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    Lec 8 Plastic

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    Asghar Hussain Shah
    The document discusses plastics and their classification. It describes that plastics are classified as thermoplastics or thermosets. Thermoplastics soften when heated and can be remolded, while thermosets become permanently hardened after heating and cannot be remolded. Some common thermoplastics include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene, which are used to make various products. Thermosets form a cross-linked network and are generally stronger than thermoplastics.

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    Lec 8 Plastic

    Uploaded by

    Asghar Hussain Shah
    30 views3 pages
    The document discusses plastics and their classification. It describes that plastics are classified as thermoplastics or thermosets. Thermoplastics soften when heated and can be remolded, while thermosets become permanently hardened after heating and cannot be remolded. Some common thermoplastics include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene, which are used to make various products. Thermosets form a cross-linked network and are generally stronger than thermoplastics.

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    The document discusses plastics and their classification. It describes that plastics are classified as thermoplastics or thermosets. Thermoplastics soften when heated and can be remolded, while thermosets become permanently hardened after heating and cannot be remolded. Some common thermoplastics include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene, which are used to make various products. Thermosets form a cross-linked network and are generally stronger than thermoplastics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    30 views3 pages

    Lec 8 Plastic

    Uploaded by

    Asghar Hussain Shah
    The document discusses plastics and their classification. It describes that plastics are classified as thermoplastics or thermosets. Thermoplastics soften when heated and can be remolded, while thermosets become permanently hardened after heating and cannot be remolded. Some common thermoplastics include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene, which are used to make various products. Thermosets form a cross-linked network and are generally stronger than thermoplastics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Lecture#08

    \
    Plastics
    A synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene,
    PVC, nylon, etc., that can be moulded into required shapes
    Classification
    Plastics are classified into two categories as thermoplastics and thermosets.
    Thermoplastics
    Thermoplastics soften when heated. Thermoplastics are the plastics that do not undergo chemical
    change in their composition when heated and can be moulded again and again.
    Thermoplastics include
    i. Acrylic
    It is also called plastic glass. It is more transparent than even glass. It is tough and strong and
    does not shatter under impact. It cracks before breaking, it is unaffected by light acids and
    moisture. Its compressive strength is 1600 to 2400kg/cm2 and the tensile strength is 450kg/cm2 to
    700kg/cm2
    ii. Cellulose acetate
    Cellulose Acetate is a natural plastic, which is manufactured from purified natural cellulose.
    Properties
    High transparency and aesthetic appeal(architectural look)
    High impact and mechanical strength
    High dielectric constant
    Good resistance to a variety of chemicals
    Uses: it is extensively used for insulating electric cables, for lighting fittings, for door plates and
    for hand rails.
    iii.
    Cellulose nitrate
    It is obtained by treating cotton with sulphuric acid and nitric acid by a process called nitration
    Cellulose nitrate is tough and durable. These are unaffected by moisture or solvents.
    Uses: these are used in making set squares, slide rules and fountain pens etc.

    iv. Polyethylene
    Also known as polythene, is made of polymerization of ethylene. Two varieties of polythene are
    made, high density and low density.
    Polyethylene has an excellent resistance to most solvents and chemicals and is tough and flexible
    over a wide temperature range.
    Uses:
    The principal uses of polythene are for electrical insulation, domestic kitchenware, and thin film
    and sheet for packaging.
    By Engr. Asghar Hussain Shah

    Page 1

    Lecture#08
    v. Polystyrene
    Polystyrene are produced by the addition and polymerization of styrene. It is a transparent and
    brittle material.
    At ordinary temperature it is in glass condition. It is an excellent electrical insulator. It can be
    easily expanded into rigid foam. The major uses of polystyrene are in electrical equipment,
    refrigerator parts, CD and DVD cases and food containers.
    vi. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

    It is a product obtained from vinyl chloride (


    ) and acetates.PVC has a tendency to
    decompose when heated or exposed to sun light. It resists attacks of acids and alkalis and is
    unaffected by moisture. It is light in weight and can be cut easily. It is a bad conductor of
    electricity. It withstands wear and tear well.
    Uses: it is used in the manufacture of drainage pipes for sanitation, as insulation for electric
    wires.
    vii. Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
    It is a product obtained by the polymerization of vinyl acetate. Its properties and uses are very
    much similar to those of polyvinyl chloride.
    Properties of plastics
    The general and engineering properties of plastics are enumerated(listed) below
    i.
    These are available in a variety of shades, textures and finishes to meet all the possible
    aesthetic requirements in building construction.
    ii.
    these can be moulded to any shape and size
    iii.
    These are easy to work upon
    iv. These offers high resistance to weathering and corrosion
    v. These are quite light in weight( these have high strength to weight ratio)
    vi.
    These are not attacked by insects or fungi
    vii.
    These have good electrical insulation properties
    viii.
    Some varieties of plastics have good optical properties
    ix.
    These have good sound and heat absorption properties
    x.
    These withstand moisture, oil and greases well
    xi.
    These are easy to install
    xii.
    These have lower strength and elastic modulus values as compared to those of metals
    xiii.
    Coefficients of thermal expansion is relatively high
    Thermosets
    The property of material becoming permanently hard and rigid after cooling when heated above
    the melting temperature is called thermosets. The solidification process of plastics is known as
    By Engr. Asghar Hussain Shah

    Page 2

    Lecture#08
    curing. The transformation from the liquid state to the solid state is irreversible process, further
    heating of thermosets result only in the chemical decomposition. It means that the thermosets
    cant be recycled. During curing, the small molecules are chemically linked together to form
    complex inter-connected network structures (figure 2). This cross-linking prevents the slippage
    of individual chains. Therefore, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, compressive
    strength, and hardness) are not temperature dependent, as compared to thermoplastics. Hence,
    thermosets are generally stronger than the thermoplastics.
    Figue2 Molecular structure of thermosets
    The joining of thermosets by thermal processes like ultrasonic welding, laser welding, and gas
    welding is not possible, but mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding may be used for low
    strength applications.
    The different types of thermosets are Alkyds, Allylics, Amine, Bakelite, Epoxy, Phenolic (PF),
    Polyester, Silicone, Polyurethane (PUR), and Vinyl Ester.
    Applications
    Thermosets are commonly used for high temperature applications. Some of the common
    products are electrical equipments, motor brush holders, printed circuit boards, circuit breakers,
    encapsulation, kitchen utensils, handles and knobs, and spectacle lenses.
    Difference between thermoplastics and thermo sets
    THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
    S.NO
    thermoplastics
    Formed
    by
    addition
    Polymn.
    Formed by condensation Polymn.
    01
    Long chain linear polymers
    Three dimensional network
    02
    03
    04
    05
    06

    Soften on heating and stiffen on


    cooling
    Can be remoulded
    Usually soft, weak & less brittle
    Can be reclaimed from wastes
    Soluble inSoluble in organic solvents
    organic solvents

    By Engr. Asghar Hussain Shah

    structure joined by strong covalent


    bonds
    Do not soften on heating

    Cannot be remoulded
    Usually hard, strong & more brittle
    Cannot be reclaimed from wastes
    Insoluble in organic solvents

    Page 3

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