herbs, glabrous, erect, corymbose upwards or simple. Leaves 1-3Umbels compound ; bracts and bracteoles
pinnate, ultimate segments linear.
Petals obovate, emarginate.
Disc depressed,
Calyx-teeth 0.
several, scarious.
Fruit elliptic, truncate, laterally compressed,
Styles short.
inconspicuous.
didymous primary ridges very slender or 0, vittse in each furrow 3-1, minute
carpophore 2-partite or entire. Seed lunate, margins incurved, hence broadly
grooved on the inner face. Distbib. Species 4, in Western and Central Asia.
;

This genus is placed by Bentham {Gen. PI. i. 896) under Conopodium, but differs
in the short truncate fruit, the deeply grooved seed, and scarious bracts.
1.

B. meifolia, Fenzl

in Flora 1843,

458

bracts 5-6 lanceolate, brac-

Scaligeria meifolia, Boiss.

teoles similar but smaller, fruit broader than long.
Butinia libanotica,
S. elata, Boiss. fy Haussk. ; Boiss. I. c.
Fl. Orient, ii. 887.
Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ii. 62.

Punjab Plain

Aitcheson.

Distrib.

Persia, Syria.

Boot fusiform. Stem 1-3 ft., erect, panicled upwards or (in the small Indian exFruit
Kays of the umbel 5-11, f-H in- Pedicels 6-12, in.,
ample) simple.
JL by JL in., depressed didymous ridges obsolete vittae minute, 2-1 in each furrow.
The Indian solitary example may be a new species, but is more probably only a
small specimen the fruit is even smaller than in E. meifolia type, the carpophore
;

subentire.

vol. n.

x x


674

lxi. UMBELLiFEiLa.

7.

;;

[Bupleurum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

BUPLEUBUM, Linn.

Umbels compound ; bracts and

Glabrous herbs, or shrubs. Leaves entire.
bracteoles foliaceous, or setaceous, or 0.
Flowers yellow or lurid, pedicelled
Petals obovate, emarginate. Styles short. Fruit
or subsessile.
Calyx-teeth 0.
laterally compressed, slightly constricted at the commissure carpels terete or
subpentagonal
primary ridges distinct, sometimes subalate, rarely obscure
secondary 0, or obscure ; vittae 1-3 between the primary ridges, rarely
or
many ; carpophore entire 2-fid or 2-partite. Disc depressed, rarely prominent
Seed terete, sometimes slightly grooved on the inner face. Distrib.
in fruit.
Species 60, European and temperate Asiatic: 1 South African, 1 Arctic
;

American.

A genus
1.

at once recognised

by

its

absolutely entire leaves.

B. plantag-inifolium, Wight

Ic.

t.

281

upper cauline leaves

broadly oblong obtuse mucronate, bracts 3-5 elliptic foliaceous, fruit in.
oblong subquadrate subalate, furrows 1-vittate.
Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula; Nilghiris, alt. 6000-8000 ft., Wight, &c.
Lower leaves linear-oblong; upper cauline 2-4 by f-l in.,
Stout, bushy, 2-7 ft.
subsessile, shortly narrowed at the base; nerves 10-30, subpalmate; secondary nuBracts |-1 in., subequal
bracteoles 4-5, JA in.,
merous, distinct, reticulate.
oblong-elliptic, mucronate; rays 6-12, grooved; pedicels 4-12, shorter than the
Carpels strongly pentagonal ridges thick, obtuse, suborbicular, corky furfruit.
rows glaucescent, vittae very large carpophore 2-fid, often 2-partite; Seed subterete,.
deeply but obtusely 5-ridged.
;

middle cauline leaves petioled

2. B. lanceolatum, Wall. Cat. 551
ovate or broadly lanceolate, bract 1 small lanceolate or 0, fruit ovoid-oblong,
DC. Prodr. iv. 132.
ridges obscure, furrows 3-vittate.
;

North-west Himalaya

from Kashmir to Nipal,

alt.

4000-9000

ft.,

common.

Perennial, 1-5 ft., erect, nearly simple, or sometimes subpanicled with spreading
Lower leaves long-petioled, lanceolate; middle cauhorizontal branches 1 foot long.
line 3-5 by ^3 in., ovate, acuminate, occasionally rounded at the base, nerves 5-7,
subpalmate secondary nerves numerous, distinct, reticulate. Bracts % in., acute
bracteoles less than ^ in., linear, usually obsolete in the fruit rays 5-8, unequal
Fruit -| in.
Carpels much incurved when ripe,
pedicels 6-12, ^ in., subequal.
yellowish -brown, subviscid ; ridges distinct in imperfectly ripe fruit, small obsolete
Seed terete.
in the fully ripe ; carpophore entire.
;

3. B. Candollii, Wall. Cat. 552; upper cauline leaves subsessile oblong*

or ovate hardly cordate lower linear-oblong, bracteoles 4-5 elliptic or oblong
usually as long as the flowering umbellule, fruit ellipsoid-oblong, ridges promiDC. Prodr. iv. 131.
nent, furrows 3-vittate.

Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 8000-12,000 ft. frequent.

Perennial, 1-3 ft., erect- more or less corymbose upwards. Lower cauline leaves
2-5 by -% in. upper 1-4 by |-f in., acute, rarely acuminate, narrowed shortly at
the base, subsessile or sessile and amplexicaul; primary nerves 8-12, often subpin;

transverse nerves numerous, distinct, reticulating. Bracts 2-3 or 0,

ovate or oblong, acute, foliaceous, angular; bracteoles - in., foliaceous,
frequently longer than the fruiting umbellule ; rays 5-8, rather short pedicels about
half as long as the carpels.
Carpels ^ in., yellowish-brown, semi-terete or
dorsally subcompressed ; ridges distinct, but not thick nor winged ; carpophore entire.
nate, oblique

A-lA

in.,

Bupleurum."]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. umbellifer^i.

Seed nearly terete.

The

675

Kashmir and Chumba examples are much more slender

than the Sikkim.

jucundum,

Kurz in Seem.' Journ. Bot. 1867, 240; lower cauline

4. B.
leaves short-petioled obovate upper ovate amplexicaul deeply cordate, bracteoles
4-5 oblong acute usually shorter than the umbellule, fruit elliptic-oblong,
B. sachinalense, F. Schmidt Reis. Amurridges prominent, furrows 3-vittate.
B. heterophyllum, Jacquem. mss. (not of Link).
lande, 135.
Kashmir

Budrawur,

alt.

7000

C.

ft.,

B.

Clarice.

Lahttl

Jaeschhe.

Distrib.

Amurland.
Stems 1-2 ft., erect from a decumbent base, corymbose with long branches. Lower
cauline leaves 1-1^ in., orbicular, petiole scarcely -| in.; upper 1-2 in., orbicular or
ovate-oblong, mucronate, not peltate; primary nerves 10-20, palmate; transver.se
nerves numerous, distinct, oblique, reticulating. Bract 1, |-| in., ovate, foliaceous,
bracteoles 4-5, usually in., often
often amplexicaul or cordate, occasionally
;
pedicels about half as long as the carpels.
rays 5-8, somewhat stout, angular
Carpels nearly as in B. Candollii, but rather longer, in. B. aureum, Fisch., differs
in the much larger bracteoles, and the often perfoliate upper leaves.
Var. cachemirica; lower cauline leaves linear-oblong or linear, upper ovatelanceolate, ridges subalate.
Kashmir, alt. 7500-10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke; common.
Lower cauline leaves 5 by | in. Bracts often ; bracteoles of 1-4 oblong or linear
The extreme forms of this with tall simple stem corymbose near the
frequently 0.
summit, narrow leaves, and umbels nearly without bracts or bracteoles appear very
distinct from B. jucundum, but there are numerous intermediate forms.
;

5. B. Thomson!, C. B. Clarke ; cauline leaves linear upper lanceolate

or ovate cordate-amplexicaul, bracteoles 5-9 lanceolate acuminate or linear,
carpels glaucous 5-winged, furrows 4^3-vittate.

Kashmir Sonamurg, alt. 9250 ft., C. B. Clarice. North-west Himalaya, alt.

7000-9000 ft., T. Thomson.
Erect, 2-3 ft., corymbose.
Upper cauline leaves 2-4 in., lanceolate, acuminate,
uppermost sometimes ovate, transverse reticulating nerves obscure. Bracts usually
0, sometimes 1-2 lanceolate: rays of the umbel 6-10, 1-2| in.; bracteoles usually
as long as the flowering umbellules, caudate rays of the umbellule often 20, about
half as long as the mericarp. Fruit in., oblong, subquadrate carpels terete, wings
more than half as broad as the nucleus carpophore very thin, 2-partite. This has
been supposed to be allied to B. diversifolium but the foliage seems nearer that of
B. jucundum, var. cachemirica it should be compared with B. polyphyllum, Ledeb.
Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 851, of which no authentic example is at Kew.
;

6. B. diversifolium, Rochel PI. Ban. 68, t. 28, fig. 57; upper cauline
leaves lanceolate caudate base ovate amplexicaul scarcely cordate, bracteoles
5-8 narrow-lanceolate acuminate shorter than the fruiting umbellules, ridges
Reich. Ic. PI. Germ. t. 1885.
distinct, furrows 3-vittate.

Kashmir and Baltistan,

alt. 7000-9000 ft., Thomson.
B. Clarke. Distrib. West Asia, South-East Europe.
Lower cauline leaves linear, hardly broader upwards middle cauline completely
amplexicaul. Bracts 0, or 1, small, lanceolate: rays of the umbel 8-14; pedicels
- in. Fruit in. glaucous, in outline oblong disc brown, subprominent.
United with B.falcatum, Linn, both by Keichenbach I.e. and in Boiss. Fl. Orient.
ii. 850
it differs in the completely amplexicaul, usually inflated, base of the cauline
leaves, the lower leaves linear not at all obovate, the fruits glaucous much more
strongly ribbed. Whether regarded as a species or variety, India produces the plant
of Eochel in its most characteristic form.
North-west Himalaya,

alt,

9000-12,000

ft.,

C.

xx2

676

lxx. UMBELLiFERiE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Bnpleurum.

7. B. falcatum, Linn.-, DC. Prodr. iv. 132; radical leaves linear

broader upwards middle cauline linear acute narrowed at the base more or less
amplexicaul, bracts 1-5 lanceolate small or 0, bracteoles 4-5 distinctly shorter
than the fruiting urubellule, carpels narrowly oblong, ridges not prominent,
furrows 3-vittate. Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 158 Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 850. B. imaicolum, A. Kerner Nov. Sp. Fl. dec. ii. 19.
;

Himalaya; alt. 3000-12,000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan, frequent.

Khasia
Mts. alt. 3000-6000 ft., frequent. Distrib. Central and W. Asia, S. Europe.
Stem 1-4 ft., erect, corymbose upwards. Eadical leaves spathulate-oblong in the
typical European specimens, in the Indian (which belong to the form B. gramineum
;

they are but slightly broader upwards. Cauline leaves ^-amplexicaul or sessile,
long acuminate, secondary nerves not prominent. Bracts usually
in the Indian
forms, sometimes a few scarcely \ in.
bracteoles usually not longer than the
umbellule,
narrowly
lanceolate;
flowering
rays 5-8, li in.; pedicels 5-15, usually
less than half the length of the fruit.
Fruit ~-^ in., brown carpels terete, ridges
disc yellow or brownish, not prominent.
distinct
Var. 1. marginata, Wall. Cat. 566 (sp.) margins of the leaves prominently carDC. Prodr. iv. 132. Himalaya and Khasia Mts.; the most frequent
tilaginous.
Middle cauline leaves often completely amplexicaul, but narrowed not widened
form.
close to the base.
Var. 2. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 146, t. 52 (sp.); cauline
leaves numerous less acuminate scarcely at all amplexicaul, carpels \ in. glaucous,
Kashmir, alt. 8000 ft., C. B. Clarke; Falconer. Leaves
ridges very prominent.
somewhat suddenly acute, mucronate, glaucous, primary nerves strong, secondary
subprominent.
Var. 3. niqrocarpa, Jacquem. ms. (sp.) stems numerous from the crown, often procumbent, cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate or linear widest very near the amplexicaul
base, bracts 3-4, | in. lanceolate-linear, disc prominent on the half ripe fruit purpleB. virgatum, Wall. Cat. 555 not of W. # A.
black.
B. gracillimum, Klotzsch in
JReis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 148, t. 50 (sp.)
Baltistan, Kashmir, and N.W. Himalaya;
Sikkim; Yakla alt. 10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke
alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. frequent.
This has all the appearance of an alpine variety of B. falcatum. The leaves vary a
good deal in width the lower always linear, the uppermost sometimes ovate. In
habit it agrees with an authentic example of B. baldense, var. ceneum, Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 849, but the leaves seem never oblong.
Vill.)

mucronatum,

8. B.
W. 8c A. Prodr. 370; cauline leaves linear or
linear-oblong mucronate often subobtuse narrowed at the base, bracts 4r-5
lanceolate prominent, carpels elliptic, ridges prominent, furrows 2-1- (rarely 3-)
B. ramosissimum, W. fy A. Prodr. 370 ; Wight. Ic. t. 1007. B. falvittate.
catum, Var. ramosissimum, Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. i.08. B. virgatum, W. 8f
A. Prodr. 370, not of Wall. B. nervosum, Moon Cat. 22.

Mts. of the South Deccan and Ceylon; alt, 5000-8000 ft. plentiful.
Differs essentially from B. falcatum, Linn, in the fruit being elliptic instead of
oblong, shorter, and narrowed at the apex. Also there are invariably present
4 or 5 bracts, often ^ in., the bracteoles are more prominent usually exceeding
the flowering umbel lules, and the upper cauline leaves are less acuminate. W. & A.
have distinguished three forms as under:
Var. 1 typica stem little branched, upper leaves linear-oblong obtuse mucronate,
bracteoles sometimes exceeding the fruiting umbellules, carpels strongly ridged,
furrows usually with solitary large vittse. South Deccan.
Var. 2. ramosissima, W. & A. 1. c. (sp.) stem corymbose upwards, leaves less obtuse, bracteoles about as long as the flowering umbellules, carpels distinctly ridged,
furrows usually 2-vittate. South Deccan.
Var. 3. virgata, W. & A. 1. c. (sp.) habit nearly of B. falcata but the fruit very
markedly ellipsoid, often only \ in. long and nearly as broad, ridges not very promi;


Bupleurum."]

lxx. umbellifeile.

(C. B. Clarke.)

677

Bent, furrows usually 3-vittate

Ceylon.
Stem usually simple, erect, laxly corymbose
above, cauline leaves subacute. It is the existence of this var. that has led to the
referring the South Indian species to B. falcatum.
This Ceylon plant differs from

the Himalayan B. falcatum not only in the shortened fruit but in the invariable presence of 4-5 bracts.
9. B. distichophyllum, W. fy A. Prodr. 370 ;
lower cauline leaves
distichous bases closely imbricate sheathing, upper linear broadest at the base,
fruit elliptic, ridges distinct, furrows generally 1-vittate.
Wight Ic. t. 1006.

Nilghiei Mts., alt. 7000 ft.

Wight, &c.
Stem 4-14 in., slender, erect otherwise closely resembling B. mucronatum from
which it differs chiefly in the very small fruits (i in.). The lower distichous leaves
are in the typical examples very closely packed, 12-16 in the space of 1 in. but
when these are absent it is difficult to distinguish from small examples of B. mucronatum.
;

10. B. lonsficaule, Wall. Cat. 557 ; lower cauline leaves linear or lanceolate acute upper often wider at the base, bracteoles 5-8 elliptic-acuminate
foliaceous longer than the flowering umbellule, fruit oblong, ridges subalate,

DC.

furrows 3-vittate.

Prodr.

iv.

B. rupestre, Edgw. in Trans. Linn.

131.

Soc. xx. 52.

Himalaya, alt. 8-13,000 ft. from Kashmir to Sikkim; common.

Stem 8-24 in., erect, corymbose upwards sometimes branching from the root.
Leaves very variable in the "Wallichian type narrow-linear acute, the uppermost (and
;

the bracts) little wider, hardly oroader at the base, transverse nerves not prominent
in other examples upper leaves (as the bracts) ovate, acute, with very prominent
secondary nerves. Bracts 1-3 bracteoles 5-8, very prominent, with reticulating
nerves, often longer than the fruiting umbellule; rays 3-8, l-2 in., somewhat stout,
Petals and disc usually black.
Fruit - in.
striate.
Vae. 1. himalensis, Klotzsch in Eeis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 146, t. 51 (sp.); upper
leaves ovate-lanceolate base amplexicaul ovate almost cordate, bracteoles 8-10 very
brpad imbricate. Kashmir, alt. 12,000 ft., frequent. Connected by imperceptible
gradations with the Eastern plant.
Vae. 2. Balkousieana upper leaves and bracts ovate-lanceolate narrowed at the
base, petals yellow, disc brown, fruit stongly ridged hardly winged usually thrice as
long as the pedicel. Dalhousie and Dhurmsala, alt. 8000-12,000 ft.; plentiful,
Stems 4-8 in., sometimes erect 24 in., much divided or simple, corymC. B. Clarke.
bose at the top. Upper leaves and bracts with the transverse nerves obscure.
Bracteoles smaller than in typical B. longicaule, less acuminate, and much less
The true affinity of this form
foliaceous, the transverse nerves far less prominent.
it differs from B. Candollii in the cauline leaves being narrower
is very doubtful
with obscure secondary nerves, and by having all the leaves more acute from B.
tenue in the acute leaves, stout rays of the umbel, and much stronger umbellules.
Vae. 3. stricta stems 12-15 in. usually simple terminated by a strict umbel, bracts
and bracteoles elliptic- oblong hardly acute pendent in fruit. Sikkim Jongri, alt.
12,000-13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke. Stem very erect. Lower leaves "linear, upper rather
broader, all narrowed at the base. Bracts several, sometimes nearly 2 in. bracteoles
orbicular or oblong, sometimes f in., longer than the fruiting umbellule rays of the
umbel stout, ascending not divaricate. Fruit longer than in any form of B. lovgicaule,
sometimes | in. This is almost surely allied to Var. Dalhousieana but it may be
doubted whether it should be attached to B. longicaule, Wall.
;

upper leaves linear-oblong subobtuse

11. B. tenue, Don Prodr. 182
mucronate narrowed at the base, bracts and bracteoles not prominent, primary
ridges prominent, furrows 1-vittate.
ravs of the umbel slender, fruit TVs
-i
Wall. Cat. 553 DC. Prodr. iv. 128. B. flexuosum, Wall. Cat. 554.
;

678

[Bupleurum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. umbellifeile.

Himalaya ; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 1-9000 ft.

in the lower hills, extending in the plains to Jullundur.

common

in the West,

and

Stem 1-3 ft., solitary, erect, much branched upwards, usually with numerous
umbels. Lower leaves linear; oblong leaves usually with 5-9 somewhat distant primary nerves and numerous prominent reticulating secondary ones. Bracts 1-4,
-i in., lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate bracteoles 4-5, in., obovate-lanceolate,
often as long as the fruiting umbellule or longer rays 3-8, usually less than 1 in.,
Fruit broadly oblong, yellowish brown
in
never stout pedicels rarely exceeding
Distinguished from
carpels terete vittse in each furrow solitary, sometimes obscure.
B. CandoUii Var. minor by the delicate primary rays of the umbel and the much
smaller fruit.
Var. kkasiana upper leaves linear or lanceolate acute or acuminate, bracts and
Khasia Mts., alt.
bracteoles narrow-lanceolate prominent, fruit rather longer.
4000-6000 ft. common Tenasserim Martaban Hills, alt. 7000 ft., Kurz.-Stem
often very bushy from the base, corymbosely dichotomous with ascending branches,
whereas in B. tenue type there is a simple main stem with divaricate sub-horizontal
branches. Bracts often f in.
bracteoles overtopping the fruits.
This variety has
always been referred to B. tenue, Don, with which the fruit closely agrees it resembles
B. mucronalum, var. ramosissima in its leaves bracts and bracteoles, but differs in its
smaller, shorter pedicelled fruit.
We have not seen Martaban specimens, but as
Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 114) gives tenue, Don, as a native, we assume he
.

alludes to this variety.

12.

B. BXaddeni,

C.

B. Clarke;

cauline leaves small linear acuminate

narrowed at the base, bracteoles few not prominent, pedicels

fruit

in.

oblong strongly ridged, furrows 2-Q-vittate.

Herb. Ind. Or. H.f.

less

^ in.,

than

Bupleurum

No.

8,

'

T.

North-west Himalaya Mussoorie, Madden, Jameson Simla, Lady Dalhousie

Kunawur, alt. 6000-8000 ft,, Thomson,
Stems 1-2 ft., several from the root, erect, simple below, with numerous leafy
branches upwards. Lower leaves linear, almost subulate upper j-1^ in., scarcely
;

amplexicaul.

bracteoles 3, less often 4-5,

Bracts 1-3, in., lanceolate, often
^ in., lanceolate or linear, rays 5-8, less than in. Fruit broadly oblong, glaucous.
Thomson regarded this as a new species near B. Unue, with which it agrees- in
having very small umbels with subsessile flowers, but it seems more closely allied to B.
falcatum, var. Hoffmeisteri, of which it may possibly be a depauperated mountain form.
;

13. B. setaceum, Fend in Tchih. As. Min. i. 418 ; stem slender diffusely dichotomously branched, leaves setaceous, umbels simple few-flowered
subracemed with capillary peduncles, fruit
in. ellipsoid, ridges distinct, furrows 1-vittate. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 847.

Kashmir, alt. 4500 ft. Kishtwar, C. B. Clarke Stewart. Distrib. Bithynia.

Annual. Stem 18 in., erect, above divaricately branched. Cauline leaves 1-1^ in.,
uppermost \ in., setaceous, 3-nerved.
Peduncles \-\\ in., usually springing as
though from a bifurcation whereof one branch is arrested. Bracts 1-4, ^- in.,
narrowly linear-lanceolate, usually longer than the fruiting umbel pedicels 1-4,
less than
in.
Fruit obscurely transversely rugose between the ridges
vittse
;

with the ridges ; carpels terete, slightly pentagonal.

Identified with B. setaceum from Fenzl's description only.
There are several closely
allied species perhaps not really distinct
B. trichopodum, Boiss. # Sprun. (Boiss. FL
Orient, ii. 864) is much less compound, and the fruits have the furrows 3-vittate.
large, distinct, alternating

8.

AFXU2&,

Linn.

Herbs, annual or perennial, glabrous.

Leaves pinnate, 3-partite, or compound.
Umbels compound, often leaf-opposed. Bracts and bracteoles
(in
the Indian species). Flowers white. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals ovate, acute,

Apium.]

lxx. UMBELLiFERiE.

tip inflexed.

Fruit orbicular or

subcompressed

(C. B. Clarke.)

679

elliptic, slightly longer than broad, laterally

carpels semi-terete, subpentagonal, plane on the inner face pri;
mary ridges distinct, filiform ; secondary ; furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore undivided, or shortly 2-fid.
Seed semi-terete, dorsally subcompressed. Distrib.
Species 14, scattered throughout the world.

The genus
recognized by

is

its

hardly separable from Carum; the one Indian species is easily

short-peduncled umbels opposite a leaf without bracts or brac-

teoles.

1.

A. graveolens,

latin.;

DC.

Prodr.

with large deeply lobed segments, cauline

trifid coarsely toothed.
Wall. Cat. 7212
Orient,

ii.

101; radical leaves pinnate

segments once or twice
W. $ A. Prodr. 367 Boiss. Fl.
iv.

3-partite,
;

856.

Base of the North- west Himalaya, and outlying

hills in the Punjab

Falconer,
Distrib. Cabul, West Asia, Europe, North Africa.
Biennial.
Stem 1-8 ft., erect, branched. Peduncle 0-\ in., leaf-opposed rays of
the umbel 5-10, -l in.; pedicels 6-16, ^-
Fruit
in.
ridges narrow,
vittae broad, occupying the whole breadth of the furrows.
Wild celery.
;

Jacguemont, &c.

9.

CICUTA,

^-^

Linn.

Leaves usually compound-pinnate.

Umbels
Bracts 0, or few bracteoles many, small. Flowers
Petals obovate, emarginate. Fruit ovoid,
white.
Calyx-teeth acute, minute.
not longer than broad, subcompressed, distinctly narrowed at the commissure ;
carpels semi-terete, dorsally compressed, plane on the inner face
primary
ridges broad, corky, obtuse furrows very narrow, 1-vittate carpophore 2-partite.
Seed semi-terete, dorsally compressed. Distrib. Species 3, in the North
Temperate Zone.

Serbs, perennial,

tall,

glabrous.

compound, rays numerous.

1. C. virosa, Linn.
ments lanceolate serrate.

Cicutaria aquatica,

Lamk.

DC. Prodr. iv. 99; cauline leaves 2-3-pinnate, segEngl. Bot. t. 479; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1853.

Diet.

ii.

2, HI.

t.

195.

5200 ft., C. B. Clarke. Distrib. Throughout Europe and Temperate Asia in marshes and ditches.
Stem 2-5 ft., striate, hollow. Leaflets 1-2 by \-\ in. Peduncles 2-3 in., termibracteoles 2-8, in., linear or narrowly lanceolatenal and leaf-opposed. Bracts
Fruit
in. in
pedicels often 30-40, \-% in.
linear; rays often 15, l-2^ in.
in. in European), lateral primary ridges commissural
Indian examples (often
commissure obscurely constricted in some Indian examples. Water hemlock.

Kashmir

Falconer

Srinuggur,

alt.

10.

PITURANTHOS,

Viv.

Radical leaves 2-3-pinnate,

Perennial herbs, branched, somewhat rigid.
Umbels compound ; bracts and bracteoles lanceolatecauline much reduced.
Petals white, ovate, emarginate.
Calyx-teeth obsolete.
linear, small, or 0.
Fruit ovoid or oblong, more or less laterally compressed, usually hairy carpels
terete, subpentagonal; primary ridges distinct (when the hair is removed),
obtuse furrows 1-vittate carpophore 2-partite. Distrib. Species 5 African,
;

Indian.

680

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. umbellifeRjE.

SuBGEtf.

Eriocycla.

[PiturantJws.

Lindley (Gen.). Stem and leaves pubescent. Disc

Styles long-, early divergent, recurved.
Ovary and

conical, very prominent.

young fruit densely

hairy.

Fruit oblong,

much

longer than broad.

1. P. nuda, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 890; much branched upwards with virgate almost naked branches, umbels long-peduncled, rays 3-6, fruit scarcely
laterally compressed.
Eriocycla nuda, Lindl. in Boyle 111. 232, t. 51.

North-west Himalaya; Kunawur,

10,000-11,000

alt.

ft.,

Boyle, T.

Thomson

Jacquemont.
Stem 2-3

Lower cauline leaves 2-pinnate, ultimate segft., glabrescent upwards.

oblong, lobed and toothed upper much reduced, often to oblong acute
sheaths \ in. Bracts 1-5, \ in; bracteoles 5-10, ^- in., linear; rays 1-4 in.;
pedicels 8-12, ~-j in., obscurely pubescent.
Fruit in., at first densely hairy,
ultimately much less so ; carpels oblong, narrower upwards lateral primary ridges
marginal.
ments \

in.,

P. Thomson!, C. B. Clarice stem with many lateral branches and

much laterally compressed. Eriocycla sp. ? 2, Serb. Ind.

2.

umbels, rays 4r-8, fruit

Or. H.f. 8f T.

West Tibet;

Piti, alt.'

10,000-12,000

Thomson.

ft.,

Himalaya; Jacquemont.

Stem 12-18 in., grey-pubescent. Lower cauline leaves 2-pinnate ultimate segments f in., ovate, deeply pinnatifid, toothed upper leaves greatly reduced.
Umbels
long- or short-peduncled, sometimes sessile bracts 4-8, ^ in., linear rays |-1^ in.,
pubescent, subtomentose bracteoles and pedicels much' as in P. nuda, but more
hairy.
Fruit in.
carpels oblong, hardly narrowed upwards
lateral primary
;

ridges within the distinctly constricted commissure.

11.

Herbs, perennial

or

CAEUM, Linn.

annual.

Leaves pinnate, or

decompound.

Umbels

compound bracts few or many, simple or rarely divided bracteoles several or

many, undivided.
Flowers white (in Indian species), polygamous, sterile
;

flowers often with enlarged or irregular petals.

Calyx-teeth small, or 0.
Petals retuse or emarginate.
Fruit ovoid ellipsoid or oblong, laterally compressed and more or less constricted at the commissure ; carpels terete, subpentagonal, plane on the inner face ; primary ridges slender, conspicuous or
obscure, lateral commissural ; furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore 2-fid or 2-partite.
Seed terete, dorsally subcompressed, plane or obscurely channelled on the inner
face.
Distrib. Species 50 in Europe, Temperate Asia, S. Africa and N.

America.
This genus as modelled by Mr. Bentham differs from Pimpinella in its solitary
from Seseli by the fruit being more or less constricted at the commissure. (See
Pimpinella caspitosa which has solitary vittse.)
vittse,

* Fruit glabrous or very nearly so.

1. C. Carui, Linn.
DC. Prodr. iv. 115 ; ultimate segments of the lower
leaves lanceolate, of the upper linear, bracteoles small linear or 0, fruit ellipticoblong. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 879.
;

Baltistan, Kashmir and Gurwhal, alt, 9000-12,000 ft., Boyle, &c. Distrib. W.
and N. Asia, Europe (often cultivated).
Glabrous.
Stem 1-3 ft., branched, erect or diffuse. Leaves 2-pinnate, finely dissected ultimate segments of the lower leaves |- in., of the upper ^1 in.
Bracts
1-3, small, linear, or 0, rarely divided rays 3-8, -2 in., unequal pedicels 3-8,
;


lxx. umbellifer.e.

Carum.']
5o-^

unequal.

in.,

Fruit -g-

in.,

(C. B. Clarke.)

yellowish-brown, almost viscid

narrowed upwards, primary ridges thin but very

distinct

681
carpels terete
rather

vittae solitary,

carpophore entire, or shortly 2-fid. C. meifolium, Bieb. Boiss. Fl. Orient, differs by its lower leaves with linear segments, its more numerous bracts
but is
perhaps hardly distinguishable. Caraway.
large

C.

2.

diversifolium,

narrow-oblong or linear

B. Clarke

upper leaves 3-partite, pinnae

prominently ridged. Sison
Falcaria? diversilolia, DC. Frodr. iv. 110.
C.

entire, fruit elliptic-oblong

diversifolium, Wall. Cat. 592.

Nipal; Wallich.
Glabrous. Stem 3 ft. or more, much branched, sparingly leafy upwards, Leaves
2-3 in.; pinnae f by in., acute, or in the upper leaves often linear. Bracts 1-3,
\ in. linear or 0; bracteoles 0-5, in., linear; rays 8-14; pedicels numerous.
Flowers minute,

Calyx-teeth 0.
conical style-bases.
probably resembling that of C. Carui, but
when it may be referable to Fceniculum.
Styles

3.

all

fertile.

somewhat long on

C.

nothum,

linear, bracteoles

Petals obovate, slightly emarginate.

in., nearly terete,
may become broad at the commissure

Fruit immature, \

C. B. Clarke ultimate segments of all the leaves short

4-5 linear-oblong exceeding the pedicels, fruit nearly as in
;

C. Carui.

Ceyxon

Glabrous.
Stem 4-5 in., erect, branched. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, finely dissected ;
ultimate segments ^ in.", somewhat distant and rigid. Bracts 4-5, ^ in., very narrowly oblong, subobtuse; rays 3-7, 1-1 $ in.; pedicels 3-8, rarely attaining \ in.
Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit rather more strongly ribbed than that of C. Carui, less
narrowed upwards carpophore 2-partite. There is little doubt regarding the genus
of this plant, it having been originally referred to Ptychotis by Sir J. D. H. and
having been again dissected by Bentham and marked Carum. The doubt is as to
its birth-place
it is marked " Ceylon," but not on an original ticket, and there is no
There is
collector's name.
Its aspect is Alpine Himalayan, not at all Cinghalese.
another small specimen collected by T. Lobb in Mysore that seems the same thing.

4. C. Bulbocastanum, G. D. J. Koch in Nov. Act. Acad. Cces. Leop.

1825, 121 ; ultimate segments of all the leaves linear, bracteoles 0-8 linear, fruit
oblong not narrowed upwards. DC. Frodr. iv. 115. Bunium Bulbocastanum,
Linn.

Kashmir, alt. 6000-9000 ft. Jacquemont, &c. Distrib. Beloochistan, N. Asia,

Europe, N. Africa.
Stem 6-30 in., erect, branched. Leaves 2-3-pinnate,
Glabrous. Boot tuberous.
finely dissected, ultimate segments of the lower often -1 in., of the upper leaves very
narrow. Bracts 0, or several, linear, sometimes divided; rays 6-16, 1^ in.; pedicels
10-15, J-i in. Fruit | in., yellowish-brown, almost viscid carpels exactly oblong,
hardly widened at the middle, semi-terete, dorsally subcompres.sed ridges thin,
;

distinct

vittse solitary, rather large.

5.
stictocarpum, C. B. Clarke ultimate segments of the lower
cauline leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, bracteoles 4-8 linear-lanceolate with
Ptychotis
scarious ciliate margins, fruit shining minutely pubero-punctate.
sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.
;

Concan ;

Stocks,

Law.

Glabrous or minutely hairy. Boot fusiform. Stem 1-3 ft., erect, much branched.
in., upper often with linear segLeaves 2-pinnate, ultimate segments often 1 by
ments. Bracts 3-6, 5-3- in., nearly linear: bracteoles \ in.; rays 6-12, | 2 in.,
Ovary minutely pubero-pubescent. Fruit
equal, slender pedicels 8-20, \-\ in.

;;

82

[Carum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. UMBELLIFER2E.

voi&, ultimately shining, yellow, the dots microscopical, ridges faint

->
~h~Te
carpels semi-terete vittae solitary, small.
Var. hebecarpa fruit ^-jg in. hispidulous sometimes densely so and fuscous.
Ptychotis sp. 4. Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $ T.
Concan Stocks, Law.
;

** Fruit hisjnd or murieate (see also C. stictocarpum No. 4).

ultimate segments
6. C. Roxburg'hianuin, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 891
of the lower cauline leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, bracteoles 4-8 linear-lanKurz in Journ. As. Soc.
ceolate with scarious ciliate margins, fruit hispid.
1877, pt. ii. 114. Apium involucratum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 97 ;
Fleming Cat. Ind. Med. PI. 6 Wight Ic. t. 567. Pimpinella ? involucrata,
W. 8f A. Prodr. 369 Wight Ic. t. 335 ; Balz. c/ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106. Athamantha Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat. 571. Ptychotis Roxburghiana, DC. Prodr.
iv. 109. PheUandrium sp., Wall. Cat. 7217, Jide W. $ A.
;

Throughout India extensively cultivated from Hindoostan and Bengal to Singapore and Ceylon. Not known wild.
Probably a cultivated form of C. stictocarpum which it exactly resembles except
as to the fruit which is j^-^j in., the part used by man and therefore that which has
varied under cultivation. This shows a wide difference in size, colour, and hairiness
in the two forms, but there is a series of connecting links through the var. hebecarpa. In C. Roxburghianum, the fruit is more distinctly ridged, subpentagonal
the vittae are most minute, W. & A. say several in each furrow, but they appear generally 1 or 0.
The petals are hairy. "Wight doubts whether his t. 567
(which is copied from Roxburgh) is the Pimpinella ? involucrata of W, & A. Prodr.
369 but a reference to his Herbarium shows that it is the fruit varying somewhat
in size and a good deal in hairiness.
The only scrap Wight got of C. stictocarpum
he arranged (without name) in Ptychotis.

7. C. copticum, Beik,4n Gen. PI. i. 891 ; ultimate segments of all the

leaves linear, bracteoles 3-5 small linear, fruit murieate subhispid.
copticum, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 891. Ligusticum Ajawain, Fleming Cat. Ind.
Med. PI. 25. L. Ajouan, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 91. Athamantha
Ajowan, Wall. Cat. 572. Ptychotis coptica, DC. Prodr. iv. 108. P. Ajowan,
DC. I. c. 109 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 368 ; Wight. Ic. t. 566. Buniuni aromaticum,
Linn. Mant. 218.
Seseli ammoides, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 52.
Sison Ammi,
Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 200.

Ammi

India, extensively cultivated from the Punjab and Bengal to the South Deccan. Distrib. W. Asia, S. Europe, N.-E. Africa.
Minutely pubescent, or the stem and leaves glabrescent. Root fusiform. Stem
1-3 ft., erect, branched, leafy. Leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate segments linear, often
| 1 in. Bracts several, linear, rarely 0, sometimes divided rays 4-12, -l in. ;
pedicels 6-16, ^-^ in., more or less pubescent.
Fruit
in., ovoid; carpels subpentagonous, dorsally compressed, nearly plane on the inner face ridges usually
distinct; vittae solitary, small.
The bracts are in the Indian Ajowan not rarely
divided, when it is undistinguishable from the West Asian C. copticum. Boissier 1. c.
maintains that the genus should be Ammi because the petals are destitute of a
transverse fold but W.
A. are correct in saying {Prodr. 368) that they are just
like those of other Carums.

&

8. C. khasianum, C. B. Clarke
lower leaves 3-partite pinnate or sub2-pinnate ultimate segments oblong crenate-serrate, fruit very nearly as in C.
copticum, but shorter. Ptychotis ? sp. Wall. Cat. 7218. Ptychotis sp. 9, Herb.
Ind, Or.H.f.SfT.
;

'

Khasia Mts.

alt. 3000-5000 ft., common, Wallich, &c.

Pubescent throughout, or the lower part glabrescent. Root fusiform.
'

Stem 2-4

ft.,


Carum."]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. tjmbelliferje.

683

corymbose upwards. Ultimate segments of the radical leaves often 2 by in.,

narrowed at the base, distinctly reticulate-nerved, of the upper narrower, sometimes
filiform.
Bracts 0-5, \ in., linear rays 4-8, -l in., hispid; pedicels 8-16, \-\ in.,
bracteoles shorter than the pedicels. Fruit
in., ovoid, muricate hispidulous,
ridges prominent carpels subpentagonous, dorsally subcompressed vittse solitary,
erect,

small.
9. C. anethifolium, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 891
leaves 2-3-pirmate ultimate segments linear, bracts 4-5 linear, rays 15-40 very pubescent. Athamanta
;

anethifolia, Wall. Cat. 569.

Ptychotis anethifolia,
pinella anethifolia, Don Prodr: 184.

DC.

Prodr.

iv.

108.

Pim-

Nipal, Wallich. Kumaon ; Almora alt. 5000 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom.

Puberulo-pubescent. Boot fusiform. Stem 2-4 ft., erect, leafy, corymbose upLeaves 2-3-4-pinnate, ultimate segments - in., sometimes lanceolate-linear; rays ^-1^ in. bracteoles 4-8, - in., linear; pedicels 15-30,
Kipe
in.
not
seen
fruit
young very pubescent.
-
;

wards with long peduncles.

C. Falconeri, C.B. Clarke; leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate segments

4-5 narrowly oblong-linear subobtuse, rays 3-7 glabrous or
nearly so.Ptychotis sp. 8, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.
10.

linear,

bracts

Gtjrwhal; Falconer;

alt. 7000-9000 ft., Edgeworth;

Chiringa, alt. 7000 ft.,
Winterbottom Mussooree, Br. Bacon.
Glabrous except the pedicels, flowers, and fruits. Boot fusiform. Stem 2-4 ft.,
erect, corymbose upwards.
Upper leaves reduced sometimes to the dilated sheaths;
ultimate segments very long in all the leaves, sometimes 2-3 by jg in. rays -l in.
bracteoles 4-6, in., oblong, subobtuse
pedicels 8-16, \-\ in., with scattered
hairs.
Petals pubescent.
Fruit
in., ovoid, narrowed upwards, densely hairy.
Appears closely allied to C. anethifolium possibly De Candolle's description of P.
anethifolia {Prodr. iv. 108) was intended to include this.

Strachey

SXU3K,

12.

Linn.

Umbels compound termiGlabrous herbs. Leaves pinnate, pinnae toothed.

Calyx-teeth acute, or obsolete.
nal and lateral bracts and bracteoles several.
Fruit ovoid or oblong, laterally compressed, conPetals white, emarginate.
stricted at the commissure (but the constriction masked in the Indian species
by the large corky lateral ridges) primary ridges prominent, obtuse, frequently
thickened furrows 3-2- (or 1-) vittate carpophore (ex DO.) completely biSeed terete. Distrib.
partite, each half adnate to the adjoining mericarp.
Species 4, in the N. Temperate Zone 1 in South Africa.
;

here somewhat altered from Bentham's (in Gen. Plant.),

Sium is
in order to retain the Indian species in Sium rather than in Pimpinella.
here separated by the large simple pinnae of the leaves, and the thickened prominent
ridges of the fruit.

The generic character

is

pinnae of the lower leaves 1 in. ovate

1. S. latijug"um, C. B. Clarke
or ovate-lanceolate, calyx-teeth 0, fruit elliptic, ridges triangular obtuse corky
much wider than the 1-vittate furrows.
;

very common.
in ditches, alt. -5000-9000 ft.
Eoot, stem, leaves, and flowers closely resembling S. latifolium, which differs in
its smaller pinnae, acute calyx-teeth, less thick ridges of the fruit, and many vittae
S. latijugum is that plant which Bentham
scattered nearly all round the carpels.
{in Gm. PL ii. 893) refers to as that variety of S. lancifolium in which the ridges are
broader nearly completely covering the furrows but it can hardly belong to the

Kashmir and Baltisthan,

684

lxx. UMBELLiFERiE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Sium.

same genus as the true

S. lancifolkim in -which the fruits are much smaller the ridges

slender with broad 3-vittate furrows.
S. nijpponicum, Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb.
Mel. Biol. ix. 766, is very near S. latijugum, but its calyx-teeth are manifest, and there
are vittse scattered under the ridges besides the subsolitary vittse in the furrows.
In
S. multijugum the lateral ridges are rather larger than the others, and form with
the commissure a wide plane face, there are 2 vittse only on the commissure close to
its medial line.
The 4 vittse on the outer faces of the carpels are large, exactly
occupying the furrows. The seed is very accurately terete.

PIMPINELLA, Linn.

13.

Serbs, biennial or perennial. Leaves 1-2-pinnate or 1-2-ternate or decompound, rarely undivided, toothed.
Umbels compound ; bracts few or
bracteoles usually linear, sometimes 0.
Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamomoncecious.
Calyx-teeth
or small, lanceolate.
Petals usually emarginate,
ovate acute or lanceolate caudate. Fruit laterally compressed, usually constricted at the commissure, ovate or ovate-oblong or narrow-oblong
carpels
terete or subpentagonal, often dorsally compressed, plane on the inner face
ridges slender, obscure or prominent furrows 2-3-vittate (in P. ccespitosa 1vittate)
carpophore entire 2-fid or 2-partite. Seed terete, ^-terete or dorsally
subcompressed, inner face plane or nearly so.
Disteib. Species 70, in the
northern hemisphere, with a few in S. Africa and S. America.
;

* Fruit glabrous or very nearly

so.

(See also No. 16, P. diversifolia, var.

alpina).
1. P. achilleifolia, C. B. Clarke
glabrous, lower cauline leaves 3-4pinnate ultimate segments linear-lanceolate, bracts 1-5 J-4 in. linear, rays 6-10.
Athamanta achilleifolia, Wall. Cat. 568. Ptychotis achilleifolia, DC. Prodr.
iv. 109.
;

Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, Wallich, &c from Kumaon Naini Tal,
8500 ft., Sir. and Wint. to Sikkim; Jongri, 13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.
Stem 3-4 ft., erect, corymbose upwards, with long peduncles. Quaternary pinncs
^-| in,, often 3-furcate, somewhat rigid, upper leaves reduced, sometimes almost to
the inflated sheaths. Bracteoles 4-6, <t in., linear; rays ^-2^ in.; pedicels 8-20,
;

alt.

i-5

in.
Fruit
in,, elliptic, oblong, glabrous, laterally compressed, ridges distinct,
furrows 2-3-vittate disc conical, prominent.
;

2.

P. nervosa,

pinnae 1-2 in.

C. B. Clarke
cauline leaves twice 3-partite secondary
broadly lanceolate serrate nerves beneath much elevated mi;

nutely scabrid.

Khasia Mts. Nonkreem, alt. 5500 ft., H.f. # T.

Nearly glabrous. Stem 2-3 ft., stout. Peduncles 1-6 in. Bracts 0; rays 6-12,
1-2^ in. bracteoles 3-8, linear, overtopping the umbellules.
Flowers all hermaCalyx-limb 0. Petals emarginate, white or purplish. Styles short. Fruit
phrodite.
in., crowned by short conic style-bases, glabrous carpels subpentagonal, dorsally
subcompressed; ridges distinct, furrows 2-1-vittate. This from its coarse habit and
foliage may be an Mgopodium, but there are small vittse in the unripe fruit.
;

3. P. Keyneana,
Wall. Cat. 566
lower cauline leaves 3-partite or
twice or thrice 3-partite, ultimate segments ovate or ovate-lanceolate narrowed
at the base, fruit didymous broader than long.
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877,
pt. ii. 115.
Helosciadium ? Heyneanum, DC. Prodr. iv. 106
W. $ A. Prodr.
368 Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106. Sium triternatum, Moon Cat. 22. Seseli
;

lxx. umbellifee^.

Pimpinella.']

zeylanicum, Herb. Bottler

(C. B. Clarke.)

Anethum

Klein.

685

trifoliatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

ii.

96?.
Circars, Roxburgh Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon, frequent in the hills. Chitat Burkul, C. B. Clarke.
Pegu, Kurz.
Nearly glabrous, or the leaves pilose. Stem 2-4 ft., erect, branched. Ultimate
segments of the lower leaves often 1-2 by \-% in., serrate, of the upper narrower
sometimes linear. Bracts 0; rays 6-12, 1-2 in., glabrous or nearly so; bracteoles
1-2, | in., often
pedicels 6-10, X-% in. Fruit i-i in.
carpels ellipsoid, almost
globose, ridges slender, rarely white and conspicuous
disc obsolete
carpophore
2-fid, sometimes deeply. Seed nearly terete, not concave on the inner face.
Eoxburgh's
description of Anethum trifoliatum, a native of the Circars, will apply to both P.
;

tagong

Heyneana and

a Himalayan
4.

Wallich identified it with his trifoliata {diversifolia, DC.)

A. with more probability refer it to P. Heyneana.

diversifolia.

W. &

plant, but

P. sikkimensis,

mate segments oblong

Ptychotis

sp.,

Sugom

C.

B. Clarke

cauline leaves 2- sub-3-pinnate, ulti in. elliptic longer than "broad.

"bristle-serrate, fruit

Herb. Ind. Or. H. f.

common

damp

in

4-7500 ft., J. D. H,
Stem 2-4 ft., corymbose.

B. Clarke.
Leaves large, ovate
or 1-2, scarcely } in., linear rays

forests, alt.

Glabrous or sparsely setulose.

C.

and pinnules (^ in.) opposite. Bracts

1-3 in., stout, angular, divaricate
bracteoles few, scarcely in,, linear
pedicels very many, but only 6-12 fruiting, ^-f in.
Calyx-teeth lanceolate.
Petals
emarginate, greenish-white disc prominent
Fruit slightly narstyles very short.
rowed upwards ridges not prominent carpophore stout, undivided carpels much
dorsally compressed, inner face concave vittae usually solitary in the two dorsal fur-

pinnae

6-14,

rows, and in pairs in the two lateral ones.

5. P. Wallichii, C. B. Clarke-,
cauline leaves 2-3-pinnate tertiary
pinnae pinnatifid ultimate segments narrowly lanceolate, fruit ellipsoid "broader
than long.

Nipal Wallich in Herb. Hook. Sikkim alt. 4000-6000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke.
Glabrous. Stem 2-4 ft., erect, branched. Leaves large, ovate, pinnae and pinnules opposite, all similarly cut, ultimate segments
-\ in., often 3-fid, not setulose.
Bracts 0; rays 6-12, f in., rigid; bracteoles 1-2, less than \ in., linear, or 0;
disc inconspicuFruit
in., laterally subcompressed
pedicels 8-12, hardly in.
ous ridges prominent carpophore slender, 2-partite carpels dorsally compressed,
subpentagonal, plane on the inner face vittae externally somewhat conspicuous, usually 3 in each furrow and 4 on the commissure.
;

6. P. Sasifraga, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 120 ; radical leaves pinnate

pinnae round or elliptic toothed upper sub-2-pinnate, fruit ellipsoid rather longer
than broad. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 873. Var. dissectifolia ; pinnae (even of the
radical and lower cauline leaves) deeply lobed, lobes lanceolate.

Var. dissectifolia; Kashmir; Tilail, alt., 13,000 ft., and Western Tibet Karakorum, alt 14,000 ft. C. B. Clarke. Distrib. Europe, Northern and Western Asia.
Glabrous or very nearly so, branched from the root. Stem 8-16 in., curved,

rays
upwards. Leaves oblong, pinnae -f in. diam. Bracts
unequal, stout, ascending; bracteoles 3-5, in., linear pedicels 5-10;
&tds often piuk or purplish. Fruit \ in. ; carpels ^-terete, subpentagonal,
q-jo
ridges thin, distinct vittae 2-3 in each
dorsally subcompressed inner face plane
furro#; carpophore stout, often 2-partite. Seed concave on the inner face. This
does not exactly agree in the cutting of the leaf with any described form of P. Saxifraga and the styles are very short ; it may be P. rhodantha, Boiss. in Tchih. As.
striate, little leafy

5-10, -l

in.,

Min.

i.

414, Fl. Orient,

ii.

874.

686

lxx. umbelliferji.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Pimpinella.

7. P. acuminata, C. B. Clarke ; lower cauline leaves 2-pinnate secondary pinnee toothed or incised, pedicels slender, fruit terete. Reutera acuminata,
Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 52
'

From Kashmir

to

Kumaon,

4-8000

alt.

ft.,

frequent.

Stem 3-4 ft., corymbose upwards.

Glabrous, or the leaves obscurely pubescent.
Secondary pinnce 1-2 in. Bracts 1-5, ^-\ in., linear; rays 5-10, 1-3 in. bracteoles
Petals yellowish-green or nearly white.
Fruit
3-5, in., linear pedicels g ^ in.
nearly globose, laterally compressed, yellowish-brown, subviscid; carpels terete,
Easily recognised by the long slender
ridges slender, furrows 2-3-vittate ; disc small.
;

pedicels.

B. Clarke ; leaves all similarly cut 2-pinnate secondary

8. P. bella,
pinnae pinnatind ultimate segments oblong entire mucronate, fruit narrowly
oblong.

Sikkim alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., Thomson, C. B. Clarke,

Gamble on the watershed between Sikkim and Nipal.
Bootstock long, fusiform.
Glabrous.
Stem 1-3 ft., corymbose upwards. Leaves
large, ovate, pinnae and pinnules opposite, often white beneath.
Bracts 0, or 1 linear,
1-2
in., angular, stout
bracteoles 2-5, \ in., linear; pedicels 8-16.
1 in. ; rays 10-15,
\-\ in. Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals ovate-lanceolate, plane. Disc large, conical.
Carpophore 2-partite. Fruit in. carpels terete, subpentagonal, inner face hardly
grooved ; ridges slender, furrows 2-3-vittate.
;

9. P. Kookeri, C. B. Clarke
leaves pinnate sub-2-pinnate segments
of the lower leaves oblong of the upper linear, fruit ovate as long as broad.
Acronema sp. 2, Herb. Lnd. Or. H. f. T.
;

Sikkim, Northern valleys, Samdong and Lachen, alt. 8-11,000 ft., J. B. H.

Glabrous.
Boot tuberous.
Stem 1-2 ft., slender, sparingly leafy, remotely
corymbose or subvirgate. Lower leaves cut and whitened beneath as in P. bella, segments 1-2 in. upper much reduced with very narrow segments. Umbels subracemose
upwards, rays few and slender bracts and bracteoles 0, or inconspicuous pedicels
4-6, f- in., slender. Petals very small, often elongate with a whip-like tail much
exceeding their own length (but this does not appear uniformly present, some petals
on the same plants being emarginate with a short infiexed point). Fruit A-jfa in.
globose, narrowed at the apex, laterally subcom pressed, yellow-brown ridges obscure
furrows 2-3-vittate ; disc evanescent ; carpophore slender, 2-partite.
;

10. P. tenera, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 894 ; lower cauline leaves pinnate
pinnse ovate ultimate segments of the upper small, fruit ovate-oblong conspicuously narrowed upwards.
Sison ? tener, Wall. Cat. 593. Helosciadium ?
tenerum, DC. Prodr. iv. 105.
Acronema tenerum, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xx. 51.

Himalaya, alt. 8-15,000 ft.; from Gtjrwhal to Sikkim; Wallich, Falconer,

B. H., C. B. Clarke.
Boot tuberous (not annual as Benth. 1. c). Stem 6-8, rarely 12 in. Petals often
Furrows 2-3-vittate. Closely resembling P.
excessively elongate as in P. Hookeri.
Hookeri but smaller, the ultimate segments of the upper leaves not exceeding \ in.,
in., elongated, narrower upwards.
the carpophore undivided thick fruit
Vae. dissecta leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate segments scarcely -g in. ovate acutely

J.

3-lobed or longer linear subobtuse.

With the type.

11. P. acronemae folia, C. B. Clarke leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate segments ovate acutely 3-lobed or longer linear subobtuse, peduncles 1-2 on each
stem 2-6 in. stout, bracts 1-5 f in. linear.
;


lxx. umbelliferj;.

Pimpinella.']
Sikkim,

11,000

alt.

(0. B. Clarke.)

Chola, Lachoong, J, D. H.

ft.,

687

Singaleleh, alt. 10,000 ft,

C. B. Clarice.

Glabrous, 3-8

root tuberous.
Leaves exceedingly like those of P. tenera
in.
Bays 6-12, 1-1 in., stout; bracteoles small; pedicels
10-16, jj5 in. Petals elliptic, obtuse, plane, white or pinkish. Fruit nearly as that
This closely resembles Vicatia millefolia, but the plane petals exclude
of P. tenera.
it from that genus.
in.

var. dissecta; segments

P. hastata,

C. B. Clarke
lower cauline leaves cordate or hastate
crenate serrate villous beneath, fruit ovate as broad as
long.Pimpinella, sp. 17, Herb. Ind. ()r. H. f. $ T. Umbellifera, No. 875,

12.

triangular-lanceolate

Notes 56.

Griff. Itin.

Khasia Mts. Moflong, alt. 6000 ft., Griffith, H.f. $ T. Mairung, alt. 5000 ft.,
B. Clarke.
Boot fusiform. Stem 3 ft., erect, obscurely pubescent, sparingly leafy, laxly
corymbose upwards. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1 in., nearly glabrous above; upper cauline
sometimes 3-partite with cordate ovate leaflets, uppermost sometimes reduced with
narrow segments. Bracts
rays 5-8, l-l in., scabrid, subpubescent bracteoles 0,
or 1-2, in., linear; pedicels 5-10, ^-i in. Fruit yTo i n -> brown, subdidymous,
acute upwards, dorsally subcompressed, inner face slightly concave ridges obscure,
furrows 2-vittate
disc prominent, conical
carpophore 2-fid or 2-partite.
Seed
^-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face slightly concave.
;

C.

13. P. Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr. iv. 122 lower cauline leaves cordate orbicular serrate slightly pubescent beneath, fruit ovate-oblong glabrous or
when young with a few scattered hairs. W. 8,- A. Prodr. 369; Wight Ic. t.
1005 Thivaites Enum. 131.
;

Wight, &c.
alt. 6-8000 ft.
Ceylon, alt. 6000 ft., Thwaites.
Stem 1-2 ft., virgate, obscurely pubescent.
Boot fusiform, perennial.
Leaves
1-2 in. diam., glabrous above or nearly so; upper reduced to sheaths, or 0. Bracts
bracteoles 1-3, in.,
0, or 1 small linear; rays 6-16, 1-lf in., scabrid-pubescent
linear; pedicels 6-12, ^-\ in. Fruit ~$-fe in., narrowed upwards, strongly compressed, brown, finally glabrous carpels ^-terete, not dorsally compressed, inner
disc prominent, conical.
faces plane
ridges not prominent, furrows 3-vittate
Thwaites says his Ceylon examples are intermediate between P. Leschenaultii and
P. Candolleana but they are typical P. Leschenaultii with large laterally compressed fruits, &c.

Nilghiris,

** Fruit papillose-scabrous or pubescent. (See also No. 13, P. Leschenaultii).

14. P. Candolleana, W. A. Prodr. 369 lower cauline leaves ovatecordate serrate pubescent beneath, fruit ovate scabrid with clustered hairs when
ripe.
Wight Ic. t. 341.
;

Mts. of the South Deccan, alt. 5-8000 ft, frequent.

Kesembles generally P. Leschenatdtii but is more pubescent. Lower leaves usually
subacute, often pubescent above, sometimes 3-partite with petioluled leaflets upper
Fruit very scabrid, shortly
often 1-2-pinnatifid, ultimate segments oblong acute.
acute at the apex, very slightly compressed laterally, always much smaller and
shorter than that of P. Leschenatdtii; carpels ^-terete, dorsally subcompressed,
;

inner face plane ridges prominent, furrows 2-3-vittate carpophore stout, entire.
P. javana DC. Prodr. iv. 122 is nearly allied to this but has the upper leaves reduced and not pinnatifid, and the fruits less strongly ribbed.
;

15. P. monoica, Dalz. in Hook, Keio Journ. iii. 212 lower cauline leaves
3-partite leaflets long-petioluled cordate-ovate, fruit terete papillose subscabrid.
;


688
Dalz.

;;

lxx. UMBELLiFERiE.

Gibs.

Bomb. Fl.

[Pimpinella.

Helosciadium Wallichianum, Miq. in PL

Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. 8f T.

106.

Hohenack. No. 633. Pimpinella

(0. B. Clarke.)

sp. 10,

Mts. of Malabar and the Sottth Deccan Wight, &c.

Stem 7-8 ft. (Dalzell), much divided
Minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous.
upwards. Leaflets 2-3 by 1-2 in., sharply serrate petiolules ^-2 in. upper leaves
;

often much reduced, cut into setaceous linear segments. Bracts 0, rarely 1 linear
rays 6-12, -l in.; bracteoles 1-3, in., linear, or more often 0; pedicels 8-20,
outer \ in. male, inner \ in. hermaphrodite. Fruit jq in., subdidymous, scarcely
acute; carpels terete, inner face plane; ridges obscure, furrows 2-vittate; disc not
prominent ; carpophore entire, or very shortly 2-fid.
16. P. diversifolia, DC. Prodr. iv. 122 ; cauline leaves entire 3-partite
or sub-2-pinnate leaflets ovate or cordate-lanceolate pubescent, fruit ovate narrowed upwards hispidulous papillose-rugose or finally nearly glabrous. P. puP. trifoliata, Wall. Cat. 565.
P. sinica, Hanee in
bescens, Wall. Cat. 567..
Seem. Journ. Bot. 1868, 113. Helosciadium ? trifoliatum and pubescens, DC.
Prodr. iv. 106.

Throughout the Himalaya, alt. 4-10,000

3-6000 ft., common. Distrib. China.

ft.,

very common.

Khasia Mts.

alt.

Stem 2-5 ft., corymbose upwards.

Villous, subtomentose, or scarcely pubescent.
Radical and lower cauline leaves often round-ovate cauline often with 3-5-leaflets,
segments of the uppermost narrower, occasionor twice 3-partite or sub-2-pinnate
leaflets usually 1-3 by | 1 in., serrate, sometimes laciniate or
ally almost linear
Bracts 0, or 1-2, f- in., linear; rays 6-16, ^-1 in., sometimes
subpinnatifid.
villous, never quite glabrous; bracteoles 8-3, in., or 0; pedicels 8-16, ^ in.,
Petals emarginate, white greenish or lurid. Fruit ^-^ in., laterally
all fruiting.
compressed, ridges never prominent sometimes quite obscure, furrows 2-3-vittate
disc not prominent; carpels ^--terete, scarcely subpentagonal, dorsally subcomA common and variable plant the north-west examples
pressed, inner face plane.
frequently have the peduncles rays and fruits very villous and the leaves glabrous
cordate leaflets and papillose-rugose fruit from
have
deeply
The Khasiari
above.
these P. monoica Dalz. differs only by the minute fruits and the barren outer pedicels.
Vae. 1 alpina petals ovate acute plane, young ovary glabrous, fruit shining yellow-brown glabrous much attenuated upwards. P. trifoliata, Wall. Cat. 565 {type
specimen).
Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft. Rays of the umbel pubescent.
Var. 2. divisa lower cauline leaves pinnate and 2-pinnatifid, young fruit terete
clavate upwards, disc yellow-brown. Pimpinella sp. 5 Herb. Ind. Or. H.
Sf T.
Kashmir and Kistwar, alt. 7000-8000 ft., Thomson. Probably a new species but
;

there

is

no ripe

fruit.

17. P. Stracheyi, C. B. Clarke-, leaves simple and 3-partite leaflets

ovate pubescent, fruit oblong narrowed at both ends, style-bases cylindric apex
Pimpinella sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. T.
conical.

Ktjmaon; Dhauli River, Samangentha,

alt. 7500 ft., Strachey Winterbottom.

Generally resembling P. diversifolia on a small scale ; stems 6-16 in., grey-villous,
Fruit ^in. carpels terete,
as the Kumaon examples of P. diversifolia generally are.
Young ovary villous. Fruit ultimately glabresridges slender, furrows 2-vittate.
cent shining yellow-brown. Nearly allied to No. 22, P. ccespitosa.
;

P. Parishiana, Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt. ii. 309, and

leaves pinnate or 2-3-partite leaflets ovate acute serrate or
laciniate, bracts 2-5 almost sheathing the rays, ovary minutely pubescent.
18. Z

1877,

pt.

ii.

115

Mottlmein, and Martaban, Kurz on the Zwabakin ; Parish.

Habit of P. diversifolia, much divided and very leafy upwards.
;

Leaflets 1-2

by

Pimpinella.']

lxx. umbellifer^:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

$-1 in., sparingly pubescent, very irregularly cut, sometimes pinnatifid.

Umbels
pubescent, nearly as in P. divers\folia, but with bracts and prominent bracteoles.
Bracts -% in., pubescent, lanceolate or the bases broad and subconnate bracteoles
very similar, exceeding the flowering umbellules. Fruit not seen. This resembles
P. diversifolia, differing in the more developed involucres in the absence of ripe
fruit, it may be a Heracleum or some other genus.
;

P. tomentosa,

Dalz. ms.\ lower cauliue leaves 2-3-pinnate ultiovate acutely laciniate, fruit narrowly oblong attenuate upwards
scabrid with many ascending ovate small scales. Pimpinella sp. 8, Herb. Ind.
Or. H. f. 8f T.
? Heracleum tomentosum, Dalz. fy Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 108, 313
(not of Smith).
19.

mate

leaflets

Bombay (probably

in the Ghats) Dalzell

Concan, Stocks.
Pubescent, somewhat villous upwards, hardly tomentose.
Stem 2-4 ft., much
upwards.
Lower
branched
leaves large, ovate, ultimate leaflets 1 in., petioluled, serrated with very long teeth upper often reduced to sheaths. Bracts
rays 4-8,
1 in.; bracteoles 0, or 1-2 very small linear; pedicels 3-10, ~~6
Fruit | in.,

almost rostrate, laterally compressed, hardly constricted at the commissure ; stylebases elongate, conical, yellow-brown ; carpels terete, obscurely pentagonal ; ridges
very obscure, furrows 2-3-vittate ; carpophore slender, 2-fid.
;

20. P. adscendens, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 261

lower cauline
leaves oblong pinnate pinnae ovate or round rarely 3-partite, fruit ovate
minutely pilose. Dalz. 8f Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106.
:

Bombay, Dalzell

Nasik, Edgeworth; Belgatjm, Dr. Ritchie; Concan, Stocks.

\
Minutely pubescent or glabrous. Stems many, 8-24 in. Lower leaves with 4-8
pair of pinnae, terminal leaflet often large, pinnae 5f in. diam., acutely serrate
upper leaves reduced, often more divided. Bracts 4-7, |-^ in., linear rays 4-12,
1 in., glabrous; bracteoles 4-7, in., linear, minutely ciliate-pubescent
pedicels
i n#j brown, hardly acute, laterally compressed, disc not pro8-16, - in. Fruit
minent carpels terete, hardly pentagonal, not dorsally compressed ridges obscure
furrows 2-3-vittate.
;

P. lateriflora, Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 106; "leaves ternate

twice ternate lobes of the lower leaves lanceolate of the upper linear
all acute niucronate, fruit densely covered with small granular tubercles."
Dalz. I. c.
21.

leaflets

Deccan

in ravines,

common

Dalzell.

Puberulous, 1-1^ ft., erect. Peduncles long, slender, leaf-opposed umbels 3-10;
bracts 3-7, subulate; bracteoles 7,. subulate, as long as the pedicels. Flowers
pink.
Not seen the above copied from Dalzell.
;

22. P. caespitosa, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 895 j pubescent, lower leaves

oblong pinnate pinnae ovate, bracts 4-5 linear-lanceolate villous, fruit oblong,
furrows 1-vittate. Petrosciadium caespitosum, Fdgio. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx.
P Thaspium foliosum, Royle III. 40.
51.

Kunawur;
ft., Edgeworth, Sirachey $ Winterbottom.
9-10,000 ft., Thomson.
Rootstock short, woody, branched. Stems many, 4-8 in., sparingly leafy upwards.
Pinna of the lower leaves -f in. diam., coarsely serrate, hardly mucronate, sometimes lobod or 3-fid. Bracts - in. rays 4-6, f in., with much spreading soft
white hair; bracteoles 4-6, in., lanceolate; pedicels 6-12, A in. Fruit j*- in.,
very villous when young, ultimately glabrescent, laterally compressed style-bases
TT
VOL. II.
Gurwhal;

above Eogi,

Niti, alt. 12,000

alt.

690

lxx. umbelliferj:.

;
;

(C. B. Clarke.)

{Pimjpinella,

on the young fruit carpels ^-terete, dorsally compressed ; ridges

Wint. suggest
furrows 1-vittate on the few fruits available. Strach.
obscure
that this is the Thaspium foliosum, Koyle.

large, subglobose

14.

&

OSKORRHZZA, DC.

Leaves twice 3-partite or sub-2-pinnate, ultimate segments

bracteoles much
Umbels compound, very lax oracts few narrow, or
Petals emarginate, white.
Calyx-teeth obsolete.
shorter than the pedicels.
Fruit linear-oblong, long-attenuate at base; laterally compressed, somewhat
constricted at the commissure carpels terete, subpentagonal, grooved on the
furrows 2-3-vittate
inner face primary ridges slender, distinct, secondary
carpophore slender, 2-fid. Seed ^-terete, dorsally subcompressed, inner face
grooved. Distbib. Species 4, North Asia, Japan, North America, Andes.
Perennial herbs.

large.

1.

O. Claytoni,

below with
III. p.

233.

C.

B. Clarke

erect adpressed bristles.

O. longistylis,

DC.

I.

c.

leaves pubescent, bracts 1-5, fruit hispid

0. brevistylis, DC. Prodr. iv. 232 ; Royle
232. O. laxa, Royle HI. 233 t. 52.

North-West Himalaya, from Kashmir

to Kumaon, alt. 5000-8000 ft., frequent.

N.E. Asia, Japan, temperate N. America.
Stem 2-5 ft. Leaves large, ovate; ultimate segments
Rootstock not tuberous.
Bracts % in., linear;
1-2 in. coarsely toothed, sometimes larger and pinnatifid.
rays 3-6, 1-4 in.; bracteoles 4-6, \ in., lanceolate; fruiting pedicels 3-6, \-\h in.;
Fruit by j$-jq in.,
several other short abortive pedicels indicate male* flowers.
rather suddenly narrowed into conical style-bases styles in fruit variable in length.
The Japanese examples have the pinnae more pinnate, the Himalayan have the
pinnae generally 3-partite: the length of styles cannot be invariably connected with

Distreb.

any other character, geographical or morphological.

15.

CHJEROFHYLLUIVI,

Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or hairy. Leaves pinnately decompound, or 2-pinnate with

bracteoles
pinnatifid pinnules.
Umbels compound ; bracts 1-2, linear, or
;
3-6, lanceolate, or linear, or 0.
Flowers white, usually polygamous; the
Calyx-teeth
central subsessile fertile, others pedicelled male or hermaphrodite.

Fruit oblong, narrowed upobsolete (Indian species).

Petals emarginate.
wards, glabrous (in the Indian species), laterally compressed, narrowed at the
commissure; primary ridges broad, obtuse, prominent (in C. cachemiricum
in C. capnoides) ; carpels terete, inner
obscure) ; furrows 1-vittate (or vittae
face with a deep T-shaped groove ; carpophore stout, undivided or shortly 2-fid
disc not prominent on the fruit.
Seed terete, inner face with a deep narrow
groove, widened into a hollow in the centre of the seed. Distbib. Species
30 in temperate regions.
;

Technically separated from Anthriscus by the more prominent ridges of the fruit.
species, the only one referred to Anthriscus is easily distinguished by the very scabrid fruit.

As regards the Indian

stem with many long deflexed

1. C. villosum, Wall. Cat. 558 chiefly
white hairs especially below, upper leaves 2-3-pinnate more finely divided than
\

Chcerophyllum.~\

lxx. tjmbellifere.

(C. B. Clarke.)

the lower ultimate segments small, fruit oblong scarcely beaked.

iv.

691

DC. Prodr

225.

Himalaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim alt. 5000-12,000 ft., frequent. Khasia

alt. 4000-6000 ft., frequent.
Boot fusiform. Stem 1-4 feet, erect, branched, always hispid below, often hairy
;

Mts.,

upward. Leaves large, secondary pinnae of the upper pinnate or pinnatifid, ultimate
segments scarce \ in., with 2-4 lanceolate~teeth, often with scattered hairs segments
of the lowest often 1-3 by 1 in. pinnatifid scarcely half-way down; upper sheaths
usually inflated, hairy, with prominent white margins. Bracts
rays 3-6, 1-3 in.,
stout bracteoles 2-5, - in., linear, often white margined, soon reflexed pedicels
10-15, often 3-8 fruiting. Fruit in., equally broad its whole length, narrowed
somewhat suddenly at .the tip.
;

C. reflexum,

Lindl. in Boyle III. 232: glabrous or very sparsely

upper leaves 2-pinnate more finely divided than the lower ultimate segments small, fruit oblong narrowed into a thick cylindric beak. C. villosum,
Wall. Cat. 558 in part.
2.

pilose,

North-west Himalaya from Dalhouseb to Kumaon alt. 5000-9000 ft., frequent.

Much less hairy than C. villosum, the fruit larger, and usually 1 (sometimes 2-3),
ripen in each umbellule pedicels of the other flowers being reflexed, as sometimes
Fruit ^-\ in., beak | in. vittse of the comin a much less degree in C. villosum.
missure 2, in the narrow part of the groove.
;

3. C. acuminatum, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232; more or less hairy,

upper leaves 1-2-pinnate pinnae large oblong closely regularly falcate-serrate,
fruit oblong narrowed close under the style-bases.

to Kumaon alt. 5000-9000 ft., frequent.

Stem 2-4 ft., usually with some long white hairs. Lower leaves often with ultioblong,
acute, upper reduced with narrower segments.
mate pinnae 2 by \ in.,
Umbels bracts bracteoles and fruit much resembling those of C. villosum; petals
somewhat larger, often somewhat radiant fruits smaller ( in.) fewer (often 2-3) to
the umbellule.
Closely allied to C. villosum, though very different in the cutting of
the leaves. Lindley puts it next C. aromaticum, Jacq., but it more resembles C.
aureum, Linn.

Himalaya from Kashmir

root tuberous, leaves 1-24. C. capnoides, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 898

pinnate ultimate segments oblong entire, fruit oblong-lanceolate vittse 0.
Butinia capnoides, Dene, in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 70, t. 80.
;

Kishtwar and Banahal; alt. 6000-8000 ft., Thomson.

Nearly glabrous. Stem 12-24 in. Leaves 4-8 in., lax, ovate ultimate segments
4~f by -i in., undulate, mucronate. Bracts 0; rays 4-8, 1-3^ in., stout; bracFruit |
teoles 4-7, s i fl " lanceolate pedicels 6-12, -1 in., most of them fruiting.
in., black, minutely punctate, very much constricted at the commissure, narrowed
upwards, scarcely beaked style-bases narrow, conical carpels subtrapezoid from the
extreme narrowing of the inner face furrows subconcave, epicarp thin, no trace of
The Algerian Balanseea Fontanesii, Boiss. & Reut., said hardly to differ from
vittse.
this by Benth., I. c, apart from the crenate lobed leaflets, the large style-bases, and
other prominent specific marks, has the fruits broadly grooved on the very wide commissure, and has large vittae.
Kashmir; Jacquemont.

5. C. cachemiricum, C.B. Clarke-, upper leaves sub-2-pinnate secondary

pinnae oblong deeply toothed or subpinnatind, fruit oblong-lanceolate, ridges
obscure.

y2


692

lxx. UMBELLiFERiE.

North-west Himalayas

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Glicerophyllum.

Dalhousie, alt. 7000 ft. C. B. Clarke.

Stem 2-3 ft., hispid with reflexed hairs.
Bracts 0; rays 5-8, -1 in.; bracteoles 1-4, in., linear, obscure; pedicels 12, the central alone fruiting.
Fruit in.;
;

carpels terete
ridges so obscure that the species should perhaps be referred to
Anthriscus; furrows 1-vittate, no vittse in the groove.
Var. dissecta glabrous, leaves 3-pinnate finely cut, fruit nearly \ in. sometimes
2 to the umbellule. Kashmir, Sind Valley, alt. 12,000 ft., C.B. Clarke. Rays longer
and stouter than in the type. Perhaps a distinct species, but the fruit closely agrees
with that of C. cachemiricum except that it is a little larger.
;

16.

SCANDIX,

Linn,

Annual herbs. Leaves pinnately decompound, ultimate segments small,

Umbels compound or simple; bracts 1 or 0, bracteoles several.
narrow.
Calyx-teeth 0, or minute.
Petals
Flowers white, polygamous, often radiant.
emarginate. Fruit oblong, laterally compressed, beak many times longer than
the seed ; carpels terete or dorsally subcompressed, with a T-shaped groove
primary ridges distinct, broad or narrow, secondary
on the inner face
;
carpophore undivided or 2-fid.
vittse solitary in each furrow, slender, or
;
Seed terete, dorsally subcompressed. Distrib. Species 10; all northern, mostly
Mediterranean.
;

1. S. Pecten- veneris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. iv. 221 ; bracteoles lanceolate often incised or lobed at the apex, beak of the fruit dorsally compressed
hispidulous on the margins, fruit 1-2 in. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 914.

Kashmir;

alt.

5000-6000

Falconer, Thomson.
Punjab; Salt Hills, Cleghorn,
Cabul to "Western Europe.
glabrous or pilose as are the leaves.
Umbels simple or compound,

Aitchison, Jameson.

Stem 6-12

in.,

'

ft.,

Distrib.

short-peduncled ; bracteoles \ in., lanceolate, pubescent or ciliate

Beak of fruit twice as long as the seed
hardly
in. in fruit.

pedicels 3-8,
ridges broad,

obtuse.

17.

ANTHRISCUS,

Hoffm.

Herbs. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, ultimate segments pinnatifid or toothed, often

Umbels compound ; bracts 1-2 or
bracteoles several, undivided.
Calyx-teeth 0, or minute.
Petals emargiFlowers white, often polygamous.
Fruit oblong or ovate-oblong, narrowed shortly at the apex, laterally
nate.
compressed, constricted at the commissure often scabrous carpels terete or
dorsally subcompressed, with a T-shaped groove on the inner face
primary
ridges not prominent, vittse solitary in each furrow, minute, or
carpophore
Seed terete, dorsally subcompressed. Distrib. Species
undivided or 2-fid.
10, the north temperate regions of the Old World, 1 extending to North-west
America.
broad.

1. A. nemorosa, Spreng. PI. Umb. Prodr. 27 ; rays 10-15 stout glabrous,

bracteoles 5-7 lanceolate pubescent, fruit ovate-oblong clothed with ascending
DC. Prodr. iv. 223 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 911.
hispid hairs.

Kashmir,
Stem 5-8

ft.; plentiful. Distrib. N. Asia to E.Europe.

sparingly hairy. Leaves large with large pinnae and segments,
Flowers often radiant. Fruits
glabrous, or pubescent beneath.
Bracteoles 4- in.
% in., numerous in each umbellule, black, minutely puncticulate as well as prominently hispid, ridges acute at the apex.
alt.

ft.,

7000-11,000


lxx. umbellifer^e.,

Seseli.]

18.

(C. B. Clarke.)

SESELI,

693

Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 2-3-ninnate or twice 3-partite.

Umbels compound bracts
few or many, undivided or pinnate bracteoles
Calyx-teeth minute, lanceolate or linear, or 0.
several or many.
Petals
;

emarginate, white. Fruit oblong ovate or circular, not laterally compressed,

broadest at the commissure carpels ^-terete or (in S. trilobum) much dorsally
compressed; inner face plane or (in S. trilobum) concave; ridges strong,
obtuse or subacute, lateral hardly larger than the dorsal ; vittse in each furrow
solitary, usually prominent; carpophore 2-partite, 2-fid or entire; disc not
prominent on the fruit.
Seed ^-terete ; in S. trilobum dorsally compressed,
inner face excavated. Distrib. Species 40 ; in the N. temperate zone of the
Old World ; with 2 doubtful Australian.
;

1. S. sibiricum, JSenth. in Gen. PI. i. 901; lower leaves 2-pinnate

secondary pinnae large ovate toothed and pinnatifid sessile or decurrent, calyx-

teeth triangular minute deciduous, fruit cylindric villous.

967.

Boiss. Fl.

Orient.

ii.

West Tibet; Falconer. Kashmir; Jacquemont. Kishtwar, alt. 7000-8000 ft.,

Thomson. Distrib. Asia, Eussia.
Minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous, 2-4 ft. Lower leaves often 1 ft., upper
often pinnate; pinnae somewhat firm in texture, subspinulose, secondary 1-2 in.
or 1; in the Siberian examples sometimes many; rays 15-40,
Bracts usually
l-2 in., pubescent; bracteoles 5-10, \ in. lanceolate; pedicels 10-25, - in.
Young fruit \ in., densely villous, in age less so carpels ^-terete, dorsally com-

epicarp somewhat thickened, ridges strong, subequal,

pressed, inner face plane
Seed plane on the inner face.
vittse large; carpophore slender, 2-partite.
;

2. S. indicum, W. A. Prodr. 371 ; lower leaves 2-pinnate secondary

pinnae ovate lobed pubescent, calyx-teeth 0, fruit subglobose ridges thick. Cnidium diffusum, DC. Prodr. iv. 153 ; Wight Ic. t. 569. Athamantha diffusa,
Ligusticum indicum, Wall. Cat. 7215.
L. diffusum, Roxb.
Wall. Cat. 570.
Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 92.

Plains of India from the foot of the Siwaliks to Assam and Coromandel frequent in Central Bengal.
Annual, erect or diffuse, 4-12 in., often much branched. Leaves all similarly cut,
Bracts 4-5, in., narrowly lanceolate, caudate,
upper without linear segments.
pubescent rays 8-16, \-l in. bracteoles like the bracts but rather smaller; pedicels
8-16, in. Flowers white or pinkish. Fruit fo-fo in. (in Koxburgh's drawing
copied in Wight Ic. t. 569) glabrous; in Wall. Cat. 7215, and W. $ A. Prodr. 371,
very hirsute (and hardly half as large) hairs often clubbed or substellate at the
apex carpels ^-terete vittse distinct carpophore entire. There are examples with
fruit intermediate between the two extreme types above described.
;

S. daucifolium,

C. B. Clarke; leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate seglinear or narrowly lanceolate, bracts many often divided, fruit globose
daucifolium, Wall. Cat. 7209.
Discopleura sp., Benth. in
glabrous.
3.

ments

Ammi

Gen. PI.

i.

907.

East Bengal

Distrib.

from Bhotan and Assam

to

Dacca and Chittagong

Wallich, &c.

China.

glabrous or nearly so, very leafy upwards. Margin of the

Peduncles often leaf-opposed, short, stout; bracts |-J in.,
sometimes pinnate; rays 8-16, usually shorter than the bracts; bracteoles 6-12,
in., linear; pedicels 10-25, - in. Calyx-teeth 0. Petals white or pinkish.

Annual,

erect,

8-16

in.,

leaves minutely serrulate.


;;;

694

lxx. UMBELLiFERas.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Seseli.

much like 8. indicum but smaller and quite glabrous; ridges subequal.
Mr. Bentham did not possess well-ripened fruit when he referred this species to
Discopleura. Hance referred the Chinese examples doubtfully to Cnidium Monnieri,
Cuss. DC. Prodr. iv. 152 to which Seseli daucifolium bears a general resemblance
but it is more leafy upwards with short peduncles, and the fruit is much smaller
and not dorsally compressed.
Fruit

4. S. trilobum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 901 ; lower leaves 2-pinnate or

twice 3-partite, secondary pinnae ovate lobed petioluled villous or tomentose
beneath, calyx-teeth subulate minute deciduous, fruit ovate acute villous. Scaphespermum trilobum, Edgw. in Tram. Linn. Soc. xx. 58.

North-West Himalaya; Nrn, alt. 8000-10,000 ft., Edgeworth. Gurwhal, FalKttmaon; Millem, alt. 11,000 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom.
Stem 8-24 in., villous and little leafy upwards. Leaves minutely pubescent above
secondary pinnae -f in., crenate-serrate or irregularly lobed. Bracts 3-5, in.
rays 5-10, 1-2 in.; bracteoles 5-8, - in., linear; pedicels 10-20, %-\ in. Fruit
- in., but little longer than broad; carpels convexo-concave, much dorsally comcarpophore deeply
pressed
ridges strongly marked, subequal, vittae prominent
2-fid.
Seed excavated on the inner face, differing thus from all other species of
Seseli.
Perhaps a Pycnocycla.
coner.

19.

PYCNOCYCLA,

Lindl.

Perennial herbs branches rush-like, few-leaved. Leaves pinnately dissected,

ultimate segments narrow. Rays of the umbels very short ; bracts and bracteoles
many, small umbellules containing one central sessile fertile flower, and
Calyx-tube hairy; teeth small, lanceolate, often
several pedicelled males.
unequal. Petals obovate, emarginate, hairy. Frjiit oblong-lanceolate, hairy,
terete (one carpel is frequently aborted), surrounded by the inflated pedicels of
the barren flowers, receptacle not (or very obscurely) enlarged carpophore
;
carpels ^-terete, inner face deeply grooved; primary ridges filiform, minute,
lateral at the margin of the broad commissure ; vittse numerous, very slender,
usually 1 under each primary ridge and several still more minute scattered
in the endocarp.
Seed lunate or with a T-shaped groove on the inner face.
Disteib. Species 7, in N.E. Africa and "W. and Central Asia.
;

Whether one or more flowers in each umbellule perfect seed is hardly a character
of generic importance in this order, as may be seen in Chcerophyllum, wherein C. reflexum is hardly separable specifically from C. villosum. If this point be withdrawn from the generic character of Pycnocycla, it will include Seseli trilobum,
Benth.

P. g-lauca,

Lindl. in Boyle III. 232, t. 51 branches slightly pubessegments of the leaves long-linear subterete, umbels on long pubescent peduncles. Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 8. P. abyssinica, Hochst. ;
1.

cent, ultimate

A. Bich. Fl. Abyss,

i.

333.

North- West India, Boyle Sutledge banks, Falconer.

Satpura Hills, G. Thomson. Distrib. Abyssinia.

Branched from the base, 1-2

Jubbulpore

Beddome.

branches terete, striate, subglaucous. Radical

segments remote, glabrous or nearly so
Umbels in flower in. diam.,
cauline similar, but smaller more shortly petioled.
resembling those of a Scabiosa ; bracts 5-6, in., oblong-linear or linear, hairy
Flowers in the
bracteoles similar but smaller rays ^ in., hairy pedicels hairy.
in. ;
umbellule about 9; petals white, with reddish midrib, hairy. Fruit g- by
carpel with a X- s ^ aP e d groove on the inner face.
have the two
examples
Beddome's
carpels producing perfect and similar seeds.
ft.

leaves long-petioled, pinnately dissected

Foeniculum.']

lxx. umbelliferjE.

20.

(C. B. Clarke.)

FCENXCUXiUM,

;;-

695

Adam.

Glabrous herbs, biennial or perennial, tall. Leaves 2-3-4-pinnate, ultimate

segments linear. Bracts
bracteoles 0, or few small linear.
Calyx-teeth 0.
Petals yellow, emarginate. Fruit not laterally compressed, oblong or ellipsoid
carpels ^-terete, ridges prominent subequal, furrows 1-vittate carpophore 2partite.
Seed somewhat dorsally compressed, inner face slightly concave.
Distrib. Species 3-4, from the Canaries to Western Asia, 1 widely cultivated.
;

F. vulgare,

23, fig. 5 ; DC. Pfodr. iv. 142 ; W.

in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 115.
F. officinale, Allion. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii. 975. F. dulce, C. Bauh. ; DC. I.e. y
F. Panmorium, DC. I. c. ; Wight Ic. t. 570.
Anethum Foeniculum, Linn. ;
Roxb. Sort. Beng. 22. A. Panmorium, Roxb. Hart. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 94
1.

$ A. Prodr.

Fleming

371

Cat. Ind.

Gaertn. Fruct.

Wight

Med.

Ic.

PI.

t.

515

105,

i.

t.

Kurz

Wall. Cat. 7211.

Ozodia fceniculacea, W.

A.

Prodr. 375.

Commonly cultivated throughout India, alt. 0-6000 ft. ; often appearing wild.
Distrib. Widely cultivated.
The Indian examples have the ultimate segments of the leaves very long ; the
form F. piperitum DC. Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 975 ; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1931 (with
short linear ultimate segments) has not been communicated from India.
;

21.

FRANCOS, Lindl.

Leaves 3-4-pinnate.
Umbels compound ; bracts and
Tall, perennial herbs.
Calyx-teeth 0. Petals emarginate, yellow.
bracteoles many.
Fruit oblong,
commissure broad ; carpels ^-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face nearly
plane but the epicarp there thin, introflexed in a deep T-shaped groove;
epicarp spongy; primary ridges large, subequal or the lateral larger; vittae
Seed dorsally compressed, inner face
small, numerous ; carpophore 2-partite.
Distrib. Species 25,
slightly concave, with a deep narrow T-shaped groove.
in the Mediterranean and West Asian regions.
1. P. pabularia, Lindl. in Quart. Journ. Sc. xix. (1824) 7; glabrous,
ultimate segments of the leaves -1 in. setaceous, fruit ridges undulate furrows
DC. Prodr. iv. 239 ; Wall. PI. As. Bar. ii. 7, t. 212.
rough with corrugations.
Laserpitium sp. Wall, in Trans. Agri. fy Hort. Soc. Ind. i. 74-82.

Kashmih and Baltisthan, alt. 6000-11,000 ft., Falconer, &c. Distbib. Cabul,
Kashgar.
Stem 4-5 ft. Leaves 12-18 in., very compound. Umbels 6-18 in. diam., sometimes very compound. Bracts 4-8, f in., linear. Pedicels 15-25, -in., whereof
4-8 may produce fruit. Fruit \-% in. wings ^ in. broad style-bases depressed
;

'

styles short, early reflexed.

Seed j^-ib 1Q diam.

-

22.

(ENANTHE,

Linn.

Herbs, growing in wet places root fibrous creeping or stoloniferous (in Indian species). Leaves 1-3-pinnate, ultimate segments large or linear or minute,
Umbels compound bracts 0-1 (in Indian
rarely reduced almost to sheaths.
Flowers white, often polygamous, males
species); bracteoles several linear.
Fruit
Petals emarginate.
Calyx-teeth small, acute.
sometimes radiant.
;

696

lxx. umbellifer^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[CEnanthe.

glabrous, ellipsoid, longer than broad, or globose, nearly terete, commissure

carpels ^-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face plane ; lateral primary
;
ridges large, triangular, corky ; dorsal and intermediate primary ridges much
smaller, sometimes obsolete, or all subequal ; furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore
j
Seed terete or dorsally compressed, inner face
disc usually not prominent.
plane.
Distrib. Species 25, in the northern hemisphere and S. Africa.

broad

1. <E. stolonifera, Wall. Cat. 585 j stoloniferous, stem long-decumbent

often floating, leaves 1-2-pinnate secondary pinnse lanceolate or rhomboid-lanceolate serrate or lobed scarcely half-way down, peduncles usually elongate.
DC. Prodr. iv. 138 ; Wight Ic. t. 571 ; Kurz in Jou?-n. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii.
Ho. GE. javanica, DC. Prodr. iv. 138. Phellandrium stoloniferum, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 93. Dasyloma latifolium, Lindl. in Royle III.
232. D. javanicum, Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 741. D. sub-bipinnatum, Mia.
Oyssopetalum javanum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc.
in Ann. Mm. Lugd. Bat. iii. 59.
Nat. Mosc. 1849, pt. ii. 25.
alt.
Northern India from Kashmir and the Punjab to Assam and Pegu
0-5000 ft., frequent; common in the plains of Bengal. Distrib. Java, China,.

Japan.
Glabrous or nearly so, 2-4 ft., rooting freely from many of the lower nodes.
Leaves from 3-partite to 2-pinnate; ultimate segments 1-2 by |-1 in., those of the
in., subquaupper leaves never linear. Bays 6-30, | 2 in., stout. Carpels by
drate-ellipsoid, sometimes shorter scarcely longer than broad dorsal and intermeSeed, in horizontal section, nearly
diate ridges usually distinct, scarcely prominent.
circular.
Dasyloma japonica, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 59, has the leaflets
rather more lobed than any Indian examples, but is (ex Maximowicz. ms.) only a
variety of <E. stolonifera. From this (E. laciniatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 741,
does not appear to differ.
Var. 1 khasiana very large, secondary pinnae large, nerves beneath reticulated
Khasia Mts., near Moflong, alt. 6000 ft.,
elevated scabrid subpubescent, rays 3 in.
H. f. T. Calyx-teeth less prominent than in the type bracteoles much exceeding the flowering umbellules. This may be a distinct species but the examples do

not.

exhibit fruit.

Var.

2.

corticata,

Edgw.

3-partite, fruit scarcely

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 53 (sp.)

leaves often simply

in. subglobose. Banks of the Delhi Canal, Edgeworth.

2. <E. benghalensis, Benih. in Gen. PL i. 906 ; roots fibrous, stem

erect divided often from the base, leaves 2-pinnate secondary pinnae lanceolate
or ovate often deeply pinnatifid ultimate segments never linear, peduncles usually
short often 0. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 115.
Seseli benghalensis,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 94. Dasyloma benghalense, DC. Prodr. iv.
140 ; Wight Ic. t. 568. D. glaucum, DC. Prodr. iv. 140. Biforis benghalensis,.
Wall. Cat. 588. B. glauca, Wall. Cat. 587.

Bengal Plain and Assam, common. Distrib. Formosa, Bonin, Loo-choo.

Glabrous or nearly so; 8-16 in.; usually erect on muddy banks. Secondary
Umbel often
pinnae -1 in,, of the lower leaves often ovate, of the upper lanceolate.
Carpels
sessile.
Bracts 0; rays 4-6, rarely f in., stout.
Calyx-teeth small.
in., subquadrate ellipsoid
dorsal and intermediate ridges usually distinct
T5-T5 by
scarcely prominent.
Seed nearly terete. The Indian specimens of (E. stolonifera
are readily separated from (E. benghalensis.
(E. stolonifera is usually much larger
with thickened hollow stems the leaves are less compound, the rays more numerous
and longer, the fruits longer. It is more difficult to separate the Chinese and
Japanese specimens.

3. OB. linearis, Wall. Cat. 586 ; stem decumbent, nodes rooting freely,
leaves 2-pinnate ultimate segments of the upper -1 in. linear, peduncles and
umbels nearly as in (E. stolonifera. DC. Prodr. iv. 138.


(Enanthe.]

lxx. tjmbelliferj:.

697"

(C. B. Clarke.)

Nipal; Wallich.
Closely allied to (E. stolonifera, and only differing in 'the more narrowly cut
leaves, ultimate segments of the uppermost often by
in.
"Wallich's specimens
have no fruit. Mr. Bentham (in Gen. PI. i. 906) has admitted this plant to specific

X-A

rank.
4. <E. Kookeri, C. B. Clarke
stem decumbent, nodes rooting, leaves
mostly reduced to a fistular rachis with a very few remote pinnae, pinnae \ in.
lineal- often 0. Dasyloma sp. 1, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. 8? T.
Umbellifera, No.
985, Griff. Itin. Notes 57.
;

Khasia Mts.,

alt. 5000-6000 ft.; Griffith, H.f. <f T., C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous, or the rays sometimes pubescent. Stem 2 ft., erect, fistulous, scarcely
divided.
Peduncles elongate.
Bract 1, \ in., linear, or 0; rays 4-8, \-2% in.;
bracteoles often longer than the flowering umbellule.
Calyx-teeth obsolete.
Carpels
TS-J5 D y is * n> a ^ mos t exactly as in (E. benghalensis, much smaller than in Q. fistu-losa, which this plant resembles in habit.
'

5. OS. Thomson!, C. B. Clarke-, leaves finely 3-4-pinnate ultimate

segments scarcely in. linear, peduncle elongate, carpels dorsally compressed.
Dasyloma sp. 2, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $ T. Umbellifera, No. 1001, Grif.
Itin. Notes 65.

Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 5000-8000 ft., frequent.

Khasia Mts., alt. 45006000 ft., frequent.
Glabrous, 2-3 ft., weak, diffuse, branched.
Leaves 6 in., ovate, sometimes 5pinnate. Rays 4-8, -l| in.
bracteoles not prominent.
Carpels
in. dorby
sally compressed, otherwise much resembling (E. benghalensis and (E. Kookeri. Seed

dorsally compressed.

SCKULTZIA,

23.

Spreng.

Glabrous perennial herbs. Leaves 1-2-pinnate, ultimate pinnae toothed pinBracts several, entire or divided
bracteoles numerous.
Petals obovate, emarginate, white.
Calyx-teeth prominent (in Indian species).
Fruit ovate-oblong, commissure broad caYpels dorsally compressed primary
Distkib. Species 5
ridges slender furrows 2-4-vittate carpophore 2-partite.

natifid or multifid.

in Central Asia, 1 in India.

1.

S-? Benthami,

C.

Hohenack. No. 657 not of W.

B. Clarke.

Pimpinella involucrata, Miq. in

PL

$ A.

Canaea; Hohenacker.
Calyx-teeth narrow-lanceolate, small. Fruit - in. subquadrate, ellipsoid ridges
very slightly elevated, the two intermediate approximated to the dorsal.
Seed compressed, lunate, inner
Carpels lunate, compressed, face somewhat excavate.
The examples in ripe fruit have the aspect leaves and umbels of P.
face concave.
involucrata, W.
A., but the fruit (several still attached) is altogether different, and
the plant is referred by Benth. (in Gen. PI. i. 909) to Schultzia though the fruit doesnot quite fit that. If not a Schultzia, the three approximate ridges on the back of
;

distinct,

&

the carpels must

still

bring the plant to this position in the Umbelliferous series.

24.

POLYZYGUS,

Dalz.

glabrous herb ; root tuberous. Leaves 2-pinnate or twice 3-partite, seconUmbels compound bracts 0, or
dary pinnae ovate lobed or deeply pinnatifid.
few small; bracteoles few, small, linear. Calyx-teeth small, or the outer
;

698

[Polyzygus.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. umbellifeRjE.

Petals oblong, emarginate, white. Fruit ovoid, terete ; commissure broad ; primary ridges slender furrows wide, 1-3-vittate ; carpophore
2-partite.
Seed ^-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face plane.

slightly larger.

P. tuberosus,

1.

Bomb.

Dalz. in Hook. Reio Journ.

ii.

260

Dalz.

fy

Cribs.

Fl. 107.

Balzell Concan, Stocks Canara and Mvsore Law.

Stems 8-18 in., several, weak. Secondary pinnae of the leaves -li in., ultimate
segments lanceolate or ovate. Bays 3-8, -l in. pedicels 6-12, |- in. Fruit
in.
style-bases depressed, inconspicuous.
This resembles a Pimpinella, but the
habit is weak, straggling.

Bombay and Malwa,

25.

X.XGUSTXCUM,

Linn.

Perennial herbs. Leaves 1-2-3-pinnate or twice 3-partite, ultimate pinnae

large minutely pubescent in the Indian species.
Umbels compound, usually of
many rays ; bracts many, few, or ; bracteoles many, rarely divided. Calyxteeth obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, white.
Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid,
terete or dorsally subcompressed, commissure broad ; carpels dorsally compressed, inner face plane ; primary ridges very conspicuous, often subalate, subequal or the lateral wider ; dorsal furrows at least 2-vittate, lateral at least
3-vittate ; carpophore 2-partite. Seed dorsally compressed, about twice as broad
as thick, inner face plane or slightly concave. Distrib. Species 20, in the

northern hemispheres.

Thomson!,

1. Zi.
C. B. Clarke ; leaves 1-pinnate pinnae oblong lobed or
pinnatifid, fruit ellipsoid terete, lateral ridges scarcely wider than the dorsal.

Oreocome

sp. 2,

Herb. Ind. Or. H.f.

T.

8f

West

Tibet, alt. Il,000-i3,000 ft., Thomson.Distrib. Afghanistan.

Nearly glabrous top of the peduncle pubescent. Stem 2 ft. Lower leaves 6 by
2 in., oblong, primary pinnae 1 by f in., lobed, or sometimes deeply pinnatifid upper
leaves reduced nearly to sheaths, or small more finely cut. Bracts 5-8, g- in.,
white-margined, deciduous
rays 10-20
bracteoles like the bracts but smaller.
Fruit by \ in. ; ridges subalate dorsal furrows 3-2-vittate, lateral 3-vittate,
;

commissure 6-10-vittate.
Var. evolutior larger, leaves larger 2-pinnate nerves pubescent. North Kashmir, alt. 6000-9000 ft., frequent.
Stem usually 3-5 ft., often leafy upwards.

Umbel very many-rayed,

dense.

Fruit exactly as in the type.

2. Zj. marginatum, C. B. Clarke; lower leaves pinnate pinnae large

deeply pinnatifid, carpels orbicular with prominent lateral ridges much dorsally
compressed.

North-west Himalaya; alt. 7000-10,000 ft. Simla and Naini Tal; Thomson.
Glabrous or nearly so, 2-4 ft., corymbose, nearly naked upwards. Lower cauline
leaves 8-10 by 3 in., pinnae 1-1 in. deeply pinnatifid, lower sometimes subpinnate;
segments oblong, serrate or lobed, often minutely pubescent. Peduncles long, pubescent upwards. Bracts 1-5, \ in., linear; rays 12-20, - 1\ in.; bracteoles 4-8,
^-\ in., linear. Fruit larger than in L. Thomsoni, the lateral ridges much wider
than the dorsal vittae 3 in each furrow, 8 on the commissure. Seed 4-6 times as
broad as thick, inner face slightly convex. Undistinguishable from L. Thomsoni in
the absence of fruit.
;

3. Xi. elatum, C. B. Clarke; lower cauline leaves 2-pinnate secondary

pinnae 1-3 in. ovate pinnatifid, fruit elliptic much dorsally compressed. Oortia


Ligusticum.]
elata,

Edgw.

lxx. umbelliferje.

(C. B. Clarke.)

in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 55.

699

Levisticum argutum, Lindl. in

Jtoyh IU. 232.

North-west Himalaya Simla, alt. 7000-8000 ft., Edgeworth. Lahui, Jaeschke.
Stem 2-3 ft. Lower leaves 12 by 8 in., secondary pinnae distant; upper pinnate
or reduced to sheaths. Bracts 1-4, \ in., linear, or 0; rays 12-40, 1-1 in.;
bracteoles 6-12, \ in., linear; pedicels very many.
Fruit - in., nearly as in
L. marginatum, but the carpels are longer than broad dorsal furrows 2-3-vittate,
lateral 3-vittate, commissure 6-8-vittate.
Seed 4-6 times as broad as thick, inner
face plane.
Edgeworth's description is most accurate; the word bivittatis in the
specific character being a misprint for trivittatis.
He suggests that it may be the
imperfectly described Levisticum argutum, Lindl.
;

26.

SEXiXNUItt,

Linn.

Perennial, branched herbs.

Leaves pinnately compound.
Umbels comrays numerous ; bracts many, linear or pinnatifid, or few, small, or ;
;
bracteoles numerous, linear, serrate or pinnatifid, sometimes few small.
Calyx-teeth obsolete, or lanceolate or linear.
Petals obovate, emarginate,
white or yellowish-green. Fruit ovoid or subquadrate, commissure broad,
more or less dorsally compressed or complanate ; lateral primary ridges
winged, corky or papery, dorsal and intermediate ridges approximate, equal or
unequal, as wide as the lateral or not, sometimes excurrent, not winged ; dorsal
furrows 1-vittate (or rarely 1 large deep-seated 2 small lateral superficial) or 0,
lateral furrows 1-4 vittate ; carpophore slender, 2-partite ; style-bases not prominent in fruit. Seed subterete, or more or less dorsally compressed, inner
face plane or slightly concave, not grooved.
Distkib. Species 35, chiefly north
temperate, with a South African and Andean.

pound

The Indian species are uniform in habit, having very compound leaves, large
umbels with prominent involucres, three approximated ridges excurrent on the back
of each carpel, and the seed not grooved on the inner face. Ligusticum differs by
having the dorsal furrows 3-vittate. S. tenuifolium has the three dorsal ridges not
Pimexcurrent, often subobsolete, and is therefore hardly different from Angelica.
jpinella sikkimensis (p. 685) was referred to Selinum by Bentham.
1. S. striatum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 914 ; ultimate segments of the
leaves | in. narrowly oblong-lanceolate, fruit little dorsally compressed, ridges
subequally winged, vittse all solitary, seed about twice as broad as thick.
Laserpitium striatum, Wall. Cat. 583 (not Ligusticum striatum, DC. Prodr.

iv. 158).

Khasia Mts. alt. 3500-6000 ft., abundant.

Wallich.
Glabrous or nearly so 1-4 ft., frequently with many withered fibres at the base.
Leaves 4-8 in., ovate, 3-4-pinnate, uppermost sheath often extending the whole length
Bracts 4-6, J-f in., linear: ray^ glabrous or obscurely pubesof the petiole.
cent bracteoles 4-8, \ in., linear, minutely white on the margin, hardly serrate,
Fruit - in.,
Calyx-teeth linear, oblong, twice as long as broad.
not divided.
lateral furrows 1-vittate, vittae twice as wide as those in the dorsal; commisSeed obscurely 2-grobved on the inner face. Easily
sural vittse 2, wide apart.
recognised by the little-compressed fruits and seeds. All the specimens are Khasian,
except Wallich's, which have the ultimate segments of the leaves less narrowly cut,
showing the secondary nerves impressed the fruit is exactly as in the Khasian
examples. In Ligusticum striatum, DC. Prodr. iv. 158, the furrows are multi -vittate.
Bentham, I.e., assuming that DC. possessed the true S. striatum, points out that he
was mistaken on this point. But DC. also says that his Ligusticum striatum had
**
leaves 2-pinnate the lobes acute entire seldom incised," so that his plant cannot be
Nipax

700

lxx. umbelltfer^:.

[Selinum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

referred to any Indian Selinum.

"Wallich must have distributed two plants
tinder one name in this as in so many other cases.
.

mixed

S. tenuifolium,

Wall. Cat. 579, chiefly, ultimate pinnae in. broaddeeply into narrow lanceolate acute segments, fruit | in. much
dorsally compressed, lateral ridges much the broadest, dorsal furrows 1-vittate
lateral 2-3-vittate, seed 4-6 times as broad as thick.
S. Candollii, Edgw. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 55, not of DC. Peucedanum Wallichianum, DC. Prodr.
2.

elliptic pinnatifid

Pleurospermum cicutarium, Lindl.

iv. 181.
Candolliana, Edgiv. I. c.

in Bogle III. 233.

Oreocome

Himalaya; alt. 6000-13,000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan, very common.

Stem 2-6 ft. Lower leaves often 1 ft., in outline ovate, usually 3-pinnate, tertiary pinnae 1-2-pinnatifid, glabrous or pubescent; upper leaves reduced, sheath
often as long as the petiole. Bracts 4-8, f-l in., linear, often toothed or slightly
lobed, rarely pinnate ; rays generally villous bracteoles 5-12, often longer than the
umbellule, white-margined, often lobed rarely pinnate or 2-pinnatifid.
Calyx-teeth
linear; carpels slightly elliptic, longer than broad; dorsally compressed, subcomplanate, 3 dorsal ridges approximate, often hardly elevated (whence DC. considered
the plant a Peucedanum) commissural vittae 4-6, distant from the medial line. Seed
complanate, inner face plane or subconvex.
Var. 1. filicifolia quaternary pinnae pinnatifid into more remote lobes. Oreocome
filicifolia, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 55.
?Laserpitium coniifolium, Wall.
Cat. 584. Kashmir and N.W. Himalaya, alt. 6000-10,000 ft., frequent.Wallich's
ti. coniifolium is without fruit and the leaves appear to belong to two species.
Ligusticum coniifolium, DC. Prodr. iv. 158, from -the description appears the same
plant; DC. says that the furrows are multi-vittate referring probably to the lateral
;

which have 2-4 vittae.

Vab. 2. elata quaternary pinnae ^-1 in. broad- elliptic, fruit \ in. much dorsally
compressed, dorsal and intermediate ridges distinctly winged, but less so than the
ones,

furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-3-vittate, seed 4 times as broad as thick.

Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 54. North-west Himalaya, alt. 600010,000 ft.; from Kashmir to Kumaon; frequent. This seems to differ from S. tenuifolium in the winged 3 dorsal ridges the fruit also is somewhat larger. As regards
Edgeworth's main character of
primary pinnae of the upper leaves sessile at the
apex of the sheath," it is common to S. tenuifolium and most other Indian species.
lateral, dorsal

Oreocome

elata,

'

S. Candollii, DC.

Prodr. iv. 165; quaternary pinnae -f in. broadpinnatifid deeply into narrow-lanceolate acute segments, fruit in.
somewhat dorsally compressed, ridges all distinctly subequally winged, furrows
all 1-vittate, seed 2 times as broad as thick.
Angelica ? Candollii, Wall. Cat.
3.

elliptic

582.
alt. 7000-8000 ft., Thomson.
Nepal and Kumaon ; Wallich. Sikkim ;
12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.
Stem, leaves, bracts and umbels generally like S. tenuifolium, but the fruit very
Fruit subquadrate, longer than broad ; 3 dorsal ridges approximate vittce
distinct.
in the lateral furrows solitary, but twice as broad as the dorsal, commissural 2, thick,
somewhat widely separated. Seed convexo-concave, margins obtuse.

Kashmir;

alt.

4.

S. vag-inatum,

C.

B. Clarke

secondary pinnae mostly 1

in.

lanceo-

late serrate scarcely lobed or pinnatifid, bracteoles 1-2-pinnate, fruit in. dorsally compressed, ridges all winged the lateral more broadly, vittae obsolete,

seed 3 times as broad as thick.

xx. 55.

From Kashmir

to

Kumaon,

Glabrous, or nearly

so,

2-4

alt.
ft.

Cortia vaginata, Edgiv. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

6000-12,000 ft., frequent.

Leaves 4-10 in., elliptic; lower

like

Sium

lati-


lxx. umbellifer^:.

Selinum.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

701

folium tipper reduced primary pinnae sometimes sessile on the sheath. Bracts few,
usually inconspicuous; bracteoles 8-12, -l| in., usually exceeding the umbellule.
Fruit subquadrate, longer than broad, 3 dorCalyx-teeth long linear lanceolate.
Seed plane on the inner face, or slightly concave. The
sal ridges approximate.
Herbarium specimens are largely mixed with fruits of S. elatum and Edgeworth's
descriptions of the fruit and bracteoles seem taken from these the true plant has
very large compound bracteoles, and the above description of the fruit is of ripe ones
attached to unmistakable leaves. Mr. Bentham has referred it to Ligusticum, from
the leaves approaching the Indian Ligusticums and the obsolete vittoe but the compound bracteoles and long calyx-teeth refer it to Selinum.
;

papyraceum,

C. B. Clarke; tertiary pinnae in. ovate serrate or

5. S.
half-pinnatifid into lanceolate segments, fruit in. much dorsally compressed,
lateral wings papery wider than the 3 dorsal, dorsal furrows 1-vittate lateral
usually 2-vittate, seed in horizontal section elliptic twice as broad as thick.

From Baltisthan and Kashmir

to Sixkim, alt. 8000-12,000 ft.

frequent.
tenuifolium so closely that it is difficult to separate until
the leaves are usually less compound, the rays less
the fruit is nearly ripe
Fruit often longer than the umbellule,
villous, the bracteoles not white-margined.
subquadrate, rather longer than broad, very strongly compressed; lateral ridges,
quite unlike the white corky wings of the other Indian Selinums 3 dorsal ridges
very close together, usually very small, but in some examples the intermediate ridges
are developed, nearly as wide as the lateral, the dorsal remaining minute. Seed very
narrow compared with the breadth of the carpel, commissural vittae close to the

Eesembling

S.

carpophore.

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

?S. dissectum, Wall. Cat. 581; leaves pinnate segments twice pinnatipartite,
lobes linear-oblong acute, bracts 0, bracteoles few, flowers yellowish, fruit nearly
orbicular narrowly margined, furrows 1-vittate, vittae very distinct, commissural pair
Peucedanum dissectum, DC. Prodr. iv. 178. Nipal;
close to the carpophore.
Gossain Than, Wallich. Habit of Mthusa. The sheet in the Wallichian Herbarium
4-8 bracts and prominent bracteoles
contains
1, a good specimen in flower having
2, a young flowering specimen, exinvolucrate ; 3, a detached umbel in fruit.
1 certainly
description, copied above, appears made up from 2 and 3, excluding 1
does not belong to 2, and it is possible that the fruit 3 belongs to neither.

DCs

27.

CORTIA,

DC.

Perennial herbs, often nearly stem-less. Leaves 3-4-pinnate, mostly radical,

Umbels compound, central one often sessile on the
idtimate segments linear.
rootstock with numerous unequal rays; bracts rays and bracteoles many,
Petals obovate,
Calyx-teeth prominent, sub-linear.
often pinnate or 2-pinnate.

Fruit orbicular or elliptic, much dorsally compressed; lateral ridges winged, dorsal and intermediate approximated much
narrower sometimes hardly winged dorsal vittse solitary, lateral solitary or
Seed much dorsally compressed, inner face
in pairs; carpophore 2-partite.

plane.Disteib. Species 2 ; Himalayan.

emargmate, white or purplish.

This genus only differs from the Indian species of Selinum in the elongate
Lindleyi differs from all the Selinums by its compound
unequal rays of the umbel
pinnate bracteoles, C. Hookeri, by being stemless.
;

1.

C. Lindleii, DC. Prodr.

fertile flowers short

589.

Athamantha

fruit

iv.

depressa,

Don

187; bracteoles 2-pinnate, styles of the

Schultzia ? Lindlei, Wall. Cat.

Prodr. 184 (ex Wall. Herb.).

commissure

4-vittate.


702

lxx. UMBELLiFERiE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Cortia.

From Kumaon

to Bhotan, alt. 12,000-16,000 ft; Wallich, &c.

Stem 0-8 in. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, ultimate segments rarely ~ in.,
Umbel often sessile bracts (in the peduncled umbels) many large 2setaceous.
pinnate; rays often pubescent, very unequal, sometimes 8-12 in. Fruit - in.;
;

carpels elliptic, slightly cordate at base; 3-dorsal ridges slightly equally winged,
much narrower than the lateral dorsal furrows 1 -vittate, lateral usually 2-vittate.
Seed 4-5 times as broad as thick.
:

C. Kookeri,

2.

C.

B. Clarke; bracteoles long simple or slightly lobed,

commissure 2-vittate. Cortia sp. 1,

styles of the fertile flowers very long, fruit

Herb.lnd. Or.H.f.8rT.
Sikkim
C.

ft.,

13,000-18,000

alt.

B. Clarke

ft.,

Donkiah, Jongri, &c, J. D. H.

Yakla,

alt.

16,000

Phalloot, S. Kurz.

Stemless, with the fruit packed in dense masses over the crown, and a few long
umbel-rays often added. Leaves glabrous or minutely pubescent, ultimate segments
-\ in., linear. Rays usually pubescent bracteoles -f in.; pedicels of the fruit
j%-\ in., often ultimately thickened umbellules generally unisexual, males with long
stamens and obsolete styles. Fruit by | in., depressed-circular, base cordate 3 dorsal
ridges slightly equally elevated, or the dorsal slightly winged, the intermediate nearly
Seed 4-5 times as
as broad as the lateral furrows all 1 -vittate, vittse rather large.
broad as thick. The variation in the wings of the fruit of this species may be seen
But the great difference in the ultimate segments of the leaves is
in one umbellule.
only seen in different plants, and may indicate two species in one they are about
in in the other about \ in., and much more remote.
;

28.

PXiEUXlOSFERiaUXMC,

Hoffm.

Perennial or biennial herbs, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves 1-4-pinnate,

Umbels compound,
ultimate pinnae ovate, pinnatifid or multifid, setaceous.
rays many; bracts many, or few, often pinnatifid or compound, frequently
white-margined ; bracteoles many, broad, more or less white-margined, entire
Calyx-teeth small, or 0.
Petals obovate, emarginate,
toothed or pinnatifid.
white or dark purple. Fruit elliptic or oblong, terete or dorsally subcompressed ; epicarp often lax commissure broad ; primary ridges winged, lateral
narrower broader than the others furrows 1-vittate, or the lateral 2-vittate, or
Seed dorsally compressed, 2-3 times as
vittae many; carpophore 2-partite.
broad as thick, inner face grooved concave or nearly plane. Distrib. Species
16 ; Asiatic and Russian.
;

P. Crovanianum,

JBenth. in Gen. PL i. 915 leaves pinnate pinnae

toothed or pinnatifid, bracteoles obovate toothed or subpinnatifid at
the apex, fruit in. lateral ridges narrowest. Ligusticum Govanianum, Wall.
Hymenolaena Govaniana, DC. Prodr. iv. 246 Boyle III. 233, t. 52.
Cat. 546.
1.

-l

in.

From Kashmir

Gurwhal,

10,000-15,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c,

Stem 1 foot or less, thick, hollow. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong, pinnae often distant
Bracts 1-3 in., of* an oblong entire
never finely cut, rarely deeply pinnatifid.
white-margined sheath and divided often 2-pinnatifid limb rays 1-5 in. pedicels
very many, short umbellule capitate embraced by the bracteoles. Fruit ellipsoid or
subquadrate epicarp very lax, glistening, reticulate, ridges hollow, furrows 1-vittate.
Seed distinctly grooved on the inner face.
to

alt.

P. sikkimense, C.B.

Clarke-, leaves pinnate rarely 2-pinnate pinnae

toothed or pinnatifid, bracteoles obovate toothed or subpinnatifid at the
apex, fruit \ in. equally 5-ridged hardly winged, epicarp not loose.
2.

-2

in.


Pleurospermum,']
Sikkim,

alt.

lxx. umbelliferjE.

13,000-16,000

ft.

(C. B. Clarke.)

703

J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

Stem 2-24

in., thick, hollow.

Leaves 4-8 in., oblong pinnae often distant, never
Bracts 1-1^ in., usually pinnatifid at the apex rays 1-5 in. pedicelsvery many, short; umbellules capitate and embraced by the bracteoles. Fruit
narrow-oblong, rather broader upwards calyx-teeth small disc depressed epicarp
dull brown, somewhat corky furrows 1-vittate.
Seed concave or slightly grooved
on the inner face.
;

finely cut.

P. Candollii,

Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 884, 916 leaves pinnate pinnae

toothed or pinnatifid, bracteoles elliptic or oblong entire, fruit in.
lateral ridges broadest, furrows 3-2-vittate.
Ligusticnm Candollii, Wall. Cat,
Hymenoleena Candollii, DC. Prodr. iv. 245.
544.
H. latifolia, Lindl. in
Boyle III. 233. H. pimpinellifolia, Osten-Sacken & Buprecht Sert. Tiamchan,
3.

-l|

in.

50.

From Kashmir toKuMAON,

10,000-15,000 ft.

alt.

frequent.

Distrib. Tianschan

Mts.
Leaves 4-8 in., oblong pinnae often distant,
Stem 6-18 in., usually very thick.
never finely cut. Bracts 0-3 in., often like reduced upper leaves, sometimes a
mere sheath rays many, 2-8 in., sometimes carrying scattered white elliptic veined
bracts bracteoles obtuse, sometimes mucronate, embracing and usually ovrtopping
the umbel. Fruit ellipsoid ridges narrowly winged.
Seed grooved on the inner
This has numerous vittae, but the bracteoles and broad commissure are of
face.
;

P.? rotundatum,

Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 915; leaves pinnate or 3-parof the lower 1-3 in. diam. with 3 rounded lobes, bracts
or 1
small, bracteoles 5-8 \ in. narrow-lanceolate caudate entire white-margined.
Ligusticum rotundatum, Wall. Cat. 549. Hymenolsena rotundata, DC. Prodr.
iv. 245.
4.

tite, leaflets

Nipax; GossainThan, Wallich.

Leaflets 3-5, petioluled, distant, entire or crenate,
Stem 2 ft., not very thick.
Bays 8-12, 1-1 in,; pedicels
scarcely serrate, more often with 3 rounded lobes.
8-16, some as long as the bracteoles. Calyx-teeth 0. Disc and styles small. Young/ruit
subcylindric with incipient ridges. "Wallich's examples show no ripe fruit, so that
The elongate not thick stem, the subobsolete bracts, and
the genus is doubtful.
the little-prominent bracteoles do not look like Pleurospermum.

P. Benth ami,

C. B. Clarke ; leaves pinnate or sub-2-pinnate pinnae

deeply lobed, bracteoles oblong toothed scarcely pinnatifid at the apex,
fruiting pedicels -l| in., fruit \-\ in., lateral ridges widest. Ligusticum Benthami, Wall. Cat. 542. Hymenolsena Benthami, DC. Prodr. iv. 246.
5.

1-3

in.

Nipal Gossain Than, Wallich.

Stem 2-3 ft. Pinna pinnatifid; lobes distant, large, coarsely serrate Bracts
4-6, 1-lf in., oblong, coarsely lobed or pinnatifid at the apex; rays 4-12, l-2 in.
Fruit ellipsoid, dorsally compressed; calyx-teeth obsolete, style-bases somewhat
prominent furrows 1-vittate. Seed broadly concave on the inner face, hardly
;

grooved.
6.

3-6

in Gen. PI. i. 915 leaves 1-2-pinnate pinnae

with oblong segments, bracteoles 5-8 f in. narrow-lanceolate entire,
in. narrowly oblong. Ligusticum angelicoides, Wall. Cat. 548. Hyme-

P. angelicoides, Benth.

in.

fruit

nolsena angelicoides, DC. Prodr. iv. 245.

Eeis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 150, t. 47.

Kttmaon
Falconer.
Nepal Wallich.
Stem 3-4 ft. Leaves 12-18 in.

Kashmir;
terbottom.

Kutam

Pterocyclus angelicoides, Klotzsch in

River,

alt.

11,500

ft.,

Strachey

Win-

segments of the secondary pinnae often 1-3

in.,


704

lxx. UMBELLiFERiS.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Pleurospermwn.

serrated somewhat closely and regularly. Bracts 5-8, 1-1 f in., narrowly-lanceolate,
entire, white-margined; rays 10-20, 1-4 in.; pedicels in fruit ^-| in., often exceeding
the bracteoles. Eidges of the carpels thin, narrowly winged, lateral rather the
broadest.
The fruit is dorsally compressed Klotzsch's figure must have been
taken from very immature fruit, and does not show correctly the shape of the carpel
in horizontal section at any period.

P. dentatum,

i. 915 ; leaves 2-pinnate pinnae -2 in.

lanceolate entire or minutely denticulate near the
apex, fruit \ in. ellipsoid. Ligusticum dentatum, Wall. Cat. 547. Hymenolsena
dentata, DC. Prodr. iv. 245.

7.

Benth. in Gen. PI.

ovate, bracteoles 5-8

in.

From Kumaon toSiKKiM,

alt. 9000-13,000 ft., Wallich, &c.

Segments of the pinna % in., oblong or ovate, serrate. Bracts
lanceolate, white-margined; rays 5-15, 1-3 in.; bracteoles usually un-

Stem 2-4

ft.

3-0, 1 in.,
dulate on the margin, crenulate or denticulate, or quite entire; pedicels in fruit
Carpels elliptic, dorsally compressed ridges
\isually shorter than the bracteoles.
thin, narrowly alate, lateral broadest; dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-vittate
style-bases not prominent.
commissure plane, 4-vittate calyx-teeth
Seed very
Cnidium cuneatum, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i.
obscurely concave on the inner face, or plane.
331 (Aulacospermum, Ic. Fl. Ross. iv. 7, t. 312) appears the same, but the authentic
example is in young flower only. It is said to differ by the upper branches and leaves
being opposite and whorled but this is occasionally seen in many species of Pleurospermum. P. dentatum, in the absence of fruit, is very difficult to distinguish from
P. angelicoides; but the leaves and leaflets are generally smaller, the bracteoles lanceolate (rather than narrow-lanceolate) and slightly crenulate or serrulate. In defining the area of the species all Sir J. D. Hooker's examples distributed as P. angethough the leaflets are large, the fruit
licoides have been referred to P. dentatum
is small, and the bracteoles distinctly serrulate.
bracts 4-5, leaflets more irregularly incise-serrate.
Vab. erosa, DC. I. c.
Mixed with the type as DC. states. There appear two states of the bracts, and
two very differently cut leaves the latter may indicate a different species as DC.
suggests, but the typical P. dentatum has sometimes many bracts.
;

leaves pinnate pinnae -1 in.

8. P. pumilum, Benth. in Gen. PL i. 915
ovate lobed or subpinnatifid, bracts 1-2 small linear or 0, bracteoles 3-7 } in.
Ligusticum pumilum, Wall. Cat. 550.
linear entire obscurely white-margined.
Hymenolaena pumila, DC. Prodi: iv. 245.
;

Sikkim; Islumbo, alt 11,000

ft., C. B. Clarke.
very near P. dentatum, and differs
only in the subobsolete bracts and very narrow bracteoles. The Sikkim example
must have been at least 3 feet high, so that the name pumilum is not well applied to

Nipal; Wallich.

The specimens are without

fruit.

The

species

is

the species.

P. stylosum,

leaves 2-pinnate pinnae 1-3 in. often

\
entire or incise-serrate at the apex, fruit
in. subglobose transversely plicate-rugose.
9.

pinnatifid, bracteoles

C.

B. Clarke

6-10 lanceolate

Lahto; alt. 11,000-12,000 ft., Rev. H. Jaeschke.

Falconer.
Segments of the secondary pinna -1 in., pinnatifid or serrate.
ft.
bracteoles
1-3
in., lobed or pinnatifid at the apex; rays 10-35, 1^-3 in.
Bracts 4-6,
white-margined, entire, incised or lobed in the same umbel. Fruit slightly longer
than broad epicarp of very lax tissue (as in P. Govanianum) the transverse folds
occupying the whole back except the ridges style-bases prominent even on the ripe
ridges subequal, hardly winged.
fruit ; calyx-teeth obsolete

Kashmir;
Stem 2-4

10.

P. stellatum,

in. serrate or pinnatifid

Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 915 leaves 1-2-pinnate pinnae

with small narrowly lanceolate lobes, bracteoles 5-8
;


Pleurospermum.']

lxx. umbellifervE.

(C. B. Clarke.)

705

oblong white-margined obtuse lobed or very shortly pinnatifid at the apex, fruit
in. ellipsoid somewhat longer than broad, epicarp of very lax tissue, seed grooved
on the inner face. Selinum stellatum, Bon Prodr. 185 ; BC. Prodr. iv. 165.
Hynienolaena stellata, Lindl. in Boyle III. 233.
North-west Himalaya

Boyle.

Kumaon; Milam

Glacier, alt. 13,000

ft.,

Strachey

Winterbottom.

Leaves 2-4 in., oblong pinnae ovate, acutely serrate, or subflabellately pinnatifid or nearly 2-pinnate with mucronate lobes.
Bracts 1-4, -l in.,
pinnatifid
rays 3-5, 1-6 in., glabrous
pedicels very short.
Fruit dorsally
compressed style-bases globose, depressed calyx-teeth obsolete petals often perCarpels plane on the inner face
sistent.
lateral ridges hardly so wide as the
intermediate and dorsal, all obtuse, hollow epicarp rugose, but hardly plicate far-

Stem 1-6

in.

rows 1-vittate.
Var. Lindleyana bracteoles entire or slightly lobed, leaves often 2-pinnate ultiHymenolsena Lindleyana, Klotzsch in
mate segments oblong or obovate obtuse.
H. nana, Osten-Sacken Buprect Sert. Tianshan.
Beis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 150, t. 49.
Hymenolsena, sp. No. 9, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T. ? Aulacospermum simplex,
49.
Ost. $ Bup. 1. c. West Himalaya, alt. 13,000-16,000 ft.; Kashmir, Thomson.
Lahxjl Bev. H. Jaeschke. Distrib. Karakorum (Northern slope) Tianschan Mts.
Except as to the obtuse (not mucronate) ultimate segments of the leaflets, there
Of Aulacospermum simseems no difference between this and P. stellatum type.
plex, the authentic example has the fruit not half-ripe, the bracteoles are rather
;

smaller.
11. P. apiolens, C. B. Clarke-, leaves pinnate pinnae ^-1 in. ovate
often pinnatifid with 3-5-7 lobes, bracteoles 6-10 obovate caudate often toothed
near the apex, calyx-teeth obsolete, fruit - in. ellipsoid subquadrate. Hymenolaenasp. 10, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f 8f T.

C. B. Clarke.
Interior valleys of Sixxim, alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. J. D. H. ; Elwes
Stem 3-18 in. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong, mucronate-serrate. Bracts 4-5, f-l in.,
rays
obovate-lanceolate, toothed, sometimes slightly pinnatifid, rarely subentire
8-16, 1-2 in. ; pedicels many, scarcely \ in. in fruit, much shorter than the bracCarpels dorsally compressed; epicarp loose but not of open tissue; ridges
teoles.
;

narrowly winged, subequal; furrows

Smells of celery

face exactly plane.

Seed twice as broad as thick, inner

1-vittate.
(J.

D. H.).

P. Hookeri, C. B. Clarke ; leaves 2-3-pinnate ultimate pinnae

ovate or oblong toothed or pinnatifid, bracteole3 6-10 obovate-lanceolate
Hvmenolaena sp. 8, Herb. Ind.
subentire white-margined, calyx-teeth ovate.
Oreocome sp. 1, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $. T.
Ch\, H.f. 8f T.
12.

\-%

in.

10,000-16,000 ft. ; J. D. H.
Leaves 6-12 in., ovate, mucronate-serrate. Bracts 4-7, 1-1 in.
rays 4-8, 1-3 in. pedicels very
lanceolate, often toothed or pinnatifid at the apex
many, \-\ in., shorter than the bracteoles. Petals persistent. Fruit not ripe, but
will be nearly as in the var. Thomsoni.
Var. Thomsoni ; bracteoles narrowly lanceolate (not at all obovate) narrow and
narrowly white-margined often not prominent. West Tibet, alt. 14,000-16,000 ft.,
i in.,
Thomson; Shelshed Eiver, alt. 15,500 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom.Fruit
ridges thin, narrowly winged, lateral
ellipsoid epicarp loose but not of open tissue
a little broadest. Seed plane on the inner face or nearly so. United with P. Hookeri
byH. f. & T. in Herb, and it agrees with it as to the ovate calyx-teeth, but differs in
the much smaller bracteoles and the remote locality. It has been placed next Selinum
tenuifolium by H. f. & T. (mss.) and its bracts and bracteoles are hardly more prominent than in that species but P. Hookeri type must be placed in Pleurospermum,

Sixxim,

alt.

Stem 8-20

in.

which here touches Selinum.

vol. n.

zz

706

lxx. umbellifeile.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Pleurospermum.

13. P. densiflorum, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 916 leaves 3-4-pinnate ultimate segments very narrowly lanceolate or linear, bracteoles 5-8 elliptic entire
or somewhat pinnatifid at the apex, fruit - ^ in. with 5 subequal somewhat
broad ridges, seed distinctly grooved on the inner face. Hymenidium ? densi? H. suaveolens, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Walflorum, Lindl. in Royle III. 233.
;

detn. Bot. 148,

t.

48.

North-west Himalaya; Royle. Kashmir, alt. 11,000-14,000 ft., Levinge, G. B.

Gttrwhal, Falconer.
Stem 6-15 in. Leaves 3-4 in., ovate. Bracts 5-6, 1-2 in., oblong, tips usually
rays 5-12, 1-2 in. bracteoles prominently white-margined,
pinnatifid or pinnate
exceeding the umbellule, often entire obtuse with the green midrib subexcurrent.
Clarke.

Fruit ellipsoid subquadrate,

Calyx-teeth obsolete.
not of lax tissue; dorsal furrows 1-vittate,

nearly terete

epicarp thin,

commissure
4-vittate.
Carpels plane on the inner face.
Seed about twice as wide as thick.
Hardly distinguishable from P. Brunonis but by. the larger more winged fruit it is
doubtful to which of these species H. stiaveolens belongs, the drawing being made
from immature fruit: the leaves of P. Brunonis are usually more finely cut than as
lateral

loose,

2-vittate,

in Klotzsch's figure.

14. P.' Brunonis, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 916 leaves 3-4-pinnate ultimate
segments setaceous, bracteoles 5-8 elliptic or obovate often pinnatifid at the
apex, fruit - in., dorsal and intermediate ridges narrowest, seed exactly plane
on the inner face. Ligusticum Brunonis, Wail. Cat. 545. Hynienolsena Brunonis ; DC. Prodr. 245. Hymenidium Brunonis, Lindl. in Royle III. 233.
;

From Kashmir

to Nipal. alt. 9000-14,000 ft., frequent.

Closely resembling P. densiflorum except as to the smaller fruit.
Fruit ellipsoid
subquadrate, much dorsally compressed epicarp thin, loose, not of open tissue; furrows all 1-vittate, commissure 2-vittate carpels plane on the inner face. Seed 4-5
times as wide as thick. Bentham not having seen ripe fruit doubted the seed being
plane on the inner face as described by Lindley and upon which character he founded
the genus Hymenidium.
;

29.

Herbs, usually

ANGELICA,

Linn.

Leaves 1-2-3-pinnate, pinnae toothed, usually large.

bracts few, narrow, or
bracteoles small.
;
Fruit
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, white or lurid-purple.
ovoid or ellipsoid, dorsally compressed, commissure broad; lateral ridges
broadly winged, dorsal and intermediate not prominent carpels complanate,
broadly margined furrows 1-2-vittate; carpophore 2-partite. Seed much dorDjstrib. Spesally compressed, inner face plane concave or almost grooved.
cies 18 in the north-temperate and arctic regions, and New Zealand.
tall.

Umbels compound, rays many

A.

1.
g*lauca, JEdgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 53; leaves twice or thrice
3-partite or 2-pinnate, leaflets few 1-3 in. ovate serrate glaucous beneath.

From Kashmir

to Simla, alt. 8000-10,000 ft., Falconer, &c.

Glabrous, 4-12 ft. Bracts several, 1 in., linear; bracteoles many, \ in. Bays
Fruit ^ by
often 20-30, 1-3 in., equal
pedicels hardly half as long as the fruit.
| in., subquadrate; dorsal and intermediate ridges approximate, rounded, somewhat
corky; furrows 1-vittate; commissure 2-4-vittate; carpels plane on the inner face.
Seed less than
in. wide, but about twice as wide as thick; almost grooved on the
inner face.
;


Archangelica.']

;,;

lxx. UMBELLiFERiE.

30.

(C. B. Clarke.)

ABCKAN6ELICA,

707

Soffm.

Leaves 2-3-pinnate, ultimate pinnae toothed, usually-

Tall perennial herbs.

Umbels compound, rays many; bracts few, small, or 0; bracteoles

large.

many,

Calyx-teeth obsolete (in India).

Petals ovate, subwhite. Fruit ellipsoid, subquadrate, or oblong
commissure broad
carpels dorsally compressed, lateral ridges winged or acute, dorsal and intermediate narrower, distinct vittse many
carpophore 2-partite.
Seed dorsally
much compressed, inner face plane. Distrib. Species 5, in North Temperate
linear, or obsolete.

entire,

regions.

A.

1.
officinalis, Hoff. PI. Umb. Gen. i. 168; leaflets l-4 by f-2 in.,
bracteoles as long as the flowering umbellule, fruit \ in.
DC. Prodr. iv. 169.
A. decurrens, Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. ii. 21, t. 166. Angelica Archangelica, Linn.

Vau. himalaica; flowers twice as large, fruit ^ by \ in.

Kashmir; 8-13,000 ft., C. B. Clarke; Aitchieson. Jogi; alt. 11,000 ft., Thomson.
Sikkim; Lachen, alt. 10,000-11,000 ft., J. D.
Distbib. (of the type) North
Europe, Asia, and America.
Stem 5-10 ft. Leaves 1-3 ft., ovate, ultimate pinnae sessile, rarely decurrent,
terminal often 3-lobed. Bracts small; rays 10-30, ]-4 in.; pedicels very numerous, \~% in.
Lateral ridges usually winged pericarp somewhat corky, easily separating from the seed vittse numerous, small, on the inner surface of the pericarp.
The fruit of the Himalayan variety is much larger than that of any other Archangelica
preserved at Kew. It closely resembles the flowering example of A. decurrens, but
in Ledebour's figure of that species its fruit is no larger than in ordinary A. officinalis.

31.

FERULA, Linn.

Umbels compound.
Perennial herbs. Leaves 2-4-pinnatifid or 2-4-pinnate.
Flowers yellow, often polygamous. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals ovate, obtuse,
or emarginate. Fruit orbicular or ellipsoid, much compressed dorsally ; lateral
ridges winged, dorsal and intermediate filiform or obscure vittaa many or few
carpophore 2-partite. Seed much dorsally compressed, inner face plane.
Distrib. Species 60, in Europe, N. Africa, Central Asia.
;

The Indian

Ferula is difficult to separate from Peucedanum.

the section Narthex.

species all belong to

Segments of the leaves 1-4 in., oblong,

Sect. Narthex, Falconer (Gen.)
often pubescent.
Bracts 0, or small, deciduous bracteoles 0, or very small.
Dorsal furrows 1-vittate (rarely a small vitta added) lateral 1-2-vittate; commissure 2-14-vittate.
:

1. r. Narthex, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 994; secondary and tertiary pinnae
decurrent entire or very irregularlv crenate-serrate, ovary glabrous, fruit by \
Fluck. 8f Hanb.
in., vittaa manifest broad 1 (rarely 1-2) in the dorsal furrows.
Pharm. 280 Bentl. $ Trim. Med. PI. t. 126. Narthex Asafcetida, Falc. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 285 Bot. Mag. t. 5168 Balf. in Trans. R. Soc. Edmb.
xx. 366, tt. 21, 22.
;

Baltisthan
Stem 5-8 ft.

Astor, Falconer.
Leaves pubescent, at least

when young lower leaves 1-2 ft., ovate

which spring simple or scarcely compound umbels.
Vittat broad, usually occupying the whole
Terminal umbel large, compound, leafless.
furrow, and as long as the carpel; commissural usually 4, 2 slender sometimes added.

cauline sheaths large, from

708

lxx. UMBELLiFEiLE.

[Ferula.

(C. B. Clarke.)

This

is certainly not F. Asafoztida, Boiss. 1. c, which is Scorodosma fcetidum, Bunge

in Borcz. Fend. tt. 1, 2, with hairy ovary and many very minute (or 0) vittae.
Whether it is the F. Asa-foztida founded by Linnaeus on the figure in Kozmpf. Amotn.
That figure does not represent the numerous lateral
p. 536, is a disputed point.
subsimple umbels arising from the sheaths of the cauline leaves which characterise
this, but this character varies so in F. Jaeschkeana (No. 3) that it is impossible to rely
upon it. The fragments of Kaempfer's plant preserved in the British Museum do not
T. Thomsoni (No. 2) has the subsimple umbels of
suffice to determine the point.
Falconer's plant (in cultivation), and has also a divaricate corymb very like that

figured
2.

by Kaempfer.

P. Thomson!,

C.

B. Clarke

glabrous, tertiary pinnae 2

entire mostly petioluled, inflorescence as in F. Narthex.

Ind.

Or.H.f.fy

by

Dorema No.

subHerb.

in.

5,

T.

Kashmir; Banahal,

alt. 5000-6000 ft., Thomson.

Resembling F. Narthex, but with leaves cut into remote lanceolate subacute
leaflets.
Thomson's examples are in flower, but a fruiting corymb of this, or an allied
Ferula, from Kashmir at Nowgunge (alt. 8000 ft., C. B. Clarke), has umbels and
flowers as in the terminal umbel of F. Narthex pedicels %-j in., clavate at the apex
carpels i by ^ in., much compressed, elliptic narrowed at both ends, plane or almost
convex on the inuer face dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform, lateral narrowly
winged vittae 3-2 in the dorsal furrows, minute, as long as the carpel, and seeds

very

much compressed.

3. F. Jaeschkeana, Vatke Append, in Sem. Hort. Berol. 1876, 2;

secondary and tertiary pinnae decurrent regularly closely crenate, carpel
| by f in., vittae very large solitary in each furrow. F. foetidissima, Hegel 8t
Schmalh. in Gartenfl. 1878, 195-198, t. 944. Dorema sp. 3 and 4, Herb. Ind.

Or.Hf.8f

T.

Kashmir; alt. 6000-12,000 ft., plentiful; Falconer, Thomson, &c. Distrib.

Turkestan.
Stem, leaves, and inflorescence as in F. Narthex, except that the leaves are closely
crenate or doubly crenate or almost serrate.
As in F. Narthex, the fruiting corymb
often appears elongate subpaniculate, sometimes divaricate and corymbose peduncles
bearing nearly simple umbels also proceed from the large sheaths of the cauline
leaves.
Fruit much larger and thicker than in F. Narthex, vittae much the largest of
any Indian umbellifer the commissural often 2 only near the medial line, sometimes
6.
or
Kegel and Schmalh. think that this plant probably produces the Asafcetida
4
of commerce this may be so, as it is an abundant species in Kashmir, and very
largely supplied with oil but it is not the Asafcetida of Linnaeus, because Kaempfer's
figure has entire not crenate leaflets.
;

32.

PEUCEDANUM, Linn.

Perennial glabrous or pubescent herbs (the Indian species). Leaves 1-3pinnate or twice or thrice 3-partite, ultimate leaflets lanceolate or ovate, rarely
linear, toothed or entire.
Umbels compound, rays usually numerous bracts
various, bracteoles many few or 0.
Floioers often polygamous, white or yellow,
rarely pink. Calyx-teeth obsolete or small. Petals obovate, emarginate or 2-fid.
Ovary glabrous. Fruit much dorsally compressed, ellipsoid, oblong, or orbicular, carpels scarcely convex on the back, more or less acutely winged on the
margin, dorsal and marginal ridges little elevated or obsolete, lateral winged ;
dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 1- rarely 2-vittate.
Seed much dorsally compressed, inner face plane.
Distrib. Species 100, throughout nearly the whole
world, few tropical.
;

Peucedanum.]

lxx. umbelliferj:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

709

The species (formerly referred to Pastinaca) having the ovary and young fruit
hairy have been transferred by Mr. Bentham to Heracleum, whether the vittse are
abbreviated or not.
^

Ultimate segments of the leaves -1

1.

P. graveolens,

petals yellow, fruit by

broad as thick. P. Sowa,

in., linear.

Benth. in Gen. PI.

in.

i. 919; bracts
and bracteoles 0,
narrowly winged plano-convex 2-3 times as

Kurz in Joum. As. Soe. 1877, pt. ii. 116. Anethum

graveolens, Linn.-, DC. Prodr. iv. 186; Wall. Cat. 7210; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.
1026. A. Sowa, Roxb. Sort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 94; Fleming Cat. Ind.
Med. PI. 5; Wall. Cat. 595; DC. Prodr. iv. 186; W. & A. Prodr. 372;
Wight Ic. t. 572.

Throughout tropical and subtropical India; often cultivated.Distrtb. Cultivated in S. Europe and W. Asia.
Glabrous, 1-3 ft. Leaves 2-3-pinnate.
Pedicels many, in.
Styles small.
Dorsal and intermediate ridges distinct, slender vittse large, solitary in each furrow,
2 on the commissure.The fruits are as broad and as much winged in the Indian
P. Sowa as in the ordinary P. graveolens never subobsolete, as shown in Wight Ic.
In the European P. graveolens the carpels are plano-convex, and not so subt. 572.
pentagonal as depicted by Reichenbach, as Bentham has observed I. c.
;

** Ultimate segments
of the leaves -2 in., linear-oblong or ovate, entire or
remotely sparingly toothed ; bracts
or very small.

Dhana,

2. P.
Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7216 ; leaves twice or thrice 3-partite
or sub-2-pinnate leaflets 2 by \ in. sessile usually entire, carpels \ by in.

North-west India ; Sub-sewaliks up to 4500 ft. ; Edgeworth. Kumaon, in the

subtropical region Strachey ^ Winterbottom.
North Bengal Goruckpore, Hamilton Dinajpur, C. B. Clarke.
Glabrous, 6-24 in., subnude upwards.
Bracts 3-5, \ in., linear or linearlanceolate; rays 5-10, 1-2$ in.; bracteoles 4-8, in., linear; pedicels numerous
in.
Flowers
small, yellow.
Calyx-teeth obsolete.
Styles somewhat long.
Car5
pels greatly compressed, subquadrate, tip obtuse, often truncate or emarginate
dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform, subobscure, lateral with a wing as thick as
the seed; dorsal furrows 1-vittate lateral 2-vittate ; vittse nearly as long as the
carpel, commissural 6-4.
Var. Dalzellii leaflets shortly oblong or suborbicular. Pastinaca glauca, Dalz.
;

Kew Joum. iv. 293 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 107. Belgaum, Dalzell,
Jubbulpore, McLeod.
Chota Nagpore, C. B. Clarke. Leaflets usually
1 by |-| in., very unlike those of P. Dhana, but the plants in every other point agree.
There has been considerable confusion between Pastinaca glauca, Dalz. {Peucedanum,
sp. Benth.) and Peucedanum glaucum, Wall.
two widely different plants.

in Hook.
Ritchie.

*** Ultimate segments

of the leaves linear- or ovate-lanceolate serrate
or very small.

bracts

3. P. ramosissimum, Wall, Cat. 578; segments of the lower leaves

ovate-lanceolate of the upper narrow-lanceolate, pedicels in fruit -^ in., fruit
Palimbia ramosissima, DC. Prodr.
4 ^v 8"6 m> winged commissure evittate.
iv.

176.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4000-6000

ft.,

common.

Glabrous, 2-5 ft. Leaves 2-4-pinnate, much and acutely serrate. Bracts 0,
or 1-3, \'m.; rays 4-8, -l| in., divaricate; bracteoles 0-5, in., linear; pedicels
Carpels elliptic, narrowed at both
5-10. Calyx-teeth minute. Styles very short.
ends, entire or subemarginate at the apex dorsal and intermediate ridges obscure,
:

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. umbellifer^:.

710

wings of lateral as thick as the seed; furrows 1-vittate;

long as the carpel.

vittae

[Peucodanum.
nearly or quite as

segments of the lower leaves ovate4. P. sikkimense, C. B. Clarke

lanceolate of the upper narrow-lanceolate, pedicels in fruit -f in., fruit %- by
\ in. broadly winged deeply emarginate at both ends, commissure evittate.
;

Sikkim; alt. 3000-7000 ft., frequent; J. D. H., C. B. Clarke.

Kesembling P. ramosissimum closely except as to the fruit, which has a broader
wing the seed is not larger than in that plant, but the pedicels are usually longer
and more slender, and there are often no bracteoles.
;

5.

P. anamallayense,

rowly lanceolate, pedicels in

C.

fruit

B. Clarke; segments of the leaves very nar- in., fruit | in. orbicular commissure 6-4-

vittate.

Anamaixay Mts.

Wight, Beddome.
Kesembling P. ramosissimum, but the segments of the leaves narrower, the fruit
different.
Umbel as in P. ramosissimum bracts 0, or 1-4, -$ in., linear, sometimes
narrowly oblong, sub- serrate. Calyx-teeth small, lanceolate. Styles long. Dorsal
and intermediate ridges scarcely excurrent, lateral with a prominent wing as thick
;

as the seed; dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-1-vittate

as the carpel, commissural prominent.

vittae large usually as

long

P. ceylanicum, Gardn. MS. pedicels in fruit -1 in., fruit by

commissure 6-4-vittate. Palimbia ramosissima, Thwaites Enum. 1<U, not

6.
in.,

of DC.

Ceylon; Gardner; Galagama, Thwaites.

Kesembling P. anamallayense, and perhaps a variety of it, but the (unripe) fruits
are elliptic and less winged, the pedicels very much longer, and the calyx-teeth much
smaller.

Styles long.

7. P. glaucum, DC. Prodr. iv. 179; segments of the middle cauline

leaves narrow-lanceolate serrate of the upper linear entire, fruit ^ by in. trunSelinum glaucum, Wall. Cat. 580.
cate commissure 2-vittate.

Nipal; Wallich.
Glabrous 2-4 ft.

Segments of the cauline leaves 2 by in., entire in most of

Wallich's examples, serrate in the only fruiting one. Bracts 0; rays 1216, ^ 1^
in.; bracteoles 0, or minute; pedicels 8-16, - g- in.
Calyx-teeth obsolete.
Styles
subprominent. Fruit subquadrate, somewhat emarginate at both ends dorsal and
intermediate ridges obscure, lateral subprominently winged, the wing as thick as the
seed vittae solitary, nearly as long as the carpel.
Var. ? nagpurensis bracteoles 4-7 in. linear, fruit narrowed at the base,
margin thicker than the seed, commissure evittate. Chota Nagpore, alt. 1500-2000
Ramghur and Bagoda, C. B. Clarke ; Behar, at Monghyr, G. Lockwood. Lower
ft.
leaves twice 3-partite, leaflets 3 by \\ in., strongly serrate
upper with linear segments. Fruit truncate emarginate at the narrowed base. This may be a distinct
;

species.

****
8.

Ultimate segments of the leaves 1-2

P. grande,

rounded

lobes, fruit

in.,

serrate) bracts prominent.

B. Clarke; leaves 2-pinnate leaflets with 3 large

in. obovate obtuse. Pastinaca grandis, Dalz. 8? Gibs.
C.

Bomb. Fl. 107.

Bombay Ghauts
Glabrous, 3
faces, leaflets

Balzell.

Leaves mostly radical, long-petioled, ovate, shining on both sur1-3 in. Bracts oblong or obovate, obtuse rays 20, 2-3 in., stout
ft.

;;;

lxx. umbellifer^.

Peucedanum.~]

(0. B. Clarke.)

711

bracteoles oblong, obtuse; pedicels 10-16, - in. Petals yellow.

Ovary glabrous.
Fruit narrowed to the base and not there emarginate, nearly as broad as long:
dorsal and intermediate ridges triangular, small, obtuse, lateral narrowly winged
dorsal furrows 1-vittate, lateral 2-1-vittate; vittae nearly as long as the fruit or the
lateral abbreviated, commissural 4 abbreviated.
Seed much broader than thick.
Perhaps a Heracleum, but the ovary is glabrous.

***** Leaves 3-4r^nnnate, ultimate segments

in. ovate or lanceolate.
9.

P. Thomson!,

B. Clarke; quaternary pinnae

C.

pinnatifid, bracts hardlv any, stvles long.

H.f.

8f

Peucedanum

sp.

ovate deeply
Herb. hid. Or.

in.

5,

T.

Kashmib

alt. 5000-9000 ft.

Kishtwar and Banahal, Thomson.
Glabrous, or the leaves sometimes minutely hispidulous, 3-4 ft., stem subnude
6-8
leaves
in.,
Lower
broadly ovate, ultimate segments scarcely in.
upwards.
Umbels large, irregular, and often twice or thrice divided
linear-oblong, subobtuse.
Ovary
Calyx-teeth 0.
rays unequal; bracteoles hardly any; pedicels 8-12, \ in.
Fruit only half-ripe will be at least \ in. The very compound leaves
glabrous.
and irregular umbels easily distinguish this species. The genus is doubtful in the
absence of ripe fruit, but Dr. Thomson marked it Peucedanum, and it has all the
appearance of being so.
;

DOUBTFUL

SPECIES.

P.? skardicum, C.B. Clarke; glabrous, leaves twice 3-partite secondary pinnae
ovate or elliptic denticulate, bracts 0, bracteoles 4-7 \ in. lanceolate-linear scarious,
petals yellow. Baltisthan, near Skardo, alt. 12,000 ft., C. B. Clarke. Stem 3-4 ft.,
Pinna -1 in. diam., shining, yellowish green; nerves prominent,
corymbose.
Peduncles 5-8 in.; rays 10-12, l-2 in.,
flabellate and pinnate, hardly reticulate.
Petals obovate, emarginate. Disc
Calyx-teeth 0.
subequal; pedicels 12-20, in.
Fruit very immature, but about to be winged.
large ; styles short.

33.

HEXtAGiLEUBX,

Linn.

Herbs, biennial or perennial, never quite glabrous. Leaves 1-2-3-pinnate,

Umbels compound rays usually many
segments never minute nor filiform.
bracts few simple, or 0, rarely many foliaceous; bracteoles many, rarely
Calyx-teeth
divided. Flowers polygamous, often radiant, white or yellowish.
Petals obovate, emarginate or 2-fid.
obsolete, rarely small linear-lanceolate.
Ovary hairy or pubescent. Fruit orbicular obovate or elliptic, much dorsally
compressed dorsal and intermediate ridges small or 0, lateral usually winged
carpel or
or rarely acute vittae usually solitary in each valley, as long as the
comabbreviated and dilated below carpophore 2-partite. Seed much dorsally
and Asia
pressed, plano-convex. Distrib. Species 50; in Temperate Europe
1 in N. America, 1 in Abyssinia.
;

* Species of

Northern and North-Eastern India.

whitish; fruit when ripe greenish

t Not large, drying green, pubescence grey or
(Approaching Pastinaca in habit.)
or whitish.
1.

K. Thomson!,

fruit' elliptic

C.

- by -

Herb.Ind. Or. H. f.

Ladak and Pin;

Jaeschke. Kashmir

alt.

B. Clarke; lower leaves 2-pinnate, bracts small,

winged minutely pubescent. Pastinaca sp. i.,

in.

T.

11,000-15,000

Tilail, alt.

9000

ft.,

T. Thomson.
C. B. Clarke.

ft.,

Lahul

alt.

10,000

ft,,

712
12-20

in.,

[heracleum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxx. umbellifekj:.

grey puberulo-pube scent, naked upwards.

Leaves 6-10

in.,

Bracts 4-5, - in.; raysovate-lanceolate, ultimate segments ^-1 in. pinnatifid.

Ovary hairy.
4-10, 1-2 in; bracteoles 5-8, i in., ovate-lanceolate, white-margined.
Petals white. Fruit distinctly but not broadly winged, greenish-pubescent when
comripe, dorsal ridges hardly excurrent ; dorsal vittae extending nearly to the base
missural 2, near the medial line, half as long. H. tragoides, Benth. in Gen. PL i. 924
(Zozimia tragoides, Bows.), is very near this, but in it the lower leaves are pinnate
and lobed.
Var. glabrior
leaves nearly glabrous more acutely serrate. Pastinaca sp. 2,
North-west Himalaya and Kashmir alt. 9000-12,000 ft.,
Herb. Ind. Or. H. f.
Jacquemont, TJiomson.
;

pinnatum,

C. B. Clarke ; leaves pinnate pinnae ovate toothed or

Heracleum sp.
bracts small or 0, fruit ^-| in. obovate winged.
14, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

XX.

2.

pinnatifid,

Kashmir northwards

Kakakortjm,

to the

alt.

10,000-16,000

Thomson, C. B.

ft.;

Clarke.

White-pubescent, 1-3 ft., sparingly corymbose, little leafy upwards. Leaves 6-10
oblong; pinnae usually ^-1 in. sometimes 2-3 in., sessile, serrate. Bracts 0-4,
^-^ in., linear or oblong; rays 8-20, 1-3 in.; bracteoles 5-8, -- in., linear or
oblong; pedicels 10-30, in.
Fruit rather broadly
Petals white.
Ovary hairy.
winged, minutely pubescent, whitish; dorsal and intermediate ridges excurrent;
vittae broad extending the length of the carpel, a minute vitta added in the centre
of the wing commissural 2, near the medial line, often more than half as long as

the mericarp.
in.,

3.

ments

II. Jacquemontii, C. B. Clarke ; leaves pinnate or 3-partite, segovate, bracts 0, fruit orbicular in. winged.

North-west Himalaya?, Jacquemont.

with lax white hairs, 1 ft., nude upwards. Leaves ovate, segments
Rays 7, 1-2 in.; bracteoles 4-8, - in., linear pedicels 10-12,
|- in.
Fruit minutely pubescent, dorsal and intermediate ridges not excurrent, lateral excurrent in a continuous circular narrow wing; vittae nearly as long as the
carpel, commissural 4.
Very distinct by the small fruits.
Villous

^-f

in.,

serrate.

4. H. cachemiricum, C. B. Clarke lower leaves 2-pinnate pinnae narrowly oblong entire or remotely obtusely toothed, bracts small, fruit by
Peucedanum glaucum, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. 8f T., not of
| in. elliptic winged.
;

Wall.

Murree, Falconer Jamu, alt. 5000-6000 ft., Thomson Kashmir Nowgunge, alt.
8000 ft., C. B. Clarke.
Minutely pubescent, 2-3 ft., naked, sparingly corymbose upwards.
Leaves
6-12 in., ovate, secondary pinnae 1-3 by ^-| in., sessile, subobtuse. Bracts 2-4,
^-^ in., lanceolate; rays 6-10, 1-2 in.; bracteoles 5-8, in., lanceolate pedicels
8-20, - in. Fruit pubescent dorsal and intermediate ridges hardly excurrent, lateral forming a continuous narrow wing vittae broad nearly as long as the carpel,
commissural 2, near the medial line.
;

tt Large, drying brown fruit when ripe brown, often with a very thin wing.
;

5.

H. Wallichii, DC.

3-partite or pinnate, bracts

minent, fruit f by \
Wall. Cat. 574.

in.

Prodr. iv. 195 glabrescent upwards, upper leaves

1-2 small deciduous or 0, calyx-teeth linear proobovate, commissure evittate.
H. diversifolium,
;

Nipal; Wallich. Sikkim on Singaleleh, alt. 10,000 ft., C. B. Clarke.

Stem 3-4 ft., white-hirsute beneath the nodes. Leaves serrate, pilose above and
:

Heracleum.']

lxx. umbellifere.

(C. B. Clarke.)

713

on the nerves beneath. Bracts 1, in., linear; rays 6-8, l-2 in., glabrous bracteoles 0-5, f in., linear; pedicels 8-16,
|-f in. Fruit glabrous, brown, dorsal and
intermediate ridges not prominent, wing broad having a narrow median vitta
;

;.

about half as long as the fruit subelavate below.

elatior
more hairy upwards, bracts 4-6, rays 20-30 hairy. Nipal.
This may be a different species but contains only very immature fruit. The upper
leaves are lobed, not divided, more hairy than in the type, and the bracteoles are
much more prominent. Bentham (Gen. PL i. 922) referred H. diversifolium to
Peucedanum but is not now certain to -which of the many plants mixed under the
name H. diversifolium he referred. H. Wallichii is a typical Heracleum, with the
vittae hardly half as long as the mericarp.
rittae

Var.

K. nubig-enum,

C. B. Clarke; upper leaves 3-partite or pinnate

several deciduous, calyx obsolete, fruit \ in. orbicular
emarginate at both ends, commissure subevittate.
6.

glabrescent, bracts

Sikkim, alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. Chola Pass, J. D. H. Yakla Pass, C. B. Clarke.

Stem 3-5 ft., pubescent.
Tertiary pinnae 1-3 in., ovate, serrate, often lobed,
Bracts 4-12, ^ in., linear; rays 30-50, 2-6 in., pubescent;
slightly pubescent.
bracteoles 4-10, ^ in., linear; pedicels 15-30, -f in.
Fruit glabrous, brown; dorsal and intermediate ridges obtuse, little excurrent, much broader than the vittae
wing broad interrupted at the apex and base vittae nearly as long as the fruit,
commissural usually 0, or 1-2 very short near the apex, sometimes fragments of an
The fruit of this plant is much like that of Cortia,
interrupted vitta are seen.
Hookeri.
;

7. K. Brunonis, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 921 ; upper leaves pinnate oblong,

bracts 5-8 ^-1 in. lanceolate hirsute sometimes divided or foliaceou3, fruit
i-i t>y 6~i in elliptic. Tordylium ? Brunonis, Wall. Cat. 590. Tordyliopsis
Brunonis, DC. Prodr. iv. 199.
-

FromKuMAON;

Wallich; to Sikkim; alt. 10,000-13,500 ft.

pubescent. Cauline leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in. pinnae subsessiba, ovate,
lobed or pinnatifid, serrate, sparingly pubescent. Rays 4-8, 1-1 \ in. bracteoles 5-6,
i in., lanceolate pedicels 8-16, much shorter than the bracteoles. Flowers greenishwhite or purple {J. J). H.), outer often radiant, large. Calyx-teeth minute. Styles
Fruit glabrous, brown dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform, hardly excurlong.
rent wing prominent with a minute marginal vitta ; vittae or f the length of the
fruit, commissural 0, or 2 and short.

Stem 1-3

ft.,

pinnae of the upper leaves linear or

8. K. sublineare, C. B. Clarke
nearly linear, bracts small or 0, calyx-teeth linear, fruit \-\ by -| in. ellipPastinaca sp. 4, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $ T.
tic, commissure 2-vittate.
;

Sikkim, alt. 10,000-13,000 ft., J. D. H., &c.

Stem 2-4 ft., pubescent. Lower leaves 6 in., ovate, 2-pinnate pinnae lanceolate, serBracts
in.
rate, little pubescent, upper pinnate, pinnae often 4 by \ in., or 2 by \
in.,
1-3, in., linear, often 0; rays 4-8, 1-1^ in., hairy: bracteoles 2-5, *-J
Fruit glabrous,
linear ; pedicels 6-16, { in. Flowers white, outer often radiant, large.
broad, conbrown, dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform hardly excurrent wing
long as the
tinuous, with a minute marginal vitta dorsal vittae more than half as
nearly as long as
fruit, commissural 2, usually slender, close to the medial line,
the mericarp, rarely shorter or interrupted.
;

canescens, Lindl. in Boyle III. 232 ; stem and leaves softly

9.
by \ in. obohairy, upper leaves mostly pinnate, bracts small or 0, fruit \
H. hirsutum, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 57.
vate, commissure 2-vittate.

H.

H. cinereum,

Lindl. in Boyle

III.

232.

714

lxx. UMBELLiFERiE.

[Heracleum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

North-west Himalaya, alt. 6000-80,00 ft. Kishtwar and Banahal, Royle, ThomSimla, Lady Dalhousie, &c.
Stem 1-4 ft., subnude upwards, hirsute with white lax hairs at the apex of the
;

son

peduncles.
Leaves 3-12 in., 1-2-pinnate, oblong or ovate pinnae -3 in., ovate or
oblong, acute or obtuse, crenate-serrate or lobed, rhachis with lax white hair.
Bracts 1-4, \ in., linear or lanceolate, or 0; rays 6-16, 1-3 in.; bracteoles 4-8,
\ in., linear or linear-lanceolate pedicels 8-16, 0- in. Calyx-teeth linear, small.
Young ovary very hairy, rarely slightly pubescent. Dorsal and intermediate ridges
filiform; distinctly elevated; wing broad; dorsal vittse the length of the fruit,
not clavate below, commissural distinct, near the medial line, more than half as long
Easily separated from H. candicans by the indumentum. The leaves
as the carpel.
are most variable. No example exists at Kew of H. cinereum, but there appears no
reason why it should not belong here.
;

10. II. candicans, Wall. Cat. 573

leaves pinnatifid or pinnate, pinnae
obtusely lobed or pinnatifid tomentose or white-villous beneath, bracts small
or 0, fruit by \-^ in. obovate, commissure 2-vittate.
DC. Prodr. iv. 192.
;

From Kashmir

to Ktjmaon, alt. 6000-12,000 ft., common.

pubescent or closely villous. Pinna often 8 by 6 in., crenate-serrate,
thickly white-tomentose, or only slightly grey-pubescent.
Bracts 1-3, \-^ in.,
linear, or
rays 10-40, 1-4 in. bracteoles 4-8, \ in., linear; pedicels 8-16, '^-\ in.
Calyx-teeth linear.
Dorsal and intermediate ridges filiform slightly excurrent,
wing broad with a small distinct median vitta vittse in Wallich's example \ the
length of the fruit, in others (with less elongate-obovate fruits) the length com
missural in the type more than \ the length, or minute near the apex, or 0.

Stem 2-6

ft.,

11. H. obtusifolium. Wall. Cat. 577; upper leaves 3-fid or3-partite

lower 3-5-partite, pinnae round crenate white-tomentose beneath, bracts
2-5 \-\ in. deciduous. DC. Prodr. iv. 192.

Nipal; Wallich. Sikkim Lachen, alt. 12,000 ft,, J. D. H. Bhotan, Griffith.

Stem 1-3 ft., pubescent or villous. Pinna 1-4 in. diam., sometimes 2-3-lobed,
always rounded, scarcely serrate.
Rays 10-16, l-3 in.; bracteoles 4-8, |-g in.
pedicels 10-20 55 in.
Calyx-teeth linear, small.
Outer flowers of the umbel moderately or not at all radiant.
Fruit (ex DC.) obovate, commissure 4-vittate, dorsal
;

rittse linear,

extending f

its

length in the unripe

fruit.

12. H. nepalense, Don Prodr. 185; upper leaves acutely 3-lobed rarely
divided sparingly pubescent, lower pinnate, bracts
or inconspicuous, fruit
Wall. Cat. 576 DC. Prodr. iv.
by \ in. obovate, commissure 4-vittate.
;

192.

FromNiPAL

Bhotan,

to

alt.

5000-12,000

ft.

frequent.

sparingly pubescent. Pinna often 6 by 4 in., deeply lobed or pinBracts 3-5, ^ in., linear, sometimes
natifid, serrate.
rays 8-20, 1^-3 in.; bracCaJyx-teeih linear, small.
Outer
teoles 0-6, in., linear; pedicels 8-20, |^ in.
Dorsal and intermediate ridges hardly excurflowers of the umbel radiant or not.
rent; wing broad, with a prominent small marginal vitta; dorsal vittse f the
length of the fruit, commissural 4, the length in Wallich's examples, shorter in

Stem 2-5

ft,,

others.

Var. bivittata fruit \ in. elliptic or subobovate, commissure 2-vittate. Sikkim

and Bhotan, common, Uppermost leaves sometimes 3-partite, and middle cauline
leaves sub-2-pinnate.
A very doubtful plant, some specimens of which have been
referred to a variety of H. diversifolium with 2-vittate commissure, but the cutting
of the leaves is that of H. nepalense.
;

13.

1877,

3K.

pt.

ii.

barmanicum,
116

Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, pt.

lower leaves 1-2-pinnate hairy, bracts 5-8 f

in,

309, and
lanceolate,

ii.


Heracleum.]
fruit

lxx. umbellifeej:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

715

i by i in. obovate, furrows between the lateral and intermediate ridges

commissure 2-vittate. Heracleum sp. 5, Herb. Ind. Or. H.
$ T.

2-vittate,

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4000-6000

f.

ft.,

common.

Pegu,

alt.

2500-3000

ft.,

frequent,

Kurz.
Stem 2-4

ft., villous.
Upper leaves 3-fid or 3-partite, pinnae 1-3 in., cordate or
ovate-lanceolate, serrate.
Rays 6-12,
in.; bracteoles 5-iO, \- in.
Calyx-teeth
linear, small.
Petals white, of the outer flowers radiant or not. Dorsal and intermediate ridges elevated hardly exeurrent, vittae between them 1 rarely 2 ; wing broad

with a narrow marginal vitta

vittae in the furrows between the intermediate and

more than half the length of the mericarp, commissural
more than half as long, 2 fragmentary often added.
;

lateral ridges usually 1-3,

2, usually

** Species of Southern India and Ceylon.

K. Hookerianum, W. $

A. Prodr. 373 ; lower leaves undivided

3-lobed villous often woolly beneath, upper much reduced often
to mere sheaths, bracts not prominent, fruit \-% in. broadly elliptic scarcely
obovate obtuse at both ends. Pastinaca Hookeriana, Wight Ic. t. 1010.
14.

roundly

Nilghtri Mts.
Wight, Gardner, G. Thomson.
Stem 12-18 in. villous or pubescent, subnude upwards. Leaves 2-4 in. diam.,
sometimes peltate, often 3-lobed, lobes 2-3-fid, lobes rounded, crenate", not serrate.
Bracts 1-5, ^~ in., lanceolate or
rays 4-10, 1-3 in., hairy, unequal, sometimes
compound; bracteoles 0-8, 0-^ in., lanceolate or linear, very variable; pedicels
Calyx-teeth small, lanceolate.
Outer flowers of the umbel radiant or
4-10, in.
not.
Fruit obtuse, dorsal and intermediate ridges slender, hardly elevated; wing
broad, with a narrow marginal vitta vitlae solitary in the furrows, large, nearly
as long as the carpel, commissural 4-2, the 2 longer extending nearly to its base.
Distinguished from H. rigens, of which it may be a form, by the undivided leaves:
it appears uniformly smaller, more naked upwards, the fruits shining scarcely narrowed at the base.
;

lower leaves pinnate, pinnae 3-5 rarely 7

15. H. rig-ens, Wall. Cat. 575
orbicular villous beneath upper much reduced, bracts not prominent,' fruit
i by \ in. obovate-elliptic. DC. Prodr. iv. 191 ; W. $ A. Prodr. 373. ? H.
Pastinaca rigens, Wight Ic. t.
sprengelianum, Date. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 108.
;

1009.

Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula Heyne Bottler Nilghiris and near Courtallum, Wight. Oetlon, Walker, Thwaites (No. 145 partly).
Near H. Hookerianum, but usually larger (2-3 ft.) with larger umbels. Lower
Fruit nearly as
leaves 3-12 in.; pinnae 1-3 in. diam., obtuse, crenate not serrate.
in H. Hookerianum but dull reddish-' rown, often more elongate at the base, in
commissural vittae
which case the vittEe extend only the length of the carpel
;

2-6, usually

4.

lower leaves 2-pinnate, pinnae lobed crenate or crenate-serrate.

V^ab. Candolleana
Paftinaca Candolleana, W. $ A. Prodr. 372. P. ligusticifolia, Wight III. t. 116 W.
$ A. Prodr. 372. Mts. of the Deccan Peninsula plentiful.
;

3-partite
16. XE. aquiieglfolium, C. B. Clarke; glabrous, lower leaves
subelliptic,
or pinnate, pinnee large ovate 3-lobed, fruit \- in. orbicular or
Heracleum sp. 11, Herb. Ind. Or.
vittae in the lateral furrows usually 2-3.

H.f.SfT.
Concan; tropical region, Law, Stocks.
Stem 2-3 ft. Pinnae of the lower leaves 2-4

in.

diam., denticulate

upper leaves

Umbels often in a nearly naked

undivided, uppermost reduced to sheaths.
bracteoles
Bracts 3-5, - in -> lanceolate; rays 6-10, l-2 m. ;
raceme.

often

716

lxx. umbellifer^.

[Heracleum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Dorsal ridges distinct, shortly ex3-5, \ in., lanceolate or linear, sometimes obtuse.
current, wing broad with a minute marginal vitta dorsal vittae produced nearly to
Very near H. rigens var. ligusticifolium which has the
the base; commissural 6-8.
;

leaves sometimes nearly glabrous, but the leaves are less serrate, and the vittae are
usually 2-3 in the lateral furrows.

H.

17.
ceylanicum, Gardn. ms. ; lower leaves pinnate pinnae deeply
pinnatifid, lobes oblong hairy above villous- beneath, fruit as in H. rigens.
H.

Sprengelianum, Thwaites

Enum.

131, not of

W.

8f

A.

Ceylon; Walker, Gardner, Wight, Thwaites (No. 145 partly).

Pinna of the lower leaves 1-2 by - in., sharply closely serrate or crenate.
Outev flowers of the umbel somewhat radiant, with lanceolate acute calyx-teeth. Fruit
A., but altogether
T~h by J in., obovate, totally unlike that of H. Sprengelianum W.
that of H. rigens from which this differs only in the cutting of the leaves, which is uniform in the numerous examples.

&

lower leaves 1-2 pin18. H. Sprengelianum, W. 8f A. Prodr. 372

nate hairy, pinnse large ovate pinnatifid or lobed, fruit \-\ by - in. elliptic
narrowly winged. Pastinaca Sprengeliana, Wight Ic. 1. 1008.
;

Nilghiri Mts., Wight, Gardner.

Stem 2-4''ft. Lower leaves 8-16

ovate secondary pinnse often 4 by 3 in.,

Bracts usually 0; rays 6-16, 1-2^ in., nearly glabrous
lobed, crenate-serrate.
bracteoles 3-5, in., lanceolate, caducous pedicels 8-16, in fruit ^ in.
Calyx-teeth
Dorsal and intermediate ridges
obscure, in the radiant flowers small, ovate, obtuse.
obsolete wing less than -^ in. wide vittae often f the length of the carpel, or more
commissural 2-4. Easily distinguished from the foregoing species by the small
in.,

fruit.

19. B. concanense, Date, in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. ; 260

lower leaves
2-3-pinnate pubescent, fruit \-\ by -4 in. elliptic not winged, primary ridges
Date, ty Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 107.
obtuse equally prominent.
H. grandiflorum,
Date. 8f Gibs. I. c. 108.
;

Concan Hills
Stem 2-4

Balzell, &c.

more or

Tertiary pinnce of the lower leaves often

less hispid.
ovate, deeply 3-lobed. serrate ; upper leaves much reduced, uppermost often
Bracts 3-5, -|- in., oblong, obtuse, or 0; rays 5-10, 1-2 in.;
to sheaths.
bracteoles very variable, 5-7, lanceolate and longer than the umbellule, or small,
Calyx-teeth obscure, or small, oblong.
Outer flowers usually radiant, large.
linear.
Fruit exceedingly hard, much less dorsally compressed than in other species, ridges

1-2

ft.,

in.,

prominent;

vittae as

long as the carpel, those of the lateral furrows usually

2,

commis-

ridges (in the unripe fruit)

slender

sural 2-4.

Var.

Stocksii

dorsal and intermediate

Heracleum sp. 10, Herb. Ind.

lateral ridges ex current into a narrow very thin ring.
Concan ; Stocks. Fruit the same size as in H. concanense type, and
T.
Or. H. f.

&

This may be a new species for the wing of the unripe fruit
almost certainly dilate and will then be unlike that of H. concanense.
vittae the

20.

same.

K. pedatum,

frill

Wight. Ic. t. 342 j cauline leaves pedately 5-7-foliohairy sometimes again lobed deeply.

late, leaflets lanceolate serrate

Deccan; Shevagherry Hills, Wight. Belgaum; Law.

Stem 12 in., or more, remotely hirsute. Petioles 2-6 in.

leaflets

1-2 by -f

in.

linear-lanceolate; rays 5-6, 1-1 in.; bracteoles 0-5,

Outer flowers of the
^- in., lanceolate; pedicels 8-12, in., in young fruit.
umbel radiant ; calyx-teeth linear, prominent; style- bases large conical. Fruit very
immature in our specimen and in Wight's drawing. The large style-bases and pedate
leaves are not like Heracleum; the fruit promises to be like that of Schultzia.

Bracts usually

1,

in.,

Heracleum.']

lxx. umbelliferje.

(C. B. Clarke.)

K. Pinda,

717

Dcdz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 107 clothed with long weak

lower leaves bipinnate, pinnae cuneate coarsely toothed, vittse
2 in the lateral furrows, commissure 2-vittate.
21.

white

flat hairs,

Bombay; On Hursur and Hurry-chunder

Stem 1-1

hill forts, Dalzell.

branched. Leaves mostly radical, long-petioled. Bracts 1-3,

broad-ovate, acute, foliaceous
rays 6-8, unequal bracteoles 3, like the bracts.
Flowers white, exterior radiant. Not seen the foregoing copied from Dalzell, I.e.
ft., erect,

34.

ZOSZBKZA,

Hoffm.

perennial herb, pubescent or hirsute.

leaves 2-4-pinnate, segments
Umbels compound, rays numerous; bracts and bracteoles usually
many, small. Calyx-teeth linear, somewhat prominent. Petals obovate, emarginate, white or yellowish, often unequal sometimes radiant.
Fruit elliptic
or orbicular, dorsally compressed, complanate dorsal and intermediate ridges
filiform or obscure, lateral hyaline, with a thick corky obtuse wing
furrows
with solitary large vittse : carpophore 2-partite. Seed 4-6 times broader than
small.

thick.
1.

Z. absinthifolia, DC.

Z. orientalis,

Boiss.

I.

1037.

c.

Prodr.

195; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1037.

Z. radians, Boiss. 8f Hohen. in
Heracleum absinthifolium, Vent. Choix t. 7. H. tomentosum,

Hoffm. Gen. TJmb. 148,

iv.

t.

4.

Stnith, not of Dalz.

Distbib. BelooScinde Stocks. Punjab base of Suleiman Mts., Edgeworth.

chistan and Cabul to S.E. Europe.
Stem 1-3 ft., pubescent or hirsute. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong -lanceolate, pubescent,
Bracts and bracteoles
ultimate segments \-% in. narrowly lanceolate or linear.
variable, usually 5, - in., lanceolate; rays 6-16, 1-3 in., often stout; pedicels
8-20, - in. Fruit by \ in., elliptic or somewhat obovate, variable in size and
;

shape, pubescent

till

fully ripe.

34/

CORIANDRUM, Linn.

Umbels comLeaves decompound.

herb, annual, branched, glabrous.
pound, rays few; bracts 0, or small linear; bracteoles few, filiform. CalyxPetals obovate, emarginate, white or purteeth small, acute, often unequal.
Fruit subglobose ridges
plish, of the outer flowers unequal, often radiant.
not prominent, dorsal primary and adjacent secondary strongest, lateral primary
and secondary obscure; vittse obscure, solitary, under the secondary ridges;
carpels slightly concave on the inner face, commissure distinctly 2-vittate carpophore 2-partite. Seed convexo-concave, about thrice as broad as thick.
;

segments of the
1. C. sativum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 250; ultimate
lower leaves ovate or lanceolate of the upper linear. Itoxb. Hart. Beng. 21, Fl.
Ind. ii. 94; Wight III. t. 117, Jig. 9, Ic. t. 516; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 920.

Cuminum Oyminum,
Throughout India

Wall. Cat. 594.

cultivated.Distbib. Widely cultivated.

34.**

CUMINUM, Linn.
Leaves twice or thrice
Umbels compound, rays few; bracts

slender, annual herb, glabrous except the fruit.

ultimate segments filiform.

and bracteoles several, linear, rigid.
3-partite,

Calyx-teeth

small,

subulate,

unequal.

718

lxx. umbellifebje.

[Cuminum.

(C, B. Clarke.)

Fruit cylindric,
Petals oblong or obovate, emarginate, white, often unequal.
narrowed primary ridges filiform, distinct secondary usually hispidulous ;
carpophore 2-partite or 2-fid.
vittae large, solitary under each secondary ridge
tip

Seed somewhat dorsally compressed, convexo-concave.

1. C. Cyminum, Linn.-, DC. Prodr. iy. 201; Poxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl.
Ind.n. 92; Wall. Cat. 7213; Wight III. t. 117, Jig. 6; W. fy A. Prodr. 372

Boiss. Fl. Orient,

1080.

ii.

Punjab Plain, Deccan, &c,

cultivated.

35.

Distrib. Widely cultivated.

DAUCUS,

Linn.

Annual or biennial herbs, usually hispid. Leaves 2-4-pinnate, ultimate

Umbels compound, rays usually many; bracts
segments narrow or small.
generally very many, pinnate"; bracteoles many, 3-fid entire or 0.
Calyx-teeth
Petals obovate, emarginate, white, outer often radiant.
small, or obsolete.
Fruit elliptic, terete or somewhat dorsally compressed ridges all prominent,
;

or secondary only bristly, lateral primary little developed, lateral secondary

usually the widest almost in the plane of the commissure ; vittae solitary,
Seed ^-terete,
under the secondary ridges; carpophore undivided or 2-fid.
Distrib. Species 20, mostly Medidorsally subcompressed, inner face plane.
terranean and temperate Asiatic ; 2 N. American, 1 Australian.
all

1. D. Carota, Linn.-, DC. Prodr. iv. 211; hispid, leaves 2-3-pinnate,

pinnae pinnatifid segments narrow-lanceolate, outer rays connivent in fruit,
bristles of the secondarv ridges as broad as the fruit, of primary shorter or 0.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 90; Wall. Cat. 7214; W. $ A. Prodr. 374;
Wight III. t. 117, Jig. 7 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1076.

Kashmir and the Western Himalaya,

Distrib. Of the genus.

alt.

5000-9000

ft.;

cultivated elsewhere

in India.

Stem 1-4
jL in.

(in

the Himalaya often 6)

ft.

Bracteoles

many,

3-fid

and simple.

Fruit

on the secondary ridges glistening white, connate at the base only, of

carpophore undivided. The
the primary ridges small or sessile, subglochidiate
;

bristles

carrot.

36.

CAUCALIS,

Linn.

Annual herbs, scabrid or hispid. Leaves 2-4-pinnate. Umbels compound,

rays few (in Indian species) bracts 0, or linear, inconspicuous
bracteoles
Calyx-teeth small, acute, or
usually several, linear or oblong, membranous.
Petals obovate, emargiuate, white or purplish, outer often radiant.
obsolete.
Fruit elliptic or oblong, terete, subcompressed laterally, constricted at the commissure primary and secondary ridges prominent or not, with 1 or 3 rows of
vittae solitary, under the secondary ridges
carpophore
bristles or tubercles
undivided or 2-fid. Seed ^-terete, deeply grooved on the inner face. Distrib.
Species 18, principally in the temperate Old World.
;

Scop. Don Prodr. 183 bracts 1-5 -| in. linear,

secondary ridges equally bristly not prominent. C.
Don Prodr. 183. Tordylium Anthriscus, Linn. Torilis
Anthriscus, Gmel.; DC. Prodr. iv. 218; W. 8f A. Prodr. 374; Boiss. Fl.
Orient, ii. 1081.
T. japonica and elata, DC. Prodr. iv. 219, 220.
1.

C.

Anthriscus,

fruit in., primary and

elata, Wall. Cat. 564 ;

lxx. umbellifkr^i.

Gaucalis.]

Himalaya,

alt.

3000-9000

ft.

(C. B. Clarke.)

from Kashmir

71

to Sikkim,

frequent. Distbib. N.
Asia, Europe, N. Africa.
Adpressedly hispid; 1-2 (in the Himalaya 5) ft. Secondary pinna 1 in., pinnatifid half-way down into lanceolate acute lobes. Umbels long-peduncled, rays 5-12
bracteoles linear, not white-margined. Petals purplish or white, not radiant. Bristles
scattered over the whole surface of the fruit, rough, curved or almost hooked, not
glochidiate.
;

2. C. leptophylla, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 216; bracts 0, fruit - in.,

secondary ridges prominent, primary filiform minutely hispid, bristles in 1-3
rows: Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1084.

alt. 4000-6000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson. Punjab Falconer.

Distrib.
Asia, S. Europe, N. Africa.
Eesembling C. Anthriscus, but the leaves rather more finely cut, ultimate segments narrower, sometimes almost linear; fruit larger, bristles longer, shining,
Umbels often lateral, peduncle 1-2 in., stout;
scarcely scabrous, subglochidiate.
rays usually 2-5.

Kashmir,

W.

3. C. latifolia, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 205; bracts and bracteoles small
oblong white-membranous, fruit in., primary and secondary ridges equally
prominent and aculeate. Tordylium lati folium, Linn. Sp. PI. 345. Turgenia
latifolia, Hoffm.
DC. Prodr. iv. 218 Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1087.
;

Kashmir Falconer alt. 5000-8000 ft., frequent, C. B. Clarke.

Hispid, almost prickly, 4-24 in., rigid, erect or divaricate. Leaves 1-2-pinnate,
pinnae often 1-2 in., oblong, serrate or pinnatifid half-way to the midrib. Rays 3-4,
1-3 in. pedicels hardly \ as long as the fruit. Carpels with 7 subequally aculeate
ridges, the two lateral primary ridges within the commissure less prominent bristles
stout, rough, curved or nearly straight at the apex, hardly glochidiate.
;

PSA1MEMOGETON,

37.

Edgw.

small annual, pubescent or glabrous. Leaves 1-2-pinnate, pinnae laciUmbels compound; bracts and bracteoles many, small, lanceolate or
Petals obovate, emarginate, white or
Calyx-teeth obsolete.
linear, scarious.
Fruit small, ovoid
purplish, not or but slightly radiant in the outer flowers.
or lanceolate commissure slightly constricted; primary and secondary ridges
hairy, elevated, scarcely winged, secondary rather the more prominent vittse
Seed somewhat dorsally
solitary, under the secondary ridges carpophore 2-fid.
compressed, inner face plane or scarcely concave.
niate.

segments of the
1. P. biternatum, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 57
lower leaves ovate pinnatifid into narrow lobes of the upper narrowly cuneate
laciniate, hairs on the ridges white capitellate 1-seriate scattered longer than
the carpel is broad. P. crinitum, Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1078. PimpineDa crinitum, Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3rd ser. i. 131.
;

Punjab Plain, ascending the Himalaya

to 3000

ft.;

frequent.

Scinbe.Distrib.

Beloochistan, Cabul, Persia.

Stem 2-8 in., divaricately branched, pubescent or grey subtomentose, not villous.
narrowly lanPeduncles 1-3 in., stout, lateral and terminal. Bracts 3-8, \-$ in.,
in., lanceolate sheathing
ceolate or linear; rays 5-10, -1 in.; bracteoles 4-8, \
in., lanceolate, thinly
the young umbellule; pedicels 6-16, \ in. Fruit scarcely

hairy in the Indian plants

Var

? villosa

much

styles very long.

with patent soft hairs, ridges of the fruit with several
hairs. Scinde, Stocks a frequent form in Beloochistan

taller

dense rows of often brown


720

Very
and

P. brevisetum

[Psammogeton.

(0. B. Clarke.)

lxx. umbelliferj;.

and Cabul.

unlike the type, but there are intermediate forms. Probably

ii. 1079, are other varieties.

setifolium, Boiss. Fl. Orient,

DOUBTFUL UMBELLIFERJS.
Sison trinerve, Ham. in Don Prodr. 184 DC. Prodr. iv. 111.
Athamantha gigantea, Don Prodr. 184; DC. Prodr. iv. 156.
Athamantha teres, Don Prodr. 185 DC. Prodr. iv. 156.
Ligusticum ?nepaxense, Don Prodr. 125; DC. Prodr. iv. 159. '(An
;

l&na? DC.

Hymeno-

I.e.)

ARALIACEJE.

Order LXXI.

(By C. B. Clarke.)

Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs, sometimes scandent or scandent when

finally self-supporting, not rarely prickly.
Leaves alternate, the
rarely sub-opposite, long-petioled, large, simple or compound
stipules adnate to the petiole, sometimes inconspicuous or 0.
Flowers regular,
bracts
small, sometimes polygamous, in umbels racemes or panicled heads
and bracteoles small or conspicuous; pedicels continuous with the base of
the calyx or there jointed.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb* truncate,
obsolete or with small teeth.
Petals 5 rarely 6-7 or many, valvate or subimbricate, expanding or deciduous in a cap.
Stamens as many as and alternate
with the petals (very many in Tupidanthus), inserted round an epigynous^disc.
Ovary inferior, 2-celled, or cells as many as the stamens (in Arthrophyllum
1-celled)
styles as many as the cells, distinct or united
ovules solitary and
pendulous in each cell. Fruit coriaceous or drupaceous usually small, one or
more cells sometimes suppressed. Seed pendulous, albumen uniform or ruminated embryo minute, radicle next the hilum. Distrib. Species BiO, chiefly
tropical and subtropical, a few in the cool temperate zones.

youug and
uppermost

Sect.

I.

Aralieae.

Petals imbricated (but only lightly).

Styles 2-5, free.

Leaves compound
Styles 5, combined
Styles 4-3, free. Leaves pinnatifid

Sect. II.
*

Ovary

Panaceas.

1.

Aralia,

2.

Pentapanax.
Araledium.

3.

Albumen uniform.

Petals valvate.

2-celled.

Pedicels jointed. Leaves decompound

Pedicels continuous. Leaves digitate
**

Pedicels jointed.

Ovary

3.*Panax.
.

;"

4.

Acanthopanax.

5.

Helwingia.

6.

Pojltscias.

4r-10-celled.

t Umbels

sessile

on the back of the

leaf.

Leaves simple

tt Pedicels jointed.
Leaves once pinnate

ttt Pedicels continuous.

Leaves not pinnate.

Fruit angular the size of a pea

Fruit more than \ in. long
Flower sessile embraced by 4 bracteoles
Leaves simple (except the lowermost)

7.

Heptapleurum.

8.

Trevesia.
Brassaia.

9.

10.

Dendropanax.


Aralia.~]

lxxi. araliaceje.

Kedereae.

Sect. III.
*

Ovary

(C. B. Clarke.)

Petals valvate.

721

Albumen ruminated.

1-celled.

Leaves pinnate or undivided

**

Ovary

11.

Arthrophyllum.

12.

Heteropanax.

2-celled.

Pedicels continuous. Styles distinct

Pedicels continuous. Styles combined
Pedicels jointed.
Styles combined

...

13. Brassaiopsis.
14.

Macropanax.

15.

Hedera.

16.

Hederopsis.

17.

G-amblea.

*** Ovary 5-4^celled styles

;
combined.

t Leaves simple lobed or pinnate.

Pedicels continuous
Pedicels jointed

ft Leaves
Tree.

digitate.

Leaflets ciliate

Sect. IV.

Plerandreee.

Stamens 20-50.

Petals valvate.

Petals united, falling off in a cap

1.

18. Tttpidanthus.

AEALIA, Linn.

Herbs shrubs or small trees, glabrous hairy or prickly. Leaves alternate

or whorled, digitate pinnate or compound-pinnate leaflets serrate or nearly
entire; stipules not prominent.
Umbels solitary or in racemes or panicles
rarely in compound umbels; pedicels jointed close under the flower or not.
Flowers often polygamo-moncecious.
Calyx margin truncate or 5-toothed.
Petals 5, ovate, imbricate in bud.
Sta?nens 5.
Ovary 2-5-celled styles 2-5,
free or shortly connate at base (at least in the seed-producing flowers).
Fruit
4-5-celled 4-5-angular, or subglobose 2-3-celled. Albumen uniform.
Distrib.
Species 30 extending from India and Malaya to Japan and North America.
;

Sect. I. Ginseng".
Herbs 1-2 feet with a whorl of digitate leaves.
Styles 2-3.
Fruit red or red and black, shining, globose, subdidymous.

A. Pseudo-ginseng,

Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 936; leaflets lanceolate

on the upper surface. Panax Pseudo-ginseng,
Wall. PL As. Ear. t. 137, Cat 3730 C. A. Mey. in Gaug. Repert. Pharm. $
Chem. 1842, p. 525, with Jig. Seem. Rev. Heder. 99.
1.

with scattered

bristles especially

Nipal, Sikxim, and Bhotan,

5000

ft.;

H.f.

alt.

6000-12,000

ft.,

frequent.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

T.

Stem 6-15 in., erect, smooth, terRootstock horizontal, tuberous or tuberiferous.

minated by a whorl of leaves the scale at its base deciduous or persistent. Leaflets
5 rarely 3, 2-6 by |-1 in., acuminate often caudate, rounded or tapering at the base,
closely serrate or deeply doubly serrate, glabrous except the scattered bristles;
Peduncles shorter or longer than the
petiole 1-6 in., glabrous"; petiolules 0-1 in.
leaves, glabrous or nearly so, solitary or 2-4, simple or with 2-5 umbellate heads
pedicels -1 in., pubescent or puberulous; bracteoles in., narrow lanceolate-linear.
Flowers polygamo-moncecious styles in the male flowers sometimes united nearly to
their summit.
Fruit red, or half-black half-red.
Doubtfully separable from the true Ginseng of Japan, Panax Ginseng, C. A.
Mey. I.e. 524, which differs by having broader, more obovate, less bristly leaves, and
not by the characters relied on by C. A. Meyer. The Indian examples show every
3 A
vol. n.
;

lxxi. araliace^.

722

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Aralia*

form of rootstock and tuber attributed specially to P. Ginseng and to P. quinqueLinn.

the scale at the base of the stem is persistent even in some of

folius,

Wallich's specimens.

A. bipinnatifida,

2.

or bipinnatifid pilose above.

C.

B.

Clarke', leaflets pinnatifid the lobes serrate

Panax bipinnatifidum, Seem. Rev. Heder.

100.

ft.; J. D. H.
C. B. Clarke.
Pseudo-ginseng, and perhaps not distinct.
Leaflets
Rootstock horizontal, quite
petioluled or sessile, lanceolate acuminate or caudate.
like that of some examples of A. Pseudo-ginseng, and doubtless, like it, producer
tubers not rarely.

Sikkim Himalaya,

8500-11,500

alt.

Generally resembles

A.

Sect. II. Shrubs, erect or scandent, or small trees.

Fruit carpels 5-4, ridged on the back.

Leaves digitate.

Styles

(or 4).

3. A. cissifolia, Griff.; Seem. Rev. Heder. 91; leaflets 5 rarely 3

lanceolate narrowed at each end, a tuft of fulvous hairs or spines often at the
apex of the petiole, umbels simple. Araliad sp. 4, Herb. Ind. Or.,
f. fy T.

Temperate Himalaya

Kumaon, Sikkim, and Bhotan.

or erect small tree, branches with short strong deflexed prickles

Petioles 5 in., glabrous or pubescent,
often with scattered prickles; stipules large, ovate, often deciduous; leaflets 2-3 in.,
Peduncles 2-5 in., solitary,
lanceolate, acuminate, pilose above petiolule 0-^ in.
pubescent upwards, carrying each one many-flowered umbel bracteoles among the
Fruit glabrous.
pedicels few, linear, small.
Var. 1. normalis; a small tree, branchlets and leaves prickly, leaflets fulvouspubescent beneath doubly serrate, pedicels pubescent. Sikkim; alt. 9000-13,000 ft.,
Lachen, J. D. H. Bhotan Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2669).
Var. 2. scandens, Edgew. in Herb.; scandent (?) without spines, glabrous, leaflets
simply serrate. Kumaon alt. 9000 ft., Madhari Pass, Strachey Winterbottom.

shrub 10

ft.

which are sometimes clustered at the nodes.

;

Eu-Aralia. Erect lax shrubs.

Fruit carpels 5-4, ridged on the back.

Leaves 1-3-pinnate.

Sect. III.

(or 4).

Styles

A. cachemirica,

Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 72, t. 81; unarmed no

the points of division of the leaf-rachis, leaflets elliptic shortly
acuminate base often rounded minutely fulvo-pubescent on the nerves above.
Seem. Rev. Heder. 91 Brand. For. Fl. 248. A. macrophylla, Lindl. in Bot.
Reg. 1844, Misc. 73. Panax tripinnatum, Wall. Cat. 4934 ; G. Don Gen. Syst.
iii. 384.
P. decompositum, Wall. Cat. 4935 ; DC. Prod. iv. 255. Araliad sp.
43, Herb. Ind.. Or., H.f. $ T.
4.

leaflets at

Temperate Himalaya

from Sikkim, alt. 7000-8000 ft., to Kashmir, alt. 9000frequent.

lax shrub. 5-10 ft. Leaves 1-3-pinnate, ultimate pinna with 5-9 leaflets,
petiolules 0-\ in.; leaflets 3 by 1| in., often cordate at base, usually simply regularly serrate, pilose above, glabrous or hispid on the nerves beneathUmbels in
elongate panicles a foot long, but many smaller panicles occur bracts % in., few,
lanceolate, or sometimes leaf-like 1^ in.; panicle-branches and pedicels pubescent.
12,000

ft.;

A.

5.
raalabarica, Bedd Fl. Sylv. ii. 121, and Anal. Gen. t. 15;
aculeate, panicle-branches and pedicels glabrous or sparingly bristly, bracts
^ in. narrow lanceolate acute ciliate.

in

Western Ghats, from Malabar

Wynaad; Beddome.

to

Travancore

large shrub, nearly glabrous, with scattered

weak

common on
prickles

and

the Carcoor
bristles.

Ghat

Leaves


Aralia.]
2-3

lxxi. aealiacej;.

(C. B. Clarke.)

723

2-pinnate with a pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis petiolules 0- 1

3-5 by 1-1 f in., 5-9 to each pinna, simply or doubly serrate, ciliate*,
acuminate, narrowed ovate or cordate (Beddome) at the base, when young weakly
aculeate, when older nearly glabrous on both surfaces.
Umbels in a compound
spreading panicle, at least 8 in. Fruit slightly 10-ribbed (Beddome).
ft.,

in.

leaflets

6.

A. Thomsonii,

upwards fulvous
Or.,H.f.8rT.
Assam

Seem. Rev. Heder. 91; prickles short strong, stem

and woolly, pedicels i-f in.Araliad sp.
y 42, Herb. Ind.

villous

in the plains, Jenkins.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

2000-4000

ft.

H.

f.

&

T.\

C. B. Clarke.

A large prickly

shrub, all parts softly villous. Leaves large, 2-3 -pinnate, with a
pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis, petiolules 0- in.; leaflets 3-4 by l in.,
5-9 to each ultimate pinnule, elliptic, acuminate, base broad, sparingly often very
obscurely serrate. Panicles l ft., compound; bracts \ in., narrow-lanceolate.
Eesembles A. chinensis, Linn., and A. montana, Blume, but differs from both in its
It is much more hairy than the other Indian Aralias.
long-pedicelled flowers.
7. A. foliolosa, Seem. Rev. Heder. 91 > very prickly, leaflets glabrous
beneath or sparingly bristly on the nerves, bracts narrow-oblong somewhat

obtuse persistent, pedicels glabrous or nearly so.

Cat. 4928. -Araliad sp. 44, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f.
Sikjum,

alt.

5000

ft.,

J.D.H.; Bhotan,

Panax

(?) foliolosum, Wall.

T.

Khasia Mrs.,

Griffith.

Griffith

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2659); alt. 3000-4000 ft.; H.f. $ T.

large lax shrub, glabrous or nearly so ; prickles short strong spreading. Leaves
large, 2-3-pinnate, with a pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis ; petiolules
0-^ in.; leaflets 2-3 by \-l\ in., 5-9 to each ultimate pinnule, elliptic, acuminate,
usually rounded at the base, sparingly serrate, glabrous or minutely pilose above,
pilose on the nerves beneath. Panicle 1 ft., compound pedicels -f in.
Var. sikkimensis ; leaflets more slender more serrate, at their base are often

needle-like spines \-% in., panicle very large.

N. Gamble, C. B. Clarke.

Sikkim,

alt.

2000-5000

ft.

J.

D.

H,

A. armata,

Seem. Rev. Heder. 91; prickly, upper part of stem and

8.
petioles glabrous, leaflets pilose on both surfaces, upper part of panicle and
Kurz Far. Fl. i. 536. Panax
or caducous.
pedicels pubescent, bracts
armatum^ Wall. Cat. 4933 ; O. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 386. Araliad sp. 45, Herb.
Ind. Or., H.f.

T.

2000-6000 ft., frequent.

Tenassebim; Kurz. Tavoy; Wallich.
Sikkim,

alt.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

2000-4000

ft.

H.f.

T.

shrub. Leaves very large, usually 3-pinnate, with a pair of leaflets at each
division of the leaf-rachis petiolules in.; leaflets 4 by 2 in., 5-9 to each ultimate
pinnule, acuminate, round or cordate at the base, distinctly serrate. Panicle often
1^ ft., the lower part of the rachis glabrous pedicels -f in. Panax Finlaysonianum, Wall. Cat. 4933, from Turong Bay, Cochin China, hardly differs from this
except that the leaflets have soft brownish-red hairs on the lower surface instead of
;

bristly hairs.

2.

PENT A PANAX,

Seem.

Trees or large scandent shrubs. Leaves simply pinnate with 5-9 leaflets, or
Flowers
digitate with 3-5 leaflets glabrous leaflets entire crenate or serrate.
hermaphrodite or polygamous, in compound racemes or umbelled, pedicels
Calyx-teeth 5. Petals 5, imbricated in bud.
the flowers.
Jiointed close under
3 a 2
;

724

lxxi. araliace^e.

Stamens
free for

5.
Ovary 5more than half

(or 4-) celled styles 5-4, combined to the

Fruit 5-4-celled and angled.
their length.
;

Disteib. Species

uniform.

[Pentapanax.

(C. B. Clarke.)

5,

summit or
Albumen

confined to continental India.

Flowers in panicled racemes.

panicles unisexual elongate

1. P. racemosum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 21
oolong with racemes diverging from the rachis divaricately to its summit,
Araliad sp. 41,
stvles in the perfect flowers half- or more- free recurved.
;

Herb.Ind.

Or.,

Hf.fy

T.

6000-8000 ft.; H. f. $ T.; Gamble; C. B. Clarke.

(ex H. f. $ T.), or a large climber (ex Gamble).
Leaflets 4-9 by
2|-5 in., usually 5-7, elliptic, acuminate, often rounded or cordate at the base,
sinuate-denticulate petiolules often ^ \ in.
Panicles glabrous or villous, often 1 ft.
by 4-6 in., 3-9 clustered at the ends of the branchlets; branches 2-3 in., racemed, flowering from their base pedicels 0-|- in., with a minute linear bract at
their bases.
Styles in the male flowers combined nearly to their summit, in the perfect flowers 3-5, recurved free sometimes almost to the base.
Fruit (not ripe) small,
subglobose probably less angular, and elongate than that of P. Leschenaultii ; disc
Sikkim;

alt,

tree 60

ft.

not elongate-conical.

panicle ovate acuminate,

2. P. subcordatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 22
racemes ascending, rachis unbranched upwards, styles combined nearly to their
summits. Hedera subcordata, Wall. Cat. 4917 G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 394.
Araliad sp. 41, Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. fy T. partly.
;

alt. 4000-6000 ft.

Wallich, Griffith, &c, not r*re.
small tree. Leaflets 3|-4^ by 2 in., usually 3-5, elliptic, acuminate, often
rounded or cordate at the base, sinuate-crenate ; petiolules often in. Panicles
8 in., with 3-8 racemed branches ascending from its lower half; panicle-branches
2-4 in., glabrous racemed flowering from their base pedicels often \ in. (rarely
0-^ in.), with a minute linear bract at their bases. Flowers appear all perfect.
Fruit (nearly ripe) small, subglobose, obscurely 5-angled, disc not elongate-conical.

Khasia Mts.,

**

Flowers umbelled, umbels simply panicled.

3. P. parasiticum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 22 ; leaflets 5 lanceolate entire

glaucous beneath. Brand. For. Fl. 248. Hedera parasitica, Don Prodr. 188 ;
DC. Prodr. iv. 265. H. glauca, Wall. Cat. 4921 ; G. Don Gen. Sijst. iii. 394.
Aralia parasitica. Ham. MS.

Nipal; Hamilton. Kttmaon; Wallich, Boyle. Binsar, alt. 7,600 ft., Strachey $
Winterbottom.
Scandent, glabrous. Leaflets 2f by \\ in. (or smaller), scarcely acuminate, base
rounded or subacute ; petiolules 0- in. Panicles 3-4 in., simple with 2-8 umbels
Styles long, combined to near the top.
Fruit (not ripe)
pedicels ^-f in., glabrous.
small, subglobose, obscurely 5-angled disc not elongate-conical.
Vae. 1. khasiaha; pedicels and rachis of panicle pubescent. Khasia Mts.;
Myrung, alt. 5000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2680), Simons.
;

4. P. Leschenaultii, Seem. Rev. Heder. 22 partly; leaflets 3-5 ellipticacuminate bristle-serrate, fruit ovoid not very angular, disc" not elongateconical:
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. 15. Panax Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr.
P. micranthum, Wall. Cat. 4938 Excl. A.
iv. 254.
Hedera Leschenaultii
and H. trifoliata, W. $ A. Prodr. 377; Wight Ic. t. 307. Araliad sp. 39,
Herb.Ind. Or.,H.f.$ T.
:

alt. 6C00-1000 ft.; J. D. H.

Bubma, Taong-dong Wallich.

SncKiM,
tains.

South Deccan and Ceylon

in the

moun-


Pentapanax.~\

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. araliacejE.

725

30-50 ft., or scandent shrub. Leaflets 3 by 2\ in., 3 (or 5 in "Wight's No.

1204), base rounded or cordate; petiolules often - in. Panicles 3-6 in., with 3-6
pedicels |-| in., glabrous cr puberulo-pubescent.
Styles combined nearly to
their summits.
Fruit in. long and broad subcampanulate ribs not prominent.
The typical form of the fruit in the Nilgherries, accurately described and figured
heads

tree

by "Wight and Beddome,

differs

from the Himalayan, but the large

examples

series of

bridges over the gap completely.

Var. umbellatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 22 (sp.) fruit oblong strongly-ribbed, disc
often elongate-conical, pedicels glabrous or pubescent.
P. Leschenaultii, Seem. Rev.
Heder. 22, partly Brand. For. Fl. 248. Hedera fragrans, Don Prodr. 187, not of
Roxb. Panax bijugum, Wall. Cat. 4937 C. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 386, &c. Temperate
Himalaya from Kumaon to Bhotan, alt. 4000-10,000 ft.; common. Khasia Mts., alt.
3000-5000 ft. Resembles the type except in the fruit: the pedicels are either
glabrous, or more or less pubescent.
Seemann has marked as P. Leschenaultii
examples with pubescent pedicels.
;

3.

ASALXDZUK, Miq.

Leaves large, simply pinnatifid, glabrous. Panicles male or hermaphrodite,

males much larger and more compound; pedicels jointed close under the
flowers small.
flowers
Calyx-teeth. 5, triangular.
Petals 5, imbricate.
Stamens 5. Ovary 4-3-celled; styles 4^3, separate, linear-cylindric, stigmaFruit 1-seeded. Distrib. Species 2, Malayan.
tose on all sides.
;

1. A. pinnatifidum, Miq. Fl. Lnd. Bat. i. 763, t. 13; leaves 12-18

lobed nearly (sometimes quite) to the rachis, panicles upwards and flowers
tawny-pubescent.

in.

Maingay No. 676.

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2702)
Lobes of the leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in., oblong-lanceolate. Male panicles 15 by 12 in.,
compound, with innumerable minute pubescent flowers. Petals pubescent. Young
ovary with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell. Fruit (unripe) \ in. long. Maingay notes
"Drupes 1-seeded, cotyledons crumpled leafy." The albumen in the imperfectly ripe
The seeds of the closely allied A. dentatum are 1 in.
seeds seems much ruminated.

Malacca

long.

3.*

PANAX, Linn.

Leaves pinnate or digitate rarely undivided; leaflets

Umbels panicled (in Indian species), pedicels jointed close
entire or serrate.
under the flowers. Flowers often polygamous. Calyx-limb 5-toothed or nearly
Stamens 5. Ovary 2- (rarely 3-) celled styles 2
Petals 5, valvate.
entire.

Shrubs or

trees.

Fruit subcompressed or globose, 2- (rarely 3-) seeded,

(rarely 3), distinct.
carpels rounded on the back.Distrib. Species 25, Polynesian, Australian,
and Malayan, extending to Mantchuria and Tropical Africa.
1.

P. fruticosum,

Linn.;

DC.

leaflets lanceolate bristle-serrate, fruit

Prodr.

compressed

iv.

254;

laterally.

leaves tripinnate,
Blume Bijd. 880

Q
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. lnd. ii. 76; Wall. Cat. 4932; W. $ A -r od
J
lnd.
Wight Ic. t. 573 Kurz For. Fl. i. 537. Nothopanax fruticosum, Miq. 1.
33.
Bat. i. pt. i. ^5 Seem. Rev. Heder. 70. Rumph. Amb. iv. t.

^i

and PolyThroughout the warmer parts of India, cultivated.Distrib. Malaya

nesia, cultivated; wild state unknown.
.
,
a.
in size and orten
A shrub, 3-6 ft. Leaflets 2-3 by -$ in., but varying greatly
sometimes near y entire.
irregular in shape, usually much setose-serrate or incised,
Fruit ^ m. long and
in
Panicles 3-6 in.; bracts minute, deciduous; pedicels
.

"

in.

thick

styles persistent recurved.

726

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. ARALiACEiE.

4.

ACANTHOPANAX, Dene.

[Acanthopanax.

Planch.

8f

Shrubs or small trees, glabrous (or in non-Indian species tomentose). Leaves

Umbels panicled or subsolitary;
palmate or digitate (in Indian species).
Flowers polygamous or hermaphrodite.
pedicels not jointed under the flower.
Stamens 5-4. Ovary 2- (rarely
Calyx-teeth 5, small.
Petals 5-4, valvate.
3-4-) celled styles 2 at the apex of a conical disc, distinct or combined at the
Albumen uniform.
base.
Fruit laterally subcompressed or .subglobose.
Distrib. Species 6 Japan to Malaya, and E. Bengal.
;

A. aculeatum,

Seem. Rev. Heder. 86; glabrous, prickly, leaves digiattenuate at base toothed, umbels in small panicles or
A. sepium, Seem. Rev. Heder. 86. Panax aculesolitary, fruit compressed.
atum, Ait. Hort. Kew, v. 482 ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 634 Wall. Cat. 4926 ; DC.
Prodr. iv. 252. P. Loureirianum, DC. I. c. Plectronia chinensis, Lour. Fl.
Cochinch. 162.
Xanthoxylon trifoliatum, Linn. Sp. PL 1455. Araliad sp. 5,
Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. $ T.
1.

tate, leaflets

3-5

elliptic

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2665). Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft, frequent.
China, Japan.
shrub or small tree branches angular spines short, broad -based, stout, often
deflexed.
Leaves of 3-5 leaflets petiole 1-2 in., often bearing one or more prickles
leaflets 2 by f-1 in., subacute, denticulate or serrate, sometimes with a few stiff
bristles on the nerves beneath; petiolules usually distinct, -|--j- in.
Umbels often
solitary pedicels numerous, f-1 in.
Fruit | in. long and broad styles persistent,
recurved, united for half their length.
Seemann has marked some of the Kew
examples A. sepium, others A. aculeatum, between which no difference can be discovered, and his diagnosis of A. sepium applies to the examples he has marked A.
aculeatum. It is very doubtful whether Panax spinosum, Linn. f. (Acanthopanax,
Miq.), specifically differs
the leaflets in this seem quite sessile and the prickles are

Mishmee

Distrib.

less deflexed.

5.

XZEX.WXNGXA,

Glabrous under-shrubs.
late, bristle-serrate

Willd.

Leaves petioled, simple, lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-

stipules a tuft of linear bristles seen only at the base of

the young petioles.

Umbels unisexual, simple, very small, sessile about the
middle of the back of the leaf, or on phyllodes females 1-4-flowered males
with more flowers bracts 0, pedicels not jointed under the flower. Calyx;

margin obsolete. Petals 3-5, valvate. Stamens 3-5. Ovary 3-4-celled styles
3-4, combined at base, rising from a conical disc. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid,
usually 2-3-celled carpels rounded on the back.
Seed compressed albumen
uniform.
Distrib. Species 2, an Indian and a Japanese.
;

1.

H. himalaica, Hk.

f.

T. ms.-,

leaves lanceolate,

fruit

in.

ellipsoid.
alt. 7000-9000
5000-6500 ft., H.f. #
Stem woody, branched.

Sikkim,
alt.

ft.,

frequent.

East Himalaya

Griffith.

T.

Khasia Mts.,

Leaves 3 by 1 in., tapering at both ends petiole \-^ in.

Phyllodes when present spathulate-oblong, sessile, 1 ^ in., entire below bristle-serrate
near the apex, midrib strong, the wing membranous imperfectly herbaceous. Flowers
Fruit 1-3 on the leaf; pedicels hardly in. Seeds narrowly~o in- diam., greenish.
oblong, compressed, more than twice as long as broad.
This hardly differs from H.
rusciflora, Willd., which has elliptic (rather than lanceolate) leaves, the fruit shorter
subglobose, the seeds less than twice the length of their breadth.
;

Helmngia.~\

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. araliacEjE.

EXCLUDED

SPECIES.

Helwingia populifolia, Spreng. Pugillus

belong to the genus.

6.

727

ii.

from Bengal, does not

89, said to be

POLYSCIAS. Forst.

Glabrous trees or large shrubs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets coriaceous entire.

Umbels panicled (in Indian species); bracts in., lanceolate or 0; pedicels
Calyx-margin truncate or toothed. Petals 5-4 (in
jointed under the flower.
Indian species), valvate.
Ovary o^t-celled (in Indian species), summit flat
Fruit ellipsoid or globose, prominently ribbed. Seed
styles 5-4, distinct.
compressed
albumen uniform. Distrib. Species 8 E. African Islands, S.
India, and Malaya.
;

1. P. acuminata, Seem. Rev. Heeler. 56 ; leaflets 5-13 oblong much

acuminate, panicle narrowly oblong simple, branches short ending in an imBedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 213, excl. syn. Hedera acuminata, Wight
perfect umbel.
Thwaites Enum. 131, excl. syn. Eupteron acuminatum, Miq. Fl.
Ic. t. 1062
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 762.
;

5000 ft. Nelghibis Wight. Anamallays and Tinnevelly

Ceylon, Adams Peak, alt. 4000-5000 ft.
Thwaites.
A tree. Leaflets 5 by If in., attenuated at both ends, margin thickened, petiole
\ in. Panicle 8-10 by 1-3 in., branches stout, umbel at the end of each subcapitate
the pedicels not rising from the same point and being sometimes again divided so
that the panicle may be called compound, but the umbels altogether are not above
Ovary truncate, ellipsoid, soon becoming distinctly
1 in. diam.
bracts caducous.
Bipe fruit not seen. [The Andaman leaves distributed by Mr. Kurz as Euribbed.
pteron sp. nov. ? Andaman Rep. Suppl. B. 9 appear to be Arthrophylhim diversi-

Deccan Mts.,

<xHATS

alt.

Beddome.

folium, Bfume.~]
2. P. pinnata, Forst. Char. Gen. p. 64, t. 32 leaflets orbicular subentire
or with small remote teeth base cordate. DC. Prodr. iv. 257 Seem. Bev.
Heder. 56. Panax ? Ileyneanum, Wall. Cat. 4927 G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 385.
Nothopanax tricochleatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 340. Aralia latifolia,
W. $ A. Prodr. 376.
;

India? Wight No. 1213.

Distrib. Malaya, Polynesia.

This plant is noticed here because taken up in W. $ A. Prodr. and because Dr.
Seeman supposed it might be a new genus. Wight's Herbarium specimen is without
locality, there is therefore small probability that the plant is Indian.

7.

KEPTAFLEUBVM,

Gaertn.

trees, glabrous or tomentose, without prickles. Leaves digicompound-digitate or 1-foliolate leaflets coriaceous, entire or
remotely toothed or lobed, never closely serrate nor ciliate, those near the
panicle usually entire ; stipules often connate within the petiole and prominent.
Umbels (rarely capitate) panicled or in compound racemes ; bracts woolly, deciduous or persistent ; pedicels not jointed under the flower ; bracteoles few or
Calyx-margin toothed or truncate. Petals 5-6 or
0, or rarely densely tufted.
many, valvate. Stamens as many as the petals. Ovary cells as many as the
petals, disc small or large ; styles small, separate or combined in a short conical
narrow cylindric column. Fruit subglobose, 5-6-angled. Seeds compressed ;
albumen uniform. Distrib. Species 50, in the tropics of the old world.

Large shrubs or

tate

rarely


;;

728
Sfbgen.

I.

Agalma.

[Heptapleurum^

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. ARALIACE2E.

Stir/mas connate into a

narrow cylindric

style,

f Umbels perfect, pedicels not racemed.

1. H. impressum, C. B. Clarke; leaflets (from leaves near the panicle)
lanceolate nearly entire nerves impressed above stellately woolly beneath, petals
Agalma tonientosum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 25. Hesparingly stellate-woolly.
dera tomentosa, Ham. in Don Prodr. 187 ; Wall. Cat. 4922; DC. Prodr. iv.
264. Panax tomentosum, DC. Prodr. iv. 254. Araliad sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or.
H.f. 8f T.

6000-11,000 ft. from KiiMAONto Bhotan, frequent.

10 by 2 \ in., rugose above from the impressed
nerves, lanceolate or oblanceolate, acuminate petiolules rarely more than 1 in.
Panicle 12-15 in., stelleaflets from young trees often distantly lobed or serrate.
late-tomentose bracts very shortly ovate, somewhat persistent; pedicels - in.
Seeman has applied the name H. tomentosum to a different Malayan plant hence the
new name H. impressum.

Temperate Himalaya,

tree,

60

alt.

Leaflets often

ft.

2.

K. hypoleucum, Kurz

For. Fl. i. 539 leaflets with scattered lax

wool or glaucous beneath glabrous and not rugose above, petals covered

stellate

with dense

stellate wool.

Araliad

Khasia Mrs., alt. 4000-6000

Martaban, alt. 6000 ft. Kurz.

ft.

sp. 15,

Herb. Ind. Or.

frequent

Griffith,

H.

II. f. cj T.

f.

T.,

C. B.

Clarke..

small branched tree. Leaflets 4-8 by l-3 in., those even from leaves next
the panicle polymorphous, oblong or ovate, acute, quite entire or serrulate or lobed or
irregularly pinnatifid, the stellate wool beneath deciduous, leaving a glaucous surface
petiolules ^-3 in.
Panicle often 12-15 in., lower branches often elongate with several umbels, stellately woolly
bracts shortly ovate, somewhat persistent pedicels
^-f in. Closely allied to the preceding. From Mr. Kurz's description it would seem
that the rarer Khasian form with perfectly glabrous glaucous leaves, is the only
;

Burman

one.

3. K. elatum, C. B. Clarke
leaflets near the panicle nearly entireoblong lanceolate glabrous not rugose above, petals glabrous or sparingly stellate woolly.
Hedera elata, Ham. in Don Prodr. 187; DC. Prodr. iv. 264;.
Wall. Cat. 4914. Agalma elatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 25. Araliad sp. 6, Herb.
Ind. Or.f. 8f T.
;

Kumaon

to Bhotan, alt. 5000-7000 ft., not uncommon

Wallich, &c.
30-40 ft. Leaflets 4-7 by 1-2^ in., broadest below the middle, in young
1-2
trees but sparingly toothed or lobed; petiolules often
in.
Panicle 12-18 in.,
lower branches usually compound; bracts very short, ovate, auriculate; pedicels
in., glabrous pubescent or stellately woolly
buds usually glabrous.
^-f
Vak. Griffithii pedicels very woolly, young petals more pubescent. Heptapleurum glaucum, Kurz For. Fl. i. 538. Agalma Griffithii. Seem. Rev. Heder. 25.
Bhotan Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2698 and E. I. C. No. 2064). Burma Martaban, alt. 5000-7000 ft. Kurz Moolee Mt., Parish.
;

A tree

4. K. glaucum, C. B. Clarke (not of Kurz)

leaflets near the panicle
nearly entire glabrous obovate-lanceolate with impressed nerve* above, petals
with minute white stellate tomentum. Agalma glaucum, Seem. Rev. Heder.
25.Araliad sp. 14, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.
;

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4000-6000

ft.

H.f.

$ T

C.

B. Clarke.

East Bengal r
-

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2660).

small tree. Leaflets 6 by 2

Griffith

impressed above but

less

in., broadest above the middle, the tertiary nerves

deeply than in H. impressum, leaflets of young plants with

lxxi. aealiace^.

Heptapleurwm.']

(C. B. Clarke.)

remote serratures or shallow lobes petiolules 1 in. Panicle

nearly glabrous or more or less pubescent or stellately woolly.
;

rostratum,

729>

much

as in H.

datum,

leaflets glabrous lanceoBedel. Fl. Sylv. ii. p. 122

narrowed at both ends coriaceous, tertiary nerves obscure above,
Agalma
petals glabrous or nearly so.
Hedera rostrata, Wight Ic. t. 1013.
5.

XX.

late or elliptic

rostratum, Seem. Rev. Heeler. 25.

Nllghthis Wight Gardner, alt. 7000 ft. ; C. B. Clarke. (The Sikkim locality
given by Seeman is an error.)
A small branched tree. Leaflets 4| by 1^-2 in., entire or denticulate; petiolules
f-1 in. Panicle 8 in., branches often bearing one umbel each only bracts shortly
ovate, persistent
pedicels ^f in., glabrous or stellately pubescent, springing from
a dense tuft of permanent bracteoles.
Var. micrantha flowers and fruit smaller, pedicels and bracteoles glabrous.
Sisparah, Nilghiri Mts., Wight.
;

ft Pedicels usually racemed,

6.

rowed

K. racemosum,

Bedd. Fl. Sylv.

t.

214

leaflets

glabrous entire nar-

Hedera

at both ends, pedicels glabrous or often rusty stellately woolly.

racernosa,

Wight

Ic.

t.

1015

Thwaites

Enum.

Agalma racemosum, Seem..

132.

Rev. Heder. 24.

Anamaliay Mts. alt.

Canoor, alt. 6000 ft., Wight.
Ceylon, alt. 3000-5000 ft. Thwaites.
A large tree. Leaflets 6 by 2| in., elliptic or lanceolate, subobtuse or cuspidate,,
Panicle
coriaceous, tertiary nerves above obscure; petiolules often 1-1 ^ in.
6-12 in., the ends of the branches bracts and pedicels rusty pubescent while young
Nilghihis;

3000-5000

ft.

Gardner;
Beddcme.

bracts shortly ovate, persistent pedicels ^ in. Flowers at first often umbelled, theClosely allied to the preceding species some of
fruits usually distinctly racemed.
Thwaites' specimens are not racemed at all, even in fruit.
;

Subgen. II. Eu-Heptapleurum.

narrow cylindric column.

Styles short, not

connate into

* Leaves 1- (rarely 1-3-) foliolate.

7. H. einarg inatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 44; leaves cuneate-oblong
emarginate. panicles 1-2 in., umbels 2-5-flowered. Hedera emarginata, Moon
Thwaites Enum. 132.
Cat. PI. Ceylon
;

Ceylon, up to 4000

ft.
Walker, Thwaites.
glabrous shrub. Leaflets f-1 5- by f-f in., narrowed at the base, subsessile, broadest at the very summit and there distinctly emarginate or 2-lobed,
nervee on both surfaces raised. Pedicels \ in., spreading bracts or early fugacious.
Flowers very small, white tinged red ( Thwaites).
;

A climbing

** Leaves simply digitate

leaflets usually 5-7.

t Reticulating nerves prominent on the upper surface of the

leaflets.

K. venule- sum,

Seem. Rev. Heder. 44; leaflets oblong or ellipticacute usually oroadest below the middle. Brand. For. Fl. 249 Kurz For. FL
H. ellipticiun, Seem. Heder. 43. Paratropia venulosa, W. fy A. Prodr.
i. 538.
377; Wight III. t. 118. P. elliptica and macrantha, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. u
H. terebinthacea, Wall. Cat. 4920
756. Hedera venosa, Wall. Cat. 4923.
partly.
Aralia digitata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22, Fl. Ind. ii. 107. Sciadophyllum
ellipticum, Blume Bijd. 878; DC. Prodr. iv. 260. Rheede Hort. Mai. vii.
t. 28.
Araliad sp. 18, Hob. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.
8.


730

lxxi. araliacej:.

[Heptapleurum.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Throughout tropical and subtropical India, from the North-west Himalaya to

the South Deccan and Singapore. Distrib. Malaya and Tropical Australia.
A small glabrous tree or climbing shrub. Leaflets 4 by 2 in., glabrous, entire,
acuminate, base subacute or rounded petiolules 1 in. or larger.
Panicle small or
large; lateral branches sometimes 10 in., compound; bracts caducous, large, ovate,
hairy in the young panicle; branchlets and pedicels glabrous or pubescent; pedicels
^-\ in. Buds varying in size, and the disc after flowering is very prominent or not.
The panicle branches become more delicate and the buds smaller in Burma, where
the plant is exactly Paratropia elliptica, Miq. while at Malacca the form collected
by Dr. Maingay (No. 680) is P. micrantha, Miq.
Var. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4918 (sp.) leaflets 6-8 in. Amherst; Wallich.

H. stellatum,

Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 472, t. 178; leaflets obovate obSeem. Rev. Heder. 45. Hedera obovata, Wight Ic. t. 1011. H. Vahlii,
Thwaites Enum. 132. H. terebinthacea, Vahl Symb. iii. 42 ; DC. Prodr. iv.
265; Wall. Cat. 4&20 partly. Paratropia terebinthacea, Am. Pugill. 20.
9.

tuse.

South Deccan Peninsula near Coimbatore, Wight. Nilghiri Mts., Hohenacker

No. 1472. Ceylon, abundant up to 3000 ft. alt. Thwaites.
Altogether resembles H. venulosum except as to the obtuse obovate leaflets, and
may be merely a South Indian and Ceylon form of it.
;

10.

K. subulatum,

Seem. Rev. Heder. 42;

often 4-3

leaflets

rarely 5 oblong or elliptic acuminate, panicles linear.

Miq. in Ann. Must. Lugd. Bat. i. 22.

more

Paratropia subulata,

Pinang and Malacca ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2690); Maingay, No. 681.
Distrib. Sumatra.
Branchlets glabrous. Leaflets 5^ by 2 in., narrowed at both ends, glabrous or
rarely with scattered stellate woolly hairs beneath, entire or with a few teeth. Panicle
in flower 10 by 1 in., in fruit nearly 3 in. broad, when young with scattered white
stellate wool; bracts \ in., lanceolate, stellately white woolly, soon deciduous;
branches usually very short, sometimes 1 in. pedicels J- in,, always stellately tomentose when young. Fruit pentagonal, disc large, prominent. May this be a state
of H. heterophyllum?.

ft Leaves coriaceous,
11.

tei'tiary nerves

K. Wallichianum,

C.

not prominent above.

B. Clarice (not of Seemann)

pedicels

- in.

glabrous, buds in. broad. H. exaltatum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 44.

Paratropia
Wallichiana, W. fy A. Prodr. 377. Hedera exaltata, Thwaites Enum. 44. H.
Wallichiana, JDalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 108. -Araliad sp. 19, Herb. Ind. Or.

H.f.SfT.
Socth Deccan Peninsula; Kurg, Wight. Nilghiris, alt. 4000-6000 ft., near
Canoor, C. B. Clarke. Ceylon, alt. 4000-6000 ft.
Thwaites.
A large glabrous tree. Leaflets 5-10 by 2-4 in., oblong or elliptic, acute, rounded
at the base, very leathery. Panicle oblong, about 12 by 3 in. buds glabrous, unusually
Fruit crowned by the much enlarged pentagonal disc.
large.
;

H. khasianum,

C. B. Clarke
pedicels \ in. stellately tomentose
broad. H. Wallichianum, Seem. Rev. ^Heder. 44.
Araliad sp. 20, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. $ T.

12.

when young, buds

in.

Bhotan, Mishmee; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2694). Khasia Mts., alt. 30006000 ft. H. f. $T.; C. B. Clarke.
Leaflets attain 11 by 3 in., usually much smaller, narrow-oblong or lanceolate,
acuminate, glabrous, the base sometimes almost rounded, very coriaceous, entire petiolules often l in.
Panicle with white stellate tomentum on the branches pedicels
and backs of the petals, ofcen a foot long in fruit 1 jwer branches elongate, ascend;

Heptapleurum.']

lxxi. araliacej:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

731

compound; bracts \ in., oblong, acuminate, caducous; pedicels

Fruit globose, hardly pentagonal, disc depressed conical, not pentagonal.
ing,

in. in

fruit.

13. XX. Cephalotes, C. B. Clarke ; panicle pubescent, flowers sessile,

II. capitatum, Seem. Heder. 45 partly.
bracts deciduous.
Griffith (No. 2700 Kew Distrib.).
Apparently a large tree. Leaflets 14 by4| in., oblong-elliptic, acuminate, rounded
or little narrowed at the base, coriaceous, e*ntire, shining, glabrous above, with scattered loose woolly hairs that easily wear off beneath petiolules 3-4 in., stout. Panicle 1 5 in. with stellate pubescence from the base.
Heads of fruit globose, close
packed without bracteoles. Fruit much longer than broad, 5-8-ribbed, stellately
white-tomentose, crowned by the broad short cluster of styles disc enlarged, somewhat corky. Very unlike Paratropia capitata W. & A. (a Brassaia), with which,
regardless of geography, Dr. Seeman united it.

Malacca

*** Leaves twice digitate or digitately decompound.

14. XZ. heterophyllum, Seem. Rev. Heder. 42 ; leaves twice digitate,
panicle narrowly oblong or linear stellately white-pubescent.
Hedera heteroj^hylla, Wall. Cat. 4919 ; G. Don. Gen. Syst. iii. 394. Paratropia heterophylla,
Presl Bpimel. Bot. 250 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 761.

Pinang

Disteib. Java.
Wallich.
Leaves digitately 3-4-petioluled, each petiolule bearing
Branchlets glabrous.
3-4 rarely 5 leaflets leaflets 4-5 by 1-3 in., oblong or elliptic, acuminate, rounded
or somewhat acute at the base, glabrous, entire, membranous tertiary nerves prominent above, secondary petiolules much varying in length from | 1J in. at the same
cluster.
Panicle 8-12 by 1-3 in., branches slender, little compound bracts in.,
Flowers
ovate-oblong, stellately white tomentose, caducous or sometimes persistent.
small. Fruit pentagonal.
;

K. biternatum,

15.

twice pinnate with ternate

Malacca

C.

B. Clarke; leaves digitately decompound

each node of the rhachis.

or

leaflets at

Maingay No. 684.

small tree; trunk about 3 it. {Maingay). Leaflets 5 by f in., linear-oblong,
acuminate, unequal subacute at the base, entire, the reticulating nerves prominent on
both surfaces, with scattered stellate hairs (easily wearing off) beneath petiolules
0 lg in. Panicle 8 by 1^ in., branches hardly divided, with scattered stellate hairs
bracts deciduous pedicels less than \ in.
Flowers small, altogether of a Eu-Heptapleurum. May prove a form of H. heterophyllum.
;

DOUBTFUL

Hedera mollis

"Wall. Cat.

4924

SPECIES.

the example consists of leaves only

it

may be

Heptapleurum Cephalotes above.

8.

TREVESZA,

Vis.

Shrubs or small trees, prickly or unarmed, glabrous or stellate-hairy.

stiLeaves palmate or digitate petioles often united by a wing at their base
pules united within the petiole or obsolete. Flowers polygamous, large for the
Order umbels panicled pedicels not jointed under the flower; bracts small
Petals 8-12, valvate, somewhat
or 0.
Calyx-margin entire or toothed.
Stamens as many as the
thick, often cohering as a cap in the fertile flowers.
petals.
Ovary with as many cells as the petals styles united into a small boss
or short column. Fruit ovoid, large for the Order. Seeds compressed albumen uniform. Disteib. Species 8; inhabiting Eastern India, Malaya and
;

Polynesia.


732

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. araliacej:.

Hardly separable from Heptapleurum

usually more numerous carpels.

by the

larger flower

[Trevesia.

and

fruit,

and the

1. T. palmata, Vis. in Mem. Acad. Torino, ser. 2, iv. 262, with Jig. ;
leaves large palmate or digitate nearly glabrous, lobes serrate or again lobed,
Seem. Rev. Heder. 77 ;
petiolules connected at base by a serrate or lobed wing.
Kurz For. Fl. i. 539. Gastonia palmata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33, Fl. Ind. ii.
407; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 894. Gilibertia palmata, DC. Prodr. iv. 256.
Hedera ferruginea and palmata, Wall. Cat. 4909 and 4910 partly. Brassaiopsis
confluens, Seem. Rev. Hed. 18 (as to the leaves).
Araliad sp. 30 and 31, Herb.
Ind. Or. H.f. 8f T.

From Nipal and SmxiMto Pegu,

alt.

1000-5000

ft.,

frequent.

small tree 10-15 ft., the shoots with reddish hair and many prickles.
Leaves 1-2 ft., adult glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs on both surfaces
deeply palmate, in young plants often digitate petiole often prickly. Panicles 18 in.,
straggling, young with red-brown tomentum bracts 1 in., oblong, usually deciduous
pedicels 1-H in.
Buds exceeding \ in. diam. Fruit | by \ in., ovoid, glabrate, ribs
not prominent, crowned by the stout style.
Vae. 1. insignis, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 220 (sp.); leaves very large,
segments lobed or subpinnatifid. Khasia Mts.; Griffith No. 2664 (Kew Distrib.).
Vae. 2. cheirantha leaves palmate nearly glabrous, lobes serrate, petiolules when
present with entire wing. Hedera ? Aralia, Jack in Wall. Cat. 4925.
Chittagong,
Pinang and Malay Peninsula, Porter, Sir W. Norris;
alt. 0-1000 ft.; Hf. $ T.
Malacca, Griffith (No. 2661 Kew Distrib.). Distrib..
Wall. Cat. 4910 partly.
Philippines.
These are the examples (leaves only) referred in Gen. PL i. 943 to
T. sundaica, Eegel (G-artenfl. 1864, t. 438, not of Miquel).
In T. palmata the young
plants only, and only occasionally, produce digitate leaves and such are often only
imperfectly digitate, the central leaflets being frequently petioluled the lateral
There may be more than one species- of Trevesia here included,
leaflets continuous.
but no species can be founded on imperfectly digitate leaves. One sheet of Wall.
Cat. 4910, marked Hedera confluens, consists of the fruit of Brassaiopsis (probably
B. Hainla) mixed with leaves of Trevesia and constitutes the Brassaiojisis confluens,.
Seem. Kev. Heder. 18.
;

9.

Unarmed

BRASSAIA,

Endl.

glabrous trees.

Leaves digitate; leaflets large, leathery, entire;

Panicle stout, long, branches mostly undivided umbels contracted into heads each flower surrounded by 4 ovate
bracteoles, as long as the ovary and united below into a tube.
Calyx-margin
entire or nearly so. Petals 6-18, valvate, thick. Stamens as many as the petals.
Ovary cells as many as the petals styles very short, scarcely united as a short
cone.
Fruit obconic and ribbed below, hemispheric above. Seed compressed
albumen uniform. Distrib. Species 2, extending from the Deccan Peninsula
stipules united within the petiole.

to Northern Australia.

Separated from Heptapleurum Cephalotes by the floral bracteoles.

1. B. capitata, C. B. Clarke
bracts at the base of the panicle-branches
ovate short very persistent, petals and carpels 6-10. Heptapleurum capitatum,
Seem. Rev. Heder. 45 partly. Paratropia capitata, W. fy A. Prodr. 378.
;

Nilghebry Mts., Kotagherry and Vellyengry

Hill
Wight.
elliptic-oblong subacute, somewhat rounded at the base,
very coriaceous, entire petiolules 2 in., very stout. Panicle 16 by 3-4 in., branches
very stout. Doubtfully separable from B. actinophylla, Endl. (see Benth. Fl. Austral.
iii. 385) by its persistent bracts, less numerous flower-parts.
Wight's examples are
very good, but the species seems rare, as Col. Beddome has never met with it.
Leaflets 6-8, 6

by 2
;

in.,

;;

Dendropanax.]

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. aealiace^}.

10.

DENDROPANAX, Bene.

733

Planch.

8?

Trees or shrubs, glabrous, unarmed. Leaves simple, entire, on young shoots

polymorphous, palmately 3-5-lobed stipules small, scarcely united within the
Umbels solitary or in small panicles bracts small or
petiole.
pedicels not
jointed under the flower.
Calyx-margin entire or 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate,
somewhat thick. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled styles united into a column at
the base, their summits (in the Indian species) spreading. Fruit globose or
ellipsoid, distinctly or obscurely 5-ribbed.
Seeds compressed albumen uniform.
Distkib. Species 20, mostly tropical American four species in China, Japan,
and E. India.
;

D. japonicum,

Seem. Rev. Heder. 27 ; leaves densely glandular,

longer than broad distinctly ribbed. Hedera japonica,
Jungh. in Walp. Rep. ii. 431 (ex Seem.). Araliad sp. 34, Herb. Ind. Or.
1.

fruit ellipsoid

much

H.f.SfT.
Khasia Mts

alt. 4000-5000 ft.; H. f.$ T.; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2681,
Distrib. Japan.
Appears to be an erect shrub or very small tree. Leaves (those near the umbels)
4 by 2-3 in., oblong or elliptic, acute, entire, 1-3-5-nerved from the base petiole
5-2 in. polymorphous leaves on young shoots sometimes 8 in. diam., deeply 3-5palmated ; segments narrowly lanceolate, often remotely and minutely toothed
Umbels solitary or 2-3, panicled pedicels ^ in. Fruit f by | in.,
petiole 6-8 in.
somewhat pentagonal.

2679).

2. D. parviflorum, JSenth. Fl. Hongk. 137; leaves not densely glandular usually 3-nerved at the base oblong or elliptic acute, fruits subglobose
obscurely ribbed. Seem. Rev. Heder. 27. Hedera parviflora, Champ, in Hook.
Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 122.

Mount Ophir, Malacca Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2685) Maingay, No. 682.
Distbib. Hongkong.
Apparently an erect shrub. Leaves 3^ by 2\ in., entire or very obscurely toothed,
glands not visible on the young leaves even; petiole |-1^ in.
Umbels mostly
Fruit \ in. diam.
solitary ; pedicels in.
The branchlets from Mount Ophir have
all entire leaves as they carry umbels
the Hongkong young shoots have polymorphous palmate leaves. D.proteum, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 136, has the upper leaves very
narrowly lanceolar, mostly 1 -nerved from the base, but is perhaps only a variety of
the present species.
;

11.

ARTKROPHYLLUM, Plume.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so, lower

Shrubs or small trees, unarmed.
usually alternate and compoundly pinnate, uppermost opposite and simple,
intermediate 3-foliolate
leaflets easily separable from the rhachis
stipules
united within the petiole. Peduncles mostly forming a terminal umbel, each
ending in a simple (or slightly compound) umbel of flowers ; bracts very small
Calyx-teeth 5, small.
Petals 5, valvate.
pedicels not jointed under the flower.
Stamens 5.
Ovary 1-celled 1-ovuled style short, simple. Fruit (in the
Indian species) ovoid, not angular. Seed subglobose albumen ruminated.
Distkib. Species 3, Malayan.
;

1.

all

A. diversirolium, Plume

simple,

leaflets

Bijd. 879; leaves near the umbels usually

subobtuse or shortly acuminate. DC. Prodr. iv. 2Q6 ;


734

lxxi. ARALIACE2E.

(C. B. Clarke.)

; ;

[Arthrophyllum.

i. pt. i. 767.
A. javanicum, Blume Bijd. 879; DC. I.e.;
Fl. i. 540.
A. ellipticum, Blume and DC. II. c. A. Blmneanum^
Mor. Verz. 41 ; Miq. 1. c. i. 768. A. ovalifolium, Jungh. 8f Be Vriese in

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Kurz For.
Zoll. 8f

Miq.

14.

I.e. t.

Cat. 4931.
Cat. 4911.

Panax polycarpum, Wall.

Cat. 4930.

P. Jackianum, Wall.
? ovata, Wall.

Hedera Jackiana, G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 394. H.

Eupteron sp. no v. Kurz Andean. Rep. Suppl. B 9.

South Andaman, Kurz. Pinang, Phillips. Malacca, Griffith, &c. Disteib.

Throughout Malaya.
Lower leaves a yard across, decompound-pinnate, with pairs of opposite leaflets at
the divisions of the main rhachis, upper smaller simply pinnate, uppermost 1-3-folioleaflets 3 by l in., oblong or elliptic, glabrous, entire, reticulations distinct
late
;

Peduncles 2 in., stout, many in the umbel, with very small acute
scattered bracts or naked pedicels \ in., quite glabrous even when young, or with
more or less rusty stellate wool. Fruit \ by - in.
petiolule 0-g in.

2.
. pinnatum, C. B. Clarke ; uppermost leaves usually 3-foliolate or
pinnate, leaflets much acuminate often obtusely.
Panax pinnatum, Lamk.
Diet. ii. 715; DC. Prodr. iv. 254; Wall. Cat. 9057.
P. secimda, Schultz Syst.
Nothopanax ? pinnatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 766. Humph.
vi. 215.
Amb. iv. t. 32.

Pinang Wallich, Maingay, No. 679. Malay Peninsula, Griffith, Maingay, No.
677- Distrir. Malay Islands.
Leaves pinnate and 2- pinnate, leaflets sometimes ternate uppermost often pinnate
;

with 5-17 leaflets, but sometimes with only 3-1 leaflets; leaflets varying greatly in
size on the same branchlet, much narrowed to both ends, reticulations obscure,
glabrous, entire petiolule 0-^ in. Peduncles usually much fewer than in A. diversifolium and evidently only pseudo-terminal pedicels glabrous or with rusty stellate
wool. Flowers yellow (Maingay) and fruits nearly as in A. diversifolium. The fruits
are said by Miquel to be sometimes 2-seeded, but all the Kew examples are 1-seeded.
Both Kumphius and Maingay note two forms of this plant, which are, however, con;

nected by a series of intermediates

Var.

latifolia,

Humph

I.e.; leaflets

few 4 by \\

A. pinnatum, Maingay MS.,

in.

No. 679.

Var. angustifolia,,
gay MS., No. 677.

Kumph

12.

A small

unarmed

I.e.; leaflets

many \\ by ^

HETEROPANAX,

A. alternifolium, Main-

in.

Seem.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so, very large, pinnately

Panicles large umbels racemed, more
or less stellate-hairy bracts small, ovate, obtuse, persistent; pedicels not jointed
under the flower. Flowers polygamous, the terminal umbel of each paniclebranch usually alone fruiting. Calyx-margin nearly entire. Petals 5, valvate.
Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled styles 2, distinct from the base, spreading. Fruit
much laterally compressed, 2-seeded. Seeds compressed ; albumen ruminated.
Distkib. Species 1 or 2 ; Western Himalaya, Java, China.

decompound

tree.

stipules not prominent.

1. XI. fragrans, Seem. Rev. Heder. 73

leaves often a yard across with
pairs of opposite leaflets at the nodes of the rhachis.
Brand. For. Fl. 249
Kurz For. Fl. i. 541. Panax fragrans, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 76
;

Wall. Cat. 4929 : DC. Prodr.

Ind. Or.H.f.fy T.

iv.

254, excl. syn. of

From the Sewalik Hills to Burma,

Distrib. Java, China.

alt.

Don. Araliad

0-4000

ft.;

common

sp. 47,

in

Herb.

Bengal.


lxxt. ARALiACEiE.

Heteropanax.}

;;

(C. B. Clarke.)

735

Leaflets 3^ by If in., elliptic, shortly acuminate, little narrowed at the base,

glabrous, entire, nerves not very prominent; petiolules 0- in. Panicle often 12-16
in., branches 48 in.; umbels dense subcapitate in flower; pedicels in fruit elongating
Fruit by ^ in. and ^ in. thick, ultimately glabrous and often
to j in. and more.

glaucous.

Vae.
Var.

typica

leaflets elliptic shortly

subcordata;

2.

leaflets

ovate

acuminate, base slightly narrowed.

acuminate, base rounded or even

shortly

cordate.

Vab. 3. attenuata; leaflets 4 by l\ in., attenuate acuminate, much narrowed at

Bengal Plain. China. This may be a distinct species.

base.

13.

BRASSAIOPSIS,

Bene.

8f

Planch.

Large shrubs or trees, glabrous or tomentose, armed or not. Leaves digitate

or palmate or angled; stipules connate within the petiole, not prominent.
Umbels in large compound panicles, young parts at least stellately tomentose
bracts not large, often persistent ; pedicels rising from a dense cluster of persistent bracteoles, not jointed under the flower; flowers often polygamous.
Ovary 2-celled; styles 2,
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5.
united, long or short. Fruit broadly globose or turbinate, 2- or by abortion
1-seeded. Seed not compressed; albumen ruminated.
Distrib. Species 10,
from Nipal to Java.
*

Leaves undivided.

1.

B. simplicifolia,

C.

B.

Clarke)

upper leaves simple lanceolate

serrate, adult glabrous.

Mishmee; Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2699).

Branchlets prickly, glabrous or with a little hard close tomentum. Leaves near
the panicle alone seen (the lower may be divided) 9 by 3 in., acute, subacute at the
base, sharply serrated, membranous, nerves much elevated; petiole 1J in. stipules
not prominent. Young panicle 5 in., nearly glabrous, branches slightly compound
bracts \ in., lanceolate pedicels \ in. with scattered stellate hairs, rising from a
dense tuft of bracteoles. Marked by Seemann as new genus, with a note that the
They are, however, valvate, and it is clearly a Brassaiopsis.
petals are imbricate.
;

B. Kainla,

Seem. Rev. Heder. 18, partly, leaves divided less than

into triangular cuspidate segments, fruit broadly orbicular.
Brassaiopsis confluens, Seem. Rev. Hed. 18 (as to the fruit). Hedera Hainla,
Ham. in Don Pi'odr. 187 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 253. Panax curcifolia, Griff. Ltin.
2.

half-way

Notes,

down

145.Araliad

sp. 28,

Temperate Himalaya,

alt.

Herb.

Incl.

3000-6000

Or.
ft.,

H.f. $

T.

from Nipax to Bhotan

Griffith

(Kew

Distrib. No. 2668); J. B. H.- C. B. Clarke.

small tree, the ends of the branches prickly, young parts stellately tomentose.
Leaves 4-9 in. diam., truncate or cordate at the base, subspinose-toothed, finally
glabrous above and nearly so beneath the hispidulous or stellate hairs distantly
scattered.
Bracts to the panicle- branches ovate, short, densely stellate-tomentose,
persistent.
Buds densely stellate-tomentose. Pedicels |-| in., rising from a dense
cluster of bracteoles | in. oblong and very tomentose.
Fruit \ by \ in., globose, subdidymous. Style \ in. on the fruit.

B. palm at a,

Kurz For. Fl. i. 537 ; leaves palmate divided about halfinto oblong acute segments, fruit ellipsoid or turbinate, longer than
broad. Panax palmatum, Roxb Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. ii. 74. Araliopsis
andamanica, Kurz in Andaman Rep. App. B. 9. Hedera polvacantha. Wall.
PI. As. Rar. t. 190. Araliad sp. 33, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.
3.

way down

;
;

736

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. araliacej:.

Nipal Wallich.
Sikkim Terai
and Burma. Chittagong Roxburgh,
South Andaman Kurz.
2663).

J.

D. H.

J. D.

H.

[Brassaiopsis.

Subtropical zone of East

Burma

Griffith

(Kew

Bengal

Distrib. No.

Pedicels springing from a dense

Closely resembles B. Hainla sparingly prickly.
Fruit often 1-seeded, when
cluster of bracteoles | in., oblong and very tomentose.
2 -seeded it is by f in., turbinate-ellipsoid. Style on the fruit | in. or rather more.
Wallich's plate belongs to this plant, as he mentions the fruit as turbinate (as
also does Roxburgh). Aralia palmata, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 187, doubtfully referred
here by Seeman, is an Acanthopanax.
;

leaves cordate-ovate acute or slightly 3-54. B. alpina, C. B. Clarke

ouspidate densely stellate-tomentose, bracts to the panicle-branches lanceolate.
Araliad sp. 27, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. T.
;

10,000-11,000 ft.; Tonglo and Lachen, J. D.

30 ft.; young branches densely villous and tomentose with
yellow or brown stellate hair. Leaves 4-5 in. and nearly as wide, softly serrate,
membranous, thickly tomentose on both surfaces when young, when older the
Panicle (very
scattered stellate hairs- wear off, but much remains on both surfaces.
young) densely tomentose buds completely enclosed in thick stellate wool bracts at
the base of the panicle-branches |- in., very narrow. Can this be a woolly alpine
form of B. Hainla ?

Alpine Sikkim,

An unarmed

alt.

tree,

5. B. hispida, Seem. Rev. Heder. 18; stem panicle and petioles prickly,
leaves deeply palmate spinosely serrate, reticulating nerves beneath much raised
Araliad sp. 30, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. fy T.
and ultimately nearly glabrous
partly.

Sikkim, alt. 6000-7000 ft. J. D. H. Mishmee Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2696).
Yellowish when dried; prickles numerous and often whorled, lanceolate, comLeaves 1 ft. diam. and more, segments oblong-lanceolate narrower
pressed, deflexed.
towards the base, coriaceous, lower surface glabrous or sparingly hispidulous
Panicle very large
stipules united within the petiole with two free linear points.
bracts to the branches f in., lanceolate, tomentose, persistent pedicels very many,
Young calyxrising amid numerous bracteoles \-l in. lanceolate closely tomentose.
Petals glabrous, appear yellow.
Style after
tube closely densely stellate-tomentose.
in.
Fruit not seen.
the petals have fallen scarcely
;

6.
B. mitis, C. B. Clarke; branches prickly, leaves deeply palmate
softly serrate, the reticulating nerves scarcely raised beneath ultimately pubes-

cent or hispidulous.

Araliad

4000-8000

Herb. Ind. Or. H.f.

sp. 29,

fy

T.

not rare ; J. D. H., C. B. Clarke, N. Gamble.

An erect small tree, 20 ft., the panicle and petioles usually without prickles.
Leaves 1 ft. diam. and more ; segments oblong-lanceolate, narrowed towards the base,
membranous, adult beneath softly hairy and not shining stipules large, lanceolatePanicle very large, often with dense bundles of bristles on
subulate, nearly distinct.
the rachis and at the top of the petiole bracts on the branches f in., lanceolate,
caducous; pedicels very many, arising amid numerous lanceolate closely-tomentose
bracteoles - 1 in. Young calyx-tube more or less stellate-tomentoso. Petals glabrous.
the disc large, subhemispheric. Ripe fruit
Style after the petals have fallen \ in.
not seen.

Sikkim,

alt.

ft.,

leaves very large palmate divided half7. B. Griffithii, C. B. Clarke

way down or more serrate-denticulate, adult glabrous or the nerves beneath
;

minutely hispidulous.
(? Upper Assam), Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 2697).
prickles seen on the end of the branchlets nor elsewhere. Leaves 16 in. diam. ;
lobes oblong or elliptic, acuminate, tertiary nerves prominent on both surfaces.

East Bengal; Namroo

No


lxxi. araliace.e.

J3rassaiojpsis.~\

;
;
;

(C. B. Clarke).

737

Panicle very large and compound, much more glabrous than in the allied species
bracts to the branches short, ovate, persistent; pedicels in., very numerous, bracteoles at their base minute.
Young calyx-tube sparingly stellate-tomentose, limb
style scarcely
distinctly toothed.
in.
Disc of the young fruit much elevated
Fruit I in. diam., globose.

** Leaves digitate.

B. speciosa,

Planch, in Revue Hort. 1854, 106 petiolules

rounded or attenuate at the base entire
crenulate or lightly subserrate, adult glabrous or nearly so beneath. Seem. Rev.
Hede?\ 19. B. floribunda, Seem. Rev. Heder. 19. Hedera floribunda, Wall.
Cat. 4912
G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 394. H. glomerulata, DC. Prodr. iv. 265
Hook. Rot. Mag. t. 4804: Regel in Gartenfl. 1863, t. 411.
Aralia glomerulata, Rlume Bijd. 872.
Macropanax glomerulatuni, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
pt. i. 764.Araliad sp. 9, 10, and 11, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.
8.

long,

Dene,

fy

leaflets lanceolate or elliptic

From Nipal and Assam

to

Chittagong

alt.

0-5000

ft.,

frequent.

Distrib.

Java.

small tree
upper part of the branches (and sometimes the panicle also)
prickly innovations stellately tomentose often rusty reddish brown.
Leaflets 4-8 by
1-3 in., when young often with scattered stellate hairs above and some clustered
stellate wool beneath, acuminate, herbaceous, reticulations moderately conspicuous
petiolules usually more than 1 in., summit of the petiole without dense clustered
bristles.
bracts at the base of the
Panicle large, usually a foot long or more
branches oblong or lanceolate, persistent; pedicels f in. rising from a dense cluster
of rusty stellately hairy persistent bracteoles | in. Fruit ^ by -| in., didymo-globose,
or 1-seeded and subglobose. There are many forms of this plant, but these being
large, it is not easy to establish species upon them.
In the young fruit the disc is
sometimes very eleA-ated, and the style is long or short, as mentioned by Dene. &
Planchon: the calyx-tube of the young fruit is shortly hemispheric, or more often
long and obconic. These differences appear to depend on the stage of ripening at
which the fruit is gathered.
Var. 1. typica; leaflets 6 by 2 in. oblong acuminate entire, base not rounded
under surface of the adult glabrous. Wall. Cat. 4912.
Var. 2. subovata; leaflets 7 by 4^ in. ovate or elliptic shortly suddenly acuminate entire or very nearly so base rounded adult glabrous beneath. Sikkim,
J. D. H.
Var. 3. hirta leaflets 5 by 1^ in. lanceolate narrowed to both ends entire midrib beneath when young with needle-like spreading hairs (unlike those of any other
plant in the order). The leaflets are detached from the panicle, but except as to the
Cachar, R. L. Keenan.
hairs they appear to belong to the species.
Var. 4. rufo-stellata leaflets oblong-lanceolate from a rounded base somewhat
closely denticulate-serrate in nearly their whole extent with scattered rusty-stellate
hairs above, when young rusty villose pubescent beneath, panicle densely rufousstellate tomentose.-- Chiefly from low levels in Cachar, Khasia, and Chittagong.
Var. 5. serrata leaflets 7 by 2 in. elliptic-lanceolate dentate-serrate base subDarjeeling, Griffith (Kew Distrib. No.
acute, panicle very sparingly stellate-woolly.
2689).
;

9. B. XZookeri, C. B. Clarke; petiolules distinct or long, leaflets very

large oblong narrowed at each end serrate, mature more or less stellate- woolly
beneath.Araliad sp. 12, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T.

Sikkim,

alt.

Nunklow, H.f.

2000-5000

ft.;

Yoksun, J. B. H.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4000

ft.;

T.

A small prickly tree. Leaflets attaining 18 by 8 in., somewhat leathery, nerves

above subimpressed petiolules i- 2 in. Panicle 2 ft., the branches more than a foot
with broad oblong persistent bracts at their base, the young parts densely white
3 B
YOL. II.
;


738

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. ARALIACE.E.

;;;

[JBrassaiopsis.

stellate-woolly
pedicels -f in., stout, rising from numerous persistent bracteoles
| in., less hairy than those of B. floribunda. Young fruit much as in B. floribunda ;
calyx-tube campanulate or obconic disc prominently rayed, not greatly elevated
style ^ in.
Possibly a large form of B. floribunda.
;

leaflets serrate attenuate at

10. B. aculeata, Seem. Rev. Seder. 19
base subsessile and often enveloped densely by bristles with stellate hairs on
both surfaces when adult. Hedera aculeata, Don Prodr. 187 DC. Prodr. iv.
Agalma sesculifolium, Seem. Rev.
264. H. sesculifolia, Wall. Cat. 4913.
Heder. 25.
;

Kumaon;

T.

Nipal;

Thomson.

Wallich.

Khasia Mts.,

alt.

4000

C.

ft.,

B.

Clarke.

by 2f

narrowly lanceolate-obovate, acumiapex of the petiole very

hispid in one example of Dr. Thomson's the digitate leaf is sometimes replaced by a
Panicle large, compound, greatly resembling that
single entire leaf cordate at base.
of B. floribunda, young parts stellate rusty- woolly bracts at the .base of the branches
ovate, short, persistent pedicels ^-f in., springing from a dense cluster of lanceolate
hairy persistent bracteoles J in. Fruit \ in. long and broad, globose, subdidymous
Wallich's Hedera cesculifolia, in the Linnsean
disc on the ripe fruit flat style \-~ in.
Society's herbarium, and those marked Agalma cesculifolium in the British Museum
by Seemann, are all 2-ovuled, and identical with Brassaiopsis aculeata.
small prickly tree.

Leaflets 9

in.,

nate, herbaceous, soft in texture, rusty stellate-tomentose,

;

14.

ZH A CROP

AX AX, Miq.

Unarmed

Leaves digitate, 3-5-foliolate, leaflets entire or

small trees.
Indian species glabrous; stipules shortly connate within the
petiole or 0.
Panicles large, branched
bracts small, deciduous pedicels
jointed under the flowers; flowers umbelled, polygamous.
Calyx-teeth 5.
Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled styles united. Fruit ovoid or
Petals 5, valvate.
subglobose or somewhat elongated upwards, striated or ribbed but hardly angular.
Seeds dorsally compressed albumen ruminated or very rugose.
Distrib. Species 2, Nipal to Java.
serrate, in the

1. BZ. oreophilum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 764; leaflets usually
denticulate serrate or crenulate, panicle-branches spreading stellately rustytomentose. Seem. Rev. Seder. 20; Kurz For. Fl. i. 541. M. floribundum,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 764. Panax serratum, Wall. Cat. 4915 ; DC. Prodr.
Aralia disperma, Blume Bijd. 872. Hedera disperma, DC. Prodr. iv.
iv. 253.
265. Araliad sp. 8, Serb. Ind. Or. S.f. # T.

From Nipal and Assam

to Tenasseeim, alt.

500-7000

ft.,

frequent.

Disteib.

Malaya.
Attains 30 ft. Leaflets 5 by 14 in., lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes longer and
very narrow, sometimes almost elliptic, base narrowed or rounded petiolules 1-3
Panicle 1 ft., compound; bracts usually deciduous, inconspicuous; pedicels ^ in.,
in.
stout, more or less stellate-hairy, the bracteoles few or deciduous.
Fruit \ in.,
ovoid, sometimes elongated upwards disc large, conical, often wider than the top
of the fruit, crowned with the permanent style ^- in.
;

UK. undulatum, Seem. Rev. Seder. 20 leaflets entire or very nearly

panicle-branches ascending glabrous. Hedera undulata, Wall. Cat. 4916
G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 394.Araliad sp. 5, Serb. Ind. Or. S.f. $ T.
2.

so,

Sikkim, Bhotan, Assam and Khasia,

small tree. Leaflets 3-4 by \\

alt.
in.,

500-5000

ft.,

common.

Sllhet station.

lanceolate, acuminate, rarely elliptic-

;;

Macropanax.~]
lanceolate,

petiolules
pedicels i

M.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. akaliacej:.

739

rarely minutely denticulate, base narrowed often very acute

Panicle 1 ft., compound
bracts \ in., triangular, caducous
angular, perfectly glabrous; bracteoles
or caducous.
Fruit as in

entire

\-2

in.

in.,

oreopnilum.

15.

HEDERA, Linn.

Shrubs, climbing extensively, or small trees. Leaves simple, lobed or pinnate, glabrous
stipules 0.
umbels panicled
Floicers polygamous
bracts
very small, pedicels not or very obscurely jointed under the flowers.
Calyxmargin 5-tootbed or sub-entire. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 5celled; styles connate into a column.
Fruit globose, almost berried. Seeds
;

ovoid albumen ruminated. Species 2

Old World the other Australian.
;

one in

all

temperate regions of the

1. K. Helix. Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 261; leaves simple, panicle not
elongated.
Bern Prodr. 187 ; Wall. Cat. 4908 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey $
Wall. ii. 515 ; Brand. For. Fl. 248.

Throughout the Himalaya

alt. 6000-10,000 ft.

Khasia Mts., alt. 4000-6000 ft.
Distrib. From W. Europe to Japan.
Stem glabrous climbing adhesively by means of numerous extra-axillary rootlets.
Leaves 3-4 in., varying from linear- lanceolate to cordate-ovate, entire or variously
lobed palmate or subpinnati fid; petiole -2 in. Panicle often depressed, subcorymbose, or shortly ovate, never large compound
bracts scarcely \ in., triangular
pedicels -f in., stellately hairy bracteoles minute or 0.
Fruit black, more rarely
yellow or red. There is no note of red fruit from India yellow fruit is not un;

not rare.

common

there.

16.

HEDEROPSIS,

glabrous unarmed

C.

B. Clarke.

Leaves 1-3-foliolate

leaflets lanceolate, denticulate or nearly entire ; base of petiole much dilated ; stipules inconspicuous.
Umbels panicled ; bracts and bracteoles deciduous pedicels jointed close under
Calyx margined, 5-toothed somewhat prominently. Petals 5,
the flowers.
Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled ; styles connate. Fruit berried, large,
valvate.
Seeds 5-4 ; albumen
subglobose, crowned by the stout persistent style.

tree.

ruminated.
Differs technically from Hedera in the. jointed pedicels
large fruit give to it a widely different aspect.

X. Maing'ayi,

Malacca

C.

the serrate leaflets and

B. Clarke.

Maingay, No. 683.

Leaflets of the compound leaves 3| by l in., simple leaves attain 8-2- by 4 in.,
membranous, opaque, base subacute, secondary nerves raised tertiary obscure petiole
1-2 in. Panicle glabrous or obscurely pubescent pedicels |-| in. Young flowers
Fruit (not quite ripe) more than in. exclusive of
small, petals expanding, reflexed.
the conical disc and stout style. Dr. Maingay's examples are in fragments the size
of the panicle is doubtful, and it is not improbable that some at least of the leaves
may have more than 3 leaflets or may be pinnate.
;

17.

tree.

Leaves

GAIKBX.EA,

digitate,

Umbels panicled, bracts

margin minute. Petals

C.

B. Clarke.

5-3-1 -foliolate

0, pedicels
5, valvate.

continuous.

Stamens

5.

stipules within the petiole.

CalyxFlowers polygamous.

Ovary 3-5-celled

styles 3-5,

3b2


740

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxi. araliaceje.

[Gambled.

combined nearly half their length. Fruit globose, 3-5-celled.

albumen lightly ruminated, nearly as in Hedera.

pressed

Seed not com-

leaflets oblanceolate or if solitary cordate

1. Cr. ciliata, C. B. Clarke
harshly pilose above margin bristle-ciliate. Araliad sp. 3, Herb. Ind. Or.
;

H.f. T.
Sixxim; Tonglo,
Unarmed, 30 ft.

D.

K, Gamble;

Jongri, C. B. Clarke.
acuminate, hairs on both surfaces harsh
petiolules 0- in., densely rusty villose.
in age, or nearly glabrous beneath
Umbels
in small panicles; pedicels -f in., puberulo-pubescent. Fruit |-in. diam., ultimately
glabrous.
alt.

10,000

Leaflets

ft.,

J.

6 by 2

in.,

18.

TUPZDANTHUS, H.f. #

T.

A glabrous small tree at first erect,

afterwards a lofty climber. Leaves digistipules connate within the petiole.

Umbels in a compound umbel or small panicle pedicels thick, not jointed under
Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals closely connate, falling off in a
the flowers.
Stamens very many, in two or several series. Ovary cells very numecap.
rous stigmas very many (90), sessile, radiating, contiguous but not connate.
Fruit globose, depressed (not seen ripe).
tate

leaflets glabrous, leathery, entire

1.

T. calyptratus, H.

f.

T. in Bot.

Mag.

4908

t.

Seem. Rev.

Heder. 6.

Khasia Mts.,

alt. 2000-3000 ft.; Borpani, H. f. $ T.

East Bengal; Griffith
Distrib. No. 2701).
Leaflets 7-9, 7 by 1\ in., narrowly oblong, Shortly acuminate, narrowed at the
base; petiolule 2 in. Main umbel about 3-rayed, branches 3 in., very stout with

(Kew

large ovate sheathing leathery persistent bracts at their base partial umbels 5-7-fid
pedicels \-\\ in., glabrous, stout.
Buds in. diam., nearly globose; calyx-tube
leathery, smooth. Stamens about 50-70, densely packed filaments and anthers as in
most of the order but larger. Unripe fruit more than f by 1 in., will be berried.
Seeds numerous, 20-30 at least.
;

Order LXXII.

CORNACE2E.

(0. B. Clarke.)

Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, generally petioled, entire or

occasionally angular lobed or serrate, frequently unequal at the base stipules 0.
Flowers usually small, regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual, in axillary or terminal cymes panicles or heads. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb truncate or 4-5-toothed, persistent.
Petals
or 4-5 (occasionally indefinite),
epigynous, imbricate or valvate. Stamens inserted with the petals and equal to
them in number, rarely twice or thrice as many. Ovary inferior, 1-4-celled,
crowned by a usually fleshy sometimes inconspicuous disc style single, short
or long, stigma capitate or branched ; ovule solitary (very seldom 2-3), pendulous from the apex of the cell.
Fruit generally succulent, 1-4-celled, less often
with 2 pyrenes.
Seed oblong, pendulous, albumen copious, fleshy; embryo
minute or cotyledons flat leafy nearly as wide as the seed. Distrib. Species
75, chiefly in the northern hemisphere.
;

Flowers hermaphrodite.

f Petals narrow

much

elongate.

lxxit corniced.

(C. B. Clarke.)

Stamens twice or thrice the petals. Cotyledons crumpled

Stamens equalling the petals in number. Cotyledons flat

741
.

...

1.

2.

Alangium.
Marlea.

ft Petals short or oblong.

Ovary
Ovary

2-celled

**
'

4.

Cornus.
Mastixia.

5.

Atjcuba.

6.

Nyssa.
Toricelua..

3.

..

1-celled

Flowers unisexual.

t Leaves opposite.

Petals

4.

Stamens 4

....

ft Leaves alternate.

Ovary
Ovary

Flowers in dense heads

Flowers in large panicles

1-celled.

4- celled.

1.

AX.AXGZX72K,

.7.

Lamk.

trees, armed or not.

Leaves alternate-, petioled, oblong,
3-nerved at the base, persistent. Flowers in axillary fascicles or condensed cymes, hermaphrodite, silky, white, jointed on the pedicel bracts 0.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb 5-10-toothed or truncate. Petals 5-10 t
Stamens twice as many as the petals or
linear-oblong, valvate, then reflexed.
Ovary inferior, 1-celled, surmounted
more, filaments hairy anthers very long.
by a disc style very long, stigma large, capitate ; ovule pendulous. Fruit a
Seed- oblong, albumen
berry, crowned by the somewhat enlarged calyx-limb.
ruminated cotyledons leafy, crumpled radicle elongate. Disteib. Species 2

Shrubs or small

entire,

tropical

and subtropical Asia and Africa.

The species with stamens equal in number to the petals in which the structure of
the embryo is unknown are here for convenience placed under Marlea Sir J. Hooker
{Gen. PL i. 949) has placed them in Alangium, but till the embryo is known their
position must be uncertain..
;

smooth with slight vertical ribs when dry. Dalz. $

Brand. For. Fl. 250. A. decapetalum, Lamk. Diet. i.
174; DC. Prodr. iii. 203; Wall. Cat. 6884; W. $ A. Prodr. 325; Wight Ic.
Miq. FL Lnd. Bat. i. pt. i. 774 Kurz For. FL i. 543. A. hexapetalum,.
t. 194
Lamk. fy DC. lie.; Roxb. Sort. Beng. 38, FL lnd. ii. 502; Wall. Cat. 6883;
W. $ A. Prodr. 326; Wight III. t. 96. A. tomentosum, Lamk. DC. II. c.
Wall. Cat. 6885. A. sundanum, Kurz I. c. A. latifolium, Miq. in PL Hohenack. No. 719. Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. tt. 17, 26.
rowed,
Gibs.

fruit ellipsoid quite

Bomb.

Fl. 109

Throughout India from the N.W. Himalaya to Ceylon and Tenasserim very
common. Distrib. Malaya and South China to the Philippines. East Africa.
A small tree or rambling shrub, armed or not. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., oblong {A.
;

decapetalum), or elliptic (A. hexapetalum), acute or subobtuse, the base unequal some-

what rounded, above nearly glabrous with pubescent nerves, beneath with more or
less scattered hair and often with tufts of hairs or hollow glands in the axils of the
primary nerves

petiole \

in.,

hairy, often villous or woolly.

Flowers in small close

and calyx-tube usually woolly. Calyx-limb minutely

Stamens about 20-30.
toothed.
Petals 5-10 usually 6-7, |-1 in. woolly without.
Fruit f by f in., black,
Style glabrous, uniformly cylindrie, stigma large subglobose.
endocacp bony. The examples of A. sundanum
closely pubescent or finally glabrous

fascicles; peduncles pedicels

742

lxxii.

cornace^.

[Alangiwm.

(C. B. Clarke.)

communicated by Miquel to the British Museum agree with Mr. Kurz's, which have
the calyx-tube not furrowed, and do not materially differ from A. Lamarckii, but the
examples of A. sundanum at Kew have the calyx-tube (even in the bud) deeply
grooved and appear a distinct species.
Var. glandulosum, Thwaites Enum. 133 (sp.) young parts ruddy-furfuraceous,
leaves ovate or oblong rostrate-acuminate, beneath with most minute shining glands
and with glandular pores at the axils of the primary nerves, flowers glandular
Ceylon, Central
sparingly hairy, pedicels and calyces furfuraceous with red glands.
According to Mr. Thwaites a closely allied
Thwaites.
Province, alt. 2000-4000 ft.
but distinct species. The peduncles, calyx-tube, and petals are much less woolly
than in A. Lamarckii; these and the tender surfaces of the leaves are not (in
Thwaites' No. 381) glandular, but covered with most minute glistening hairs, giving
under a common lens a glandular appearance. A. glandulosum thus has much shorter
hairs than the ordinary forms of A. Lamarckii, while some examples of A. Lamarckii
have the under surface of the leaves glabrous or very nearly so.
;

2.

MARLEA, Roxb.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, orbicular or oblong from an

oblique base. Flowers in axillary contracted cymes, white, jointed on the
pedicel, hermaphrodite.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb toothed or truncate. Petals 4-8, linear, free or slightly cohering at the base, valvate. Stamens
4-8, filaments attached to the petals slightly at the base and there usually
hairy anthers linear.
Ovary 1-3-celled or 1-celled at the apex 2-3-celled at
the base, crowned by a disc style long, often thicker upwards and pubescent,
stigma simple or lobes 4 linear or sub-clavate ovule solitary in each complete or incomplete cell.
Berry 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seed (in M. begonicecotyledons orbicular, thin, leafy
folia and ebenacea) oblong, compressed
radicle short
Distrib. Species 8 India, to Japan, Malaya, Australia, and
Polynesia.
;

Sect.

Fseudalang ium,

I.

F. Muell.

Ovule

Embryo

1.

of Marlea.

(Rhytidandra, A. Gray.)
1. 2ft. G-riffithii, C. B. Clarke;
leaves oblong acuminate, cymes repeatedly divided, flowers numerous and close, style glabrous, stigma simple sub-

globose.
Griffith (No. 3387 Kew Distrib.)
Maingay No. 708.
(Mainyay); branchlets minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves b\ by If in.,
very unequal auncled at the base, nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent on the
nerves above, beneath with spreading fulvous hairs on the main nerves and the
surface minutely dotted and with more or less scattered villous hairs petiole \ in.,
fulvous, villous.
Cyme with minute close fulvous pubescence rather longer and
softer on the calyx-tube
bracteoles most minute, linear, deciduous.
Calyx-tube not
furrowed, limb almost truncate. Petals 5, g in., nearly glabrous.
Stamens 5, filaments short with much wool at their summit. Ovule 1.

Malacca

tree

2. UK. ebenacea, C. B. Clarke

leaves oblong acuminate, cymes fewflowered, style hairy, stigma lanceolate grooved.
Alangium ebenaceum, Griff,
;

in

Herh.

Malacca;
Branches
thick and

Cyme

Kew

Griffith (No. 3383

Distrib.); Maingay No. 706.
stout, glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves 10 by 3 \ in., glabrous,

somewhat

coriaceous, base subacute slightly unequal

short, 4-8-flowered,

cent, not grooved,

limb much dilated, truncate.

petiole

|-|

entire,

in. thick.

Calyx-tube more softly pubesPetals f-1 in., 6 (sometimes 5),

minutely fulvous-pubescent.

Marlea.]

lxxii.

cornace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

743

with minute close tomentum.

Stamens 6 or 5, filaments short, woolly. Style
shortly hairy, stigma an elongate quadrangular pyramid ovule 1. Fruit f by i-f in.,
nearly glabrous and without ribs, crowned by the short cylindric truncate littleenlarged limb of the calyx. Seed much compressed, albumen fleshy; cotyledons
;

orbicular, thin,

3.

flat.

HE. nobilis,

C.

B.

flowered, calyx-tube in the

Clarke.

leaves elliptic or orbicular,

cymes few-

bud deeply grooved.

Malacca Griffith (Kew Distrib. Nos. 3384, 3385) Maingay^o. 707- Singapore,
Mating ay No. 705.
Branchlets petioles cymes and leaves beneath densely fulvous- villous. Leaves often
8 by 5^ in. (sometimes only half these dimensions), not acuminate, from cordate to
subacute at the base, firm, at length glabrous above petiole often | in.
Cyme short,
4-8-flowered.
Calyx-tube deeply grooved, teeth prominent rising from the angles.
Petals 6-5, f in., much dilated at the base, very villous.
Stamens 6-5 filaments
short woolly.
Style cylindric densely villous, the very apex narrowed, stigma as in
M. ebenacea; ovule 1. Fruit 1 by | in., ellipsoid, compressed, very woolly, with 10
or 12 light vertical ridges, crowned by the incurved calyx-teeth.
;

4. Ttl. barbata, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 7129; shaggy with much soft
spreading hair, leaves elliptic or ovate acuminate, cymes many-flowered, style
glabrous apex almost divided into two suhclavate stigmas.

BHOTANand Assam

Khasia Mts. Wallich.

Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 3388).
Leaves 4 by 2^ in., entire, rounded or subcordate at the base, with scattered
golden or brownish hairs on both surfaces especially beneath*;' petiole - in., densely
hairy.
Cyme 12-30-flowered with spreading golden hairs. Calyx-tube shaggy, not
grooved, teeth lanceolate. Petals 6-5, ^-\ in., hairy on the back. Filaments short,
hairy.
Ovule 1. Fruit by \ in., ovoid, finally glabrous, slightly striated longitudinally,

crowned by the erect calyx-teeth.

Sect. II.
seeded.

Eu-IVIarlea.

Ovules 2, rarely 1 or

3.

Fruit normally 2-

5. Itt. begonitefolia, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 283, Hort. Beng. 28, Fl. Ind.
261 young leaves and innovations villous, mature leaves more glabrous
broad angular lobed or entire, connective hairy or nearly glabrous, style glabrous or with scattered hairs. DC. Prodr. iv. 267 Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 61
Wall. Cat. 3719 Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 744 Brand. For. Fl. 251
Kurz For. FL i. 544. M. aflinis, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 83.
M. tomentosa, Endl. ex Hassk. in Flora 1844, p. 605
Miq. L c. 775 Kurz I. c. 545.
Diacicarpium tomentosum, Blume Bijd. 657
Hasgk. in Bonpland. vii. 173.
D. rotundifolium,.ZZflssA;. I. c. 172. Stylidium chinense, Lour. FL Cochinch. 221.
Styrax javanicum, Blume Bijd. 671 (ex Kurz).
ii.

alt. 1000-6000 ft., common from the Punjab to

China, Japan.
tree, often small, but attains 60 ft.
branches horizontal. Leaves 4 by 3 in.,
sometimes very large, from orbicular to broad oblong, acuminate, base rounded or
subcordate unequal, not serrate nor denticulate, above glabrous when mature or villous
on the nerves rarely with scattered fulvous hairs on the surface also, mature usually
glabrous beneath with or without tufts of hairs in the axils of the main nerves, which
are puberulous, or closely hairy on the nerves; petiole 1-1 J in., fulvous-hairy or glabrous.
Cymes 1-3 in., dichotomous, 8-12-flowered, more or less fulvous-hairy bracts
Calyx-tube not grooved ; limb shortly toothed. Petals usually 6-8,
inconspicuous.
slightly hairy.
Filaments short, hairy. Style usually glabrous, stigma capitate, subFruit i by in., ovoid, glabrous, obscurely ribbed, crowned with the very
2-4-lobed.

Throughout Northern India,

Bengal and Bukma.

Distrib.


74A

lxxii. cornaceje.

(C. B. Clarke.)

[Marlea.

narrow calyx-limb. The Japan If. macrophylla and M. heterophylla hardly differ
from this.
Var. alpina leaves not angular, hairy all over beneath and no tufts in the nerveaxils. Sikkim, alt. 6000-9000 ft. H.f. $ T. Marlea sp. 2.
;

COBNUS, Linn.

3.

Trees and shrubs, glabrous or hairy, hairs often centrally attached. Leaves
opposite or alternate, petioled, entire. Floivers small, hermaphrodite, white or
Calyx-tube campanulate or
yellow, in branched cymes or in involucrate heads.
urn-shaped limb with 4 short or long teeth. Petals 4, oblong, valvate. Stamens 4, anthers oblong. Ovary 2- (very rarely 3-) celled style filiform or cylindric, stigma capitate sub-2-lobed ; ovule solitary pendulous in each cell.
Drupe ovoid, 2-celled, 2-seeded endocarp bony. Seeds oblong, compressed,
albumen fleshy ; cotyledons leafy. Distrib. Species 15, in N. temperate regions,
and 2 in Burma and Hongkong.
;

Sect.

I.

Thelycrania,

Endl.

Flowers cymose, without bracts.

1. C. sang-uinea, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 1092 ; a shrub, leaves

opposite rarely exceeding 3 in. shortly or not at all acuminate not very glaucous beneath. DC. Prodr. iv. 272; Brand. For. Fl. 253,
0. australis,

C.

A. Mey.

Boiss.

I.

c.

alt. 7000 ft.

Gulmurg, Stewart. Distrib. W. and N. Asia, Europe.
erect shrub, branchlets leaves beneath and cymes with minute white hairs.
Kashmir
Leaves
examples) I5 by 1| in., ovate from a rounded base, obtuse, beneath
paler and with appressed hairs, nerves 4 on each side with spreading crisped hairs

Kashmir;

An

(in

beneath

petiole nearly

in.

Fruit I

in.

diam., subglobose, minutely hairy.

2. C. macrophylla, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey $ Wall. i. 433

a tree, leaves opposite or alternate usually exceeding 3 in. distinctly acuminate
glaucous beneath.
Don Prodr. 141 Wall. Cat. 469 DC. Prodr. iv. 272 ;
Brand. For. Fl. 252, t. 32. 0. brachypoda, C. A. Mey. \ Walp. Ann. ii. 725.
;

Throughout the Himalaya, alt. 4000-8000 ft., frequent. Distrib. China, Japan.
An erect tree 40 ft., branches horizontal. Leaves 6 by Z\ in. (often much larger),
ovate base rounded or subacute secondary nerves 6 on each side, ultimately glabrous above, beneath with scattered minute appressed hairs petiole 1 in.
Panicles
terminal, erect, often 4-5 in. diam., branches opposite or alternate.
Calyx-tube urnshaped, whitish from the numerous appressed hairs.
Fruit ^~| in. diam., globose.
C. altemifolia, Linn, f., a N.American species differs very little, if at all, from this.
Var. Stracheyi; panicle densely clothed with spreading fulvous hairs, young
leaves silky hairy.
Kumaon, alt. 7000 ft., Kathi Strachey $ Winterboitom.
;

3. C. oblong-a, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey $ Wall. i. 432; leave."
narrowly oblong narrowed at both ends adult glabrous or minutely hairy be
neath.
Don Prodr. 140; Wall. Cat. 468; DC. Prodr. v. 272; Brand. For

Fl.

253

From

Kurz For.

Fl.

i.

545.

the Jhelum to Nipax, alt. 4000-7000 ft. frequent. Bhotan Griffith

Khasia: Mts., alt. 4500 ft.; C. B. Clarke.
Martaban Hills; alt. 4000-7000 ft.
Kurz.
A tree 20-30 ft. Leaves 5 by \\ in., somewhat coriaceous, nerves much elevate"
beneath; petiole \ in. Pedicels and cyme-branches minutely pubescent; bracteoles
small.
Calyx-tube campanulate, hardly urn-shaped. Petals almost glabrous. Fruit
by i in., ellipsoid, glabrous or nearly so.
I
;


Comus.~\
Var.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxii. CORNACP.J!.

Griffithii

beneath with spreading hairs.

leaves

;;

745

Bhotan

Griffith,

No.

2091.

Benthamia,

Sect. II.

Floioers connate in dense heads

Lindl. (gen.)

subtended by 4 large white tracts.

4. C. capitata, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey fy Wall. i. 434;
leaves oblong or elliptic adult closelv covered above with minute hairs, calyxteeth distinct reflexed. Bon Prodr. 141 ; Wall. Cat. 467, PI. As. Par. t. 214
Brand. For. Fl. 253. Benthamia fragifera, Lindl. in Pot. Peg. t. 1579 ; Wight
III. t. 122.

From Kulu and Kumaon to Bhotan,

alt. 4000-7000 ft., not rare.

small tree, the tender parts densely clothed with minute bicuspidate hairs.
Leaves 3 by )in., narrowed at both ends, hardly acuminate. Heads hemispherical,
|- in. wide bracts 1 by in. Fruiting heads depressed, globose, 1 in. wide, succulent, of numerous coalesced pericarps; endocarp about \ in., bony, ellipsoid or obovoid, compressed; calyces spreading on all sides from the young fruit heads,
ultimately deciduous.
Var. khasiana; adult leaves glabrous or very nearly so. Khasia, alt. 50006000 ft., Kalapani H. f. <$[ T. This variety approaches C. japonica, Thunb. which
is closely allied but has the calyx-limb subtruncate.

MASTIXIA,

4.

Plume.

Trees, young parts more or less pubescent.

Leaves alternate or opposite,
petioled, entire. Floicers hermaphrodite, 2-bracteolate, small, in terminal many-

flowered panicles bracts small or lengthened, pedicels short or 0, jointed under

the flower.
Calyx-tube campanulate, pubescent or silky
limb 5-4-toothed.
Stamens 5-4 anthers cordate-obl^etals 6-4, ovate, leathery, valvate, silky.
long.
Ovary l-celled disc fleshy style cylindric, simple ovule 1, pendulous
from one side of the cell very near its summit.
Drupe ellipsoid or ovoid,
crowned hy the calyx-teeth or a scar putamen grooved down one face endocarp protruded inwards down one side.
Seed ellipsoid
albumen fleshy
embryo small, radicle elongate, cotyledons thin, elliptic. Disteib. Specie3 8
S. India and Malaja.
;

Leaves

all alternate.

t Practs about
1.

IKE.

in., acute.

tetrandra,

C.

P. Clarke

bud

shortly triangular, stamens usually 4.

mi. Thwaites Enum. 42.

bracts caducous, calyx- teeth in the

Bursinopetalum tetrandrum, Wight

Ceylon; Thwaites.

A large tree, foliage heavy green. Leaves 3^ by l in., elliptic or obovate-oblong,

suddenly obtusely acuminate, narrowed at the base, glabrous, drying green petiole
^-f in., minutely pubescent when young. Panicle 2-3 in. diam., branches and calyxFruit 1 by
Calyx-teeth rarely 5.
Style j E in.
tube with close fulvous pubescence.
| in., almost cylindric, or by ^ in. ellipsoid.
Var. Thwaitesii leaves If by ^-f in. obtuse turning black in drying, panicle
and petals glabrous. Ceylon Thwaites. Very different in general appearance from
M. tetrandra, but Mr. Thwaites regards it as a variety.
;

2. X/L.

arborea,

C.

P. Clarke; bracts acute persistent

bud triangular-lanceolate, stamens

petals drop, calyx-teeth in the

till

after the

5.

Bursino-

74>6

petalum arboreum,
t.

(C. B. Clarke.)

lxxii. cORNACEiE.

Wight

Ic.

t.

[Mastixia.

956; Thwaites JEnum. 42; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.

216.

Cachar Calacherra, B. L. Keenan.

Nilghiri Mts.
Cbylon alt. 4000-7000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites.
;

near Sisparah, Wight.

A large tree, foliage dark green. Leaves 3 by 2 in., elliptic or obovate-oblong,

suddenly shortly acuminate, narrowed at the base, glabrous, drying black; petiole
- 1 in., minutely pubescent when young. Panicle 2-3 ii. diam., branches and calyxtube with close fulvous pubescence.
Style less than ^- in.
Fruit 1|- by ^ | in., ellipsoid.
Closely allied to the preceding.
Possibly not distinct from M. pentandra,
Blume Mus. Bot. i. 256, of which there is no authentic example at Kew; the descrip-

tion agrees except that the leaves are

ff Some of the

bi'acts

-|

much

larger,

4-8

in.

in., linear-oblong, obtuse.

3. XH. pentandra, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 256

leaves 4-7 in., bracteoles
and calyx-tube very hairy, calyx-teeth 5 ovate subacute. M. cuspidata, Blume
I. c, ex Mia. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 1095.
;

Canara, Dharwar and Bellary Law Con can Stocks.

Leaves 4-7 by lf-2^ in., oblong or elliptic, narrowed to each end, puberulous on both surfaces at least when young, drying green, whiter beneath; petiole
|-l in., pubescent when young. Panicle 3-6 in. diam., very pubescent towards the
extremities.
Some of the lower bracts 1 in., leaflike though narrow, many of the
upper exceeding J in. Buds silky. Style less than
in. Fruit l by f in., elongateellipsoid. Identified from description only: Blume does not mention the large bracts,
so that this is possibly a new species.

Malabar

tree.

4. BX. bracteata, C. B. Clarke

leaves 2 in., bracteoles and calyx-tube
minutely silky or almost glabrous, calyx-teeth 5 short triangular.
;

Malacca; Maingay, No.

710.
Branchlets glabrous. Leaves 2-3 by l-l in., elliptic, suddenly and obtusely acuminate, narrowed at the base, glabrous, drying an olive green petiole \ in. Panicle
2 in. diam., nearly glabrous. Some of the lower bracts nearly ] in., leaflike though
narrow, many of the upper nearly \ in. and obtuse. Buds silky. Style less than
in.
Fruit not seen.
;

** Leaves subopposite and opposite.

leaves glabrous
5. M. Jung-huhniana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 772
beneath or shortly hairy on the main nerves, calyx-teeth 4 roundish minutely
;

pubescent.

Malacca

Maingay No. 709.

of moderate size tips of branchlets pubescent. Leaves 4^ by 2 in., oblong,
narrowed to both ends, drying a shining green above, much whiter beneath petiole
i in., pubescent when young. Panicle 2-3 in. diam., trichotomous bracteoles -|-|in.,
pubescent. Young petals most minutely silky. Fruit not seen. Identified with M.
Junghuhniana by the description, which closely agrees. It has been named M. trichotoma, Blume, in the Kew Herbarium, of which species it is very possibly a variety.
;

A tree

6.

IMC.

JMaing'ayi,

C.

B. Clarke

under surface of the leaves and panicle

densely softly woolly.

Singapore; Maingay No.

ll.

Branchlets densely woolly. Leaves 5 by 2f in., elliptic, acute not acuminate, narrowed at the base, shining green above, with much spreading soft hair and rugose
beneath petiole 1 in. Panicle 4 in. diam. branches thick bracts | in ovate, obtuse, thick.
Young flowers densely woolly. Fruit 1^ by| in., ovoid, much narrower
upwards. A very fine and distinct species.
;


Aucuba.]

lxxii.

coenace^.

(C. B. Clarke.)

AUG USA,

5.

747

Thanh.

Glabrous branching shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate or lanceolate,

Floivers small,
obtusely serrate, leathery, shining, turning black in drying.
dioecious, in pseudo-axillary panicles, lurid purple bracts inconspicuous pedicels jointed and 2-bracteolate.
Male calyx small, 4-toothed petals ovate or
lanceolate, valvate
stamens 4 disc quadrangular, fleshy no rudimei t of an
ovary. Female calyx-tube ovoid, limb 4-toothed petals as in the male no
rudiments of stamens ovary 1-celled, disc fleshy style short, thick, stigma
capitate
Beii-y ellipsoid, crowned by the calyxovule solitary, pendulous.
teeth and style. Seed oblong, albumen copious; embryo minute, radicle superior
near the summit of the seed. Distrib. Species 3 or 1, Sikkim, Hongkong,
Japan.
;

1. A. himalaica, Hook.
leaves lanceolate or
f. III. Him. PI. t. 12
narrowly lanceolate acuminate, branches of the panicle very pilose.
;

Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 6000-9000 ft., Griffith, &c. Distrib. Japan.
A stout shrub, 6-12 ft., branching dichotomously. Leaves 8 by If in., narrowed at
the base, denticulate or serrate petiole f-1 in. Panicles f in. diam., terminal on
very short lateral branches. Fruit ^ hy\ in., smooth, shining, variable in colour,
orange yellow or scarlet. Yokohama specimens, named A. longifolia in Herb. Hook.,
are identical with the Indian. A. japonica differs by having rather broader less acuminate leaves and less hairy panicles. The increase of material renders more probable
the suggestion made by Sir J. Hooker /. c. that there is but one and that a very variable species of Aucuba.
;

6.

NTTSSA,

Linn.

Trees (or shrubs), innovations silky.

Leaves alternate, petioled, entire.
Floivers capitate, on axillary peduncles, polygamo-dicecious, 1 or few females
and many males in a head, each 3-4-bracteolate, or the males irregularly coalescing.
Male calyx short, cup-shaped, 5-7-toothed ; petals 5-7, imbricate, hairy ; stamens usually 10 (in the Indian species) around a large circular
disc ; rudiment of the ovary
or small.
Female calyx-tube campanulate
limb 5-toothed petals or minute ; no rudiments of stamens ; ovary 1-celled
style cylindric, simple or shortly 2-fid ovule solitary, pendulous. Berry oblong
Albumen copious cotyledons flat, leafy, nearly as broad as the seed.
or ovoid.
Distrib. Species 5-6, in N. America, and from Sikkim to Java.
:

N. sessiliflora, Hookf.

in Gen. PI. i. 952

leaves oblong acuminate,
Daphniphyllopsis capitata, Kurz For. Fl. i. 240 and in Journ.
As. Soc. 1875, part ii. 201, with Jig.
Hex daphnephylloides, Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. 1870, pt. ii. 72.
Agathisanthes javanica, Blume Bijd. 645 Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. i. 839. Ceratostachys arborea, Blume Bijd. 644 Miq. I. c.
1.

flowers sessile.

Cachar
Sikkim, alt. 5000-8000 ft.
J. D. H., Kurz. Khasia Mts.: H.f. $ T.
B. L. Keenan. Martaban, alt. 5000-7000 ft. Kurz. Distrib. Java.
A tree, 60 ft. Leaves 6 by 2 in., acute at the base, punctate on both surfaces,
adult glabrous beneath, rarely pubescent and chiefly on the nerves; petiole 1 in.
Calyx-teeth rounded, pubescent and
Peduncles 1-1 5 in., more or less pubescent.
ciliate.
Ripe fruit \ by ~ in., ovoid, narrowed upwards to a point, glabrous.
;

748

lxxii. cornacej:.

(C. B. Clarke.)

TORICELLIA,

7.

[Toricellia.

DC.

Leaves alternate, long-petioled, deciduous,

small tree, branches thick.
broadly cordate, acute, sharply serrate; petiole sheathing at base. Flowers
small, white, dioecious, numerous in pendulous panicles ; pedicels short, bracteocalyx-tube
late, in the female jointed under the flower, in the male not. Male
stashort, lobes generally 5 ; petals 5, oblong, acuminate, induplicate-valvate
or of 1-3 small bristles.
mens usually 5; disc flat; rudiment of ovary
Female calyx-tube ovoid limb minute, 3-5-toothed petals and stamens
ovary 3-5-celled, disc inconspicuous style very short, stigmas 3-5, cylindric
Drupe small, purple, obliquely ovoid,
ovule solitary pendulous in each cell.
crowned by the stigmas, 4-celled, 1-seeded. Seed linear, curved albumen
fleshy embryo minute.
:

1.

T. tilieefolia, DC. Prodr.

Sambucus

tilieefolia,

Nipal; Wallich.
Leaves 6

iv.

257; Seem. Journ. Bot.

iii.

361,

t.

41.

Wall. Cat. 483.

Sikkim,

alt.

6000

ft.,

J.

B. H.

Bhotan;

Griffith.

diam., adult glabrous or slightly pubescent on the nerves beneath,

membranous, palmately nerved from the base petiole often 3-4 in. Male panicle
1 ft., very compound, minutely pubescent or glabrous, with a few scattered linear
bracts \ in. fern, sometimes nearly as long as the male, but much less dense ami
with far fewer more scattered flowers. Fruit | in., ovoid, glabrous.
in.

..

749

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

The Synony?ns and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in

Italics.

Page

NN

fqUus,

tn

Wall.

tulosus,
cu

Blume

u$ E.

175
175
176

Meyer .175

amsocrmus,

Hassk.
.
minor, Desv.
paucijiorus, Desv.
precaf.orius, Linn.
.

'ui-.

Acacia, Wil d.
alba, Willd.
alliacea,

Watt.
.

Ham.

amara, Willd.
amblycarpa, Grah.
.

arcuata, Decaisne

arrophula, Don.
biceps,
caesia,

DC.
W.

cmsia, "Wall.

A.

Campbellii, Am.
canescens, Grah.
Caringa, Ham.
Catechu, Willd.
A.
Catechu, W.
Catechu, Brand.
.

&

catechuoides, Wall.

chrysocoma, Miq.
chundra, Willd.
cinerea, Spreng.
concinna, DC.
concinna, Wall. .
Dalea, Desf. .
dealbata. Link. .
densa, Wall.
.
A.
dumosa, W.
burnea, Willd.
data, Grah.
.
Farnesiana, Willd.
Farnesiana, Wall.
.

&

7o

DC.

.295

.301

frondosa, Willd.
290
glauca, DC.
.290
Hooperiana, Zippel. 296
indica, Desv.
.292
.
.

Intsia, Willd.
intsioides,

DC.

297

.297

Jacquemontei, Bth.
Julibrissin, Willd.

293
300
296

2tf2

Latronum, Willd.

294

Lebbek, Willd.

.298

Ml

296
290
leucophlaea, Willd.
294
megaladena, Desv.
297
melanoxylon, K. Br. 292
microcephala, Gr.
294
modesta Wall.
296

301

arabica, Willd.
Arar, Ham.

175
lib
175
175

ferruginea,

foliolosa, Grrah.

298
293
297
294
298
290
297
298
293
298
290
295
294
295
295
294
295
288
296
298
288
292
294
296
293
299
292
293

Ham.
leucocephala, DC.

lenticularis,

Wall.
.300
myriophylla, Gfrah. 301
Nemu, Willd.
300
nitida, Willd.
303
odoratissima, Willd. 299
oxyphylla, Grrah.
297
paludosa, Miq.
.297
pennata, Willd.
.297
pinnata, D.
G. .297
planifrons, W. # A. 293
pluricapitata, Steud. 298
polyacantha, Willd. 295
polycephala, Grah. . 298
prensans, Lowe
V 297
procera, Willd.
299
pseudo-mtsia, Miq.
297
Eoxburghii, W.
A. 293
mollis,

&

&

rugata,

Ham.

rupestris, Stocks

Senegal, Willd.
Sirissa,

Ham.

DC.
Suma, Kurz

stipulata,

.
.

297
295
295
298
300

.294

Page

Sundra, DC.
Sundra, Wall.
tomentella, Zipp.
tomentosa, Willd.
umbraculata, Wall..
vera, Willd.
.

"295

294
298
294
296
293
VereJc, Guill. & Pers. 295
Wallichiana, DC.
295
Wightii, Baker
298
Acacieje
61
Acanthopanax, Dene fy
Planch.
726
aculeatum, Seem.
726
sepium, Seem.
726
.

Acmena parviflora,

DC
zeylanica, Thwaites

Acrocarpus, W.

A.

485
485
292

combretiflorus,

Teysm.

&

fraxinifolius,

Acronema, Hf.
tenerum,

Binnen 292
Wight 292

&

T.

Edgw.

Actinostemma, Griff.
tenerum, Griff.
.

Adambea

6J3
633

glabra,

Lamk
Adamia

686

.686

577

chinensis,

Gardn.

& Champ.

cyanea, Wall.

Fortune
Adenanthera, Linn.
acuieata, Roxb.
versicolor,

bicolor,

Moon

pavonina, Linn.

406

406
406
287
288

.287

287

Mchmandra conocarpa,
Dalz.

&

Gibs.

deltoidea, Arn.

Arn.
indica, Arn.
rostrata, Arn.
velutina, D. & G.
epigata,

628
626

.628
.626
.

627

.628

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

'50

Page
zeylanica, Thwaites. 629

vRschynomene, Linn.
aspera, TAnn.
aspera, Wall.
bispinosa, Jacq.
cannabina. Retz.

diffusa,

diffusa,

Willd.

grandiflora, Linn.
.

151

152

.151
.115
.

Roxb.

indica* Linn.

115

.115
.151
115

.151

114
indka, BdrjJi.
.162
indica, Hadek.
lo2
indica, Wall.
kashmiriana, Camb. 151
115
procumbens, Roxb.
.151
pumila, Linn.
Boxburghii, Spreng. 151
.114
Scsban, Linn.

115
A. 152
152
.

viscidula, Willd.

151

Afzelia, Smith .
A. Gray.
1 iiuga,

271
274

-To
palembanica, baker 27
?coriaeca, Baker,

retusa, Kurz.

.274

Seem. 738

elatum, Seem. 728

glaucum, Seem.

.728

Seem.
racemosum, Seem.
rostratum, Seem.
tomentosum, Seem.
jioribunda,
Aganope
Griffithii,

728
729
729
728

Baker

procera, Benth.

stipulata, Boiv.

umbrosa, Benth.
Wightii, Grah.
Alchemilla, Linn.
ceylanica,
indica,

.301

Moon Cat.

Gardn.

Agelsea, Soland.
vestita,

H.f.

Wallichii, H.

747
46
46
47

.361
Agrimonia, Linn.
Eupatorium, Linn. 361
.

362
Eupatorium, Thw.
.361
javanka, Miq.
.361
lanata, Wall.
361
nepalensis, Don.
361
pilosa, Ledeb.
361
viscidula, Bunge.
.

zeylanica,

Moon

.362

....

AizoiDEiB
Aizoon. Linn.

...

canariense, Linn.

Alangium, LamJc.

658
659
659
741

360

napaulensium, DC.
Allomorphia, Blume.

Blume

Griffithii, H.f.
hispida, Kurz.

145
145
145
527

527

.527

664
Alsomitra, Bth. # Hk.f. 634
clavigera, H.f.
634
sarcophylla, H.f.
634
Altingia, Noronhm
429
excelsa, Noronha
429
.

Alysicarpus, Neck.
belgaumensis, Wt

DC
obovalis,

Edgew.

157
160

158
159
172

parviflorus, Dalz.

Wall.
.159
.
pubescens, Lavj
.160
quadrangular^, Edg. 159
racemostts, Benth.
160
rotundifolius, Dalz. 172
rotundifolius, Wt.
157
Bubibarna,
Wall.
157, 158

pilifer,

rugosus,

DC.

.159

Grah.
spicatus, Royle
scariosus,

159

.159

DC.

159
159
tetragonolobus, Edg. 159
trifoliatus, Stocks.
158
.

'

DC.

varius, Wall.

Burm.

nummularifolius,

425
425
425

umbellulata, H.f.
527
Allozygia cernua, Nd. 526
Alsine,

A.

vaginalis,

.527
.

158,
lupulinus, Stocks.
monilifer, DC. .
.157

361
361

.145

mannifera, Desv.

maurorum, Desv.

exigua,

Rich

W.

styracifolius, Wall.

Hochstetteri, A.

styracifolius,

vulgaris,

& A.

360
361
361

Alhagi, Desv.

Bl

Agathisanthes Javanica.

299
299
300
298
300
302

Smithiana, Wall.
speciosa, Willd.

W.

Heyneanus,

ludens, Wall.

(nellanellyrenza
renga) Grah.
.301
odoratissima, Benth. 299

Harnieri, Schweinf.
heterophyllus. Bth.

159
159
158
157
158
158
159
1 59
159
159
159

hamosus, Edgew.

longifolius,

pedicellata,

Edgew.

299
marginata, Ham.
300
micrantha, Boiv.
299
myriophylla, Benth. 300

Thwaites
vulgaris, Weight
Aldrovanda, Linn.
vertkillata, Roxb.
vesiculosa, Linn.

gracilis,

248
Agasta asiatica, Miers. 507
507
indka, Miers.
507
splendida, Miers.
Dsv.
115
Agati grandiflora,
.

.299
.298

vulgaris, Linn.

Miq

Meyer

glumaceus, Wall.

lophantha

bupleurifolius, "Wall. 159

diversifolius, Wall. . 158

DC.

158
Roxb. 159

bupleurifolius,

glaber, E.

Page

DC.

bupleurifolius,

741
741
sundanum, Kurz
741
tomentosum, Lamk. 741
Albizzia affinis, Fourn. 301
amara, Boivin.
.301
glomeriflora, Kurz
300
Julibrissin, Durazz. 300
latifolia, Boivin
298
Lebbek, Benth.
298
lebekkoides, Benth.
299

lucida, Benth.

W. &

cesculifolium,

Lamk. 741

hexapetalurn,

trachyloba, Miq.

Agalma

glandulosum,

Lamarekii, Thw.
latifolium, Miq.

lomatocarpa,

742
Thw. 742

ebenaceuni, Griff.

tpinulosa, Roxb.
surattensis,

Page
decapetalum, Lamk. 741

.158

vaginalis, Wall.

Wallkhii,W.&A.
Ameletia

159

Jioribunda,

Wight

....

indka, DC.

rotundifolia, D.
tenuis, Wight.

Amerimmcm

&

567
566
G. 567

.567

fascicula-

tum, Hamilt.
obovatum, Hamilt.
pallidum, Hamilt.
secundum, Hamilt.
Amherstia, Wall.
.

nobilis, Wall.

Amhebstie^e

Ammanella

159

.159

.109
.

246
108
247

.272
.272

...

61

linearis,

Miq

570

subrotunda, Wall.

Ammannieae
Ammannia, Linn.
.

acutidens, Miq.

571

.565

566
566

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS,

Page
auriculata, Willd.
baccifera, Linn.

eordata, W.
dibilis, Ait.

<f

570
569
570

A.

.569

Miq.
densiflora, Roth.

569
568
dentelloides. Kurz
568
569
egyptiaca, Willd.
566
elongata, Blume.
569
fimbriata, Wight.
floribunda, C. B. C. 567
569
glauca, Wall.
569
hexandra, Wall.
569
Heyneana, Wall.
569
indica, Lam.
lanceolata, Heyne
570
latifolia, Wall. 566, 567
densiflora,

571
microcarpa, DC.
.
microcarpa, Roxb.
571
multiflora, Roxb.
570
nana, Roxb.
566, 568
.569
nana, Wall
571
""octandra, Linn.f.
pentandra, Roxb.
568
566
peploides, Spreng.
566
polystachya, Wall.
568
pygmsea, Kurz.
.

repens, Rottl.

.566

566
567
566
568
rubra, Ham.
569
salicifolia, Monti
salicifolia, Monti
570
Thwaites
salicifolia,
570
senegalensis, Lamk. 570

Ritchiei, C. B. Clarke

Rotala, F. Muell.
rotundi folia, Ham.
.

Kurz

subspicata, Benth.

.568

567
subspicata, Hb. Hoh. 568
tenuis, C. B. Clarke 567
569
verticillata, Boiss.
569
verticillata, Lamk.
verticillata, W. & A. 570
569
vesicatoria, Roxb.
Wallichii, Kurz.
572
.

Ammi

copticum, Boiss.

humilis,

Edgw.

peraica, Linn.

20

20
31

62
62
62

Anauxanopetalum
Schwenkii, Teysm.
& Binnen
27

...

Andersonia acuminata,
.

Griffithii,#./.
Helferi, H.f.

451

450
451

695
graveolens, Linn.
709
Panmorium, Roxb. 695
Sowa, Roxb.
709
685
trifoliatum, Roxb.
Angelica, Linn.
.
.706
Archangelica, Linn. 707
glauca, Edgw.
706
Cando/lii, Wall.
700
Anictoclea Grahamiana, Nimmo
657
.

Anisophyllea, Br.

.441

disticha, Hook.

442

zeylanica, Benth.

Anisophtlleje

Anogeissus, Wall.
acuminata, Wall.
hirta,

Wall.

WaU.

.435
.

450
450

.450
450
451

myrtifolia, Wall.

pendula, Edgw.

.451

693
682
665

.313
.

313

.314
.313

phillyresefolia, Heurck
4-

Muell.

.451

Anplectrum, A. Gray
annulatum, Triana
assamicum, C. B. C.
barbatum, Triana
cyanocarpum, Kurz.
divaricatum, Triana
glaucum, Triana
pollens, Blume.

545
546
546
546
545
546
545
545
parviflorum, Benth. 528
.

Griff.

....

551

Arachisfruticosa, Eetz. 148

hypogcea
.161
Aralia, Linn.
.721
armata, Seem.
.723
bipinnatifida, C. B.
Clarke
.
.722
cachemirica, Dene.
722
.

cissifolia, Griff.

digitata,

Roxb.

disperma, Bl.

722
729

.738

Seem.

723
737
latifolia, W. & A.
727
Tnaerophylla, Lindl. 722
malabarica, Bedd.
722
palmata, Lour.
.736
parasitica, Ham.
724
Pseudo-ginseng, Bth. 721
Thomsonii, Seem.
723
Araliace^e
.720
Araliad, H. f.& T. 722, 723,
724,726,728,729,730,
732, 733, 734, 735, 736
737, 738, 739, 740
Araliadium, Miq.
725
pinnatifidum, Miq.
726
Arameje
720
Araliopsis andamanica,
Kurz
735
Archangelica, Hoffm. 707
decurrens, Ledeb.
707
officinalis, Hoff.
707
Arcyphyllum, Elliott
226
Argyrolobium, Eckl. $
Zeyl
63
divaricatum, J. & Sp.
63
flaccidum, J. $ Sp.
63
Kotschyi, Boiss.
64
glomerulata, Bl.

442
442
442

low
Griffithii, Oliv.

foliolosa,

Linn

441
.

248
529
529
529

Anethum Fozniculum,

Gard

Anthriscus, Hoffm.
692
nemorosa, Spreng.
692
Anthyllis cuneata, Dum. 142
Apios, Moznch.
.188
carnea, Benth.
1 88
Apium, Linn.
678
graveolens, Linn.
679
involucratum, Roxb. 682
Apteuxis trinervis,

Herb. Rottl.
altissima, Hb. Madr.
lanceolata, Hb. Rottl.
Andira Horsfieldii,
Leseh
Anerincleistus, Korth
.

Page
Anstrutheria zeylanica,

169

collinus,

Wall.
communis, Linn.

Lamk.

occidentale, Linn. .
officinarum, Gaertn.
Anagyris barbata, Grah.
indica, Lindl.
.
nepalensis, Grah.
,
Anarthrosyne eordata,

Amphicarpaea, Elliott. 181

Edgeworthii, Benth. 181
ferruginea, Benth. . 182

Amygdalus

latifolium,

latifolia,

....

Ammineje

daucifolium,

Wall

Page

Anacardiace^e
Anacardium, Rottb.

grandifolia, G. Hens-

simpliciuscula,

751

'

ornithipodioides, J.

&

Sp
roseum, J. $ Sp.
Aria Kumaonensis,

Dene
lanata, Dene.

64
64

375
.

.375

ArUlariarobusta,Kurz. 252
Arthropbyllum, Blume. 733

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

752

Page

alternifolwm, Main-

gay

Blumeanum,

Zoll.

&

Mor

734
diversifcliuni, Blume. 733
ellipticum. Blume.
734
javanicum, Blume.
734
ovalifolium, Jungh. 734
pinnatum, C. B. C. 734
pinnatum, Maingay 734
Arthrosprion stipula300
tum, Hassk.
Arthrostemma panicu525
latum, Don.
Aspalathus cuneata,
142
Don
94
indicus, Linn.
.

Ham.

Aruncus, L.

Astilbe,

chinenis,

....

Dene.
rubra,

.389
.389

Ham.

H.f.

389

&

japonica, Morr.
rivularis,

Maxim.

Ben 4 h.

.128
.119
.130

Donianus, DC.
emVli, Steud.

erpocaulis. Boiss.

Falconer!, Bunge.

floridus, Benth.

.127

frigidus,

Bunge.

Baker.
acutiflorus, Benth.

.acaulis,

Benth
Aitchisoni, Baker
alpinus, Linn.

121
121

123
119
122
136
133
121
132
.
bhotanensis, Baker 126
.

Amherstianus, Bth.
ammocryptos, Boiss.
anfractuosus, Bunge.
anomalus, Bunge.
arabicus, Ehrhenb.
bakuensis, Bunge.
.

bicuspis, Fisch.

.135

Linn. . . 66
.125
bracteozus, Kl.
cseruleus, Hort. Paris 137
Candolleanus, Boyle 132
126
carinalis, Benth.
cashmiriensis,.Bww<7. 127
chlorostachys, Lindl. 128
biflorus,

Benth.
coluteocarpus, Bdiss.

134
129
130

concretus, Benth.

131

cicerifolius, Boyle.

ciliolatus,

123
confertus, Benth.
.
contortuplieatus, L. 122

Grah.
117
Daltonianus, Bunge. 134
densiflorus, K. $ K. 125
orassicaulis,

Scottianus, Stocks

graveolens,

Ham.

hamosus, Linn.

131

.122

Hendersoni, Baker

Heydei, Baker
himalayanus, Kl.

120

.118

126
himalensis, Jacquem. 128
hippocrepidis, Benth. 119
hosackioides, Benth. 123
humifusus, Jacquem. 1 ] 9

Baker

.124

inconspicuus, Baker. 126

Jacquemontii.~B\inge. 134
.

lessertioides, Benth.

leucocephalus, Grah.

adesmisefolius,

sesbanoides, Benth.

leptocentrus, Bunge!

pyrrhotrichus,Z?0tss. 133
rhizanthus, Royle . 131
rigidulus, Benth.
123
rotundifolius, Royle 131
Royleanus, Bunge.
132

Grahamianus, Royle 134

132
120

&

scariosus,

khasianus, Benth.
kongrensis, Benth.
lasiocladus, Benth.
leptacanthus, Benth.

Stoliczkai,

130

Page
puberulus, K,
K. 128
pyenorhizus, Wall. 119

Gerardianus, Grrah. 116

Govanianus, Grah. 128
gracilipes, Benth.
122

Junghuhn 389
Kurz
389
Thunbergii, Maxim. 389
.118
Astragalus, Linn.
speciosa,

122
120

hypoglottoides,

389
389

.389

T.

Page
distans,

734

130
120
135
135
135
124
128
129
128
128
119
127
133
124

Baker.
Kar. &Kir.
macropterus, DC.
macrorhizus, Don.
maddenianus, Bth.
malacophyllus, Bth.
Maxwellii, Royle.
medullars, Boiss.
131
melanostachys, Bth. 125
microphyllus, Jacq. 134
minuius, Boiss.
122
missourensis, Camb. 118
Moorcroftianus,W"dU. 249
multiceps, Wall.
134
Munroi, Benth.
128
mutabilis, Jacquem. 125
nivalis, Kar. $ Kir. 136
nubigenus, Don.
117
ophiocarpus, Benth. 122
oplites, Benth.
134
oxyodon, Baker
125
peduncularis, Royle 136
podocarpus, Grah.
130
polycanthus, Royle 134
polycanthus, Wall. 116
prolixus, Sieber
121
.
psilocentrus, Fisch.
134
longicaulis,
longipes,

Benth.
scorpiurus, Bunge.

134
119
131
121

sikkimensis, Benth. 126

Stewartii, Baker
129
stipulatus, D. Don. 131
.

stipulatus,

Jacquem. 131

strictus, Grah.

M.

subulatus,

.124

Royle

strobiliferus,

135

Bieb. 136

subumbellatus, Kl. 119

126

tenuicaulis, Benth.
temtispinus, Bunge.

134
Thomsonianus, Bth. 136
tibetanus, Benth.
124
tribulifolius, Benth. 120
tribuloides, Delile
122
trichocarpus, Grah. 121
vesiculosus, Jacquem. 138
vicioides, Grah.
.131
vicioides, Led.
.128
Webbianus, Grah.
132
xiphocarpus, Benth. 129
zanskarensis, Benth. 134
Astranthus foetida,
.

Wall
Astronia,

598

Blume

smilacifolia,

.550

Triana 550

Astbonieje
.513
Astronium insigne, Marchand
30
Astropetalum, Griff. 26, 27
.

....

Athamanta

achilleifo-

Wall.
.
AJowan, Wall.
anethifolia, Wall.
lia,

Don.
diffusa, Wall.
gigantea, Don.
depressa,

.684
.682
.

683

.701

693
720
682
720

Roxburghiana,Wall.
teres, Don.
Atylosia, W. $ A.
.212
albicans, Benth. .,
215
barbata, Baker
.216
candicans, Kurz.
222
Candollei, W.$ A.
212
.

Benth.
elongata, Benth.

circinalis,

geminiflora, Dalz.
glandulosa, Dalz.

219
215
212
213

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
goensis. Dalz.

grandiflora, Benth.

kulnensis, Dalz.
Lawii, Wight.
lineata, W. $ A.
major, W.
A.
mollis, Benth.
nivea, Benth.
platycarpa, Benth.
punctata, Dalz.
.

&

rostrata,

rugosa,

Baker

W.$ A..

.216
.

214

.214
.213
.213
.212
.213
.214
.

216

.218
.216
.215
215

sc^rabaeoides, Bth.

sericea, Benth.

.213

Axonotechium trianthe.

chinensis, Gaertn.

Cumingiana, Sch.
frutescens, Linn.
Balanssea Fontanesii,

Boiss # Rent.
Baptisia nepalensis,

Miq.
asiatica, Kurz.
augusta, Kurz.
ceylanica, Gardn.
alba,

conoidea, Griff.
cylin drostackya,

661

444
463
463
463
463

508
508
507

.507

....
.

II.

acida,.~Re'mw.

acuminata, Linn.
anguina, Roxb.
Benthami, Bedd.
bidentata, Jack.

Blancoi, Baker
brachycarpa, Wall.
bracteata, Grah.
.

509
508
508

spicata,

281

Champ.

281

Heyne
piperifolia, Eoxb.

285
283

276

racemosa, Lam. ,
racemosa, Vahl.
reniformis, Royle
.

Ham

retusa,

Kurz.
rufa, Grah.
rosea,

.276
.

279
277
279
280

.280

Finlaysoniana,

649

Wall
floccifera,

61

flaccidissima,

645
654
647
652
646
Cathcartii, H.f.
concanensis, A. DC. 653
cordifolia, Thwaites 641
crenata, Dryand.
651
deli cat nla, Pariah
652
dipetala, Grah,
655
Dux, C. B. Clarke .637
echinata, Eoyle
638
elongata, Wall.
650
episcopalis, C. B. C. 644
erosa, Wall.
638, 642
638
Evansiana, Andr.
BO.
fallax, A.
643
fibrosa, C. B. Clarke 652

283
285
polycarpa, Wall.
276
Pottsii, G. Don.
283
purpurea, Linn.
284
purpurea, DC.
277
purpurea, Wall. 276, 284
phcenicea,

Brandisiana, Kurz.
brevicaulis, A. DC.
oanarana, Miq.

.283

.281

parvifolia, Teysm.

nervosa, Wall. .
ornata, Kurz.
.
parviflora, Vahl.

Bowringiana,

monandra, Z"wr^.

284
282
280
275
276
276
275
277
284
277
279
284
280

635
alaecida, C. B. Clarke 637
albo-coccinea, Hook. 654
amoena, Wall.
642
andamensis, Parish. 650
Arnottiana, A. DC
641
646
barbata, Wall.
barbata, Wall.
645

....

Begonia, Linn.

Dalz.
glabrifolia, j5a^er
glauca, Wall.

tomentosa, Linn.
tomentosa, Wall.

Bauhinie^e

278
279
283
278
277

timoriensis, Dene.

Kcemg

emarginata, Jac&.
emarginata, Wall.
ferruginea, Roxb.
Finlavsoniana, 6rraA.

.283

unguiculata, Baker
Vahlii, TV. $ A.
variegata, Linn.
velutina, Wall.

Binnind.

Eoxb.

triandra, Eoxb.

speciosa,

277

seandens, Eoxb.
semibifida, Roxb.

.279
.278

macrostaehya, Wall. 281

malabarica, Roxb. .277
mollissima, Wall.
281

YOL.

Bauhinia, Linn.

Lam.

ruHcarpa, Desv.
scandens, Linn.

273
275
277
276
284
283

62
506

509
Helferi, O. 5. CWe 509
inclyta, Miers
507
macrophylla, Miq.
507
macrostaehya, Kurz. 509
pterocarpa, ^Twr^
509
pubescens, Miers
509
racemosa, Thwaites. 508
raceriwaa, Blurae
507
rigida, C. B. Clarke 510
rubra, Miers
.
507
Griff.

Vahl

.691

rufescens,

Batschia laurifolia,

282
integrifolia, Roxb.
279
involucellata, Kurz. 282
khasiana, Baker.
281
Lawii, Benth.
277
Zttdtda, Wall.
278, 285

? foveolata,

Hook
Barringtonia, Forst.
acutangula, Gcertn.
alata, Wall.
.

Badamia Commersoni,
.

507
509
507
507

elongata, Korthals

speciosa, Wall.

Gaertn
Baeckea, tra.

moides, Fenzl.

Page
rubra, Miq.
.
sarcostachys, Miq.
speciosa, Forst.

276
282
Buchanani, Desv.
278
Candida, Ait.
276
Candida, Eoxb.
284
cordifolia, Eoxb.
278
cornifolia, Baker
278
coromandeliana, DC. 284
diphylla, Hamilt.
278
di verge ns, Baker
282

subrhombea, Miq.
218
villosa, Benth.
.214
Aubletia caseolaris,
Gaertn
580
Aucuba, Thunb.
.
747
himalaica, H.f.
747
Aulacospermum simplex, Ost.& Kuss. 705
Axinandra, Thwaites
581
Beccariana, Baill.
581
Maingayai, C. 5. C. 581
zeylanica, Thwaites
581

753

Kurz. 651

Bedd.
gemmipara. H.f.

gigantea, Wall.
gigantea, Wall.

654
641
643

.636

648
Grahamianayfighb. 654
647
Griffithii, Hook.
648
guttata, Wall.
650
guttata, Wall.
655
hydrophila. Miq.
inflata, C. B. Clarke 636
648
integrifolia, Dalz.
goniotis, C. B. C.

3c

INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

754

Page

Page

DC.

Josephi, A.
Josephi, A. DC.
khasiana, C. B. C.
.

laciniata, Roxb.

639
639
656
645
640
655
635
646

Lobbiana, A. DC.
malabarica, Lamk. .
malabarica, Roxb.
malabarica, Wall. .
martabanica, A. DC. 651
megaptera, A. DC. . 646
.

.651
minima, Bedd.
modestiflora, Kurz. 640
.

B. Clarke .
nemophila, Kurz
nivea, Parish
C.

Thunb.

DC.
Kurz

ovatifolia, A.

paleaeea,
?

palmata, Don.

643
646
654
638
642
650

.645
.651

Parishii, C. B. C.

parviflora, Wall.
parvuliflora, A. DC.
pedunculosa, Wall.
pedunculesa, Wall.
.

.
picta, Sm.
procridi folia, Wall.
prolifera, A. DC.
.

640
640
639
656

.638

648
649
647
Rex, Putzeys
Roxburghii, A. DC. 635
652
rubella, Miq.
642
rubella, Wall.
645
rubro-venia, Hook.
.

sandalifolia, C. B.

Clarke

.649
.638

B. C. 636
sinensis, A. DC.
638
650
sinuata, Wall.
642
subovata, Wall.
subpeltata, Wight. .653
subperfoliata, Par. . 643
subrotunda, Wall.
650
silhetensis, C.

surculigera, Kurz.

Don.

tenera, Dryand.
tenuifolia,

Dryand.

640
642
652
656

tessaricarpa, C. B.

Clarke
Thomsonii, A.

.636

DC.

Thwaitesii, Hook.
trichocarpa, Dalz.
tricuspidata, C. B.

Clarke
triradiata,

C.

B.

649
Wallichiana, A. DC. 655
654
Wightiana, Wall.
644
xanthina, Hook.
63n
Begoniaceje
verticillata,

Hook.

Benincasa, Savi.
cerifera, Savi.

.616
.616

Lindl
Bianccea mimosoides,

745

....

sappan, Todaro

scandens, Todaro
Biforis benghalensis,

256

256

696
696

647

.652
.

653

....

399

596
dasyantha, Turcz.
597
fcetida, Wall.
597
macrostachya,TuYCz. 596
nepalensis, Wall.
596
propingua, Wall.
597
spiralis, Wall. 596; 597
spiralis, Wall.
.596
tetrandra, Wight.
597
tomentosa, Vent.
596
Zeylanica, Grardn.
597
Blastus, Lour.
.
528
.

C.

637

528

Blepharistemma,
Wall
corymbosum, Wall.

Botryolotus cachemyrianus, Jaub.

.
Bouea, Meissn.
.
.

Brandisiana, Kurz.
burmanica, Griff. ,
diversifolia, Miq.
.

gandaria, Blume
macrophylla, Griff.
microphylla, Griff.
myrsinoides, Blume.
oppositifolia, Meissn.
.

Brachypterum Benthami, Thwaites

canarense, D. & G-.
elegans, Thwaites
robustum, D. & G.
scandens, D. & G.

Clarke

B. C.
736
Hainla, Seem.
735
hispida, Seem.
.736
Hookeri,
B. C. . 737
mitis, C. B. Clarke
736
palmata, Kurz
.735
simplicifolia, C. B.
Clarke
735
speciosa, Dene. <$f PI. 737
Bruguiera. Lam.
.437
caryophylloides,
Griffithii, C.

....

Blume

438

W.

A. 438

gymnorhiza, Lamk.

DC.

....

437

452
438
parietosa, Griff.
438
parvi flora, W. A. 438
Rheedii, Miq.
437
Rumphii, Blume.
438
Wightii. Bl.
437
Bryonia, Linn.
622
alcece/olia, Hb. Rottl. 621
althceioides, DC.
623
amplexicaulis, Lamk. 625
callosa, Hb. Rottl. 619
cheirophylla, Wall.
614
cissoides, Wall.
624
cochinchinense, Lour. 611
deltoidea, Am.
626
epigaa, Rottler
628
malabarica,

Am.

Lour

.637

confluens, Seem. 732, 735

floribunda, Seem.
737

madagascariensis,

Wall

Brassaia, Endl.
capitata, C. 2?.>

735
.

eriopetala,

Blackwellia acuminata,

Planch

aculeata, Seem.
.738
alpina, C. B. Clarke 736

Bistella geminiflora,
Delile

.255

Wall
glauca, Wall.

Page
Brassaiopsis, Dene.

Benthamia fragifera,

cochinchinensis,

Satrapis, C. B. C.
642
scutata, Wall.
.
.
639
scutata, Wall.
sikkimensis, A. DC. 646

tenella,

velutina,

Hb. Madr. 655

640
Parish

Todaro

moulraeinensis,

obliqua,

tuberosa,

....

441
441

jilwaulis, Wall.

88
20

? filiformis,

21
2.1

gracilis,

242
248
240
241

240
732

.627

Roxb.

Garcini, DC.
glabra, Roxb.

21
21
21
21
21
21

Wall. .
grandis, Linn.
.
grandis, Wall.
heterophylla, Wall.
.

629

Hookeriana,W.&A. 624
622
623
625
624
623
624
625
odorata, Ham.
626
Wall.
626
odorata,
Wall.
oxyphylla,
624
?
palmata, Wall. 607, 621
laciniosa, Linn.
leiosperma,W. & A.
maderaspatana, DC.
mucronata, Blume
mysorensis, Miq.
mysorensis, Wall. .
nepalensis, Seringe
.

732

624

.630
.628
.623
.621
.617

TNDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Page
? pedunciclosa, Ser.

Perrottetiana, Ser.

pilosa,

Eoxb.

Blume

Rheedii,

.625

rostrata, Eottler

Blume

sagittata,

scabrella, Linn.

f.

sinuata, Wall.
simiosa, Wall.

613
627
627

627
625
623
628
625

tenella,

Roxb.

.626

triflora,

Wall.

626

611

tubifiora,

W.

& A.

umbellata, Klein
umbellata, Wall.
Wightiana, Wall.

625
609
623

Bryonopsis courtallen-

Am

623
erythrocarpa, Naud. 623
623
laciniosa, H. f.
Bryophyllum, Salisb. 413
calycinum, Salisb. . 413
413
pinnatum, Kurz
22
Buchanania, Roxb.
24
acuminata, Turcz.
24
acuminata Wall.
23
angustifolia, Roxb.
sis,

anriculata, Blume
glabra, Wall.
intermedia, Wight
lanceolata, Wight
.

Roxb.
Roxb.

lancifolia,
latifolia,

.
.

41

24
24
24

16

429
populifoliaH..l&T. 429
429
populnea, Br.
Bunium aromaticum,
Linn
682
Bulbocastanumy
Linn
681
Bupleurum, Linn.
674
baldense, Boiss.
676
.

distichophyllum,
W.$ A. .

W.

ramosissimum,

&A

570

Edgw.

Schmidt

.675
.

B.

C.

677

falcatum, Linn.
.676
falcatum, D. & G.
676
Jlexuosum, Wall.
677
gracillimum, Kl.
676
heterophyllum, Jac.

675

678

.677

C.

675

trichopodum, Boiss.
Sprun.
.678
virgatum, W.
A.
676
virgatum, Wall.
676

&

&

Bursinopetalum
reurn,

Wt.

arbo.

tetrandum, Wt.
Butea, Roxb.
acuminata, Wall.
frondosa, Roxb.
frondosa, Wall. .
gyrocarpa, Wall.
minor, Ham.

.194

Roxb.

sericophylla, Wall.

superba, Roxb.
capnoides,
.

194

.194
.195
.

193

.195
.

193
193

.195

Butinia

elata,

Schwartz

.
.

enneaphylla, Roxb.
ferox, Hassk.
.

ferox,

Hohen.

258
257
256
260
258
256

.261
.257

ferruginea, Miq.

Finlaysoniana,Grdh. 257
flavicans, Grah.

furfuracea, Wall.

.
.

256
258
257
256

Miq.
horrida, Wall.
.256
hymenocarpa, Wall. 2A9
inermis, Roxb.
.257

gracilis,

japonica,

&

Sieb.

libanotica, Boiss.

691
673

Butonica alata, Miers. 508

alba, Miers.
507
ceylanica, Miers.
508
racemosa, Miers.
509
.

256
259
microphylla, Ham.
257
mimosoides, Lam.
256
mimosoides, Heyne
261
Nuga, Ait.
255
oleosperma, Roxb.
256
paniculata, Roxb.
255
pulcherrima, Swtz. 255
resupinata, Roxb.
256
Sappan, Linn.
255
scandens, Kcenig.
.
255
sepiaria, Roxb.
256
sepiaria, Wall.
258
lacerans,

Roxb.

Simora,

.256

Ham.

stcmatrana, Roxb.

sumatrana, Wall.
tortuosa, Roxb.
tortuosa, Wall.
C^esalpinieje

...

Cajanes:
Cajanus,

Dene

dasyrachis, Miq.
digyna, Rottl.

745
745

parvijlora,

Miq. 256
256

Thunb.
Roxb.

crista,

cucullata,

Zucc

Don

.677

DC.

albicans, Grah.
bicolor,

DC.

Wall.
candicans, Wall.
bicolor,

flavus,

DC.

259
255
257
257
60
60

.217
.215
.217
.217

.217

222

glandulosus, D.&G. 213

goensis, Dalz.
.216
indicus, Spreng. 7 .217
kulnensis, Dalz.
.214
.

Cacteje

diversifolium, Roche 675

Candollii, Wall.
674
.

quem

674
ramosissima, W. $ A. 676

Thomsoni,

....

Wight

cinclidocarpa,

Glenniei, Thwaites

plantaginifolium,

Kurz
Blume
macrophylla, Blume
palembanica, Blume
sessili^olia, Blume

tenue,

laxiflora,

Bucklandia, Br.

setaceum, Fenzl.

23
24
24
24
23
24
23

677
676

675
lanceolatum, Wall. 674
longicaule, Wall.
677
Maddeni, C. B. C.
678
marginata, Wall.
676
mucronatum,
W.
4- A
676
nervosum, Moon Cat. 676
mgroc&rpa,, Jacqttem. 676

lucida,

subobovata, Griff.
zeylanica, Blume

jucundum, Kurz

sachinalense, F.

41

imaicolum, A. Ker676
ner

rupestre,

himalensis, Kl.
Hoffmeisteri, Kl.

755

657
Cacoucia lucida,HsLSsk. 454
? trifoliata, DC.
451
GV~:>J}.i:!:.>. Linn.
254
arborea, Miq.
.257
armata, Grah.
256
? axillaris, DC.
258
bijuga, Wall.
.255
Bonduc, Roxb.
255
Bonducella, Fleming 254
.

Grah.
.213
nvvens, Grah.
.214
scarabceoides, Thou. 215
suaveolens. Grah.
222
Wiyhtianus, Grah.
21
Calliandra, Benth.
302
cynometroides, Bedd. 306
Griffithii, Benth.
302
lineatus,

3 c 2

..

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

756

Page

Page

umbrosa, Benth.
Callitriche, Linn.

stagnalis, Scop.

verna, Linn.

Wighiiana, Wall.
Calpurnia, E. Meyer
aurea, Baker
Calycopteris, Lamk.
floribunda, Lamk.
nutans, Kurz.
.
.

302
434
434
434
434
251
251
449

449
449

Ham.

crassicaulis,

499

nubigena, Bunge
polyacantha, Boyle

pygmsea, DC.

Jarnbolana, Willd.
mangiferifolia,

....

Hance

Ham.

obtusifolia,

Wight
pyrifolia, Blume
oleina,

Tatna,
tenuis,

Ham.
Ham.

W. &

A.
Campnosperma, Thw.
auriculata, H.f.
Cambessedea,

Griffithii,

Marchand

macrophylla, H.f.
zeylanicum, Thw.

Carallia, Boxb.

DC

Kurz
erisiformis, DC.
gladiata, DC.
grandis, Kurz
incurva', DC.

dolichoides,

DC.

lineata,

Loureirii, G.
lucens,

Kurz

mollis, Wall.

Don
.

DC.
DC.
rutilavs, DC.

obtusifolia,

rosea,

D. & G.
turgida, Grah.
virosa, W. & A.
Stocksii,

Cantharospermum
bicans,

W. &

A.

pauciflorum,

W. & A

Miq
.

Am.

Blume

corymbosa, Arn.
integerrima, DC.
lancesefolia, Boxb.
.

lanceolaria, Wall.

Kurz

lucida,

Koxb.

498

octopetala, F. Muell.

481
483
487
408
500

sinensis,

21

40
41
41
41
41

195
207
195
195
204
196
196
196
207
196
196
196
196
196
196
196

Arn.

Blume
Blume

symmetrica,
timorensis,

Careya, Boxb.
arborea, Boxb.
herbaeea, Boxb.
macrostachya, Jack
.

orbiculata, Miers

pendula, Griff.
sphserica, Boxb.
Carica Papaya, L.
Carpopogon angui-

neum, Koxb.
atropurpureum,
Roxb.
.

185

186
187
187
giganteum, Roxb.
186
imbricatum, Roxb.
185
monospermum,Hox.b i85
niveum, Roxb.
188
pruriens, Roxb.
187
Carum, Linn.
680
anethifolium, Benth 683
Bulbocastanum,
G.Koch
681
Carui, Linn.
680
copticum, Benth.
682
.

bracteatum, Roxb.
capitatum, Roxb.

diversifolium,

215
216
216
215

Canthium glomeratum
Caragana, Lam.

Thwaites

lucida,

al-

Eoyle
nervosum, Eoyle
distans,

confinis,

499

Bunge 143

Canipylotropis,

Canavalia,

spinosissima, Benth.

ceylanica,

Moon 491,493
498
costata, Ham.
cuheata, Ham.
498
Dauca, Ham.
500
grandis, Ham.
498
Jambolana, Moon
493
.

Gerardiana, Boyle
Moorcroftiana, Bth.

calycii)a,

Benth.

cuneata, Baker

caryophyllata, Pers. 490

cordifolia,

116
116
117
117
116
249
117
116
116
116
116
439
439
439
439
439
439
439
439
439
439
439
439
439
439
510
511
510
509
511
509
511
599

versicolor, Benth.

Calyptranthes capitellata,

brevispina, Boyle
conferta, Benth.

565
115

C. B. Clarke
Falconeri, C. B.

681

C
C

683
khasianum, C. B.
682
nothum, CB. Clarke 681
Roxburghianum,
Benth.
682
stictocarpum, C. B.C. 681
.

Casearia, Jacq.

Page
691

acuminata. Wall.

595
593
Anavinga, D. & G. 598
astyla, Turcz.
595
Canziala, Ham.
593
Championii, Thw.
592
cinerea, Turcz.
594
.
coriacea, Thwaites
592
coriacea, Wall.
595
Dallichii, F. Muell. 593
elliptica, Willd.
593
esculenta, Boxb.
592
glabra, Hort. Calc.
593
glabra, Kurz.
591
glomerata, Boxb.
591
glomerata, Kurz
594
graveolens, Dalz.
592
grewiaefolia, Vent.
594
Hamiltoni, Wall.
592
Kurzii, C, B. Clarke 594
laevigata, Dalz.
592
1

albicans, Wall.

leucolepis, Turcz.

Lobbiana, Turcz.
? lucida, Wall.
.
macrocarpa, C. B.
Clarke
macrogyna, Turcz.

591

594
595

....

593
592
ovata, Roxb.
593
.
ovata, Wall.
591
paniculata, Gardn.
595
rubescens, Dalz.
593
subcuneata, Miq.
596
tomentosa, Boxb.
593
Vareca, Boxb.
593
variabilis, Blume.
594
varians, Thwaites.
592
? viridiflora, Lamk.
591
wynadensis, Bedd.
594
zeylanica, Thwaites 592
Casparya ? oligocarpa,
DC
635
polycarpa, DC.
635
? silhetensis, A. DC. 636
Cassia, Linn.
261
Absus, Linn. . .
265
alata, Linn.
264
.
amcena, Ham
266
angustifolia, Vahl.
264
angustissima, Lam.
266
arborescens. Vahl.
265
auricoma, Grah.
266
auriculata, Linn.
263
Bacillus, Gaertn.
267
263
bicapsularis, Linn.
bracteata, Linn. f.
264
264
Burmanni, Wight
chinensis, Jacq.
262
.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
coccinea, Wall.

coromandeliana,
Jacq.
dimidiata, Roxb.
dimidiata, Klein.

esculenta, Roxb.
exigua, Eoxb.

262
266
266
262
265
265

261

fastigiata, Vahl.
Fistula, Linn.

264
262
263
262
263
265
264
263
265
263
267
266
264
266
262
266
264
266

261

florida, Vahl.

fcetida, Pers. Syn.

foetida, Salisb.

frutescens, Mill.
gallinaria, Collad.

glauca,

Lam.

herpetica, Jacq.

hirsuta, Linn.
Hcrsfieldii,

Miq.

humilis, Collad. .
Javanica, Linn.
Kleinii, W. Sf A.
lanceolata, Wall.

Wall.
marginata, Roxb.
mimosoides, Linn.
Ijeschenaidtii,

mo n tana, Heyne

myriophylla, Wall.
nodosa, Ham.
obovata, Collad.

265

264
264
obtusifolia, Linn.
263
occidentalis, Linn.
262
palmata, Wall.
265
prostrata, Roxb.
266
pumila, Lam.
266
purpurea, Roxb.
263
purpurea, Bot. Reg. 263
renigera, Wall.
262
rhombifolia, Roxb.
261
Roxburghiana, Grah 266
Roxburghii, DC.
262
Senna, Linn.
264
sensitiva, Roxb.
266
setigera, DC.
265
Siamea, Lam.
264
Sophera, Linn.
262
Sophera, Wall.
262
speciosa, Roxb.
265
suffruticosa, Kwnig 265
sujfruticosa, Wall.
265
sumatrana, Roxb.
264
surattensis, Burm.
365
Telfairiana, Wall.
266
tenella, Roxb.
266
timoriensis, DC.
263
tomentosa, Linn.
263
Tora, Linn.
263
toroides, Roxb.
263
obtusa,

Roxb.

....

Gsertn. .
.
.
domestica, Ruraph.

Rumph.
sylvestris, Rumph.
litorea,

indica,

Naud.

Sckimperi, Naud.
Wightiana, Roem

Cerasiocarpum, H. f.
? Mainqayi, C. B.
Clarke
? penangense, C. B.
Clarke
zeylanicum, H.f.
Cerasus capricida,
Wall.
comuta, Wall.
glaucifolia, Wall.
integerrima, Wall.
Lindleyana, Wall.

Ham.

Puddum, Wall.

tomentosa, Wall.
midulata, Ser.
Ceratostachys arborea
.

Bl
Ceriops,

Am.

Am.

312
621
621
621
621

629
629

316
317

316
314
314
314
316

Am.

436

Cerocarpus aqueus,

Hassk.

bifaria, Colebr.

473
475

acuminatum, Lindl,
cachemiricum, C.
Clarke
capnoides, Benth.
graeillimum, Kl.
.

millefolium
reflexum, Lindl.
.

.595
.

Chry sobalanea arborescens, R. Br.

.322
Chrysobalaneje
307
Chrysobalaneus, Wall. 318
.

Chrysobalanus Icaco,

Linn
307
Chrysosplenium, Linn. 400
adoxoides, Maxim.
401
alternifolium, Linn. 400
camosulum, Maxim. 401
carnosum, H. f. $ T. 400
Griffithii, H.f.$T. 401
lanuginosum, H.f.
.

T.

.401

nepalense, Don.
.400
sulcatum, Maxim. . 400
tenellum, H.f.$ T. 401
.

Edgw.
Cicer, Linn.

.400
.176

arietinum, Linn.
176
Jacquemontii, Jaub.
& Spach.
.176
Lens, Willd. .
.
.179
microphyllum, Bth. 176
numularicefolium,
.

Lamk
66
soongaricum, Steph. 176
Cicuta, Linn.
679
virosa, Linn.
.679
.

Lamk

679

Cinclidocarpus nitidus,
Zoll.

&Mor.

alpina, Linn.

2;*

589
589
589
589

cordata, Royle.
.
intermedia, Wall.
lutetiana, Linn. .
.589
repens, Wall.
.
.589
Citrullus, Schroder.
620
Colocynthis, Schrad. 620
fistulosus, Stocks.
621
vulgaris, Schrad.
621
.
Claviinyrtus ramosissima, Blume
.480
.

septemjugum, Miq.
Chaerophyilum, Linn,.

Chcsnolobiitm decem-

jugum, Miq.

.691

Chamserhodos, Bunge. 360

sabulosa, Bunge.
360
Chesneya vaginalis,
Jaub. & Spach. .117

Circsea, Linn.

Cicutaria aquatica,

747
437
436

690

316
315

163
718
718
718
719
719

Page
villosum, Wall.
villosum, Wall.
Chcetocarpus castanocarpus, Thw.

trichospermum,

phoshia,

444
444
444
444

629

61

628

266
263

Candolleana,

Roxburghiana,

Catenaria laburni.
folia, Benth.
Caucalis, Linn.
Anthriscus, Scop. .
elata, Wall.
.
latifolia, Linn.
leptophylla, Linn. .
Celastrinea, Wall.
Celastrus racemosa,
Wall.
Cephalandra, Schrad.

Page

Wallichiana, DC.
Wightiana, Grah.
Cassieje
Catappa Benzoin,

757

253
253
690
691

B
691
691
671
671
691

Clavulium peduncu
losum, Desv.
Clitoria, Linn.
acuminata, Grah.
.

84
208
208

INDEX OF GENEKA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

758

208
209
208
(rrahami, Steud.
maerophylla, Wall. 209
mariana, Linn.
208
mexicana, Link.
208
208
pilosula, Wall.
46
Onestid&e;
.
54
Cnestis Juss.
48
acuminata, "Wall.
54
flaminea Griff.
monadelpha, Eoxb.
47
54
platantha, Griff
54
ramiflora, Griff.
49
stenopetala, Griff.
vestita, Wall.
47
Cnidium diffusum, DC. 693
Coecinia indica, W. &.
A
621
Cochlianthus, Benth.
192
gracilis, Benth.
193
Dalz.

Codariocalyx

conicios,

Hassk.
gyrans, Hassk.
gyroides, Hassk.
.

175
174
175

'

trinervia,

DC.
.

Colutea, Linn.
arborescens, Linn.
nepalensis, Linn.
.

212
217
103
103
103

Comarum 'flavum,
Roxb

Griffithii,

Muell

Hk.

unifoliatus,

igneus, Wall.

Kurz

&
457

Jackianus. Wall.
latifolius, Wall.

Maingayi, H.f.

mimosoides, Jack.
mimosoides, Vahl.

51

santaloides, Vahl.

&

Muell.
subalternans, Wall.
sudaicum, Miq.
ternatum, Wall.
tetragonocarpum

tetralophum, C. B.
Clarke
.
.
Thwaitesianwn,
Heurck
Muell.
.

459
450
453
456

455
454
458
457

454

454

453
trifoliatum, Vent.
454
undulatum. Wall.
454
virgatum, Wall.
453
Wallichii, DC.
456
Wallichii, Kurz
455
Wightianum, Thw. 458
Wightianum, Wall. 458
CONNARACE^E
46
Connarus, Linn.
50
.

50
52

51

asiaticus, Willd.

Championii, Thw.
ferrugineus, Jack.
Jloribundus, Wall.
foliolosus, Jack.
.

jpinnatus,

Lamk.

H.f.
rugosus. Wall.
Ritchiei,

semidecandrus, Jack,

Thw.

velutinus, Wall.

52
54

Wallichii, Planch.
Wightii, H.f.
.
Conocarpus acuminata,
.

Roxb
DC.

48
47
bl
55
54
53
51

450
450
223
627

Copisma, E. Meyer.
Corallocarpus, Welw.
conocarpa, H.f.
.628
.

H.f.
? etbaicus, H. f.
Fenzlii, H. f.
velutina, H.f.
Coriandrum, Linn.
epigsea,

sativum, Linn.
Coriaria, Linn.

.628
628
628

.628

.717

717

...

44
44
44
CoriariejE
Corner
740
Cornus, Linn.
744
australis, C. A. Mey. 744
brachypoda, C. A.
Mey
744
nepalensis, Wall.

....
.

&

latifolia,

53
53
49

50
47
56
53
52
52
50

49
52
53
52
54
54

49, 50, 54

oliogophyllus, Plch.
paniculatus, Boxb. .
pentandrus, Roxb. .

stenopetalum,

semi-adnatum,
Heurck & Muell.
sericeum, Wall.
spinescens, Wall.
squamosum,i?o.r6.

Kurz

456
ro tundifo Hum Roxb. 458
Boxburghii, G. Don. 458
Boxburghii, Spreng. 452
sarcopterum, Thw. 455
.

monocarpus, Linn.
monocarpus, W. & A.
monophyllus, Wall.

Heurck

359
Salessovii, Bunge,
348
Combesia abyssinioa, A
Rich.
412
COMBRETACEJE
443
ml,ivtnra, Linn.
453
453
aculeatuni, V%. t.
acuminatum, Roxb. 455
albidum, G. Don.
458
attenuatum, "Wall.
456
apetalum, Wall.
453
cbinense, Boxb.
457
eostatum, Roxb.
455
dasystaehyum,
Kurz.
457
decandrum, Boxb.
452
elegans, Wall.
454
extensum, Boxb.
458
flagrocarpum, Herb.
Calc.
455
formosum, Griff
458
.

quadrangulare,

Griffithii,

Collaa cinerascens,
Grah.
.
213
gibba, Grah.
.217 218
mollis, Grah.
.
213
.
venosa, Grah.

H.f.

fulgcns, Wall.
gibbosus, Wall.
grandis, Jack.

458
458
Harsfieldii, Miq.
insigne, Hk. & Muell 453
453
latum, Wall.
.
458
latifolium, Blume
458
laxum, Roxb.
.
lepidotum, Presl.
456
leucanthum,
Heurck & Muell. 458
lucidum, Blume.
454
macrostachyum,
Wall
458
malulaa, Wall.
456
nanum, Ham.
457
neurophyllum, ? Miq. 455
ovale, Br
459
ovalifolium, Boxb.
458
pilosum, Boxb.
458
platyphyllum,
Heurck & Muell. 458
Porterianum, Wall. 457
pyrifolium, Kurz.
453

Heyneanum, Wall.

Page

Page

Page
biflora,

cajansefolia, Benth.

capitata, Wall.

.745

maerophylla, Wall.
oblonga, Wall.
sanguinea, Linn.
.

744
744
744

Coronilla aculeata,

Willd
cannabina, Willd.
grandiflora, Willd.
Sesban, Willd. .
Cortia,
elata,

DC.
Edgw.
.

Hookeri, C. B. C.

115
115
115

.114
.701
.698
.

702

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
Lindleyii, DC.
vaginata, Edgw.

Corylopsis, 8.

Himalayana,
Coryzadenia

.701

Z.

Griff..

Griff.
.

acuminata, Dene.

DC.
affinis, Hohen.

affinis,

384
387
387

385

lanata, Hort. .
.
.387
Lindleyi, Steud.
386
.
microphylla, Wall.
387
microphylla, Lindl. 386
microphylla, Wall.
387
multiflora, Bunge. . 386
nevalensis, Hort.
385
num mularia, Fisch
.

....

Mey.

386
obtusa, Wall.
384, 385
prostrata, Baker.
386
.

rosea,

Edgw.

.385

Wall. 386

rotundifolia,

rotundifolia, Herb.
Str.

&

Wint.

Eoylei, Hort.
Simondsii, Hort.
thymifoiia, Hort.
vulgaris, Lindl.
Cotyledon, Linn.
amplexicaulis,

integrifolia,

385
385
386
387
385

.416

Heyne

415
corymbosa, Hb. Rottl. 415
heterophylla, Roxb. 415
hirsuta, Hb. Heyne. 414
laciniata, Roxb.
.415

.416
.413
Roxb. .413

acicularis,

alata, Hamilt.

albida,

.416
.416
.413

&

Sond
indica,

Heyne

.413

pharnaceoides, Fisch

&

Meyer.

Schimperi, Fisch

Meyer

.412
412

71

77
72
73
78
75
76
79
69
69
69
66

anthylloides,

Don.

anthylloides,

Lam.

Arnottiana, Benth.
assamica, Benth.
barbata, Grah.
.
.

benghalensis,
bialata,

Lamk.

Roxb.

bifaria. Linn.

Wall.
.
.
biflora, Linn.
.
biflora, Herb. Madr.
bracteata, Roxb.
.
bifaria,

Champ.

brevipes,

Browni, Reich.

Jacq.

Roxb.

cces'pitosa,

83
73
84
66
75
77
72
72
81
79

Burhia, Hamilt.
cesrtctea,

71

.
.

Burmanni, DC.

calycina, Shrank. .
Campbellii, Arn.
.
candicans, W.
A.
canescens, Wall.
.
capita ta, Benth:
.

&

cephalotes,

68
74

Hb. Madr. 73

chinensis, Linn.

Lamk.

Roxb.
clavata. W. 4' A.

73
81

disticha, Zolling

70
83
68
72
75
65
83
69
85
85
68

divaricata, Grah.

81

crassifolia,

Ham.

Grah.
cuneifolia, Schrank.
cytisoides, Roxb.
crinita,

cytisoides,

Wight

dichotoma, Roth.

Hook.
digitata, Wight.
digitata,

&

....

Lamk.

angulosa,

412

Bene

.
.

filipes,

71

./

81

Benth.

Roxb.

73
74
85

73
68
79
68
66
66

foliosa, Willd.
fulva,

...

DC.

evolvuloides, Wight
fenestrata, Bot. Mag.
ferruginea, Grah. .
filiformis, Wall.
.

.371
65
68
77
83
69

&

epunctata, Dalz.
eriantha, S.
Z.

formosa, Grah.

Ham.

Bedd.
elliptica, Roxb.
elegans,

acuminata, G. Don.
affinis,.

Page
dubia, Grah.

...

Crotalaria, L.

chinensis,

Herb.

Ham.

Skicola,

rhizophylla,

.375
.383

chinensis,

383
384

Ham
387
monogyna, Boiss.
388
Oxyacantha, Linn.
383
Pyracantha, Brand. 384
ribesim, Bertol
383

Oreades, C. B. C.
pinnata, Lamk.
spathulata, C. B.
Clarke
.
spinosa, Linn.
.
Crassula, Linn.
campestris, Harv.

385

emarginata, Hoffm. 387

frigida, Wall.

cuspidata
.
glauca, Wall.

460
384
385
387

.387

.411
.383

.383

Lindl. .
.
baeillaris, Wall. .
? buxifolia, Baker
buxifolia, Wall. .
congesta, Baker.

Clarkei, H.f.
crenulata, Roxb.

.387

affinis,

4'

Page

Crassulace^e
Crataegus, Linn.

trifoliata,

Cotoneaster, Linn.
acuminata, Lindl.

700
427
427

759

...

genistoides, Willd.

glabrescens, Benth.

globosa, W. $ A.
globulosa, Wight

.
.

Grahamiana, W.fy A.
grandiflora, Zolling
grandis, Hort.
.

76

80
82
79
66
66
85
78
80
83

Schweig
herniarioides,W.&A. 81
Heyneana, Grah.
78
herbacea,

.68

hirsuta, Willd.

Roxb.
hirsuta, Wall.
hirsuta,

hirta, Willd.
hirta,

Roth.

Hookeri, Arn.

.66

84

61

humifusa, Grah.
incana, Linn.
.
juncea, Linn.

Kurzii, Baker
laburnifolia, Linn.
labnrnoides, Kl.
.

laevigata,
latifolia,

.
.

Lamk.

lanata, Bedd.

Hort. Calc.

leioloba, Bartl.
leptostachya, Benth.
Leschenaultii, DC.
.

linearis,

Hb. Madr.

linifolia,

Linn. f.

. .

Wall.
longipes, W. $ A.
linifolia, var.

lunulata,

Heyne

lupiniflora,

70
68
70

Grah.

lutescens, Dalz.

luxurians, Benth.

83
79
75
84
84
83
77
84
68
78
76
72
72
72
76
80
76
74

81
75
macrophylla, Wm.
229
macrophylla, Willd.
83
Rich
macropoda, A.
144
.
macrostyla, Don.
79
madurensis, Wight
medicaginea, Lamk. 81
82
medicaginea, DO.
81
medicaginea, Ham.
mslanocarpa, Wall. 72
.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

760

Page

Page

montana, Heyne
montana, Roxb.

multiflora, Benth.

mysorensis, Roth.
nana, Burm.

...

W. &

A.
nepalensis, Link.
neglecta,

72
71
69
70
71
81
73

scabrella,

paniculata, Willd.
.

pisiformis, Guill.
porrecta, "Wall. .

priestleyoides, Bth.
procumbens, Boxb.
procumbens, Roxb.
prostrata, Boxb.
.

prostrata,

Wight

pulcherrima, Boxb.
pulchra, An dr.
pulchra, DC.
.
punctata, Grah.
punctata, Wall.
.

Heyne

pusilla,

qiiinquefolia. Linn.
ramosissima, Boxb.
retusa, Linn.
.

rhizophylla, Grah.
rigida;

Heyne

rostrata,

W. &

A.

Bothiana, DC.
Bothii, Spreng.
Boxburghiana, DC.
rubiginosa Willd.
.

rubiginosa, Roxb.
sagitticaulis,
salicifolia,

Wall.

Heyne

Wall.
Saltiana, Andr.

salicifolia, ?

saxatilis, Zolling.

84
79
74
81
81
67

stricta,

Roxb.

su-Lperfoliata, Wt.

81

parva, Grah.
.71
patula, Grah.
71
peduncularis, Grah.
74
peduncularis, Dalz.
74
pedunculosa, Desv.
84
peguana, Benth.
77
pellita, Bert.
81
pendula, Bert.
84
.
piiosa, Roxb.
.
70
piiosissima, Miq.
.
68

73
spectabilis, Roth.
75
stenopkylla^ Yogel.
72
stipitata) Grah.
82, 83
7"
stipulacea. Roxb.
Stocksii, Benth.. <
67
striata, DC.
84
sirictu, Roth.
82

Heyne

speciosa,

71

78
sciiparjlorcns, Benth.
78
sericea, Betz.
75
sericea, Burm.
75
sericea, Willd.
79
"^73
sessili flora, Limy
sobolifera, Grah.. 71, 72
spartioides, Spreng. ^ 82

70
83

A.

scoparia, Wall. .
sempei'florens, Vent.

74
153
? nervosa, Grab..
82
Notonii, W. & A.
nnmmularia, Willd. 66
obiiqua, Wall.
68
obtecta, Grah.
79
occulta, Grah.
72
Oldhami, Miq.
73
orixensis, Bottl.
83
ovaHfolia, "Wall.
70
pallida, Kl.
84
neriifolia, Wall.

W. &

Schimperi, A. Rich.

'

tecta, Both.

71

Roxb.

tenuifolia,

72
79
72
79

'

Wafi.
tetragona, Boxb.
tetragona, Wall.
tenuis,

tovnentosa, Rottl.

trichophora, Benth.

Heyne

triflora,

trifoliastrum, Willd.
trifoliastrum, Wall.

uniflora, Koen.
vasculosa, Grah.
venusta, Wall.

71

219

71

65
85
73
77
67
72, 79
.

72
70
84
80
75
72
82
82
66
66
72
69
69
69
77
72
84
72

virgata, Mart.

Roxb.

virgata,

WalJceri, Arnott.

81
82

78
78
70
70

dichotoma, Bl.
Ctenolepis,

574

apetala,
.

Hf.

DC.

.569

571
629

621

maderaspatanus,

Roxb

619

Melo, Linn.
620
Melo, Naud.
.619
Missionis, Wall.
609
muricatus, Wall.
620
prophetarum, Linn. 619
pseu do- colocynthis,
.

Royle

....

619
619
sativus, Linn.
620
trigonus, Boxb.
619
turbinatus, Roxb.
619
utilissimus, Roxb.
620
verrucosus, Hb. Rottl. 623

pubescens, Wall.

Cucurbita, Linn.

Blume

.621
.

622

.621
.616

Wall.
608
hispida, Wall.
,616
Lagenaria, Linn.
613
maxima, Duchesne
622
maxima, W. & A.
622
Melopepo, Roxb.
622
Melopepo, Wall.
607
moschata, Duchesne 622
Pepo, DC.
622
Pepo, Lour.
.616
umbellata, Heyne
616
umbellata, Wall.
.611
.

...
.

CUCTJRBITACEJE.

Cuminum, Linn.
Cyminum, Linn.
Cyminum, Wall.
Cyamopsis, DC.
psoralioides, DC.

.621

619
flexuosus, Linn.
620
Gurmia, Wall.
620
Hardwickii, Royle
620
integrifolius, Roxb. 612
maculatus, Willd.
620
maderaspatanus, L. 623

ficifolia,

Blume

Citrullus,

Colocynthis, Linn.
eriocarpus, Boiss.

farinosa,

Willdenoviana, DC. 31
Crudia, Schreb.
.271
zeylanica, Benth.
271
Crypteronia, Blume
573
glabra, Blume
574
Griffithii, C. B. C.
574
paniculata, Kurz.
574

Blume

&

pubescens,
Cryptotheca

.619

acuiangidua, Wall.
615
africanus, Bot. Reg. 617
Chata, Wall.
.620
*%icatrisatus, Stocks. 620

Wallichiana, W.
A.
Wightiana, Grah. .
Wightiana, Wall.

Camolenga, Wall.

633
629

Citrullus, Linn.

viminea, Wall.

Cucumis, Linn.

71

Baker

Cubospermum palustre,
Lour
587
CUCUMEBINEJE
604

vestita,

verrucosa, Linn.

82
82

67
80
80
80

78
79
81
67

.69

triquetra, Dalzell.
tuberosa, Hamilt.
umbellata, Wight.

Page
cerasiformis, Natid.
Garcini, Naud. .

604

.717
.

718
717
92
92

Cyanitis sylvatica,

Reinw

406

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
241

Page

Cyanospcrmum javanicum, Miq.

tomentosum, W.
.

heterophylla, Willd.

220
& A. 222
.

.368

Cydonia, Tourn.
indica, Spach.
Sumboshia, Ham.
vulgaris, Pers.

219

albiflora, Bot.

hircina, Wall.

horrida, Grah.

lauceolaria, Linn.

;foli;i.

Roxb.

Y/*y.Y\'all.
.

'tu19

suaveolens, Grah.

tomentosa, Roxb.

Cynometra, Linn.
bijuga, Spanog.

^s

823
Di S tyl
.267.
.

2W

268
267
insequifolia, A. Gray 267
mimosoides, Wall.
267
polyandra, Roxb.
268
ramiflora, Linn.
267
travancorica, Bedd.. 267
Cyrtonema convolvulacea, Rich.
627
divergens, Rich,
627
Linn.

cauliflora,.Wall.

Ula,

ntrn

Moon

lauceolaria,

(.1)

Mag.

scariosa, Ait.

.236
.235
.238
.231

reticulata, lit

cauliflora,

javanica, Miq.
Junghuhnii, Benth.

369
369

.369

Cylista, Ait

hircina, Benth.

231
234, 237
.

Roxb.

Dalz.

-..

mdWa. h<

ucc

'

245
237
234

.161

..sw^'fioxb.

f.
indlcum

233
235
252

't*$d^
racemosu^^^
.

231

>

236

panicui(ftai^\->W<9.\\

....

A'am, 237

Cyrtotropis

23<S

rimosa, Rdkb.

232

.241

Cyssopetalumja vanum,
696
Turcz
Cytisus. Cajan, Linn.
217
63
flaccidus, Royle
psetcdo-cajan, Jacq. 217
roseus, Carab.
64
sericeus, Willd.
.110
.

230
235
Hassk. 104

Dalbergia, Linn. f.
acacicefolia, Dalz.
arborea, Heyne
arborea, Willd.

assamica, Benth.
Blumei, Hassk.
cana, Grah. .
cassioides,

.235
.240
.

Wall.

235

.234
.237
.

237

Champi oni Thwaites 231

,

confertifolia, Benth.

congesta, Grah.

cultrata, Grah.

emarginata, Roxb.
ferruginea, Hohen.
ferruginea, Roxb.
flexuosa, Grah.
foliacea, Wall.

233

.232
.233
.

231
234
237

.238
.

232

.235
frondosa, Roxb.
frondosa, Wall.
234
Gardneriana, Benth. 232
Wall.
glauca,
.231
.

gloiheriflora,

renifor^f^\jfioc6.

188

angustifolia.,

Wall

Kurz.

236

Page

glaucum, DC.
javanicum, Miq.

latifolium, Lindl.

Miq
Datisca, Linn.

cannabina, IJnn.

nepalensis,

Don

....

Datiscace^:
Daucus, Linn.
Carota, Linn.

Decaspermum,
paniculatum,
paniculatum,

696
656
656
657
656

.718
.718

696
696
696

Forst.

Kurz
Kurz

.
.

469
470
462

Dendrolohium cephalo. .162

tes, Benth.
umbellatum, Benth. 161
Dendropanax, Dene. <$
Planch
733
japonicum, Seem.
733
parviflorum, Benth. 733
proteum, Benth.
.733
Derris, Lour.
240
acuminata, Benth.
247
242
affinis, Benth.
amoena, Benth.
245
brevipes, Baker
.244
canarensis, Baker
246
Crowd, DC.
.241
cuneifolia, Benth.
243
da]bergioides }JSa/irgr 241
discolor, Benth.
242
elegans, Benth.
242
elliptica, Benth.
243
eualata, Bedd.
244
ferruginea, Benth.
245
Heyneana, Benth.
244
Krowee, Roxb.
.241
Maingayana, Baker 245
marginata, Benth.
245
microptera, Benth.
243
oblonga, Benth.
242
ovalifolia, Bth. 243, 247
paniculata, Benth.
242
parviflora, Benth.
240
.

2JendulayfEiphvre^^\23 1
pse u dd'testta) Miqo a t ifi 3 2
purpurem>Wa-^.
235

carnea,

761

robusta, Roxb.
robusta, Wall.
rostrata,

Grah.

.235
.237

rubiginosa, Roxb.

rufa, Grah. .
scandens, Roxb.

sissoides,

Grah.

Sissoo, Roxb.

spinosa, Roxb.
stenocarpa, Kurz
stipulacea, Roxb.

.231
.231
.238
.

stipulata, Wall. 233,

Stocksii, Benth.
.

sympathetica,

mo

232
234
240

238

237
238
234

Nim-

.'

234

tamariudifolia,

234

tephrosioides,

W. & A.
Thomsoni, Benth.
tingens, Wall.
torta, Grah.
.

Roxb
.

105

236

.237
.237

233
rolubilis, Roxb.
^.235
zeylanica, Roxb.
235
Dai-be RGiKE
60
Dalhousiea, Grah.
248
bracteata, Grah.
248
Dalibardacalycina,DC 327
Daphnephyllopsis capitata, Kurz
747
Dasylonia benghalense,.
696
DC
velutina, Benth.

...

pinnata, Lour.
.234
platyptera, Baker
245
polystachya, Benth. 247
.241
robusta, Benth.
240
fccandens, Benth.
.

sec-iinda,

Baker

sinuata, Thwaites

thrysiflora, Benth.

timoriensis,

DC.

uliginosa, Benth.

Baker
Wightii, Baker
Desmanthus, Willd.
vestita,

247
246
246
240
241
242
247

.290

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

762

Page
Adenanlhera, Wall. 286
cinercm, Willd.
.288

DC.
leptophyllus, DC.

lacustris,

punctaius, DC.

DC.
DC.

stolonifer,

strictm,

virgatus, Willd.

Desmodium, Dcsv.
abyss'uticurd, DC.
alatum, DC.
.

amomum, Wall.
angulatum, DC.

170

.167

161

.170

.167
.

152
162
156

dasyphyllum, Miq.
dichotomum, DC. .169
.

173

16S
170

>

patens,

Wight

paucinervium, DC.
penduliflorum,

.171
.

170
170
165
165

.171

&

po'ycaqmr.i, W.
A. 171
polycarpum,, Wall,
167

dplabriforme, Benth. 165

154, 174

difusuw, DC.
distans, Boyle

End!.
.166
dubium, Lindl.
167
elongatum, Wall.
104
ferruginmim, Wall.
171
flexuosum. Wall.
168
floribundum, G.Don 167
gi'.ngeticurn, jDC.
168
Gardueri. Benth.
165
Ifollinera,

grande. Kurz
Griffithianum,

.162

Bth. 171

serpens, Wall.

spirale,

DC.

.170
162

.172

serriferum, Wall.
siliquosum, DC. .
fiinuatum, Blume
.

167

.171
166

.164

stipulaceum, Hassk. 174-

strangulatum, Miq. 166

strangulatum, Thw. 169

prcemorsum, Grah.

Pryom, DC.

A.

tenue,

Grah.

teres, Wall.

Thwaitesii, Baker
tilisefoiium,

trichocaulon,

G.

.169

DC

163

pseudo -gyroides,

175
162

.226

quinquangulare, Wt. 169

recurvatum, Grah. .164
reniforme, DC.
173
,

165

.164
.172
.164
.

169

Don 168

DC.

172

trichocaulon, Hassk. 165

triflorum,

DC.

trifiorum,

W. &A.

triflorum, Wall,

Grah.

DC.
umbellatum, DC.
triquetrum,

vestitum, Benth.
virgatum, Zolliug
viscidum, DC.
.

.173
.

173

.173
.165
.163
.161
.

,.

162
169

.154
.163
.169
Walkeri, Am.
.169
Wightii, Grah.
Willdenovii, G. Don 169
zonatum, Miq.
.164
viticinum,

Wall

Detarium zeylanicum,
Thwaites
.271
406
Deutzia, Thunb.
Brunoniana, Wall. 407
406
corymbosa, Br.
407
corymbosa, Lindl.
macrantha, H. f. S[
407
T.
Iparviflora, Bunge, 406
.

Miq
pulchoilum, Benth.

pseudo-triquetrum,

piwctatum, DC.

W. &

sulcatum, Wall.

trinerve,

Wall
pendulum, Wall.
podocarpum, DC.
podncarpum, Miq.
polycarpum, DC.

170

.169
.164
.172

diffusum, DC.

166
174
164

.166

171

.171

163

.165

174
Leschcnatilt ii, DC.
154
162
l/'ncatum, 8pau.
168
maculatum, DC.
?/< t'croj ftv^fysmk Miq.
174
mnltibxx&ifjjC.
167
nervosvbn; Vogel
.171
wwfarcs, Wall.
.168
obcordatum, Kurz
166
oblatum, Baker
166
oblongum, JFoH. . 166
obovatum, Wall.
170
orbiculatum, Wall.
170
ormocarpoides, DC. 164
ovalifolium, Wall.
171
oxyphyllum, DC. .167
parviflorum, Baker
172
parvifolium, DC.
174
,
.

.161

Wall

brachystachyum,

cajanifolium, DC.
capitatum, DC.
cateniferum. Am.
Cephalotes, Wall.
CcSiimhi, Wall.
concinnura, JOG..
confertum, DC.
congestum, Benth.
congestum, Wall.

.175
.171
.167

&

&

170
169

xburghii, Wall.

ccespitosum, J5C. .
Z.
caffrum, E.

174
264

171

,Wali

Hassk.
164
argenteum, Wall.
168
auricomum, Grah.
172
163
auriculatum, DC.
australe, Hassk.
.162
bambusetorum, Miq. 165
barbatum, Wall.
167
biarticulatum, Bth. 163
tricolor, Wall.
.164

Grah

DC

144, 171, 172

Buergeri, Miq.

170

.
.

A. .
laburni folium, DC.
Koyta, W.
10.3
rufescens, DC.
lasiocarpum,
.^168
sawbuense, DC.
lati folium, DiC. ,/e
/
la f /folium, Wigoth.
7 fcgfcalpe, DC.
laxiflorunv 2W Yogel.
7 P\'dSSchi//iperi, Hochst.
/<j. "/ ?,J2CU'fttih.
8'2j 8 W^scaparkciii, Wall.
scorpiurus, Benth
leptostach^aiilioxb.
7 I
sequax, Wall.
Wall \., cnth.
.
6
sericatum, Presl.
kptostachyu'iro,
.

rotundifolium, Bak. 172

rotundifolium,

angulatum, Wall.
Apocrines,

Kottleri, Baker .
Bottleri, G. Don

Miq. ,unl56
japonicum, Miq.
165
jucundum, Thwdxies iZj)

286
290
161
166
163

.166

retroflexum, DC.
retusum, G. Don

Horsfiei'dii,

.290

triquetrus, Willd.

repandum, DC.

.174

286
286
286
285

.285

natans, Willd.
.
plenus, DC.
.
polyphyllus, DC.

DC.

gyroides, DC.
.
.175
.171
gyroides, Hassk.
171
heterocarpum, DC.
heterophvllura, DC. 173
heL-rophylluM, Wn\l. 173

285
290

Page

Page
gyraiis,

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
staminea, Br.
407
Diacicarpium rotundi.
folium, Hassk.
743
tomentosum, Bl. .
749
Dialium, Linn.
.
269
.
indum, Linn.
.269
.
laurinum, Baker
269
.

Maingayi, Baker
269
ovoideum, Thwaites 269
.

patens,

Baker

270

platysepalum,

Baker

270

Dicselospermum, C. B.
Clarke
630
Ritchiei, C. B. C.
630,
.

Dicerma biarticulatum,

DC

163
pulchellum, DC.
162
repens, Grah.
.
.
173
vestitum, Wall. .
162
Dichotomanthes, Kurz 581
406
Dichroa, Lour.
cyanitis, Miq.
.
406
.
febrifuga, Lour.
40G
latifolia, Miq.
406
Dichrostachys, DC. .288
cinerea, W. $ A.
288
.

Diesingia scandens,
Endl.
.

WHUun/nia irifoliata,
f Eoth
Fioclea, H. B. K.
.

Thw.

Feryusonii,

.212
63

.196
.

javanica, Benth.

196
196
196

lasiocarpa, Mart.
reflexa, H. f.
.196
Diplochonium sesuvioides, Fenzl.
661
Diplocinium biloculare,
Wight
650
Arnottianum, Wt.
641
.

....

Wight
Lindleyanum, Wt.

Roxburghii, Miq.

cordifolium,

Diplostemon octandrum, Miq.

.
.

643
635

Dyer

Diptoderris, Benth.
Discopleura, Benth.
Dissochseta, Blume
anceps, Naud.
.
annulata, H.f..

Miq.
bancana, Miq.
astrosiicta,

bracteata,
bracteosa,

Blume

244
693
543
546
543
544
544
543
543

microcarpa, Naud.
ovalifolia,

Naud.

palembanica, Miq.
pallida,

Blume

punctulata, H. f.

Naud.

spoliata,

544
546
544
544
544
544
546
544
543
545

superba, Naud. .
.544
Dissotis Findlaysonii,

Triana

525

Distylium, Sieb. 4'

Zucc
indicum, Benth.

racemosum,

Griffithiana, Dene.
Hookeriana, Dene.
indica, Dene.

Dolichos, Linn.
barbutns, Wall.
benghalensiq, Jacq.
.

Wall.

candicans, Wall.
Catiang, Linn.

eiliatus,

Klein

conspersus, Grah.

Grah.
crassus, Grah.
Curtisii, Gr.

209

225
207
226
205

209
209
207

.206

215
195
ensiformis, Linn.
fabaformis, L'Herit. 92
falcatus, Klein
.211
.

&
224

Wall.
ficifolius, Grah.

.209
.199

Fin laysonianus,

Grah
ga?igeticus,

Roxb.

giganteus, Willd.
gladiatus, Jaeq.
glutinosus, Roxb.
grandifolius, Grah.
.

Lablnb, Linn.
lanceolams, Grah.
lignosus, Linn, ,
.

218
205
186

.196
.

225
198
209

.210
.

210

209

213

rhynchosioides, Miq. 218

rotundifolius, Roxb. 196
rufescens,

Grah.

sinensis, Linn.

Soja, Linn.
spicatus, Wall.
spicatus, Wall.
.

subcBoualis,

Grah.

W. & A.

Grah.

205

.184
.198
.199

subcarnostis,
suffultus,

221

Linn. 215

scarabcEoides,

211
211

.212

tetragonolobus,IATm. 211
tomentosus, Roth.
225
tranquebaricus, Jacq. 205
.

triloba tus,

199

.207

187
92
punctatus, W. & A. 218
purpureus, Linn.
209

trilobatus,

.216
.211

Ham.

.213

cuspidatus, Grah.
dasycarpus, Miq.
dissects, Lam.
elongatus, Grah.

218
196

Don

ornatus, Wall.
ovatus, Grah.
.
phaseoloides, Roxb.
pilosus, Roxb.
prostratus, Koenig.
pruriens, Linn. .

.210
.

coriaceics,

reticulatus,

bro/iteatus,

Page
'205

205
225
medicagineus, Lam. 223
medicagineus, Roxb. 216
minimus, Linn.
223
monachalis, Brot.
206
obcordatus, Roxb.
196

427
369
369
369
369
209

bulbosus, Linn.

...

luteus, Sw.
macrodon, Grah.

Lamk.

.210
blandus, Grah.
.213
bracteatus, Baker .210
biflorus, Linn.

psoraloides,

.216

luteolus, Jacq.

426
427

Sieb.

Zucc
Bocynia, Dene.

festivus,

607

.312

Steud

Naud.

fatmensis, Hochst.

Dipterocarpus cornU"
tus,

Page

Blume
glauca, Blume
gracilis, Blume
intermedia, Blume
celebica,

.571

....

Diplozygue

641

763

Linn.
Wall.
truncatus, Miq.

unijlorus,
vestitus,
viridis,

virosus,

Lam.

Grah.

202
211
218
210
230
199
196

Ham.
Roxb.

Doodia alopecuroides,
Roxb.
.

156
155
156
lagopodioides, Roxb. 156
picta, Roxb.
.155
Dorema, H. f. $ T.
708
Doxomma acuminatum, Miers
509
angustatum, Miers. 509
.

Roxb.
hamosa, Roxb.

crinita,

cylindrostachya,

....

Miers
509
macrostachyum,
Miers
.509
509
magnificum, Miers
pendulum, Miers
509
rigidum, Miers
.510
sarcostachys, Miers
509
Dracontomelum, Bl.
43
.

SNDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

764

Page

mangiferum, Blume.
Drimycarpus, H.f.
racemosus, H.f

43
36
36
424
424

Drosera, Linn.

Burmanni, Vahl.

Findlaysoniana,

Wall

424
424
foliosa, H. f.
424
gracilis, H. f.
424
indica, Linn.
intermedia, W. & A. 425
424
Lobbiana, Turcz.
424
lunata, Ham.
424
peltata, Sm.
424
serpens, Planch.
Droseracsle
423
Dryadanthe
Bungeana, Ledeb.
346
Dryptopetalum
coriaceum, Arn.
440
membranaceum, Miq. 441
Duabanga, Ham.
.578
sonneratioides, Ham. 579
.

congesta, Grab..

.183

cordifolia, Benth.

leiocarpa, Benth.
pubescens, DC.

DC.

.183
.183
.217
.216
.216

W.

A.
barbata, Benth.
calycina, Miq.

Baker

conspersa, Benth.

219
218

.218

W.$

A. 217

Baker

ferruginea,

183
183

Kurz

Heynei, W. $ A.
Horsfieldi, Miq.
latifolia, W. & A.
oblonga, Arn.
podocarpa, Jr.?
pulchra, Benth.
.

204

.217
.213
.217
.218
.

218

.218

.140

249, 251

.251

Elseosticta, Fenzl.

DC.

monophylla, DC.
Bottleri, W. & A.

DC.

sororia,

Ellipanthus, H.f.
calophyllus. Kurz

H.f.

H.f

&

ferruginea, J.
Sp. 141
horrvda, J.
Sp.
.141
.

.140

tragacan thoides,
J.

&

Sp.

Echinocalyx, Benth.

140
268

55
55
56
55
55
56

tomentosus, Kurz

Embelia urophylla,

312

Blume

Griff.

trigyna, Griff.

Entada, Adans.
monostachya, DC.
Parrana, Spreng.
Pursatha, DC.
.

Purscetha, Scheff.
Bheedei, Spreng.

Kumphii,

Scheff.

.287
287
287

scandens, Benth.
Entosiphon, Bedd.
Epilobium, Linn.
alpinum, Linn.
anagallidifolium,

.583
583
583
586
584
584

tomentosum, Vent.
vestitum, Benth.
Eriobotrya, Lindl.
.370
angustissima, H. f. 372
bengalensis, ?"./. . 371
dubia, Dene.
.371
dubia, Dene.
.371
elliptica, H. f. & T. 370
.

372
371
integrifolia, Kurz
380
japonica, Lindl.
372
japomca, Wenzig
372
latifolia, H.f.
370
longifolia, H.f.
370
macrocarpa, Kurz
372
petiolata, H.f.
370
Eriocycla nuda, Lindl. 680
Eriosema, DC.
.219
elliptica, Lindl.

Hookeriana, Dene.

586

....

.584

584
583
latifolium, ffMt.
laxum, Royle
587
montanum,TL. f.&T. 585
.

.219
Eroum filiforme, Roxb. 177
chinense, Vogel

hirsutum, Linn.
177
Lens, Linn.
.
.179
Lens, Wall.
.177
tetraspermum, Linn. 177
.

Eryngium,

Z/ircw.

cseruleum, Bieb.
Kotschyi, Boiss.
planum, Lindl.
Erythrina, Linn.

alba, Boxb.

arborescens, Boxb.
corallodendron, L.
cuneata, Grah.
.

ovaliflora,

Boxb.

picta, Wall.

586

....

reniformis, Ham.
resupinata, Boxb.

189

.189
.189

190
189
secundiflora, Hassk. 190
spathacea, Wall.
188
stricta, Boxb.
.189
189
suberosa, Boxb.
190
sublobata, 2?<xr6.
.

583

190

.188
.188

Lamk

.669
.188
.190

picta, Linn.

palustre, Linn.
585
parviflorum, Schreb. 584

669
669
670
669
670

Kurz
190
indica, Lam.
.188
lithosperma, Blume 190
maxima, Roxb.
.190
monosperma, Lamk. 194
Wahasuta, Ham.
190
holosericea,

origani folium,

reticulatum, C. 5.
Clarke

carulescens, Jacq.

311

585
angustifolium, Linn. 582
brevifolium, Don
586
cylindricum, Don
585
fruticosum, Lour.
587
Gerardianum, Wall. 583
hirsutum, Linn.
583
Hookeri, C. B. C.
585
khasianum, C. B.
Clarke
585
.

Lamk

serratum, Jacq. .
speciosum, Dene.
spicatum, Lamk.
tetragouum, Linn.

Billardieri, Delar.

.582

latum, Wall.

.287
.

laetum, Wall.

584
584

446
454
633
633
286
287
287
287

'

lucida,

Page

roseum, Schreb.
sericeum, Benth.

Wall
Embryogonia arborea,
Teysm. & Binn.

&

stellata, Boiss.

.673
.153
.153
.174
.153

Thwaitesii, H.f.

Ebenus, Linn.

673

meifolia, Fenzl.
Eleiotis,

Enkylia digyna,

189
ovalifolia, Walp.
Luchesnea chrysantha,
Miq
343
343
fragarioides, Sm.
343
fragiformis, Don.
sundaica, Miq.
.359
Dumasia, DC.
.182

fusca.

tana, Wight
mollis, Royle

Helferi,

Duchassaingia

debilis,-

circinalis,

632
C. B. Clarke
Edwardsia maderaspa-

Dunbaria,

Darjeelingensis,

Griffithii,

villosa,

Page
Edgaria, C. B. Clarke 631

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

mmatrana, Miq.

Ham.

tomentosa,

Page
190

...

Erythrinbje
Erythropahim poptdifolium, Mast.

190
59

600

.
Escaixonieje
.389
euoesalpinie^e
60
248
Euchresta, Bennett
Horsfieldii, Bennett 248
Eugenia, Linn.
473
acuminatissima,
.

Kurz

acutangula, Linn.
alba,

Roxb.

albiflora,

Duthie

alternifolia,

.483
.

Wight

amcena, Thwaites
amplexicaulis,
Roxb.
androscemmdes,

508

.474

....

479
497
505
471

Bedd

491
angustifolia, Roxb. 472
amsosepala, Duthie 481
aquea, Burnt.
473
areolata, DC.
490
503
argentea, Bedd.
483
Arnottiana, Wight
493
assimilis, Thwaites
491
balsamea, Wight
Beddomei, Duthie
476
484
Benthamiana, Wt.
bifaria, Wall.
478
484
bomeensis, Miq.
496
brachiata, Roxb.
bracteata, Roxb.
502
488
bracteolata, Wight
.

.501
buxifolia, Lam.
502
calcadensis, Bedd.
calophyllifolia, Wt. 494
.

Roxb.

calyptrata,

? capitellata,

Am.

499
553

Willd
caryophyllaea, Wt.
caryophyllifolia,

Lam
ceranflora,
cerasoides,

Kurz

Roxb.

chlorantha, Duthie
cinerea,

Kurz

claviOora, Roxb.
codyensis, Mtmro
colorata, Duthie
comosa, Wall.
.
concinna, Thwaites

conglomerata,
Duthie
contracta, Wall.
.

Page

Wight

cordi folia,

506
460
499
478
498
487

.485

.476
.

.501

elliptica,

Lam.

elliptica,

Wall.

expansa, Wall.
fasciculata, Wall.
.

ferruginea, Wight
ficifo'l'ia, Wall.
filiformis, Wall.
.

firma, Wall.

489

.491
.

502
482
476
478
476
504

Thwaites
floccosa, Bedd.
.501
formosa, Wall.
.471
frondosa, Wall.
.
490
frondosa, Wall.
499
fruticosa, Roxb.
499
fulva, Thwaites
504
fusiformis, Duthie
479
Gardneri, Thwaites 489
floccifera,

Roxb. 485

grandis, Kurz
grandis, Wight
grata, Wall.

.505
476
475

.486

Duthie

481
480
hemispherica, Wt.
477
Heyneana, Wall.
500
hypoleuca, Thwaites 501
inophylla, Roxb.
480
.
insignis, Thwaites
504
Jambolana, Lam.
499
Jambos, Linn.
.474
G-riffithii,

Lamk.
Lam.

501

Jossinia, Duthie

492
492
506

khasiana, Duthie
Kurzii, Duthie

Ham.

Duthie
lancemfolia, Roxb.
lanceolaria, Roxb.

474

.473
.

lseta,

485
478
lepidocarpa, Wall.
476
leptantha. Wight.
484
linearis, Wall.
486
lineata, Blume
487
lissophyjla, Thwaites 488
lucida, Lam.
501

500
491

.478
.479
.

492
475
477

lucidida, Miq.

.496

mabseoides, Wight. .
macrocarpa, Roxb.
macrophylla, Lam.
macrosepala, Duthie

505
474

Maingayi, Duthie

484
497
471
480
483
493
505
505
505
499
488
472
483
493
482
496
492

malabarica, ite^d.
malaccensis, Linn. .
mangifolia, Wall. .
micrantha, Thwaites
microcalyx, Duthie .
microphylla, J5grfc?.
Mooniana, Wight.
.

Mooniana, Wight.
Moorei, F. Muell.
montana, Wight.
Munronii, Wight.
myrti folia, Roxb.
Neesiana, Wight.
nigrescens, Poir.

Bedd.

Roxb.

nitida,

glandulifera,

Lam.

laurifolia,

gracilis,

lanceohta,

485

javariica,

470
494
479
482

504
475
densiflora, DC.
473
diospyrifolia, Wall. 472

javanica,

.497

490
495
500

cymosa, Lam.
.
cymosa, Roxb.
decora, Thwaites
decora, Wall.

lsevicaulis,

484

.496

Wight

cylindrica,

491
490
473
487
501

corymbosa, Lam.
corymbosa, Roxb.
corymbosa, Wall.
cot inifolia, J acq.
crenulata, Duthie
cuneata, Wall.
cuneata, Heyne
cuneata, Wall.
cuspidata, Wall.
cyclophylla, Thw.

Helferi, Duthie

caryophyllata,

765

Duthie

oblata, 7?oj?6.

.
.

471
501

Duthie 491
obovata, Wall.
.491
oblongifolia,

Roxb.

500
498
482
? odorata, Wight.
496
oligantha, Thwaites 494
olivifolia, Duthie
495
operculata, i?oari.
498
pachyphylla, Kurz
477
Paniala, Roxb.
498
papillosa, Duthie
495
pauciflora, Wight.
479
pellucida, Duthie
485
pendens, Duthie
475
penangiana, Duthie 486
polyantha, Wight.
496
polyantha, Wight.
498
polygama, Roxb.
470
polypetala, Wight.
472
precox, Roxb.
.475
pulchella, Roxb.
506
purpurea, Roxb.
472
pustulata, Duthie
495
pyrifolia, Wall.
487
racemosa, Linn.
507
ramosissima, Wall.
480
reticulata, Wight.
480
obtusifolia,

occlusa, Miq.
.
octopetala, Ham.
.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

766

Page
revoluta,

Wight

492

rhodomelea, Coram. 482

rivulorum, Thwaites 504
rostrata, Bedd.
.482
Rottleriana, W. $ A. 502
rotundifolia, Wight. 494
.

Roxburghiana,
Wall

Ewyckia

capitellata,

551

cyanea, Blume
Jackiana, Walp.
latifolia,

foetidissima,

sclerophylla, Thw.
scoparia, Wall.

494

.489

singampattiana,

506
skiophila, Duthie
486
485
spicata, Lam.
.
498
Stocksii, Duthie
489
subavenis, Duthie
subdecussata, Wall. 491
493
sylvestris, Moon
.

ternifolia,

Falc.

? diversifolia,

DC
681
Farnesia odora, Gaspar 292
Fatioa nepaulensis,
Wall
.

Regel

Schmalk.

&

575
707

.707

Jaeschkeana. Vaike.

708

Narthex, Boiss.
.707
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 708
Ficoide^e
658
Flemingia, Roxb.
226
abrupta, Wall.
227
augustifolia, Roxb.
229
bracteata, Wight.
227

W. &

Roxb.

Ham.

capitata,

.500

capitata, Zolling.

343

344

.343
.346

343
344
343
nubicola, Lindl.
344
Roxburghii, W. & A. 343
sikhimensis, Kurz
345
vesca, Linn,
344
.
.

nilgerrensis, Schldl.
nilgerica, Zenker.
.
.

471
503

Chappar,

Ham.

.229
.

229

.227

G-alactia, P.

....

Galedupa arbor ea,

ferruginea, Wall.

elliptica,

fruticulosa, Wall.

indica,

Thwaitesii, Duthie . 506

toddalioides, Wight. 482
.

.468

iw\z . . .
tumida, Duthie
umbrosa, Thwaites
uniflora, Linn.
valdevenosa, Duthie
venulosa, Wall. .
venusta, Roxb.
.
verecunda, Wall.
Wallichii. Wight.
Wightiana, Wight.

477
487
489
505
489
490
488
496
475
485
Wightii, Bedd.
479
505
Willdenowii, DC.
Willdenowii, Wight. 502
Wynaadensis, Bedd. 506
503
xanthocarpa, 7%w>.
485
zeylanica, Wight.
502
zeylanica, Roxb.
zeylanica, Willd.
505
EuPHASEOLEJB
59
734
Eupteron, Kurz
acuminatum, Miq.
727
42
Evia amara, Comm.
tristis,

lineata,

Roxb.

.228

procitmbens, Wight.
prostrata, Roxb.

...
.

229
227
Grahamiana,fF.^^. 228
involucrata, Benth.
229
latifolia, Benth.
229

nana, Roxb. . .
warn,- Wall.
paniculata, Wall.
Phursia, flam.
procumbens, Roxb.

pycnantha, Benth.
Rothiana, DC. .
semialata, Roxb.
semialata, Wall. .
sericans,

Kurz

Roxb.
Wall.
strobilifera, R. Br.

dulce, C.

Bauh.

228
220
229
229

.229

striata,

Fceniculum, Adans.

227
227
229
230

.229

stricta,

tuberosa, Dalz. .
vestita, Benth.
.
Wallichii, W. $ A.
Wightiana, Grah.

229

.229

228
229
227

.230
.230
.

229
229
695
695

.192

497

chlorostachys, Wall. 227

congesta, Roxb. .
228

.481

Br.
Wall.

192
.
graminea, Heyne
192
.
? oxyphylla, Benth. 192
simplicifolia, Dalz.
191
tenuiflora, W. # A. 192
tenuifolia, Wall.
192
villosa, W. 4" A.
.192
Gailactiks;
59
filiformis,

.476

Gay 345

malayana, Roxb.

Thumra, Roxb.

DC.

695
695
695
695

.426
.343

A.

indica, Andr.
indica, Wall.

terpnophylla, Thw.
tetraedra, Miq.
tetragona, Wight.

? trinervia,

Fragaria, Linn.
arguta, Lindl.
Daltoniana, J.
elatior,

Falcaria

vulgare, Gtertn.
.
Fothergilla involucrata,

551
551
553

Panmorium, DC.
piperitum, DC.

Bedd

tenuis, Wall.

551

scabrida, Wall.

.551

....

.486

Naud.'
paniculata, Miq.
tuberculata, Korth.

Ferula, Linn.

.551

medinilliformis,

475
502
482
495
500
rubricaulis, Miq.
487
rufo-fulva, Thwaites 503
472
salicifolia, Buch.
500
salicifolia, Grab..
Roxburghii, DC.
rubens, Roxb.
rubicunda, Wight.
rubicunda, W. & A.

Blume

Allion

officinale,

Walp

Roxb
Roxb.

Lam.

marginata, Roxb.

Roxb.
uliginosa, Roxb.
Galega arborescens,
Herb. Madr.
Piscidia,

240
243
240
243

.107
.

241

.111
Lamk.
.113
Barba-jovis, Burm.
113
Coloni'la, Ham.
.112
Colutea, Burm.
95
Colutea, Willd.
.114
diffusa, Roxb.
.113
Heyneana, Roxb.
.111
hirta, Ham.
.113
incana, Roxb.
.114
.

argentea,

.
.

lance cefolia, Roxb.

112

maxima, Linn.
.113
pentaphylla, Roxb.
113
.

procumbens, Ham.
purpurea, Linn.
senticosa, Linn.
.

sericea,

Ham.

spinosa, Linn.
tinctoria,
villosa,

Galbgejk

113

.112
.

112

.112
.112

.113

Lamk.

Linn.

112

57

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Gamblea,

B. C.
B. C.
Gastonia palmata,
C.

Roxb.
Geissapsis,
cristata,

$A
$ A.

W.

tenella, Benth.

.732
.141
.141
.141

Genista versicolor,

Wall

116

449
.

nutans, Roxb.

.450

.343

....

Geniste^e
Geum, Linn.
adnatum, Wall.
.

elatum, Wall.
Soviet, Wall.
urbanum, Linn.
Gilibertia palmata,

449
56
342
343
342
342

732
Gisekia, Linn.
664
linearifolia, Sebum. 664
.

molluginoides, Wt. .664

pharnaceoides, Linn. 664
sericea,

...
.

tavoyana, Wall.
travancorica, Bedd.
Glycine, Linn. .
aurea, Willd. .
.
cana, Willd.
.
.

Wall.
.

Roth.
elongata, Roth.
ferruginea, Grah.
flaccida, Wall.
.
flexilis, Grah.
Grahami, Wall. .
involucrata, Wall.
densiflora,

22
22
22
22

.183
.221
.222
.221
.

182

.184
.

226

parviflora,

Lam.

84
153
22
192
1

.184

184
pentaphylla, Dalz.
184
pondicheriensis, Spr. 220
.

rhombifolia, Willd.
rufescens, Willd.
senegalensis,

Soja, Sieb. $ Zucc.

suaveolens, Linn.
suffulta, Wall.. .
tenerrima, Grah.

Wall.

tenuiflora, Willd.

uniflora, Dalz.
vestita,

Grah.

.
.

warreensis, Dalz.

....

40

Grislea micropetala,

572

Baker

Grahami, Benth.
Guilandina axillaris,

Lamk.

W. &

A.

Bonditc,

.572
.

Bonducella Linn.

....
.

Wightii, ^m.
.
zeylanicum, Arn.

Gynostemma, Blume
cissoides,

Hk.
pedata,

.611
.

Blume

611
633

&

Bth.

f.

633
633

pcdata,Bth. &Hk.f. 633

Wightiana, Bth. &
Hk. f.
633
.
Gynotroches, Blume
440
.

Miq.
Dryptopetalum,
axillaris,

....

Blume

A. Gray

reticulata,

Gyeocarpe^;

254
254
255

440
440
443

Hallia hirta, Willd.

sororia, Willd.
trifoliata, Roth.

Halohageje

65

.153
.

220

Arn

.431

W. &

A.

Haloragis, Forst.
disticha, Jack.
micrantha, Br.
oligantha,
oligantha,

.430
.430

442
430

431, 433
scabra, Benth.

258

440

Gyrocarpus, Jacq.
.461
acuminatus, Meissn. 461
americanus, Jacq.
461
asiaticus, Willd.
461
Jacquini, Eoxb.
.461
rugosus, R. Br.
.461
sphenopterus, R. Br. 46J

191

.255
.

glabra, Mill.

572
572

.191
.191
.191

....

Bonduc. Linn.

Hochst
punctata, Ham. .
tomentosa, Roxb.
uniflora, Rich.
.
Grona, Lour.

Kurz.

.183
.184

184
59

250
633
Griff.
cissiformis, Griff.
632
heterosperma, Kurz. 632
Goniocarpus micran^w5,Koen.&Sims 430
scaber, Koen. & Sims 431
tetragyna, Labi 11.
431
Goniogyna hebecarpa,
DC
65
latebrosa, DC.
65
leiocarpa, DC.
.
65
Gonocarpus micranthus, Thunb.
430

filicaulis,

.185
.191

184
192
192

....

Bunge
Gomphogyne,

Dalzellii,

184
222

.210
.181
.154
.

182
63

220

.182

viscida, Willd.

.223

.184

DC.

.221

181, 182

javanica, Linn.
labialis, Linn.

261

mucronata, Klotzsch 661

662
parviflora, Wall.
tria?ithemoides,Heyn. 661
Gluta, Linn.
21

DC.

224

nummularia, Linn.
oxyphylla, Grah.
pallens, Grah.
.184

mosus, Dalz.
.
Goebelia alopecuroides,

662
dictamnoides ,W'.& A. 662
lotoides, Linn.
662
Mollugo, Fenzl.
662

debilis,

monophylla, Burm.

.
.

Glycycarpus race-

Linn

cylindriflora,

462

Glinus dictamnoides,

Heyne

A.

Linn

capitata,

W. &

Glycines

Gleiditschuz sinensis,

coarctata, Griff.
elegans, Wall.

mollis,

tenuiflora,

DC

Glaphyria
Jack

macrocarpa, Grah.
258
Moringa, Linn.
45
Nuga, Linn.
.
.255
Wallichiana, Grah. 268
Guldenstaedtia, Fisch. 117
cuneata, Benth.
.117
himalaica, Baker
117
mirpourensis,i?cft^. 118
multiflora, Bunge.
118
Gustavia valida, DC.
511
Gymnopetalum, Am. 611
? calyculatum, Miq. 516
cochinchinense,iTwr^ 611
? heterophyllum,
Kurz
611
Horsfieldii, Miq.
.631
integri folium, Kurz 612
piperifolium, Miq.
631
quinquelobum, Miq. 611

.192

parviflora, Wall.

Roxb

Page

63

lucida, Grah.

Getonia floribunda,
nitida, Roth.

Page
leptocarpa, Grah.

Memnoniaj Delile
.

W.

739

.739

ciliata, C.

767

tenella,

Brongn.

430
430
430

tetragyna, H.f..
Hamamelideje
.425
Hamamelis chinensis,
Br
428
.

..

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

768

Page

Hapalocarpum

indi-

cum, Miq.

vesicatorium, Miq.
Haplozygije
Hardwickia, Boxb.
binata, Boxb.

569
569
665
270
270

pinnata, Boxb.
.270
Harlandia bryonioides,
.

Hance
Hedera, Linn.
aculeata,

Don

.738

acuminata, Wight
(Bsculifolia, Wall.
Jack.
disperma, DC.
? Aralia,

elata,

Ham.

emarginata,
exdltata,

Moon

Thwaites

heterophylla, Wall.

Jackiana, G-. Don.

japonica, Jungh.

738
728
729
730
732
737
725
724
737

.735
.

739
731
734

733

W. &

Leschenaultii,

A.

724
Wall.

obovata,

Wight

.731

730

Wall
palmata, Wall

.734
.732

parasitica, Don.

?ovata,

parviflora,

Champ.

polyacantha, Wall.
racemosa, Wight
I

727
738

.732

ferruginea, Wall.
floribunda, Wall.
fragrans, Don.
glauca, Wall .
glomerulata, DC.
Hainla, Ham.
Helix, Linn.

mollis,

625
739

rostrata,

Wight

subcordata, Wall.
-tomentosa, Ham.

724
733
735
729

.729

724
728
trifoliata, W. & A.
724
undulata, Wall.
738
venosa, Wall.
729
Hederopsis, C. B. C.
739
Maingayi, C. B. C. 739
HedysarevE
58
Hedysarum, Linn.
.145
'

....
.

adherens, Poir.
alatum, Roxb.
Alhagi, Linn.
alopecuroides,

.164
.163
.145

Roxb. 156

arbor eum, Don

arboreum, Roxb.

.156
.

161

articulatum, Roxb
169
astragaloides, Benth. 146
biarticulatum, Linn. 163
bijugum,- Klein.
.141
.

Page
bracteatum, Hb. Mr
bracteatum, Roxb.
bupleurifolium, L.
cachemirianum, B.
cajanifolium, H. B.

caudatum, Thunb.
Cephalotes, Roxb.
collinum, Roxb.
.

cylindricum, Poir.

diffusum, Willd.

diphyllum, Linn.
erinaceum, Poir.
Falconeri, Baker
floribundum, Don.
gangeticum, Linn.

Roxb.

glumaceum, Koen.
gramineum, Retz.

Roxb.
hamatum, Burm.
hamatum, Heyne.
hamosum, Roxb.
.

retusum,

Don

169
164
173
154
173
170
171

164
rotundifolium, Vahl
92
Boxburghii, Spreng. 164
rugosum, Willd.
159
sambuense, Don.
167
sennoides, Willd.
152
sericeum, Thunb.
142
sikkiniense, Benth
145
siliquosum, Burm.
sororium, Linn.
sparteum, Burm.
spirale, Schwartz.
stipulaceum, Burm.
strobiliferum, Baker
strobiliferum, Linn.
styracifolium, Linn.
styracifolium, Roxb.
.

171
153

140
164
173
1 46
227
170
159
tenellum, Don.
.
174
tilicefolium, Don.
168
tomentosum, Thunb. 143
triflorum, Linn.
173
triquetrum, Linn.
163
tuberosum, Roxb.
197
umbellatum, Linn.
161
umbellatum, Roxb.
162
vaginale, Linn.
158
varium, Roth.
.
153
vespertilionis, Linn.
154
viscidum, Linn.
154
Wallichianum, Spr. 167
.

Hegetschweilera pulchella, Regel.

158

Hehsciadium ? Heyneanum, DC.

684
? pubescens DC.
688
? tenerum, DC.
686
? trifoliatum DC.
688
Wallichianum, Miq. 688
Helwingia, Willd.
726
himalaica, H.f. Sf T. 726
populifolia, Spreng. 727
Hemiandrina borneen-

...

155
171
94
162
226
171

Bottleri, Spreng.

Roxb.

reptans,

140
159
158
174
175
148
157
156

173
142
145
laburnifolium, Poir. 163
lagenarium, Roxb.
152
lagopoides, Burm. . 156
latebrosum, Linn.
65
lalifoliwn, Roxb.
169
.
laxiflorum, Benth. . 146
laxum, Spreng. . . 165
leiocarpa, DC.
65
.
lineatum, Linn.
228
longifolium, Rottl.
159
maculatum, Linn.
168
microcalyx, Baker
147
moniliferum, Linn.
157
mucronatum, Blume. 161
Nell-Tali, Roxb.
151
nummidarifolium,
DC
140
nummularifolium,
Linn.
92, 158
obcordatum, Poir.
154
orbiculatum, Rottler. 174
ormocarpoides, Desv. 164
patens, Roxb.
171

retroflexum, Linn.

heterocarpum, Linn. 171

heterophyllum,

Willd
junceum, Linn. f.
kumaoncnse, Benth.

recur vatum, Roxb.

reniforme, Linn.
reniforme, Lour.

16,8

quinquangulatum,

171

dichotomum, Willd.
diffusum, Roxb.

ptmctatum, Rottl.
purpureum, Roxb.

148
155
158
169
164
169
147
92
146
167

gyroides,

pictum, Jacq.
polycarpum, Lam.
prostratum, Linn.
pulchellum, Linn.

162
168

conicum, Poir.
conjugatum, Willd.
crinitum, Linn.

gyrans, Linn.

Page

159
227
158
146
161
171
163

E.

capitatum, Burm.

Gibsoni, Grah.

sis,.B..
1

Henslovia

f.

affinis,

PI

.
.

47
574

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

glabra, Wall.

Page

Page

Page

.574

714
pedatum, Wight
.
716
Pinda, Dalz. $ Gibs. 717
pinnatum, C. B. C. 712

597
tomentosum, Benth. 596
travancoricum, Bedd. 598
zeylanicum, Benth. 596
Homqcentria vagans,
Naud
526
Hosackia indica, Grah. 63
Humboldtia, FaAZ.
273
Brunonis, Wall.
274
Fa^.
laurifolia,
273
unijuga, Bedd.
274
Vahliana, Wight
274
Hydrangea, Linn.
403
altissima, Wall.
404
405
anomqla, Don
aspera, Don
.
404
cyanema, Nutt. .
404
heteromalla, Don
405
khasiana, H. f. & T. 405
robusta, H.f # T. 404
scandens, Maxim.
404
stylosa, H.f. $ T. 405
vestita, Wall.
.
405
4<>4
vestita, Wall.
Hydrangea
388

574
574

574

leptostachys, Planch.

pubescens, Wall.

Henslowia

affinis,

PL

Hookeri, Wall.
.
574
pubescens, Griff.
.
574
Heptapleurum, Gtn.
727
biternatum, C. B. C. 731
capitatum, Seem. 731, 732
Cephalotes, C. B. C. 731
elatum, C. B. C.
728
.
.

ellipticum, Seem.

729
emarginatum, Seem. 729
exaltatum, Seem.
730
glaucum, C. B.
728
.

glaticum,

Kurz

.728

heterophyllum,

Seem
hypoleucum, Kurz,
impressum, G B. C.
khasianum, C. B. C.
macrophylla Wall.
racemosum, Bedd.
rostratum, Bedd.
.

subulatum, Seem. .
terebinthacea, Wall.
terebinthacea,

Vahl

Thwaites
venulosum, Seem
Vahlii,

781
728
728
730
730
729
729
730
730
729
730

.730
.

739

Wallichiana, Dalz.

rigens, Wall.

if

.715

W.

Sprengelianum,

716

Sprengelianum, Dalz.

&

613
caudigerum, Wall.
Heteroloma, Benth.
Heteropanax, Seem.
734
.734
fragrans, Seem.
665
Heterosciadi^:
.
64
Heylandia, DC.
93
.
cordifolia, Grah.
65
hebecarpa, DC. .
65
latebrosa, DC. .
.
leiocarpa, DC.
65
.
,
432
Hippuris, Linn.
.432
vulgaris. Linn.
.448
Hiptage,Wall.
.

T.

Holigarna,

Arnottiana, H. f.
Beddomei, H. f.
ferruginea, March.
Grahamii, H.f.
Grahamii, Kurz
Helferi, H.f.
longifolia, Roxb.

....
.

canescens, Lindl.
.713
ceylanicum, Gardn. 716
? cinereum, Lindl. . 713
concanense, Dalz.
716
diversifolium, Wall. 712
grandiflorum, Dalz.
& Gibs. .
.716
hirsutum, Edgw.
.
713
.

.
.

606
36
38
36
38
37

37
38
.
37
.
37
longifolia, Wt. & Arn. 36
36
racemosa, Roxb.
.
.

Homalium,

Jacq.

.595

715

597
fcetidum, Benth.
.
.598
foetidum, Kurz
597
fcetidum, Benth.
grandiflorum, Benth. 598
Griffithianum, Kurz 597
longifolium, Benth. 596

Jacquemontii, C. B.
Clarke
712
.
.
nepalense, Don
.714
nubigenum, C.B.C. 713

longifoHum. Benth. 597

minutiflorum, Kurz 596
596
nepalense, Benth.
propinquum, C. 2?. C. 59

Hookerianum, W.
A.
.

YOL.

II.

Hydrilla verticillata,
Richard
Hydrocotyle, Linn.
asiatica, Linn.
burmannica, Kurz
conferta, Wight
.

DC.

Blume

hirsuta,
hirta,

....

Ham.

Heyneana, Wall.

f.

densiflora,

H.

Wall. Cat.
462, 470
Hodgsoniana, H.f. $ T. 606
heteroclita,

Hiraa Finlaysoniana,

Clarke
Brunonis, Benth.

715
713
burmanicum, Kurz. 714
cachemiricum, C. B.
Clarke
712
candicans, Wall.
714

albicans, H.f.

aquilegifolium, G. B.

....

.712
DC.
Herpetospermum, Wall. 613

Schlichii, ifr-.?

715
Sprengelianum,Thw. 716
sublineare, C. B. C. 713
Thomsonii, C. 5. C. 711
tomentosum, Dalz. &
Gibs
689
tomentosum, Smith. 717
traqoides, Benth.
.712
Gibs.

&Gibs
730
Wallichianum, G B.
Clarke
.730
Wallichianum,Seem. 730
Heracleum, Linn.
.711
absinthifolium,Y exit. 717
.

obtusifolium, Wall.

Wallichii,

stellatum, Gaertn.

769

R. Br.

lurida,

DC.

Hanoe.

nepalensis,

.
.

667

.669
.

668

.668
.

hispida, Don
.
javanica, Thunb.
laxijlora,

.432

668
667

.667
.667
.

6(>7

667
668

.669

Hook.

nitidula, A. Richd.
perexigua, Hauce
podantha, Molkenb.
polycephaJa, W. & A.
puncticulata, Miq.
.

667
668
668
668
667
668

ranuncidoides, Bl. .668

rotundifiora, Roxb. 668
sibthorpioides, Lara. 669

Ham.
Don

striqosa,
ten'ella,

Wightiana, Wall.

.667
.668

669
667
Zollingeri, Molkenb. 668
Hydrolythrum, H.f
571
Wallichii, H.f.
572
zeylanica,

DC.

Hymenolama angelicoides, DC.

Benthami, DC.
3 D

703
703

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

770

Page

Page

Brunonis, DC. .
Brunonis, Lindl.
Candollii, Benth.
1

706
706
703
densiflorum, Lindl. 706

dentata,T)C.

.704

capitata, Grah.

cassioides, Rottler.

Govaniana, DC.

latifolia, Lindl.

Lindleyana, Kl.
nana, Ost.-Sack.
obtusimcula, DC.

.
.
.

702
703
705
705
673

pimpinellifolia,
Ost.-Sack. .

.703

pumila, DC.

Wight

coespitosa,

caloneura, Kurz
canescens, Grah.

Lamk.

ca.nescens,

cinerea, Willd.

congesta, Grah.

704

Willd
Moringa, Vahl.
Hypericinea angustata,
.

Wall

45
45
24
24
466
466

Vwcida, Wall.
micrantha, Wall.
pimentifolia, Wall.
Hypobrichia Spruceana,
Benth.
568
.

....

Wall.

flaccida, Kcenig.

daphnephylloides,

....

Kurz
Blume

747
460
appendiculata, Bl.
460
Coryzadenia, Meissn. 460

Illigera,

khasiana, C. B. C.
461
Knrzii, C. B. Clarke 460
obtusa, Meissn. .
.461
Indigastrum deflexum,
Jaub. & Spach.
97
Indigofera, Linn.
92
adenophylla. Grab..
96
aruginis, Schweinf.
94
anabaptista, Steud. 102
anceps, Vahl.
98
.
angulosa, Edgw.
.
97
arbor ca, Roxb. .
.101
arcuata, Willd. .
.
96
argentea, Linn.
98
argent ea, Roxb
,
97
.

argentea, Wall.

armata, Wall.

96
96
articidata, Gouan.
98
aspalathifolia, Roxb. 94
aspalathoides, Vahl.
94
asperifolia, Hochst.
94
atropurpurea, Ham. 101
brachycarpa, Grah.
99
bracteata, Grah.
100
.

Brunoniana, Grah.
Roxb. . .

coerulea,

93
99

purpurascen s, Roxb

foliolosa, Grah.

galegoides, DC.
glabra, Linn.

Gibsonii,

Grah.

.
.

glaucescens, Grah.
glutinosa, Perott.

glutinosa, Roxb.
graveolens, Roxb.

.
.

Hamiltonii, Grah.
hebepetala, Benth.
hedysaroides, Lamk.
heterantha,Ws\]. 100,
.

timoriensis,

95
100

94
98
101

95
95
95
101
101

96
102
heterophylla, Roxb.
97
hirsuta, Linn.
98
Hochstetteri, Baker 102
inamcena, Thwaites 99
indica, Lamk.
99
Jirahulia, Hamilt.
101
Kleinii, W. & A.
98
lateritia, Willd.
95
leptostachya, DC.
100
Leschenaultii, DC.
96
linearis, Guill.
97
linifolia, Retz.
92
marginulata, Grah.
97
moluccana, DC.
96
mucronata, Spreng. 97
multicaidis, DC.
96
mysorensis, Rottl.
102
.

retusa, Grah.

rigida, Willd.

tinctoria,

trifoliata,

Jaub.
trita,

Baker
violacea, Roxb.

96

.101

vestita,

Lamk.

101

verrucosa, Grah.

Wightii, Grah.

...

uncinata, Roxb.

viscosa,

nniflora, Hamilt.

99
95
96
97
96
99
99
98
102
96

94
93
96
100
94

Spach.

Linn.

triquetra, Dalz.

DC.

Linn.

Roxb.

96

trigonelloides,

virgata,

tomentosa, Grah.

virgata,

DC.

tinctoria, Forsk.

Willd.

tinctoria, Linn.

.101

glandulosa, Willd.
glauca, Lamk.

98

subulata, Vahl.
.
sumatrana, Gaertn.
tenuifolia, Rottl.
.
ternata, Roxb.
Thonningii, Thonn.

99
95
94
98

.100

Gerardiana. Wall.

101

99
96
Sfabra, Roth.
.
97
Schimperiana, Hoch. 98
semitrijuga, Forsk.
98
stachyodes, Lindl.
102

97

.113
.

fragrans, Retz.
frumentacea, Roxb.
fusca, G. Don
.

Lamk.

quadrangularis, Gr. 100

98
94
98

flexuosa, Grah.

pusilla,

101

.100
.

97
97

W.

peregrina, DC. .
96
polyphylla, DC.
.100
polyphylla, Heyne
102
polyphylla, Rottler
99
prostrata, Roxb.
92
.
prostrata, Willd.
96
.
pulchella, Roxb.
.101

$ A. 95
pentaphylla, Linn.
95
pedicellata,

endecaphylla, Jacq.
enneaphylla, Linn.
ferruginea, Schum.
Fii$aysoniana,

pauoiflora, Delile

96

.102

Heyne

parviflora,

81
101

Roxb.

elUptica,

Roxb.

omithopodoides,
Hochst.

Hex

orixensis,

96
96
cordifolia, Heyne
93
cylindracea, Wall.
99
debilis, Grah.
98
desmodioides, Benth. 153
Dosua, Hamilt.
.102
Dosua, Wall.
.100
echinata, WiUd.
92
.

rotundata, DC. .
703
stellata, Lindl.
.
705
? suaveolens, Kl.
.
706
Hyperanthera decandra,

Page

94
93
96
96

96

100, 102
.

95
99
100

Zoliingeriana, Miq.
.306
.
Inga, Willd.
acutangula, Grah.
306
303
annularis, Grah.
305
attenuata, Grah.
303
.
bigemina, Willd.
304
.
bubalina, Jack. .
304
bubalina, Wall.
305
Clypearia, Jack.
304
.
Clypearia, Wall.
.

contorta, Grah.

305

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

corcondiana, DC.
cynometroides, Bedd.
dimidiata, Hk.
A.
dolabriformis, Grah.
Willd.
dulcis,'
.
Finlaysonia, Grah.
.

&

303
306
305
286
302
305

Finlaysoniana,Wall. 301
flexuosa, Grah.
303
geminata, W. & A. 303
grandiflora, Wall.
301
Jiringa, Wall. .
.
304
Kcen'igii, W. & A.
303
lignosa, Grah.
.286
lobata, Grah.
305
lueida, Wall.
299, 303
subfalcata, Zoll.
306
umbellata, Willd.
303
umhrosa, Wall.
302
ventricosa, Grah.
301
Wightiana, Grah.
303
Xylocarpa, DC.
286
.

Main-

Intsia coriacea,

gay

275
275

....

Itea,

Linn

chinensis,

407
Hk.

A. 408

fragrans, Wall.
macrophylla, Wall.
nutans, Boyle
.

Blume

DC.
mappacea, Korth
media, Korth
malaccensis,

Rumph

floribunda, Thwaites 415

glandulosa, Hochst. 414
grandiflora, W. 4" A. 415
heterophylla, Hb.W. 414

471
471

.472

nigra)

Page

474
475

.473

Page

472

479
492
471

Gibs
pulchella, Miq.

purpurascens, DC.
purpurea, Wall.

.472

samarangends, Bl.

473

8amarangensis, DC. 474

sylvesfris alba,

....

Rumph

Miq.
Teysmanni, Miq.

tenuicuspis,

471
482
480

DC.
.474
urceolata, Korth
476
Wightiana, Blume
482
vulgaris,

409
408
408

Johnia congesta, Dalz.

&

Gibs.

.210

&

.271

Blume

.587
.587

.483

472
alba, Miq..
471, 473
alba, Rumph
474
amplexicaulis, DC.
471
aguea, DC
473
bifaria Miq.
.478
bracteata, Miq.
485
coarctata, Blume
474
conferta, Korth
480
cyUndrica, Thwaites 480
densiflora. Korth
473
domestica, Blume
472
domestica, Rumph
471
amvula,

firma,

Blume

formosa, Walp.
glabrata, DC.
grandis, Blume
inophylla, Miq.
lata,

Blume

DC.
DC.

laurifolia,
lineata,

diffusa, Forsk.

exaltata,

fluviatilis,

fruticosa,

Blume
DC.

longipes, Griff.

.587
.587
.587

DC.

repens, Linn.
scabra, Willd.

597
587
587

587
587
587

suffruticosa, Linn.

Swarziana, DC.

villosa,

.587

Lamk.

Kalanchoe, Adans.

480

acutiflora,

acutiflora,

.476
.481
.479

floribunda, Griff.

octophila,

Roxb.

478
487

Haw.
Kurz

.414
.416

414
Camb. 415

brasiliensis,

crenata, Oliv.
crenata, Oliv.

floribunda,

W.

415

.416
415

.414
.415

Wightiana, Wall.
Kandelia,
$ A.
Rheedii, W. $ A:
Kanilia caryophyl-

437

.437

loides, Blume
438
parviflora, Blume
438
Kariviajavanica, Miq. 623
.

'625

Bheedii, Roem.
sanwensis, A. Gray
umbellata, Arn.
.

Kendriekia, H.f.
Walkeri, H.f.

Keyserlingia, Bunge
Kibessia, DC.
.

624
625
526
526
251

.552

552
552
552
552
553

Kiesera sericea, Reinw. Ill

?, Wall. .
.408

Kurrimia

.476
.471

tuberculata, H. f.

500

414

.414

501

444
Jussisea, Linn.
587
angustifolia, Lamk. 587
Burmanni, DC.
.587
demmbens, Wall.
587

Haw.
Haw.

Lour

teretifolia,

varians,

414

.413

Juglans Catappa,
Jambolifera pedunculated, Gaertn
Jambosa acuminatissima, Hassk. .

Bitchieana, Dalz.
spathulata,
spathulata, Wall.
teretifolia, Wall.

acuminata, Dene.
cnpularis, Dene.
pubescens, Dene.
simplex, Korth.

DC.

.415

272
272
500

triandra, Roxb.
Jossinia indica, W.
lueida,

DC.
Ham.

nudicaidis,

A. .183
Wightii, W.
Johrenia alpina,enzl. 605
Jonesia Asoca, Roxb. . 271
pinnata, Willd.
scandens, Roxb.

laciniata,

pinnata, Pers.

BC

&

pauciflora, Dalz.

palembanica, Miq.
Involucraria Wallichii,
Seringe
607
Irina integerrima, Bl.
7
.

macrocarpa, Miq.
macrophylla, DC.

771

.414
.415
A. 414

Lablab cultratus, DC. 209

leucocarpus, DC.
209
lignosus, Grah. .
.209
.

microcarpus,

DC.

nanMnensis, DC.
perennans, DC.
vulgaris, Savi

209
209
209
209

Lachnopodium rubrolimbatum, Blume 523

Lagenaria, Seringe
613
hispida, Seringe
.613
.

idolatrica,

Seringe
Seringe
vulgaris, Seringe
Lagerstroemia, Linn.
.

vittata,

.612
.613
.

calyculata, Kurz
cuspidata, Wall.

elegans, Wall.

Blume
floribunda, Jack
Fatioi,

Flos-Rftginse, Betz

grandiflora,

Roxb
3

d 2

613
575
576
577
575
575
577
577
579

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

772
hexaptera, Miq.

hirsuta, Eottl.

hypoleuea, Kurz
indica, Linn.
lanceolata, Wall.

Page

577
476
577
575
576
575
577
576
575
578

javanicum, Blume
464
scabrum, Wall.
407
stamineum, Wall. . 407
Lespedeza, Mich. . .142
argyraa, Sieb. . .142
cuneata, G. Don .
.142

Bedd.
macrocarpa, Wall.
lanceolata,

Page

microcarpa, "Wight

Roxb.
pubescens, Wall.
parviflora,

.577

RegincB, Roxb. .
Rottleri, C. B. C.
tomentosa, Presl.

576
578
576
578

venusta, Wall. .
villosa, Wall.
.
.
Lagonychium Stephanianum, M. Bieb.
Laterpitium, Wall.
? coniifolium, Wall.
striatum, Wall.
Lasiobema anguina,
.

288
695
700
699

cashmericus, Royle

Lag.

erectus,

.179
.180
180
1 79
180

.180

284
284

Lathyrus, Linn. .
altaicus, Led.
angulatus, Benth.
Aphaca, Linn. .

himalensis, Camb.
178
inconspicuus, Linn. 180
luteus, Baker
.
.180
.

ovatus,

Royle

.180

pratensis, Linn.
sativus, Linn.
.
sphsericus, Retz.
tingitanus, Linn.

Lawsonia, Linn.
alba, "Lamk.
inermis,

180

.179
180
180
573
573

Roxb.

.573

purpurea, Lamk.
spinosa, Linn.
.

Lecythideje
Legnotidbje
.
Leguminos-e
Leucymmcea, Presl.
.

573
573

.463
.435

...

56
512
Leobordea lotoides, Del. 64
Lepidocoma trifoliatum, Jungh.
229
Leptodesmia, Benth.
152
congesta, Benth.
152
.

Leptospartion grandiflorum, Griff.

.579

Leptospekme-e;

>

elliptica,

.144
.143

Benth.

eriocarpa,

DC.

hirta, Elliott

143

.144

Gerardiana, Grah.
glomerata, Horn.
glomerata, Hornem
.

indica, Spreng.

142
143
143

.143

220
229

juncea, Pers. .
.
.142
juncea, Wall.
94, 142
kanaorensis, Camb. 142
lagopoides, Pers.
.
156
lineata, Pers.
228
macrostyla, Baker
143
paniculata, Royle
144
.

Kurz

parviflora,

.144

,144

Royleana,Miq.
sericea, Miq.
sericea, Royle
Thomsoni, Benth.
.

tomentosa, Sieb.

142

144
143
142

Camb.

variegata,

144
143

pinetorum, Kurz

Leucsena, Benth.
.290
glauca, Benth.
290
.
Leucodictyon malvensis, Dalz.
Gibs. 192
? Levisticum argutum,
Lindl.
699
Ligusticum, Linn.
698
.

&

....

Afawain, Fleming
Ajouan, Roxb.
angelicoides, Wall.
Benthami, Wall.
Brunonis, Wall.
Candollii, Wall.
.

DC.

.
.

diffusum,

Roxb.

682
682
703

.703

dentatum, Wall.

coniifolium,

706
703
700
704

.693

698
Govanianum, Wall. 702
indicum, Wall.
693
marginatum, C. B.
elatum, C. B. C.

Clarke

462
Leptospermum, Forst. 464
amboinense, Blume 464
flavescens, Sm.
464
jloribundum, Jungh. 464
.

decora, Kurz
elegans, Camb.

Miq
Hortfeldii, Miq.

involucrata, Wall.

? meoid.es,

.698

Jacquem. 671

nepalense, Don.
.
720
obtusiusculum, Wall. 673
?

pumilum, Wall.
704
roiundatum, Wal.
703
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 698
.

Page

Limeum, Linn.

indicum, Stocks

664
664

Liquidambar Altingia,

....

Blume

Altingiana,

Blume

Miq.
Loropetalum, Br.
tricuspis,

chinense, Oliv.

429
429
429
428
428
57
64
64

Lotejb
Lotononis, DC.
Leobordea, Benth.
Lotus, Linn.
.

.
.

...

9.1

Wall.
corniculatus, Linn.
bracteatus,

Garcini,

91
91
91

DC.

indicus, Desv.

major,

Scop.
Stocksii, Boiss.

63

91
91

Lourea, Neck.
.154
campanulata, Benth. 155
microphylla, Wall.
154
.

obcordata, Desv.
paniculata, Wall.

154

.154
.154

reniformis, DC. .
vespertilionis, Desv.

Ludwigia, Linn.

154
598
588

Ludia foetida, Roxb.

.

Ham.
.588
fruticulosa, Blume
588
diffusa,

jussiaoides, Wall
lythroides, Blume

588
588
parviflora, Roxb.
588
588
prostrata, Roxb.
614
Luffa, Cav
615
acutangula, Roxb.
acutangula, W. & A. 614
.

.'

segyptica, Mill.

amara, Roxb.
amara, Wall.

Bindaal, Roxb.
Cattu-picinna, Ser.
.

clayata,

Roxb.

cytindrica,

Roem.

echinata, Roxb.

Goza, Wall.

graveolens, Roxb.
hederacea, Wall. .
Kleinii,

W.$

longistylis,

A.

Parvala, Wall.
pentandra, Roxb.
Petola, Seringe
Plukenetiana, DC.
racemosa, Roxb. .
Satpatia, Wall. .
.

614

.614
.

614

.615,

.614
.

Edgw.

tuberosa, Roxb.

.614
.615
.618
.615

614
614
616
615

.614
.

614

.614
.

615
614

.614
..618

Roem.

616

Lumnitzera, Willd.

451

umbellata,

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

W.

coccinea,

A.

452
452
452
452

Voigt.
.
pentandra, Griff.
racemosa, Willd.
Lupinus cochinchinensis, Lour.
trifoliatus, Cav.
littorea,

trifoliatus, Rottl.

75
92
82
565
565

....
....

Jjythrum fruticosum,
Linn
Pemphis, Linn. f.

572
573

Wight

iana,

573

Macrolobium bijugum,
Coleb

Macronyx

275
strigosus,

Macrotropis bancana,

Miq

254
253
317
318
318
428

sumatrana, Miq.
Maddenia,
f # T.
himalaica, H.f.
f T.
pedicellata, H.f.
Maingaya, Oliv.
malayana, Oliv.
.428
Malus communis, Desv. 373
.

Mammea

.373

asiatica, L.

Mangifera, Linn.
axillaris,

Lamk.

507

13

23

...

Jack.
caloneura, Kurz
domestica, Gsertn.
foetida, Lour.
.
csesia,

fattida,

Blume

foetida,

Miquel

fragrans,

Maingay
H.

gracilipes,
Griffithii,

f.

H.f

Horsfieldii,

Miq.

...
indica, Thwaites
indica, Wall. ...

indica, Linn.

lagenifera, Griff.
longipes, Griff. .

Maingayi, H.f.

policarpa, Griff. .
quadrifida, Jack.
sclerophylla,

16
15
19
15
16

145

H.f

superba, H.f
sy 1 va ti ca, Roxb.

H.f.

Manna

hebraica, Don
nepalensis, Don .

.145

Maranthes multijlora,
Korth
310
Marlea, Eoxb.
.742
743
affinis, Dene
alpina,
744
f.$T.
barbata, R. Br.
743
begonisefolia, Roxb. 743
ebenncea, C. B. C.
742
Griffithii, C. B. C.
742
nobilis, C. B. C.
.^ 743

microphylla, Griff.

19
14
14
18
19
17
18
16
14
19
13
16
15

18
15
17
17

.541

nemorosa, Blume

Blume
Korth
Blume

stellulata,

zeylanica,

Mastersia, Benth.
cleistocarpa,

Baker

Mastixia, Bl.

arborea, C. B. C.
bracteata, C. B. C.
cuspidata, Bl.

542
542
542
542
542
542
542
195
195
745

.745

746

.746

Juoghuhniana,

C. B.
Clarke
.746
Maingayi, C. B. C.
746
pentandra, Bl.
746
tetrandra, C. B. C.
745
.

trichotoma, Bl.

Mecopus, Bennett

.746
.160

denticulata, Willd.

falcata, Linn.

laciniata, All.

lupulina, Linn.

160
89
90
90
90
90
90

minima, Lamk.

91

orbicularis, All.

nidulans, Bennett

Medicago, Linn.
canescens, Grab.

sativa,

Wall.

polymorpha, Boxb.
procumbens, Besser.
sativa, Linn.

erythrophyllum,

Wall

547

Gardn. 548
549
547
himalayana, H.f.
549
macrocarpa. Blume 547
maculata, Gardn.
548
Maingayi, C. B. C. 549
malabarica, Bedd.
548

fuchsioides,

Griffithii, C. B. C.
Hasseltii, Blume

...
...

90
90
90
90
90

merguiensis, C. B.

Clarke
pauciflora,

....
H.f.

radicans, Bedd.

Marumia, Blume
affinis, Korth
echinulata, Naud.

C.

rosea,

."743

reticulata,

C. B.

tomentosa, Endl.

Naud.

546
548
crassifolia, Triana
547
erythrophylla, Ldl. 587
Beddomei,

oligantha,

Page
Medinilla, Gaud.

20

Dalz
Ill
Macropanax, Miq.
.738
floribundum, Miq.
738
glomeruhtum, Miq. 737
oreophilum, Miq.
738
undulatum, Seem.
738

baccata, Desv.

zeylanica,

Macklottia amboinensis, Korth.

.464
javanica, Korth.
464
Maclellandia^ Griffith.

H.f.

...

Lythbke:
Ltthracb^;

Page
16
odorata, Griff.
.
17
21
oppositifolia, Eoxb.
14
pentandra, H.
.
42
pinnata, Koen.
obloDgifolia,

773

Gaud.

.549

Blume
Blume
Walkeri, Wight

rubicunda,
speciosa,
?

Mediniixeje

549

548
547

547
549
526

.513

Melaleuca, Linn.
.
Cajuputi, Roxb.
Cumingiana, Turcz.
decurrens, Wall.
.
eugenifolia, Wall.
lancifolia, Turcz.
Leucadendron, Linn.
Leucadendron, Lam.
minor, Sm.
,
.

saligna,

Blume

viridiflora, Gsertn.

464
465
465
467
467
465
465
465
465

.465
.

465

Melanium fruticosum,
Spreng

578
38
39
39
auriculata, H.f
Maingayi, H.f
39
tomentosa, H. f
38
Melanorrhcea, Wall.
25
glabra, Wall.
25
Maingayi, H.f.
:
25
25
usitata, Wall.
.
Wallichii, H.f.
25
523
Melastoma, Linn.
annulatum, Wall.
546
anoplanthum, Naud. 523

Melanochyla, H.
angustifolia, H.f.

asperum, Linn.
barbatum, Wall.
brachyodon, Naud.
.

bracteatum, Jack.
bracteatum, Wall.
cernua, Roxb.
.

cernuum, Wall.

Roxb.
crinitum, Naud.

crinita,

.519
.

546
524
543
543

.526
545

.517

524

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

774*

Page
curva, Roxb. \
cyanoides, DC.

.522

decemfidum, Jack.
ellipticum,

eximium, Blume
fallax, Wall.
fasciculare,

Naud.

exigua, Jack.

544,

Naud.

Findlaysonii, Wall.
? glauca, Griff. .
glauca, Jack.
.

glaucum, Wall.

gracile, Jack.

525

.
.

Houtteanum, Naud.
imbricatum, Wall.

lanuginosura, Blume
laurifolium, Wall. .

Wall.
malabathricum, L.
malabathricum,J&ck.
microphyllum, Na ud.
? litioreum,

moluccanum, Blame
napalensis, Lodd.
nemorosum, Jack.
.

524
525
527
549
545
524
525
545
546
545
545
524
524
525
547
528
523
524
525
522
524
542
524
523
528
544

normale, Don
? obvolutum, Jack.
oxyphyllum, Benth.
pallida, Jack.
petiolare, Wall.
.545
.

polyanthum, Blume 523

polyanihum, Benth. 546
pulchella, Roxb.
.518
pulverulentum, Jack. 550
Blume,
reflexa,
550
rhodocarpum, Wall. 542
rotundifolium, Jack. 541
Royenii, Blume
525
rubicimda, Jack.
547
rubicundum, Jack.
550
rubiginosum, Wall,
544
rugosa, Roxb.
525
sanguineum, Sims.
524
smilacifolia, Wall.
550
triflorum, Naud.
525
vagans, Roxb.
.526
Wallichii, DC.
524
.

MelastomacejE
Melastomeae

Melilotus, Juss.
.
alba, Lamk.
altissima, Thuill.

...

hltissima, Wall.

emodi, Wall.
indica, All.

...
...

leucantha, Koch.
macrorhiza, Pers.

minima, Roth.

officinalis, Willd.

89
89
89
89
88
89
89
89
89
89

89
89

Page
edule,
edule,

Roxb.
563
Thw. 557, 563, 564
.

Kurz

554

elegans,

elegantulum, Thw. . 555

ellipticum, Thwaites 556

H.f...
ferruginea, S. & Z.

4
5
4
5

floribundum, Wall. . 499

floribundum, Wall.
564
fuscescens, Thwaites 562

dilleniaefolia, Wall.
elliptica,

Wall.

Blume

integrifolia,

lanceolata,
lancifolia,

nitida,

H.f.

Blume

pinnata, Boxb.
pungens, Wall.

pungens, Wall.
rigida, Sieb.

& Zucc.

4,

7
5
6
6

4
4
4

Roxb. .
5
sumatrana, Jack.
6
Wallichii, Planch.
6
Wightii, Planch.
4
.
Melothria, Linn.
625
bicirrhosa, C. B. C. 627
deltoidea, Thwaites
626
fcetida, Lamk.
.
627
indica, Lour.
626
simplicifolia,

odorata,
Begelii,

Hk. f.
Naud.

Wallichii,

T.

B. C.

zeylanica, C. B. C.

Memeceyleje

Memecylon, Linn.
acuminatum, Smith
acuminatum, Wall.
.

amabile, Bedd.

626
626
626
626

.513
.

553
562
565

.555

ambiguum, Blume
557
Amherstianum, C. B.
.

Clarke
.
.557
amplexicaule, Boxb. 559
angustifolium, W. . 562
.

Arnottianum, Thw.
australe, F. Muell.

campanulatum,

.512
.512

.
.

Meliosma, Blume
acuminata, Royle
Arnottiana, Wight

cseruleum, Jack.
cceruleum, Kurz

parviflora, Desf.
vulgaris, Willd.

Clarke

553
555
559

.554

C. B.

....

563
campongum, Miq.
554
capitellatum, Heyne 564
capitellatum, Linn.
564
capitellatum, Thw.
564
celastrinum, Kurz
558
cerasiforme, Kurz
557
cordatum, Wall.
559
costatum, Miq.
558
cuneata, Thwaites
564
deccanense, C. B. C. 560
depressum, Benth.
559
edule, Boxb.
.563
edule. Lamk.
563
.

Trana

flayescens,

562

Blume 561

garcinioides,

Gardneri, Thwaites 553

globiferum, Wall.
.
563
gracile, Bedd.
555
grande, Betz.
.
557
grande, Blume .
558
grande, Wall.
.564
Griffithianum, Naud. 554
Griffi'hianum, Kurz 558
heteropleurum, Bl.
557
Heyneanum, Benth. 560
.

Wight 560

Heyneanum,

Hookeri, Thwaites
Horsfieldii, Miq.
intermedium, Blume
jambosoides, Wight
.

laevigatum,

Blume

554
558
561
560
5C1

laxifiorum, Wall.
.
557
leucantha, Thwaites 564
lucidum, Presl.
.564
.

lutescens, Presl.

macrocarpum, Thw.
macrophyllum, Thw.
Maingayi, C. B. C.
manillamim, Naud.
microstomum, C. B.
Clarke

....

559
556
5c 9

557
559

557

Blume 555

myrsinoides,
myrtifolium,

Wall. 564
Myrtilli, Blume
561
obtusum, Wall.
564
orbiculare, Thwaites 560
ovatum, Sm.
564
ovoideum, Thwaites 556
pachydermia, Wall.
561
parvifolium, Thw.
556
pauciflorum, BUime 555
565
pauciflorum, Wall.
.

phyllanthifolium,

Thwaites
plebejum, Kurz
.

563

.561

prasinum, Naud.
proeerum, Thwaites
pulchrum, Kurz
punctatum, Presl.
pyrifolium, Naud.
.

564
556
'559

564
563
564
pyrifolium, Presl.
pyriforme, Wall.
565
revolutum, Thwaites 560
.

AND SYNONYMS.

-INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES

Page

Page

rhinophyllum, Thw. 562

rostratum, Thwaites 562

Wall.
.
Wall.
.
subquadr angular e,

sessile,

sessile,

DC
subtrinervium, Miq.

sylvaticum,7'Awa^e5
terminate, Dalz.
tinctorium, Keen.
.
tinctorium, W. & A.
umbellatum, Benth.
umbellatum, Blume.
umbellatum, Burm.
umbellatum, Heyne .
umbellatum, Thw.
varians, Thwaites .
.

564
565

glaucescens, Kurz
leiogyna, Kurz .
leucantha, Kurz

561
558
563
564

Maingayi, Baker

555

pallida, Dalz.

561
563
564

pendula, Benth.

564
556

.561

564
Wightianum, Triana 560
Wightii, Thwaites
554
Mespilus acuminata,
Lodd
385
385
.
affinis, Don
bengalensis, Roxb.
371
.

Don
Ham.

crenulata,

tinctoria,

Banks

Don

.381
.372
.

372

.371

Mezierea Grijfithiana,
A. DC
644
nepalensis, A. DC. . 643
Mezoneurum, Desf.
.
257
cucullatum, W. $ A. 258
enneaphyllum,
W. $ A.
258
.
.
glabrum, Desf. . . 258
.

grandis,

Heyne

macrophyllum, Bl.

pubescens, Desf.

sumatranum, W.

258
258
259

$
259

Micromeles verrucosa,

378
stricta,

Walp.
sublobata, Walp.

189
189
190

Microtropis coriacea,

.109
109
107

.109
105
110
106

Kurz
Kurz

107
Benth. 106

paehycarpa,

.105
.

105

Piscidia,

Wight
pubinervis, Kurz

.107

pulchra, Benth.

.104

<$[

105
A. 104

racemosa, Benth.
sericea,

W.

fy

106

A.

.104

A. 104

splendens, W.

Kurz

440
104
atropurpurea, Benth. 108
auriculata, Baker
108

$ Am.

Kurz 108

Page
Intsia, Linn.

297
305
305
Kalkora, Roxb.
300
Khinii, Poir
294
.
Latronum, Linn.
296
leucophlaa, Roxb.
294
lucida, Roxb.
299, 303
margin ata, Lam.
299
micwphylla, Roxb. 301
monadelpha, Roxb. 303
291
mutabilis, Roxb.
natans, Roxb.
.285
.
303
nitida, Vahl.
.
296
obovata, Roxb. .
291
octandra, Roxb
odoratissima, Linn. 299
pedunculata, Roxb. 289
pennata, Linn.
297
procera, Roxb.
299
Jiringa, Jack.
Kceringa, Roxb.

pudica, Linn.

.291

pulchella, Roxb.

Lam.

rubicaulrs,

106
Benth.
246
Millingtonia, Roxb.
3
simplicifolia, Wall.
4

Bottleri, Spreng.
rug ata, Lam.
.
scandens, Linn.
sepiaria, Benth. .

.291

tetraptera,

thyrsiflora,

Mimosa, Linn.

Sprang. 296
Adenanthtra, Boxb. 286
abstergent,

agrestis, Sieb.

alba, Bottl.

Roxb.
amara, Roxb.
arabica, Lam.
arborea, Thunb.
albida,

armata, Rottl.
bigemina, Linn.

.294
.294
.301
.293
300

288

.291

303
289
casia, Linn.
297
.
Catechu, Roxb.
295
catechuoides, Roxb. 295
cinerea, Linn.
297
296
concinna, Willd.
concordiana, Roxb. 303
cornigera, Linn.
296
dulcis, Roxb.
.302
dumosa, Roxb.
296
eburnea, Linn. f.
293
eburnea, Roxb.
293
elata, Roxb.
.299
.
frondosa, Heyne
294
Famesiana, Linn.
292
ferruginea, Rottl.
297
295
ferruginea, Roxb.
hamata, Willd.
.291
heterophylla f Roxb. 306
biglobosa,

Roxb.
.

Wall

Brandisiana,

ovalifolia,

108

Walp
suberosa,

Millettia, Wt.

monticola,

.107
.105
.109
.106

Dene
Micropteryx

rubiginosa, W.

Scheffer
.
Walkeri, Hook'

japonica,

559
564

Vosm&rianum,

Cuila,

Baker

cserulea,

cana, Benth.
.
caudata, Baker
cinerea, Benth. .
eriantha, Benth.
extensa, Benth. .
fruticosa, Benth.

Boyenii, Blume .
564
.
rubro-caerulea, Thw. 564
scutellatum, Naud. . 564

775

horrida,

Sm.

.293

301
291
291

.296

287
291
298
Sirissa, Roxb
Smithiana, Roxb. . 300
speciosa, Jacq.
298
spinosisiliqua, Rottl. 291
stipulacea, Roxb.
300
Suma, Roxb.
294
.
Sundra, Roxb.
295
tamariscina, Heyne 294
tenuifolia, Roxb.
297
tomentosa, Roxb.
294
torta, Roxb.
.297
trapezifolia, Roxb. 305
286
triquetra, Vahl.
303
umbellata, Vahl.
.

virgata, Linn.

xylocarpa,

Mimoseje
MlMOSOIDEiE

.290

286

266

DC.

....
.

61

Mitrosicyos lobatus,

Maxim.

.633

Modecca, Lam.
aliena. Wall.
apiculata. Mast.
cardiopbylla, Mast.
.

cordifolia,

Blume

601
603
603
602
602
661

Wall.
603
furfuracea, Wall.
? heterophylla, Kurz. 602
diversifolia,

integrifolia,

Lam.

integrifolia,

W&U.

nicobarica,

Kurz

603
603
603

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

776
palmata, Lam.

Page
603

Blume 603

populifolia,

singaporeana, Mast. 601

Roxb.

trilobata,

tuberosa,

Roxb.

Wightiana, Wall.

....

Modecceje

Mollugine^

Mollugo, Linn.

.659

Beringe
Cerviana, Seringe
Seringe
disticha,
Glinus, A. Rich.

bellidiflora,

hirta,-

Thunb.

Linkii, Seringe
lotoides,

W.

nudicaulis,
parviflora,

602
603
601
599

662
664
663
663
662
662

.663

A.

Lamk.
DC.
.

pentaphylla, Linn.
Spergula, Linn.
stricta, Linn.
triphylla, Lour.
umbellata, Seringe
.

verticillata, Roxb.
Momordica, Linn.

Balsamina, Linn.
Balsasnina, Wall.
caharata, Wall.
~-harantia, Linn.

662
664
562
663

.662
.663
.

663
663
662
616
617
617
631
616

.618

Cymbalaria, Fenzl. 618

denudata, Thwaites 618
dioica,

Roxb.

Wall.
Hamiltoniana,
dioica,

.617
.618

Wall

617
617

Heyneana, Wall.
humilis, Wall.
.617
Luffa, Linn.
614
Missionis, Wall.
617
mixta, Roxb.
.618
monadelpha, Roxb. 621
.

muricata, DC.
Paina, Wall.
renigera, Wall.

.617
.633
.617
senegalensis, Lamk. 617
subangukita, Blume 617
tubiflora, Roxb.
.611
tubiflora, Wall.
.615
.

umbellata, Roxb.

Roem.

Wallichii,

625
617

Monoxora spectabilis,
Wight
.469
Moringa, Lamk.
45
.

Concanensis,

Mm.

Lamk.
jwlygoua, DC.
oleifera,

zeylanica, Pers.

...

Moringe.2B
Mucuha, Adans.
acuminata, Grah.

anguina, Wall
atropurpurea, DC.
.

bracteata, DC. .
capitata, W. A.

Kon

Ham.
gigantea, DC.
? gracilis,

hirsuta,

cotinifolia,

Grah.

W.

dens?flora,

macrocarpa, Wall.

prurita, Hook.

Wall. .
utilis, Wall. .
vekitina, Hassk.

reota,

Mukia,

Am.

45

45
45

nigra,

Blume

Heynei, Spreng.
Jambus, Kunth.
javanica, Blume

monosperma, DC.
monosperma, Wall

Ham.
nivea, DC.
pruriens, DC.

473
502
474
.
473
502
latifolia, Heyne
Leucadendron, Linn. 465
littoralis, Roxb.
502
macrophylla,S])rerig. 472
malaocensis, Spreng. 472
qnadrangu laris,
486
Ham

A.

DC.

imbricata,

502

Spreng. 501
Cumini, Linn.
499
cymosa, Blume . .496
cymosa, Spreng.
.
482

corymbosa, Grah.
cristata,

462
502
505
469
490
501
462

androsamoides, Poir.
bracteata, Willd..
braziliana, Linn.
.
camscens, Lour
caryophyllata, Linn.
Commersonii, Spr.
communis, L.
.
coromandeliana,

.
.

ruscifolia,

Willd.
486,
.
saUgna, Gmel
smilacifolia, Wall.
Soneratii, Spreng.
.

leiosperma, Thw.

scabrella,

Am.

623
110
105
110

Mundulea, DC.

cochirichinensis,

Spreng.

Page

pterygosperma,GTtn

pulchra, Benth.
suberosa, Benth.
Muricia cochinchinen.

ts,-Lour.

Myonima

462
Linn. 432
indicum, Linn.
432

Ait
Myriophyllum,

.432
.433
.

intermedium, DC.
intermedium, Wight
.

lineare,

Heyne

spicatum, Linn.
tetrandrum, Roxb.
tuberculatum, Roxb.
varicefolium, Hook.
verticillatum, Linn.
.

Myrobalanus
Gaertn

Mtbtace^:
Myrteje

433
433
432
433
433
433
432
433
433

trinervia,

Sm.

Narthex Asafcetida,
Falc

707

Nelitris pallescens,

Miq
paniculata, Lindl.
polygama, Spreng.

polymorphs, Bl.
Nematopyxis fruticulosa,Miq.
prostrata, Miq.
pusilla, Miq.

470
470
470
470

588

^588

Neptunia, Lour.
oleracea, Lour. .
plena, Benth.
.
triquetra, Benth.
.

588
285

.285
.286
.

286

Nescea triflora, Kunth. 565

belerica,

Chebula, Gaertn.
citrina, Gaertn.

Ham.

618

spicata,

tomentosa, Ait.
zeylanica, Linn.

multiflora,

indicum, Griff.
indicum, Wight
indicum, Willd.

502
465
468
485
502
469
468
485

445
446

.446

....

462
463

Myrtus acuminatissima,
Bl
483
amboinensis, Rumph. 464

.368
Neurada, Linn.
368
procumbens, Linn.
.

Neuradeje
Neurocarpmi

.308

cajatus-

209
folium, Presl.
209
retusum, Hassk.Neustantkus javanicus,
Benth. . . . .199
.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND STNONYMS.

Page
peduncularis, Benth. 197
phaseoloides, Benth. 199

Miq.
.199
subspicattts, Benth.
199
sericans,

Nicolsonia,
congesta-,

DC.
Wight

.170
.152

reptam, Meissn.

capitata,

W.

&

&A
.

H.f.

,
.

Octhocaris, Blume
javanica, Bkime
paniculata, Korth.

725
734
727
39
40

40
40
183
747
747

528
528
528
29
Odina, Boxb.
212
trinervia, Spreng.
Wodier, Boxb.
29
(Enanthe, Linn.
695
benghalensis, Benth. 696
cortieata, Edgw.
696
Hookeri, C. B. C.
697
696
javanica, DC.
696
laciniatum, Miq.
696
linearis, Wall.
stolonifera, Wall.
696
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 697
(Enothera
.582
.

...

Schmidt

Uevigatus,

Osbeckia. Linn.

Bedd.

50

Chulesis,

DC.
Camb.

.582
.
.

141
92

.140
heterophylla, C. A. M. 142
.

rotnndifolium, Desv.
92
Stewartii, Baker
141
.
Ononis, Linn. . ... 85
altissima, Lam.
85
arvensis, Linn.

85

Don

confertiflora,

181

180

.180

661

crinita,

Naud.

BG.

Eheedii,

Bedd.
Thwaites

Don

rostrata,
serialis,

Am.

rubicunda,

Naud.

Don

speciosa,

stellata,

Don

stellata,

Naud.

stellata, Wall.

.
.

ternifolia,

Don

520

tetrandra,

Roxb.

.520
514

519

.518
.

519
518

.516
.515
.516
.522

Naud. 514
.

520

&

521

.521
,521
.515
.

521

.518
.

520
515

.517
520

.516
.522
.517
.517
.517
.517
.617
.

truncata, Don
.
truncata, Am.
virgata, W.
A.
virgata, Wight

DC.

.513

.515
.519

polycephala, Naud.
pidchella, Wall.

.517
.517
cupularis, Bon
.514
debilis, Naud
.516
decora, Wall.
.515
Gardneriana, Wight 520
glabrata, Wall.
.515
glauca, Benth.
.519
glauca, Naud.
.516
crinita, Benth.

nepalensis, Hook.
nutans, Wall.
.

605

518

.519
.519

reticulata,

.181

.515
.

Naud
.514
myrtifolia, Blume .515
muralis,

octandra,

.661

buxifolia, Thwaites
campestris, Wall.
capitata, Benth. .

chinensis, Linn.
chinensis, Linn.

Blume

linearis,

parvifolia, Arn.

.514

longicollis, Wall.
minor, Thwaites
minor, Triana
Moonii, Thwaites

brachystemon, Ndn.

Am.

520

.519

Thwaites
514, 515
Leschenaultiana, W. 514

aspera, Blume
aspera, Bot. Mag.
aspericaulis, H.f.
buxifolia,

&

stellata,

Don

.518

BG.

181

decumbens, Forsk.

angustifolia,

Am.

Leschenaultiana,
Dalz.
Gibs.
Leschenaultiana,

orientalis, Boiss.

Kleinii,

W. & K.

luteus, Linn.

hispidissima, Wight 516

japonica, Naud .
.515

.161

Orobus aureus, Stev.

Emodi, Wall.

alveolata,

Onithopus perpusillus,

51

...

cuneifolia,
diffusa,

Onobrychis, Gaertn.

.152

Ketz
.399
Omphalobium indicum,
Gaertn.
pinnatum, DC.

252
acuminata, Wall.
250
coarctata, Jacks.
253
floribunda, Wall.
252
glauca, Wall.
253
macrodisca, Baker
253
mksrosperma, Baker 253
parvifolia, Baker
253
robusta, Wight
252
travancorica, Bedd. 253
venosa, Baker
254

Orthospbrmeje

Oldenlandia digyna,

Onagkace^e

G. Don 152

Orygia, Forsk.

coronilloides,

sennoides, DC.
Orniosia, Jacks.

700
.

657

Haw
elata,

Page

Bedd.

gracilis,

Leschenaultiana,

Edgw.
.700
700
fllicifolia, Edgw.
152
Ormocarpum, Beanv.

.221

tricochleatum, Miq.
Nothopegia, Blume
aureo-fulva, Bedd.
Colebrookiana, Bl.
travancorica, Bedd.
Notonia Wightii,

sessiliflora,

85
85

Nysa, Linn.

567

A.
W.
.
Nothopanax fruticosum, Miq.
? pinnatum, Miq.

W.

.81

Oreocome Candolleana,

.221
A. .221

Page
91

173

nummularia,

&

Edgw

Nimmonia floribunda
Wight
Nomismia aurea,

W.& A.

&

Aucheri, Jb.
Sp.
glutinosa, Mart.
nircina, Jacq.
procurrens, Benth.
Opuntia DUlenii,

777

545

.514
.514
.

521

.521
Walkeri, Arn.
.519
Wightiana, Benth. .519
.

Wightiana, Bth. 514, 521

Wynaadensis,
G. B. Clarke

.521

Willd.
516
Bot Reg. 515
zeylanica, Naud.
515
zeylanica, Steud.
514
.
zeylanica,

.zeylanica,

Osbeckieje

.512

Osbeckioidea, Griff.
516
Osmelia, Thwaites.
.
595
zeylanica, Thwaites 595

Osmorrhiza,

DC.

brevistylis,DG.
Claytoni, C. B. C.
laxa,

Royle

istylis,

DC.

690
690
690
690
690

INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

778

Paee

Otanthera, Blume
bracteata,

522
522
522
523
522

Korth

cyanotdes, Triana

Koti-gueda, Naud. .
moluccana, Blume
nicobarensis, Teysm.
'& Binn.
.522
rubro-limbata, Link.
Otto
523
Otosema caudata, Bth. 109
109
externa, Benth.
109
fruticosa, Benth.
macrophylla, Benth. 101
Ougeinia, Benth.
.160
.
.

bijugum, Wall.

bipinnatifidum,

174

.144

.144

OxY SPORE JE

144

.144

144

paniculata, DC.
vagans, Wall.
.
vagans, Bot. Mag.
vagans, Wall.

525
526
525
526
525
526

.512
.137

Oxytropis, DC.
cachemirica, Camb. 139
.

chyliophylla,

Boyle

densa, Benth.
diffusa, Led.
floribunda, Benth.
glabra, DC.
.

Benth.
humifusa, Kar.

glacialis,

139

.133
.140
138

.140
.147

137
137
Meinshausenii,#cfo\ 139
microphylla. DC.
139
microrhyncha, Bth.
137
mollis, Boyle
.137
Stracheyana, Benth. 138
138
tatarica, Jacquem.
Thomsoni, Benth.
138
Ozodia foeniculacea,
W. & A. . . . 695

Gaud.

726

725

Seem

722
curcifolia, Griff.
735
decompositum,Wal\. 722
723
? foliolosum,Wal\.
Jragrans, Roxb.
734
fruticosum, Linn.
795
Ginseng, C.
Meyr. 721
? Heyneanum, Wall. 727
Jackianum, Wall.
734
Leschenaultii, DC.
724
Loureirianum, DC.
726
palmatum, Roxb.
735
pinnatum, Lamk.
734
polycarpum, Wall.
734
.

Pseudo-ginseng,
.

721
734

.738

tomentotum, DC.
728
tripinnatum, Wall.
722
Papilionaceje
56
Papularia crystallina,
.

...

Forsk

660
242

Paraderris, Benth.
Parastemon, A. DC. .312
urophyllum, A. DC. 312
Paratropia
capitata,
W. & A.
732
elliptica, Miq.
729
heterofhylla, Presl. 731
macrantha, Miq.
729
subulata, Miq.
730
terebinthacea, Ain.
730
venulosa, W. & A.
729
.

Dalz.

&

Gibs
Parinarium, Juss.
asperulum, Miq.

corymbosum

730
308

.310

310
costatum, Blume ?
309
dillenifolium, B. Br. 312
excel sum, G. Don.
312
Griffithiamim, Bth. 310
.311
Helferi, H. f.
'

Pachycenfria tuberculosa, Korth.

565
.

Walkni, Thwaites
Pachyrhizus, Rich.
angulatus, Rich.
mollis,

Hassk.

526
207
207

.199

indicum, Bedd.
.311
Jackianum, Benth. 312
.

.?

polyneurum, Miq.
salicifolium, Benth.
sumatrana, Jack.
? 8umatranum,K\xrz.
sumatranum, Benth.
travancoricum, Bedd.
Wallichianum,Wall.
Parishia, H.f.
.

...

H.f.
Maingayi, H. f.
pubescens, H.f.
Parkia, B. Br.
biglandulosa,
W. # A. .

.
.

309
310
309
311
309
311
311
29
30

30
30
289

.
289
Benth.
289
Brunonis, Grah.
289
insignis, Kurz.
.290
leiophylla, Kurz.
289
Roxburghii, G. Don. 289
Parkin sonia, Linn.
260
aculeata, Linn.
260
.
Parnassia, Linn.
.
401
403
affinis, H. f. & T.
cabulica, Planch.
403
.

biglobosa,

Wall
secunda, Schultz
serratum, Wall.

Wallichiana,

Page
multiflorum, Miq.
310
nitidum, H.f.
.310
blongifoliuin, H. f. 309

insignis,

Kir

lapponica,

720

.723

sericta, Grrah.

....
.

Oxyspora, DC.
cernua, Triana

.710

ramosissima, Thw.

Panaceje
Panax, Linn.

sty la, Lindl.

macrostyla, Wall.

stenocarpa. Klotz.
virgata, Wall.
.

armatum, Wall.

.275

.725

.207

161

dalbergioides,

Benth
Outea bijuga, DC.
Oxydium, Bennett.
Oxyramphis macro-

DC.

aculeatum, Ait.

....

&

trilobus,

Padbruggia dasyphylla,
.110
Miq.
Palimbia ramosissima,
709
DC

foliosa,

H.f $

foliosa,

Drude

T.
.

Laxmanni,

402

.402

403
403
mysorensis, Heyne
402
nubicola, Wall.
402
Kummularia, Drude 402
ornata, Wall.
402
.
ovata, Ledeb.
403
palustris, Linn.
401
pusilla, Wall.
403
Schmidii, Zenker.
402
subacaulis, K. & K. 403
tenella, H.f $ T.
403
Pall.
maisorensis, Hend.

irinervis,

Drude

.403

Turczaninovii, Led. 403

Wightiana, Wall.
402
.

Parochetus, Hamilt.
communis, Hamilt.
mactilata, R. Br.
major, Don.

86
86
.
87
86
oxalidifolia, Royle
87
Paropsia, ISoronh.
600
600
malayana, Planch.
vareciformis, Mast. 600
Parrottia, C. A. Meyer 426
Jacquemontiana,
.

...
.

Dene
Passjflora,.Zwm.
caloneura, Kurz.

geminiflora, Don.

429
599
600
600

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Page

Petah)na

600
Leschenaultii, DC. 599
nepalensis, Wall.
600
penangiana, "Wall.
603
singaporeana, Wall. 606
Walkeri<B, Wight
599
Passiflorejb
.598
Heyneana, Wall.

Peucedan&e

.709
C. B. Clarke

Gibs
710
Hookeriana, Wight. 715
ligusticifolia, Wi ght. 715
rigens, Wight.
.715
Sprengeliana, Wight 715
Colebrookiaiba,
Pegia
Wt
40
nitida, Coleb.
.
.
28
Pellacalyx, Korth.
440
440
axillaris, Korth.
Peltophorum, Vogel.
257
dasyrachis, Kurz
257
femigineum, Benth. 257
Pemphis, Forst.
572
acidula, Forst.
573
angustifolia, Roxb. 573
Pentapanax, Seem.
728
Leschenaultii, Seem. 724
Leschenaultii, Seem. 725
micranthum, Wall.
724
parasiticum, Seem.
724
racemosum, Seem.
724
subcordatum, Seem. 724
umbellatum, Seem. 725

Dhana, Ham.

lapponica,
loncjicaulis,

Vogelii,

Roxb.
Roxb.
cremtlata, Roxb.
glabra, Roxb.
bialata,

coriacea,

macrocarpa, Wall.

paniculata, Roxb.

pyrifolia, Presl.

pyrifolia, Wall.

Boxburghii, Tul.
Saja, Wall.
.
tomentosa, Roxb.
undulata, Wall.
.

.
.

447

H.B.K.

'

449
448
448

448
448
448
453
452

distichum, Linn.

663

2Q0
202
199
207
206
203
204
206

.203
.

203
200

201

gonospermus, DC.
.

Dalz.
Gibs
202
grandis, Wall.
204
hcematocarpus, DC. 200
hiring Retz.
203
.
.
hirtus, Wall.
203
inamcenus, Linn.
200
lucens, Wall. .
.207
.
lunatus, Linn.
.
200
grandis,

.203

Mungo, Linn.
Mungo, Wall.
nanus, Linn.

DC.

oblongus,

.280

farinosus, Linn.
fuscus, Wall.
.
fusiformis, Grah.
glaber, Boxb.
.
glabrescens, Steud.

obovatus, Grah.

Pharnaceum Cerviana,
Linn
663
|

difformis, Wall.
dolichoides, Roxb.

velutina, Benth.

Grahamianus,
W. $ A.

203
219
200

.200

decurrens, Grrah.

multifiorus, Willd.

Lam.
compressus, DC.
cornutus, Blume

Max, Roxb.

.203

.448

amarus, Roxb.
200
angustifolius, Wall. 206

coccineus,

200

.200

cirrhosus,

126

....

Meyer
Roxb.

alatus,

711

.121

447
455
Pentaspadon, H.f
28
velutinus, H.f.
28
Peplis indica, Willd.
566
Pericopsis, Thwaites
252
Mooniana, Thwaites 252
Persica vulgaris, Mill. 313
Pestalozzia laxa, Thw. 633
pedata, Zoll. & Mor. 633
.

Benth.

Webb

F.

6r.

710

.137

adenanthus,

Ham.

.447

DC.

.447

circinalis,

angusti.

....

709

Phanera Blancoi, Bth. 278

bidentata, Benth.
279
bracteata, Benth.
282
diphylla, Benth.
278
diptera, Miq.
285
ehngata, Benth.
281
excelsa, Blume
283
glabrifolia, Benth.
281
glauca, Benth.
.283
Griffithiana, Benth. 283
ferruginea, Benth.
283
Finlaysoniana, Bth. 278
mtegrifolia, Benth.
279
lucida, Benth.
278
macrostachya, Bth. 282
nervosa, Benth.
.283
phmnicea, Benth.
283
purpurea, Benth.
284
retusa, Benth.
279
rufa, Benth.
.280
280
semibifida, Benth.
Vahlii, Benth.
. 279
variegata, Benth.
284

aureus, Ham.
.
calcaratus, Boxb.

Koxb.

709

.710

C.

folia,

Sowa, Kurz.
.
.709
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 711
Wallichianum, DC. 700
Phacaastragalina, DC. 124
cachemericg,, Benth. 126
.130
frigida, Linn.
.121
Hoffmeisteri,m.

Arjuna, Roxb.

662
664
662
pentagonum, Roxb. 662
pentaphyllum, Spr. 663
spathulatum, Spr.
664
strictum, Spreng.
663
triphyllum, Spreng. 663
Phaseoleje
58
Phaseolus, Linn.
200
aconitifolius, Jacq.
202
.

712

T.
.

Pentaptera

graveolens, Benth.
ramossisimum, Wall,
sikkimense, C. B.C.
? skardicum, C. B. C.

.701
.710

&

glaucum, H.f.
grande, C. B.

709

DC.
glaucum, DC.
dissectum,

.710

ceylanicum, Grardn. 710

708

Page

Mollugo, Linn. .
occultum, Forsk.
parviflorum, Roth.

&

660, 670

Peucedanum, Linn.

715

.312

coespiPetrosciadium
689
tosum, Edgw. .

Pastinaca, Candolleana,

A.

312

Steud
excelsa, Jack.

W. &

.452

Petrocarya dillenifolia,

glauca, Dalz.
grandis,
Dalz.

alternifolia,

Roxb.

779

pauciflorus, Dalz.

200
203
203
200
200
205

202

Gibs
psoraleoides,

W. $ A.
puberulus, H. B.
pubescens, Blume
.

pulniensis, Wight.

radiatus, Linn,

201

K. 200
203
206
203

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

780

Page

Page

Grah.
205
Boxburgkii,W.ScA. 203
rostratus, Wall.
200
saponaceus, DC.
200

repens,

seinierectus, Linn.

201

senegalensis,

200

Griiill.

sepiarius, Dalz.

03

spharicus, DC.
;00
201
sublobatus, Grah.
sublobatus, Wall.
*
202, 203
.

...

Ham.

Baker
Koxb.
.204

tenuicaulis,
torosus,

203
201

trilobus, Ait.
trilobus,

Wall.

201
202
203

Heyne
truxillensis, H. B.

trinerrius,

tumidus, DC.
tunkinenses, Lour.
velutinus, Grah.
vexillatus, Linn.
vulgaris, Linn.
vulgaris, Wall.
Wightianus, Grah.
.

Wightii,

W.

200
200
200
204
206
200
200
203

& A^203

200
682
stoloniferum, Roxb. 696
Philadelphus, Linn.
407
coronarius, Linn.
407
corymbosus, Wall.
406
nepalensis, Loud.
407
tomentosus, Wall.
407
triflorus, Wall.407

Xttaresii, Zuec.
Phellandrium, Wall.
.

Phlebochiton extensum,
Wall.
28
Photinia, Lindl.
380
? arguta, Wall.
382

....

Blumei, Dene.
? diibcia,

Lindl.

dubia, Wall.
.
dubia, Wenzig.
eugenifolia, Lindl.
Griffithii, Dene.
integrifolia, Lindl.
.

.380
.371
.371
.371
.

381

.381

381
Lindleyana, W. $ A. 380
longifolia, Dene.
370
micrantha, Dene.
381
mollis, H.f.
.381
Natoniana, Wall.
380
Notoniana, W. $ A. 380
polyneura, King
377
.

serrulata, Lindl.
subsessilis,

Phyllagathis,

King.

Blume

.
.

380
371
541

162
162
T. 405

vestitum, Benth.
Pileostegia, H.f. $
viburnoides,

H.f

.206

setidosus, Dalz.

subvohtbilis,

Desv

Blume 541

rotundifolia,

Phyllodiumpulchellum,

SfT.

405

Pileostigma malabarica, Benth.

racemosa, Benth.

acronemaefolia,
.

683
bella, C. B. Clarke 686
689
caespitosa, Benth.
anethifolia, Don.

$
.687

crinitum, Boiss.
diversifolia,

C.

B. C.

involucrata, Miq.
?

719
688

DC.

hastata, C. B. C.
Heyneana, Wall.

Hookeri,

.687
684
687
697

involucrata,

W.

&

A.

javana, DC.

682
687

lateriflora,

689
Dalz.
Lescbenaultii, DC. 687
monoica, Dalz.
.687
nervosa, C. B. Clarke 684
Parishiana, Kurz
688
688
pubescens, Wall.
rhodantha, Boiss.
685
Saxifraga, Linn.
685
sikkimensis, C. B. C. 685
sikkimensis, Benth. 699
4-

Gibs.

sinica,

Hance

Stracheyi, C. B. C.
tenera, Benth.
.

.688
.

688

.686

305
angulatum, Benth.
306
bigeminum, Benth. 303
bubalinum, Benth. 304
Clypearia, Benth.
305
confertum, Benth.
304
contortum, Mart.
305
dulce, Benth.
302
falcifolium, Hassk. 306
faseiculatum, Benth. 304
geminatum, Benth. 303
lobatum, Benth.
305
microcarpum,Z?wi^. 304
306
montanum, Benth.
nitidum, Benth.
303
subcoriaceum, Thw. 305
umbellatum, Benth. 303
Pituranthos, Viv.
679
nuda, Benth.
680
Thomsoni, C. B. C. 680
Planchonia, Blume
511
littoralis, Van Houtte 511
littoralis, Miers
.511
.

Plectronia chinensis,

Lour
Plebandeje

726
.

.721

702
703
705
703
706
Candollii, Benth.
703
700
eicutarium, Lindl.
densiflorum, Benth. 705
dentatum, Benth.
704
702
Govanianum, Bth.
Hookeri, C. B. C. .705
pumilum, Benth.
704
? rotundatum, Benth. 703
sikkimense, C. B. C. 702
704
stellatum, Benth.
stylosum, C. B. C. . 704

Pleurospermum,#bJfra.
angelicoides, Benth.
apiolens, C. B. Clarke
Benthami, C. B. C.
Brunonis, Benth.
.

Podaiyria bracteata,

13
integerrima, Stew. .
13
Pisum arvense, Linn. 181
sativum, Linn.
181
.
Pithecolobium, Mart. 302
.

Plinia pedunculata,
Linn. f.
.
rubra, Linn.
.

689
688
685
289
289
62
nepalensis, D. Don
62
Pirigarda valida, Bl. . 511

tomentosa, Dalz.
trifoliata, Wall.
Wallichii, C. B. C.
Piptadenia, Benth.
oudhensis, Brand.
Piptanthus, D. Don

Pistacia, Linn.

.304

B. Clarke
686
acuminata, C. B. C. 686
adscendens, Dalz.
689

Candolleana, W.
A.

Baker

anama llayanum,
Bedd

277
276
Pimenta acris, Wight 462
684
Pimpinella, Linn.
aehilleifolia, C. B. C. 684
C.

aifine,

Roxb

.
.

...

PoDALYBIEiE
Podocarpium, Benth.

505
505

248
56
165

Podolotus hosackioides,

....

123
Royle
Pogonanthera, Blume. 550
pulverulenta, Blume 550
Poinciana, Linn.
.
elata, Linn.
pulcherrima, Linn.
.

.260
.260
.

255

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Page

.,

260
Roxburghii, G. Don 257

regia, Bqjer.

Poivrea Eoxburghii,

DC
Polydontia arborea, Bl.
Pocyodontia ?ceylanicat

Wight

Blume
Polyosma, Blume
Walkerii,

fragrans, Benn.

321

408
408

Blume
409
integrifolia, Blume 409

ilicifolia,

l&tevirens, Griff.

mutabilis, Blume
Wallichii, Kurz.
Polyscias, Forst.
.

pinnata, Forst. .
Polystorthia, Blume

727

247
245

Ham. 110

atropurpurea, Wall. 108

Grah.
cana, Grah.
carul'ea,

.107
.105

canarensis, Dalz.

cassioides, Wall.

caudata, Grah.

246
105

.109

Grah.
.106
Corcor, Grah.
.105
coriacea, Grah.
240
crassifolia, Wall.
194
cuneifolia, Grah.
243
dubia, Grah.
.243
.
elegans, Grah.
242
elliptica, Wall.
243
elongata, Grah. 243, 247
emarginata, Wall.
245
externa, Wall.
.109
246
femiginea, Wall.
242
floribunda, Grah.
fruticosa, Grah.
109
cinerea,

Wt.

religibsa,

.241
.194
.194

r^da, Wall.

Grah.
.
secunda, Grah. .
.
247
sericea, Vent.
.104
sinuata, Wall.
.246
tetraptera, Ht. Calc. 106
rosea,

Wt.
DC.

volubilis, Zoll.

.241
.241

&
.243

Moritz.
Pootia cereopsifolia,

glabra, Fbtf.
grandifolia, Grah.
heterocarpa. Wall.
.

iw,

anserina, Linn. .
Arbuscula, Don
argentea, Linn.
arqyrophylla, H.
'& T

.353

bifurca, Linn.

breviscissa, Bertol.

caspitosa,

.240

cana, Wall.

358
355
354
358

.359

Candolleana, Royle

Cautleyana, Royle

357
357
357

cicutarusfolia,

Willd

359
Bertol. 354

cinerascens,

coccinea,

Hoffm.

colorata,

Lehm.

.348

doubjouneana,Cam6. 357
Dicrandii, T. & Gr.
343
eriocarpa, Wall.
348
formosa, Don
.355
fragariafolia, Klotz. 343
fragarioides, Linn. 350
fragiformis, Willd. 357
fruticosa, Linn.
347
fulgens, Wall.
.
349
.
gelida, C. A. Meyer. 357
Gerardiana, Wall. 350
.

Camb.

Gnffithii,

H.f.

.353

.351

Gul. Waldmeri, Kl. 355

Heynii, Roth.
.359
.

insignis,

Royle
Royle

Jacquem ontiana,
Cambess.
kashmirica, H. f.
.

Kleiniana,
$ A.
Leschenaultiana,

leuconota,

Bon

354
348

.357

357
355
359

350
357

Ser.

leucochroa, Lindl.

.352
.351
.

microphylla,

Don

.351
355
355

352
358
349
353

monanthes, Lindl.
Mooniana, Wight

Moorcroftii, Wall.
multifida, Linn. .

.358

Munroana, Lehm.

Naspata,

Ham.

nepalensis, Hook.
nivea, Linn.
.
obovata, Bertol.
ochreata, Lindl. .
peduncularis, Don
perpusilla, H. f.
polyphylla, Wall.
.

Clarkei, H.f.

leuconota, Wall.

Lehm.

o
: sa, Wall.
de&ertorum, Bunge

Camb.

wlosa, Ser.

discolor,

Lindenbergii, Lehm. 348

lineata, Trevir. .
349
meifolia, Wall. .
.
353

bidens, Bertol.

cataclines,

246
106
Heyneana, Grah.
244
Heyneana, W. & A. 245
Horsfieldii, Miq.
.243
hypoleuca, Miq.
243
macrophylla, Grah. 108
marginata, Grah.
243
monadelpha, Grab. 243

347
356

f.

Inglisii,

denticulata, Ser.

hololeuca, Boiss.

358
argyrophylla, Wall. 356
Atropos, Hoffm.
.360
atrosangui7iea,Ijodd. 357
axilliflora, H.f.
346
bannehalensis, Camb. 350
barbata, Wall.
.349

cuneifolia, Bertol.
curviseta, H.f. .

.
.

353
353
358
348
348
358
359
343
352
355

661

.350

Lehm.

cryptantha, Kl.
cuneata, Wall.

Wall.
359
Grahamiana, Wight 350
grandiflora, Hf. & T. 357

Bon

glauca,

345
343
347
alpestris, H. f. & T. 357
altaica, Bung.
354
ambigua, Camb.
348
amurensis, Maxim. 359
adnata, Wall.
albifolia, Wall.

coriandrifolia,

gracilis,

Vahl
Potentilla,

Page

commutata, Lehm.

439

Portulaca decumbens,

bifurcata, Wall.

Miq
.633
.239

angustifolia,

triphylla,

uliginosa,

Pomarc, Griffith
Pomasterion japonicum, Miq.
.
Pongamia, Vent.
acuminata, Grah.

&

320
697
698
381

.106

246
243
A. 247
ovalifolia, W.
106
palustris, Grah.
106
paniculata, Grah.
paniculata, Wight
245
pendula, Grah.
.105
racemosa, Grah.
105
rejlexa, Grah.
245

.727
.

amcena, Wall.

409
409
409

.727

acuminata, Seem.

Polyzygus, Dalz.
tuberosus, Dalz.

oblonga. Grah.
oblonga, Wall.
obovata, Wall.

.319

452
320

781

350

.349
.

355

.368
.

.
.

359
357
351

.346
.

349

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

782

Page

Page
polychista, Boiss.
354
.
proctimbens, Clairv. 345
pseudo-anserina,

Bert.

pteropoda, Boyle
pteropoda, Hoffm.
purpurea. Boyle.
reptans, Linn.
reticulata, Bertol.
.

rigida, Wall.

ruthenia

Hb. Ham.

Salessovii, Steph.

Saundersiana, Eoyle
sericea, Linn.

Sibbaldi, Holler, f..

Sibbaldia, Griess
.
Sieversiana, Lehm.
soongarica, Bunge
sordida, Klotzsch.
splendens, Wall. .
supina, Linn,
.

tenella,

Turcz

Bunge
Lehm.

tetrandra,
trifida,

H.f.
variabilis, Klotzsch
velutina, Wall.
trullifolia,

verticillaris, Steph.

Kl.
Wallichiana, Govan
Wallichiana, Ser.
Wallichiana, Wall.

vestita,

PoTENTILLEuE
POTERIE.E
Poterium, Linn.
diandrum, Wall.
filiforme, H.f.
indicum, Gardn.
.

longifolia, Bertol.

Linn.

Sanguisorta,

350
356
360
347
356
347
347
359
348
354
354
345
346
349
354
349
349
359
354
346
343
345
350
351
354
357
357
343
359
307
308
362
392
362
362
363
363

Blume

43
43
382
382
382
382
salicifolia, Dene.
695
Prangos, Lindl.
pabularia, Lindl.
695
322
Prinsepia, Boyle
323
utilis, Boyle
4"
A.
Priotrdpis, W.
65
cytisoides, W. & A
65
Prosopis, Linn.
287
288
spicigera, Linn.
spicata, Burm.
288
Stephaniana, Kunth. 288
Pruned
.
307
.
.
.

pinnata, Blanco
Pourthisea, Bene.
arguta, Bene.
Hookeri, Dene.

aloochao, Royle

DC.

caproniana,

Cerasus, Linn.

315

.313
.314
.313

Don

cerasoides,

313
313

.313

Royle

communis, Huds.

ferruginea, Wall.
humilis, Bunge .

315
314

.314

Linn.
.315
Jacquemontii, H.f. 314
javanica, Miq.
.316
Jenkinsii, H.f. $ T. 317
institia,

Junghuhniana, Miq. 317

Ma'haleb, L.
312
martabanica, Wall. 316
nepalensis, Ser.

Padus, Linn.
persica, Benth.

.316
.315

.
.

H.

&

....

f.

prostrata, Labill.

Puddum, Boxb.
punctata, H.
ruf*, Wall.

f.

T.

313
313

.314

317
314

Royle
.313
sylvatica, Roxb.
314
tomentosa, Thunb.
314
trichocarpa, Bunge
314
triflora, Boxb.
.315
undulata, Ham.
316
? saligna,

manna,

....

Hance
Psammogeton, Edgw.
biternatum, Edgw.
crinitum, Boiss.
capitata. Hassk.

viscida,

W.

<$f

Psidium, Linn.

659
719
719

170
154
467

.468

pyriferum, Linn. .
pr>miferum, Linn. .
P^'iphocarpus, Neck.
longcpedunc kitus,
Hassk.
palmettorum, Guill.

468
468

211

....

212

it,

&Per
tetragon olob *,
Psoralea, Linn.
corylifolia, Linn.
.

.212
BC. 211
.

.552

echinata, Jack
echinata, Wall.
latifolia,

Triana

paniculata, Benth.
Pterocarpus, Linn.
bilobus,

Roxb.

.
.

552
551
561
238

.239

Roxb. 238
indicus, Willd. .
238
macrocarpus. Kurz 239
Marsupium, Boxb.
239
santalinus, Linn, f 239
Wallichii, W. & A. 238
dalbergioides,

Pterocyclus angelicoides, Kl.

.
.
Pterolobium, B. Br. .
indicum, A. Bich.
laderans, Wall. 256,

703
259
259
259
macropterum, Kurz 259
microphyllum, Miq. 259
Pteroloma triguetrum,
Benth
163
Ptychotis? Wall.
682
achilleifolia, DC.
684
Ajowan, DC.
.682
anethifolia, DC.
683
.

coptica,

DC.

.682

Boxburghiana, DC.

682

Pueraria, BC.
.157
brachycarpus, Kurz 169
Candollei, Grah.
197
composita, Grah.
.
198
.

hirsuta,

Kurz

.199

javanica, Benth.
javanicus, Benth.

103

.103

Kurz

subspicata Benth.
Thomsoni, Benth.
tuberosa, BC.
C.
Wallichii,
Punica, Linn.

.198
.

199
198

.197

198

580

Granatum, Linn,
581
nana, Linn. .
.581
Pycnocycla, Lindl.
.
694
abyssinica, Hochst. 694
694
glauca, Lindl.
153
Pycnospora, B. Br.
hedysaroides, B. Br. 153
nervosa, W.
A.
153
Pygeum, Gaertn.
.318
.

212

palustris, Besv.

stricta,

tetragonoloba, Linn.
92
Pternandra, Jack
551
cserulescens, Jack
551
capitellata, Jack
551

.174

.719
A. 153
171

A.

Guyaya, Linn.

.103

Page
plicata, Belile

199
199
peduricularis, Grah. 197
phaseoloides, Benth. 199
198
Stracheyi, Baker

polycarpa,, Hassk.

bokhariensis,

317
316

.315

amygdalus, Baill.
armeniaca, Linn.
Avium; Linn.

gyrans, Hassk.

Pseudarthria, W.

Poupartia mangifera,

.312

Prunus, Linn.
acuminata, Wall.
adenophylla, Wall.

&

acuminatum,

Coleb.

318

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

acuminatum,
H. f. & T.
? acuminatum, Wt.
Andersoni, H. f
arboreum, Endl.
arboreum, Endl.
brevifolium, H.f.
.

319

Malus. Linn.
microphylla,

321

nepalensis,

320
322
320

Nussia, Ham.
Pashia, Ham.
polycarpa, H.f.

321
321

rhamnoides, Dene.
Sieversii, Ledeb.

319

gikkimensis, H.f.
sikkimensis,

Hf

capitellatum,
ceylanicum, Bedd.

ceylanicum, Gaertn 321

Gardneri, H.f.
321

glaberrimum,
Griffithii,

f.

f.

Lampongo, Kurz
lauceolatum, H.

latifolium, Miq.

Hf

Maingayi,

319
322
320
319
322
319
321

moDtanum, H.f.
parviflorum, Teysm
320
$ Binnend.
.

persimile,

Kurz

polystachyum,

H.f

320
320

Blume
321
Wightianum, Blume 319
Walkerii,

&

zeylanicum, Dalz.

321
Gibs
Pyracantha crenulata,
Koem.
384
Pyrranthus albus,
Wall.
452
littoreus, Jack
452
.

W. &A.
Pyrus, Linn.
Aria, L. ?

Aucuparia, Gaertn.
.
baccata, Linn.
castaneifolia, Dene.
communis, Linn.

Don

crenata,

crenata, Lindl. .
cuspidata, Bertol.
Cydonia, Linn. .
ferruginea, H. f.
foliolosa, Wall.

foliolosa, Wall.

granulosa, Bertol.
Griffithii, Dene.
indica, Wall.
insignis,

H f.

integerrima,

.
'

Don

219
372
375
375
373
379
374
380
375
378
369
379
376
377
378
377
369
377
381

Bene
Koyrensium, Kurz
khasiana, Dene.
kumaonensis, Wall.
kumaeni, Bene.
.

Don

373

Hb. Ham. 374

.

383
374
378
377
379
373

Rampinia

herpetos-

Clarke
.
Eectomitra tuberculata
.

Blume

Reichardia decapetala
Roth.
hexapetala, Roth.
Reutera acuminata,
.

374
378
378
375
374
375

686
658
658
435
436
437
436
435

&A

Roxb.
decandra, Roxb.
gymnorrhiza, Roxb.
.

macrorrhiza, Griff.
.'

Rhizophoreje
Rhodamnia, Jack.

.
.

438
436
434

.468

468
469
concolor, Miq.
468
Mulleri, Bl.
469
Nageli, Miq.
469
8pectabilis, Blume
468
subtriflora, Bl.
469
trinervia, Blume
468
Rhodiola asiatica, Don. 419
imbricata, Edgw
417
rosea, Linn.
417
Rhodomyrtus, DC.
469
tomentosa, Wight.
469
Rhynchocarpa, Schr.
627
deltoidea,
?
Kurz.
627
foetida, Schrad.
627
rostrata, Kurz.
627
Rhynchosia crotalirioides, DC*
229
cincrea, Griff.

cinerea, Jack.

438
580
436
438
438
436
437
435
435
435

.
.

DC.
DC.
viscida, DC.

Cotinus, Linn.

191
196
154
9
12
12
10
10
9

Dhuna, Hamilton

11

lucida,
rosea,

Rhus, Linn.
acuminata, DC.
acuminata, DC.
Amela, Don
buckiamda, Roxb.
.

insignis,

Hf.

H.f.

javanica, L.

juglandifolia, Wall.

Kakrasingee, Royle.
khasiana, H.f. . .
Icevis, Wall.
.
.
mysorensis, Heyne.
paniculata, Wall
.
parviflora, Roxb.
.
punjabensis, Stewart
.

semi-alata,

Murray

succedanea, Linn.
velutina, Wall.
.

cylindrica,

Mangle, Linn.
mucronata, Lam.

DC.

integerrima, Wall.

Rhipsalis, Gaertn.
Cassytha, Gaertn.
Rhizophora, Linn.
apicidata, Blume
Candel, Linn.
candelaria, DC.
candelaria, W.
caryophylloides,
Jaeq.
caseolaris, Linn. .
conjugata, Linn.
.

timorensis,

Griffithii,

256
259

Edgw

613

553

Page
parmflora, Roxb.

Wenzig. 377, 378 379

Thomsoni, King.
379
ursina, Hb. Strach. 376
376
ursina, Wall.
variolosa, Wall.
374
verruculosa, Bertol. 374
vestita, Wall.
375
Wallichii, H.f
376
Quisqualis, Linn.
459
460
confertum, Jack
densiflora, Wall.
460
ebracteata, Beauv.
459
glabra, Burm.
459
indica, Linn.
459
.
459
longiflora, Presl.
Loureiri, G. Don.
459
malabarica, Bedd.
460
pubescens, Burm.
459
sinensis, Lindl.
459
villosa, Roxb.
459

cylindrica, Linn.

Jaequemontiana,

lanata,

Wall. 376

permoides, C. B.

Pyrrotrichia iuberosa,

783

Page

Page

vemicifera, DC.
Wallichii, H.f

12
11
13
10
11

13
10
9
9
10
9
10
10
12
9
11
11

Rhyncosia, Lour.
220
acutissima, Thwaites 226
aurea, DC.
221
avensis, Benth.
222
.

Beddomei, Baker
biflora,

DC.

.
.

bracteata, Benth.
cana, DC. .
.
.

.
.

222
215
225
222

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

784

Page
Candollei, Dcno.
capitata, DC.
coodoorensis,

Bedd

224

.221
.

220

cyanosperma, Benth. 222

densitiora,

DC.

densifiora, Wall.

DC.
DC.
Falconeri, Baker
elmigata,
ervoidea,

Benth.

Camb.
DC.
Memnonia, DC.

224
224

.221

Grahami, Wall. .
Heynei, W. g A.
himalensis, Benth.
laxiflora,

220

.221
.221
.223
.

JUicatdis, Grah.
filipes,

medicaginea,

.
.

.223
.

219
220
225

223
224
224

microphylla, Wall.

minima, DC.

.223

mollissima, Dalz.

nuda,

DC

226
223

nummular ia, DC.

.221

pilosa, Wall.

.223

prostrata, Grah.

pseudo-cajan, Camb.
pulverulenta, Stocks
rhombifolia, DC.
rufescens, DC.
.

DC.

Spanoghe

sca'rabceoides,

sericea,

224
223
224
223
220
215
225
225

stipulosa, A. Rich.

suaveolens, 2X7.

.221

tenuicaulis,

Wall.

telutina, Grrah.

A.

vefutina,

W.

twif&a, Wall.
villosula,

Thwaites

virgata, Grah.

viscosa,

DC.

Wightiana, Grah.
Rhyttdandra, A. Gray

224

.215
.

224

.216
.

225

.219
.225
.212
.

Ribes, Linn

742
409
410

acuminatum, Wall.
alpestre, Dene.
.410
desmocarpum, H.f.
410
# T.
410
glaciale, Wall.
410
glutinosum, Jacq.
411
Griffithii, Hf. $ T.
410
Grossularia, Linn.
heteroirichumjjedeh. 410
Himalayense, Dene. 411
Himalensis, Royle.
410
leptostachyum, Dene. 410
luridum, H.f.$T.. 410
nigrum, Linn.
.411
.
orientale, Poir.
410
.
rubrum, Linn. . .411
.

Page
villosum, Wall.

.410

Robergiahirsuta,Roxb. 28
Robinia Candida, Roxb. Ill
246
.
ferruginea, Roxb.
fruticosa,

Roxb.

Heynei, Wall.
.
macrophylla, Roxb.
mitis, Linn.
.
.

pygmcea, Linn.
racemosa, Roxb.

Roxb.
suberosa, Roxb.

sennoides,

.
.
.

uliginosa, Willd.

Rosa, Linn. .
alba, Linn.

.109
.261
.

108

240

.116
.105
.110
.110
.

241

.363

364

anserinaefolia,

Boiss
Banksise, Br.
bracteata, Wendl.
centifolia, Linn. .
chinensis, Jacq. .
damascena, Mill.
Eglanteria, Mill.
Fortuneana, Lindl.
fragrans, Redoute
gallica, Linn.
glandulifera, Roxb.
Hojfmeisteri, Kl.
.

indica, Linn.

Roxb.

.
.

365
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364

.364
.

364
366

.364

W. &

Blume.

betulinus,

bicqlor, Jacq.

biflorus,

bijugus, Focke.

Don
.

.366

.339

concolor, Royle.

concolor, Wall.

Roxburghiana, Wt.
Linn.

...
...
.

572
569
567
63
63
47

327
337
335
335
335
330

.339

Nees

337

Don

366
336
ellipticus,
337
Fairholmianus, Gar. 330

ellipticus,

Smith
Wall.

ferox, Wall.

Welw

trifoliata, Pers.

Don
Weihe &

Eglanteria, Linn.

myriophylloides,

331

.367

cordifolius,

338

568

328
327

Ham.

H.f
L

distans,

336-

calvcinus, Wall.

discolor,

birmanicus, H.f.
Brunonii, Lindl.

ccesius,

.341
.

.569

51

Clarkei,

sororia, Planch.

DC.

Hiern.

Hb. Royle

568

48
48
47
49
54
49
50
49
48
48
47

49
50
stenopetala, H.f.
49
.
RtHbaa-villosa, Planch. 48
Wallichiana, Planch. 49
Roureopsis, Planch.
50
.
pubinervis, Planch.
50
Rvbe;e
307
326
Rubus, Linn.
329
acerifolius, Wall.
acuminatus, 8m.
327
.337
affinis, Madden.
albescens, Roxb. .
.339
330
alceafolius, Poir.
.
alpestris, Blume.
332
.333
Andersoni, H.f.
antennifer, H.f.
337
similis,

assamensis, Focke.

Muell

A.
A.

asper.

Rotala apetala, F.

Rourea, Aubl,

sclerocarpa,

<Sf

Rothia, Pers.

W.

santaloides,

verticillaris,

dasyphylla, Miq.
fulgens, Planch. .
para/lela, Planch.
parvifolia, Planch.
pulchella Planch.
rugosa, Planch. .

Don

? decussata,

concolor, Blume.

asper,

filiformis,

caudata, Planch.
.
commutata, Planch.

364
involucrata, Roxb.
365
Lindleyana, Tratin. 365
Lyellii, Lindl.
365
macrophylla Lindl. 366
microcarpa, Lindl.
364
mierophylla, Lindl.
364
multiflora, Thunb.
364
multiflora, Hb. Ham. 365
palustris. Buch.
.
365
Rapini, Boiss.
364
semperflorens, Linn. 364
sinica, Ait.
364
sinica, Linn.
364
sulphurea, Ait.
364
.
triphylla, Roxb. .
364
Rosacea
307
Rose2E
308
inermis,

Page

acuminata, H.f..

.329

Finlaysonianus,

Wall

Ham.
Fockeanus, Kurz
folipsus, Don

flavus,

fragarioides, Bert.

.
.
.

330
336
334
440
332

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SJNONYMS.

fraxinifolius, Poir.

fruticosus, Linn.

Wall

furfuraceus,

glomeratus, Blume.
Gowreephul, Eoxb.

Eoxb.
H.f.
Gulielmi Walde-

gracilis,

Griffithii,

marii, Klotsch.

Hamiltoni,

H.f

Hamiltomanus, Ser.
Hasrk

kirtus,

Focke

Eoxb.

Page

342
337
339
328
336
335
327

Eoxb. 342
342
339
? parvifolius, Moon
340
parvifolius, Smith
339
pauciflorus, Wall.
pedunculosus, Don. 335
332
pentagonus, Wall.

366
328
330

pimpinellifo lia,
H. f.
T.
.
pinnatus, Willd.
.
pubescens, Eoxb.
jmlcherrimus, Hook.

327

342

''.

hibisc'folius,

Page

.336

Hoffmeisterianus,

Kunth.

horridulus, H.

Miq.
hypargyrus, Edgw.

Horsfieldii,

indicus,

Heyne

leevigatus,

4-

339
335

.339

.338
.331
.

WaAl.

longicuspis, Bertol.

Wall.
lucens, Focke.
longifolius,

lutea, Mill.
.
.
macilentus, Camb.

339
340

368
367
333
327
367
339
338

.366

336
macrocarpus, Gard. 330
macrocarpus, Kunz. 334
micranthus, Don
339
.

micropetalus,

Gardner

pungens, Camb.
purpureus, Bunge
pyrifotitis, Ham.

H.

moluccanus, Linn.
Moorcroftii, Wall.
moschata, Mill.
mysorensis, Heyne
niveus, Wall.
nutans, Wall.
.

330
330
368
367
339

.335

reticulatus,

367
333
341
337
328

rotundifolius,
.

sempervirens,
H. f.
T.
sempervirens,

campanulata, Wall.
floribunda, Miq.
lanceolata, Coleb.
.
.

parviflora, Wall.
purpiirea, H.

.
.

f$T.

viridissima,

Sagotia

1
1
1

5
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
3

Walp. 173

triflora,

Sumbucus
Wall

Kurz

44
44

tilicefolia,

748

Samydapiscidia,Bi?Lm, 593
Sam yd aceje
.590
Sanguisorba, see
Poterium .
..362
Sanicula, Linn.
670
data, Ham.
.
670
europsea, Linn.
.670
hermaphrodita,
.

Ham

javanica, Blume.

montana, Beinw.

670
670
670

vtcrocarpus,
.

368

Thory & Eedoute 368

sempervirens, L.
sericea, Lindl.

.367
.

Miq.

sikkimensis, H. f.
sikkimensis, Otto

....

367
336
336
341

Maxim. 342

Eoyle
367
Thomsoni, Focke
332
tiliaceus, Herb. Str. 33]
tiliaceus, Sm.
329
torulosa, Wall. .
.366
Trentleri, H.f
331

tetrapetala,

triflorus,

...

Sabia, Coleb.

Wall.
,
336, 337
Boxburghianus,
Wall
342
Boylei, Klotzsch
340
rugosus, Smith
330
saxatilis, Linn.
333

Kunze

....

Sabiacejb

tomentosa, H.f.

328
340
367

sorbifolius,

leptandra,#./.#7:

sessilifotitis,

Lamk.

limoniacea, Wall.
malabarica, Bedd.
panieulata, Edgw.
parviflora, Wall.

.330

Ker.
Wall.

reflexus,

tilisefolra,

366

&

f.

Ham.

.327

Eichards
332
uncatus, Wall.
.336
unguicularis, Bertol 366
triflorus,

Wallichianus,

W.

&

Waltichii, Sabine

Wallichii, Trattin.

334
opulifolius,
Bertol. 340
oxyphyllus, Wall.
327
paniculatus, Smith 329
paniculatus, Clarke 342
paniculatus, Moon . 336
VOL. II.
.

.....

&

lineatus, Beinw.
lobatus,

Page
amboinensis, Linn.

341

331
339
rosceflorus, Eoxb.
rossefolius, Smith
341
rotundifolius, Boyle 332

Am.

Lindleyi, Wall.

341

Leschenaultiana,

Wight

&

Wall.

T.
racemosus, Eoxb.
? recurva, Eoxb.

lanatus, Wall.
lasiocarpus, Smith
lasiocarpus, Sm.

342
334
366
366

328
insignis, H.f.
329
Ischelus, Hb. Ham. 339
Jacquemontii, Cress. 368

indicus, Lesch.

parvifolius, Linn.

pyrifolius,

& Bouche

Hookeri, Focke.
Hookeriana, Bertol.
Hookeriana, Wall.

paniculatus,

785

Arn

Webbiana, Wall.
Eumphia, Linn.

W.&A.
u Linn.
aiborcscens,
cauliflora,

.271

Bnrm.
Baker

declinata, Miq.

indica, Linn.

Lobbiana, Baker
macroptera, Miq.
minor, Miq.
palembanica, Miq.

271
.

272
272

.271

272
272
271
272
272
triandra, Baker
Zollingeriana, Miq. 271
540
Sarcopyramis, Wall.
541
grandiflora, Griff.
.

lanceolata, Wall.
nepalensis, Wall.
Saxifraga, Linn.
.
adoxoides, Griff.
aristulata,
T.

f.

.390
.

.....

aspera, Willd.

auref, Jacq.

brachypoda, Bon
Brunbniana, Wall.
Brunonis, Wall.

3 E

541
541

401

asarifolia, Sternb.

337
368
367
366
44

392
390

.397
.397
.

396
397
397

INDEX OF GENEKA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

786
cevnua, Linn.

Page

Page

.390

stenophylla,
Eoyle 397
Stracheyi, H.f. 8f T. 398
strigosa, Wall.
.393

.391
ciliata, Boyle
cordigera, H.f. 8c T. 391
corymbosa, H.f. 8c
393
T.
diapensoides, Kurz. 398
393
diversifolia, Wall.
evolvuloides, Wall.
396
396
filicaulis, Wall.
396
fimbriata, Wall.
397
flagellaris, Willd.
395
glandulifera, Jacq.
396
glandulosa, Wall.
granulata, Linn.
390
.

umbel lulata, H. f.
&c

395

viscidula,

H.f

Wattichiana,SteTnb. 396

Saxifragace^

Saxifrage*

Sf T. 391

.388
.388

Scaligeria elata, Boiss. 673

meifolia, Boiss.
673
.

trilobum,

H.f

hemisphserica,
8c

....

T.

394
392
392
T. 393

hirculoides, Bene.

Hirculus, Linn.
Hirculus, H. f. &

.396
hispidula, Don.
Hoffmeisteri, Klotz. 397
.

imbricata, Boyle

394

Jacquemontiana,
Bene.
,395
latiflora, H. f. $ T. 392
.

.398

ligulata, Wall.

H.

? ligulata,

& T.

f.

398

Lychnitis^./.^T 391
.

Lysimachoides, Kl.
micrantha, Edgw.
microphylla, Boyle
Moorcroftiana,Wall.
mucronulata, Boyle
.

onyosotifolia, Pall.

nutans, H.f. 8c T.
odontophylla, H. f.

393
394
395
393
397
397
393

....

390
odontophylla, Wall. 390
oppositifolia, Linn. 397
pallida, Wall.
394
8c T.

Hf

palpebrata,

8c

391
pamassifolia, Wall. 393
T.

H.

perpusilla,

T
pilifera,'

H.

f.

8c.

f $

T.

395
397

purpurascens, H. f.
.
.
8c T.
radicans, Jacq.

ramulosa, WaU.
saginoides,
T.

settgera,
sibirica,
sibirica,

H.

Stella aurea,
T.

ellipticum,

Naud.
tubiflorus,

Sedgwickia cerasifolia,

....

Griff.

Sedum, Linn.

&

.417

....
.

395
397

418

&

.....

417

Kurz

421

422
linearifolium, Boyle. 420
.

Wall
422
mueronatum, Edgw. 420
multicaule, Wall.
422
.

422
420
418

.417
.

rubrum, Eoyle
serratum] Thunb.
sinuatum, Eoyle
spinosum, Thunb.

420

.421
.417

420
416
Stracheyi, H.f. 8c T. 418
tibeticum, H. f 8c T. 418
trifidum, Wall.
.420,
trullipetalum, H.f.
421
8c T.
Urvillei, DC.
422
Wallichianum,
f
419
8c T.
Selinum, Linn.
699
Candollii, BC.
700
Candollii, Edgw.
700
? dissectum, Wall.
701
glaucum, Wall.
.710
.

....
H
....
.

papyraceum,(7. B. C. 701

705
699
700
B. C. 700
.

C.

Sellowia uliginosa,

Both

569
30
35
33
35
An&c&r&mm, Linn.f 30
32
auriculata, Bedd.
32
coriacea, Thwaites

Semecarpus, Linn.f
acuminata, Ktirz
acuminata, Thw.
albescens, Kivrz

cuneifolia, DC.
Gardneri, Thwaites
.

Grahamii, Wt.
grandifolia, Wall.

laevigata,

Thwaites

latifolius, Pers.

H.f

Blume

heterophylla,

lurida,

hypericifolium,
-.

vaginatum,

f.

H.

418
419
crassipes, Wall.
419
crenulatun^ff/^T. 417
elongatum, Wall.
419
Ewersii, Ledeb.
421
fastigiatum, H. f. 8c
T.
419
Gerardianum, Wall. 421
Griffithii, C. B. C.
421
heterodontum, H. f.
417
$ T.
Himalayanum,Wall. 418
Himalense, Bon
418
humile, H.f.8rT.
419
.

f
....

coccineum, Eoyle
coriaceum, Wall.

392^

8c T.

pyriforme, Eoyle
quadrifidum, Pall.
Ehodiola, BC.
rosulatum, Edgw.

siellatum, Don.
striatum, Benth.
tenuifolium, Wall.

T.
Jaeschkei,

Edgw. 420

pauciflorum,
perpusillum,

429

adenotrichum, Wall. 420

adenotrichum,
421
H. f.
T.
asiaticum, BC.
419
421
azureum, Eoyle
bupleuroides, Wall. 418

Moorcroftianum,

.611
.611

Naud.

.390

.....

C,

692
692
697
697
701

Scotanthus Porteanus,

japonicum, Sieb.

Blume 729

395

f. 8f

stenophylla, Boyle

Benthami, C. B.
? Lindleyi. Wall.
Sciadophyllum
?

397
390

Wall.
.
.
imbrieatum, H.

f. 8c

Pursh.
Linn.
Linn.

Seandix, Linn.
Pecten Veneris, L.
Schultzia, Spreng.

.398
.397
.

Edgw. 694

pallidum, Bieb.
.421
paniculatum, Wall. 413

31

33
37
41

3$

35

31

.34

marginata, Thwaites
microcarpa, Wall. .
Moonii, Thwaites

32
31

32
34
nigro-viridis, Thw. .
33
oblongifolia, March.
34
oblongifolia, March.
oblongifolia, Thw. 33, 34
32
.
obovata, Moon .
obscura, Thwaites . 33
33
obscura, Thwaites
.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Thwaites
pubescens, Thwaites
subpanduriformis,
./
Wall.
.
subpeltata, Thwaites
subracemosa, Kurz
Thwaitesii, H.f.
parvifolia,

Bedd.

travancorica,

Walkeri, H.f.
zeylanica,

Blume

Jempervivum, Linn.

acuminatum, Dene.
album, Edgw.
fimbriatum, Klotz.
himalayense, Klotz.

34

&

trisperma, Miq.

.182

& A.

181

W.$A.

vestita,

182

.182

.181

Sibbaldia cuneata,

Edgw
cuneata,

346

Kunze

.346

.
346
parviflora, Willd.
potentilloides, Camb. 347

procumbens, H.

&

f.

procumbens, Linn.

346
346

Sicyos oxyacanthus,

Sindora, Miquel
siamensis, Teysm.
.

.268

268
velutina, Baker
262
Wallichii, Benth.
268
682
Sison Ammi, Jacq.
? coniifolium, Wall. 671
diversifolium, Wall. 681
686
? tener, Wall.
.
.

Ham.

trinerve,

.720
.683

Sium, Linn.

latijugum, C. B. 0. 683
hipponicum, Maxim. 684
triternatum, Moon
684
Smithia, Ait.
.148

abyssinica,

Hochst. 149

aspera, Roxb.

bigemina, Dalz.
blanda, Hohen.
blanda, Wall.
capitata, Dalz.
capitata, Desv.
ciliata,

Boyle

conferta,

Sm.

hispidissima,, Zoll.
laxiflora,

Benth.

paniculata,

149
149
151

Am.

pumila, Royle . .150

purpurea, Hook.
149
pyenantha, Benth.
150
racemosa, Heyne
.
151
.

sensitiva, Ait.

.148

Wall.
149
setulosa, Dalz.
.149
Soja angustifolia, Miq. 184
hispida, Moench.
184
javanica, Grah.
183
Wightii, Grah. .
.183
Solenocarpus, W. Sj A.
27
indica, Wt. $ Am.
27
Sonerila, Boxb.
529
acaulis, Bedd.
538
affinis. Am.
533
amabilis, Kurz.
.539
amabilis, Triana
533
angustata, Triana
536
angustifolia, Roxb. 537
sensitiva,

arguta,

B.Br.

.537

.151
.149
.

.
.

159

.151
.150
.149
.150
.149

dichotoma, Dalzell

geminiflora, Both.

150
149

5*31

Wight
535
begonicefolia, Blume 538

axillaris,

Bensoni, H.f.
540
Brandisiana, Kurz
537
Brunonis, W. $ A. 531
.

633
Royle 343

Sieversia elata,

.150
.151
.151

Arnottiana, Thw.

T
Wall

Page
gracilis, Benth.
grandis, Benth.
hirsuta, Dalz.

301
301
Irpicula, Linn.
431
Ibrevipes, W. $ A. 432
w>revipes, W. & A.
431
hirsuta, W. & A.
431
hirsuta, Wight
431
indica, Thwaites
431
indica, Thwaites
431
\ veronicafolia,
Borg. 432
Hverticillata, Boxb.
432
431
iseylanica, Am.
Pers.
114
^afcia,
114
sumleata, Pers. .
114
3d|ryptiaca, Pers.
$n?'s, Schrad.'
115
a-oinhina, Pers.
115
115
jr.mdiflora, Pers.
M'udosa, Roxb.
115
)rcurabens, W. A. 115
115
ericca, DC.
115
ilijinosa, Boxb.
.

suffulta, Benth.

rianthes, Benth.
grandiflora, Benth.

hirsuta, Baker
involucrata, W.

-Clarke
.693
indicum, W. $ A. .693
sibiricum, Benth.
693
trilobum, Benth.
.
694
zeylanieum,Rt>tt\.
684
Sjbseline^e
.
.666
Sesuvium, Linn.
.659
Portulacastrum, L. 659
repens, Willd.
659
Shuteria. h' A.
.181
demiftoru, Benth.
182
ferruginea, Baker
182
glabrata, W.
A. 182
.

31
31

35
33
35

422
mucronatum, Edgw. 423
423
sedoides, Dene.
Henna Absus, Roxb.
265
alata, Roxb.
264
arbor escens, Roxb.
265
aurieulata, Roxb.
263
bicapsularis, Roxb. 263
dimidiata, Buch.
266
esculenta, Roxb.
262
exigua, Roxb.
265
obtusa, Roxb.
264
occidentalis,
Roxb. 262
prostrata, Roxb.
266
purpurea, Roxb.
263
sensitiva, Roxb.
266
Sophera, Roxb.
262
speciosa, Roxb.
265
sumatrana, Roxb.
264
tenella, Roxb.
266
Tora, Roxb.
263
toroides, Roxb.
283
.

693
ammoides, Jacq.
682
benghalensis, Roxb. 696
daucifolium, C. B.

Seseli, Linn.

31

33
33
422
422
423
423

787

Page

bullata, Griff.

Wight
elegans, Bot. Mag.
emaculata, Roxb.
elegans,

erecta, Jack.

firma, Thwaites

Gardneri, Thwaites.
glaberrima, Am.
grandiflora, Wall.
.

Griffithii, C.

B. C.

Harvey i, Thwaites

Helferi, C. B. Clarke

heterostemon.^a?^.
hirsutula,

Am.
Am.
.

Hookeriana,

khasiana, C. B. C.
Kurzii, C. B. Clarke
Kurzii, Kurz
lanceolata, Thwaites
.

linearis,

H.

maculata, Boxb.
maculata, Rheede
moluccana, Boxb.
Naudiniana, Miq.
nudiscapa, Kur.:.
3 b 2

540
535
534
537
530
532
5S2
540
535
539
533
540
540
534
532
539
539
534
535
536
537
540
537
541
539

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

788

Page
orbiculata, Lindl.

paradoxa, Naud.
pedunculosa, Thw.
picta, Griff.

pilosula, Thwaites

pumila, Thwaites
Rheedii, Wall.
rhombifolia,
Thwaites
.

robusta,

Am.

531

.537
.536

pi eta, Korth.

534
538

rostrata, Thwaites

584
531
538

.533
.533
.

Wall. 530,
rotundifolia, Bedd.
scapigera, Dalz.
secunda, R. Br.
Rottleri,

solanoides,

Naud.

speciosa, Zenk.

squarrosa, Wall.

Hook.

tenera, Royle

stricta,

tenera, Wall.
tenuifolia,

Blume

tomentella, Thw.

travan corica, Bedd.

Wallichii, Benn.

Am.

Wightiana,

versicolor, Wight.
violsefolia, H.f.

zeylanica,

W.

Sf

Sonneratia, Linn.

apetala.

Ham.

evenia, Miq.
Griffithii,

lanceolata,

A.

acida, Linn.f.
acida, Benth.

alba, Smith
alba, Griff.

Kurz

.579

580

.580
.580

.580

Miq.

Blume

obovata, Miq.

579

mossa.mbicensis, Kl.
? neglect a,

533
531
538
538
536
534
534
537
530
530
530
536
531
534
538
532
535
539
500
579

580
580
580
580
580
580

Pagatpat, Miq.
Sophora, Linn.
.248
acuminata, Benth.
250
alopecuroides, Linn. 250
.

glauca, Lesch.
249
glabra, Hassk.
.249
heptaphylla, Linn.
250
heptaphylla, Wight. 250
.

Houghiana, Wall.

interrupta, Bedd.

mollis, Grah.

.251

249

Moorcroftiana, Bth.
robusta,

Roxb.

tomentosa, Linn.
velutina, Lindl. .
violacea, Thwaites

251
251

.252
.

249
249
249

Page

Wightii, Baker

Sophoreje

....

Sorbus Aucuparia, L.
foliosa, Dene.
.

Wenzig.
lanata, Wenzig.
microphylla, Dene.

foliosa,

sikkimensis, Wenz.
ursina, Dene.
.
ursina, Wenzig.
.

triternata,

60
376
376
377
375
376
379

tritemata, Wall.

376
376

Sorindeia Madagascariensis,

DC.

Spatholobus, Hassk.
acuminatus, Benth.
crassifolius, Benth.
gyrocarpus, Benth.
purpureus, Benth.
Roxburghii, Benth.
Sphceridiophora abyssinicum, Jb. & Sp.
linifolium, Desv.
Sphtsrophysa
pyenorhiza, Benth.
Spiraea, Linn. .
.

193
194
194
193
194
193

92
92

119
323
arcuata, H.f.
325
argentea, Loudon.
326
Aruncus, IAnn.
323
barbata, Wall.
389
bella, Sims
324
brahuica, Boiss
326
callosa, Thunb.
324
callosa, H.f. & T.-324, 325
324
callosa, Wall.
canescens, Bon.
325
canescens, H.f. T. 325
cantoniensis, Lour. 326
chamtsdrifolia, L. ? 326
.

chamcedrifolia,

&T,

H.

f.

.....

326
326
corymbosa, Roxb.
326
- cunei folia, Wall.
325
expansa, Wall.
324
324
fastigiata, Wall.
324
Fortuni, Planch.
glauca, Wall.
324
Kamtschatica, Lindl 320
Kamtschatica, Wall 323
325
laxiflora, Lindl.
Lindleyana, Wall.
324
micrantha,
325
f.
nepalensis, Lodd.
326
nutans, Royle
326
par vi folia, Bert.
325
pulchella, Kunze
326
rhamnifolia, Wall.
325
sorbifolia, Linn.
324
stellata, Wall.
324
coirulesccns,

Poir

Page

250

Wall.

323
389
.
325
Lodd. 326

? vaccinifolia,

venustula,

Bon

vaccinifolia,

Kunth.

&

Bouch
vestita, Wall.

SPIRJSiE
Spondias, Linn.
acuminata, Roxb.

amara, Lamk.
axillaris, Roxb.

dulcis, Willd.

elliptica, Rottl.

macrophylla, Wall.
mangifera, Willd.

326
323
307
42
42
42
42
42
23
43
42
23

simplicifolia, Rottl.

....
....

Spondie^e
Stagmaria vernzciflua,
Jack.?
Stracheya, Benth.
tibetica, Benth.

Stranvsesia, Lindl.
glaucescens, Lindl.
glaucescens,

Dene.

Nussia, Dene.

25
147
147
382
382
383
383

Stravadium acumina509
tum, Wall.
acutangulum, Miers 508
album, DC.
507
augustum, Wall.
509
demissum, Miers
508
globosum, Miers
508
508
gracile, Miers
Miers
obtusangulum,
508
Rheedei, Miers
508
rubrum,
507
rubrum, Wall.
508
.

DC

hemi-

Strongylocalyx

Blume

sphericus,

Strongylodon, Vogel.
ruber, Vogel.
.

4 77
.

190

191M

Stylidmm chinense,
Lour
isanthes,

Sw.

713
148

n, Wall
fat
jriucrbnata, Willd.

Sty rax j'

wni

Bl. ,748

174
']

Suffrcnia capensia,

Harvey

68

Swintonia, Griff.
Griffithii,

Kurz

Helferi, H.f.

26

It

<

Schwenkii, Teysm. $
Binnend.
.

spicifera,

H.f.

Sycopsis, Oliv.

Griffithiana, Oliv.

26

26
27

427
427

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Syndesmis, "Wall.

Syzygium

Miq
altissimum, "Wall.

angkolanum, Miq.
balsameum, "Wall.
Belluta,

22

alternans,

DC.

brachiatum, Miq.

500
483
498
499
485
496

calophyllifolium,

Thwaites

Wall.

caryophyllifolium,

DC
caudatum, "Wall.
cinereum, "Wall.

claviflorum, Wall.

concinnum, Wall.

cordifolium, Tlrw.
corticatum, Wall.
costatum, Miq. .

cymosum, DC.

densiflorum, Wall.
excavatum, Wall.
ficifolium, Wall.
filiforme, Wall.

499
482
496
484
482
491
485
498
482
484
484
497

.478

firmum, Thwaites

476

.499
.476

fruticosum, DC.
grande, Walp.
.
inophyllum, DC.
Jambolanum, "DC.
.

481

499
499
499
484

Jambolanum, Thw.
laterifolium, Eoyle

longiflorum, Wall.
Michelii, Lam.

.505

montanum, Thwaites 476

myrtifolium, DC^.
483
Neesianum, Arn.
493
.

nelitricarpum, T.

&

B
nervosum, DC.
nodosum, Miq.
oblatum, Wall.
obovatum, Wall.

482
.

.498
.498

492
498
palembanicum, Miq. 476
Panealla, Wall.
498
politum, Wall.

speciosum, Wall.
suavissimum, Wall.
sylvestre,

490
482
485
485

sen!icos;i, Pers.

498
492
487

pyrifolium, DC.
rameum, Wall.
.497
revolutum, Thwaites 492
.

Wall.
rigidum, Wall.
rotundifolium, Arn.
rubicundttm,W.&cA.
salicifolium, Wall.
spathulatum, Thw.

496
487
494
495
495
495

DC.

tinctoria, Pers.

Tamarindus, Linn.

tinctoria,

timoriensis,

tuberosa,

Taylorii, Grah.
tenuis, Wall.

273
273
occidentalism Gaertn. 273
officinalis, Hook.
273

Tapiria, Juss.
hirsuta, H.f.

Taverniera, DC.
cuneifolia,

ephedroides, J.

gonoclada, Jb.

nummularia,
spartea,

Arn.

DC.

& Sp
& Sp

DC
.

Tephrosia, Pers.
amozna, Hort. Calc.
.

28
28

140
140
140
140
140
140
110
113

anthylloides,

DC.

flexilis,

Roxb.
Arjuna, Bedd.

angustifolia,

Ham.

Wall.
Colutea, Wight.
diffusa, W. & A.

112
113
113
114
112
114
112

Ehrenbergiana, Sch.
elegans, Wall.
fusca, W. Sf A.
galegoides, Grah.
Heyneana, Wall.
.

Hookeriana,W.
hypargyroea,

&A

DC.

icthynica, Bert.

intermedia, Grah.
lancecefolia, Link.
lanceolata, Grah.

leptostachya,
lobata,

DC.

Grah.

maxima, Pers.
MitcJiellii,

Grah.

nervosa, Pers.

parviflora, Wight.
pauciflora, Grah.
pentaphylla, Grah

.112
.110
.112
.112
.110
.112
.111
.111
.112
.113
.113
.112
.

184

.185
.

184

.184

24, 36, 37, 40

Terminalia, Linn.
alata, Roth.
.
angustifolia, Jacq.

bengalensis,

111
111

coccinea,

Benth.
labialis, Spreng.
mollis, Benth.
Terebinthacea, Wall.
'

calophylla, Bedd.
Candida, DC.

Wallichii, Grah.

Teramnus, &w.

argentea, Wight.

villosa, Pers.

Aruta,

Grah.

114
113
114

Hochst.
argentea, Pers.

incana, Grah.

Grah.

Im.

spinosa, Pers.

indica,

54
Griffithii, #./.
55
Talinum
decumbens,
Willd
661

indigo/era, Bert.

DC.

sericea,

Tseniochlsena, if. /.

.485

stricta,

ribesioicles,

.498

vimineum, Wall.
Wightianum, Wall.
zeylanicum, DC.
.

484

780

Page
Pe/ersiana, Kl.
.110
pulcherrima, Wight. 112
.105
j iilchra, Colob. .
I'umikt, Pers.
.113
purpurea, Pers.
.123
racsmosa, W. &- A.
105

481

Thwaites .493
497

tetragonum, Kurz.
vastum, Wall. .
venosum, DC.

polyanthum, Thw.
pulchellum, Wall.

.494

478
caryophyllceum, Gn. 490

capillare,

Pap.:

belerica, Boxb.

Roxb.

Benzoin, Linn.
Bcrryi, W.
A.

&

bialata,

Badamia, Tulasne

Kurz

.443
.447

444
449
447
446
444
445
449
444
447
449

.444
Catappa, Linn.
Chebula, Retz. 446, 447
.446
citrina, Roxb.
coriacea, W. & A, .448
448
.
crenulata, Roth.
.

111

eglandulosa, Roxb.

113
111
110
113
113
112
113
113
112
112
113
113
111
113
114
112

fcetidissima, Griff.

445
445
446

.
gangetica, Roxb.
.445
.
Gella, Dalz. .
Gibs. 447
glabra, Dalz.

&

448
.
glabra, Thwaites
.447
A.
glabra, W.
intermedia, Spreng. 444

&

lancifolia, Griff.

454

445
microcarpa. Dene.
444
moluccana, Lamk.
445
Roxb.
moluccana,
449
moluccana, Wall.
448
monoptera, Roth.
myriocarpa, Heurck.
.448
# Muell. .
.

Myrobalana, Roth.

444

'90

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Page

445
ovalifolia, Rottl.
447
ovata, Herb. Rottl. 447
paniculata, Both.
448
parviflora, Thwaites 446
444
procera, Boxb.
punctata, Roth.
445
nitens, Presl.

Kurz

pyrifolia,

.448

446
444
tomentella, Kurz
446
tomentosa, Bedd.
447
tomentosa, W. & A. 447
Roth.
subcordata, Willd.
reticulata,

W.

travancorensis,

&A
trioptera,

Heyne

449
448

zeylanica, HeurcJc

Muell.
.446
Tetracrypta cinnamomoides, Gardn. &
.

Champ.

Tetrameles, R. Br.

W.

rufinervis,

Miq.

657
657
657
657

nudiflora, B. Br.

Grahamiana,

Thaspium foliosum,
Royle
.689
.

Thermopsis, B. 'Br.
barbata, Boyle .

nepaulensis,

62
62
63
62
62

Camb.
laburnifoliai Don.

inflata,

B. Clarke
obtusiusculum,
C. B. Clarke
C.

Roylei, Lindl.

DC.

Thladiantha, Bunge. .630

.631
dubia, Bunge
Hookeri, C.B. Clarke 631
.399
Tiarella, Linn.
.
polyphylla, Bon
399
.412
Tillsea, Linn.
pentandra, Boyle .412
pharnaeeoides,
Hochst.
... 412
.

trichopoda, Fenzl. . 412

Tordyliopsis
Brunonis,

DC.

TORDYLITTM

.713

....

Anthriscus, Linn.

665
718

Brunonis, Wall.
latifolium, Linn.

.713

DC.
tilisefolia. DC.

.748

Toricellia,

719

748

Torilis Anthriscus,

Gmel
elata, DC.

japonica,

DC.

Trachydium, Lindl.

.718
.719
.

671

dissectum, C. B. C. 672
hirsutulum, C. B.
Clarke
.
.672
.

672
673
672

673
580
Trapa, Linn.
bispinosa, Boxb.
590
natans, Linn.
590
quadrispinosa, Roxb. 590
palmata, Vis.
732
quadrispinosa, Wall. 590
Trembleya rhinanthera, Griff.
523
Trevesia, Vis.
731
insignis v Miq.
732
sundaica, Regel.
732
Triactina, H.f. Sf'T. 423
.

verticillata,

H.f.$T..

423
660
660
661
660

661

650
660
660
660
660

obcordata, Roxb.
obcordata, Wall.

pentandra, Linn.
pentandra, DC.
polysperma, Hochst
sedifolia, Visian
.

triquetra, Rottl.

661

660
660

:.

600
606
610
607
606
607
608
608
609

Trichosanth'es, Linn.

anguina, Linn.
anguina, Wall

aspera, Heyne
bracteata, Kurz
cordata; Boxb.
cordata, Wall. 607
.

cucumerina, Linn.
cucumerina, Wall.
cuspidata, Lamk.
dicselosperma,

B. Clarke
dioica, Boxb. .
dioica, Wall. .
C.

Fatoa,

fcetidissima, Jacq.

glabrior,

H. f.
.

1
.

grandiflora, Wall.
heteroclita,

Roxb.

himalensis, C. B.

integrifolia,

Kurz

Klein
Wall.
lobata, Boxb.
macrosiphon, Kurz
? majuscula,
H.f. $ T.
multiloba, Miq.
laciniosa,

laciniosa,

610
612
609
606
610
610

608
607
609
612
606
608
609
609
617

600

nervifolia, Linn.

Wall.
palmata, Boxb.
palmata, Wall.
pilosa, Wall.
officinalis,

reniformis, Kurz
Bussellana, Wall.
?

tricuspis,

Miq.

608
608
Tbifolieje
57
Trifolium, Linn.
86
fragiferum, Linn.
86
indicum, Linn.
89
minus, Smith
86
Willd.
89
officinale,
pratense, Linn.
86
repens, Linn.
86
resupinatum, Linn
86
unifolium, Eorsk.
103
venulosum, Royle
86
Trigonella, Linn.
87
arguta, Visiani
87
truncata, C. B. C.
tuber osa, Roxb. .
.

87'

brahuica, Boiss.
cachemiriana, Camb

88

sa

88
88
88
88
87
88
87
88
88
87
63

elatior, Sibth.

emodi, Benth.
esculenta, Willd.
fimbriata, Royle

Fcenum grsecum, L.
gracilis,

Benth.

gemijiiflora,

Bunge

611

hamosa, Linn.
himalaica, Wall.
incisa, Royle

609

indica, Linn.

609
609
623
611

627
608

grandibracteata,

Kurz

monantha, C. A.

Ham.

Thw.

corniculata, Linn.

Trichodia vareciformis
Griff.

Page
integrifolia,

Triantbema, Linn.
crysfaillina, Vahl.
decandra, Llna.
Govindfia, Wall.
hydraspica, Edgw.
monogyna, Linn.

718

&T

Trachypodium, Hf.

.442

novem-jugum,

607
606
606
608

Meyer

nervosa, Kl. .
.
obcordata, Wall.
occulta, Delile
orthoceras, Kar.
.
.
.
Kir.

87
88
88
87

&

87
87
87
88
pubescens, Edgw.
88
rhytidocarpa, Boiss.
642
Trilobaria, A. BC.
pinnatifida, Cav.
polycerata, Linn.

INDEX Or GENET;
Tage

Triplectrum radicons.
W.
A.
Tripodanthera coehin-

&

'

conferta,

Page
4
prunellAfolia, Grah. 157
Will.
repanda/
.156

Griflf.

merguensis, Griff.
sumatrana, Miq.

Wightiana, Griff
Tristemma ancjustifo-

lium, Blume
Tritheca peniandra,

467
467
466
466
46

eve
251
251

Vachetlia Farnesiana

W.&A.

Vahlia, Thunb.

DC.

6V lenlandice,

Miq

569

...

lars, Miq.
Tryphera prostrata,

37

Umbellifera,

spathulatus,
H. f.
T.
spinosus, DC.
pinosus, Turcz.

&

llAeona,, Desv.

jMwea, G. Don

Desv.

DC.

c+\data, Wall.
^aifolia, Wall.
4*ftita, Besv.

157
157
155
^fn'odioides, Grah
156
156
Ku**tr6&, Wall.
ituvn rfll. Wall.
156
:&#> * "ioides, Wall. 156
.

A^A^es,

BC.

/<mW BC.

Hassk.

*H.ordata, Miq.
picia, Besv.
pkta, Wight

.156

fdntfiata, Grah.
fp,t*iiachya, Wall.
^i-k&i/bris ,

-Z?c.r.

Weldenii, Eeieh.
Velaga globosa,
Vicatia,

BC.

BC.

399
399
399
399
399
575
670

671
millefolia, C. B. C.
671
? Stewarti-. C. B. C. 671
Yjcia, Linn.
176
angustifoliu, Both.
178
Bobartii,' Forst.
178
benghalensis, Linn. 179
Cracca, Benth.
177
dumetorum, Benth.
178
Faba, Lin'n.
.
179
Griffithii, Baker
178
hirsuta, Koch.
.
177
luteola, Benth.
205
mollis, Benth.
.
177
narbonensis, 'Linn.
179
pallida, Turcz.
178
pallida, Jacquem.
178
peregrina, Linn.
178
rigidula, Boyle.
178
178
piuiii, Linn,
I
sepnnrr,
179
sylvatica, Benth.
178
tenera, Grah.
177
tenuifolia, Roth.
177
tetrasperma,
Mcench
177
Vicieje
58
.',.
Vigna, Sain
204
conii folia,

156
156
156

.155

166

.155
.

55

Thouars

spicata, Balz.

Warea,

B. Clarke

C.

Tonglensis, C. B. C.
Weihea, Spreng.
.

ceylanica, Baill.
Wellingtonia, Meissn.

205
260
261
612
612
441
441

Winterlia uliginosa,

Spreng

569

Wisteria pallida,
Dalz.
Gibs.
racemosa, D.
G.

&

&

Woodfordia,

Salisb.

floribunda, Salisb.
fruticosa, Kurz .
tomentosa, Bedd.

105
105
572
572
572
572

Xanthoxylon

726

Xiphocarpus candidus,

Hassk

trifolia-

tum, Linn.

416
416
416
155
156
156
155
156
155

Wt.

AJti/nc-uroides,

cifolia,

DC.

687, 697

Umbellifer.*:
.665
Umbilicus jimbriatus,
Turcz
416
luteus, Ic
416
Oreadcs, Dene.
416
radicans, Kl.
420

ecnyiosa,

viscosa,

Voandezia subterranea,

Wagatea, Balz.

Wall.

sessiliflora,

Gaertn.

....

662
Tupidanthus,#./. $T. 740
calyptratus, H.f. $ T. 740
Turgenia latifolia,
Hoffm
719

292
399
399

oldenlandioides,

silenoides,

Troostwyclia singu-

J,

156

465

.515

205

205
.

Griflf.

205

Blume

Page

.611

Kurz
\ Maingayi, But hie
;

791

Griff.

Griffithii,

SY"

retro fr,

chinen&e, Eoem.
Tristania, R. Br. .

burmannica,

AND

111

Xylia, Benth.
.
dolabriformis, Bth.
.

286
286

anor.wla,

Walp.

brachycarpa, Kurz
carinalis, Benth.
Catiang, Endl.. .
dolichoides,
glabra, Savi

Baker
.

Baker
Gray

>.
.

'.

..

205
206
206
205
206

.205

207
205
opisotricha, A. Rich. 203
jilosa Brkrr
207

lucens,

lutea, A.

Zalcya decandra, Bm.

Zanonia, Linn.
cissoidea, Wall.
clavigera, Wall.
.

661

heterosperona,Wall.
indica, Linn.
.
.
laxa, Wall
.
.
.

pedata, Miq.
.
sarcophylla, Wall.
.

Zanonie.e

....

Zehneria, Endl.
Baueriana, Endl.
cerasiformis, Stocks
.

connivens, Miq.
exasperata, Miq.

Garcini, Stocks
hastata, Miq.

*
.

Hookeriana, Am.
mucronata, Miq.
scabra, Hv. & Sond.
umbellata, Thwaites
Wightiana, Arn.
Zornia, Gmel.
.
.

633
633
634
632
633
633
633
634
605
624
624
630
625
624
630
625
624
624
624
625
633
147

NDEX OF GENERA,, SPECE

Page

Smith
conjugata, Smith
angustifolia,

147

dictyocarpa, DC.
diphylla, Pers. .
disperma, Grah.
gibbosa, Spanoghe

lis
147
147
141
147

Pa^e

)
Page
graminea, Spsanoghe 147
pulckella, Pe*s.
.162

absinthifolia,

orientalis, Hoffin.
radians, Boiss.

strobiliferx, ijfers.
Wallexi, Arvi. .

zeylonens^ J?ers.
Zosimia, Hoffm.

Hohen

148
148

4*

717

Boiss

712

'

I-

4-

"^

717

Zozimia tragoides,

.717

'

&

.227
.

DC. .717

'

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