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Dikshant International School: Project On Computer Networking

This document is a student project on computer networking submitted to their teacher Miss Khushi Negi. It includes an acknowledgment, introduction to computer networks, types of networks including personal area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks and wide area networks. It also discusses network components like nodes, servers, clients and network devices like network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, gateways and modems. Finally, it covers transmission media for networks including wired media like twisted pair cables, coaxial cables and optical fibers as well as wireless media like radio waves, microwaves and infrared transmission.

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184 views17 pages

Dikshant International School: Project On Computer Networking

This document is a student project on computer networking submitted to their teacher Miss Khushi Negi. It includes an acknowledgment, introduction to computer networks, types of networks including personal area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks and wide area networks. It also discusses network components like nodes, servers, clients and network devices like network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, gateways and modems. Finally, it covers transmission media for networks including wired media like twisted pair cables, coaxial cables and optical fibers as well as wireless media like radio waves, microwaves and infrared transmission.

Uploaded by

kanchanfartiyalaihm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

DIKSHANT INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

PROJECT ON
COMPUTER NETWORKING

SUBMITTED TO: MISS KHUSHI NEGI


SUBMITTED BY: UNNATI POKHRIYA
CLASS: 9th
TERM: IInd
TERM (F.A.-3)

ROLL
NO.:8

SERIAL NO.

TOPIC

PAGE NO.

1.
2.

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T
COMPUTER
NETWORK
TYPES OF NETWORK

1
2

3.
4.
5.
6.

COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER
NETWORK
NETWORK DEVICES
TRANSMISSION
MEDIA

3-4
5
6-7
8-9

REMARK

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I SHWETA BISHT of class 9th of DIKSHANT
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL is thankful to my
computer teacher Miss Khushi Negi who
gave me golden opportunity to make a
project on Computer Networking, which
helped me in doing lots of research and I
came to know about my new things. I am
really thankful to my parents, sister and
friends who helped me in finalizing the
project within the time limit. Last but not the
least I would like to thank GOD who made
me capable for completing this project.

COMPUTER NETWORK
A
computer
network is a
group
of
connected
devices, such
as computers,
laptops,
printers
or
mobile
devices, which
can
communicate
with
each
other
and
share
hardware and
software
resources.
These devices

can be used to
send
and
receive
data
and
perform
tasks, such as
sharing files.

Figure1:
Computer
Network

USES OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
Some of the major uses of
computer network are:
Resource and file sharing.
Collective user interaction.
Increased storage capacity.

On the basis of the size, a computer


network can be classified into four
types:
Personal Area Network (PAN):
A PAN is used for
communication among
various devices, such
as computers,
mobile devices, fax
machines and
printers available
closely to an
individual user. The
devices in PAN are
connected through
wires or wireless

techno
logies.

Figure2:
PAN

Local Area Network (LAN):


A LAN is a collection of
computers
and
associated
devices
that are located in a

close
proxim
ity to
each

other.
A
LAN
occupies a small area,
which can be within a
home,
an
office
building or a school. It
is operated or owned
by a single person or
organization.

Figure3
: LAN

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):


A MAN is a computer network that
extends to a campus of large
organisation, such as a university, or
covers an entire city. The MAN
includes many LANs and individual
computers. The
geographical spread of a
MAN is larger than that
of a LAN. It is owned by a
single organisation or
group, such as a
university or a
government
organization.

Figure4
: MAN

Wide Area Network (WAN):


A WAN is a large
computer network made
up of smaller networks,
such as two or more
LANs. The worlds
largest and most famous
WAN is Internet. They
are costly to set up
because of the
expensive network
equipment required to
set up a WAN.

Figure5:
WAN

COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER
NETWORK
Various network components in a
computer network are:

Node: A node
is any device
that is
connected to
a computer
network.
Every node on
a network has
a unique
address,
which enables

other network
devices to
communicate
with it.

Figure6:
Node

Server: A server is a main and


powerful computer connected to a
network that is used to:
Share resources.
Respond to requests from
computers and other servers.

Provide centralized access to


services, such as email, and
resources, such as application, files,
printers and scanners.
A server can either perform specific
function or multiple functions such
as providing storage, e-mail access
and the Internet access
Client: A client is a computer that
uses services and resources
provided by other computers and
servers in a network. A client
computer usually has its own
processor, memory and storage
which enable it to perform its own
tasks.

Network devices are used to connect


different nodes to a network and
assist in transfer of data in the
network. Some of the network devices
are:

1. Network interface card (NIC):


NIC or Ethernet card is an electronic
device that connects a computer with
a network. Without this device our
computer cant communicate with
other device.
2. Hub: Hub is an electronic device
that connects multiple nodes in a
network and sends and receives data
from all connected nodes. A hub
contains multiple ports that are used
to connect multiple nodes.
3. Switch: A switch is an electronic
device that connects multiple nodes,
receives data from all nodes and
sends data only to the intended node.
A switch also has multiple ports to
connect with multiple nodes.
4. Router: A router can also be
defined as a networking device that
connects multiple physical networks.
It is the most widely used network
device. The main job of a router is to
prevent data broadcast. A router also
directs the data to the correct network

and path based on the data


properties. Routers ensure that
networks run effectively. They also
maintain a database of networked
device.
5. Gateway: A gateway can be
considered as the entrance point to
other networks; so that different
networks have many small networks
can communicate with each other. A
gateway is required in networks
because large organizational networks
have many small networks. A gateway
provides this connectivity and also
translates the data so that different
networks can communicate with each
other.
6. Modem: A modem is a device that
converts digital signals to analogue
signals and analogue signals to digital
signals. This process is known as
MOdulation/DEModulation or MODEM.
The conversion of signals to analogue
signals is known as modulation, and
conversion of analogue signals to
digital signals is known as

demodulation. Communication or
transmission media help to transfer
data between various network
devices, such as computers and
printers.

Figure7: Modem

TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Transmission media are also known as channel.
Transmission media can be wired media or
wireless media.
WIRED TRANSMISSION MEDIA: Wired
transmission media are used to transfer data
through cables and wires. Wired media are also
called guided media because they restrict data
transfer to a specific guided path. The cables
involved in guided media are:
TWISTED PAIR CABLES
i. UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP)
ii. SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP)
COAXIAL CABLES
OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES

Figure8: Examples of Wired Transmission Media

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA:


Wireless media transmit data by
using electromagnetic waves,
such as radio waves, microwaves
or light pulses to carry data. They
are also called unguided media
because the data transfer on a
network using a wireless
transmission medium does not
follow a well defined path instead

it is in the form of waves or pulses


that do not travel in closed guided
direction. The types of wireless
media used for communication
are:

RADIO WAVE TRANSMISSION


MICRO WAVE TRANSMISSION
INFRARED TRANSMISSION

Figure9: Examples of Wireless


Transmission Media

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