The document contains 8 solved questions using De Moivre's theorem to evaluate complex expressions. Question 1 proves that (1 + i√3)8 + (1 - i√3)8 = -28. Question 2 finds the least value of n for which (1+i)n + (1-i)n is equal to -2(n+2)/2 (which is 4). Question 3 finds the value of (2 - 2i)1/3 (which is -1 + i).
The document contains 8 solved questions using De Moivre's theorem to evaluate complex expressions. Question 1 proves that (1 + i√3)8 + (1 - i√3)8 = -28. Question 2 finds the least value of n for which (1+i)n + (1-i)n is equal to -2(n+2)/2 (which is 4). Question 3 finds the value of (2 - 2i)1/3 (which is -1 + i).
The document contains 8 solved questions using De Moivre's theorem to evaluate complex expressions. Question 1 proves that (1 + i√3)8 + (1 - i√3)8 = -28. Question 2 finds the least value of n for which (1+i)n + (1-i)n is equal to -2(n+2)/2 (which is 4). Question 3 finds the value of (2 - 2i)1/3 (which is -1 + i).
The document contains 8 solved questions using De Moivre's theorem to evaluate complex expressions. Question 1 proves that (1 + i√3)8 + (1 - i√3)8 = -28. Question 2 finds the least value of n for which (1+i)n + (1-i)n is equal to -2(n+2)/2 (which is 4). Question 3 finds the value of (2 - 2i)1/3 (which is -1 + i).
Important Question: ICSE 2010 Mathematics Class 12th Solved
(De Moivers Theorem)
Q.1. Prove that (1 + i3)8 + (1 i3)8 = 28 by using De Moivers Theorem. Solution : 1 Let r cos = 1 and r sin = 3 Then tan = 3 => = /3 and r = (sin2 + cos2 ) = (1 + 3) = 2. Therefore, L.H.S. = (1+ i3)8 + (1 i3)8 = [r(cos + isin )]8 + [r(cos isin )]8 = 28[(cos /3 + isin/3)8 + (cos /3 isin /3)8] = 28[cos 8/3 isin8/3 + cos8/3 isin 8/3] = 28.2cos 8/3 = 28.2 cos (3 /3) = 28.2 cos /3 = 28.2 (1/2) = 28. [Ans.] Q.2. Using De Moivres theorem, find the least value of n N for which the expression : (1+i)n + (1 i)n is equal to 2(n+2)/2 . Solution : 2 The given expression is : (1+i)n + (1i)n , Let 1 + i = r(cos + isin ) => r cos = 1; r sin = 1 Therefore, tan = 1 or = /4 and r = 2.
Therefore, (! + i)n + (1 i)n = (r cos + i r sin )n + (r cos isin )n
= rn(cos /4 + i sin /4)n + rn(cos /4 i sin /4)n = (2)n [(cos /4 + isin /4)n + (cos /4 isin/4)n = (2)n[cos n/4 + isin n/4 + cos n/4 isin n/4] = (2)n 2cos n/4 = 2(n/2+2) cos n/4 Or, 2(n/2+2) cos n/4 = 2(n/2+2) Or, cos n/4 = 1 = cos Or, n/4 = Therefore, n = 4. [Ans.]
Q.3. Using De Moivres Theorem find the value of : (2 2i)1/3 .
Solution : 3 We have, (2 2i)1/3 . Putting 2 = a cos and 2 = a sin then tan = 1, = 135. 2 = a cos 135 = a (1/2) => a = 22 Or, (2 2i)1/3 = [ 22 (cos 135 + isin 135)]1/3 = [ 22(cos 3/4 + isin 3/4)]1/3 = [ (2)3(cos 3/4 + isin 3/4)]1/3 = (2)31/3[cos {( 2n + 3/4)}/3 + isin {(2n + 3/4)/3} where , n = 0, 1, 2. When n = 0, (2)[1/2 + i/2] = (1 + i) [Ans.] When n = 1, (2)[cos 11/12 + isin 11/12] [Ans.]
When n = 2, (2)[cos 19/12 + isin 19/12] [Ans.]
Q.4. Using De Moivres Theorem, find the least value of n for which [(1 + 3i)/2(1 + i)]n is purely imaginary. Solution : 4 (1 + 3i)/2(1 + i) = [(1 + 3i)(1 i)]/[2(1 + i)(1 i)] = [(1 + 3) + i(3 1)]/22 Let (3 + 1)/22 + i(3 1)/22 = (r cos ) + i(r sin ) Then, r cos = (3 + 1)/22 and r sin = (3 1)/22 Then, r2 = (r cos )2 + (r sin )2 = {(3 + 1)/22}2 + {(3 1)/22}2 = (4 + 23)/8 + (4 23)/8 = 1 Therefore, r = 1 = 1. And tan = r sin /r cos = [(3 1)/22]/[3 + 1)/22] = (3 1)/(3 + 1) = (tan 60 tan 45)/(1 + tan 60 tan 45) = tan ( 60 45) = tan 15 Therefore, = 15 = /12. Hence, (1 + i3)/2(1 + i) = cos (/12) + isin (/12) Therefore, [(1 + i3)/2(1 +i)]n = [cos (/12) + isin (/12)]n = [cos (n/12) + isin (n/12)] cos (n/12) isin (n/12) will be purely imaginary if and only if cos (n/12) = 0 Or, cos (n/12) = cos /2 . cos 3/2 , cos 5/2 , .. Or, cos (n/12) = cos (6/12), cos (18/12), cos (30/12) .
Therefore, n/12 = 6/12, 18/12, 30/12, .
Or, n = 6, 18, 30, .. Therefore least value of n is 6. [Ans.]
Q.5. Using De Moivres Theorem , find the least value of n for which the expression {(3 + 3i) /23}2n 1 is purely real. Solution : 5 We are given, {(3 + 3i)/23}2n 1 = {(1/2) + i(3/2)}2n 1 = (cos /3 + isin /3)2n 1 = cos (2n 1)/3 + isin (2n 1)/3 The given expression is real, therefore its imaginary parts is zero. i.e. isin(2n 1)/3 = 0 , but i 0. Therefore, sin(2n 1)/3 = 0 Therefore, value of (2n 1)/3 = 0, , 2, 3, 4, . When (2n 1)/3 = 0 , 2n 1 = 0 => n = 1/2 . This value is not acceptable as n N. When (2n 1)/3 = , 2n 1 = 3 => n = 2 N. When (2n 1)/3 = 2, 2n 1 = 6 => n = 7/2. Which is again not acceptable as n N. When (2n 1)/3 = 3 , 2n 1 = 9 => n = 5 N. Therefore, the least value of n is 2. [Ans.]
Q.6. Using De Moivres Theorem, find the value of (1 + i3)4 + (1 i3)4.
Solution : 6 We are given, (1 +i3)4 + (1 i3)4 Let r cos = 1 and r sin = 3 => r sin /r cos = 3/1 => tan = 3. And = /3. also r = {(1)2 + (3)2} = (1 + 3) 4 = 2 . Therefore, (1 + i3) = 2 [1/2 + i3/2] = 2 [cos /3 + isin /3] and (1 i3) = 2[cos /3 isin /3] Hence, (1 + i3)4 + (1 i3)4 = (2)4[cos /3 + isin /3]4 + (2)4[cos /3 isin /3]4 = (2)4[cos4/3 + isin 4 /3 + cos 4 /3 isin 4/3] = (2)42cos 4/3 =(2)5 cos ( + /3) = (2)5 ( cos /3) = (2)5 ( 1/2 ) = 16 . [Ans.]
Q.7. Using De Moivres Theorem , find the least value of n for which the expression [(1 + i)/(1 i) ]n is purely imaginary. Solution : 7 We are given, [(1 + i)/(1 i)]n Let 1 = r cos and 1 = rsin Then r2(cos2+ sin 2 ) = 1 + 1 = 2 => r2 = 2 => r = 2 And tan = 1 => = /4. Hence, 1 + i = r (cos + isin ) and 1 i = r (cos i sin ) And (1 + i)n/(1 i)n = [rn(cos + isin )n]/[rn(cos isin )n] = (cos isin )n (cos isin ) -n
= (cos n + isin n)(cos n + isin n)
= (cos n + isin n)2 = cos 2n + isin 2n As the given expression is purely imaginary, cos 2n = 0 Or, cos (2n/4) = 0 , cos /2 = 0 Or, cos n/2 = 0 , n = 1, 3, 5, 7 . If we take only positive values of n then least value of n is 1. [Ans.]
Q.8. If z = (13 5i)/(4 9i), prove by using De Moivres Theorem that z6 = 8i. Solution : 8 We have, z = (13 15i)/(4 9i) = {(13 15i)(4 + 9i)}/{(4 9i)(4 + 9i)} = 97(1 + i)/97 =1+i = 2[1/2 + 1/2i] = 2[cos /4 + isin /4] Therefore, z6 = {2[cos /4 + isin /4]}6 = 8[cos 6/4 + isin 6/4] = 8[0 i] = 8i. [Proved.]
