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    Seg 1986 0668 1

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    saeed65
    1) Full-wave acoustic logging aims to record and interpret the entire acoustic wave train propagating through the borehole, rather than just a small fraction as in conventional acoustic logs. 2) New acoustic logging tools, signal processing techniques, and improved computing capabilities allow extraction of more information from characteristics of different wave phases like compressional, shear, and Stoneley waves. 3) Full-wave acoustic logging places considerable demands on computing facilities due to the large amount of digital data recorded, but provides more information than conventional logs for evaluating lithology, gas zones, porosity, elastic properties, and other formation parameters.

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    Seg 1986 0668 1

    Uploaded by

    saeed65
    7 views1 page
    1) Full-wave acoustic logging aims to record and interpret the entire acoustic wave train propagating through the borehole, rather than just a small fraction as in conventional acoustic logs. 2) New acoustic logging tools, signal processing techniques, and improved computing capabilities allow extraction of more information from characteristics of different wave phases like compressional, shear, and Stoneley waves. 3) Full-wave acoustic logging places considerable demands on computing facilities due to the large amount of digital data recorded, but provides more information than conventional logs for evaluating lithology, gas zones, porosity, elastic properties, and other formation parameters.

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    SEG-1986-0668-1

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    SEG-1986-0668-1

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    1) Full-wave acoustic logging aims to record and interpret the entire acoustic wave train propagating through the borehole, rather than just a small fraction as in conventional acoustic logs. 2) New acoustic logging tools, signal processing techniques, and improved computing capabilities allow extraction of more information from characteristics of different wave phases like compressional, shear, and Stoneley waves. 3) Full-wave acoustic logging places considerable demands on computing facilities due to the large amount of digital data recorded, but provides more information than conventional logs for evaluating lithology, gas zones, porosity, elastic properties, and other formation parameters.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views1 page

    Seg 1986 0668 1

    Uploaded by

    saeed65
    1) Full-wave acoustic logging aims to record and interpret the entire acoustic wave train propagating through the borehole, rather than just a small fraction as in conventional acoustic logs. 2) New acoustic logging tools, signal processing techniques, and improved computing capabilities allow extraction of more information from characteristics of different wave phases like compressional, shear, and Stoneley waves. 3) Full-wave acoustic logging places considerable demands on computing facilities due to the large amount of digital data recorded, but provides more information than conventional logs for evaluating lithology, gas zones, porosity, elastic properties, and other formation parameters.

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    of 1

    668

    Full-Wave Acoustic Logging

    SPWLA Papers

    SPWLAB

    J. W. Minear, Welex

    Conventional
    acousticlogsarebasedon a smallfractionof the
    potentialinformationavailablein the acousticwavetrain propagatingdown the borehole.The objectiveof full-wave acoustic
    loggingis to record,process,and interpretthe entire acoustic
    wavetrain. New acousticloggingtools,sophisticated
    signalprocessingtechniques,and improvedcomputerprocessing
    capabilities at the well site are providingthe ability to extractmoreof
    theinformation.The acousticwavetrainassociated
    withtheborehole is composedof compressional,
    shear,normal mode and
    Stoneleywaves.Characteristics
    of eachof thesephasesare discussedbriefly and illustratedwith waveformsrecordedin different lithologies.Thesecharacteristics
    haveguidedthe designof
    full-waveloggingsystems:tools,dataacquisition,and processing. New generation
    full-waveacousticloggingtoolshavemore
    receivers,greatertransmitter-to-receiver
    spacings,andlowerfrequencyresponsethan their short-spaced
    predecessors.
    Waveformsare generallyrecordedand processed
    digitally. Nonsymmetricalsourcesand receiversare usedto generateshearwaves
    preferentially.The reasonsfor thesedifferencesfrom conventionalacoustictoolsarediscussed.
    Seismic-typedata processing
    is usedto extractvelocityand
    amplitudeinformationfromfull-waveacousticsignals.Phasevelocitiesof compressional,
    shearand Stoneleywavesare determined almostentirely by sometype of correlationtechnique.
    Thesetechniques
    includecrosscorrelation,
    semblance
    and linear
    and nonlineardelay and sum. Otherprocessing
    beingemployed
    includesdepthstackingand time-domainfiltering. Severalexamplesof processing
    full-wavedatawith differenttechniques
    are
    discussed.
    Full-waveacoustic
    logginghassomeproblemsaswell
    asbenefits.The useof relativelysophisticated
    digitalprocessing
    and the fact that full-wavetoolsgenerateaboutten timesmore
    datathando otherloggingtoolsplacesconsiderable
    demandon
    computingfacilities,particularlyat the well site. The greater
    transmitter-to-receiver
    spacingsresult in greatersignalattenuation and requiregreaterdynamicrange than do shortspaced
    tools.Array-typeprocessing
    requiresnew boreholecompensation
    techniques,
    Someof themostimportantapplications
    of full-wave
    acousticinformationto formulationevaluationare presented.
    Theseincludelithology,gaszoneidentification,
    andestimates
    of
    porosity,elasticmodulii, and formationstrength.The newest
    usesincludeestimationof structuraldip, fractureheight,permeability, andgenerationof shearwavesyntheticseismograms.

    Geologic Implications of LargeSPWLA-7


    Scale Trends in Well-Log Response,
    Northern Green River Basin, Wyoming
    S.E. Prensky, U.S. Geological Survey
    Well-log responsein Tertiaryand UpperCretaceous
    rocksin
    thenorthernGreenRiverbasin,Wyoming,wasexaminedaspart
    of a comprehensive
    geologicinvestigation
    of gasreserves
    by the
    U.S. GeologicalSurveys WesternTight Gas Sand Program.
    Digitally recordedwell-log data for selectedwells located
    throughout
    the basinwereprocessed
    by computerand displayed
    ashighlycompressed
    depth-scale
    plotsfor examininglarge-scale
    trends.AlthoughLowerTertiary(FortUnion formation)andUpperCretaceous
    (Mesaverdegroup)rockshavesimilarnonmarine
    fluvial depositional
    histories,the presence
    of arkosicmaterialin
    the Tertiaryrocksproduces
    a stronglithologiccontrastwith the
    underlyingCretaceous
    rocks.Thesedifferencescan be seenin
    plotsof variouslog parameters
    (gamma-ray,caliper,conductivity, density),which exhibit markedchangesacrossthe Cretaceous-Tertiary
    unconformity.In the Pinedaleareawherethe arkosicfractionreaches40 volumepercent,the gamma-raylog is
    so severelyaffectedthat it cannotbe usedfor distinguishing
    sandsfrom shales.
    The natureand extentof overpressuring
    hasbeenexamined.
    Detaileddrilling-muddataindicatethatat leastwithin the study
    area,the top of overpressuring
    is restricted
    to Cretaceous
    rocks,
    rangingstratigraphically
    from the Mesaverdegroupalong the
    easternmarginof the basinto theFrontierformationin thewest.
    Changesin shaleconductivityand shaletransit-time,whichpreviousstudiesin this areaascribedto overpressuring
    andusedfor
    predictingoverpressured
    intervals,appearto reflect lithologic
    changesacrossstratigraphic
    boundaries
    anddo not correspond
    to
    changes
    in porepressure
    asreflectedin mudweights.The inability of techniques
    developed
    for Gulf Coastconditions
    to identify
    definitivelyoverpressuring
    in thenorthernGreenRiverbasinsuggeststhatthesetechniques
    may not be applicablein geologically
    olderbasinswhichexperienced
    differentdepositional
    conditions
    andratesand hadmorecomplextectonichistories.

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