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Section IX
SERIES LIFTING EQUIPMENT
9.941
FEM
This rule contains In the table hereafter symbols for the text-free marking of control devices for flooroperated lifting appliances.
2
Size
All symbols can be varied according to space available . However, the recognizability compared to the
shown size should be taken into account.
3
Execution
The symbols should be attached in such a way that they will be permanent and cannot be wiped off.
The shape of the background on which arrows and symbols are attached is indifferent .
4
The symbols can be arranged on or beside the control devices. The symbol No. 9 (signal) may also
be arranged turned by 90.
5
In addition to the logically arranged arrows, control devices for opposed directions of movement must
be distinguished by selection of inverted colours for the background and for the symbol.
For the switching of two different speeds there are two possibilities :
a) Each speed is controlled by a different control device; two arrows are used for the higher speed.
b) In the case of the so-called step switching, pressing the control device switches on first the slow
and then the fast speed. The sign for this switching consists of two arrow heads arranged one
behind the other.
Crane travel movements away from and towards the operator are indicated by inclined arrows .
6
If the crane or the trolley Is provided with direction symbols, the following requirements must be met :
- The direction symbol must be clearly visible for the the crane operator within the working area of the
crane and must be securely attached .
- The symbols on the crane and on the trolley must be analogue to those of the control device . The
symbols indicated in the following table should be preferably used.
continued on page 2
FEM 9.683
Page 7
Short-time duty
Under special conditions of duty (e.g. long travel of hook, the operating time may only be such that permissible limit temperatures are not exceeded . In such cases, short-time duty is allowed instead of intermittent duty. In this duty type, a lifting motor that has cooled down to the temperature of the cooling medium can be operated for a certain time with the load corresponding to the particular group of mechanisms. Minimum values for operating time of high speed and low speed windings' are given in table
5.8.2.2.a for the various groups of mechanisms . No more than 10 starts may take place during this operating time.
Mixed duty
Under mixed duty conditions, intermittent duty and sho_ rt-time duty alternate . The permissible limit temperatures must not be exceeded .
Table 5.8.2.2.a applies for lifting motors with one hoisting speed for intermittent duty. For creep speed lifting motors (separate motor) half the CDF values should be achieved with the same number of starts.
For lifting motors with two speeds (pole-changing motors} the table values for both windings apply together for intermittent duty.
The following ratios are assumed :
Low speed
High speed
Number of starts/h
213
113
Operating time
113
213
The number of starts specified in table 5.8.2.2.a refers to a uniform distribution aver an hour in which the
motor reaches the rated speed. Other specifications are necessary for inching operation .
Page 6
FEM 9.683
5.8.2
Motors for vertical motions
5.8.2.1
Determination of required torques
For a hoisting motor, the required powerto raise the maximum nominal Load (Pnmax) is defined in kW in
taking account of the configuration of the gear transmission ratio and of the reeving according to the following formula :
P
Nmax
where :
L:
maximum nominal permissible lifting force in N
V L : lifting speed in m/s
efficiency of machinery
rl :
This results in the required torque to raise the maximum nominal load M Nmax in Nm:
P Nmax
' 9550
'
Nmax
where
n:
rotating speed of the motor in rpm
The manufacturer must ensure that the torque required far acceleration, for lifting the test load or to cover
voltage and frequency tolerances are available .
The mechanical braking torque must be specified such that safe and reliable braking is ensured .
If fitted, an electrical braking arrangement must be able to slow down the load in complete safety.
5 .8.2.2
Relationship between cyclic duration factor, number of cycles per hour and starts per
hour
In such cases where no exact information is available, the values can be extracted from table 5.8.2.2b for
operating time and number of cycles for various types of mechanisms for vertical movements .
If necessary, the manufacturer can provide information in order to facilitate the selection o lifting motors
for various crane types .
Minimum values for the number of starts per hour and also a relationship for the minimum values between operating time, number of cycles per hour and starts per hour are given in table 5.8.2.2a .
Table 5.8.2.2a
duty
Group of mecanisms
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
5_
Dm
Cm
Bm
Am
m
m
m
m _
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cycleslh
15
20
25
30
40
50
_ .._
60
60
No. of
90
120
150
180
240
300
360
360
Intermi ~
CDF
in %
star/h
Short-time duty
low-speed
7,5
l,5
15
15
30
30
60
>60
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3, 5
4
5
g
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
_60 .
;
~
_.~
__._
____ .
The such defined motor can be selected in S3 duty if one single motion operation does not exceed 10 minutes .
Should this not be the case, a special study has to be made.
For the motor selection, the mean equivalent power Pored should be corrected as a function of altitude if it
exceeds 1000 m and the ambient temperature if it deviates from 40 C or restrictions must be stated in
accordance with 5.8 .1 .5 .
5.8.1 .4 Thermal calculation of squirrel-cage motors without frequency inverter control
Specifications regarding starting frequency must be given by the manufacturer . Minimum values are given
in para 5.8.2 .2 and 5.8.3,2.
5.8.1 .5 Power correction as a function of cooling agent temperature and altitude
The motor output powers given in the manufacturer's tables apply far duty types defined in accordance
with !EC 34-1, namely for:
Rated voltage
Rated frequency
Ambient temperature 40 C
Site altitudes up to 1000 m above sea level
At ambient temperatures above 40 C and/or altitudes higher than 1000 m above sea level, the rated
values of the motors must be adjusted accordingly . Depending on the conditions of application, the power, CDF or starting frequency are reduced, if the motors would otherwise exceed their permissible temperature rise limit .
5.8.1.6 Cyclic duration factor and number of cycles per hour
The operating time can be calculated for a drive in accordance with the following equation :
CDF =
operating time
operating time + idle time
100
Page 4
FEM 9.683
lifting
with rated load.,
lowering
,, with rated load
lifting
without load
lowering
without load
time
lifting
motion
horizontal
motion
lifting with
partial load _ ,
, _
lowering with
partial load
lifting
without load
lowering
without load
lime
lifting
motion
horizontal
motion
Diagram 5 .8 .1 .3.1
Torque variation for two different load cycles
Lifting motion
. .__tr. idle times
_ _
_ _.
Horizontal motion
tr = idle times
M,, Ma = acceleration torque
M2 = torque with load and resisting wind
M3, M6 =_braking torque
MS = torque without load and with driving wind
5.8.1 .3
Thermal calculation of DC motors, slip-ring motors and squirrel-cage motors with frequency inverter control .
med
M r, +
;
Mzr2 + M3r3+ . .. .. ..
Mz
tn
Where:
t2, t3, .. . to are the periods during which the different torque values are produced ; periods of rest are not
taken into account.
t,,
M,, M2, M3, . .. Mn are the calculated torque values, taking into account all the inertia forces including that
of the rotor mass of the motor.
!n case of variable loads, a maximum of at least 10 successive working cycles for the predimensioning
must be taken into account see definition 2.1,2.2} .
Diagram 5 .8 .1 .3.1 shows an example of the torque operation for 2 different cycles.
Page 2
FEM 9 .683
5.8.1
number of cycles/hour,
drive systems
For indoor application, under normal conditions, motors must comply with IP 23 at least.
In dusty environment, motors must comply with ID 44 at least.
5.8.1 .2.2 Outdoor application
For outdoor application, motors must comply with IP 54 at least .
In case of water condensation risk, care should be taken that the water condensation drain holes remain
open.
5.8,1 .2 .3 Particular application
Motors may comply with a lower degree of protection if they are appropriately protected, or protected by
external means for their particular application .
5.8.1 .2.4 Explosive environments
In potentially explosive environments, motors must be explosion-proof as specified in EN 50014-50020 .
FEM
9.683
10.1995 (E)
Introduction
This rule contains the selection criteria for lifting and travelling motors in series lifting
equipment . Booklet 5 "Electrical equipment" revision 1992.10 .01 of the rule FEM 1 .001 "Rules
for the design of lifting appliances" (3rd edition : 1987.10.01) of the FEM-Section I "Heavy lifting
appliances" served as a basis reference . This rule deviates from the booklet referred to above
in order to take into account the specific requirements of series lifting equipment .
Contents
Page
_
Motor selection
Criteria for motor selection (IEC 34-1)
2
Remarks on the selection of motors
2
Degree of protection (IEC 34-5)
2
Thermal calculation of DC motors, slip-ring motors and squirrel-cage motors
with frequency inverter control . . . .. . . .. . . . . ... . . ........ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . . ... . .. .... . .... . . . ... .. . .. . . ... ... .. . . . . ...... . . . . 3
5.8.1 .3.1 Mean equivalent torque . .. ... . . ... .
3
5
5.8.1 .3.2 Mean equivalent power
5.8 .1 .4
Thermal calculation of squirrel-cage motors without frequency inverter control .. .. .. . 5
5.8 .1 .5
Power correction as a function of cooling agent temperature and altitude
5
5.8 .1 .6
Cyclic duration factor and number of cycles per hour
5
5.8 .2
Motors for vertical motions . . .
6
. . .. . . .., .. . .. . .
6
5.8 .2.1
Determination of required torques . . . .... ... . . ..... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . .
5.8 .2.2
Relationship between cyclic duration factor, number of cycles per hour and
6
starts per hour
5.8.3
Motors for horizontal motions
9
5 .8.3.1
Determination of required torques . ... ... . ... .... . ....... .. . ... .. . ... .. ..... ... ..... . .. .... .... ... . . ...... .. . . ..... ...,.. ........ . ... 9
5 .8.3.2
Relationship between cyclic duration factor, number of cycles per hour and
starts per hour
10
5.8.3.3
Rotation
13
5.8.3.4
Span variation
13
5.8
5.8 .1
5 .8.1 .1
5.8 .1 .2
5.8 .1 .3
page _
to
of
up
Hoist
down
right
3
Trolley
4
left
forward
Crane
backward
right
Stewing
mechanism
11
off
on
off
ON
0
II=
,/
fast
with step
switching
slow/fast
F2 0
II~
FA-M
-1
li'I
~QI
`I
~VW
0
LIFA-
- 10
FA-0
0
l
I~ I
~-J
~~~
J
Colour of the
Background
Symbol
optional
except
red and
green
optional
in contrast
to the
background
0 G 0
1
\!JI
,
I
examples :
yellow
bare metal
black
black
IQ I
LJ
black
black
I',-I
on
Crane switch
(Main
contactor)
slow
yellow
bare metal
left
Signal
10
Symbol
Speed
with single switching
Control
"I
A1
,.
Irt
. . .;.\
Bridging
switch f
operational
limit switch
1) Red Is Indicated by cross hatching
~
I
optional
in contrast
to the
background
red
optional
in contrast
to the
background
1)
L-J
r.1.;,"
optional
except red
1)
optional
except red
Page 8
FEM 9.683
Type of appliance
Ref.
Previsions conc.
the type o~
utilisation
Designation
1
2
3
Number
of cycles
per hour
~
2 - 25
2 - 1 5
25 - 40 ~
15 - 40
Hook
20 - 60
40 ~
~
-100
60
Grab or magnet
25 - 80
Grab or magnet
1 D - 50
40 -120
Hook or spreader
3 - 10
40 - 60
30 - 60
40 - 60
30 ~
10 60
60
6
40
20 - 60
40 - 60
25
S215/30min2
S215/30min2)
25 - 40
40 -100
60
___
_____
S2-
15/30min2)
Hook
20 - 60
40 - 60
Grab or magnet
20 - 80 ~
40 -100 i
Hook
20 - 50
60
40
Hook
40
60 ~
20
40
25 - 60
60 -100
S215/34min2
S2)
Grab or magnet
2 - 10
15/30min2
40
Grab or ma net
30 - 60
30 - 80
20
10 ~
S1or
S2-3D min2
40
60
40 - 60 j
S1 or
S2-30min2) I
40
_ . _
40 - 60
40 - 60
S2
15130 min2)
I Hook
__
I
~
40
25 - 40
S1 or
S2-30min2
)
Page 12
FEM 9.683
Table 5.8.3.2.b
Indications for the number of
Ies
Type of apliance
Ref.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 .a
Designation
Appliance with manual drive
Jib cranes for assembling
Assembling and dismantling
cranes for power stations
machine shops...
Stocking and reclaiming
transporters
Stocking and reclaiming
transporters
Workshop cranes
Overhead travelling cranes,
Pig breaking cranes
Scrap charging cranes
Ladle cranes
Soaking pit cranes
Stripper cranes, open hearth
furnace charging cranes
Forge cranes
~ Unloading bridge cranes,
Bridge cranes for containers
Previsions cone.
the type of
utilisation 1)
i
~
Hook
2 - 25
2 - 15
25 - 60
Grab or magnet
10 - 50
40 -120
~
~
' Derricking i
Derricking
hinged i
bbom
~
boom
25 ~
15 - 40 '
_
40 ~
',
j
4D I
;
3D
10 ;
6~
20 - 60
25 - 40
25 ~
25 - 40
25
40 - 60
25 - 40
25 - 40
40 - 60 ~
25 - 40
60 -100
40 - 60
40 - 60 ~
40 `
40
40 - 60
40 - 60
60
- 40
10D f
25
15 -
404D
2560 - 40 ~
40 - 60
4D ~
40 - 100
25
25 - 40
j
15 - 40
60
3 - 10
30 - 60
Hook
20 12 .b Other bridge cranes with crab
andlor rotating crane
20 - 80
Grab or magnet
'
13
Unloading bridge cranes,
Bridge cranes (with crab andlor
rataing crane)
__
Hook
20 - 50
14
Shipyard jib cranes,
Dismantling jib cranes
Hook
40
15
Wharf cranes rotating on
bridge crane...
2D
floating cranes and
shear legs
,
25 - 60
16 ' Wharf cranes (rotating on
Grab or magnet
bridge crane...)
floating cranes and
shear legs
2 - 10
17
Floating cranes and shear legs
for heavy lifts usually
> 100 t)
I
30 - 60
18
Deck cranes
Hook
30 - 80
Grab or magnet
~
19
Deck cranes
I
20
20
Site tower cranes
21 ~ Derrick cranes
10
22
Railway cranes, admitted for
traffic
_ _
railwa
_ _ ._ __
This column comprises only some indicatory typical cases o f utili
i isa t'ion
"
Lifting
20 - 60
Grab or magnet
Nook or spreader
. Number of ,
~
cycles per '
hour
~
!
40 - 60 ~
25
60 ~
15
40
25 - 40
15 - 60
40
25
40
40 ~
15 - 25
'v
25 - 4D
25 I
15 - 40
15 - 4D ~
;
~
~
~
40 j
6D
40 60
10
25
25'
~
__ __
_-
__ ___ ______ _
FEM 9 .683
Page 11
Table 5.8.3.2.a
Intermittent duty
Group of
mechanisms
Cycles/h
No . of
starl/
Short-time duty
CDF
in %
1
1
1
1
Dm
Cm
Bm
Am
2 m
3 m
4 m
5 m
Attention :
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
>60
60
90
120
150
240
300
>360
84 1
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
low-speed
10
10
15
15
30
30
60
> 60
1,5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3 .5
4
5
6
Short-time duty
Under special conditions of duty (e.g . long travel of hoak), the operating time may only be such that permissible limit temperatures are not exceeded. In such cases, short-time duty is allowed instead of intermittent duty. In this duty type, a lifting motor that has cooled down to the temperature of the cooling medium can be operated for a certain time with the load,
Minimum values for operating time of high speed and low speed windings are given in table 5.8 .3.2.a for
the various groups of mechanisms. No more than 10 starts may take place during this operating time'.
Mixed duty
Under mixed duty conditions, intermittent duty and short-time duty alternate . The permissible limit temperatures must not be exceeded .
Table 5.$ .2.2.a applies for lifting rnotors with one hoisting speed for intermittent duty.
For travel motors with two speeds, the values for both windings apply together .
The following ratios are assumed :
sped
Low
High speed
Number of starrs/h
213
113
Operating time
1l3
2l3
The number of starts specified in fable 5.8.3.2.a refers to a uniform distribution over an hour in which the
motor reaches the rated speed. Other specifications are necessary for inching operation.
Page 10
FEM 9.683
where;
acceleration in m/s2 (at constant speed a = O)
mass of useful load in kg
v
n
0
m
;
:
:
mo
Wo
Wa
W 25
The inertia of the rotating masses referred to linear motion is evaluated using the formula :
1
moor 91,2
'
where:
,!
For determining the maximum torque of the motor, the highest calculated torque value shall be taken into
account .
For slip-ring motors used for the horizontal motions, the starting resistances shall be so defined that the
minimum torque supplied by the motor is never less than 1 .2 times the torque required to maintain the travel speed.
5.8.3.2
Relationship between cyclic duration factor, number of cycles per hour and starts
per hour
In such cases where no exact information is available, the values can be extracted from table 5 .8.3 .2.b
for cyclic duration factor and number of cycles for various types of mechanisms for horizontal movements . If necessary, the manufacturer can provide information in order to facilitate the selection of
travel motors for various crane types.
Minimum values for the number of starts per hour and also a relationship far the minimum values between cyclic duration factor, number of cycles per hour and starts per hour are given in table 5 .8 .3.2 .a .
In practical operation, a lower number of cycles can also occur in the lower groups at the given number
of starts and a higher number in the higher groups, for instance when operation is automated . If travel
motors are used in the short-time made, e.g. where the travel distances are long, there must be no more
than 10 starts. Minimum values for the operating time for the various groups of mechanisms are given in
table 5.8.3 .2.a.
2n
.Mn=
Mr
Case II
The highest value from the results of the following formula shall be taken into account :
and
60
.
v
M~. .MR = 2 n ,
n ~ rl
25
Erstel~ durch den Technischen AusschuR der Section 1X der Federation Europ~enne de la Manutention (FEM}
Prepared by the Technical Committee of Section IX of the Federation Europ6enne de la Manutention (FEM)
Etabli par le Comite Technique de la section IX de la Federation Europeenne de la Manutention (FEM)
Sekretariat:
Secretarsat:
Secrtariat:
Zu beziehen durch des oben angegebene Secretariat oiler durch die foigenden Nationalkomitees der FEM
Available from the above secretariat or from the following committees of the FEM
En vente aupres du secretariat ou des comites nationaux suivants de la FEM
Belgique
italic
Deutschland
Luxembourg
Espana
mite Nacional Espailol de la FEM
Nederland
Finland
Norge
France
mite National Frangais de 1a FEM
Portugal
Great Britain
Sverige