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This document contains 14 numerical analysis problems involving interpolation and approximation techniques such as Newton divided difference interpolation, polynomial interpolation, forward and backward difference methods, and least squares fitting. The problems involve constructing interpolating polynomials, approximating values, determining polynomial degrees, calculating divided differences and coefficients, fitting data to linear, quadratic, and other functional forms, and computing errors.

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72 views2 pages

5

This document contains 14 numerical analysis problems involving interpolation and approximation techniques such as Newton divided difference interpolation, polynomial interpolation, forward and backward difference methods, and least squares fitting. The problems involve constructing interpolating polynomials, approximating values, determining polynomial degrees, calculating divided differences and coefficients, fitting data to linear, quadratic, and other functional forms, and computing errors.

Uploaded by

naman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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School of Mathematics, Thapar University, Patiala

UMA007 : Numerical Analysis


Assignment 5
Interpolation and Approximations
1. Using Newton divided difference interpolation, construct interpolating polynomials of degree one, two, and
three for the following data. Approximate the specified value using each of the polynomials.
f (0.43) if f (0) = 1, f (0.25) = 1.64872, f (0.5) = 2.71828, f (0.75) = 4.4816.
2. Show that the polynomial interpolating the following data has degree 3.
2
1

x
f (x)

1
4

0
11

1
16

2
13

3
4

3. Let f (x) = ex , show that f [x0 , x1 , . . . , xm ] > 0 for all values of m and all distinct equally spaced nodes
{x0 < x1 < < xm }.
4. The following data are given for a polynomial P (x) of unknown degree
x
f (x)

0
4

1
9

2
15

3
18

Determine the coefficient of x3 in P (x) if all fourth-order forward differences are 1.


5. The Newton forward-difference formula is used to approximate f (0.3) given the following data.
x
f (x)

0
15.0

0.2
21.0

0.4
30.0

0.6
51.0

Suppose it is discovered that f (0.4) was understated by 10 and f (0.6) was overstated by 5. By what amount
should the approximation to f (0.3) be changed?
6. Suppose that f (x) = cos x to be approximated on [0, 1] by an interpolating polynomial on n + 1 equally
spaced points. What step size h ensure that linear interpolation gives an absolute error of at most 106 for
all x [0, 1].
7. Let i0 , i1 , , in be a rearrangement of the integers 0, 1, , n. Show that
f [xi0 , xi1 , , xin ] = f [x0 , x1 , , xn ].
8. Let f (x) = 1/(1 + x) and let x0 = 0, x1 = 1, x2 = 2. Calculate the divided differences f [x0 , x1 ] and
f [x0 , x1 , x2 ]. Using these divided differences, give the quadratic polynomial P2 (x) that interpolates f (x) at
the given node points {x0 , x1 , x2 }. Graph the error f (x) P2 (x) on the interval [0, 2].
9. Construct the interpolating polynomial that fits the following data using Newton forward and backward
x
f (x)

0
1.5

0.1
1.27

0.2
0.98

0.3
0.63

0.4
0.22

0.5
0.25

difference interpolation. Hence find the values of f (x) at x = 0.15 and 0.45.
10. The following data are parts of a table for function f (x) =
x
f (x)

0.1
9.9833

0.2
4.9667

0.3
3.2836

sin x
.
x2
0.4
2.4339

0.5
1.9177
CONTINUED

2
Calculate f 0.25) as accurately as possible
(a) by interpolating directly in this table, (b) by first calculating xf (x) and then interpolating directly in
that table, (c) explain the difference between the results obtained in (a) and (b), respectively.
11. A fourth-degree polynomial P (x) satisfies 4 P (0) = 24, 3 P (0) = 6, and 2 P (0) = 0, where P (x) =
P (x + 1) P (x). Compute 2 P (10).
12. Use the method of least squares to fit the linear and quadratic polynomial to the following data.
2
15

x
f (x)

1
1

0
1

1
3

2
19

13. By the method of least square fit a curve of the form y = axb to the following data.
x
y

2
27.8

3
62.1

4
110

5
161

14. Use the method of least squares to fit a curve y = c0 /x + c1 x to the following data.
x
y

0.1
21

0.2
11

0.4
7

0.5
6

1
5

2
6

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