Lab Report Concrete-Compressive Strength

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE
BACHELOR IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
BEC205 - CONCRETE, FLUID & SOIL

LAB
CONCRETE LAB-COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
GIVEN DATE
DEADLINE
SUBMISSION DATE
5th December 2016
LECTURERS
Pn Siti Farah Ezdiani Miasin
NAME
NAME & MATRIC
Noor Affendi bin Dikkir
152015122
Nur Syazwani bt Saidin
151014652
Ong Yen Ling
151014734
Nik Amir Imran bin Nik

Marzukee
Hidayat Ahmad Faiz
152015235
151914674
MARKS
Table of Contents
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
2.2
3.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
6.1
7.1
Introduction.....................................................................................................................2
Theory..............................................................................................................................2
Purpose.............................................................................................................................3
Objective..........................................................................................................................3
Apparatus........................................................................................................................3
Procedure.........................................................................................................................4
Data Collection and Recording......................................................................................4
Data Analysis...................................................................................................................5
Discussion.........................................................................................................................6
Conclusion........................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................7
Appendices.......................................................................................................................7
1.1
Introduction
Compressive strength is the capacity of a material to withstand axially directed
pushing forces. When the limit of compressive strength is reached, materials are crushed.
Concrete can be made to have high compressive strength, e.g. many concrete structures
have compressive strengths in excess of 50 MPa, whereas a material such as soft
sandstone may have a compressive strength as low as 5 or 10 MPa.
1.2
Theory
By theory, the compressive strength of a material is the value of uniaxial
compressive stress reached when the material fails completely. The compressive strength
is usually obtained experimentally by means of a compressive test by applying load to the
concrete cubes. Compressive strength of concrete depends on many factors such as watercement ratio, cement strength, quality of concrete material, quality control during
production of concrete etc. The strength of concrete also increases with age.
Age
Strength per
cent
1 day
16%
3 days
40%
7 days
65%
14 days
90%
28 days
99%
Grade of
Concrete
15
Minimum
compressive
strength N/mm2 at
7 days
10
20
13.5
25
17
30
20
35
23.5
40
27
45
30
TABLE 1: the strength of concrete at different
TABLE 2: Compressive strength of
ages in comparison with the strength at
different grades of concrete at 7 days
28 days after casting.
1.3
Purpose
To get general knowledge about all the characteristics of concrete. We also can
judge whether the concrete is properly done or not.
1.4
Objective
1. To try to achieve 75% of the strength of concrete cubes cured for 7 days.
2. To determine the strength of concrete with different curing process
2.1
Apparatus
1. Compressive Strength Test Machine
FIGURE 1: Compressive Strength Test Machine
2.2
Procedure
1. Remove the concrete cube from water tank after 7 days of curing time and wipe out
excess water from the surface.
2.
Clean the bearing surface of the testing machine
3.
Place the s concrete cube in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be
applied to the opposite sides of the cube cast (smooth side up)
4. Align the cube centrally on the base plate of the machine.

5.
Rotate the movable portion gently by hand so that it touches the top surface of the
concrete cube
6. Apply the load gradually without shock and continuously at steady rate until fails.
7. Record the maximum load and note any unusual features in the type of failure.
3.1
Data Collection and Recording

Sample No
Sample Reference
WET
WET
Date
Date Cast
23-11-16
Date Test
30-11-16
Testing Age
7 days
Date Cast
23-11-16
Date Test
30-11-16
Testing Age
7 days
Load (P) (kN)
Types of failure
242.7
Satisfied
245.2
Satisfied
Date Cast
23-11-16
Date Test
30-11-16
Testing Age
7 days
DRY
Satisfied
242.9
TABLE 3: Data Collection from Compressive Strength Test Machine
4.1
Data Analysis
Calculation
(Grade)
Target Strength
25 x 75%
Area (A) of Cube no 1 (WET), mm2 =
18.75 N/ mm2
LxW
148.4mm x 149.2mm
22141.28 mm2
Area (A) of Cube no 2 (WET), mm2 =
LxW
149.1 mm x 149.9 mm
22350.09 mm2
Area (A) of Cube no 3 (DRY), mm2 =
LxW
150.6 mm x 149.4 mm
22499.64 mm2
Compressive Strength (N/ mm2)
P
A
x 1000
Cube no 1 (N/ mm2) =
242.7
22141.28
x 1000 =
10.78 N/ mm2
245.2
22350.09
x 1000 =
10.90 N/ mm2
242.9
22499.64
x 1000 =
10.80 N/ mm2
Results
Area, mm2
Load (P) (kN)
Compressive Strength at 7 days

(N/ mm2)
22141.28
242.7
10.78
22350.09
245.2
10.90
22499.64
242.9
10.80
TABLE 4: Tabulated Results from Data Analysis
Average compressive strength of the concrete cube = 10.83 N/ mm2 (7 days)
If strength of any specimen varies by more than 15 per cent of average strength from
target strength, results of such concrete cubes should be rejected.
Percentage difference =
100% - (10.83/18.75) x 100% = 42% difference,
Therefore, the concrete cubes are rejected.
5.1
Discussion
1.
What are the factors affecting concrete strength?

Concrete strength is effected by many factors, such as quality of raw materials,
water/cement ratio, coarse/fine aggregate ratio, age of concrete, compaction of
concrete, temperature, relative humidity and curing of concrete.
5.2
Conclusion
After finish conducting this experiment, we conclude that the concrete cubes do
not meet the desirable target strength of concrete. This is due to many factors such as
many air void, poor workmanship such as improper mixing of fresh concrete, improper
compacting, exposed to weather and environment.
However, from our test, although

6
the difference is bare, well-cured concrete in water can sustain more load compared to
normal cured concrete.
6.1
References
1.
Internet
a) http://theconstructor.org/concrete/factors-affecting-strength-of-concrete/6220/
b) http://theconstructor.org/concrete/compressive-strength-of-concrete-cubes/1561/
7.1
Appendices
APPENDIX 1: Concrete Cubes

(from left: Dry cube, wet cube and
wet cube
APPENDIX II: Compressive

Strength Test Machine
APPENDIX IV: The concrete achieve

satisfaction for types of failure
APPENDIX III: Inserting Concrete
cube in the machine
APPENDIX V: Failure pattern of cubes

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND

BEC205 - CONCRETE, FLUID & SOIL

5th December 2016

Pn Siti Farah Ezdiani Miasin

Noor Affendi bin Dikkir

Nur Syazwani bt Saidin

Ong Yen Ling

Nik Amir Imran bin Nik

TABLE 1: the strength of concrete at different

TABLE 2: Compressive strength of

ages in comparison with the strength at

different grades of concrete at 7 days

28 days after casting.

FIGURE 1: Compressive Strength Test Machine

Clean the bearing surface of the testing machine

4. Align the cube centrally on the base plate of the machine.

Data Collection and Recording

Load (P) (kN)

TABLE 3: Data Collection from Compressive Strength Test Machine

Area (A) of Cube no 1 (WET), mm2 =

Area (A) of Cube no 2 (WET), mm2 =

Area (A) of Cube no 3 (DRY), mm2 =

Compressive Strength (N/ mm2)

Cube no 1 (N/ mm2) =

Cube no 2 (N/ mm2) =

Cube no 3 (N/ mm2) =

Load (P) (kN)

Compressive Strength at 7 days

100% - (10.83/18.75) x 100% = 42% difference,

Therefore, the concrete cubes are rejected.

What are the factors affecting concrete strength?

However, from our test, although

APPENDIX 1: Concrete Cubes

APPENDIX II: Compressive

APPENDIX IV: The concrete achieve

APPENDIX V: Failure pattern of cubes

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